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12 13 until the commencement of convalescence. Rush mentions the brown. All these shades of color are due to that of the haema- fondness for tobacco as being remarkable, with some of those toidin, in each particular case. Blood globules presenting a under his observation-one patient continuing to chew, through normal appearance are not met with in ordinary black vomit; every stage of his fever. Of thirst we may say that there is, but the shrivelled cell-walls, dyed brown, constitute a portion usually, no great desire for drinks-in some epidemics however, of the sediment-colorless, granular, epithelial scales compos- (as at Portsmouth, Va.) the thirst was so urgent that the desire ing the remainder. All infusorial and cryptogamic elements for cold drinks could not be satisfied. found in the fluid are to be regarded as accidental. When allowed to stand for several hours an opalescent or clear super- Nausea and Vomiting scarcely ever fail to command our natant fluid is left, after the sedimentary deposit has occurred. attention in a well marked case of yellow fever. Gastric Muriate of ammonia has always been found present by the disturbance, thus evinced, is generally one of the early analyses of Blair and Davy. symptoms. At first the matters vomited consist of the contents Black vomit varies greatly in abundance, sometimes being of the stomach, and are not characteristic. To these, mucus, unobserved-ever when post mortem examination shows the bile, and, perhaps, a streak or speck of blood may succeed. stomach filled with it-at others being measured by the quart. According to Dr. Blair, the ejecta, thus far, are of alkaline Occurring, generally, during the last day of life, it may com- reaction. Emesis may continue from first to last; but, as a mence as long as forty-eight hours before dissolution. The general thing, when once the stomach has been well emptied vomiting, not usually difficult, is often spoken of as simple it becomes quiet, until some time between the second and fifth gulping or pumping. day; then, with or without an apparent exciting cause, it mani- When an abnormal state of the bowels has been noted, fests irritability, and a quantity of clear, pale, or opalescent constipation has been the general rule. Exceptionally, cholera acid fluid is thrown up. This has received the name of white and diarrhoea have been observed. The most accurate account vomit. Dr. Blair looks upon this as being coincident with the of the alvine dejections is by Doctor Blair. He says, " ordi- cleaning up, reddening and smoothing of the tongue, already narily, the stools first observed were those produced by calomel referred to. Exceptionally, bile may be ejected at this stage. and castor oil, early prescribed. These were bilious, and not Its appearanee may be regarded as a good prognostic element. worthy of particular description. Occasionally, in the early When emesis does not cease shortly after the above-men stages, a greater or less quantity of dark matter appeared in tioned characteristics have shown themselves, the white vomit the evacuations - the first tangible morbid product of the is apt to contain small, snuff-like specks, forming a sooty sedi- disease, and highly diagnostic of the first stage. It is black, ment-this is the commencement of black vomit, which may, as after taking preparations of iron, or blackish brown, or now, be confidently looked for. This well known fluid, of bad gray and pultaceous." After cessation of these melanotic omen, has received much consideration of late years. It is not (homatoidin) stools, the dejections become of a dirty grey always black, but has been noted as being " dark, dark coffee color, abilious, liquid, and on standing, deposit a sediment, re- color, dark chocolate, and dark green." In some cases it is vealing, to the microscope, crystals of uric acid, and of the

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This item is a report issued by a committee of associate medical members of the U.S. Sanitary Commission regarding the occurrence, transmission, and treatment of yellow fever.

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    "ocrText": "12\n13\nuntil the commencement of convalescence. Rush mentions the\nbrown. All these shades of color are due to that of the haema-\nfondness for tobacco as being remarkable, with some of those\ntoidin, in each particular case. Blood globules presenting a\nunder his observation-one patient continuing to chew, through\nnormal appearance are not met with in ordinary black vomit;\nevery stage of his fever. Of thirst we may say that there is,\nbut the shrivelled cell-walls, dyed brown, constitute a portion\nusually, no great desire for drinks-in some epidemics however,\nof the sediment-colorless, granular, epithelial scales compos-\n(as at Portsmouth, Va.) the thirst was so urgent that the desire\ning the remainder. All infusorial and cryptogamic elements\nfor cold drinks could not be satisfied.\nfound in the fluid are to be regarded as accidental. When\nallowed to stand for several hours an opalescent or clear super-\nNausea and Vomiting scarcely ever fail to command our\nnatant fluid is left, after the sedimentary deposit has occurred.\nattention in a well marked case of yellow fever. Gastric\nMuriate of ammonia has always been found present by the\ndisturbance, thus evinced, is generally one of the early\nanalyses of Blair and Davy.\nsymptoms. At first the matters vomited consist of the contents\nBlack vomit varies greatly in abundance, sometimes being\nof the stomach, and are not characteristic. To these, mucus,\nunobserved-ever when post mortem examination shows the\nbile, and, perhaps, a streak or speck of blood may succeed.\nstomach filled with it-at others being measured by the quart.\nAccording to Dr. Blair, the ejecta, thus far, are of alkaline\nOccurring, generally, during the last day of life, it may com-\nreaction. Emesis may continue from first to last; but, as a\nmence as long as forty-eight hours before dissolution. The\ngeneral thing, when once the stomach has been well emptied\nvomiting, not usually difficult, is often spoken of as simple\nit becomes quiet, until some time between the second and fifth\ngulping or pumping.\nday; then, with or without an apparent exciting cause, it mani-\nWhen an abnormal state of the bowels has been noted,\nfests irritability, and a quantity of clear, pale, or opalescent\nconstipation has been the general rule. Exceptionally, cholera\nacid fluid is thrown up. This has received the name of white\nand diarrhoea have been observed. The most accurate account\nvomit. Dr. Blair looks upon this as being coincident with the\nof the alvine dejections is by Doctor Blair. He says, \" ordi-\ncleaning up, reddening and smoothing of the tongue, already\nnarily, the stools first observed were those produced by calomel\nreferred to. Exceptionally, bile may be ejected at this stage.\nand castor oil, early prescribed. These were bilious, and not\nIts appearanee may be regarded as a good prognostic element.\nworthy of particular description. Occasionally, in the early\nWhen emesis does not cease shortly after the above-men\nstages, a greater or less quantity of dark matter appeared in\ntioned characteristics have shown themselves, the white vomit\nthe evacuations - the first tangible morbid product of the\nis apt to contain small, snuff-like specks, forming a sooty sedi-\ndisease, and highly diagnostic of the first stage. It is black,\nment-this is the commencement of black vomit, which may,\nas after taking preparations of iron, or blackish brown, or\nnow, be confidently looked for. This well known fluid, of bad\ngray and pultaceous.\" After cessation of these melanotic\nomen, has received much consideration of late years. It is not\n(homatoidin) stools, the dejections become of a dirty grey\nalways black, but has been noted as being \" dark, dark coffee\ncolor, abilious, liquid, and on standing, deposit a sediment, re-\ncolor, dark chocolate, and dark green.\" In some cases it is\nvealing, to the microscope, crystals of uric acid, and of the"
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