Ask the Scholar

{
    "localId": "24325425",
    "label": "Report S: Hints for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, in Camps, Transports, and Hospitals",
    "core": "doc",
    "dtoType": "document",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425"
}

{
    "id": "24325425",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Report S: Hints for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, in Camps, Transports, and Hospitals",
    "description": "This item is an essay that provides advice regarding the control and prevention of infectious diseases in camps, transports, and hospitals. Diseases referred to include smallpox, measles, typhus fever, cholera, and yellow fever.",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "collections": [
        "Records of the American National Red Cross",
        "Reports, Essays, and Other Issuances"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/25/3254/24325425/content/dc-metro/anrc/6014936/box-1/hd1-105422032-001-ac.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/25/3254/24325425/content/dc-metro/anrc/6014936/box-1/hd1-105422032-001-ac.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/25/3254/24325425/content/dc-metro/anrc/6014936/box-1/hd1-105422032-001-ac.jpg",
    "imageCount": 19,
    "hasImages": true,
    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
}

{
    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "naId": 24325425,
    "levelOfDescription": "item",
    "productionDates": [
        {
            "logicalDate": "1863-01-01",
            "year": 1863
        }
    ],
    "recordType": "description",
    "ocrSource": "nara-archive"
}

{
    "seq": 3,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/25/3254/24325425/content/dc-metro/anrc/6014936/box-1/hd1-105422032-003-ac.jpg",
    "mediaId": "ffc22025ed9aba86",
    "ocrText": "6\n7\nEvery military\nofficer should un-\nspecial measures required for sanitary protection under the\nto theoretical and mooted questions. And the purpose of\nThese hints to\nderstand the ap-\nmeet exigencies\nplication of such\nvarious circumstances of exposure to disease, and to the\nthese pages will be fully attained, if they furnish such service. in the military\nmeasures.\ninconveniences of army life. With this view, we submit the\ntimely and practical suggestions as the hygienic exigencies\nfollowing practical hints upon the means of arresting and\nDesign of this\nof hospitals and crowded military quarters continually de-\npaper.\npreventing the prevalence of infectious diseases in camps,\nmand.\nbarracks, transports, and hospitals.\nThe infectious maladies to which we shall particularly\nClassification\nThe several diseases to which particular reference will be for the\npurpose\nallude, are among the most strongly characterized of the\nmade, in these pages, may, for the practical ends we have\nof this paper.\nzymotic diseases, and, with the exception of a single group,\nin view, be considered in three classes, viz :\nthe specific poisons upon which they respectively depend\nThe poison of\ninfectious diseas-\nare unquestionably capable of being communicated from\nes, , how commun-\njeated, and how\nthe persons sick to persons uninfected. And in the excep-\nSMALL-Pox,\nExanthemators contagions ; spread by\nClass I.\ntransported.\ntional group, in which we place certain very fatal maladies,\nMEASLES,\ncommunication with the diseased person,\nSCARLATINA,\n-mediately, or immediately.\nthe infecting poison is, in some instances, susceptible of trans-\nportation by porous substances, or vessels with contaminated\nair, acting as the media or vehicles of such transmission or\nTYPIIUS FEVER,\nContingently contagious and infec-\nClass II.\ntious diseases perpetuated and\ntransportation. But, without entering upon elaborate de-\nHOSPITAL GANGRENE,\nspread both by personal and en-\nEvery infec-\nfinitions, it is sufficient that we comprehend the fact that\ndemic conditions of hygienic ne-\ntious disease de-\npends upon spe-\nevery infectious disease depends practically upon certain\nERYSIPELAS,\nglect.\ncial conditions\nfor its activity\ndiffusion.\nor specific conditions for its activity, and for the communica-\ntion or spread of its infectious cause, whether to individuals\nTYPHOID FEVER,\nEndemic infections, caused and per-\nClass III.\nThose condi- or communities. The most essential of these conditions are\npetrated by external localizing con-\ntions are within\nhuman control.\nprimarily within human control, and to such conditions\nASIATIC CHOLERA,\nditions ; and diffused as well as\nonly does the design of this paper permit us to refer. But\nlocalized by the neglect of personal\nYELLOW FEVER,\nand local hygienic measures.\nwe do not lose sight of the fact that there sometimes exist\ngeneral epidemic influences, the nature and cause of which\nare not fully comprehended or controlled by science, and\nThe FIRST CLASS comprises the more important ex-\nThe exanthem-\natous diseases.\nEpidemic influ-\nanthematous infections. It is conceded that all these, as\nence.\nthat diseases which primarily depend upon such influences,\nmay not at all times be completely submissive to human\npersonally communicable poisons, or contagions, are suscept-\nible of limitation and control by means of domestic or per-\nagency. But there is good reason for believing that the\nDomestic quar-\nsonal isolation of the sick, and of the things and places in- antine\nor isola-\nmaterial agencies by which even the most epidemic types\ntion.\nThe localizing\ncauses of epidem-\nof disease are localized and rendered positively infectious,\nfected by them but experience shows that such isolation, to\nic diseases to*be\ncontrolled or\npre- may be controlled, anticipated, and prevented, by properly\nbe effective, especially if in the presence of strongly local-\nvented.\nizing conditions, or epidemic influences, must be vigilantly\nThe more im-\ndirected sanitary measures.\nand intelligently managed. Though the essential primary\nportant where lo-\nAs it is the sole design of this paper to set forth in a prac-\ncalizing a d\ncauses of the exanthematous fevers are yet unknown, we\nendemic influen-\nces exist.\ntical way the facts upon which effectual measures may rea-\nThe practical\nsonably be based for controlling the infectious maladies\nmay, for all practical purposes, regard it as an ultimate fact\nthat they are spread by communication with the infected\nThe diffusion of\nobject of this pa-\nthat most afflict armies and recruits, we propose to give to\nthese contagions\ner. .\nand sick pereons,-mediately or immediately.\nby the sick.\nthese facts the plainest possible statement, without reference"
}