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-22- many instances, it was observed, limitations on the employment of women are a form of social progress, and where women have special needs they must be singled out for separate action, as in the case of protective legislation. 39. Nevertheless, the majority of conferees argued that a real case could be made for the existence of actual discrimina- tion against women in employment today. Among the examples cited were: well qualified women are often recommended but - and seldom chosen for higher administrative jobs in education, a field which they dominate at the lower levels; where women are selected for jobs, discrimination often persists in the form of salary differentials, removal of privileges usually associated with the job, or circumscribed policy-making functions; employers will frequently go out of their way to find reasons for not hiring the best qualified person who happens to be a woman, and will often hire a mediocre or second rate man instead. The number of women thus affected, it was observed, may not be large because such policies relate primarily to higher level, policy-making jobs. The consequences- 1n terms of failing to develop incentives for women and in maintaining a system of differential treatment based on irrelevant considera- tions of sex--are much broader. Several of the conferees indicated that it would be extremely helpful if the Council's work contributed to a clearer identification of the relevant and irrelevant considerations which bar women from certain jobs today.

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