Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
441102582
label
The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
441102582
contentType
document
title
The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
citationUrl
collections
White House Office, Office of the Staff Secretary: Records of Paul T. Carroll, Andrew J. Goodpaster, L. Arthur Minnich, and Christopher H. Russell
Alphabetical Subject Files
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
441102582
levelOfDescription
item
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
6f633758995fc495
ocrText
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
WASHINGTON 25, D. c.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
John
I wil ack
JAN 1 8 1961
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
As you remarked in your gracious letter accepting my
resignation, our Nation has taken great strides in nonmilitary
defense. That this has been so is due in large measure to your
inspiring leadership, particularly through your promulgation
of the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization.
Since the Plan was issued in October 1958, all of its annexes
have been completed, additional supporting documents developed,
and, most importantly, the Plan put into practice a.s the basis
for planning and readiness activities by all levels of government.
I sincerely believe the Nation to be better prepared as a result
of the Plan and its consequent application.
Divent D. Elsenhower REPRESENT
BEL
In remembrance of this accomplishment, and of your personal
support during the past eight years, all the personnel of the
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization join with me in pre-
senting to you this volume of the National Plan for Civil Defense
and Defense Mobilization and its annexes.
Leo A. Hoegh
THE NATIONAL PLAN
for
Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
UNITED
The Dwight of
Executive Office of the President
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
THE NATIONAL PLAN
for
Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
. Library BUL
Executive Office of the President
OFFICE OF DEFENSE AND CIVILIAN MOBILIZATION
October 1958
Promulgation
It is the clear and unequivocal position of the United
States that conflict and disagreement among nations should
not be resolved by the use of force. The United States will
continue through all available channels to attempt reso-
lution of disagreements by all means that will allow peace
with honor. Nevertheless, SO long as direct or indirect
aggression is used as an instrument of national policy by
any nation, common prudence requires that every effort be
made to protect the people of the United States by both
active and passive means of defense.
Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization are vital parts
of the Nation's total defense.
The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense
Mobilization is promulgated in accordance with the pro-
visions of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, other appli-
cable laws and executive orders.
The Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization,
shall manage and direct the civil defense and defense
mobilization programs of the United States.
The Dwight D.
Agencies of the Executive Branch of the Federal
Government shall plan, prepare and undertake actions for
the execution of this Plan as assigned by the Director.
Periodic testing of plans and programs developed in
conformance with this Plan shall be conducted and reports
on readiness conditions shall be submitted to the Director.
President
[iii]
Preface
This Plan establishes national nonmilitary courses of
action and the role of the Federal Government, the States,
their political subdivisions and the people to deter aggres-
sion, and in the event of aggression to enable the Nation
to survive, recover and win.¹
The Plan anticipates three principal contingencies:
1. International tension, but not of such extreme
nature as to require the invocation of full emergency
authorities
2. Limited war, defined as a situation in which United
States forces are engaged overseas, but in which there is
no immediate expectation of nuclear attack on the conti-
nental United States
3. General war, including massive nuclear attack.
It is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changes
in international relations, techniques and materiel of war-
fare and to other pertinent factors.
The National Plan is a statement of principles, respon-
sibilities, requirements and broad courses of action, sup-
ported and amplified by annexes. While other documents
concerning civil defense and defense mobilization will be
issued as necessary, each will be subordinate to and com-
patible with this Plan.
1 For courses of action to meet conditions arising from major natural
disasters, see Annex 40, NATURAL DISASTER MANUAL.
[iv]
Contents
Page
PREFACE
iv
INDEX OF ANNEXES
vii
I. PLANNING BASIS
1
A. International Tension
1
B. Limited War
1
C. General War
2
II. MISSION
2
III. RESPONSIBILITIES
3
A. Federal Government
3
B. State Governments
3
C. Local Governments
3
D. Industry
3
E. The Public
4
IV. ORGANIZATION
4
A. Federal
4
B. State and Local
5
C. Channel of Coordination
6
V. FUNCTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF LIFE
AND PROPERTY
7
The Dwight D.
A. Continuity of Government
7
B. Public Information and Education
7
C. Reduction of Vulnerability
7
D. Warning of Attack
8
E. Preparations for Damage Assessment
9
F. Communications
10
G. Maintenance of Government, Law and
Order
12
H. Disaster Services
13
I. Emergency Protection from Delayed or
Unconventional Weapons Effects
15
[v]
VI. FUNCTIONS FOR MOBILIZATION AND
Page
MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AND
PRODUCTION
17
A. Development and Maintenance of Essential
Resources
18
B. Reserves of Consumer End Products
19
C. Protection of the National Industrial
Plant
19
D. Preparations for Resource Mobilization and
Management
20
E. Exercise of Authorities and Controls
21
F. Management of Resources After Attack on
the Continental United States
22
G. Management of Facilities After Attack on
the Continental United States
26
VII. SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS
28
A. Research and Development
28
B. Training and Education
28
C. Federal Assistance
29
D. Review, Tests and Inspection
29
E. Maintenance of the National Plan
30
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
31
[vi]
Index of Annexes
1. Planning Basis
2. Individual Action
3. Organization for Civil Defense and Defense Mobiliza-
tion
4. Authorities for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
5. Federal Delegations and Assignments
6. Federal Emergency Procedures
7. Role of the Military
8. Preparations for Continuity of Government
9. Public Information
10. National Shelter Plan
11. Protection of Essential Facilities
12. Controlled Movement
13. Warning
14. Damage Assessment
DWIENT The D. Elsenhown
15. Communications
16. Maintenance of Law and Order
17. Disaster Services
18. National Medical and Health Plan
19. Mass Care and Assistance
20. Registration and Information
21. National Fire Protection Plan
22. Clandestine and Unexploded Ordnance Defense
23. National Radiological Defense Plan
[vii]
24. National Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense
Plan
25. Maintenance of Essential Resources
26. Protection and Continuity of the National Industrial
Plant
27. Emergency Financial Controls
28. Management of Emergency Production
29. Emergency Distribution and Consumption Controls
30. National Manpower Plan
31. National Food Plan
32. National Water Plan
33. National Energy and Minerals Plan
34. National Transportation Plan
35. Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities
36. Research and Development
37. Training and Education
38. Federal Assistance
39. Review, Tests and Inspection
40. Natural Disaster Manual
41. Summary of Annexes
[viii]
THE NATIONAL PLAN
for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
I. Planning Basis 1
Three contingencies most directly affecting civil defense
and defense mobilization are international tension, limited
war and general war.
A. International Tension
It is assumed that periods of extreme international
tension may occur. In such cases, when the President or
the Congress finds that the national security demands the
invocation of extraordinary authority for civil defense
programs short of the declaration of a civil defense emer-
gency, civil defense, and defense mobilization measures
would be accelerated.
B. Limited War
0 DIMERT Library 1141
It is assumed that limited wars may occur in various
parts of the world. Depending on size of forces involved,
duration of hostilities, kinds of weapons used and degree of
U. S. involvement, such limited wars may require degrees
of mobilization of U. S. resources, production and man-
power, and acceleration of U. S. nonmilitary defense as a
matter of prudence.
1 See Annex 1, PLANNING BASIS.
483101 0-58-2
[1]
C. General War
It is assumed, in the absence of international agree-
ment, that weapons employed in an attack against the
United States would be predominantly of multimegaton
yield. The use of biological and chemical agents is possible.
Delivery systems in the next few years would be pre-
dominantly man-operated, with a resulting probable maxi-
mum tactical warning of initial attack of three hours for
the Nation as a whole; thereafter, delivery systems would
be predominantly unmanned, with maximum tactical warn-
ing of initial attack reduced to one-half hour for the Nation
as a whole. AT ANY TIME DURING THIS PERIOD,
ATTACK COULD COME WITH NO TACTICAL
WARNING.
Strategic warning is a possibility.
II. Mission
The national defense objective is to deter either limited
or general war or, if deterrence fails, to prosecute the war
successfully and recover from it.
Within this objective, and as an integral part of the
total defense of the Nation, the mission of civil defense and
defense mobilization is
1. Protection of life and property by preparing for and
by carrying out nonmilitary functions to prevent, minimize,
repair and recover from injury and damage.
2. Mobilization and management of resources and pro-
duction.
[2]
III. Responsibilities
All citizens and governments at all levels, by virtue of
their inherent obligation to support the common defense,
are jointly responsible for the civil defense and defense
mobilization of the Nation.
A. Federal Government
The Federal Government is responsible for direction
and coordination of the total national effort.
B. State Governments
The government of each State is responsible for the
direction and coordination of the civil defense and defense
mobilization activities of the State and its political sub-
divisions.
C. Local Governments
The government of each political subdivision is respon-
D.
sible for the direction and coordination of the civil defense
and defense mobilization activities of that subdivision.
BUL
D. Industry
The leaders of industry, agriculture, labor and financial
institutions are responsible, in cooperation with appropriate
government agencies, for planning and executing measures
designed to assure the continued functioning, or rapid
restoration to functioning, of the essential elements of the
national economy.
[3]
E. The Public
Individuals and families are responsible for sustaining
themselves in an emergency and for contributing to the
general survival and recovery effort.2 Professional, labor,
service, religious, civic and social organizations are respon-
sible for making such contributions to the preparation for
and assurance of national, State or community survival as
may be possible.
IV. Organization
A. Federal 4
1. The Director commands the Office of Civil and De-
fense Mobilization (OCDM) and, acting for the
President, coordinates and directs the civil defense
and defense mobilization activities of the Federal
Government.
2. The head of each Federal department and agency,
coordinated by the Director, OCDM, plans and
conducts such civil defense and defense mobilization
activities as are inherent in its normal responsibilities,
or as may be assigned by the Director, OCDM.5
All agencies having resources or competence related
to civil defense and defense mobilization programs
assist the agencies having primary responsibilities.
2 See Annex 2, INDIVIDUAL ACTION.
3 See Annex 3, ORGANIZATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILI-
ZATION.
4 See Annex 4, AUTHORITIES FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILI-
ZATION.
5 See Annex 5, FEDERAL DELEGATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS, and Annex 6,
FEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.
[4]
3. The field organization of OCDM is composed of
regional offices, each commanded by a Regional
Director, who in his region acts for the Director.
4. The Regional Director, OCDM, coordinates and, in
appropriate circumstances, directs the civil defense
and defense mobilization activities of Federal agency
field establishments within his region.
5. The Regional Director coordinates the civil defense
and defense mobilization activities of the States in
his region. At the request of the State government,
or in event the State government is unable to act,
the Regional Director will direct such State activities.
Field establishments of other Federal agencies main-
tain technical liaison with State and local counter-
parts, under arrangements approved by the Regional
Director and the State concerned.
6. Military Support."
B. State and Local
1. The chief executives of State and local governments
direct the civil defense and defense mobilization
activities within their jurisdiction. With the assist-
ance of their civil defense staffs, the chief executives
will direct the performance of emergency functions
The Dwight
within the regularly constituted government struc-
ture, augmenting it where needed.
2. States and localities are organized for civil defense
and defense mobilization as prescribed by their
governments, except that where States are charged
6 See Annex 7, ROLE OF THE MILITARY.
483101 0 58 3
[5]
with, and agree to carry out, responsibilities delegated
by the Federal Government, the State and local
organizations will conform to requirements prescribed
by the Director.
C. Channel of Coordination
The civil defense and defense mobilization channel of co-
ordination is established, down which will be transmitted in-
structions and up which requests for assistance will be made.
THE PRESIDENT
Secretary
DIRECTOR
Secretary
Atomic Energy
of State
OCDM
of Defense
Commission
Foreign
OTHER FEDERAL
Areas
AGENCIES
REGIONAL
Zone of Interior
OCDM OFFICES
Armies
Interstate
FEDERAL AGENCY
Target Areas
FIELD ESTABLISHMENT
STATES, TERRITORIES, AND POSSESSIONS
COUNTIES, CITIES, AND OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Key:
Direction
Coordination
Technical Liaison
[6]
V. Functions for Protection of Life
and Property
A. Continuity of Government
The Federal Government and the governments of the
States and their political subdivisions, in order to insure
their continuity in the event of attack or other disaster, will
1. Establish and promulgate lines of succession to official
positions.
2. Provide for the safekeeping of essential records.
3. Establish control centers and alternative sites for
government emergency operations.
4. Provide for the protection and maximum use of
government personnel, resources and facilities.
B. Public Information and Education
Each government will conduct programs of public
information and education on attack effects and proper
responses for the persons residing within its jurisdiction,
with the objective of providing every person with the
knowledge essential for survival.⁸
The Dwight D
C. Reduction of Vulnerability
Consistent with resources available or to be made
available, and in conformity with established national
policy, each government will supplement individual and
7 See Annex 8, PREPARATIONS FOR CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT.
8 See Annex 9, PUBLIC INFORMATION.
[7]
family preparations by planning and executing programs
related to
1. Public shelters and protective devices.®
2. Hardening, dispersal and duplication of essential
production, distribution and service facilities.¹⁰
3. Controlled movement of people and materials, the
development of reception areas for evacuees and
homeless persons, and stockpiling of survival needs
in or near these areas.¹¹
D. Warning of Attack12
1. Source. The primary source of attack warning is the
North American Air Defense Command. (OCDM
Attack Warning Officers are stationed at NORAD
installations to receive and relay warning informa-
tion.)
2. Dissemination.
a. The Federal Government will provide attack
warning information to all States and, in accord-
ance with Federal-State arrangements, directly to
political subdivisions on the National Warning
System.
b. State and local governments, with the financial
and technical assistance of the Federal Govern-
ment, will provide for the dissemination of attack
warning to the public.
9 See Annex 10, NATIONAL SHELTER PLAN.
10 See Annex 11, PROTECTION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES.
11 See Annex 12, CONTROLLED MOVEMENT.
12 See Annex 13, WARNING.
[8]
3. Action on Warning.
a. Governments and the public will take such action
on receipt of warning as is prescribed by the
government involved.
(1) Evacuation or dispersal ¹³-Target cities and
other areas near assumed targets will, if time
and conditions permit, execute plans for evac-
uation or dispersal to prepared reception areas.
(2) Shelter "-If time and conditions do not per-
mit evacuation, full advantage will be taken
of existing shelter, and fallout protection will
be improvised.
(3) THE ACTION TO BE TAKEN IS A
LOCAL DECISION.
b. Where outdoor warning signals are used to warn
the public, they will consist only of
(1) The "ALERT" signal-A 3 to 5-minute steady
blast or tone, meaning "attack is probable-
take action as directed by local governments."
(2) The "TAKE COVER" signal-A 3-minute
warbling tone or a series of short blasts mean-
ing "attack is imminent-take cover imme-
diately in the best available shelter."
E. Preparations for Damage Assessment 15
Each government will design, construct and maintain
DWIRT The D. Eisenhower KIBISTA
in operating condition systems capable of providing rapid
and reasonably accurate estimates of
1. The anticipated and existing location and degree of
attack effects, especially radiological contamination.
13 See Annex 12, CONTROLLED MOVEMENT.
14 See Annex 10, NATIONAL SHELTER PLAN.
15 See Annex 14, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT.
[9]
2. What has survived the attack and is useful for
recovery.
F. Communications
1. Operational Communications
a. National communications system-The Federal
Government will maintain at all times, reasonably
secure from attack effects, communications
(1) Within and among Federal agencies having
emergency responsibilities and
(2) Between the Federal Government and the
States.
b. State and local communications-State govern-
ments will maintain at all times, reasonably
secure from attack effects, for their emergency
operations, communications
(1) Among State agencies having emergency re-
sponsibilities and
(2) Between State governments and their political
subdivisions.
Local governments will maintain communications for
their emergency operations.
The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services
(RACES) will provide essential communications for
regional, State and local use to augment normal communi-
cations or to substitute for them if necessary. (RACES
will comply with Federal Communications Commission
regulations governing CONELRAD.)
16 See Annex 15, COMMUNICATIONS.
[10]
2.
Communications With the Public
a. Emergency means-As the situation permits, and
subject to emergency powers of the Director, all
existing means of communications not required to
support military operations will be used (in accord-
ance with Conelrad regulations).
(1) Pre-Conelrad-Prior to the invocation of Con-
elrad, civil authorities will use all broadcasting
facilities-AM and FM radio and television
and all emergency means-to give emergency
instructions and information.
(2) Conelrad-The Commander of NORAD is
responsible for ordering the radio alert which
puts the Conelrad plan into effect.
As soon as possible, the participating AM stations
will return to the air on the approved maximum
power and broadcast vital information and in-
structions to the public on the Conelrad fre-
quencies of 640 or 1240 kilocycles. FM and TV
stations will remain off the air for the duration of
the radio alert.
(3) Post-Conelrad-After the Conelrad radio alert
has been terminated by the NORAD Com-
mander, civil authorities will use all surviving
The L Dwight D.
civilian-owned means of broadcasting, calling
on military communications support if neces-
sary.
b. Priorities of use in emergency-Instructions and
information relating to measures to support mili-
tary operations and to save life have priority over
all other information and instructions.
[11]
G. Maintenance of Government, Law and Order 17
1. State and Local
a. Local government is the basic entity responsible
for the emergency maintenance of law and order.
b. State law enforcement forces will support local
police services in emergency as the situation
allows. States will exercise general control and
provide services in areas where the local govern-
ment is unable to act. Requests for additional
police support will not be made to the Federal
Government until State and local police are, or
are expected to be, inadequate to cope with the
situation.
2. Federal
a. Upon request of the State government, or in
event the State government is unable to act, the
Federal Government will assume and exercise all
necessary government functions during an emer-
gency in areas where it is determined that gov-
ernment organizations have been rendered in-
capable of performing vital functions.
b. Upon request, the Secretary of Defense will pro-
vide emergency military aid to the civil authority
to assist in the maintenance of law and order, to
the extent that such commitment will not inter-
fere with the conduct of primary military mis-
sions.¹⁸
17 See Annex 16, MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER.
18 See Annex 7, ROLE OF THE MILITARY.
[12]
C. Federal agencies having responsibilities for per-
forming, or assisting in the performance of, State
and local government functions will be familiar
with relevant State and local plans.
H. Disaster Services 19
1. General
States and their political subdivisions, with the
financial and technical assistance of the Federal
Government, will accumulate necessary supplies and
equipment and recruit and train personnel in disaster
services. The Federal Government will acquire and
store limited quantities of supplies and equipment
for disaster service operations as a general reserve.
Disaster services include, but are not limited to,
a. Casualty care and emergency public health 20
b. Emergency welfare services 21
c. Rescue
d. Debris clearance
e. Fire protection 22
f. Decontamination 23
2. Emergency Procedures
a Library BUL
a. State and local
(1) Local governments will direct the movement of
populations away from danger areas, commit
disaster forces under their control as required by
19 See Annex 17, DISASTER SERVICES.
20 See Annex 18, NATIONAL MEDICAL AND HEALTH PLAN.
21 See Annex 19, MASS CARE AND ASSISTANCE, and Annex 20, REGISTRA-
TION AND INFORMATION.
22 See Annex 21, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION PLAN.
23 See Annex 23, NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PLAN.
[13]
the situation, evaluate their capabilities and
notify the State of deficiencies or excess capa-
bilities. In accordance with prearranged State
and national plans, notification may also be
made to the field offices of appropriate Federal
agencies. Due consideration will be given to
the continuing requirements for disaster services
in emergency commitment actions.
(2) The State, in turn, will evaluate the total situa-
tion within the State, direct the movement of
populations away from the danger areas and
commit State disaster forces, including those
made available by invocation of interstate com-
pacts, as indicated by the situation.
(3) Field offices of appropriate Federal agencies will
assist the States in providing disaster services.
States will also use, where appropriate, resources
of non-governmental organizations such as the
American National Red Cross, the American
Medical Association and the American Hospital
Association.
(4) When State capabilities are deficient, requests
for needed support will be made to the OCDM
Regional Director. Capabilities excess to the
needs of the States will also be reported to the
Regional Director when requested. Where pre-
arranged State and national plans exist, requests
for support and reports of excess capabilities
may be made to field establishments of appro-
priate Federal agencies.
[14]
b. Federal
Federal disaster service capabilities will be made avail-
able to augment State and local resources as soon as pos-
sible when not required for emergency activities of the
Federal Government. An appropriate portion of the total
of Federal disaster services materiel will be committed
only for reestablishment of a minimum level of regular
community disaster capability for the surviving population.
I. Emergency Protection from Delayed or Unconventional
Weapons Effects
1. Clandestine and Unexploded Ordnance.
a. State and local-State and local forces will con-
duct reconnaissance for unexploded ordnance
within their jurisdictions and report the existence
of such ordnance to the closest Department of
Defense Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit or
Z. I. Army Commander through the OCDM
D.
Regional Director. State and local authorities
DIMER
will provide for restriction of areas and protection
641
of persons from such ordnance, including execution
of plans for evacuation to safer areas, until
arrival of the responsible explosive ordnance per-
sonnel. State and local authorities will assist
such personnel when requested.
b. Federal-The Federal Bureau of Investigation
will investigate reported incidents of clandestinely-
introduced weapons. The Department of De-
24 See Annex 22, CLANDESTINE AND UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE DEFENSE.
[15]
fense, through its Explosive Ordnance Disposal
Units, will disarm atomic weapons and dispose of
other unexploded weapons. The Atomic Energy
Commission will take custody and dispose of
fissionable materials of unexploded ordnance.
2. Radiation 25
a. State and local
Local authorities will monitor the areas for
radiological contamination, identify the degree
and location of the radiological hazards, report
such hazards to the public and to the State and,
if conditions require, execute plans for evacuation
to safer areas. States will monitor, accumulate
data on, evaluate and summarize the total radio-
logical situation in the State, advise the general
public of the State and inform the OCDM Re-
gional Director.
b. Federal
OCDM will direct the Federal radiological
program.
The Weather Bureau, Department of Com-
merce, under the general direction and coordina-
tion of the Director, will make fallout forecasts
available to State and local governments. All
Federal agencies having requisite capabilities will
monitor radiation levels and furnish data to civil
defense agencies-Federal, State and local-as re-
quired.
25 See Annex 23, NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PLAN.
[16]
3. Biological and Chemical Agents 26
a. State and local-State and local governments will
detect, identify and control chemical and biologi-
cal warfare agents within their jurisdiction, advise
the public, report the situation to other govern-
ments and, if conditions require, execute plans for
evacuation to safer areas.
b. Federal-Under the direction and coordination
of OCDM, the Department of Health, Education
and Welfare will direct Federal activities con-
cerned with the nonmilitary detection, identifica-
tion and control of chemical and biological war-
fare against humans. The Department of Agri-
culture will direct Federal nonmilitary activities
concerned with chemical and biological warfare
against animals and crops.
VI. Functions for Mobilization and Manage-
ment of Resources and Production
Most resource mobilization and management functions
listed below are normally Federal responsibilities, although
under conditions of a devastating attack the States would
The D. Eisenhower
have to assume responsibility for resource management
until effective Federal authority could be restored. The
Federal Government will establish criteria for resource use
and management in the interest of national equity.
26 See Annex 24, NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE DE-
FENSE PLAN.
[ 17]
A. Development and Maintenance of Essential Resources 27
1. The Federal Government is responsible for determin-
ing and, under appropriate circumstances, taking
steps to assure the existence and availability of
resources necessary for expanding, maintaining or
restoring production and distribution processes essen-
tial to civil defense and defense mobilization. Such
resources will consist of raw materials, finished goods,
facilities, essential services and manpower required
for the production and distribution of
a. Military materiel
b. Atomic weapons, materials, and equipment
c. Domestic needs for capital and consumer goods
and services
d. Assistance to foreign areas
2. The Federal Government will stimulate the develop-
ment and maintenance of reserves of such essential
resources through programs for
a. Increasing inventories of such resources by State
and local governments, private industry and indi-
viduals
b. Maintaining Federal stockpiles of such resources,
to the extent needed to supplement other inven-
tories, in forms and at places most suitable to
ultimate use
c. Preallocating emergency production and distribu-
tion contracts to insure, wherever practicable,
sufficient indications of government intent
27 See Annex 25, MAINTENANCE OF ESSENTIAL RESOURCES.
[18]
d. Developing substitutes for essential resources un-
available from domestic sources
e. Developing original domestic sources for essen-
tial resources
f. Expanding existing productive capacity and the
production and supply of materials and facilities
essential to production and distribution
g. Controlling exports to, and imports from, foreign
areas.
B. Reserves of Consumer End Products
The Federal Government will determine and, in appro-
priate circumstances, take measures to accumulate, store
and assure the availability of essential consumer end prod-
ucts expected to be temporarily unavailable in sufficient
quantity from existing private and commercial stocks or
from new production.
C. Protection of the National Industrial Plant 28
The Federal Government will contribute to the reduc-
tion of the vulnerability of the national industrial plant to
overt or covert enemy action through programs for
1. Physical protection, including dispersal of industrial
facilities (see also Part V., C.)
D.
2. Continuity of industrial management during emer-
DIMENT
OHL
gency
3. Maintaining multiple sources of supply for mobiliza-
tion requirements
4. Stimulating voluntary agreements among industries
and industry members to provide for expeditious
28 See Annex 26, PROTECTION AND CONTINUITY OF THE NATIONAL INDUS-
TRIAL PLANT.
[19]
combinations or exchanges of resources during emer-
gency.
D. Preparations for Resource Mobilization and Management
1. In accordance with the nature and degree of various
possible emergency conditions, the Federal Govern-
ment will continuously assess the ability of the
national economy to meet all requirements stated
under VI. A. 1., will develop programs for emergency
control of the economy, and will prescribe the emer-
gency roles and responsibilities of State and local
governments, private industries and the individual.
2. Programs for preparing to control the national
economy will include, but not be limited to,
a. Money and credit, and the entire financial system,
with the objective of optimum support of mobili-
zation, survival and recovery 30
b. Production, with the objective of optimum use of
the national industrial plant 31
c. Distribution, with the objective of
(1) Meeting emergency requirements with avail-
able supplies
(2) Facilitating national recovery
d. Consumption, with the objective of conserving
available supplies and applying them in the
29 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS; Annex 28, MANAGE-
MENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION, and Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION
AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.
30 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS.
31 See Annex 28, MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION.
32 See Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.
[20]
manner best designed to achieve national survival
and recovery.83
E. Exercise of Authorities and Controls 34
1. The Director, as directed by the President, will
exercise authorities and controls necessary to obtain
required goods and services to stabilize the economy.
Such authorities and controls will be planned to
meet various contingencies such as the circumstances
incident to attack or the declaration of a limited,
national or civil defense emergency.
2. Economic control will require the use of such meas-
ures as will be effective under the terms and condi-
tions of emergency. Such measures will include,
but not be limited to,
a. Continuation, alteration or cessation of govern-
ment or private activities concerned with, or inci-
dent to, operation of the economy
b. Construction or modification of facilities
C. Allocation of goods and services, including the
rationing of consumer items
d. Requisition or condemnation of real and personal
0
property
Dwight
e. Prohibition against the unwarranted accumula-
JUL
Ligisty
tion, conversion or use of real and personal prop-
erty
33 See Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.
34 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS; Annex 28, MANAGE-
MENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION, and Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION
AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.
[21]
f. Freezing, controlling or specifying wages, salaries,
rents and prices
g. Effective use of scarce skills
F. Management of Resources After Attack on the Continen-
tal United States
1. Responsibilities
a. Public 8$-Individuals and families will be pre-
pared to exist on personal stocks of survival items
in homes and shelter areas for two weeks following
attack.
b. State and local-Cities, counties and States will be
prepared to exist on consumer items and essential
equipment immediately available to their respec-
tive jurisdictions for a minimum of four weeks
following attack.
c. Federal 36-The Federal Government will be pre-
pared to assist the States, political subdivisions
and individuals as soon as possible following
attack after meeting military and other essential
Federal requirements. Federal stockpiles and
other resources available to the Federal Govern-
ment for survival purposes will be planned for
allocation to States on the basis of need, after the
fourth week following attack. To the extent
permitted by the situation, the Federal Govern-
ment will continue to institute controls necessary
to the management of all essential resources in
the national interest.
35 See Annex 2, INDIVIDUAL ACTION.
36 See Annex 6, FEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.
[22]
2. General Procedures 37
a. Local
(1) Commercial stocks in the hands of retailers
will automatically be available to local gov-
ernments to supplement local stockpiles.
Wholesaler and manufacturer inventories and
State and Federal stockpiles will be utilized
by local governments on the basis of prear-
ranged plans endorsed by the State and Fed-
eral Government agencies concerned. Plans
for requisitioning will include reimbursement
provisions.
(2) As soon as possible following attack, local
governments will provide for accumulation,
control and distribution of goods and services
essential to the maintenance of life and prop-
erty and preservation of government.
(3) When local resources (including those made
available at nearby support communities) are
exhausted, or will not meet the need, requests
è
of local governments for assistance will be
DIME
made to the State. Requests by local govern-
148
LIBITY
ments to Federal agencies for assistance will
be made only under prearranged plans ap-
proved by the State and by the OCDM
Regional Director.
37 For detailed procedures for the emergency administration of specific
resources see Annex 30, NATIONAL MANPOWER PLAN; Annex 31, NATIONAL
FOOD PLAN; Annex 32, NATIONAL WATER PLAN; Annex 33, NATIONAL ENERGY
AND MINERALS PLAN, and Annex 34, NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN.
[23]
b. State
(1) As soon as possible after attack, the State
will exercise general coordination and direc-
tion over resources within its borders except
where, in accordance with prearranged State
and national plans, such resources have been
specifically reserved for control by appropri-
ate Federal agencies. On the basis of relative
needs, determined according to established
standards, the State will fill local requests for
assistance from resources under State con-
trol, including stockpiled materials, or those
available from other States.
(2) Each State will keep the OCDM Regional
Director informed of critical resources com-
mitted within the State or across the State
lines and of resources in excess of the State's
needs. The Regional Director will provide
resource information to field installations of
appropriate Federal agencies. The commit-
ment of resources will be as follows:
(a) Within an intrastate mutual-aid perim-
eter, automatically to an attacked area
or on request of attacked city
(b) Within an attacked State, other than the
above situation, upon the order of the
State
(c) Across any state line, upon the basis of
prearranged plans coordinated by the
[24]
Regional Director or upon request to and
direction from him.
(3) Requests for support will be made to the
OCDM Regional Director when required re-
sources are not available within the State or
from appropriate Federal agencies in accord-
ance with prearranged plans.
(4) The OCDM Regional Director will, when
required as a matter of national interest,
direct the States to modify or suspend pre-
arranged plans in order to provide for the
release and/or reconsignment of resources.
c. Federal 38
(1) Subject to the above procedures for State
and local action, OCDM, through the appro-
priate Federal agencies, will control goods
and services available for civilian use and the
distribution of goods required to meet essen-
tial consumer requirements. State and local
governments may be utilized to exercise, as
agents of the Federal Government, authority
over inventories of designated kinds of goods
in the hands of certain industries and whole-
a
salers.
Dwight
(2) The heads of Federal departments and agen-
The
cies having normal jurisdiction over resources
not previously assigned to emergency activi-
ties of the Federal Government will cause
38 See Annex 6, FEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES, and Annex 29, EMER-
GENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.
[25]
such classes of these resources, as specified
from time to time by OCDM, to be
(a) Inventoried, classified and reported to
the Director
(b) Made available for assignment to Federal
emergency activities
(c) Made available, in the case of field estab-
lishments, to the governments of States
in which they are located, unless required
for an immediate mission of the Federal
establishment or where commitment will
impair the national interest. States will
be advised preemergency as to the prob-
able availability of these resources.
G. Management of Facilities After Attack on the Continen-
tal United States 39
1. LOCAL-Local officials will identify those public facili-
ties (such as radio stations, roads, sewerage systems
and airports) and utilities (such as water, electric
power and gas) essential to the continued life of the
community. They will direct, through appropriate
departments of local governments, repair and res-
toration of vital public facilities and utilities and the
order in which essential needs for local service
should be met. If locally available materials or
manpower are inadequate for such needs, mutual
assistance arrangements with other local govern-
39 See Annex 35, EMERGENCY ADMINISTRATION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES;
Annex 32, NATIONAL WATER PLAN; Annex 33, NATIONAL ENERGY AND MIN-
ERALS PLAN, and Annex 34, NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN.
[ 26 ]
ments will be invoked. Utility systems will make
known mutual assistance arrangements to the gov-
ernment entities concerned. Such arrangements will
be invoked to furnish service for essential needs.
Requests for Federal assistance will be made through
the State unless other arrangements approved by the
State exist.
2. STATE-State governments will assist the local gov-
ernments in the repair and restoration of public
facilities essential to statewide emergency activities
and allocate available utility service within the
State where conflicts between localities in the use of
the service arise. The State will modify its regula-
tions on utility operations to the extent necessary to
facilitate restoration of service within the State and
in other States.
3. FEDERAL-The Federal Government will
a. Identify those resources, including industrial facil-
ities, utilities and services essential to the mainte-
nance and operation of the national economy
b. Allocate such resources where necessary
c. Resolve conflicts SO that the most essential na-
tional requirements will be met
Dwlahi D. The Eisenhower LIBITED
d. Exercise priorities and allocation and requisition-
ing authority in order to expedite and direct the
flow of such resources to meet national require-
ments
e. Take necessary actions (such as ordering inter-
connection of utility systems) to assure maximum
effectiveness in use of interstate resources
[ 27 ]
f. In areas where it has equipment and trained man-
power which would be useful in restoration of
public facilities and utilities, make such resources
available if they are not needed for duties of
equal or greater essentiality.
VII. Supporting Functions
A. Research and Development
1. The Federal Government will fund, maintain and
support a complete and coordinated research and
development program to determine optimum meth-
ods, materiel and facilities for the civil defense and
defense mobilization of the United States. The pro-
gram will be coordinated by OCDM.
2. This program will include, but not be limited to,
subject matter on weapons effects (including sociolog-
ical and psychological effects); passive defense tech-
niques; operational systems for identifying, comput-
ing and transmitting operational data; resource data
accumulation, analysis and use; and equipment de-
sign and use.
3. Financial contributions to States for the conduct of
programs of applied research on problems unique to
their jurisdiction or to those of their political sub-
divisions will be provided if adequately justified.
B. Training and Education
OCDM will stimulate and conduct, when necessary,
programs of civil defense and defense mobilization training
40 See Annex 36, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
41 See Annex 37, TRAINING AND EDUCATION.
[28]
and education. Contributions to the States and their
political subdivisions for training and education activities
will be made available. The objectives of these programs
are:
1. To assist governments at all levels to obtain opera-
tional readiness in emergency
2. To provide every person with information and in-
struction essential for survival and recovery.
C. Federal Assistance 42
The Federal Government will furnish such technical,
financial and material assistance to States and their political
subdivisions and to private organizations as is permitted
by law and is necessary for the civil defense and defense
mobilization of the United States. This includes, but is
not limited to,
1. Use of technical personnel
2. Grants-in-aid, loans and tax benefits
D
3. Transfer of surplus property
Dwight
BUL
D. Review, Tests and Inspection 43
1. Civil defense and defense mobilization plans of Fed-
eral departments and agencies, those State and local
plans financed in whole or in part by the Federal
Government, and programs based on such plans
will be continually reviewed by the Director for
adequacy and for conformance with this National
Plan.
42 See Annex 38, FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
43 See Annex 39, REVIEW, TESTS AND INSPECTION.
[ 29 ]
2. The Director will arrange and supervise, as he
deems advisable, tests and exercises for purposes of
evaluating and improving civil defense and defense
mobilization readiness.
3. The Director will determine standards of mainte-
nance and use and will supervise inspection of civil
defense and defense mobilization equipment and
facilities financed in whole or in part by the Federal
Government.
E. Maintenance of the National Plan
The Director will provide for continual review of the
National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization,
revise it as necessary to assure that it is complete, accurate
and current at all times and require such reports as will
keep him advised on progress and program status. Any
proposals for changes in the Plan should be submitted to
the Director.
[30]
Glossary of Terms
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS-Living organisms or their products
capable of causing death, disability or damage to man, animals
and crops.
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS-Chemicals in the form of solids,
liquids or gases capable of causing death, disability or damage.
CIVIL DEFENSE-Activities and measures designed or undertaken
(1) to minimize the effects upon the civilian population which
would be caused by an attack upon the United States or by a
natural disaster, (2) to deal with the immediate emergency con-
ditions which would be created by any such attack or disaster
and (3) to effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency
restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged
by any such attack or disaster.
CLANDESTINE ORDNANCE-Destructive devices covertly assembled
in or introduced into this country.
CONELRAD-A plan to deprive the enemy of electromagnetic radia-
tion as an aircraft navigational aid without depriving the public
of standard broadcast radio as a source of news and instruction.
a Library The
This system permits emergency broadcasting on 640 or 1240
kilocycles in areas served by standard broadcast stations author-
ized to operate during the CONELRAD (Radio Alert) period.
DECONTAMINATION-The process of reducing the hazard associated
with an object or area by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing,
making harmless or removing chemical, biological, radiological
or toxicological agents clinging to or around it.
DEFENSE MOBILIZATION-The employment of government and the
national economy for meeting essential civilian and military
requirements.
DIRECTOR-Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization,
Executive Office of the President.
FALLOUT-The return to the earth's surface of particles made radio-
active and thrown into the air by a nuclear explosion. The
term also applies to the contaminated particles themselves.
[31]
FEDERAL AGENCY FIELD ESTABLISHMENTS-Offices, installations or
representatives of the Federal Executive Branch of Government
(including those normally under the direction of, but not neces-
sarily a formal part of, the Executive Branch) not located at
the seat of government or constituting or designated as a National
Headquarters.
HARDENING-Reducing the vulnerability of a structure, device or
system by strengthening its material components or otherwise
increasing its physical protection against deliberate, accidental
or natural damage or wear.
INTERSTATE COMPACT-Agreement between two or more States to
commit supplies, materials, equipment or forces to each other to
alleviate the effects of attack.
INTERSTATE TARGET AREA-Any metropolitan complex or other
attack objective situated in two or more States.
INTRASTATE MUTUAL-AID PERIMETER-Boundaries of a geographical
area agreed upon by the State and between two or more political
subdivisions within the State for purposes of planning for the
exchange of supplies, materials, equipment or forces to each other
to alleviate the effects of attack.
MONITORING-The procedure or operation of locating and measuring
radioactive contamination by means of survey instruments which
can detect and measure (as dose rates) ionizing radiations. The
individual performing the operation is called a monitor.
POLITICAL SUBDIVISION-Any county, city, town or other local
government of any State, Territory or Possession of the United
States.
RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION-The deposit of radioactive material
on the surfaces of structures, areas, objects, animals or persons
following a nuclear explosion. This material generally consists
of radioactive fallout in which fission products and other bomb
debris have become incorporated with particles of dirt, etc.
REGIONAL DIRECTOR-Director of one of the regional offices of the
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization.
[ 32 ]
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958 O-483101