Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
441106135
label
The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, Annexes #1-3
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
441106135
contentType
document
title
The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, Annexes #1-3
citationUrl
collections
White House Office, Office of the Staff Secretary: Records of Paul T. Carroll, Andrew J. Goodpaster, L. Arthur Minnich, and Christopher H. Russell
Alphabetical Subject Files
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
441106135
levelOfDescription
item
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
22102ef5776b5822
ocrText
Appendix 1
(Annex 2-Individual Action)
Individual
and Family
Preparedness
a Library onl
NP-2-1
National Plan Appendix Series
Executive Office of the President
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
The National Plan Appendix series amplifies annexes to The National
Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization. Each appendix is associated
specifically with one of the National Plan annexes. This appendix supple-
ments Annex 2, "Individual Action."
This is a revision of NP-2-1, "Individual and Family Survival Require-
ments," issued in November 1959. Information in this appendix was pre-
viously issued in Advisory Bulletin No. 234, "Individual and Family Survival
Requirements," dated March 30, 1959, which is rescinded.
NOVEMBER 1959
(Revised May 1960)
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY PREPAREDNESS
That
"Civil defense and defense mobilization is the re-
B. In addition to the destruction of target areas
sponsibility of every citizen. The individual must
by the blast and heat effects of thermonuclear weap-
be capable of caring for himself in an emergency
ons, radioactive fallout contamination could im-
and contributing to the organized community sur-
mobilize the citizenry for days or weeks in much
vival effort. Similarly, the family unit trains and
of the remaining part of the Nation. The National
prepares to solve its own emergency problems (in-
Plan therefore states:
cluding home preparedness) and to assist others in
"Individuals and families will be prepared to exist
need."-The National Plan
on personal stocks of survival items in homes and
Purpose
shelter areas for 2 weeks following attack."
OCDM recommends that Federal, State, and local
Basic Survival Needs
governments use all available media to inform the
A. Important survival requirements for individ-
public of the importance of self-help, and to urge
uals and families are: Shelter from radioactive
that all persons prepare for survival in emergencies.
fallout, a 2-week supply of food and water, cook-
The protective actions described in this appendix
ing and eating utensils and equipment, fuel, cloth-
are for the guidance of State and local governments
ing, bedding, first aid supplies, special medicines
in carrying out this recommendation. Publications
(if required by chronic illness), sanitation sup-
issued to the general public will contain more de-
plies and equipment, and a battery-powered radio.
tailed instructions on some of the specific subjects
covered.
B. Survival items should be stored in the home
Planning Basis
shelter, or if not there, in some convenient place
where they can be quickly moved to the shelter or,
A., The protective actions recommended for fami-
where selected items can be easily carried to the
lies and individuals are vital in carrying out the
car in case of evacuation.
provisions of The National Plan for Civil Defense
and Defense Mobilization under which all govern-
Protective Actions
ments and citizens will operate in the event of enemy
For civil defense preparedness, people must:
attack. Concerning the contingency of general war,
the National Plan states:
Be Alert
"It is assumed, in the absence of international
The first warning, in case of attack, will probably
agreement, that weapons employed in an attack
come by radio, television, or local warning devices.
against the United States would be predominantly
Be on the alert for such a warning, particularly
of multimegaton yield. The use of biological and
during periods of acute international tension.
chemical agents is possible. Delivery systems in the
Know the Warning Signals
next few years would be predominantly man-op-
Learn the warning signals and what they mean.
erated, with a resulting probable maximum tactical
The signals are:
warning of initial attack of 3 hours for the Nation as
1. The "ALERT" signal-a 3- to 5-minute
a whole; thereafter, delivery systems would be pre-
steady blast or tone, meaning take action as di-
dominantly unmanned, with maximum tactical warn-
rected by local government.
ing of initial attack reduced to one-half hour for
a. Tune your AM radio to a CONELRAD fre-
the Nation as a whole. AT ANY TIME DURING
quency (640 or 1240) for official directions.
THIS PERIOD, ATTACK COULD COME WITH
b. Proceed according to your community's emer-
NO TACTICAL WARNING.
gency action plan.
"Strategic warning is a possibility."
c. Do not use the telephone.
1
2. The "TAKE COVER" signal-a 3-minute
it would provide more shielding. To the extent that
warbling tone or series of short blasts meaning take
time permits (it may take an hour or more for fall-
cover immediately in the best available shelter.
out to reach your home) and dense shielding ma-
a. If in a building and there is no prepared
terials are readily available, you can improvise shel-
shelter, go into a basement or to an interior first-
ter in a selected area of your home. To improvise
floor room and lie face down on the floor. Stay in-
for fallout protection, stack dense shielding materi-
side until you get word that you can leave safely.
als (e.g., solid concrete blocks, sandbags, bricks)
around your shelter area (e.g., a basement corner),
b. If outdoors or in a car, go to the nearest
place supports across the top, and cover with dense
shelter.
material.
c. If you cannot reach a shelter, lie flat on the
3. Lacking a prepared shelter or sufficient warn-
ground face down, or open the windows and crouch
ing to improvise one before arrival of fallout, you
on the floor of the car.
should seek the best cover available. Away from
Know the Community Plan for Emergency Action
your home or other buildings, you could obtain
Know the emergency plans and actions of your
substantial protection in tunnels, mines, and some
local government. Learn how they affect you and
culverts, especially if the openings could be closed
how you can cooperate to make them more effective.
to exclude radioactive dust.
For example, learn the evacuation routes to recep-
4. Be prepared to make a fallout shelter your
tion areas, how radioactive fallout information is
home for 14 days or longer. In areas of very light
disseminated, and what to expect in billeting dis-
fallout, shelter occupancy time may be as little as
placed persons.
one day. In areas of heavy fallout, it may be as
Know Where To Get Welfare Assistance
much as 14 days or more, but occupants probably
After enemy attack, report to the nearest welfare
could spend some time outside the shelter after the
office as soon as possible when your local authorities
first few days.
report that it is safe to do so. The welfare office will
Increase Home Food Stocks
be the source of information concerning survivors
1. After a thermonuclear attack, a most difficult
and disaster conditions, the means for contacting
task of survivors will be that of obtaining food
friends and separated family members, and the place
and water without overexposing themselves to fall-
where you can learn how to obtain the specific as-
out radiation. This fact emphasizes the importance
sistance you may need.
of keeping on hand at least a 2-week supply of food
Prepare a Fallout Shelter
and water. This supply can mean the difference be-
(See Supp. "B" for the National Policy on
tween life and death. During emergencies, stored
Shelters.)
food and water should be used conservatively to
1. Prepare a home shelter for protection from
prevent wasting them or exhausting them too rapidly.
radioactive fallout. The major requirement of such
Your hot water heater is a good emergency source
a shelter is that the top and sides be covered with
of water. If refrigerators or deepfreeze units become
enough dense material (e.g., concrete, earth) to
inoperable, the food in them should be used first. By
shield the occupants from penetrating gamma radia-
opening them only once daily, you can keep remain-
tion. Other requirements include proper entrance
ing food in them from spoiling for a reasonable time.
design, ventilation, adequate space, and sanitation
If you do not already keep a 2-week food supply
facilities. Five family fallout shelters are described
in your home, increase it accordingly at once.
in the OCDM booklet, The Family Fallout Shelter,
Maintain it continuously by one of the following
(MP-15).
methods:
2. If you have not already prepared a home
a. Increased current food stock.-This method
shelter before an attack comes, you will find it dif-
merely means that you keep a 2-week supply of
ficult to improvise one that will provide sufficient
food on hand. It is no different from the food that
protection-particularly if fallout becomes heavy in
you normally use in preparing your daily meals.
your community. An inner hallway of your home
You just make sure that there is always sufficient
would offer some protection. A basement corner
food to last for 2 weeks by replacing the food as
would be more effective because the earth around
you use it.
2
b. Shelter reserve food supply.-This method
a. Communications
out
means that you always keep a 2-week supply of food:
Obtain a battery-powered radio for use in the
stored in your family shelter. Processed foods
home shelter. Store extra batteries for it in a dry,
should be selected for storage that are precooked
cool place, and rotate by usage. Check it for recep-
and can be consumed directly from the package, if
tion through the shelter shielding material, and keep
necessary, either cold, or warmed if facilities permit.
it in operational condition. In the event of nuclear
(See supp. "A", Shelter Reserve Food Supply.)
attack, a shelter radio will be essential for obtaining
c. Food kits and multipurpose foods
official information on conditions outside the shelter
(1) A number of companies are marketing
and the advisability of leaving the shelter.
special food kits designed to sustain one or more
b. Food and Water
persons for a given number of days. The kits are
(1) Always keep at least a 2-week supply of
readily portable, easily stored, and are advertised
food and water on hand. In seeking shelter or
to have a shelf-life in excess of the food products
evacuating, take as much food and water as pos-
normally in commercial channels.
sible with you.
(2) Specially prepared dehydrated foods, food
(2) The minimum water required for drinking
concentrates, and multipurpose foods designed for
and food preparation is 1/2 gallon per person
long storage are also available commercially.
per day. It should be stored in clean containers,
Generally these products are not designed to serve
preferably jugs, bottles, or jars with tight-fitting
as complete meals for long periods, but are used
covers. The water should be stored in a dark place
as food extenders and fortifiers. Most dehydrated
to retard the growth of algae. The containers
and concentrated products require reconstitution
should be emptied, rinsed, and refilled at least
by the addition of hot water.
once every 3 months so that the water will always
be fresh and palatable. (If the water is not re-
Be Prepared To Evacuate-if You Live in
placed this often, its taste and appearance may
a "Target Area"
change, but it will still be safe to use for many
1. If you have an automobile, keep it in good
months.)
running order, keep the fuel tank at least half full,
(3) Water purification tablets should be included
and keep the battery fully charged. Your automobile
in the emergency supplies.
is your best means for evacuating if you are ad-
(4) Additional water may be obtained from hot-
vised to do so; its radio, tuned to CONELRAD
water tanks, toilet tanks, and refrigerator ice.
(640 or 1240), can bring you survival instructions
c. Equipment for Cooking and Serving
and fallout warnings; and, with its vents and win-
Keep the following equipment readily available:
dows closed, it offers some protection from radio-
One or 2 cooking pans; disposable tableware; paper
active fallout while you are driving to better shelter.
plates, cups, and napkins; measuring cup; bottle and
2. Take with you essential survival items packed
can opener; pocket knife; matches; a small, com-
in boxes, suitcases, or other suitable containers.
pact cooking unit which produces a small flame and
Take as much of the total supply as possible.
uses little oxygen from the air. Since any flame uses
oxygen, foods not requiring cooking are preferable
List Emergency Actions and Survival Items
in shelters.
1. When the warning sounds, every second will
d. Fuel for Warmth
count toward survival. Complying with the com-
Provide emergency supplies of suitable heating
munity's emergency action plan-moving into shel-
material for warmth in cold weather in case regular
ter with supplies, or evacuating to a safer location-
heating facilities are disrupted. Emergency fuel sup-
must then be automatic and immediate.
plies could be particularly valuable after the imme-
2. To act efficiently, individuals and families
diate emergency has passed, but before regular utili-
should prepare a list now of the supplies they will
ty service has been restored.
need and the actions they, will take. Every house-
e. Clothing and Bedding
hold member should understand the list, review it
Keep sufficient blankets and clothing on hand to
frequently, and know where to find it. The following
provide the necessary seasonal warmth required by
summary is a guide for preparing the list:
each person.
3
f. First Aid and Medical Supplies
such miscellaneous items as candles, flashlight and
(1) Maintain a first aid kit fully stocked with
batteries, clock, and calendar.
regular items; keep on hand adequate supplies
k. Other Essential Equipment
of special medicines and equipment for the sick
Citizens radiation meters will be of value in lo-
or chronically ill (e.g., insulin and hypodermic
cating that portion of the home which offers the best
needles for diabetics).
(2) In a war emergency, trained medical per-
protection against fallout. Also, they will aid you
sonnel will be in great demand. You must be pre-
in determining when it is safe to leave your shelter.
pared for self-sufficiency in emergency health
One set of instruments (a dosimeter, simple rate
treatment. At least one member of each family
meter, and a charger), which meets OCDM specifi-
should be trained in first aid and home care of
cations, is now available at relatively low cost.
the sick and injured. The American National Red
OCDM continues to sponsor research aimed at de-
Cross (ANRC) offers two courses, "Standard
veloping even better and more inexpensive citizens
First Aid" and "Care of the Sick and Injured,"
instruments.
in many communities. Arrangements for taking
Citizens gas masks, when available, will help pro-
these courses should be made through the local
tect you from chemical and biological weapons
civil defense offices or chapters of ANRC.
effects.
g. Sanitation
Know First Aid
Provide sanitation supplies such as covered cans
for garbage, containers with tight-fitting lids for
At least one member of each family should take
human wastes, a receptacle that can be used as a
the American Red Cross First Aid course. Have
toilet, newspapers, paper bags, paper towels, toilet
a first aid kit in your shelter.
tissue, clean rags, sanitary napkins, soap or deter-
Know How To Use CONELRAD
gents, disinfectants, and insecticides.
Over your radio at 640 or 1240 (CONELRAD
h. Infant Care
stations) you will receive official directions and in-
For babies and small children, keep on hand a
structions in the event of an attack.
supply of the following: Special foods, (e. g., pow-
dered formula mixture, evaporated or powdered milk,
Be Self-Reliant
canned baby foods), baby bottles and nipples, and
1. In addition to protective actions already out-
disposable diapers. Consider the need for storing
lined, you should prepare to rely on your own ini-
additional water for the special care of children.
tiative in eliminating fire hazards; rescuing yourself
i. Spiritual and Morale Support
from entrapment in private structures and shelters;
Provide a Bible and/or other appropriate reli-
clearing debris from your premises; and maintaining
gious articles; games, books, toys, and suitable
law and order by cooperating with law enforcement
amusements for children; and books, magazines,
officials.
and other suitable items for adults.
2. If you escape adverse affects from enemy at-
j. Tools and Miscellaneous Items
tack, or when you have successfully overcome them,
Keep available such tools as a shovel, crowbar,
report to your local government officials for assign-
axe, wrench, screwdriver, hammer, and pliers; and
ment to emergency recovery jobs.
4
SUPPLEMENT A
Appendix 1
(Annex 2-Individual Action)
SHELTER RESERVE FOOD SUPPLY
Select foods that store easily, keep for months without refrigeration, are easily pre-
pared, and require little or no cooking.
Foods canned in metal and glass will stay in good condition for 6 or more months
if kept in a dry place, protected from sun and dust, and kept at a fairly cool tempera-
ture-preferably not above 70° F. or below freezing. To keep food in paper boxes
as long as 6 months, place them in tightly closed metal cans or cabinets and store
them under the dry, cool, clean conditions specified for canned foods, so that rodents
and insects are not likely to attack them.
It is good practice to rotate foods in cans at least once or twice a year and foods in
paper boxes (without added protection) at least every 3 months. This will ensure hav-
ing a reserve supply of food that is good-tasting. As food on the reserve shelf is used
for meals for unexpected company and the family, replace it, putting the older stocks
a
in front of the new supply.
If required, include special milk or strained, chopped, or other special foods for in-
The
L
fants, toddlers, older persons, diabetics, invalids, and others on a special diet.
Cans and jars in sizes which will meet family needs for only one meal each are best
for meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, evaporated milk, and other foods which de-
teriorate rapidly, unless refrigerated, after the container is opened. This also helps to
eliminate the problem of leftovers.
The quantities of food shown on the attached "Guide For Shelter Reserve Food Sup-
ply" are sufficient for one adult for 2 weeks. Choose the kinds of food that fit the
needs and preferences of family members. If the family consists of four adults with
moderate food needs, store four times the amount of food suggested in the guide.
Teenagers may need as much or more food and young children may need less food
than the amounts given in the guide.
1 Prepared by the Institute of Home Economics, U.S. Department of Agriculture
5
TABLE 1-Guide for shelter reserve food supply
Kind of food
Need per person
Remarks
Daily
2 weeks
1. Milk
Equivalent of 2
Equivalent of 7
Each of the following is about the equivalent of one
glasses (fluid)
qts. (fluid)
quart of fluid milk:
Three 6-oz. cans of evaporated milk.
One 14½ oz. can of evaporated milk.
Three to 3½ ozs. of nonfat dry milk.
2. Canned meat,
2 servings
28 servings
Amounts required for one serving of each food are
poultry, fish,
(about 8 to
as follows:
dry beans, and
9 lbs.)
Canned meat, poultry, fish-2 to 3 ozs.
peas
Canned mixtures of meat, poultry, or fish with
vegetables, rice, macaroni, spaghetti,
noodles, or dry beans-8 OZS.
Thick soups containing meat, poultry, fish,
or dry beans or peas-one-half of a
101/2-oz. can (condensed).
3. Fruits and
3 to 4 servings
42 to 56 servings
Amounts required for one serving of each food
vegetables
(about 21 lbs.
are as follows:
canned)
Canned juices-4 to 6 ozs., single strength.
Canned fruit and vegetables-4 ozs.
Dried fruit-1½ ozs.
4. Cereals and
3 to 4 servings
42 to 56 servings
Amounts required for one serving of each food are
baked goods
(about 5 to
as follows (selection depends on extent of
7 lbs.)
cooking possible):
Cereal: Ready-to-eat, puffed-1/2 oz.
Ready-to-eat, flaked-3/4 oz.
Other ready-to-eat and uncooked—1 oz.
Crackers, cookies-1 oz.
Canned bread, steamed puddings, and
cake-1 to 2 OZS.
Flour, flour mixes—1 oz.
Macaroni, spaghetti, noodles:
Dry- oz.
Cooked, canned-6 ozs.
5. Spreads for
According to family practices
Examples:
bread and
crackers
Cheese spreads.
Peanut and other nut butters.
Jam, jelly, marmalade, preserves.
Sirup, honey.
Apple and other fruit butters.
Relish, catsup, mustard.
6. Hydrogenated
Up to 1 lb. or
Amount needed depends upon extent of
fats and
1 pt.
cooking possible.
vegetable oils
6
TABLE 1-Guide for shelter reserve food supply-Continued
Kind of food
Need per person
Remarks
Daily
2 weeks
7. Sugars, candy,
1 to 2 lbs.
nuts, instant
puddings
8. Miscellaneous
According to family practices
Examples (amount needed depends on extent of
cooking possible):
Coffee, tea, cocoa.
Instant, dry cream substitute.
Bouillon products.
Synthetic beverage products.
Salt and spices (e.g., pepper).
Flavoring extracts, vinegar.
Soda, baking powder.
9. Water
1/2 gal.
7 gals.
The Dwight O.
7
8.20
SUPPLEMENT B
Appendix 1
(Annex 2-Individual Action)
By direction of The President, the National Policy on Shelters was announced on May 7, 1958, by Leo.
A. Hoegh, Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization.
The text of the policy statement follows.
D.
NATIONAL POLICY ON SHELTERS
The
The Administration has conducted exhaustive
(d) How to carry out radiological decontamina-
studies and tests with respect to protective measures
tion; and
to safeguard our citizens against the effects of nuclear
(e) What governments-Federal. State, and local
weapons. These several analyses have indicated that
-are themselves doing about fallout protection.
there is a great potential for the saving of life by
2. Initiate a survey of existing structures on a
fallout shelters. In the event of nuclear attack on
sampling basis, in order to assemble definite infor-
this country, fallout shelters offer the best single
mation on the capabilities of existing structures to
nonmilitary defense measure for the protection of
provide fallout shelter, particularly in larger cities.
the greatest number of our people.
Many facilities, such as existing buildings, mines,
Furthermore, a nation with adequate fallout pro-
subways, tunnels, cyclone cellars, etc., already afford
tection is a nation which would be more difficult to
some fallout protection. Action will be taken to
successfully attack. This fact alone would substan-
accurately determine the protection afforded by all
tially lessen the temptation of an aggressor to launch
such facilities in order to make maximum use of
an attack.
them.
The Administration's national civil defense policy,
3. Accelerate research in order to show how fall-
which now includes planning for the movement of
out shelters may be incorporated in existing, as well
people from target areas if time permits, will now
as in new, buildings-whether in homes, other pri-
also include the use of shelters to provide protection
vate buildings, or governmental structures. Designs
from radioactive fallout.
of shelters will be perfected to assure the most eco-
To implement this established policy, the Admin-
nomic and effective types.
istration will undertake the following action:
4. Construct a limited number of prototype shel-
1. Bring to every American all of the facts as to
ters of various kinds, suitable to different geographi-
the possible effects of nuclear attack, and inform
cal and climatic areas. These will be tested by actual
him of the steps which he and his State and local
occupancy by differing numbers of people for real-
governments can take to minimize such effects.
istic periods of time. They will also have practical
The present civil defense programs for information
peacetime uses. Some of the prototype structures
and education will therefore be substantially ex-
will be incorporated in:
panded in order to acquaint the people with the
(a) Underground parking garages.
fallout hazard and how to effectively overcome it.
(b) Understreet shelters.
The public education program will include informa-
(c) Subways.
tion on:
(d) The Federal highway program-patrol and
(a) Nuclear weapons effects on people, plants,
maintenance facilities.
and animals;
(e) Additions to existing schools and new schools,
(b) The provision of effective fallout protection,
including such facilities as cafeterias, assembly space,
how to construct a fallout shelter, and how to im-
and classrooms.
provise effective shelter;
(f) Additions to existing hospitals and new hos-
(c) Necessary measurés for the protection of food
pitals, including such facilities as cafeterias, visitors'
and water;
and convalescent rooms, and reserve areas.
9
(g) Industrial plants.
tively preventing an enemy from striking intended
(h) Commercial buildings.
targets. Highest priority is to be given to the de-
(i) Family residences and apartments, including
velopment of this capability.
such facilities as bathrooms, garages, basements, and
Common prudence requires that the Federal Gov-
recreation rooms.
ernment take steps to assist each American to pre-
5. Provide leadership and example by incorporat-
pare himself-as he would through insurance-
ing fallout shelters in appropriate new Federal build-
against any disaster to meet a possible-although
ings hereafter designed for civilian use.
unwanted-eventuality. The national shelter policy
6. Provide leadership and example by incorporat-
is founded upon this principle.
ing fallout shelter in appropriate existing Federal
This approach will provide the stimulation neces-
buildings now used for civilian purposes.
sary for the American people to make preparations
Federal example is an indispensable element to
for fallout protection. The Federal Government will
stimulate State, local government, and private in-
also work with State and local governments and with
vestment for fallout shelters. Community use of
private industries to expedite and facilitate the pro-
shelters in these new buildings is contemplated.
vision of fallout shelter.
There will be no massive federally financed shelter
The Administration believes that when the Ameri-
construction program.
can people fully understand the problem that con-
With reference to blast shelters there are still diffi-
fronts them, they will rise to meet the challenge, ás
cult questions, having to do with the amount of
they have invariably done in the past. This is par-
time that would be available to enter the shelters, the
ticularly true now that the national policy has been
uncertainty of missile accuracy, and the effectiveness
declared, backed up with Federal example, Federal
of our active defense. There is no assurance that
leadership, and Federal guidance. The President has
even the deepest shelter would give protection to a
directed me to put this policy into effect.
sufficient number of people to justify the cost. In
Protection of our people is not new in the United
addition, there may not be sufficient warning time
States. When a free America was being built by our
in view of the development of missile capabilities to
forebears, every log cabin and every dwelling had
permit the effective use of blast shelters.
a dual purpose-namely, a home and a fortress. To-
Our chief deterrent to war will continue to be
day, the citizen should be called upon to make the
our active military capability. Our active military
same contribution as our forebears-not for building
defense may eventually have the capability of effec-
a free America, but for sustaining a free America.
10
GPO 1960-551619°
THE NATIONAL PLAN
for
Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
Annex 2
INDIVIDUAL ACTION
DWIENT The D. Elsenhower AUGUST
UNITED
Executive Office of the President
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
Preface
This annex supports and amplifies the National Plan
for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, and sum-
marizes actions necessary to be taken by individuals to
survive and to be prepared to make their proper contri-
bution to the national survival.
Documents containing detailed instructions on spe-
cific subjects will be distributed to the public from time
to time. State and local governments are expected to
supplement these materials with documents informing
and instructing the public regarding specific plans of
such governments and other matters unique to the juris-
dictions involved. Employers, including government,
have a special responsibility for providing guidance to
their employees.
The annex is published in looseleaf form in order
that pages may be added or replaced easily whenever
revisions are made.
The Dwight D.
Les Hough
Director
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Issued January 1959
[iii]
Contents
PREFACE
iii
I. GENERAL
2
II. EMERGENCY SUPPLIES AND
EQUIPMENT
2
III. FOOD AND WATER
3
IV. FAMILY AUTOMOBILE
3
V. MEDICAL CARE
4
VI. SANITATION
4
VII. FIRE PROTECTION
4
VIII. RESCUE
5
IX. CLEARANCE OF DEBRIS
5
X. EMERGENCY WELFARE
5
XI. MAINTENANCE OF GOVERNMENT,
LAW AND ORDER
5
XII. MANPOWER
5
XIII. RADIOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND
CHEMICAL WARFARE DEFENSE
6
[iv]
ANNEX 2
INDIVIDUAL ACTION
I. General
Civil defense and defense mobilization is the re-
sponsibility of every citizen. The individual must be
capable of caring for himself in an emergency and
contributing to the organized community survival effort.
Similarly, the family unit trains and prepares to solve
its own emergency problems (including home prepared-
ness) and to assist others in need. Each individual
and family should learn
A. Warning signals and what they mean
B. The community plan for emergency action
C. Protection from radioactive fallout
D. First aid and home emergency preparedness
E. Use of CONELRAD-640 or 1240 kilocycles on
AM radio-for official directions.
II. Emergency Supplies and Equipment
The Dwight D.
Each person and family must be prepared to meet
individual survival requirements for two weeks follow-
ing an attack without dependence on outside assistance.
Essential items include a battery powered radio, a flash-
light or lantern or candles and matches, food, fuel, first
aid supplies and other personal materials, such as cloth-
ing and bedding, necessary to sustain life. Strict con-
servation must be practiced to insure that these items
are not wasted, nor consumed too rapidly.
[1]
Annex 2
III. Food and Water
At least a two-week supply of food and water should
be stocked. The food supply should consist of foods not
requiring refrigeration, such as canned (heat processed),
dry and dehydrated foods in suitable containers to main-
tain quality and protect them from radioactive dust.
Much of the food supply should be edible without heat-
ing. However, certain basic ingredients such as flour,
sugar, yeast and shortening should be included.
Drinking water may develop undesirable tastes and
odors during storage. Since waters throughout the
country vary in quality, the periods of time in which
these distasteful properties may develop also vary.
Therefore, as a general rule, the stored drinking water
supply should be changed every three months, particu-
larly if, on the basis of experience, undesirable tastes,
odors or appearances have developed.
IV. Family Automobile
Every citizen should keep his car in good running
condition with gas tank at least half full, ready for use
if evacuation is ordered. Batteries should be kept fully
charged SO that the car radio can be used to receive
urgent survival instructions and fallout warnings from
local government via CONELRAD broadcast on 640 or
1240 kilocycles. Cars may provide very limited refuge
from radioactive fallout where shelters or other struc-
tures are not readily accessible. They should be used
merely as transportation to safer areas where this is
possible. The car windows, doors and vents should be
kept closed to prevent fallout material from entering.
[2]
Annex 2
Portions of the family's emergency supplies (see
Item II) should be kept in a separate durable container
for quick loading into the car. A flashlight and shovel
are useful in many kinds of disaster.
V. Medical Care
Medical care is expected to begin with the individual
and family. At least one member of each family group
should be trained in first aid and home nursing care.
VI. Sanitation
Shelter areas should have a covered can for gar-
bage, a container with tight-fitting lid for human wastes,
and a receptacle that can be used as a wash basin. A
supply of grocery bags and newspapers, useful for sani-
tary purposes, should be maintained in a location free
of fire hazards.
VII. Fire Protection
In the immediate postattack period persons in areas
under heavy nuclear attack cannot count on receiving
The D. Eisenhower
organized assistance in their individual efforts to reduce
the danger from fire.
Individuals must be self reliant in the face of fire,
improvising to help eradicate fire hazards.
VIII. Rescue
Individuals and families are responsible for know-
ing the rudiments of light rescue work so that they
may help themselves escape from private structures and
shelters. Basic tools-such as shovel, ax and crowbar
-should be kept in the shelter area.
[3]
Annex 2
IX. Clearance of Debris
Individuals and families are responsible for clear-
ance of light debris around their homes or shelter areas
when required and when safe to do so.
X. Emergency Welfare
Individuals and families decrease the welfare load
by taking steps for their own survival, maintenance and
other welfare needs during. the first two weeks follow-
ing an attack.
XI. Maintenance of Government,
Law and Order
Individuals must respect the law and cooperate with
law enforcement officers.
XII. Manpower
Persons who are able to do so shall report their
availability to local government authorities in accord-
ance with local plans. This does not apply to those with
previously assigned Federal or State emergency duties
which can be carried out. Military personnel comply
with orders of appropriate military authorities.¹
XIII. Radiological, Biological and
Chemical Warfare Defense
Individuals are responsible for learning techniques
necessary to minimize the casualty-producing effects of
radiological, biological and chemical warfare.
1See Annex 7, ROLE OF THE MILITARY.
[4]
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE O-1959
THE NATIONAL PLAN
for
Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
Annex 3
ORGANIZATION FOR CIVIL
DEFENSE AND DEFENSE
MOBILIZATION
The Dwlght D.
UNUM
Executive Office of the President
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
ИАМ ЛАЙОГТАИ
IND
3203930
Preface
This annex supports and amplifies the National Plan
for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, particularly
Part IV, Organization. It describes the general organ-
ization and organizational relationships for civil defense
mobilization within and among all levels of government.
Auxiliary documents will be issued as necessary and
will be subordinate to and compatible with this annex
and the National Plan.
The annex is published in looseleaf form in order
that pages may be replaced easily whenever revisions
are made.
be a Hough
D.
Eisenhown
Dwight
Director
BUL
Rie
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Issued May 1959
[iii] ]
Contents
PREFACE
iii
I. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
1
A. General
1
B. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
1
C. Other Agencies of the Executive Branch
6
D. The Legislative and Judicial Branches.
8
II. GOVERNMENTS OF STATES, TERRITORIES
AND POSSESSIONS
9
A. Responsibility
9
B. Organization
9
C. Relationships
10
III. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
11
A. Responsibility
11
B. Organization
11
C. Relationships
12
[iv]
ANNEX 3
ORGANIZATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE
AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
I. Federal Government Organization
A. General
Responsibility for the civil defense and defense
mobilization of the United States is vested in the Presi-
dent.
B. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
1. Responsibilities
The President has assigned the coordination
and direction of civil defense and defense mobil-
ization functions to the Director, Office of Civil
and Defense Mobilization, Executive Office of the
President.¹ The Director advises the President in
all matters pertaining to civil defense and de-
fense mobilization and is the President's chief of
staff for managing and directing the civil defense
and defense mobilization programs and activities
. DIMBER Library BUI
of the Federal Goverment and of the Nation.
OCDM's major responsibilities include
a. Coordinating such Federal plans and activities
with those of State and local governments
1See the Promulgation to the NATIONAL PLAN FOR CIVIL DEFENSE
AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION, particularly paragraph four; Annex 4,
AUTHORITIES FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILIZA-
TION, and Executive Order 10773.
2Defense mobilization programs include the mobilization of resources and
the direction of production to meet military requirements as submitted
by the Department of Defense.
[1]
Annex 3
b. Coordinating the assignment of civil defense
and defense mobilization programs to appropri-
ate Federal agencies"
c. Conducting Federal civil defense and defense
mobilization programs not suitable for assign-
ment to other Federal agencies
d. Coordinating the planning for creation of any
temporary or emergency agencies needed to
carry out such programs in emergencies.
2. Composition and Command Channel
a. National
(1) The Director commands the Office of Civil
and Defense Mobilization.
(2) The Deputy Director assists the Director in
commanding OCDM and acts for the Di-
rector when required.
(3) The Assistant Director for Plans and Oper-
ations directs the programs for Federal,
State and Local Plans; Continuity of Gov-
ernment; Emergency Community Services;
Chemical, Biological and Radiological De-
fense; Communications and Warning; and
Shelter and Vulnerability Reduction.
(4) The Assistant Director for Resources and
Production directs the programs for Eco-
nomic Stabilization; Resources Program-
ming; Telecommunications; Production and
Materials; Manpower; Transportation; and
Fuel and Energy.
(5) The Assistant Director for Training, Edu-
cation and Public Affairs directs the pro-
grams for National Organizations and
³See Annex 5, FEDERAL DELEGATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS.
[2]
Annex 3
Civic Affairs; Public Affairs; Training and
Education; and Women's Activities.
(6) The Director is assisted by several advisory
groups, principal among which are
(a) The Civil Defense Advisory Council,
established by law and appointed by the
President, from State and local govern-
ments and nongovernment fields, to ad-
vise the Director on general or basic
policy matters relating to civil defense
(b) The Civil and Defense Mobilization
Board, established by Executive order
to advise the Director on matters relat-
ing to his responsibilities and composed
of the heads of such Federal depart-
ments and agencies as designated, with
their consent, by the Director.
b. Regional
(1) The field establishment of OCDM consists of
eight Regional Offices, each headed by a
DWIENT The D. Eisenhower Light
Regional Director, who in his region acts
for the Director.
(2) The Regional Directors coordinate the civil
defense and defense mobilization activities
of the Federal agency field establishments+
and of the State and local governments
located within their regions. They shall
direct such activities when higher authority
cannot do SO or under either of these
circumstances:
This term does not include field establishments of the Department of State,
the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy Commission.
[3]
Annex 3
(a) Upon request of the Federal agency,
State or locality involved
(b) At the specific direction of the Director,
OCDM.
(3) The regions are composed of the following
States, Territories and Possessions:
Region 1-Connecticut, Maine, Massachu-
setts, New Hampshire, New Jer-
sey, New York, Rhode Island
and Vermont
Region 2-Delaware, District of Columbia,
Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Virginia and
West Virginia
Region 3-Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mis-
sissippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Canal
Zone, Puerto Rico and the Vir-
gin Islands
Region 4-Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Mis-
souri and Wisconsin
Region 5-Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mex-
ico, Oklahoma and Texas
Region 6-Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minne-
sota, Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota and Wyoming
[4]
Annex 3
Region 7-Arizona, California, Hawaii, Ne-
vada, Utah, American Samoa
and Guam
Region 8-Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Ore-
gon and Washington.
(4) Each Regional Director is advised and as-
sisted by a Regional Civil and Defense Mo-
bilization Board, composed of representa-
tives of Federal agency field establish-
ments in his region.
3. Succession to the Office of the Director
In the absence or incapacity of the Director
during an emergency he will be automatically
succeeded by the incumbent of the position first
appearing on the list below and available at an
operable point of command:
Deputy Director
Assistant Director for Plans and Operations
DWIENT The D. Eisenhower
Assistant Director for Resources and Pro-
duction
Assistant Director for Training, Education
and Public Affairs
Director, OCDM Classified Location
Executive Assistant Director, (Battle Creek,
Michigan)
Director, Region 5 (Denton, Texas)
Director, Region 6 (Denver, Colorado)
Director, Region 3 (Thomasville, Georgia)
Director, Region 4 (Battle Creek, Michigan)
Director, Region 7 (Santa Rosa, California)
Director, Region 8 (Everett, Washington)
[5]
Annex 3
Director, Region 2 (Olney, Maryland)
Director, Region 1 (Harvard, Massachusetts).
4. Point of Command
During an emergency, successive points of
command will generally parallel succession to the
Office of Director. The National Headquarters
(in Washington, D. C.), the OCDM Main Reloca-
tion Site, the Operational Headquarters (in Battle
Creek, Michigan) and the Regional Offices will be
prepared to function independently and to as-
sume the role of the National Headquarters in an
emergency. The Director or his successor will
move to and operate from that point which, in his
judgment, will best serve as OCDM National
Headquarters.
C. Other Agencies of the Executive Branch
1. Responsibilities
Each executive agency, including the inde-
pendent regulatory commissions and such tem-
porary or emergency agencies as may be formed,5
shall perform civil defense and defense mobiliza-
tion functions inherent in its normal responsibili-
ties, prescribed by law or assigned by proper au-
thority. Each shall also undertake preparations
for emergency operations, for personnel protec-
tion and for agency continuity,⁷ including
⁵Initial reliance in a sudden emergency will be placed on existing agencies.
Emergency agencies may be activated later as conditions would warrant.
6See Parts V and VI of the NATIONAL PLAN and Annexes 4, AUTHOR-
ITIES FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION; 5,
FEDERAL DELEGATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS; 6, FEDERAL
EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES, and 7, ROLE OF THE
MILITARY.
7See Annex 8, PREPARATIONS FOR CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT,
and Annex 10, NATIONAL SHELTER PLAN.
[6]
Annex 3
a. Establishment and maintenance of alternate
headquarters
b. Promulgation of lines of succession for key
positions
C. Protection of vital records, facilities and re-
sources
d. Emergency assignment and training of person-
nel, insuring full use of all personnel, facilities
and equipment for emergency operations.
2. Command Channel
a. The head of each executive agency will
(1) Direct the civil defense and defense mobil-
ization activities of his agency
a Library 141
(2) Cooperate with other agencies in carrying
out civil defense and defense mobilization
activities.
b. Under the general supervision of his agency's
national headquarters, the head of each Federal
field establishment will
(1) Direct the civil defense and defense mobil-
ization activities of his field establishment,
under the coordination and, in appropriate
circumstances," the direction of the OCDM
Regional Director
(2) Direct and coordinate selected civil defense
and defense mobilization activities of other
Federal agencies and of State and local
governments when specifically assigned to
do SO by the OCDM Regional Director
(3) Maintain technical and operational liaison
and develop prearranged plans with State
See paragraph I.B.2.b. (2) above.
[7]
Annex 3
and local government organizations as re-
quired for efficient and practicable opera-
tions.
c. Under the general supervision of the Secretary
of Defense, military commanders in the field
will participate in civil defense and defense
mobilization activities in accordance with the
provisions of Annex 7, Role of the Military.
D. The Legislative and Judicial Branches
1. Responsibilities
The survival of the Nation requires the pres-
ervation or rapid restoration of the Federal Judi-
ciary and of the Congress and the legislative
branch agencies and services. Therefore, the
Legislative and Judicial Branches should provide
or arrange for their protection against disasters
by such means as
a. Physical protection
b. Succession to Congressional membership, to
judgeships (by Presidential delegation) and to
other key legislative and court positions
C. Protection of vital records, facilities and re-
sources
d. Emergency assignment and training of per-
sonnel, insuring full use of all personnel, facili-
ties and equipment for emergency operations.
2. Actions
Measures for civil defense and defense mobil-
ization will be performed
a. Within the Legislative Branch as prescribed by
the houses of Congress and the heads of legis-
lative branch agencies and services
[8]
Annex 3
b. Within the Judicial Branch as prescribed by the
Judicial Conference of the United States or, as
appropriate, by individual courts.
3. Coordination
The Director, OCDM, will coordinate the civil
defense and defense mobilization activities
a. Of the Legislative Branch to the extent that
specific consent has been given by the house of
Congress or the legislative branch agency in-
volved
b. Of the Judicial Branch with the specific con-
sent of the Judiciary.
II. Governments of States, Territories
and Possessions
A. Responsibility
The Governor of each State, Territory and Posses-
The Dwight 0.
sion is responsible for the civil defense and defense mo-
bilization activities of his jurisdiction and of the political
subdivisions therein.
B. Organization
1. Each State is organized for civil defense and de-
fense mobilization as prescribed by the laws and
regulations of the State." The State Civil Defense
Director, or his equivalent, is the Governor's chief
of staff for civil defense and defense mobilization
and coordinates and directs for the chief executive
the civil defense and defense mobilization activi-
ties of the State.
"States" as used herein includes, where applicable, territories and pos-
sessions.
[9]
Annex 3
2. As a condition for Federal assistance, or for reim-
bursement for the discharge of functions in the
name of the Federal Government, States must
meet minimum requirements prescribed by the
Federal Government.¹" State organizations and
organizational relationships will be compatible
with the National Plan.
3. State and local governments establish, where
necessary, committees to advise on production,
distribution and use of resources in accordance
with the National Plan.
C. Relationships
1. With OCDM
States will
a. Receive guidance, assistance and, when appro-
priate, direction from the OCDM Regional Di-
rectors
b. Serve as the point of contact for their political
subdivisions with the Federal Government
c. Request assistance and obtain approval of the
OCDM Regional Directors in joint civil defense
and defense mobilization planning and opera-
tions with other States and in prearranging or
obtaining disaster assistance from other Fed-
eral agencies
d. Be prepared to carry out emergency Federal
assignments.
1°See Annex 38, FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[ 10 ]
Annex 3
2. With Other Federal Agencies
All State civil defense and defense mobiliza-
tion relationships with other Federal agencies will
be consistent with the National Plan and appro-
priate annexes and will be coordinated by the
OCDM Regional Director. This does not preclude
operational liaison directly with Federal agencies
as a matter of efficiency or necessity.
III. Local Governments
A. Responsibility
The executive head of each political subdivision is
responsible, under applicable laws and regulations of
The Library Dwight D.
the State, for the civil defense and defense mobiliza-
tion activities of his jurisdiction.
B. Organization for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization
1. Each local government is organized for civil de-
fense and defense mobilization as prescribed by
the regulations and plans of that government
and of the State government. The local Civil De-
fense Director or his equivalent is the executive
head's chief of staff for civil defense and defense
mobilization and coordinates and directs for the
chief executive the civil defense and defense
mobilization of the political subdivision.
2. As a condition for Federal assistance, or for re-
imbursement for the discharge of functions in
the name of the Federal Government, local gov-
ernments must meet minimum requirements
[11]
Annex 3
prescribed by the Federal Government." Local
organization and organizational relationships
will be compatible with the National Plan.
C. Relationships
1. With OCDM
Local governments will
a. Receive guidance, assistance and direction
from the State and, when appropriate, from the
OCDM Regional Director through the State (or
directly where he deems necessary)
b. Request assistance and obtain approval of the
State in joint civil defense and defense mobil-
ization planning with other political subdivi-
sions (approval by both the State and the OCDM
Regional Director will be required in prear-
ranging disaster assistance from other Federal
agencies)
c. Be prepared to carry out emergency State or
Federal assignments.
2. With Other Federal Agencies
Local government civil defense and defense
mobilization relationships with Federal agencies
will be consistent with the National Plan and ap-
propriate annexes and will be coordinated by the
State and the OCDM Regional Director. This does
not preclude operational liaison directly with Fed-
eral agencies as a matter of efficiency or necessity.
11See Annex 38, FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[12]
GPO 821400