Navy, July - December 1941

PSF Navy Dept. July- Dec. 1941 PSF namey Folder THE WHITE HOUSE didential WASHINGTON July 3, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT: Admiral Stark called me at 5.45 P.M.,E.D.T., and dic- tated the following: Lyle Wilson, head of the U.P. Bureau in Washington, called at 4.10 to inform the Navy Department that Senator Burton K. Wheeler, without any solicitation on the part of the newspapermen, called them in this afternoon and informed them that he had information to the effect that American troops were to embark July 23 or 24 to take over Iceland. Wilson realizes that such matters fall within the re- stricted category and is not asking permission to publish the story, which is now being held. What he desires, however, is guidance from the Navy Department as to the policy to be pursued. I have been in touch with Sumner Welles, and he agreed to the statement, which I am making, and which is as fol- lows: "For the past several months the Navy Department has neither confirmed nor denied rumors of ships movements from any sources whatsoever." Mr. Welles suggested I inform the President of the fore- going so that if the President were questioned, he would be in 8. position simply to state that he had nothing whatsoever to add to the Navy Department's statement, or that the Presi- dent might say anything else which he cared to say. W. D. H. P.S. Admiral Stark asked me to remind the President that Admiral Ingersoll will be at the Navy De- partment over Sunday. W.D.H. PSF nany Folder THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 7, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR CAPTAIN BEARDALL Will you prepare & nice letter saying "Dear Sir Roger: Paymaster Captain Woolley has Just sent me your letter and I hope to see him in a few days. I am delighted to hear of your work as Director of Combined Operations. I feel very certain, incidentally, that the words "Combined Operations" are going to mean a great deal more between our two Naval Services". Will you bring Captain Woolley in to see me for five minutes sometime this week? F. D. R. the / the MARLIE Honez THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Confillation July 10, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT: Dear "Boss": Don't you think it advisable to eliminate the second sentence of the second paragraph in the proposed draft of letter to Sir Roger Keyes? S.T.E. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 8, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT In accordance with the President's memorandum of July 7th, reply to Sir Roger Keyes' letter of June 12th, is attached. I have made arrangements through General Watson for Captain Woolley to see the President for five minutes just before lunch someday this week. Respectfully, Jones ne J. R. BEARDALL Private July 9, 1941. Dear Sir Roger: Paymaster Captain Woolley has just sent ne your letter and I hope to see him in & few days. I an delighted to hear of your work as Director of Combined Operations. I feel very certain, incidentally, that the words "Combined Operations" are going to mean a great deal more between our two Naval Services. I an looking forward with pleasure to seeing Captain Woolley, for it will afford me an opportunity to learn more about what you are doing. With every good wish, Very sincerely yours, /s/ FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes Office of the War Cabinet Whitehall, S. I. 1 Terres \ $ \ Tel: North 4425 3001 Dent Place Georgetown 2nd you July 1941 Dear Sir, RECEIVE 5 10 49 AM, 9 have just arrived from England and enclose a letter admiral of The Flect Sir Roger Keyes gave me for delivery to the President. yours very truly Hubert Wooleey The Secretary to The President. 12th June, 1941. Dran mr President I know you will remember coming to Dover in 1918 when I commanded the Dover Patrol, and will not have forgotten my visit to the White House seven years ago when Barney Baruch brought me to see you at your invitation. I remember I came away with the vivid impression that you meant to bring our two countries together if trouble threatened. The extent to which you have succeeded in doing so is a miracle and we are profoundly grateful. I venture to introduce to you Paymaster Captain Woolley who was with me in every sort of tight place during the last War - in the Dardanelles, the Dover Straits, and off the Belgian coast in 1918. He left the Navy some years ago and met a charming American lady, and is now returning to America as I feel that with his knowledge and contacts there he can best serve our Navy with its mission in Washington. For/ For the last ten months he has been my Secretary and perhaps you will give him an opportunity of telling you what I am doing in my appointment as Director of Combined Operations - which means waging amphibious warfare - and how I think our two Navies might co-operate if the occasion arises in the "Battle of the Atlantic". I am, Mr President, With great respect, yours hery hilly Rourkeyez file THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON crfi July 15, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT With reference to the President's recent request, there is forwarded herewith a memorandum containing information on current activities at the Naval Torpedo Station, Alexandria. Respectfully, J.R. BEARDALL Al. 6 PSF Many Folder IN REPLY ADDRESS BUREAU OF ORDNANCE, NAVY DEPARTMENT NAVY DEPARTMENT JUL 14 1941 AND EEI/A3 REFER TO No. BUREAU OF ORDNANCE (Pr8) WASHINGTON, D.C. From: The Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance. To: The Aide to the President. Subject: Naval Torpedo Station, Alexandria. 1. The Naval Torpedo Station, Alexandria, has been functioning as a shop of the Naval Gun Factory, but was set up as a separate activity as of 1 July 1941. 2. Alexandria is producing Mark XIV, submarine type, torpedoes. Production was started the latter part of March, 1941. At present there are 1,666 men employed in Alexandria. The torpedoes are ranged for proof at Piney Point. The complement of the barge at Piney Point is 5 officers and 120 enlisted men. No civilians are employed there. Ten houses have been erected at Piney Point for this personnel and more are projected. 3. At present Alexandria is producing 1½ torpedoes per day. A program is under way to increase facilities to enable production of parts and assembly of 4 torpedoes per day. The Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island, is contract- ing for machining of parts and sub-assemblies for both Newport and Alexandria. Deliveries are just beginning to come in on some machined parts. When this program is under way it is expected that Alexandria will assemble an additional 4 torpedoes per day, making its total output 8 per day. It is expected that Alexandria will reach a production capacity of: 2 per day by December, 1941 3 per day by May, 1942 4 per day by October, 1942 5 per day by March, 1943 6 per day by July, 1943 8 per day by December, 1943. 4. Our principal source of torpedo production, of course, is Newport, which is now producing 5 torpedoes per day, and which by sub-contracting we eventually expect to build up to at least 20 per day. W. H. P. BLANDY. CH Know Jolder / OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PSF WASHINGTON, D.C. personal fire DIVISION OF DEFENSE AID REPORTS Navy July 17, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT: As requested by you in memorandum of July 15, 1941, there is returned to you letter from Secretary Knox regarding funds obligated by the Navy Department to June 30, 1941. I have read this letter with interest and thank you for sending it to me. 8. H. BURNS, Major General, U. S. Army, Executive Officer. 1 inclosure - Ltr. 7-14-41 to President. THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON July 14, 1941 My dear Mr. President: the With reference to your letter of May 29 and to, reply to you signed by the Under Secretary of June 12, I am now pleased to advise you that this Department had made definite commitments by June 30 for the material and munitions authorized by funds appropriated to it from all sources, exclusive of Lend-Lease funds, except for the amount of $1,163,631,500. Of this sum it was impracticable to obli- gate $912,031,700 by June 30, inasmuch as the large portion of this amount covers material and munitions for ships to be completed from two to four years hence, leaving a net balance of $251,599,800, which vill be obligated shortly. A total of $786,438,458 of Lend-Lease funds were made avail- able to the Department by June 30, of which all but $302,023,806 had been obligated by that time. It was not possible to obli- gate this balance largely because specific specifications therefor had not been received from the British. Please be assured, Mr. President, that every effort has been made and will continue to be made by this Department to obligate all available funds as rapidly as possible. Very sincerely yours, Frank Knox The President The White House Franklin D. Roosevelt Library DECLASSIFIED Bot PSF: Navy DOB DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58) Date- 3-21-69 Op-12-djm Signature= RHPanks SECRET (SC)A16 In NAVY DEPARTMENT reply 082612 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON SECRET July 17, 1941. From: The Chief of Naval Operations. To : The Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Subject: Special Instructions concerning U.S. Navy Western Hemisphere Defense Plan No. 4 - (WPL-51). 1. The President, in his message to the Congress, notified the Congress that: s communications between the United States and U.S. naval bases on the one side, and Iceland on the other, would be kept open, and (b) that such communications by water would be protected against attack or threat of attack. It is obviously impossible to define "threat of attack" by the presence of a German submar- ine or surface raider a given number of miles away from a convoyed vessel. It is necessary under the conditions of modern sea warfare to recognise that the words "threat of attack" may extend to reasonably longer distances away from a convoy, ship, or ships. 2. It thills seems clear that the very presence of a German sub- marine or raider on or near the line of communications, and near to or ap- proaching United States or Iceland ships, constitutes threat of attack. 3. Therefore, the presence of any German submarine or raider under such circumstances, should be dealt with by action looking to the elimination of such "threat of attack." 4. It should be made clear to your command that: (a) The United States and Iceland are in agreement that the United States is engaged in the protection of Iceland against German occupation, for the broad objective of Western Hemisphere de- fense; (b) That in maintaining this protection, sea and air communications between the United States and Iceland must of necessity be fully protected also. - 1 - Serial 062612 SECRET SECRET 5. The only changes in the plan in other parts of the Atlantic Ocean have to do with the question of darkening ship at night, which is now required, and the avoidance of interference or intervention in belligerent action, which is no longer in force. The Chief of Naval Operations has deem- ed it necessary to change both these provisions. 6. You are requested to maintain 4b liaison officer at Halifax and at Berwarda in order to facilitate necessary exchange of information. 7. You are requested to inform the Chief of Naval Operations, by despatch, as soon as the Atlantic Fleet is ready to execute Western Hemisphere Defense Plan No. 4 (WPI-51). H. R. STARK. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library DECLASSIFIED 000 DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58) Date- 3-21-69 Signature- RHBanks - 2 - PSF Mary Folder THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 18, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR ADMIRAL STARK: I have been very much in- terested in reading this report. Many thanks for letting me see it. F.D.R. Returned report of the recent aerial reconnaisaance of the east coast of Greenland, together with a complete set of the photographs taken during the reconnaissance; also a copy of a report with photos, taken on a flight around Iceland by officers of the reconnaissance party. PSF name Folder In reply refer to Initials and No. file. mel Op-10-MD NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON July 22, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT You recall asking me about aircraft on the BIS- MARCK and the PRINCE EUGEN:- Each ship is believed to have had four planes. Each ship is known to have been equipped with hangars with its aircraft. No German ship-borne aircraft was sighted at any time by the British. The RODNEY reported specifically that it did not see any aircraft on board; and it will be recalled that the RODNEY closed the BISMARCK to about three thous- and yards. Of course, this is no assurance that there were no aircraft on board, as they might have been in the hangars. Very respectfully, Batty PSF navy Folder In reply refer to Initials and No. Op-10 Hu NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON 22 July 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT This is worth a smile. Yesterday a New Zealander, connected officially with British shipping, asked Ingersoll if a New Zealand ship they had bound for the British Isles via the Canal would be permitted to transit the Canal. Ingersoll replied that, so far as he knew, the West bound locks were the only. ones under repair. Ingersoll said he thought he got it but he did not say anything. I telephoned Pa Watson to let you know that the "Scharnhorst" had left Brest. You will recall that she is about 27,000 tons, of about 29 knots and carries nine 11" guns in three turrets, four airplanes, and a secondary battery of twelve 6", fourteen 4" anti-aircraft and sixteen anti-aircraft machine guns, 37mm. The information of her leaving Brest was in a secret despatch from London. I hope she follows the "Bismarck". Betty 25 July 1941 PSF- navy The Chief of Naval Operations (Stark) to the Secretary of State, Washington, July 22, 1941, enclosing The Chief of Naval Operations (Stark) to President Roosevelt, [Washington,] July 21, 1941, and The Director of the War Plans Division of the Navy Department (Turner) to the Chief of Naval Operations (Stark), Washington, July 19, 1941. Discusses his talks with Admiral Nomure and the possibility of embargoes on trade with Japan. Engloses Turner's report to him (Stark) on the effect of an embargo on trade with Japan. SEE: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1941, Vol. IV, The Far bast, pages 835-840. 12/12/56 RS PSF; Mary Folder In reply refer to Initials and No. fullsmal NAVY DEPARTMENT Op-10-MD OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON July 25, 1941 Memorandum for the President This is too good to keep. I suggested to the Secretary that if he wanted to have the Joke of the age, he would cut out the last two sentences of his letter to Senator Wheeler, which I have enclosed in parentheses. I suppose the Secretary is wise in not pulling this on Senator Wheeler, but I would like to have been sitting there in the gallery if it had been pulled and some other Senator were to ask Senator Wheeler for the dates. I imagine even the Senate would not observe decorum. I hope you are having a fine week-end. The carrier with planes for Iceland and her es- cort departs Sunday. We will keep you informed if anything happens. If I am all clear with the Secretary and also with State Department, I am going up into our little shanty in the Blue Ridge for a breath of air. I can get away very quickly and, in any case, the Duty Officer, Naval Oper- ations, will have touch with Ingersoll or Brainard. Very respectfully, Betty- TEXAS is DESTRICT / 8 June I / 2027 Dear State Apparentic July 25, 1941 - is - now THE peace X the Insk of information true the Misistration - --- the Information that 8. Ter instructor and 124 destruction of n Gerera exhanzion vill Interest you The Gernan missorine -0-56". under consent of Cantain Gustar Awberger, while preparing to terpedo the Delites serenant this was Corret to assurance by the rapid approach of is essay encors, the U.S. Mestroyer My dear Burton: stroled and treated - ourles of logth basis which disabled Chie entral Jarises if there 58° shin w 211 choice but FLOW I have your letter of July 23. The of the botton engagement between nn American combatant ship and a German subuarine described in the letter you sent De from Xr. A. Stewart is entirely correct. 1 The supplaing - the only difficulty 1m that it occured in World Var First Name Number 1. I nn afraid, my dear Senator, comeone is spoofing you.) The they, - officers and = - tablet at of the essated sover, their have Yours sincerely, The new before leaving the Interior speard the see values and the slayle senz- scuttled. The "Froming" seerer And placed THE all survivors who vore minutes DE - water." All 20 UN undere vera saved but DEP - diet, afforts ot resumitation having fatled. --- be - variet as LAS. Incidentally, Nice leteration - ECOMA to the German Honorable Burton I. Wheeler OF if SHIP information Coll Lindher United States Sennte out 1. T. Sea 10 - courte of type. Washington, D. C. - good claim Tary truly - - 4. Street COPY Dear Sir:- Apparently you are handicapped in your fight for peace by the Inck of information from the Administration. I nn rure the information that n. U. S. Harr destroyer disabled and caused the destruction of a Gernen submarine vill interest you. The Gernan submarine "U-58". under counand of Captain Gustav Amberger. while preparing to torpedo the British merchant ship "Welshmen", vae forced to submerge by the rapid approach of a convoy escort, the U.S. destroyer "FAINING". The the "Panning" circled and dropped n. series of depth bombs which disabled the control devices of the"U-58" which had not choice but rise to the surface and surrender, or else perish at the bottom of the sea. The rising of the "U-58" to the surface vas surprising to the"Fanning" and the destroyer crew suspecting a ruse fired their decic guns,--hone, however, hitting the submarine. The "U-58" crev, 4 officers and 35 seasen tumbled out of the conning tover, their hands reined in surrender. The crew before leaving the interior opened the sea valves end the submarine slowly mank--ecuttled. The "Panning" approached nearer and picked up all survivors who were evinning in the water. All 39 crew members vere saved but one season, Frant Olinder died, efforts at resuscitation having failed, and he vite buried at ren. Incidentally, this information in known to the Gerunn government. I plan to release a copy of this information to Col. Lindbergh, the I. Y. Telegram and N. Y. Sun in a counle of days. Zeep up the good fight! Tery truly yours. /e/ A. Stewart navy Lakt, Flu 2-41 In reply refer to Initials and No. NAVY DEPARTMENT Op-10-MD OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS fill WASHINGTON July 25, 1941 Dear Mr. President: I hope this is not bothering you on leave by giving you a little exercise at your favorite mental sport. 1 have not had time to digest this, as it just this minute came in and I wanted to catch your mail. Admiral Wilcox, as you know, is head of the Board of Inspection and Survey. Very respectfully, Bitty. NAVY DEPARTMENT BOARD OF INSPECTION AND SURVEY PT/S8(2090-S) WASHINGTON July 25, 1941 Memorandum to Admiral Stark: Subject: Comparative Service Tests of Motor Torpedo Boats. As you doubtless remember, you directed the Board of In- spection and Survey to conduct comprehensive tests of all designs of motor torpedo boats available in the United States, and delayed the date of these tests until all competitors could enter. At your request the British presented one of their boats, a Higgins design of 70 ft. The Board conducted these tests at New London, Connecticut, during the period July 21-24, 1941. Due to engine trouble the British design of motor torpedo boat built by Higgins Industries Inc., was not tested. There were five designs of motor torpedo boats available for trial: the Elco 77', the Higgins Industries Inc. 76', the Higgins Industries Inc. 81', the Huckins Yacht Co. 72', and the Philadelphia Navy Yard 81'. During the comparative tests all designs, with the excep- tion of the Higgins Industries 76' boat which was late in arriving, were standardized over the measured mile at Block Island under two conditions of armament loading, and tactical diameters were obtained by photographs from an airship. All types were required to make a 190 mile run in the open sea at maximum sustained speed in order to determine their ability to operate at sea at high speed. This run simulated a search and attack by PTs based on New London against enemy raiders reported to be operating between Block Island and New York. The courses selected were chosen with a view to providing the severest possible test under the favorable weather conditions which prevailed. The run consisted of a leg from New London to the eastern end of Block Island, around Block Island, to and around Fire Island Lightship, thence to Montauk Point Whistling Buoy. Seven of the nine boats tested in this sea trial complet- ed the entire run. Five of the boats made the entire run without casualty. Special propellers were installed and throttle adjustment made on the PT-20, an Elco boat, by the contractor shortly before the trials. The speeds obtained by these boats are as follows: PT20 (Elco Boat Company) 39.72 kts. PT31 (Elco Boat Company) 37.01 kts. PT69 (Huckins Yacht Company) 33.83 kts. PT6 (Higgins Industries Inc.) 31.40 kts. PT8 (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 30.73 kts. -2- During this run structural weaknesses appeared which makes it apparent that certain designs are not capable of carrying out a high speed mission at sea. The Higgins Industries 76' boat developed a transverse failure in the main deck with a sheer failure in the web frames in the same general vicinity. In addition to this, there was a separation of the side planking from the frames. The sheer failure and the separation of the side planking from the frames was apparently due to excessive working of the bottom. During the period of the trials two of the Elco 77' boats developed transverse cracks in the main deck opposite the corners of the engineroom trunk. These failures were accompanied by a failure of the longitudinal deck stringers. Since the primary characteristic of any PT is its ability to operate at sea at high speeds, it is apparent from these tests that a modification in design for strengthening is necessary in the Elco 77' and the Higgins 76' boats. A complete report of comparative tests will be submitted at a later date. W. Wilcox, Jr. - Published in PearlHarbor Hearings PART 20 PAGES 4382-4383 4383 Confidential PSF BULLETIN Japanese military preparation in Manchuria Nany continues at 25 July 1941. accelerated rate is indicated by a report from a reliable source. This "seems to portend he (Japs) is preparing in North for Major efforts". On the other hand, Grew re- ports "there has been a gradual weakening of the ties binding Japan to the Axis over a substantial period of time" and "the Government of Japan is expecting over- tures from the Government of U.S.S.R. designed to pro- duce "a general agreement.' - British Members of Parliament have invited some American Senators and Representatives to visit Britain shortly. Germans are returning to their French owners, all small boats (less than 300 tons) seized at time of the occu- pation it is reported. German losses during first two weeks of Russo-German campaign were 640,000 to 700,000 men; 1100 to 1200 tanks; a Navy source reports. The strike on oil tankers, Great Lakes Area, "is Commun- ist influenced for the purpose of preventing production in the steel industry". 2. Admiral Towers reports Navy's aviation training program for pilots, flight crews and maintenance personnel, is "ship- shape" and under way ahead of schedule. Today the Navy has four main pilot training stations with a combined student entry of 800 a month - Pensacola 300, Jacksonville 200, Corpus Christi 300 -- The Naval Station at Miami is provid- ing the advanced carrier type training. The Navy including the Marine Corps had 4,521 aviators and 3,657 under train- ing, 1 July, being 276 more aviators and 981 more students than the 1 January 1941 estimates. The shortage of air- planes of the type required for advanced training is be- coming critical. Training capacity now is available for 9,095 aviation enlisted men every four months; by 1 Janu- ary 1942 this will be increased to 12,000. Information from an Official source on the Statement by the Carnegie Institution expert (in the 18 July Bulletin) shows that for some months weather reports to the fleet have been transmitted in confidential cipher; that all reports of wea- ther observations made by Naval vessels are confidential. Sabotage of a torpedo has been reported to Bureau of Ordnance. Considerable has been learned about Italian espionage act- ivities in the United States during the past week. 3. Secretary Knox has appointed Dr. Jerome C. Hunsaker, of M.I.T. as Coordinator of Research and Development for the Navy Department, Chairman of the Naval Research and De- velopment Board and Member of the National Defense Re- search Committee. Dr. Hunsaker reports he is surveying Navy's research projects in order to determine the ex- tent of the present program. Approximately 36 Public Relations Officers from the Na- val Districts and the two Fleets will be in Washington Monday for a four-day conference and school on Public Relations. Secretary Knox reports expansion of facilities of the Naval Communications to meet the increased load placed on the system by demands of Navy Department operations under the National Emergency. The Senate has passed a bill authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to establish a secret detective force to invest- igate any existing or threatened espionage or sabotage in United States Naval establishments. USN makes a careful check of requests for the dismissal of aliens working in plants having defense production. Before any dismissal is requested, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Mili- 4. tary Intelligence and Naval Intelligence's central and field files are checked. 40% of the requests received are "washed out" because no cause for action is found. The Navy's program for supplying Diesel engines for small boats, together with the special power-plant requirements for the newly developed landing boats, has resulted in the development of a more modern type of Diesel for these small craft. This engine is manfactured by the National Supply Company at the Superior Diesel Engine Plant and has been in- stalled in both the 30-foot Bureau Type Steel and the 36- foot Higgins Type landing boats. Voluntary Spanish and Portuguese language instruction is prc gressing both in Washington and the Naval Air Stations at Pensacola, Florida, Jacksonville, Florida and Corpus Christi, Texas. Arrangements are being made to expand the language instruction during the coming year, by using the facilities of a WPA project. It is anticipated that over 5,000 officers and enlisted men of Navy and USMC will undergo special instructions during the current fiscal year. Puget Sound Naval Hospital is expanding. It has almost reached its limit for the area it serves. For the present, however, it is adequate, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery reports. Foluer In reply refer to Initials and No. Op-10-MD NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON July 28, 1941 My dear Mr. President: The authorization for the light draft ships for the Ice- land job has been gladly received. I suppose you are expecting a "comeback" from us in con- nection with the suggestion that we give up about equivalent ton- nage to the Maritime Commission. From our position, this Iceland task is just additional to previous tasks; we have to run these additional ships even if they sail in ballast, in order to have the required ships' convoys sail on schedules. If we are to have a force of 25,000 troops, trained in amphibious work, ready to move when and as directed, we will need all the tonnage we now have. In fact, I am being continually pressed by all concerned for additional tonnage for such a move- ment. As you know, to date, I have made no such request. I am keenly aware of the shipping problem, and Jerry has my sympathies in the splendid job he is doing. I have tried to keep our requests down to a minimum. May I assume that, for the moment at least, Jerry and I have your permission to try and work out present problems without our having to surrender any of the tonnage which you have thus far given us? You may feel assured that I will help Jerry in this re- gard to the utmost. As an item of interest, the attached sheet shows some of our efforts in that direction. Jerry has seen this letter and is willing to try out on the above lines. Sincerely, Batty In reply refer to Initials and No. OP-38-SMR NAVY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON 28 July 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS GUADALUPE (A032) is making two lifts of oil this month (July) from Gulf Coast and delivering same at Bay Way, New Jersey; other lifts are expected to be made in August. MERCURY (AK42) now in the Canal Zone, will depart 30 July for Iquique, Chili, for a load of Salt Peter. HERCULES (AK41) now enroute to the Far East, due Manila about 10 August is to load and return with a cargo of hemp and chrome. Other cargo vessels are expected to be available, upon completion of training exercises, to make cargo lifts. WEST POINT (AP23) was available for a cargo of cork on her current return voyage from Lisbon, but the taking of such cargo while on this mission was objected to by the State Department. R. M4 Brainard Rear Admiral, USN Director, Ship Movements Division 1 Published in PesriHarbor Hearings PART 20 PAGES 4400-4405 Confidential PSF NITE BULLETIN 6 August 1941 Narry Materials are being accumulated and plans made for a big German offensive against the Soviet on or about August 10, it is reported. Morris reports the German people are not "cheered" by the silence which covers German losses particularly in view of the slow progress. on the Eastern Front. Precarious position of Axis forces in Libya has been confirmed by reports received by the Consul at Tunis. A large number of Nazi Marines are in Constanta a nd preparations are being made to recondition various Ru- manian Ships which are to be used either as troop trans- - ports or as auxiliary cruisers in the Black Sea it is reported. The Japanese mobilized 500,000 men during the period June and July it is reported. The majority of this force is believed to have been sent to Manchuria. (Rus- sians reported to have 500,000 in Far East.) Troops defending Tobruk have 30 days food supply, 60 days ammunition supply and very limited water supply. The fleet is unable to continue supplying this force. 2. 40 ships sunk in the port and 5 destroyers sunk outside the port show the extent of Axis air control over To- bruk. Relief must be effected by fall or Tobruk will have to surrender it is reported. British sources do not believe that the Russians will undertake an offensive on the Finnish Front. Stalin's Decree that civilian population be armed has beenfollowed effectively. Irregulars also reported cooperating with OGPU in laying waste to the country in the path of the invaders it is reported. Two Hundred Officers of the Columbian Army have been arrested and are being held incommunicado on charge of - conspiracy against the Government. Ecuador political situation is very delicate and an immi- nent change of Government is possible, it is reported. Recruiting activities for week ending 25 July, 1941. Accepted for first enlistment 2228 First enlistments 1423 Reenlistments, continuous service 42 Reenlistments, under broken service 17 Total 1482 While. violation of the regulations of the Civil Aero- nautics Authority by Naval aircraft occurs at such in- frequent intervals as to occasion an infinitesimal portion 3. of the total hazards to CO mercial operations, the im- portance of this problem is recognized. The Civil Aero- nautics Authority has not approved the recommendations of the Navy (and Army?) to establish a permanent board to participate in planning to control violations of Civil Aeronautics Authority regulations which are caused by lack of segregation, zoning of airports, communica- tion facilities between aircraft and aircraft to ground, and of authority of any agency - Army, Navy or commercial- to ascertain its own priority in a given area. The Bureau of Ordnance appreciates the cooperation that is being given by the Army in furnishing machine gun ammunition. For the first half of the year, about 40% of the Navy's allotment was received and all special tasks were taken care of. At present, if necessary, the Bureau will be supplied with sufficient ammunition for any special task and up to 60% of its allotment. By September or October, the War Department will have sufficient small arms ammunition capacity available to take care of the Bureau 100% Typhoon damage in Guam is $20,000 according to reported preliminary estimates. Solicitation by Jehova's Witnesses in Independence, Kan- sas, effectively stopped by joint police and American Legion plan to send a policeman with the solicitor to open each interview by saying the canvasser represented "this organization that does not believe in saluting the American Flag, and I am just along to help prevent riots such as this organization has precipitated in other communities", Navy Domestic Intelligence reports. Permission for news correspondents to proceed from Lon- don to Iceland has been withheld and no stories on Ice- land are to be released without Navy Department approval except press stories by approved correspondents when these stories are authorized by Comtaskfor nineteen and reference to following items has been deleted: Identi- fication of units participating, strength of force, ships involved, defenses, names of individuals, future plans or movements, amount and type of equipment. Contract has been awarded the Naval Reserve Training School at Navy Pier, Chicago, Illinois, of $222,000.00 by Bureau of Yards and Docks. The Navy ration "shall" include canned, powdered, or concentrated fruit juices under, the terms of HR4757. I BULLETIN 7 August, 1941 Only a very determined attitude by the United States, - Britain and the Netherlands East Indies can now deter Japanese military from pushing things to extremes; the British Ambassador at Tokyo reports. "An expected triumph over the Red Army by October and an invasion of the Persian Gulf Area and India by Spring are two events on Hitler's calendar" reports to the British indicate. Eden reports Turkish friendship still affords huge ad- vantages to the British and "desires" the United States to aid Britain in supplying military supplies and equip- ment to Turkey as promptly as possible. MacMurray (Ankara, Turkey) reports "The opinion that there is no military threat to Turkey is shared by the British Military Officials here but they feel that it is not impossible or even unlikely that in time the situation may change abruptly." Ships laden with Nazi soldiers reported transiting Swed- ish territorial waters. Port Said (Suez Canal) now handling a great volume of 2. tonnage with speed and dispatch and ships of United States Registry and British Troop transports are not using Suez at present a reliable source reports. Situation in Ecuador reported to be rapidly deteriorat- ing: Anti-American sentiment is increasing; faith in Pan-Americanism is lost and Ecuadorans feel that the days of their country's life as an independent nation are numbered unless prompt action is taken by the United States. Canary Islands Garrison increased from 12,000 to 53,050 in past three months. Because of topography, bad roads and fortifications built or to be built, an attack and - seizure of the Canary Islands would be a difficult task in the face of the Garrison as reinforced it is reported. Germans continue to evince interest in the Sabana Bay and the Sabana del Guabatico Area, Dominica, a natural air landing area 50 miles from the Bay, it is reported. Nazi planes flying over Iceland 30 July made a detailed - reconnaisance, a reliable source reports. All future sailings of Japanese ships for United States will be postponed indefinitely, the Japanese Foreign 3. Office "admitted", it is reported. Production of synthetic gasoline in Italy is at a mini- mum due to the lack of coal. Italians now using oil reserves andare having great difficulty in getting replenishments it is reported. German synthetic gaso- line factories reported seriously damaged by the R.A.F. but new ones have been built are operating near Berlin. WPA Projects in the Navy program. Emergency Relief Act for the fiscal year 1942 was approved 1 July 1941. In contrast to the 1941 act, new bill does not ear-mark a sum of money for use on Federal Agency projects of the type approved in previous years. Instead the $5,000,000 set aside for all federal agencies will be retained by WPA and allocated to specific projects, that cannot be operated in the state program, when those projects are individually approved by the WPA. Therefore, with but few exceptions, Navy projects that are -put in operation will be in state programs under the direction of the State Administrators. The new act authorizes the operation of federal construction projects in the fiscal year 1942 approved under the act of the fiscal year 1941. 4. Director of Personnel, reports a survey of civilian supervisory positions in the Navy Department looking toward obtaining higher grades is just being completed and a large number of new allocations have been secured. Price of red salmon is up, 10 cents a pound over last year so the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts is ordering an increased amount of medium-reds which have advanced about 2 cents a pound for the same period. The demand for salmon from the Army and under lease-lend is heavy but 20% of this year's pack will be used for these pur- poses without undue dislocation of the civilian market. Bureau of Ordnance reports 23,280,000 rounds of 40 mm Bofors and 57,200,000 rounds of 20 mm Oerlikon Ammuni- tion have been ordered. The present program contem- plates increasing the orders to a total of 30,480,000 40 mm and 72,200,000 20 mm all for production within the next twelve months. The steel, brass, gilding met- al and aluminum required presents a serious problem. This is just a start as the contemplated production of Oerlikon guns practically decided upon is 31,000 guns requiring 360,000,000 rounds of ammunition. Eire Government reported considering seeking U.S. Protect- tion of Ireland. BULLETIN 8 August 1941 Japanese Officers in civilian clothes are arriving in Thai accompanied by a flood of "tourists" a re- liable source reports. Thai Officials feel their nation is in serious immediate peril from Japan. Japanese call up more retired Japanese personnel. Several large groups of transports were observed off Kojo (Korea) heading North during the latter part of July. Japanese ships reported to be purchasing large amounts of petroleum products in Rio de Janeiro. The Japanese Naval Inspector's Office New York City was officially closed 7 August. Fighting on the Eastern Front is characterized by an increased use of flame throwers and radio as a means of communication. Nightly bombing of Moscow reported "light but accurate". Occupied Thrace has been completely stripped, even to removal of windows and doors it is reported. All Spanish military leave in the Tangier (North Mor- occo) Zone was cancelled 4 August, it is reported. 2. Aranha is "most indignant" over British demands concern- ing Ships Warrant Agreement and declares it will be nec- essary to close the ports of Brazil to British ships. Evidence that operations will be undertaken against Iran no matter what answer is given to the British ultimatum (in re: tourists) is reported. However, United States Minister at Bagdad reports British for the time being at least will not move into Iran since it is intimated that their forces there are inadequate. Greek refugees fleeing into Turkey because of "onset of famine conditions" causing Turks to feel the democracies have left Greece to her fate after serving their purpos- es. Some are asking what the Turkish people might expect in similar circumstances it is reported. Threat against Egypt has been removed by Russian War and consequent change of Nazi plans a reliable source reports. Relief of Tobruk (Libya) may be possible if 300 tanks above scheduled deliveries can be attained by 15 Septem- ber. Australian Troops are in Tobruk. Crude oil is Germany's real need it is reported. That's why they want Baku (City on Caspian Sea). They are re- ported to have enough oil refined and in production to carry them through until next year. 3. Acting Secretary Bard stated todayit is hoped the strike at the Kearney, New Jersey, Shipbuilding plant can be settled at once, but if management and labor cannot arrive at a settlement, steps must be taken which will in one way or another put this huge ship- building plant back into production at the earliest possible moment. The Judge Advocate General is being asked to secure leg- islation to enable Navy personnel to use taxis on Offici- al business between the Navy and other Governmental De- partments. 25 Officers and 72 Enlisted men have been ordered to a course of RADAR instructions in Canada, beginning 16 August, 1941. Deliveries of propellers are not satisfactory to meet the needs of airplane production. At the present time, a quantity of completed fighting airplanes are awaiting propeller deliveries. The Navy has on contract 100 training airplanes which are to be equipped with wooden propellers. In addition, the Navy contemplated secur- ing 100 additional wooden propellers from the Army, the Bureau of Aeronautics reports. The Bureau of Ordnance is making special efforts to con- serve aluminum and other critical raw materials without interfering with military efficiency of the product. The manufacture of torpedoes is being delayed by inabili- ty to obtain required quantities of steel as soon as needed. Practically all needed steel is under contract with various firms, and deliveries can only be improved by obtaining higher priority, which has been requested. Requisitions were originally made and proposals adver- tised for this steel late in 1940 in the usual form. 0- wing to the fact that most quantities required were small, no bids were received under then existing condi- tions. When necessity for the material was explained tovarious companies, bids were finally obtained, the Steel Section of OPM being particularly helpful in this matter, the Bureau of Ordnance reports. A meeting of a select committee to investigate air acci- dents, headed by Mr. Nichols of the Office of Production Management, held on 7 August, was attended by Army, Navy, OPM, CAA, and Commerce Officials, for a discussion of measures to be taken to insure the general health and prospects of the commercial air carriers of the United States. The subject will be gone into in greater detail later. BULLETIN 11 August, 1941 The Nazi time-table for defeating the Russian Army and occupying European Russia has been upset by stubborn Russian resistance. The new time-table of the German Army calls for breaking Russian resistance in the area the Germans expect to occupy during the coming winter, this includes territory west of the Volga River, it is reported. Considerable uneasiness is reported among the German people. Attempts are being made to direct public 0- pinion to the West by an attack on the United States in the Press. Hitler and his henchmen greatly apprehend a British at- tack on their unprotected Norwegian flank and Western rear because they a re unable at the present time to withdraw either material or men from the Eastern Front, it is reported. German high command is reported proposing to resume offensive operation in North Africa during the month of September, if the British don't attack before then. Combined Nazi and Spanish drive on Gibraltar "and else- SRB, I 2. where" is reported temporarily abandoned because of the situation on the Eastern Front. Clashes between Germany and Italian forces in Russia are reported Germans are said to be pleased with the 5 August Decree for Weygand to deal directly with Admiral Darlan since they suspect the motives of Weygand. Nazi Activities in Brazil are being intensified. "Some- thing is brewing" in the Southern part of Brazil and it is believed Argentina is connected with it, it is reported. Germans are taking active steps to prevent Dakar from falling into the hands of the United States. Measures are under consideration to forestall an Anglo-United States attempt to get Portuguese Bases it is reported. The Japanese do not expect the Thais to resist occupa- tion it is reported. It is reported Burma will be at- tacked by combined French and Japanese forces when enough Japanese forces arrive in Indo-China. Japanese ships are reported to have orders to avoid United States ports and to paint out their flags. Wholesale Price Index for all Commodities for the week ending 2 August, 1941, - 89.2. 3. Naval strength of: Germany Italy France Total Old Battleships 2 1 3 Battleships 2 5 1 8 Heavy cruisers 4 4 4 12 Light cruisers 4 12 10 26 Destroyers 56 97 49 202 Submarines 150 76 59 285 Aircraft carriers 1 1 2 Approximately 100,000 man days were lost last week in strikes affecting Naval Defense contracts. 6 cases af- fecting 2810 workers were settled. 28 cases are still open and 16 strikes are pending in which Navy production may be involved. Conferences on the Kearney strike were held over the week end - no change has been reported. An early settlement is hoped for AA preference ratings are being given material and ma- chinery necessary for RADAR manufacture. Typical substitution and conservation of materials which may be necessary include: (1) 10% reduction in chlorine for bleaching paper; (2) palmetto fibre for palmyra fibre used in deck S crubbers; (3) paint cans of terne instead of tin plate; (4) various substitutes for corrosion re- sisting steel; (5) fibre stock tags instead of zinc. Research is under way on plane-to-plane gun-fire. The problem is to secure effective fire control in order to take advantage of the full-range of the guns carried. Complete coordination and cooperation is being secured from all Government, British and Private Agencies, it is reported. The obvious logical uses for lighter-than-air ships are in the detection of - and attack on - mines and submarines, and in the escort, when desirable, of convoys through the coast- al shipping lanes. Steps are being taken to determine the value of under-water photography from airships; this would appear to hold potentialities at least under some conditions. Another important project now underway is the development of sweeping equipment tobe towed by airships for the destruct- ion of magnetic mines. Corresponding equipment to be used against acoustic mines is also in the picture. This equip- ment tows on the surface and is energized from the airship. It has been necessary to start from scratch in the design and construction ofthis equipment but the project is con- sidered to have good prospects for successful achievement. The average number of Naval Military personnel on the rells during June 1941 and the payments to retired and reserve personnel are estimated to have been as follows: Number Cost Personnel, regular - active 218,904 $18,649,680 Personnel, regular - retired 17,581 2,520,263 Personnel, reserve - all categories 51,807 6,846,131 Total 288,292 $28,016,074 100187 BULLETIN 12 August, 1941 Communist Party in the United States reported split with a militant group, believing Russia will be de- feated, wanting to "headquarter" the party in United States or South America. Leahy reports Marshall Petain as saying "that Europe would suffer from famine and plague was already in evidence" and that the United States "was quick to criticize but slow to act." Leahy reports that the French do not believe Japan will attack Russia. Reports of big Japanese troop concentrations on Siberi- an front coincide with. a statement by Japanese military quarters that Japan expects a "decisive turn" in Russo- German war within the next two weeks. "statemed" There is no clear evidence that the Russians intend to weaken their Far Eastern Forces by transfer of troops ed to the West, it is reported from Harbin (Manchuria). his Between 18 and 24 Nazi submarines are reported to have recently reached Japan. Underwater objects dangerous to navigation probably (anot 2. mines have been placed in the Bako Harbor (Pescadores) area, Japan. Japanese Naval vessels reported at Cape St. Jacques, Saigon (Cochin-China) "or in the river between" are: 1 heavy cruiser, 1 light cruiser, 1 aircraft carrier, 8 destroyers, 6 torpedo boats and 9 small minelayers or sweepers. Japanese aircraft factories in the Tokyo-Nagoya areas now working 24 hours per day, seven days a week, esti- mated total of 500 per month plane production. Nazis Circles are reported losing faith in ultimate victory. Finland will be rewarded by Germans with strips of Sweden and Norway, it is reported. 100 light armored scouting cars and about 2,000 Nazi "tourists" are reported near or in Algiers. The Vatican "apparently believes" that the tension between Ecuador and Peru is only temporarily relaxed and that hostilities "must" be expected to be resumed unless outside economic or military pressure is em- ployed in order to enforce peace. British reported to have taken 10 or 12 Finnish ships (totaling about 30,000 tons) detained in British ports. 3. Advanced progress is reported on a research project involving the use of properly colored lights on bridges and exposed gun-mounts which do not create "light- blindness" and which are not discernible from a distance. In addition to contracts awarded for the Fiscal Year 1941, amounting to $2,196,969,630.45, Letters of Intent have been issued to a total of $950,026,300.00. These Letters of Intent ultimately will be superseded by contracts it is reported by the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. The raw material situation continues to become more criti- cal and it may be that the problem may be more serious than has been the case with machine tools. The Office of Production Management is following the problem very close- ly and has been of considerable assistance to the Bureau of Ordnance in making distribution to more important contractors, the Bureau of Ordnance r eports. A survey of airplane plants covering the segregation of magnesium and aluminum scrap, is reported under way. A special mission has been sent to London to study for the Navy and Maritime Commission, all matters relating to navigation, storage and distribution of petroleum products in the United Kingdom. 000,008 Modern influence mines and degaussing are new. At one time during World War II until countermeasures were per- fected, mines were accounting for more shipping losses than submarines or aircraft. Constant application to countermeasures is necessary to deal with existing types and new types as they appear. Studies now are under way on offensive and defensive operations including (1) vari- ous ship influences that can be used to fire a mine(2) surveying technique (3) mine recovery (4) degaussing (5) mine, firing mechanism. A proving ground (Magic Carpet) will be completed shortly. Survey ranges, deperming sta- tions and wiping and flashing stations are in operation. Temporary degaussing now is giving way to permanent de- gaussing under instructions from the Bureaus of Ordnance and Ships and while the major studies of degaussing are expected to be completed by the end of this year, "de- gaussing will be with us always". A Coordinator and Supervisor for all duplicating in the Navy Department is under consideration. Savings in cost and amount of space are excepted. Admiral Towers reports as far as the Navy is concerned there is no shortage of high octane gasoline. 800,000 men are estimated to be in the Turkish Army. ATLANTIC FLEET PSF INCOMING WASHINGTON: fillermal Many Folder SENATE MANAGERS OF THE ARMY TERM EXTENSION BILL SAID TODAY THEY WOULD SEEK SPEEDY SENATE CONFIRMATION OF HOUSE AMENDMENTS TO THE ADMINISTRATION PROPOSAL FOR REQUIRING SELECTEES AND NATIONAL GUARDSMEN TO SERVE A POSSIBLE MAXIMUM TERM OF TWO AND A HALF YEARS. SENATOR THOMAS OF UTAH, WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THE BILL IN THE UPPER CHAMBER, INDICATED HE WOULD ASK THE SENATE TO APPROVE THE HOUSE CHANGES IN THE TERM EXTENSION PROPOSAL ACTION: TOR: FROM: Date: AUG 13TH/CK ACTION: INFORMATION: 00 01 05 11 12 13 15 20 70 86 90 95 99 Admiral Chief of Staff Flag Secretary Operations War Plans Asst. for Operations Flag Lieutenant Communi- cations Material Marine Gunnery Aviation Staff Duty Special CWO PSF name Folder THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON CONFIDENTIAL August 20, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT With reference to the President's desire for further information about the reconnaissance over Iceland, the Department has been informed that a non-British plane, assumed to be German, was over Iceland on July 5th, July 19th, and August 5th. Antiaircraft guns were manned, but no shots were fired and no other action taken. Our pursuit planes did not arrive Iceland until 6 August. I note from news flashes today that another plane was sighted over Iceland, and that fighter planes took off in pursuit, but it escaped in the clouds. From the dates noted above, it would appear that the Germans are reconnoitering approximately on a fortnightly schedule. Respectfully, J. R. BEARDALL havy Fatder THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY PSF [ps~] WASHINGTON Serial 095012 (SC) EF22-2 CONF IDENTIAL August 21, 1941. the Memorandum for THE PRESIDENT. A dispatch was received today, 21 August, 1941, from the Commander, Northeast Creenland Patrol, stating that no belligerent activity has been found to date. The Northeast Groenland Patrol, which consists of the NORTHLAND, BEAR and NORTH STAR, is operating in the Scoresby Sound - Hudsonland region. Fones but Library DOD Did. 5200.9 (9/27/58) Date- 3-3-59 Signature- Care L. Spicer BUT IN MIDDLE DRAWER OF THE PRESIDENT'S DESK IN THE OFFICE BF:71ary from -1941 DEPARTMENT OF STATE THE LEGAL ADVISER August 21, 1941. EXTENT TO WHICH THE PRESIDENT MAY USE THE NAVY IN THE PROTECTION OF AMERICAN INTERESTS I The Constitution declares that the President "shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States". (Art. 2, sec. 2.) The Supreme Court, in United States V. Sweeny, stated that the object of this provision is "evidently to vest in the President the supreme command over all the military forces,-such supreme and undivided com- mand as would be necessary to the prosecution of a successful war." (157 U.S. (1895) 281, 284.) The provision in the Constitution making the President the commander in chief of the Army and Navy does not seem to have provoked any debate in the Con- stitutional Convention. (Charles Warren, The Making of the Constitution (1937) 530.) The power of the President as commander in chief is no less extensive than those of the Congress "To declare war ...; To raise and support Armies ...; To provide and maintain a Navy" etc. (Art. 1, sec. 8.) The -2- The President may use the Navy in any manner that to him seems proper. He may act wisely or unwisely in 80 doing but the only way by which Congress can control his actions is through the withholding of appropriations or by impeachment. Mr. Taft in his book on Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers, published in 1916, states: "The President is made Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy by the Constitution evidently for the purpose of enabling him to defend the country against invasion, to suppress insurrec- tion and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed. If Congress were to attempt to prevent his use of the army for any of these purposes, the action would be void. ... Again, in the carry- ing on of war a.s Commander-in-Chief, it is he who is to determine the movements of the army and of the navy. Congress could not take away from him that discretion and place it beyond his control in any of his subordinates, nor could they themselves, as the people of Athens attempted to, carry on cam- paigns by votes in the market-place. (pp. 128-129.) In an address delivered before the American Bar Association in 1917 on the "War Powers Under the Consti- tution", Mr. Hughes stated that "There is no limitation upon the authority of Congress to create an army and it is for the President as Commander-in-Chief to direct the campaigns of that army wherever he may think they should be carried on." He referred to a statement by Chief Justice Taney in Fleming V. Page (9 How. 615) in which the Chief Justice said that as commander in chief the President "is authorized to direct the movements of the naval and military forces placed by law at his command". (s. Doc. -3- (s. Doc. 105, 65th Cong., lst sess., P. 7.) In the case of Ex parte Milligan (4 Wall. (1866) 2) Chief Justice Chase stated that the power of Congress If extends to all legislation essential to the prosecution of war with vigor and success, except such as interferes with the command of the forces and the conduct of campaigns. That power and duty belong to the President as commander-in- chief. Both these powers are derived from the Constitution, but neither is defined by that instrument. Their extent must be determined by their nature, and by the principles of our insti- tutions. Congress cannot direct the conduct of campaigns, (Ibid. 139.) Theodore Roosevelt states in his autobiography that in his judgment the most important service that he rendered to peace was the voyage of the fleet around the world. He explains that the chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs had announced that the fleet should not and could not go because Congress would refuse to appropriate the money, and adds: However, I announced in response that I had enough money to take the fleet around to the Pacific anyhow, that the fleet would cer- rainly go, and that if Congress did not choose to appropriate enough money to get the fleet back, why, it would stay in the Pacific. There was no further difficulty about the money." (Roosevelt, An Autobiography (1913) 592, 598.) At the time the approval of the Treaty of Versailles was under consideration in the Senate, there was under discussion a reservation to article 10, presented by Senator -4- Senator Lodge, to the effect that "Congress ... under the Constitution, has the sole power to declare war or authorize the employment of the military or naval forces of the United States". Senator Walsh of Montana stated in debate on November 10, 1919 that the statement was a recital of "what is asserted to be a principle of constitutional law. He said that if-- If any declaration of that character should ever be made by the Senate of the United States, it would be singularly unfortunate. It is not true. It is not sound. It is fraught with the most momentous consequences, and may involve disasters the extent of which it is hardly possible to conceive. "The whole course of our history has been a refutation of such a declaration, namely, that the President of the United States, the Chief Executive of the United States, the Commander in Chief of the Army of the United States, has no power to employ the land or naval forces without any express authorization upon the part of Congress. Since the beginning of our Government, our Navy has been sent over the seven seas and to every port in the world. Was there ever any congres- sional act authorizing the President to do any- thing of that kind?" He stated that our Navy travels the sea "in order to safeguard and protect the rights of American citizens in foreign lands. Who can doubt that the President has authority thus to utilize the naval and land forces of the United States?" Mr. Borah stated: "I agree fully with the legal or constitu- tional proposition which the Senator states, and -5- and I hope this [reservation] will be stricken out. It is an act of supererogation to put it in. It does not amount to anything. It is a recital which is not true. It can not change the Constitution, and it ought not to be there. ... It would simply be vain and futile and, if I may say so, with due respect to those who drew it, the doing of an inconsequential thing." (58 Cong. Rec., pt. 8, p. 8195, Nov. 10, 1919, 66th Cong., 1st sess.) Mathews, in his treatise on American Foreign Relations (1928), states in connection with the incident just referred to that "it is not true that, after rais- ing forces and providing for their support, Congress can restrict the discretion of the President, as commander-in-chief, in directing their movements and in otherwise disposing of them." (p. 553.) Not only is the President commander in chief of the Army and Navy, but he is also charged with the duty of conducting the foreign relations of the United States and in this field he "alone has the power to speak or listen as a representative of the nation." If (United States V. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. et al., 299 U.S. (1936) 304, 319.) There are situations in which these two powers of the President complement each other. The convoying of American vessels by United States cruisers may well be an instance wherein the President may rely upon both his power as commander in chief of the Navy and as the supreme authority in the conduct of our foreign relations. II -6- II Instances of the Employment of the United States Navy by the President In times past the President has used the Havy in various ways and for various purposes short of war and without involving us in war. More than a hundred instances involving the use of land and naval forces could be mentioned. A tabulation of 85 such instances was incorporated in the Congressional Record for July 10, 1941, at pages 6056-6057, in connection with the discussion of the landing of troops in Iceland. See also a mimeographed compilation by Captain Ellsworth of the United States Marine Corps of "One Hundred Eighty Landings of United States Marines, 1800 - 1934"; and "Right to Protect Citizens in Foreign Countries by Landing Forces", published by the Department of State, third revised edition, 1934. A few outstanding examples of the use of the Navy by the President independently of Congress, follow. In 1815 President Madison, after reciting the dif- ficulties experienced with Algiers during our war of 1812 with Great Britain, recommended to Congress that war be declared against the Dey of Algiers. The com- mittee to which the message was referred reported that war existed and was then being waged by the Dey against the -7- the United States. There does not seem to have been any declaration of war by the United States but the President despatched a. naval force to Algiers and an Algerine frigate and brig were captured en route. The squadron arrived off Algiers on the 28th of June, and on the 29th opened communications with the Government. The next day the Dey proposed a treaty. The American negotiators replied by forwarding a draft for a treaty and by declaring that "the United States would never stipulate for paying tribute under any form whatever." "The Dey and his officers asked for time, but it was re- fused. They even pleaded for three hours. The reply was, 'not a minute,' and the treaty was signed and the prisoners released." (v Moore's Dig. 395.) In his annual message to Congress, on December 6, 1825, President John Quinoy Adams explained that it had been necessary to keep a small squadron in the Mediter- ranean because of the Barbary pirates and because of war raging between the Greeks and Turks and that it had also been necessary to keep a like force on the Pacific coast off Peru and Chile because of intermittent warfare between those countries and Spain. He said: "The constant maintenance of a small squadron in the Mediterranean is a necessary substitute for the humiliating alternative of paying tribute for the security of our commerce in that sea, and for a precarious peace, at the mercy of every caprice of four Barbary States, by whom it was liable to be violated." He -8- He added that an additional motive for keeping a respectable force stationed there was found "in the maritime war raging between the Greeks and Turks, and in which the neutral navigation of this Union is always in danger of outrage and depredation." He explained that similar motives had rendered it exped- ient to keep a like force on the coasts of Peru and Chile. (VII Moore's Dig. 107-108.) When, in 1852, the Japanese authorities refused to protect American citizens visiting or cast ashore in Japan, "it was held proper ... to display at Japan an imposing naval force, and to inform the Japanese Government that the Government of the United States will insist upon the protection and hospitality asked for being given." (Ibid. 108.) In 1853, Commander George N. Hollins of the sloop- of-war Cyane was instructed to obtain redress from the Nicaraguan authorities for certain depredations 00m- mitted against American property and affronts to the American Minister. His demands were not complied with, whereupon he bombarded and destroyed Greytown. ( Ibid. 112-116.) In the same year, 1853, the Hungarian, Martin Koszta, who had taken part in an unsuccessful rebellion and fled to the United States where he declared his intention -9- intention to become a citizen, was seized by Austrian officials upon the streets of the city of Smyrna, in Turkey, and taken aboard an Austrian war vessel. Captain Ingraham of the United States war vessel St. Louis appeared in the harbor of Smyrna and demanded that Koszta be surrendered to him by 4 o'clock of that day, stating that otherwise he would be taken away by force. An agreement was reached by which Koszta was placed in the charge of the French Consul and was subsequently released. (III Moore's Dig. 820, et seq.) In 1858, the Secretary of State requested the Sec- retary of the Navy to order the commanding officer of the squadron in the Mediterranean to communicate with the American Minister at Constantinople, and after receiving such information as he might require concern- ing the massacre of several citizens of the United States at Jaffa, to repair to Jaffa and "to take such measures as may be in his power to induce the Turkish authorities to inflict upon the criminals referred to the punishment which they so richly deserve." (VII Moore's Dig. 108.) In 1863, a small American steamer, the Pembroke, laden with merchandise and bound from Yokohama to Nagasaki, in attempting to pass through the Straits of Shimonoseki, was fired upon by shore batteries and by -10- by an armed brig belonging to the Prince of Nagato. The vessel abandoned her voyage. The American Minister demanded redress for the insult to the American flag, and by his direction Commander McDougall of the U.S.S. Wyoming proceeded to retaliate by sinking a brig and blowing up another vessel. A claim for $10,000 for the loss sustained by those interested in the Pembroke was promptly paid by the Japanese Government. Later, in September 1864, the so-called treaty powers, including the United States, made a hostile demonstration against the Prince of Nagato, destroyed the batteries of Chosu, commanding the Straits of Shimonoseki, and compelled an unconditional surrender. The Japanese authorities were required to express of the action their disapproval/of the Prince of Nagato and to pro- vide for the payment of the expenses of the expedition or to open more ports to commerce. The Japanese Gov- ernment chose the former, paying 3,000,000 to the four powers, the United States, Great Britain, France and the Netherlands. (Ibid. 116-117.) In 1888, the American vessel Haytian Republic, while departing from the Bay of St. Marc, was taken possession of by a Haitian man-of-war on a charge of breach of blockade. She was taken to Port-au-Prince and condemned a.s prize. The United States protested and -11- and Admiral Luce was sent with the Galena and the Yantic to Port-au-Prince to take the vessel in case Haiti should refuse to give her up. He arrived on December 20, 1888 and, through the American Minister, requested the Haitian authorities to withdraw their guard from the Haytian Republic in order to avoid the possibility of a collision between the guard and the officer whom he would shortly send to the vessel. He asked that the steamer be taken to the anchorage in the outer harbor before sunset. The vessel was surrendered and an indemnity was subsequently paid for her arrest and detention. (Ibid. 117-118.) In 1904, the semi-bandit Rais Uli kidnaped for ransom a naturalized American citizen, Ion Perdicaris, in Morocco. Secretary of State Hay arranged that a naval squadron should be despatched at once bearing a demand for "Perdicaris alive or Rais Uli dead!" Perdicaris was soon released. (II Foster, American Foreign Relations 350-351.) III Convoy of Merchant Vessels The right of a neutral state to convoy its mer- chant vessels is generally recognized in international law. It was specifically provided for in the unrati- fied -12- fied Declaration of London of 1909 and in the instruc- tions issued to the United States Navy June 30, 1917. The Declaration of London states in article 61 that neutral vessels under national convoy are exempt from search and that the commander of the convoy is expected, upon request of the commander of a. belligerent warship, to give information as to the character of the vessels and their cargoes. Article 62 states that if the com- mander of the belligerent warship has reason to believe that the confidence of the commander of the convoy has been abused, he may communicate his suspicions to the latter, who is expected to investigate and report his findings to the commander of the warship; that if in the opinion of the commander of the convoy the facts shown by his investigation justified the capture of one or more of the vessels, he must withdraw his pro- tection from such vessels. Practically identical wording was used in the instructions to the Navy. American vessels carrying cargoes to Vladivostok would be subject to interference on the high seas by powers at war with Soviet Russia. If they were under convoy by American war vessels, the rules laid down in the Declaration of London and in our in- structions to our Navy would be applicable, that is to say, if the vessels were carrying contraband the commander -13- commander of the convoy, upon request, would be under the necessity of surrendering them to the belligerent man-of-war. 011 is generally regarded as contraband. On the other hand, Japan, not being at war with Soviet Russia, would have no right under international law to interfere with American vessels carrying cargoes to Vladivostok, unless it were conceded that Japan is at war with some other country and entitled to exer- cise belligerent rights on the high seas on the theory that the vessels are carrying contraband having an ultimate destination to Japan's enemy. Up to this time we have not recognized the right of Japan to visit and search American vessels on the high seas even when they are destined to Chinese ports. There would be even less reason for recognizing her right to interfere with vessels going to other ports. It is hardly to be supposed that the continuous voyage doctrine could be invoked by Japan with respect to goods destined to Soviet Russia, a country which is itself a belligerent in a war in which Japan is not a belligerent and in which war the goods are urgently needed. To avoid any such contemplated interference with American vessels carrying cargoes to Vladivostok, the President would be within his rights in placing them under -14- under a convoy of American warships. If such American vessels were under an American convoy the commander of e the convoy would in these circumstances by amply war- ranted in resisting any effort on the part of Japanese men-of-war to interfere with the convoyed ships. Whether any effort to interfere or any resistance on the part of the commander of the convoy might result in hostilities is purely problematical, but the fact that hostilities might conceivably result would not deprive the President of his authority to afford such protec- tion as against nonbelligerent powers, if, in his judgment, such action should be deemed to be warranted. I have ascertained from the Maritime Commission that the tankers under charter to the Soviet Government are owned by private American companies; that the charters are voyage charters as distinguished from bare boat charters; and that the vessels are manned by American crews under the American flag. These vessels would be entitled to the same treatment as regards convoy as any other American vessel carrying contraband. gms Green H. Hackworth Le GHH: MKS NanyJolder havy Folder THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON CONFIDENTIAL file MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT August 26, 1941. The attached memorandum report from Admiral Jacobs, Commander Train, Atlantic Fleet, to Admiral Stark, on the recent landing exercises in the New River Area, is forwarded as of possible interest to the President. Respectfully, 1. R. BEARDALL Franklin D. Docsévelt Library DECLASSIT IED DOD DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58) CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL Date- 3-3-59 August 22, 1941 Signature- Carl L. Specer MEMORANDUM FOR ADMIRAL STARK In accordance with your verbal instructions to me, the following is a brief memorandum on the highlights of the landing exercises in the New River Area from 4 August to 12 August, 1941: A copy of the more detailed report which was made to the Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet, dated August 14, has been furnished your office. Ten large and six small transports participated in the exercises. Ships arrived in their assigned positions shortly after daylight on August 4th and troops landed at the zero hour and carried out their advance according to schedule. In the initial assault, 4000 troops were landed. A total of 6220 Army and Marine troops were landed during that day, together with provisions, water and other impedimenta. On August 5th, 3940 troops were landed in the morning and additional impedimenta in the afternoon. On August 6th, 4704 troops were landed, together with supplies and other gear. On August 7th, the Army landed 759 troops; more supplies and impedimenta were moved from ship to shore and the advance con- tinued inland. The total number of troops landed on these four days was 15,623; of which 10,219 officers and men were Army and 5404 Marines. On the night of August 8 approximately 8000 Army and Marine troops were withdrawn from the beach and returned to their ships, under ideal weather conditions, between 2100 and 0100. On the next night about 2000 men were successfully withdrawn from the beach in a choppy sea with e 25 knot wind. Remaining troops were evacuated on the next two days. Memorandum for Admiral Stark. -2- 8/22/41 CONFIDENTIAL. Health conditions were excellent. There were no serious casualties connected with the exercises. At the beginning of the exercises there were 264 landing boats and 26 tank lighters in operating condition. At the end, there were 249 landing boats and 20 tank lighters operative. A number of these were repaired during the exercises. All hands carried out these exercises from start to finish with great enthusiasm and energy under conditions which tried men and material considerably. Upon the return of the troops on board their ships, many of the uniforms were badly torn and worn, men were wet and in many cases, completely exhausted. It is my belief, which is shared by the Commanders of the various landing units, that the large number of troops landed through the surf, their advance inland through swampy and unfamilier country, their continued maintenance by the ship to shore movement of supplies, and their forced withdrawal under cover of night, has permitted the testing of theory in E. manner never before attemption in any peacetime exercises in this country. Many valuable lessons were learned, a number of weaknesses discovered and some excellent methods developed. However, before any future exercises are conducted or any overseas operations attempted sufficient time should be allowed to correct the weak- nesses in personnel and material developed by these exercises. The lessons learned fully justify the considerable effort involved. RANDALL JACOBS. havy Folder In reply refer to Initiale and No. NAVY DEPARTMENT Op-10-MD OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON August 28, 1941 Dear Mr. President: Here is a good one if you haven't heard it. There were three passengers in a plane: an Englishman, a German, and a Greek. The plane was flying at high altitude, and the wings began to ice badly. The pilot turned around to the three, who, incidentally, were aviators, and said, "My wings are icing badly. I am be- ginning to lose altitude, and you know what that means." The German got up, threw out his hand in salute, said "Heil Hitler", and jumped out. A little later, the pilot again turned and said, "I am still unable to maintain altitude. The load is too heavy." The Britisher got up and said:- "There will always be an England," and threw the Greek out! The above is one of Mr. Currie's and caused a great laugh last night at a small gathering at Dr. Soong's. NRS THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON August 30, 1941 SONF TIAL MEMORANDUM FOR THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET For recommendation. F. D. R. Enclosure X nary Folder (SC) N41/ND5 2-41 The accommodations are summarized as follows: 250 - Guest rooms with twin beds and private baths. 18 - Housekeeping apartments with one and two bed- rooms. 1 - Dormitory for 100 single guests. 2 - Large dining rooms. 7 - Public rooms. 2 - Swimming pools. 1 - Servants quarters - Capacity 40. In other words, we could accommodate between 500 and 600 people without trouble. I believe that it would be inadvisable to seek Con- gressional authority for the purchase of this hotel since it would arouse a great deal of discussion of an undesirable character. I believe that the most expedient way to acquire the hotel would be to purchase it with funds allocated from the President's Emergency Fund. If you can see your way clear to approving an allocation for this purpose, I believe that it would be money well spent and the investment would unquestionably liquidate itself and prove profitable. Frank Knox Franklin D. Roosevelt Library DECLASSIFIED DOD DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58) Date- 3-3-59 Signature- Call L.Spicer IN REPLY ADDRESS THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY AND REFER TO No. NAVY DEPARTMENT CONFIDENTIAL WASHINGTON AUG 29 1941 MEMORANDUM TO THE PRESIDENT. Subject: Acquisition of Chamberlin Hotel. A situation has developed in the Norfolk area which I believe should be called to your attention with a suggested plan of action. The New Chamberlin Hotel, constructed in 1928 is now filled to capacity by Army and Navy personnel and many civilians. Investigation by proper Army and Navy authorities indicates that a number of the civilians are people of questionable patriotism and probable subversive connections. They are thrown into intimate contact with Army and Navy personnel and have opportunities to observe the movements of ships and the activities at Langley Field, Fortress Monroe and the Naval stations in the Norfolk area. It would be highly desirable to clean this element out of this local- ity. Incident to the Army activities at Langley Field and Fortress Monroe and the basing of a large number of Naval vessels at Norfolk as & home port, there is a heavy concentration of service families, both Army and Navy, in this area. It is practi- cally impossible for these families to obtain suitable living accommodations and many of the junior officers are living under most undesirable conditions. The plan which I propose is for the Navy to purchase the Chamberlin Hotel and lease it to a hotel operating company, thetterms of the lease to prescribe the rates to be charged and control of the clientele by the Army and Navy. I have had this matter up informally with the General Accounting Office and I am informed that it is a workable preposition. As stated above, the hotel was constructed in 1928 and at the present time the total investment in buildings, furniture and fittings is approximately $1,670,000. It is of fire proof construction. The hotel has never paid any interest on its bonds and this year for the first time it is "in the black". Undercover inquiry indicates that we should be able to buy the hotel, complete with furniture and fittings "as 1s", for approximately $600,000 or considerably less than half of the total investment. The hotel is located on land which belongs to the Government and has a lease for a period of fifty years, or thirty five more to run as of today. PSF Many Folder 2-41 Lile June mal. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON August 30, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Admiral Stark telephoned the follow- ing message: "I have been in conference with Marshall and the Army has issued the usual orders to support us in our operations which might eventuate any time in the Atlantic or the Pacific". He said you would understand that that meant their Air Force, etc. He also said that Admiral Bowen reports that production is splendid and everything is going smoothly in the Kearney plant. He will talk with you about Mr. Harriman's request for a Naval Officer to accompany him on his trip. This can wait until next week. He will be at home over the weekend and his telephone number is Tunkhannock, Pa., 3241 525-10 531-32 390 533 Mising 337 378 2,000 the 3-8 500, 397 379 404 3&O 409 381 423 380 383 354 138 3857 308.31 3319 95 386 446.31 H. 446.31 2873.64 of Add 10. 039 3.40 3/18 26. /. 3/2/21 # Darble 2914.54 378 2,000 B,B, 3,080.99 11 5ta0 # 2414.54 396 40 15 11 more Them 16545 check bank. Pess 506 - 125 135. .. 333 10 30.45 out + notenshid 135 PSF Many Jolder 2-41 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 2, 1941 file MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT CNO has furnished the following information: The British recalled the RODNEY Sunday night. Admiral King recalled his search Monday night. The belief now is that the vessel reported as a German raider, possibly HIPPER class, was & British vessel. The despatch from the Army observer in Paramaribo regard- ing a German raider was third-hand information, and not very reliable. Likewise the British report that they now consider their previous estimate that two submarines were heading for Curacao and Aruba was in error, as we thought at the time. The Army has issued orders to support the Navy, where possible, in any action which may be required by recent despatches to Admiral King and Admiral Kimmel in regard to Axis vessels enter- ing our neutral zones. OpNav is informed of the President's decision that the operations in Dutch Guiana are an Army problem. The plane transporting Captain Picking overseas is reported missing, and it is feared he may be lost. Respectfully, J. 'J' R. BEARDALL PSF: many Folder 2-41 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY WASHINGTON MM/P16-1(410903) September 3, 1941 Memorandum for the President: Subject: Report on Enlisted Personnel, United States Navy. 1. The number of enlisted men in active service on August 30, 1941, is as indicated below. For basis of comparison, figures for June 30 and July 31, 1941, are included: Net Gain Aug.30,1941 July 31,1941 June 30,1941 for August Regulars 214,990 210,487 206,018 4,503 Retired Men 1,970 1,381 941 589 Fleet Reserves 9,494 9,317 9,142 177 Other Reserves 34,935 32,288 28,505 2,647 TOTAL 261,389 253,473 244,606 7,916 Very respectfully, Forestal Acting Secretary of the Navy. The President, The White House. PSF many Folder 2-4/ THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 6, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR ADMIRAL STARK I hope you will check with the War Department and get a copy of their instructions to their air force in Greenland and Iceland; 600 whether these instructions conform to Navy instructions and arrange that they be identical. F. D. R. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 5, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR MISS TULLY: THE PRESIDENT IS ANXIOUS THAT I REMIND HIM OF THIS TODAY. HE WANTS TO FIND OUT ABOUT IT BEFORE HE GOES TO HYDE PARK. HARRY L. HOPKINS THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 5, 1941 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT: You were going to ask the War Department for a copy of their instructions to the Air Force in Greenland and iceland to see whether these instructions conform to the Navy instructions to the Atlantic Fleet. HARRY L. HOPKINS PSF: Hovy Sept 9-41, SUCGESTED STATEMENT ON THE GREER INCIDENT FOR USE BY THE PRESIDENT 1. The recent attack on a United States naval vessel by a foreign submarine, admittedly Cerman, is a clear indication of Nazi aggression against the United States. 2. The United States Destroyer GREER was enroute from this country to Iceland with mail for the United States Garrison. When in a position latitude 62°-43'N longitude 27°-22' W, 175 miles from her destination, a torpedo was fired at the GREER by a submerged submarine ) from very close aboard. There is no question as to the facts in the case. Through her instruments, the GREER had picked up the submarine in advance of the attack, had detected a sudden change of course of the submarine to get into a firing position, saw the large bubble within a few yards of her bridge caused when the torpedo was fired, and also saw the swirl made by the propellers of the aggressor. 3. The GREER went to top speed, reversed her course, headed for the position of the submarine, and then saw approaching her the wake of a second torpedo, which she avoided. Then, twelve minutes after the first submarine torpedo was fired, and six minutes after the second submarine torpedo was (Suggested Statement on the Greer Incident - Continued) fired, the GREER dropped her first depth charges in a counter attack. 4. The United States Destroyer GREER continued to search the vicinity with her instruments, rediscovered the submarine about one hour and fifteen minutes later, and again counter attacked with depth charges. The GREER proceeded on her way to Iceland after an additional ineffective search of about four and one-half hours. PSF navy 2-41 Folder September 13, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: I have your memorundum in regard to a second increment of the non-rigid airship program, including 3 new stations, 21 more non-rigid airships, and 5 stations outside continental limits. I interrogated the Russian officers in regard to the subject non-rigids, today. All three of them said that they considered them useful for patrol purposes in times of peace, and of nome alight use in time of war for coastal protection on coasts not liable to hostile aircraft attack. However, they cade it clear that under existing conditions, they would infinitely rather put the materials and labor into heavier-than-air planes. Purthermore, it occurs to me that it might be the part of wisdom to test out the blimps already ordered before we build any more. I think you might have this studied by Operations and perhaps by the General Board. Perhaps we could put the money and effort to better use. F.D.R. ADDRESS REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY AND REFER TO INITIALS AND No. NAVY DEPARTMENT NA14/M4-2(410418) WASHINGTON MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: NONRIGID AIRSHIP PROGRAM. THE SEP WHITE 14 12 RECEIVED HOUSE AM pell 1. Presidential approval of the first increment of the nonrigid airship program was obtained on April 22, 1941, and this much of the program is now underway. In view of the time required to obtain necessary authorization and funds, to lay necessary advance plans and to avoid a break in the production and training programs, it is now time to obtain approval of the second increment of the pro- gram. 2. The second increment of the Department's non- rigid airship program involves 21 more blimps to complete the authorized 48, and three new naval air stations, one in each of the following general areas: Puget Sound, Southern California, Florida. 3. In addition, the Chief of Naval Operations considers it advisable to have authority, to be exercised at appropriate times, for five (5) additional nonrigid air- ship stations outside the continental limits in such loca- tions as the Secretary of the Navy may deem advisable, Wherever practicable, effort would be made to locate these in conjunction with other naval facilities. 4. Presidential approval at this time is there- fore recommended for the following: (a) Authorization and funds for the lighter-than-air stations in the Puget Sound, Southern California and Florida areas. (b) Funds for 21 more nonrigid air- ships. (c) Authorization for five lighter- than-air stations outside the continental limits. Frankstnon PSF Navy Folder 2-41 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 16, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR ADMIRAL STARK The enclosed three volumes were given to me by Mr. Churchill at Argentia, Newfoundland, on August tenth. They are special British Navy confidential charts and are extremely interesting. I do not think we have anything exactly like them. These volumes are my personal property, and I am depositing them in the new government Library at Hyde Park. However, if the hydro- graphic office wishes to photostat them or get information, I am entirely willing -- requesting only that they be returned to me to take to Hyde Park when the Navy is through with them. F. D. R. PSF Many Folder THE WHITE HOUSE PRIVATE AND WASHINGTON September 17, 1941. MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY FOR PREPARATION OF REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE. F. D. R. Memorandum to the President from Adolf Berle, dated Septmber 15th, in re the "Sessa" and the "Montana" re protect- ing our ships in the Atlantic. file name Folfer THE WHITE HOUSE confidential WASHINGTON CONFIDENTIAL October 8, 1941 PSF MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT The attached statistical summary of progress prepared from information supplied by the Bureau of Aeronautics is forwarded as being of possible interest to the President. Respectfully, J. R. BEARDALL [PSF] Capt. Beardall CONFIDENTIAL Franklin D. Roosevelt Libr. Navy DECLASSIFIED AERONAUTICS DOD DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58) STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF PROGRESS 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Date- 3-3-59 Signature- Carl S. spicer TABLES PAGE AIRPLANES AND ENGINES ON HAND 1 AIRPLANE PRODUCTION PROGRAM - 1 SEPTEMBER 1941 - 2 AIRPLANE AND ENGINE DELIVERIES BY CLASS 3 AIRPLANE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER 4 AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER 5 AVIATION PERSONNEL - STATUS 1 SEPTEMBER 1941 6 CHARTS STATUS OF AIRPLANE PROCUREMENT PROGRAM 7 DELIVERY PROGRESS ON 2-YEAR PROGRAM - AIRPLANES - 8 DELIVERY PROGRESS ON 2-YEAR PROGRAM - ENGINES - 9 SCHEDULED AND ACTUAL DELIVERIES OF AIRPLANES - COMBAT 10 SCHEDULED AND ACTUAL DELIVERIES OF AIRPLANES - NON-COMBAT - - 11 AIRPLANE DELIVERIES - TRAINERS 12 AIRPLANE DELIVERIES - FIGHTERS, BOMBERS AND SCOUTS 13 WEEKLY AIRPLANE DELIVERIES BY CLASS 14 WEEKLY AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES - PRATT AND WHITNEY 15 WEEKLY AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES - WRIGHT 16 WEEKLY AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES - OTHER MANUFACTURERS - - 17 PILOT PERSONNEL - 1 SEPTEMBER 1941 18 DIVISION OF REPORTS OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY REPRODUCTION OF THIS MATERIAL IN ANY FORM IS NOT AUTHORIZED EXCEPT BY SPECIFIC APPROVAL OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY СОИЕ - 1 - AIRPLANES AND ENGINES ON HAND AIRPLANES ON HAND - - 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Total Authorized On Hand Delivered On Hand Class of Airplane Planned Complement 8 Sep 9-15 Sep 15 Sep Program 30 Sep Scout Bomber 3,077 992 664 1 664(a) Torpedo Bomber 1,277 222 101 0 101 Bomber (2 engine) 78 o 1 0 1 Patrol Bomber (2 engine) 1,450 595 398 1 399 Patrol Bomber (4 engine) 505 6 5 0 5 Observation Scout 2,079 1,217 434 11 442(c) Fighter 2,907 704 439 13 450(b) Utility (1 engine) 349 214 101 o 101 Utility (2 engine) 198 103 57 2 58(a) Transport (1 engine) 79 15 23 1 24 Transport (2 engine) 139 34 19 o 19 Trainer (primary) 1,920 1,740 1,504 20 1,521(d) Trainer (advanced) 942 520 396 3 399 All Classes 15,000 6,362 4,142 52 4,184 (a) One plane stricken from this class during week. (b) Two planes stricken from this class during week. (c) Three planes stricken from this class during week. (d) Four planes stricken from this class during week. AIRPLANE ENGINES ON HAND - 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Total Authorized Class of Airplane On Hand Delivered On Hand Planned Complement To Which Allocated 30 Sep 8 Sep 9-15 Sep 15 Sep Program Scout Bomber 4,231 1,364 1,320 o 1,320 Torpedo Bomber 1,756 306 272 2 274 Bomber (2 engine) 273 0 2 1 3 Patrol Bomber (2 engine) 5,075 2,083 1,377 0 1,377 Patrol Bomber (4 engine) 3,535 42 42 0 42 Observation Scout 2,859 1,674 1,182 1 1,183 Fighter 3,998 968 869 13 882 Utility (1 engine) 524 321 251 0 251 Utility (2 engine) 594 309 293 o 293 Transport (1 engine) 119 23 41 1 42 Transport (2 engine) 417 102 141 10 151 Trainer (primary) 2,560 2,320 2,051 42 2,093 Trainer (advanced) 1,256 694 661 6 667 All Classes 27,197 10,206 8,502 76 8,578 All figures are for "useful" planes, the required installation and spare engines. "Authorized Complement" is based on the needs of existing ship and shore facilities, including spares. so (B & R) Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics REPORTS AIRPLANE PRODUCTION PROGRAM Procurement Inspectors 31 August 1941 Allocat 1943 Class of Un- Undis- Airplane Total allo- trib- cated Manufacturer Model Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun uted Scout Bomber 3,625 1,902 85 85 85 85 85 38 Brewster SB2A Curtiss-Wright SBC SB2C 85 85 85 85 85 38 Douglas SBD N.A.F. SBN Vought-Sikorsky SB2U Torpedo Bomber 1,430 753 Grumman TBF 30 30 30 30 30 30 23 Bomber - 85 o (2 engine) Douglas BD Martin B2M Patrol Bomber 1,555 328 60 46 46 46 46 16 46 46 46 46 110 (2 engine) Boeing PBB Consolidated PBY5 PBY5A 14 PHY6 Martin PBM 40 40 40 40 40 10 40 40 40 40 20 N.A.F. PBN 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 90 Patrol Bomber 540 281 (4 engine) Consolidated PB2Y 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 21 38 110 Observation 2,644 926 Scout Curtiss-Wright S03C N.A.F. 0S2N Vought-Sikorsky OS2U Fighter 3,470 1,343 85 85 85 56 45 45 45 66 45 45 20 Brewster F2A F3A Grumman FLF 40 40 40 11 21 F6F Vought-Sikorsky FLU 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 20 Utility 425 281 (1 engine) Grumman J2F Utility 205 154 (2 engine) Beech JRB Grumman JRF Transport 90 67 (1 engine) Beech GB Transport 145 59 6 (2 engine) Douglas R3D R&D 6 Trainer 2,235 568 (primary) N.A.F. N3N Ryan NR Spartan NP Stearman N2S Trainer 1,001 150 30 50 50 76 (advanced) Curtiss-Wright SNC North American SNJ 30 50 50 76 Vultee SNV Miscellaneous 2 2 2 Total 17,450 6,812 266 251 284 276 268 220 132 133 112 129 242 Note: The "Miscellaneous" category includes all - Total determined prior to allocation of pl so (B & R) REPORTS Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics 2 AIRPLANE PRODUCTION PROGRAM AIRPLANE PRODUCTION PROGRAM - 1 SEPTEMBER 1941 Procurement Program Total Deliveries Under Contracts Deliveries M Retimated by Naval Inspectors 31 August 1941 Class of Allocated to Manufacturer Un- Deliv- Unde- 1941 1942 1943 Airplane Total allo- ared livered Undia- cated Manufacturer Model Number To be Being Ordered to at trib- Ordered Ordered 1 Sep 1 Sep Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Det Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun uted Scout Bomber 3,625 1,902 1,723 o 487 1,236 379 857 22 12 2á 2 10 30 25 36 42 75 82 Brewster 203 of 02 SB2A o 203 02 82 203 I 85 o 02 20 10 30 35 35 35 35 22 Curtise-Wright SBC 50 o o 50 50 o 8820 865 o 287 578 o 578 1 14 40 8 85 85 Douglas 85 518 85 SBD 85 0 200 38 318 249 69 16 17 34 2 N.A.F. SEN 30 0 0 30 23 7 7 Vought-Sikorsky SB2U 57 0 o 57 57 o Torpedo Bomber 1,430 753 Gruman THE 677 351 o 326 0 326 2 4 6 a 12 16 20 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 23 Bomber . 85 o 07 78 BD 9 ol olo or (2 engine) of è H - é à Douglas 4 4 Martin B2M 78 78 o 0 o 0 Patrol Bomber 1,555 328 1,227 olo o 202 1,025 182 BL3 2 2 16 18 11 12 22 (2 engine) to 22 22 22 52 SI Boeing PBB 90 90 of IS 15. 45 M 16 5 B 46 110 o o Consolidated PBT5 167 o o 167 162 5 5 PBY5A 145 o 22 123 o 123 2 15 17 6 é 9 10 10 11 7 16 14 PHY6 90 o 90 o o o Martin PBM 579 o 0 579 20 559 1 1 2 5 e 12 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 10 40 40 40 LO 20 N.A.F. FBN 156 o o 156 0 156 3 3 é é 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 90 Patrol Bomber 540 281 (4 engine) Consolidated PB2Y 259 o o 259 5 254 1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 21 38 110 Observation 2,644 926 1,718 200 of 1,518 224 1,246 11 22 22 & a 112 125 155 155 155 91 24 Scout Curties-Wright 8030 500 200 OF 300 o 300 1 1 12 25 45 55 55 51 55 N.A.F. 082N 300 o o 300 o 300 1 20 40 40 40 40 40 5 39 Vought-Sikorsky 0820 918 o o 918 274 644 65 70 79 60 8 8 8 70 60 60 Fighter 3,470 1,343 2,127 of 404 1,643 344 1,299 99 or 5 IS IS 41 45 48 20 St 20 82 82 85 85 Browster M à F2A E E 12 W à 22 162 o 162 79 83 59 24 F3A 260 o 260 o o o Grumman PLP 897 o o 897 265 632 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 S 5 40 40 40 40 5 40 11 21 FOR 186 0 184 o o o Vought-Sikorsky FLU 624 o 40 584 o 584 1 5 a 10 20 30 40 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 20 Utility 425 281 (1 engine) Gruman J27 144 0 o 144 1 143 10 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 18 3 Utility 205 154 51 olo oro 51 29 22 10 2 (2 engine) à 1 Beech JRB 26 26 15 11 4 Gruman JHF 25 o o 25 14 11 3 3 4 1 Transport 90 67 (1 engine) Beech 08 23 o o 23 5 18 7 7 4 Transport 145 59 86 olo 48 20 wio 30 2 to 1 (2 engine) à Douglas 10 â R3D 6 o 6 o RLD 80 o 48 32 2 30 5 8 1 4 6 6 Trainer 2,235 568 1,667 (primary) N.A.F. N3N 766 010 ok 1,667 1,281 386 OF 582 812 60 70 77 58 to 22 26 24 12 766 184 50 50 50 y Ryan MR 100 0 0 100 97 3 3 Spartan NP 201 o 0 201 3 198 6 20 27 26 30 22 26 24 19 Stearman N28 600 o o 600 599 1 1 Trainer 1,001 150 851 olo oio 851 302 242 75 28 82 59 (advanced) E 20 22 52 26 Ourtine-Wright SNC 150 150 46 104 30 30 30 14 North American SNJ 501 o o 501 181 320 20 23 27 20 24 30 50 50 76 Vultee SNV 200 o o 200 75 125 25 25 25 25 25 Miscellaneous 39 o 0 39 21 18 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 2 2 2 Total 17,450 6,812 10,679 629 1,221 8,629 2,832 5,997 356 333 351 259 234 223 281 314 326 343 313 351 266 251 264 276 268 220 132 133 112 129 242 Note: The *Miscellaneous* category includes all experimental types, and miscellaneous types manufactured under contract with Fairchild and Lockheed. Total determined prior to allocation of planes. so (B & R) REPORTS Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics - 3 - AIRPLANE AND ENGINE DELIVERIES BY CLASS AIRPLANE DELIVERIES BY CLASS - 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Total Total Total Total Delivered Estimated Class of Airplane Procurement Contracted Due to Delivered Program to 15 Sep 30 Sep to 15 Sep Jul Aug Sep 1-15 Sep Oct Nov Scout Bomber 3,625 1,236 442 380 24 20 1 23 17 34 Torpedo Bomber 1,430 326 1 0 o 0 0 o o o Bomber (2) 85 9 5 1 o o o o 0 0 Patrol Bomber (2) 1,555 1,025 200 186 35 31 4 5 2 16 Patrol Bomber (4) 540 259 5 5 1 o 0 0 o 0 Observation Scout 2,644 1,518 578 294 13 55 20 65 70 79 Fighter 3,470 1,643 349 371 33 53 27 99 64 40 Utility (1) 425 144 20 1 o 1 0 10 15 15 Utility (2) 205 51 43 34 0 9 5 10 7 4 Transport (1) 90 26 19 9 2 3 1 7 7 4 Transport (2) 145 45 28 15 2 1 0 o 0 0 Trainer (primary) 2,235 1,667 1,372 1,308 157 141 27 60 70 77 Trainer (advanced) 1,001 851 268 313 48 118 11 75 78 82 Miscellaneous 29 18 11 0 0 O 2 3 0 All Classes 17,450 8,829 3,348 2,928 315 432 96 356 333 351 AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES BY CLASS -15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Total Total Class of Airplane Total Total Delivered Estimated to which Allocated Procurement Contracted Due to Delivered Jul Aug Sep Program to 15 Sep 30 Sep to 15 Sep Sep Oct Nov 1-15 Scout Bomber 4,985 1,307 454 513 19 27 5 19 7 0 Torpedo Bomber 1,967 741 126 98 20 17 3 43 45 41 Bomber (2) 298 28 10 2 0 0 o 10 o 0 Patrol Bomber (2) 5,443 2,153 813 674 55 3 3 105 175 75 Patrol Bomber (4) 3,780 1,810 36 36 o 4 o 0 o o Observation Scout 3,636 2,032 799 615 63 56 51 99 90 125 Fighter 4,772 1,322 598 546 50 65 13 100 130 126 Utility (1) 638 216 o 49 23 17 o 33 12 16 Utility (2) 615 141 141 141 18 11 12 12 0 0 Transport (1) 135 33 26 16 2 3 1 7 7 4 Transport (2) 435 172 70 85 5 7 10 25 o o Trainer (primary) 2,980 2,318 1,466 1,744 139 194 58 103 100 100 Trainer (advanced) 1,335 1,117 497 560 36 115 36 70 107 55 Miscellaneous 87 68 59 2 2 2 6 4 o All Classes 31,019 13,477 5,104 5,138 432 521 194 632 677 542 "Total Procurement Program" represents the number of planes and engines required to meet the 15,000 plane program. Engines allocated to the various classes of planes can, in some instances, be allocated to other types. Delivery estimates represent latest reports of naval inspectors at manu- facturers' plants. so (B & R) REPORTS Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics - 4 - AIRPLANE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER AIRPLANE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER - 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Manufacturer Model Total Total Total Delivered Estimated and Class Series Contracted Due to Delivered to 15 Sep 30 Sep to 15 Sep Jul Aug Sep 1-15 Sep Oct Nov Brewster: Scout Bomber SB2A 203 5 o 0 0 o 0 0 0 Fighter F2A 162 162 97 1 24 18 59 24 0 Consolidated: Patrol Bomber (2) PBY 290 180 166 35 31 4 5 2 15 Patrol Bomber (4) PB2Y 259 5 5 1 0 0 o o o Curtiss-Wright: Scout Bomber SBC 628 50 50 O o o 0 0 0 SB2C Observation Scout S03C 300 2 0 o o o o 0 o Trainer (advanced) SNC 150 120 51 25 20 5 30 30 30 Douglas: Scout Bomber SBD, BD 327 305 251 19 20 1 16 17 34 Transport (2) R3D,R4D 38 21 8 0 o 0 0 O 0 Grumman: Torpedo Bomber TBF 326 1 o O o 0 0 O O Fighter F4F 897 187 274 32 29 9 40 40 40 Utility (1) J2F 144 20 1 0 1 o 10 15 15 Utility (2) JRF 25 22 15 1 3 1 3 3 4 Martin: Patrol Bomber (2) PBM 579 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 1 N.A.F.: Scout Bomber SBN 30 30 23 4 o o 7 o 0 Observation Scout OS2N 300 0 0 o o o 0 o 0 Patrol Bomber PBN 156 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 Trainer (primary) N3N 766 558 602 50 50 20 50 50 50 North American: Trainer (advanced) SNJ 501 48 187 23 23 6 20 23 27 Ryan: Trainer (primary) NR 100 100 98 41 56 1 3 0 0 Spartan: Trainer (primary) NP 201 134 9 0 2 6 6 20 27 Stearman: Trainer (primary) N2S 600 580 599 66 33 o 1 o o Vought-Sikorsky: Fighter F4U 584 0 o o o o 0 0 0 Scout Bomber SB2U 57 57 57 1 0 0 0 0 0 Observation Scout OS2U 918 576 294 13 55 20 65 70 79 Vultee: Trainer (advanced) SNV 200 100 75 o 75 0 25 25 25 Miscellaneous 88 65 46 3 10 5 16 14 4 Total 8,829 3,348 2,928 315 432 96 356 333 351 The "Miscellaneous" category includes all experimental types, and miscellaneous types manufactured under various contracts with the following: Beech Aircraft Corporation, Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, and Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Delivery estimates are as of 31 August 1941, and represent latest reports of naval inspectors at the manufacturers' plants. Figure in parentheses next to class of plane indicates number of engines. SO (B & R) REPORTS Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics - 5 - AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER AIRPLANE ENGINE DELIVERIES BY MANUFACTURER - 15 SEPTEMBER 1941 Manufacturer and Total Total Total Delivered Estimated Class of Airplane Contracted Due to Delivered To Which Allocated Jul to 15 Sep to 15 Sep Aug Sep 30 Sep 1-15 Sep Oct Nov Continental: Trainer (primary) 633 500 633 0 0 0 o 0 0 Lycoming: Trainer (primary) 433 255 278 40 40 30 40 40 40 N.A.F.: Trainer (primary) 968 461 552 58 64 28 60 60 60 Pratt & Whitney: Scout Bomber 76 76 76 0 0 o o o O Patrol Bomber (2) 1,032 676 587 14 0 0 40 140 40 Patrol Bomber (4) 1,432 36 36 O 4 0 0 0 0 Observation Scout 1,632 614 614 63 56 50 89 70 95 Fighter 1,111 454 361 40 55 13 90 120 120 Utility (2) 141 141 141 18 11 12 12 0 o Transport (1) 30 23 13 2 3 1 7 7 4 Transport (2) 143 41 56 33 7 10 25 o O Trainer (advanced) 717 253 346 30 30 30 30 30 30 Total P & W 6,314 2,314 2,230 200 166 116 293 367 289 Ranger: Observation Scout 400 185 1 o 0 1 10 20 30 Ryan: * Trainer (primary) 134 100 75 41 90 0 3 o 0 Vultee: ** Trainer (advanced) 200 100 131 o 75 o 25 25 25 Wright: Scout Bomber 1,231 378 437 19 19 5 19 7 0 Torpedo Bomber 741 126 98 20 25 3 43 45 41 Bomber (2) 10 o 0 o 0 o 10 0 0 Patrol Bomber (2) 1,118 134 87 11 2 3 62 35 35 Patrol Bomber (4) 378 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 Fighter 211 144 185 10 10 0 10 10 6 Utility (1) 216 0 49 23 17 0 33 12 16 Transport (2) 9 9 9 2 o 0 o o O Trainer (primary) 150 150 150 o 0 0 0 o 0 Trainer (advanced) 200 144 139 o 6 6 15 52 o Total Wright 4,264 1,085 1,154 85 79 17 192 161 98 Miscellaneous 131 104 84 8 4 2 9 4 o TOTAL 13,477 5,104 5,138 432 518 194 632 677 542 The "Miscellaneous" category includes experimental engines, and test types, as well as engines for L.T.A. craft. Delivery estimates are as of 31 August 1941, and represent latest reports of the naval inspectors at the engine manufacturers' plants. Engines allocated to the various classes of planes can, in some instances, be allocated to other types. Figure in parentheses next to class of plane indicates number of engines. * Kinner engines supplied by Ryan. ** Pratt & Whitney engines supplied by Vultee. so (B & R) Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics. REPORTS - 6 - AVIATION PERSONNEL STATUS OF AVIATION PERSONNEL - 1 SEPTEMBER 1941 Active Total Number New Pilots Personnel in Service In Type of Personnel Required Training for 15,000 1 July 1 Sept 7/1/40- July 1 Sept Aug Planes 8/31/41 1941 1940 1941 1941 1941 NAVY 172,136 29,245 63,275 1,722 211 302 4,049 Flight Personnel 47,795 5,952 12,037 1,722 211 302 4,049 Pilots Officers, Regular 4,089 1,099 1,596 175 8 8 61 Officers, Reserve 9,056 1,050 2,259 1,430 177 272 - Enlisted 3,340 587 649 117 26 22 261 Cadets (a) - - - - - - 3,727 Total Pilots 16,485 2,736 4,504 1,722 211 302 4,049 Non-Pilots Officers 110 28 58 - - - - Enlisted 31,200 3,188 7,475(b) - - - - Total Non-Pilots 31,310 3,216 7,533 - - - - Non-Flying Personnel 124,341 23,293 51,238 - - - - Officers 3,808 790 2,971 - - - - Enlisted 120,533 22,503 48,267(b) - - - - U. S. MARINE CORPS 34,112 1,947 4,416 159 22 18 271 Flight Personnel 6,854 676 1,282 159 22 18 271 Pilots Officers, Regular 1,100 200 296 30 0 o 10 Officers, Reserve 2,061 104 188 114 21 18 - Enlisted 945 45 52 15 1 0 18 Cadets (a) - - - - - - 243 Total Pilots 4,106 349 536 159 22 18 271 Non-Pilots Officers o 1 2 - - - - Enlisted 2,748 326 744 - - - - Total Non-Pilots 2,748 327 746 - - - - Non-Flying Personnel 27,258 1,271 3,134 - - - - Officers 218 16 25 - - - - Enlisted 27,040 1,255 3,109 - - - - GRAND TOTAL NAVY & USMC 206,248 31,192 67,691 1,881 233 320 4,320 (a) Cadets who have completed training are included under "Officers, Reserve". (b) As of 1 August 1941. so (B & R) Source of Information: Bureau of Aeronautics REPORTS