Volume 812, January 24 – January 26, 1945

DIARY Book 812 January 24-26, 1945 Regraded Unclassified - A - Book Page Appointments and Resignations Fiscal Assistant Secretary: See Treasury Department Austria Resistance movement outlined in Office of Strategic Services report - 1/24/45 812 173 - B - - Balkan Countries See War Refugee Board Bartelt, 1. 7. See Treasury Department: Fiscal Assistant Secretary Belgium (Breedonck) See War Refugee Board: German prison caMp Bell, Daniel W. See Treasury Department: Fiscal Assistant Secretary Bretton Woods Conference See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor Burma Road See China - C - Cabinet Committee on Legislative Program See Foreign Economic Policy Board Cabinet Legislative Committee See also Book 809 Il Foreign Economic Policy Board Chase National Bank See Foreign Funds Control China See also Book 810 Future negotiations discussed by HMJr. Kung, Chi, White, and Friedman - 1/26/45 269 a) Burma Road traffic discussed b) Adjustment for last three months of year discussed. 273 Churchill, Winston See Post-War Planning: Germany Congress of Industrial Organisations See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor Correspondence Mrs. Forbush's mail report - 1/26/45 300 Crowley, Leo T. See Foreign Economic Policy Board - F - Financing, Government War Savings Bonds: Inter-Racial Section report sent to HMJr by Houghteling - 1/24/45 30 Regraded Unclassified - - } - (Continued) Book Page Fiscal Assistant Secretary See Treasury Department Foreign Economic Policy Board See also Book 810 HMJr suggests to Grew (State Department) an immediate initial meeting of Cabinet Legislative Committee "to start ball rolling" 1/24/45 812 12 Acheson tells HMJr of Crowley's displeasure over entire set-up - 1/24/45 20 Copy of authorisation of Cabinet Legislative Committee signed by FDR sent to Grew - 1/24/45 155 Meetings (after initial one) to be held at State Department - Grew suggestion - 1/26/45 267 Conference in HMJr's office: present: HMJr. Grew, Acheson, Harold Smith, White, and O'Connell - 1/27/45: See Book 813, page 15 a) Secretary of Commerce to be added to group immediately following Wallace's confirmation b) Working committee to be Acheson (State), Baily (Budget), O'Connell (Treasury) c) Minutes of first meeting as prepared by Grew - 2/5/45: Book 816, page 158 Foreign Funds Control Chase National Bank: White urges trial of case against - 1/24/45 140 Foreign Trade Zones Board Report for fiscal year June 30, 1944: Recommendation that HMJr sign - 1/24/45 141 France See Lend-Lease - H - - Handler, Milton See War Refugee Board: Balkan Countries Heat in Treasury Buildings See Treasury Department - I - Italy See Treasury Representatives Abroad - L - Labor See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor La Roche, Chester (Blue Network) See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor Regraded Unclassified - L - (Continued) Book Page Legislative Committee. Cabinet See Foreign Economic Policy Board Lend-Lease France See also Book 808 Monnet-HMJr-White-Oscar Cox conference - 1/24/45 812 11 a) Monnet about to leave for France Clayton (State Department) telephone conversation and conference with HMJr - 1/25/15 205,207 a) Suggests signing master agreement immediately with later examination of dollar and gold situation 1) Crowley joins in HMJr's disapproval of signing master agreement until dollar balance is explored: See Book 815, page 7 Grew letter - 1/25/45 211 a) Timing of letter, in view of Clayton-HMJr talks, discussed by HMJr and Clayton - 1/26/45 256,258 b) Treasury reply - - 2/2/45: Book 815, page 197 Clayton asked by HMJr status of agreement as of 11 o'clock January 26, 1945 250 a) HMJr suggests that Treasury, State, and Foreign Economic Administration confer and present united front to the French 252 b) Treasury (White), State (Clayton), and Foreign Economic Administration (Cox) confer in Clayton's office - 1/27/45: Book 813, page 9 Conference; present: HMJr, White, Glasser, and Aarone - 1/29/45: Book 813, page 159 a) Forrestal-HMJr conversation reported to Cox: Book 813, page 168 Conference: present: Treasury group, Clayton, Cox, Mitchell, and Ferguson - 1/29/45: Book 813, page 173 Cables giving Bidault's resume' of situation transmitted by Cox - 1/29/45: Book 813, pages 215,220 United Kingdom Aircraft despatched. weeks ending January 5 and 12 - British Air Commission report - 1/24/45 165 Federal Reserve Bank of New York statement showing dollar disbursements, week ending January 17, 1945 - 1/24/45 168 - M - Macy, R. H., Pension Plan See Social Security - Monnet, Jean See Lend-Lease: France Morgenthau, Henry, Jr. See Post-War Planning: Germany (proposed story by Twitty, New York Herald Tribune) Murray, Philip (Congress of Industrial Organizations) See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor Regraded Unclassified - If - Book Page Negroes See Financing, Government: War Savings Bonds (Inter-Racial Section report) - 0 - Office of Defense Transportation See Treasury Department Office of Price Administration "The Story of Wartime Rationing": Bowles congratulated by HMJr - 1/24/45 812 137 - P - - Post-War Planning Bretton Woods Conference: See Speeches by HMJr Germany Proposed story by Twitty (New York Herald Tribune) concerning HMJr's views - 1/24/45. 29 Pravdin (representative of Tass)-Gaston conversation - 1/25/45 214 Churchill's comment in House of Commons on "hard peace" terms and stiffening of German resistance - Grew transmits January 16 cable on January 25, 1945 228 a) HMJr protests poor service to State Department - 1/27/45: See Book 813, page 1 Pravdin, Vladimir (representative of Tass) See Post-War Planning: Germany - R - - Rationing "The Story of Wartime Rationing": See Office of Price Administration Rosenman, Samuel I. Mission to Europe discussed by Rosenman and HMJr - 1/24/45 27 a) "Cutting across Treasury authority" - HMJr's reaction D) HMJr asks for advance copy of any report before transmitting to FDR c) British-French-Dutch negotiations with Treasury already far advanced d) Italy really should be visited, HMJr thinks - S - Social Security Changes in coverage outlined by Blough with special reference to R.H. Macy and Company plan - 1/26/45 298 Regraded Unclassified - S - (Continued) Book Page Speeches by HMJr Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor: Four-minute radio speech Draft 1 - 1/25/45 812 215 . 2 - 1/26/45 292 Reading copy, CIO broadcast - 1/27/45: See Book 813. pages 19,42 a) Murray (Philip) and La Roche (Chester) congratulated by HMJr - 1/29/45: Book 813, pages 229,234 - T - Tasca, Henry J. - Lieutenant Commander See Treasury Representatives Abroad Tass (Russian Newspaper) See Post-War Planning: Germany Travel Restrictions (Office of Defense Transportation) See Treasury Department Treasury Department 68-degree temperature--as suggested by Byrnes--agreed to by HMJr - 1/24/45 133 Travel restrictions of Office of Defense Transportation agreed to by Treasury - 1/25/45 222 Fiscal Assistant Secretary: D.W. Bell's memorandum suggesting interim appointment for Bartelt - 1/25/45 218 Treasury Representatives Abroad Future assignments outlined in White memorandum - 1/26/45 313 Treatment in Italy discussed by Treasury group - 2/7/45: See Book 817. page 27 a) Brand-HMJr conversation - 2/7/45: Book 817. page 31 Tasca, Henry J. - Lieutenant Commander: Navy asked to place on inactive list in connection with assignment to American Embassy, Rome - 2/7/45: Book 817, page 141 Twitty, Tom (New York Herald Tribune) See Post-War Planning: Germany (proposed story on HMJr's views) - U - U.S.S.R. See Post-War Planning: Germany United Kingdom See Lend-Lease - V - Vallace, Heary A. Appointment as Secretary of Commerce and Head of Reconstruction Finance Corporation Discussed by HMJr and Treasury group - 1/24/45 7 a) HMJr wants Treasury to help Wallace in every way possible Regraded Unclassified - W - (Continued) Book Page Wallace, Henry A. (Continued) Appointment as Secretary of Commerce and Head of Reconstruction Finance Corporation (Continued) HMJr's letter to Texas resident who indirectly threatened no further purchase of War Bonds with Wallace as chairman of RFC - 1/24/45 812 129 HMJr's statement (press release) - 1/26/45 320 a) Wallace's testimony before Senate Committee on Commerce 321 b) Wallace thanks HMJr for statement - 1/30/45: See Book 814. page 89 "Financing for Small Business" - prepared in Treasury for Wallace - 1/31/45: Book 814, page 292 Wallace-HMJr conversation concerning suggested HMJr letter to FDR - 2/2/45: Book 815, page 118 a) Discussion by HMJr, Gaston, O'Connell, White, Luxford, and DuBois: Book 815. page 138 1) Letter and accompanying clippings as sent by Wallace: Book 815, page 123 Mead gives HMJr present picture - 2/3/45: Book 816, page 1 Letter to FDR as sent by HMJr - 2/3/45: Book 816, page 29 "Situation improving" Wallace tells HMJr - 2/16/45: Book 820, page 55 War Refugee Board Balkan Countries: Situation reviewed in Handler (Milton) letter and in Pehle report - 1/24/45 177 a) Handler letter acknowledged by HMJr - 1/25/45 235 Breedonck, Belgium Report on German prison camp - 1/26/45 333 British report - 2/1/45: See Book 815, page 65 War Savings Bonds See Financing, Government Regraded Unclassified 1 January 24, 1945 10:10 a.m. BRETTON WOODS LEGISLATION FEDERAL RESERVE LEGISLATION Present: Mr. White Mr. O'Connell Mr. Blough Mr. DuBois Mr. Haas Mr. Luxford Mr. D. W. Bell Mr. C. S. Bell Mr. Coyne Mr. Pehle Mrs. Klotz H.M.JR: Where do we stand on Bretton Woods? MR. O'CONNELL: Right where we did yesterday, sir. H.M.JR: Something better happen between now and noon! MR. LUXFORD: Mr. Secretary, Joe and I talked about this, and I think that we are both agreed that the question is one of Congressional strategy in the final analysis, and under the circumstances-- H.M.JR: Who's this? MR. LUXFORD: ...Mr. Secretary-- MR. WHITE: Well, now. (Laughter) MR. LUXFORD: He is not on his good behavior any more. MR. WHITE: This reminds me-- H.M.JR: He said, "I will be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury during my working hours." He does it under oath, too. Regraded Unclassified 2 - 2 - MR. WHITE: During the working hours, I am going to deserve the honor. I will be on my own after working hours. MR. HAAS: Eight hours, Harry? MR. WHITE: Eight or nine. MR. LUXFORD: To continue on Bretton Woods, the question is one of Congressional strategy and it is the most appropriate form of question to submit to the group that will be here today, because no one is seeking to do anything more than anticipated, which is the preferable approach from the point of view of Congress, and to submit that to this group would be, in my mind, the appropriate thing to do. MR. 0' CONNELL: I think it is perfectly proper to submit it to this group as one of the problems, but thinking of what Mr. Wolcott said at Mr. Abram's office, he made it clear he didn't Want any understanding other than that Congress was going to write this legislation and they would be happy to have our suggestions, but he did not want anyone to think the Executive Branch was responsible, either for the form or content of the legislation. I think it could be mentioned to this group this noon. In the final analysis I think the decision as to the form of legislation with respect to the matter we have been discussing as to what kind' of face you put on the legislation, it is best to avoid a long discussion over whether or not this should be a treaty. It's the same sort of problem--it shouldn't be so acute a problem-- as in connection with the St. Lawrence waterways, because in that case they set it up as a treaty first, and when it was turned out they changed the form of the thing from a treaty to an agreement and sent it up again for legislation. That made Dean Acheson very concerned about the sort of face we put on the legislation. Dean feels one way is better. Regraded Unclassified 3 - 3 - MR. LUXFORD: And the men that have been working on it from our point of view for months feel that that will look a little bit devious, and the straightforward way to do it is to have Congress authorize the execution of the treaty. We cannot come to an agreement with Dean, and if we did, it would be subject to what the Congressional people would decide. H.M.JR: Let's put it up to them. MR. LUXFORD: That's appropriate. MR. O'CONNELL: We can't get a decision that would be binding. I think it would be a mistake to expect the Delegates to make a decision with respect to a matter, which in the final analysis, is up to the Senate. H.M.JR: Suppose you give me a memo I could read as to what the point is, because I haven't had time. MR. O'CONNELL: I would be glad to. MR. WHITE: Couldn't we meet that by getting an expression of their views, with an understanding among the group, that it's up to the Congressional people? MR. O'CONNELL: I wouldn't want to go so far as to have it appear that this group is going to decide the form of legislation. It might be mentioned as one of the problems which go down to the Congressional people. MR. WHITE: Do you plan to raise the question before Appropriations? MR. BELL: I think it is all right to raise the question today, but you ought to keep in back of your minds that finances come first in all matters in the Treasury today, and if this discussion of the ratio and the extension of authority to pledge Government securities behind Federal Reserve notes, then, is going to extend into the next War Loan, I think you have a problem on your hands, and it ought to be considered from that standpoint right now. Regraded Unclassified 4 - 4 - MR. O'CONNELL: You weren't thinking of that, were you, Harry? MR. D.W. BELL: You were going to discuss which takes precedence. H.M.JR: This is something between State as to the form of Bretton Woods legislation. When I was up there Monday, I mentioned the fact about Federal Reserve coming up. MR. D.W. BELL: I thought it was a question of going to Congress. MR. O'CONNELL: That's not going to come up this afternoon. I'll tell you about my meeting yesterday. H.M.JR: Go ahead. I agree with what Bell said. My first job is revenue and borrowing. MR. 'CONNELL: Well, it was pretty clear after the meeting that Mr. Eccles and I had yesterday with Spence and Wolcott that there is little to worry about with regard to any definite conflict between Reserve Ratio Legislation and Bretton Woods Legislation. We talked with the Congress- men for a couple of hours, and it was made perfectly clear to them that everything else being equal or not, the Secretary is very anxious that Bretton Woods be given as much a right of way as possible. Neither Spence nor Wolcott seemed to think, after we had discussed Federal Reserve legislation with them, that that legislation was going to take very much time. They were talking in terms of possibly one or two hearings in the Senate and House Banking and Currency Committees. There are three or four items which may come up before Bretton Woods, and they seem to feel we could cross the broige insofar as any con- flict, for example, on Commodity Credit, is concerned. (Mrs. Klotz leaves the conference.) Regraded Unclassified 5. - 5 - MR. O'CONNELL: The committee hasen't been organized yet because the new Republican members have not been approved by the House, and they probably won't be approved until next week. The first thing they will take up is Commodity Credit legislation. (Mrs. Klotz re-enters conference.) MR. O'CONNELL: After Commodity Credit legislation, as of yesterday, it looked to them as though they could take up and get out of the way very quickly the Federal Reserve legislation. As of this morning, I find that Mr. Crawford's resolution, which is the counter-part of the George Resolution, separating the lending function from the Department of Commerce, has always been referred to the Banking and Currency Committee. I am merely mentioning this to illustrate that the Federal Reserve legislation isn't the only legislation. It may go into a half-dozen things more that will come up. They may be considered and got out of the way, and nothing that happened yesterday, it seemed to me, should cause us to be at all concerned about the Federal Reserve legisla- tion putting any obstacle in our way with regard to Bretton Woods. The bill has not been introduced yet. Wolcott and Spence will not introduce the bill until we have talked to Wagner, because they would like to have an identical bill introduced in the Senate and House. It may be they will consider it in the Senate first, and if so, and it is our plan to handle Bretton Woods in the House first, there are so many different possibilities. It seems we are still in pretty good shape. Neither Spence nor Wolcott seemed to have any doubt the Federal Reserve legislation would go through, as far as their committee is concerned, within a minimum of time with only such debate as would be involved by having Dr. Smith at one extreme making a couple of speeches and Wright Patman arguing at the other extreme on the general question. MR. WHITE: They didn't think there was danger of a complete examination of our monetary system? Regraded Unclassified S - 6 - MR. O'CONNELL: They did not, other than as Wright Patman and Smith might do. Every year they make the same type of suggestions and proposals. I think if it should develop, and there absolutely is no way of guaranteeing it won't, if it should start to develop into something like that, it might be possible to cut the thing off, although Spence is not a very effective chairman in cutting off a debate or reducing the length of a hearing. But as of the moment they seem to be not at all concerned over difficulties involved in that legislation. They are non-controversial. The only suggestion Wolcott made was it might be that Eccles might think after discussing the bill that it might be good judgment to compromise on the provisions, making permanent the authority to pledge Government organization as collateral for Federal Reserve notes. Now, if that is the biggest point Wolcott can think of, it seems to me we haven't anything to worry about now. That is all I have to report. H.M.JR: Do you want to say anything? Are you satisfied? MR. D.W. BELL: Yes, very. H.M.JR: Are you satisfied? MR. WHITE: Yes. I am not completely satisfied with the procedure, but that is-- MR. O'CONNELL: What do you mean? MR. WHITE: I thought first we were going to discuss it with Federal Reserve, because there is some difference of opinion as to the urgency of the legislation among us, but that is over. H.M.JR: I want to say in defense, not that it needs any defense, but 0' Conneil's hand was forced on it. He didn't have time. Regraded Unclassified 7 - 7 - MR. O'CONNELL: I didn't ever talk to Eccles except over the phone, and we couldn't get together at all, and he called me the night before and said he had an appoint- ment at eleven with Mr. Spence. H.M.JR: I wanted to give 0' 'Connell enough leeway. If he calls me up every five minutes on the phone and says can I do this and can I do that-- MR. WHITE: I didn't realize that was the situation. H.M.JR: He just had to move. I mean he had to go up. MR. D.W. BELL: It seems to me you might get this legislation completely out of the House before you get Bretton Woods started. MR. O'CONNELL: I think so. There was no way of suggesting that Mr. Eccles should not talk to them ór the bill should not be introduced. The sole question is the order in which those things are considered in the Committee, and it seems to me we are in as good shape as we can expect to be in in that matter. H.M.JR: May I say something in the room here--extra confidential--if you people know what is going on you may have some idea. I am walking down every morning with Wallace, SO I know what is going on. He made up his mind-- he evidently had a counting of noses. He said he couldn't get Commerce and RFC. They have had enough votes to put the George bill through. MR. GASTON: Over a veto? H.M.JR: I didn't ask him that, but he said he had a count made and he said it was hopeless. MR. GASTON: Maybe he can't get a veto. H.M.JR: No, he doesn't know. Nobody has been left by the President in charge to see this thing gets through. I am talking very frankly, and please don't anybody talk. Regraded Unclassified 8 - 8 - I am telling you that you may hear things to tell me that I can help Wallace with. He has made up his mind he is going to take the attitude that it's a good thing to have RFC an independent agency, and the thing to do is clean it up and have an audit made, and he is going to give it a good send-off, so while they are doing it they might as well do a good job, see? So if anybody, particularly Dan, has any suggestions--he will be testifying tomorrow--I can get them to Wallace, see? MR. GASTON: Doesn't he testify today at two-thirty? H.M.JR: Tomorrow. MR. D.W. BELL: It was set for today, wasn't it? MR. WHITE: When has an independent audit been made of RFC? MR. D.W. BELL: They have one made every year, generally. H.M.JR: If there are any suggestions as to what you think, or anybody else, what ours should be under a good setup, if I can.pass it on to Wallace-- MR. D.W. BELL: We have been asked by Senator Byrd to furnish him a number of statements on RFC. We have done that, you know, since about 1936. H.M.JR: Statements? MR. D.W. BELL: Statements on RFC. We get out certain financial statements on all of the Corporation organizations, and we have submitted them to the Byrd Committee right along, some of which have been published, and he has asked us for a number of statements or all of the statements we can get up in the course of last night and this morning, so he can have them for the two-thirty meeting this afternoon. I think most of the stuff we would give him is published data and is probably in a little different form, but pub- lished. Now, do you think we have to do that? I think we do, don't you? Regraded Unclassified 9 - 9 - H.M.JR: Well, just keep it in mind. If there is anything we should get to Wallace to help him answer tomorrow, I wish you men would be thinking about it. I told him on any statistical stuff to call George Haas direct. He doesn't have anything. He doesn't even have a stenographer. I told him we would help in any way we could, so if you think of anything, anybody, during the day, which could be useful to me, if you just get it to me, I will stop what I am doing. MR. D. W. BELL: In response to Resolution 150 of the Senate we sent up a voluminous report on all credit agencies in the Government, and the windup of that report contained 8. number of recommendations, one of which says they should be under the control of the Comptroller General. He should make an annual audit. There are a number of recommendations in there you might make. We get out those recommendations and-- H,M.JR: If there is something springing, if you wouldn t mind dropping up to see him to explain them yourself, Dannie--you will be glad to do it. MR. D. W. BELL: I would be glad to. H.M.JR: You might be thinking about what Wallace wants. lie is going to dig himself out, but you might have something also to show how active he was in the lending business when all of those agricultural lending agencies were under Agriculture, Commodity Credit, and Farm Credit; and he was a big lender himself. MR. D. W. BELL: I think they were pretty well out of Agriculture when he was there. H.M.JR: I don't think so. Farm Credit wasn't. MR. GASTON: He took over Farm Credit while he was Secretary of Agriculture. H.M.JR: Commodity Credit. He took Commodity Credit over from RFC. Regraded Unclassified 10 - 10 - MR. D.W. BELL: I thought it was under Wickard, but maybe it was Wallace. MR. GASTON: It was Wallace. He had to fight to get Farm Credit. H.M.JR: Have somebody look that up, and I want especially to get it to him this afternoon. MR. D.W. BELL: I will do it right away. H.M.JR: I would like to help him. MR. HAAS: He had Rural Electrification and the Farm Security Organization. He had a big fight over it. MR. O'CONNELL: If my time would permit, I would like to go down and listen to Mr. Jones this afternoon, because something in that might be helpful, and I think I can-- H.M.JR: When he gets to swinging you don't know, he may swing one at my jaw. MR. O'CONNELL: I better bring a bludgeon with me. H.M.JR: If, during the day, anybody wants to see me, let me know. MR. WHITE: There is one thing. Did you speak to Stettinius about the French matter? H.M.JR: It is on the machine, a memo to Mrs. Klotz to do it. She has a note on her desk on what to do about that. I had it very much in mind, and she has the procedure. Regraded Unclassified 11 Meeting in Secretary's Office January 24, 1945 11:00 a.m. Present: Secretary Morgenthau Mr. Monnet Mr. Oscar Cox Mr. White Mr. Monnet called at his request. He said that he had asked to see the Secretary because he was planning to return to Paris the following Sunday. He said that he had no intentions of putting any pressure in one direction or another in the shaping of the final arrangements but wanted to emphasize how important it was that there should be no misunderstanding between the two governments. He said that his people would have a difficult time understanding why they should be treated differently than the British or the Russians in lend-lease arrangements and that he wanted to make certain that they fully appreciated our point of view and our difficulties. He was going to discuss the lend-lease negotiations with people in his government because he thought it was important that there should be no misunderstanding in Paris on the subject. He believed that the long-run relationship between the United States Government and France was more important than any of the immediate questions which were being considered under lend-lease and he wished to make certain that people back home had a clear understanding of our problems here in attempting to. shape the lend-lease negotiations. The Secretary expressed his regret that the negotiations hadn't been completed before but indicated that they could not have been completed prior to this date inasmuch as the policy was crystallized at the highest level within the week which would permit going ahead definitively with negotiations. He spoke of a meeting which had taken place the previous Saturday with Clayton, Cox and myself and said that he had high hopes that we would be able to give him a definitive state- ment of this Government's position to take with him to Paris. He thought it might be worthwhile for Monnet to wait over a day or two so that he could take such a document back with him. Mr. Monnet expressed his pleasure that such action was being taken and said that he would, of course, wait over. The Secretary was very pleasant and it appeared that Mr. Monnet got the impression from the Secretary's remark - an impression which was in part justified - that the document which he would take back with :.im to Paris was one that would be favorable. H. D. White Copies to: Mr. Glasser, Mr. Aarons Mr. DuBois Regraded Unclassifie 12 January 24, 1945 11:49 a.m. HMJr: Hello. Operator: Mr. Grew. HMJr: Hello. J. C. Grew: Hello, Mr. Secretary. HMJr: How are you? G: Fine, thank you. HMJr: I want to compliment you on the promptness of answering my letter on the French Lend- Lease. G: Well, was that satisfactory? HMJr: Yes. I forgot to date it. Do you mind just dating it as of yesterday? G: As of yesterday. HMJr: Yes. G: Your letter? HMJr: If you don't mind. G: I will do that. HMJr: Because instead of going out through my regular office, I handed it to Yost and it wasn't dated. G: All right, I'll have that done. HMJr: Please. Now, the thing -- I spoke to Stettinius yesterday -- as you know, the President set up this committee on legislative matters. G: Yes. HMJr: of State, Treasury, Budget and then he added Wallace's name. And Stettinius and I sort of thought that -- I talked to Stettinius yesterday -- and we didn't know whether the President wanted any publicity on it or not but we thought that we'd go ahead and act. Regraded Unclassified 13 - 2 - G: Yes. HMJr: And Stettinius suggested that I call the first meeting and that he would have liked you and Acheson to come, and after that, well, people like Acheson and O'Connell for me, could go ahead and operate; then they could report to us whenever necessary. But there's an awful lot of legislative matters which are breaking very rapidly. G: There are? HMJr: Now, I wondered when would be a good time for you and I to start the ball to rolling. G: Well, you think there ought to be a meeting pretty quickly, do you? HMJr: I think there should be a meeting either Thursday or Friday. G: Yes. HMJr: To get this thing started. G: Well, where do you think the meeting should take place? HMJr: When? G: Where? HMJr: Well, Stettinius suggested that I call the first one. Hello? G: Yes. HMJr: So I would say the Treasury if that's agreeable. G: To have it at the Treasury? HMJr: The first one, yes. G: Yeah. HMJr: Is that all right with you? G: It's all right with me. Regraded Unclassified 14 - 3 - HMJr: That's what Stettinius suggested and I don't -- I don't care where it is. G: That's all right. HMJr: I don't care where it's held. G: No. I see. Well, let me talk to Dean Acheson because he's right in these things. HMJr: Well, the trouble is I'm booking myself up and -- for the next two days G: Yes. HMJr: Are you free either Thursday or Friday afternoon? G: Let me see -- either Thursday or Friday afternoon -- how long would we have to count on, about an hour? HMJr: Oh, no, thirty minutes would be .... G: Thirty minutes. Just a minute and I'll look. Will vou hold the line? HMJr: Please. G: My own program is pretty well dated up, too. HMJr: Yes. G: Have you -- (Talks aside) -- These appointments come along pretty well HMJr: I know. G: .... at fifteen minute intervals. HMJr: I know. That's why I'm .... G: It's terrific right at present. HMJr: Yes. G: But I'll make a point of clearing the way. (Talks aside) Would four o'clock on Friday be all right for you? HMJr: Four o'clock on Friday will be fine. Regraded Unclassified - 4 - 15 G: That's all right. HMJr: Supposing I make this tentative, you see -- hello? G: Yeah, make it tentative. HMJr: Well, I'll -- I'll -- unless I hear from you again, I'll expect you and Acheson over here at four o'clock. G: All right. We'll be there at four o'clock. If you want to change it, let me know. HMJr: Thank you. G: Is that all right? HMJr: Fine. G: All right, Mr. Morgenthau. HMJr: I thank you. G: Good bye. Regraded Unclassified 16 January 24, 1945 12:02 p.m. HMJr: Hello. Hello. Operator: Mr. Grew will be right on. State Dept. Operator: Mr. Secretary, Mr. Grew. HMJr: Right. J. C. Grew: Hello. HMJr: Morgenthau. G: Mr. Secretary, I have just talked to Dean Acheson and I find that he probably will not be here Friday afternoon. I wonder if it would be possible for you to arrange for the meeting tomorrow -- Thursday afternoon, at four o'clock. Will that be possible? HMJr: Just a minute. Thursday at four. I'll make it possible. Thursday. G: Yeah. Will that be convenient for you? HMJr: Yeah, that will be all right. The only person -- I've got to check with Harold Smith and if it's not all right with him, my office will let you know. G: All right. I'll leave it that way then. HMJr: Right. G: I have an engagement but I can put it off, and will, if that's agreeable to you. HMJr: I'll have them call up Harold Smith right away and let you know. G: All right. Thank you very much. Good bye. Regraded Unclassified 17 LUNCHEON Wednesday, January 24, 1945 Senator Tobey Congressman Spence Congressman Wolcott Mr. Eccles Mr. Crowley Judge Vinson 13 Mr. Acheson Mr. D. W. Bell Mr. Gaston Mr. White Mr. O'Connell Mr. Luxford Regraded Unclassified 18 January 24, 1945 2:51 p.m. HMJr: Hello. Herbert Schimmel: Hello. HMJr: Mr. Schimmel. S: Yes. HMJr: I got word to the President of the United States that I thought it would be a good thing to make Senator Kilgore Secretary of Labor and that I knew if he offered it to him, he would consider it. Hello? S: Yes. Yes, Mr. Secretary. HMJr: The notice -- the time factor, if you get what I mean, was so short 1 S: Yes. HMJr: that I have had no opportunity to get an answer and won't for some time. S: I understand that. HMJr: The message did get to him the same day you gave it to me. S: And 18 it your understanding that there's a possibility still of a change there? HMJr: I would put it as -- I'm not too familiar, but I would say that your language was good language. S: (Laughs) That's why I. chose it. HMJr: Yes. I would put it that way. S: Well HMJr: But I explained about the A.F. of L., the C.I.O. -- I got the whole story over to him. S: Oh, well, that's fine. HMJr: And -- but I had to do it through a third party and the time factor being what it is, I couldn't get an answer. Regraded Unclassified - 2 - 19 S: I understand. HMJr: You understand what I mean. S: I understand. HMJr: But he has the Senator - -- he knows about it now. S: Oh, well, that's fine. HMJr: Yeah. S: Well, thanks very much. HMJr: Not at all. And I would be glad if you would tell the Senator what I've done. S: Yes, I certainly will tell him that. HMJr: All right. S: If you learn anything new, Mr. Secretary, if Mrs. Klotz could let me know, it would be .... HMJr: One of us will. S: All right. Well, thanks very much. HMJr: But you tell the Senator what I've done. S: I certainly will. HMJr: Thank you. S: All right. Bye. Regraded Unclassified 20 January 24, 1945 3:13 p.m. HMJr: Hello. Dean Acheson: Henry. HMJr: Speaking. A: This is Dean. HMJr: Yes. A: About this meeting tomorrow. HMJr: Yes. A: Harold Smith is out of town. He won't be back until Friday. HMJr: Yes. A: Don Sheppard could come for him but I don't know that we'd get very far. After our luncheon today, Leo went off with me and just exploded all over the place. HMJr: Yeah. A: He's very angry at Ed, chiefly; he's pretty angry at you. I told him that I was probably chiefly responsible 80 then he turned his wrath on me for a while. HMJr: What's he angry at me for? A: Because he says you know better. You shouldn't have lent yourself to anything as precarious as this. HMJr: Oh, nonsense. A: If we want to run the legislation, all right; wè can go up on the Hill and fight for it, but, God- damned if he's going to do it, he's going to tell the President and Stettinius and you and everybody. HMJr: That's all right. Regraded Unclassified 21 - 2 - A: Now, I called -- he was going to call up Harold and gave him hell, too. Now, I spoke to Don Sheppard and I suggest that since Harold is away HMJr: Yes. A: .... we don't have a meeting tomorrow. HMJr: Yes. A: And let Harold Smith go to work on Leo and cool him off a bit, because really the first thing we've got to take up is this Export-Import Bank. HMJr: Well, do you mind if I disagree with you? A: (Laughs) Surely. HMJr: What? A: No, you go ahead. HMJr: No, I think if we've done this thing, we've got this authority from the President and if you don't mind, I think we should go right ahead and I don't think that we should let Leo stop us from meeting. A: Well, I just thought that we probably couldn't have very much to meet about. HMJr: Well, if we just meet for -- if you don't mind, Dean, I'm not seeking trouble -- I'm not looking -- Leo is always blowing off. He blew off about my being the head of this Lend-Lease thing when the British were here. A: Yeah. HMJr: And I just can't help it but -- and the President has asked us to do this thing. If Leo doesn't like 1t, it's his business to blow off and he can tell Mr. Roosevelt about it. A: Yes. HMJr: But I I'm -- I would very much like to have a meeting, if for no other reason that we've told Leo we were going to meet and we told him he could submit his stuff here. Regraded Unclassified - 3 - 22 A: All right. Fine. HMJr: I mean, I'm not looking -- I haven't sought Leo out. I told him quietly this was like a traffic cop to which things should come first and then it was up to each agency after they were told which was to come first, to present their legis- lation. And I was very quiet and I said, "What do you think, Leo?" And he said, "Well, that's all right, as long as I understand it that way." And that was his words. A: I see. HMJr: Now, no reasonable person can object to having what -- as I called it, an advisory committee to decide which thing comes first. A: All right. HMJr: Hello? A: Yeah. All right. HMJr: If you think -- if you feel very positive about it -- I feel positive that we should meet and we shouldn't let Leo scare us. A: What have you got in mind that we take up tomorrow? HMJr: Well, just get organized and just get the thing started, that's all; and take a look at the list. I'm going to bring up Export-Import. I don't know where we stand. I don't know where you people stand. A: Well, don't you think we ought to -- under the arrangement, the President approved to have him there when we do that? HMJr: Well, I think this: one of the things I want to do is to bring up the question to whom we should send these letters to. A: Yeah. HMJr: And then we can, maybe, get an order from the President by cable to send these letters out. A: Yes. Regraded Unclassified - 4 - 23 HMJr: You see? You know, the attached letters? A: Yes, I do. I know. HMJr: And if we didn't do anything else, just to have an organizing meeting. A: Yes. HMJr: And get organized. I really think we ought to meet. But Leo went out of this thing and when I explained to him that it was just acting as traffic cop to say which should go first, he said, "That's all right. I understand." A: Fine. HMJr: So he's got no excuse to go around to you and beef. A: Well .... HMJr: Personally, I told him, as I told you, it was -- I said the idea originated over there and I said I thought it was a good one. And I still think it's a good one. A: All right. Then we'll meet tomorrow. I suppose Joe knows where. HMJr: My office. A: Yeah. HMJr: And it won't take more than fifteen minutes. A: All right. Fine. HMJr: I'm not going to let Leo hold a pistol to my head. A: I have a meeting at three-thirty. HMJr: Well, Grew set the time at four. He first had it Friday and then he said you'd be out of town. A: Yeah. HMJr: And he called me back and said, "Could we make it four o'clock tomorrow?" Regraded Unclassified - 5 - 24 A: Yeah. Well, if I'm not going out of town, would four o'clock Friday be just as good? HMJr: I could swing it back to that and then maybe Smith will be there. A: Uh .... HMJr: If you'll work it out with Grew and I'll tell FitzGerald -- either day is all right as far as I'm concerned. A: All right. Then I'll talk with Grew about it and I guess it will be better for you not to say anything to Leo about my telephoning you. HMJr: Oh, I don't do that. A: That'll just flare him up again. HMJr: I don't -- I don't -- I'm a peace-loving fellow. A: (Laughs) HMJr: But. when somebody jumps on me, I'm going to fight back. A: (Laughs) All right. Fine. HMJr: What? A: Fine. HMJr: Well, we know -- you know the rest of the story which Leo doesn't know yet. A: Yes, I know. That's why I was laughing. HMJr: You laughed in my face. A: (Laughs) HMJr: All right. A: (Continues laughing) All right. HMJr: Okay. Regraded Unclassified 24-A Meeting in the Secretary's Office January 24, 1945 3:30 p.m. Present: Secretary Morgenthau Mr. James Reston of the New York Times Mr. White Mr. Reston called to say that he had a story that Russia was requesting a $6 billion loan and that he would like to verify the story and get as much detail as possible from Treasury. He presumed that Treasury was in on it. The Secretary complimented him on the fact that, unlike his colleague, Krock, he was attempting to check up on his story prior to publishing it. The Secretary said he could give him no informa- tion on the loan and suggested that if he had any inquiry on that subject to make the proper place to make it was the State Department. Mr. Reston urged him to give him some information since he was going to write a story on the subject for the next day's Times and since it was an important matter it was desirable to have the details correct. Mr. Morgenthau was, however, adamant in his refusal and repeated his suggestion that Mr. Reston inquire of State Department. 0 The Secretary, in bidding Mr. Reston goodbye, urged him to call again. H. D. White Regraded Unclassifiel 24-B January 24, 1945 3:56 p.m. HMJr: Hello. Operator: Mr. Grew. HMJr: Hello. Joseph Grew: Hello, Mr. Secretary. HMJr: Morgenthau talking. I just want to tell you that James Reston of the New York Times said he had an urgent matter to see me -- I saw him; he said he had the story about the request from the Russians for a $6 Billion loan, and he was going to write the story. I told him I was very sorry but I couldn't help him, and I referred him to the State Department. G: Right. HMJr: And he said, well, he wouldn't go over there because they would tell him not to write the story. G: That's right. HMJr: I said I thought he should go over there. G: Yes. HMJr: But I want you to know that he got absolutely nothing from me. G: Right. HMJr: Period. G: Yeah. HMJr: I don't know where he's got it, but darn it all .... G: He's got the facts, has he? HMJr: Pardon? G: Has he got the facts? HMJr: I don't know. I didn't want him to tell me anything because I didn't want him to try to start guessing, 80 I -- as soon as he told me what he wanted, I said, Regraded Unclassified 24- C - 2 - HMJr: Cont'd. "I'm very sorry; I can't help you. Please go over to the State Department." G: I guess there's nothing we can do about that, but thank you very much for letting me know. HMJr: Right. G: And I'll be guided accordingly. HMJr: Thank you. G: Dean Acheson has fixed that meeting up all right with you, now? HMJr: Well, you know he wanted to postpone it. G: Yeah, I know, 'till Friday. HMJr: Well, no, he wanted to call it off entirely. G: Oh. HMJr: And I told him that I thought that was a great mistake -- just because Crowley was angry that was no reason to postpone it. G: Yeah. Well, I've talked with him since then and he tells me now that it is all fixed up for Friday afternoon. HMJr: That's all right with me. G: Is that all right? HMJr: Yes, but I mean as to holding it or not holding it, I told him we -- I didn't see how we could just not hold a meeting because Mr. Crowley was angry. G: Yeah. All right. We'll be there. HMJr: Thank you. G: Thank you. Good bye. Regraded Unclassified 25 January 24, 1945 5:19 p.m. HMJr: I'm not going to sign any order -- this General Order No. 3 -- without having it go through Charles Bell's office. John Pehle: All right, sir. HMJr: And .... P: I'll be glad to clear it. HMJr: Well, you ought to do that of your own accord, John. P: What -- what -- what phase of it was it that .... HMJr: Any phase -- anything that's an administrative change has got to clear through Charles Bell. P: Sure. I didn't -- I wasn't focusing on administrative change there. HMJr: Well, it's got -- it says here, II delegate John Pehle with such II = P: Yeah. HMJr: II designate powers, functions, duties of the Secretary of the Treasury." P: Yeah. All right, I'll clear it. HMJr: Well, I'm going to give it to him myself, but you ought to know enough to do that. P: Yeah. It -- I agree. HMJr: Right. P: I agree. I didn't think of it because it isn't a change in something; it's just .... HMJr: Well P: reducing something to writing that should have been originally in writing. HMJr: You know I'm waiting on you fellows to give me suggestions for somebody to head up War Refugee Board. Regraded Unclassified 26 - 2 - P: I know you are and as soon as I get through with this appropriation hearing, I'm going to go after that. We were down there for three hours this afternoon. HMJr: And you know I sent -- -- sent word over to Colonel Heller. P: I'm delighted you did. I was very worried about that. thing. HMJr: All right. P: All. right. Good night. Regraded Unclassified 27 January 24, 1945 Judge Rosenman called on me and gave me a copy (not attached) of a letter which the President wrote him as to his mission. Rosenman particularly drew my attention to the second paragraph. I asked him, "how come this whole thing?" and he said, Well, I had known that he had been considering taking Phil Reed's place in London, but the President said he could only stay there two months, which he said he did not want to do, SO the outgrowth was this letter. I said I understood the State Department had not been consulted, and he said no, that they got a copy of the letter just the way I did. The President only signed it just before he left. So I said, "Well, look, Sam. If this was anybody else, I would certainly fight this authority which the President has given to you, because it cuts directly across the Treasury and 1 would not give you anybody to go with you. So he said, "Well, if it was Jimmie Byrnes, he never would show you the letter. He would go and come back and make his report." So I said, "Not only does it cut directly across what the Treasury is supposed to do, but, I said -- and I hesitated. I am glad I did hesitate. -- I said, "there are certain understandings which Stettinius and I have with the President as to how we should proceed in regard to financial and economic matters." (I am glad I did not say anything more because subsequently he said how close he was to Oscar Cox.) So I said, "But I am going to help you because I am going to ask just one thing of you: that before you make your report to the President, I would like to see it because he's given you work to do which is my business. Now, I said, if you don't mind my saying it, but I think before you had the President sign that Regraded Unclassified 28 -2- letter, Stettinius and I should have had a chance to go over it. So he said, "Well, if you give me a man like Taylor, I will let him write the report for me and I promise to show you whatever I do before it goes to the President. So I said, "As far as England is concerned, we have just completed two months' negotiations. It's finished.' 00 he said, "Does the President know that?" I said, "Of course he does. Well, he will just draw the President's attention to the fact that it is finished. I said, "As far as France is concerned, by the time you get going we will conclude with France." I said, "As far as the Netherlands is concerned, private banks have made them a loan and the President does not want a gov- ernmental loan. So I said, "The only thing it leaves is Belgium and, " I said, "if you are going any place the place for you to go is Italy. That's where you should go. So I said, "The trouble is all of these countries have been badly handled." I said, "Ships have been assigned to the French. I don't think they are going to get them, because I don't think Stettinius will let them get them and if they do, Stettinius won't give them any trucks to unload the ships when they get there." I said, "We have gone from one extreme to another. We drive Charles Wilson out of town because he wants to manufacture munitions" and he said, "Yes, and we put Don Nelson in and give him this exalted position because he wants to make civilian goods. ne said, "It was harry nopkins' job to get Don Nelson out of town and keep him out of town until after elec- tion and," he said, "he came back and they wanted him to make a political speech and he refused to make a political speech until the President signed that letter setting him up in his new job." So he said, "Do you think I ought to talk to Don Nelson because what I am really doing is Nelson's job." So I said, "Well, why not leave Nelson alone. ne thinks the Far East is his field.' Regraded Unclassified 28-A -3- I could not help but get this in: "I realize, Sam, you wanted to get out of the country. I sup- pose this is as good an excuse as any, but you are cutting directly across my territory. I said, "What are you going to dowhen you come back? Every- body is going to look to you to get help. If he said, "Oh, yes. Jean Monnet is waiting over in the office now to see me." Anyway, it's one of these kind of things which the President does where he goes off half-cocked and if it were anybody but Rosenman, believe me I would fight it. Unclassified TO: 1/24/75- Secretary Morgenthau 29 Attached is a copy of a proposed story by Tom Twitty, of the New York Herald Tribune, which is being held up pending your approval. CP2 Mr. Shaeffer 29-A CONFIDENTIAL Henry Morgenthau Jr., Secretary of the Treasury, broke his long silence today to clarify his view that Germany should be so economically weakened after this war that she would be incapable of disturbing the world's peace for at least 50 years. At the outset of an interview, Mr. Morgenthau made it plain that he was speaking as an individual rather than as a presidential advisor. Specific details of memoranda he has sent to the White House on the subject, at the President's request, are White House property, he explained. Mr. Morgenthau, who has two sons in the services, said that it was his belief, as a private citizen, that merely to outlaw a few vital war industries in Germany -- without seriously crippling her broad economic power -- is not going far enough to insure the peace and stabilize international affairs. Regraded Unclassified 29- B - 2 - On the other hand, he added, his views do not -- as the popular conception and the Axis radio had it last Fall -- call for the complete destruction of all industry in Germany. Food processing industries and others necessary to meet minimum domestic essentials could be retained. Mr. Morgenthau's basic contention is founded on the following three principal points of reasoning: 1. Germany, if allowed to keep her principal industrial strength and thereby her economic power, would continue to be a big factor in European power politics, even though denied such "key" war industries (of small weight in peace-time economy) as aluminum, aircraft and synthetic oil plants. Germany would also remain tempting bait as a collaborator with any other aggressively-minded power, which at the start of a new attempt at world domination, could make the war materials outlawed in Germany. 2. A weak Germany -- one so stripped economically and financially that she could not make a comeback for another 50 to 60 years -- is necessary to quiet Russian fears and halt the European competition for the acquisition of buffer states. Regraded Unclassified 29- C - 3 - 3. A strong Britain is the best insurance against America becoming involved in a third European war against Germany. Unless Germany is eliminated as a world economic competitor to Britain, it will take Britain many years to recover financially from this war. If Germany remains economically strong Britain may never recover. "I believe that I am more familiar with Britain's financial position than anyone in the United States," Mr. Morgenthau said, "and I can tell you that she has scraped the bottom of the barrel to fight this war. "I would like to see Britain strong once more and the Russians without fear. A weak Germany is the answer to both these problems. If these problems are solved, the remaining international issues are minor ones." Removal of German industrial facilities to nations which have been the victims of Nazi aggression and destruction of those which cannot be moved, plus destruction of the German financial octopus, would have the same effect as Sherman's scorching march through the South during the American Civil War, he said. Regraded Unclassified 29-D - 4 - "Perhaps in 50 or 60 years there would be some 'good Germans' in Germany," he observed, indicating that it is not his idea to permanently ban reconstruction of basic German industry which is not in the "key" war industry group. Mr. Morgenthau's views, which include territorial amputations on the Reich, have apparently found favor with both the Russians, who would go further, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who heard them firsthand from Mr. Morgenthau at last summer's Quebec Conference. Mr. Chruchill recently indicated, during a Commons debate, that the British had no objections to the Soviet plan for annexation of Eastern Germany and parts of East Prussia to Poland, while Russia establishes her own boundaries on what has been part of East Poland and takes other territory in East Prussia. Although the American government has issued no state- ment on the subject -- pending the forthcoming "Big Three" conference between Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin -- informed administration sources have indicated that this Regraded Unclassified 29-E - 5 - Government likewise has no objections to plans like those of Mr. Morgenthau and the Russians. The small nation victims of Germany such as Belgium, Holland, Norway and Luxembourg, as well as France, have already asked the "Big Three" for a share of transplanted German industry. Mr. Morgenthau, in his interview, ridiculed critics who charged that the so-called "Morgenthau Plan" gave the Hitler war machine a psychological weapon which bolstered German resistance last Fall. In the first place, -he pointed out, he and other Treasury officials did not make the plan public and have had no comment on it prior to today. The story "leaked" from unknown sources in other departments and many versions were garbled. "If there is blood on anyone's hands -- and that is ridiculous it is on those who made the plans public," he said. "But even that is ridiculous," he continued, "since the Russians have officially and publicly announced more Regraded Unclassified 29- F - 6 - drastic views -- and of course Goebbels would not stop at making up any kind of tale which he thought might strengthen the German will to fight." o0o Regraded Unclassified 30 TREASURY DEPARTMENT INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE January 24, 1945 TO: The Secretary of the Treasury FROM: James L. Houghteling Attached is a report of the work of the Inter-Racial Section, War Finance Division, which summarizes the War Bond promotion work of the Treasury Department among Negroes. I be- lieve it will interest you and will be worth a couple of minutes of your time to glance over. Pages 59 and 84 to 88 summarize the story. House- James L. 31 REPORT OF INTERRACIAL SECTION - 1944 By Martha B. Goldman Interracial Section, Assisted by: William Pickens, Chief Geneva I. Hempton Florence M. Ward National Organizations Division James L. Houghteling, Director Regraded Unclassified FOREWORD Besides the operation of the War Bond sales program, the War Finance Division of the Treasury Department is charged with the responsibility of conducting War Loan Drives, continu- ing to build Payroll Savings and planning the sale of extra Bonds to workers during drives. One unit of the War Finance Division, which deals primarily with the Bond activities among colored Americans, is the Interracial Section. This Section is a part of the National Organizations Division and operates under the direct supervision and guidance of James L. Houghteling, Director. Through contact with various types of organizations, representatives of the Section have been able to work among civic groups; schools; insurance companies; women's clubs and societies; labor, industrial, fraternal and religious organizations; farmers, and with numerous individuals. Section members have made hundreds of talks at Bond Rallies and other meetings and have done an outstanding selling job in all parts of the country; but as the records of the War Finance Division do not show a racial breakdown, there is no way of determining specifically the amount of War Bonds sold to colored Americans. Quoting from a recent statement by Ted R. Gamble, National Director of the War Finance Division: "When the record of this war effort shall have been written, it will show that Negroes not only fought the enemy in the front lines of the battle overseas, but met him on the homefront on the assembly lines and the bond-purchasing lines." ######## Regraded Unclassified 33 CONTENTS Foreword Page Resume of Section Activities 1-5 Interracial Section Persennel 6 Pickens reports 7-19 Allen reports 20-28 Hunter reports 29-42 Organization plan - vomen's groups 40-41 MeLean reports 43-50 Seldon reports 51-58 Grand Totals (National Staff) no Field and State Personnel Crocker. Curtis A. (Virginia WFC) 60-A Pague, I. P. Jr. (Upstate New York WFC) 60-3 Simms, Harry (Alabana WFC) Taylor. O.C.W. (Louisiana WFC) ZZZZZZZZ 60-0 Spaulding, C.C. (North Carelina WFG) 60-D 60-H Thomas. Jesse 0. (Consultant) 60-F Turpin, Major C.U. (Illinois WFC) 60-8 Walker, Dr. Jos. 1. (Consultant) 60-H War Bond Sales (and Payrell Savings Estimate) 61 General Participation in War Bond Program (eross-section) 68-85 1. Armed Forces 63 II. Actors, Artists, Entertainers 64 III. Business 65 IV. Children 66 V. Community 5 VI. Fraternal 68 VII. Individuals 69-71 VIII. Insurance 73 IX, Projects 78 X. Schools 74-75 XI. War Bond Saving Clubs (and charts) 76-78 III. Vemen's Organizations 79 XIII. Niceollaneous 80-01 XIV. Awards and Prises 82-85 RECAPITULATION - Interracial Section 84 MICHLIGHTS OF 1944 (from the press and other sources) 85-88 Bond Sales - $1,000,000 or more 85 500,000 or more 85 100,000 or more 85-86 Outstanding Events 86-87 Unique Promotions 67-88 APPRECIATION 00 Regraded Unclassified 1. 34 RESUME OF INTERRACIAL SECTION ACTIVITIES 1944 I. PERSONNEL - 38 (See p.6) A. National Office - 9 B. Field Offices - 12 C. $-a-Year Employees - 15 D. Special Aides - 2 II. PERSONNEL CHANGES A. Incoming - 5 1. Charles C. Craft - March 24 2. Florence M. Ward - April 14 3. Denjamin F. Seldon - May 25 4. Charles A. MoLean - May 26 5. Pearl D. King - Sept. 11 B. Outgoing - 4 1. Willard W. Allen (part-time) - Detailed to Baltimore, Md., April 1 2. Benjamin F. Seldon - Detailed to Newark, N.J., August 5 3. Alsada M. Buford - Interior Department, September 2 4. Nathalia L. Davis, Resigned September 28 III. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Speeches Prepared 1. To War Mothers of the American Race 2. Unity of Americans in War and Peace 3. War Savings and Mar Effort among American Negroes 4. Americans Fight and Die in Defense of this Institution (West Virginia State College) B. Magasine Articles 1. The Fifth War Loan 2. The American Negro and His Country in World War 3. Your Country, the United States of America 4. What the Negro is Getting out of this Mar 5. Uncle Sam Asked for 7 and We Gave Him 101 6. The American Negro Participates in War Finance c. Press Releases 1. Dean Says Negro Has Mar Stake 2. Record of One Negro School in War Finance 3. High Mark for Negro Workers in Har Effort 4. Mar Posters by and About the American Megro 5. War Bonds Held by Negro Companies and Concerns 6. The Treasury Department's Interracial Section Regraded Unclassified 2. Do Circular Letters 1. To the Leaders of American Negro Organizations 2. Do you Know that This is Our War? 3. A Photographic Story of Negro Participation in War Savings 4. Planned Spending and Saving 5. To Advertising Managers - Negro Press 6. To D. C. Churches - for church cooperation 7. Consolidated Holding of War Bonds by National Organizations 8. To War Finance Workers re Campaign Book Material 9. Negro Participation in War Finance 10. "SS Harriet Tubman" - solicitation 11. WBSC Pamphlet Announcement 12. "Farm Bond" Aids (by MLPredmore) 13. Sixth War Loan Cooperation - General 14. Women's Organisations - 6th War Loan Cooperation 15. National Negro Business League - Retailers' Program E. Other 1, Work Load Table of the Interracial Section. (9/2) 2. Minutes of the WBSC Organising Committee Meeting, Feb. 29 3. Annual Summary of Section Activities - 1943 IV. PUBLIC RELATIONS 4. Newspaper Service 1, Edgar T. Rouseau (Loaned by Pittsburgh Courier) for 4th, 5th, and 6th War Loan Drive (Ernest E. Johnson) 2. Campaign Book, Minute Man 3. Office of War Information B. Travel Data (National Staff) 1. *Mumber of cities visited - 258 2. Number of days spent in field - 705 3/4 C. Addresses Made - 174 De Rallies, Conferences, Meetings Addressed or Attended - 702 B. Day-to-Day Sales, Booths, Etc. (Women's Organizations) - See pp.40-41 F. Correspondence 1. See "Circular Letters", Sec. D above 2. Special Correspondence re: (a) Aviator Poster (b) Baby Poster (c) Megro Participation in War Finance (d) War Bond Saving Clubs - progress 3. General Correspondence Several cities visited many times, Regraded Unclassified 3. 3. 36 G. Mailing Lists - Distribution 1. Agricultural Extension Workers - 57 (AP List #374) 2. Athletic Associations. Intercollegiate - 16 3. Baptist Associations - 475 4. Baptist State Convention Presidents - 18 (AP List #376) 5. CIO Negro Workers - 9 6. Golleges, Negro - 108 (AP List #379) 7. Mk Lodges - 506 8. Elk Temples - 449 9. High Schools - 710 10. Knights of Peter Claver and Ladies' Auxiliary - 144 (A) List #317) 11. Masons, Grand Masters - 38(AP List 4377) 12. National Assn. Adv. Gol. People - 700 branches 13. National Assn. Colored Women's Clubs - 73 (AP Lists + 293 & 293A) 14. National Council of Negro Women - 31 15. National Negro Business League - 91 (AP List #380) 16. National Negro Insurance Assn. & Underwriters - 55 (AP List #381) 17. National Organisations - 123 (AP List #341) 18. Newspapers - 223 19. Urban Leagues - 42 (AP List #378) 20. War Bond Committee Chairmen (Negro) - 33 21. WBSC State Representatives - 29 (AP List #375) 23. War Finance Committees (Negro Chairmen) - 480 (AP List #320) 23. War Finance Workers - 42 24. Women's Organizations, National - 21 25. YMCA -48 26. YWCA - 70 H. Special Distributions 1. Negro Aviator Poster - 200,000 2. Negro Baby Poster - 170,000 3. War Bond Saving Club Pumphlets - 120,000 V. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS (pp.76-78) See also p.60-H A. Organising Committee Meeting, February 29, 1944. B. States Represented: Ala., Ark., Calif., na., Ga., ni., Kans., Ey., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.M. N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Tenn., Tex., va., V.Va., Wiso. (25) c. Number of WBSCs organized - 265; Memberships 9,021 D. Value of War Bonds reported - $3,294,803.30 B. Outstanding State Report:Miss.-1981Gbubs; $1,657,2001n Bonds VI. SURVEYS A. Progress of War Bond Saving Clubs - in process B. Negro Participation in the War Finance Prgress - is process c. Publicity Survey (News Items). See pp. 63-83 VII. EXHIBITS A. "The Negro in American Life" (Loaned by the Council Against Intolerance in America) B. "A Photographic Story of Negro Participation in War Savings" (not completed) . (AP) Addressograph Plates on file with Chicago Mailing Division. Regraded Unclassified 4. VIII. INTRA-BUREAU COOPERATION A. National Organizations Division (Houghteling) 1. Labor Section (Hyatt) 2. Business & Trade Associations (Wuerdeman, Sangston) 3. Fraternal and Ser vice (FitzGibbon) B. Women's Division (Blake, Reynolds) 1. Women's National Organizations (Negro) 2. NACW Metropolitan Councils (AP List #293A) 3. NACW Affiliated Organizations (AP List #293) C. Other Sections 1. Agriculture (Predmore, Daly) a. Agricultural Extension Workers (AP List #374) b. Land Grant College Presidents c. Agricultural Directors d. Vocational Ag Teacher-Trainers 2. Education (Melcher, Matheny, McClure, Erbe) a. Jeanes Teachers (Ebert, Shapiro) b. Negro Schools and Colleges (AP List #379) 3. Retail Section (Poulte, Nitkowski) a. Negro Business Leagues (AP List #380) b. Negro Chambers of Commerce (AP List #380) 4. Newspaper Section (Little, Phillips, Runkel) a. Negro Newspapers 5. Radio (Smith, Kafka, Molohon) a. Music Committee - appointed to "choose the best patriotic song composed by Negroes and to devise adaptations of Negro spirituals" - 9/20/44 Dr. Harry Burleigh, General Chairman Andy Rasaf, popular music (See p.86) *"That's Why I Buy Bonds" by Andy Razaf and J.Rosamond Johnson *"War Bond Man", by Andy Rasaf (Recording by Frank Sinatra) *"Japan", by Andy Razaf and Chappie millette Langston Hughes, lyricist Dr. Melville Charlton J. C. Johnson J. Rosamond Johnson James P. Johnson Dr. Hall Johnson C. Luckyeth Roberts N. C. Handy William Grant Still (See p.83, Los Angeles) Duke Ellington Chappie Willette b. Special Radio Show produced, adapted and broadcast by Duke Ellington and his organization for the 6th War Loan Drive. # Approved by Treasury Department's Radio Committee Regraded Unclassifie 5. 5. 28 0. Dr. Hall Johnson submitted a song titled, "Duy & Bond Today." - subtitle: a message from a soldier in a foxhole to his family at home. Sung by Elijah Hodges (Negro). This record came a little late for application to the 6th War Loan Drive but will be used along with a song titled "Japan" by Razaf & Willette for the interim period between drives. 6. Special Events (Shelton, Oulahan) a. Actors, Artists, Entertainers (through Negro State Deputies) Hattie McDeniel, Canada Lee. Duke Ellington, Erskine Hawkins, Cab Calloway, Hasel Scott, Marva Louis, Muriel Rahn, Clarence Muse, Fredi Washington, Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Dorothy Maynor, Lena Horne, Count Basie, The Charioteers, Eddie Anderson (Rochester). and others. IX. CITATIONS - "For patriotic cooperation rendered in behalf of the Var Finance Program" - 4. Improved Order of Samaritane, Athens, Ga. B. Henry Allen Boyd, Secretary, National Baptist Publishing Board, Nashville, Tenn. 0. Bishop James A. Bray (posthunous), Chicago, Ill. D. Father Divine, New York City E. Dr. Joseph E. Walker, National Chairman, War Bond Saving Clubs Organising Committee, Memphis, Tenn. F. Harlan W. Carter, Bureau of Engraving, Washington, D. C. X. OUR INTERRACIAL SECTION won the "Treasury" Flag for 13% monthly payroll and 100% employee participation in the War Bond program. (10/9/44) During the 6th War Loan Drive the Section won the distinction of being the first unit of the War Finance Division to submit a complete report showing 100% employee participation. The Section not only met its quota of Extra Bond purchases for the Drive, but exceeded its quota by 505 percent. (11/1/44) Regraded Unclassified 6. TREASURY DEPARTMENT'S PERSONABL WAR FINANCE STAFF 30 INTERRACIAL SECTION - 38 National Office - 9 William Pickom, Chief, Interracial Section Regraded Unclassified Charles 0. Craft, Executive Manager Mrs. Martha B. Goldman, Executive Assistant Mrs. Nell Hunter, Promotion Specialist Willard V. Allen # # Charles A. McLean # # Miss Pearl D. King. Stenographer Miss Geneva I. Hampton If Mrs. Florence M. Ward # Field Personnel - 12 Basil A. Austin, Deputy Manager, New York City Robert P. Braddicks, Deputy Executive Manager, New York City Ourtis 4. Crocker, Promotion Specialist, Richmond, Va. James N. Freeman, Deputy Administrator, Jefferson City, Mo. Benjamin Grant, Field Supervisor, Payroll Saving Div., Chicago, Ill, R. A. Hester, Special Representative, Dallas, Texas Jerome C. Lett, Promotion Specialist, Austin, Texas John 0. Mclaughlin, Promotion Specialist, Greensboro, N. 0. I. P. Pogue, Deputy Manager, Western District, New York Benjamin 1. Seldon, Deputy Administrator, Newark, N. J. Harry Simme, Promotion Specialist, Tuskagee Institute, Ala. Major 0. U. Turpin, Deputy Manager, Chicago, Ill. Dollar-a-year Consultants (serve on a national basis) - 15 1. D. Bluford, Greensboro, N.C. Mrs. Roea Brown Bracy, Tuskagee Institute, Ala. Rufus c. Childress, Little Rock, Ark. M. 0. Clarks, Cleveland, Ohio John W. Davis, Institute, W. Va. Miss Jane B. Hunter, Cleveland, Ohio Eugene Keathley, Colp. Ill. Dr. J. W. Sanford, Oklahoma City, Okla. 0. 0. Spaulding, Durham, N.C. 0.0.1 Taylor, New Orleans, La. Jesse 0. Thomas, Washington, D. 0. Dr. Channing H. Tobias, New York City 0. L. Townes, Richmond, Va, Dr. Joseph 1. Walker, Memphis, Tenn. J. Finley Wilson, Washington, D. 0. Special Service - a T. M. Campbell, Consultant, Tuskagee Institute, Ala. John W. Mitchell, Consultant, Hampton Institute, Ta, The above lists de not include the 29 State Representatives of the War Bond Saving Clubs Organising Committee, under the leadership of Dr. J. 1. Walker: they give excellent service on & volunteer basis. Others not mentioned here are chairmen and members of the State War Finance Committees and subsommittees in the various States. There is also a large number of citizens who render valuable volunteer aid in the program during each Drive in every city and State in the country. Pickens ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES OF 7. 10 WILLIAM PICKENS Table 1. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. January, 1944 Date Meeting Attendance or Objective or Activity Outcome JANUARY 1 BOSTON, MASSACHESETTS Mass Meeting of Churches, Speaker War Bond Appeal celebrating Emancipation Proclamation. 6 War Finance Staff meeting. Conferences Possibility of using Army Air Forces Band from Tuskegee to Baltimore for Bond Drive. 7 Conference with Dr. L. S. Conference Sales - $9,700 Terry, Pharmacist. 9 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Celebration of Emancipation Speaker - 3,000 War Bond Appeal Proclamation. 23 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE Mass Meeting at Avery Speaker - - 10,000 $400,000- Sales A.M.E. Church. 24 Bond Rally at Booker Speaker Sales - $2,600 T. Washington High School 30 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Fourth Mar Loan Program Speaker Interest of 4th War Loan 7 13,000 $412,300 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 8. Table 2. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. February, 1944. Date Meeting Attendance or Objective or Activity Outcome 2 DETROIT, MICHIGAN Mass meetings with 13,000 Presentation of War Ford River Rouge Plant Finance Campaign employees. Sales - $1,000,000 5 INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Mass meeting at YNCA 500 Sales - $20,000 6 SOUTH BEND, INDIANA Meeting in Catholic 700 Sales - $14,000 Church for Colored People 8 WASHINGTON, D.C. Bond rally at Garnette 250 Sales - $10,000 Patterson High School, American Legion units. 12 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. USO meeting. Harry Simms Speaker Sales - $137,000 attending. 14 TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA War Finance Parade; Tuskagee 2,000 Sales $100,000 Army Air Force Band; The Mayor and other local officials participating. 15 JASPER, ALABAMA War Bond Meeting, officials of 2,000 Sales - $100,000 city and WFC participating. 20 YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO War Finance meetings. Clayton Speaker Stimulation of War Powell participating. Bond Sales. 27 HAMPTON, VIRGINIA Conferences with local Conferences To increase Bond and official of Hampton Stamp sales. Institute. 29 WASHINGTON, D.C. Meetings with Masons, Conferences. Planning War Bond Saving addressed by Mr. Houghteling Clubs. and others. 10 18,450 $1,281,000 Regraded Unclassified Pickens Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed, Attendance and Outcomes. March, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome MARCH 2 WASHINGTON, D. 0. Meeting with members of Negro Conference Possibility of future Chamber of Commerce, of Houston. engagements for Var Finance thru this Chamber. 9 HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT Members of Hopevell Baptist To promote savings Church among their constit- uents and patrens 14 WASHINGTON, D. C. Station WINX Radio Broadcast Explanation of WBSC program 15 WASHINGTON, D. 0. Meeting with Mr. John MoGee Conference Plans for presenta- and Mr. Schneider re War Bond tion of the War play to be presented in Negro Bond play High Schools 16 Conference with Mr. Allen of Conference Appointment of State War Finance Committee Chairman of the WBSC novement in D. 0. 24 Meeting with Mr. Olney and Conference Recommended general Mr. McCorkle, re general use use of Negro Baby of Negro Baby poster poster to stimulate interest among Negro citizens. TOTALS 6 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 10. Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes April, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome APRIL 12 LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY Kentucky Negro Education Assn. Speaker - War Savings stressed 450 14 WILMERDING, PENNSYLVANIA County Jr. High School Speaker - War Bond appeal 650 15 PITTSBURGH, PERESYLVANIA Red Caps meeting Conference Presentation of War Bond Saving Club plan - 19 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS War Finance Office - Conference Presentation of War Negro Chamber of Commerce Bond Saving Club plan. 23 Metropolitan Community Speaker - Patriotic program, Church 2,950 War Bond appeal 27 EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Township High School Speaker - Sales - $15,000 4,000 28 CAIRO, ILLINOIS Summer High School Speaker - Sales - $ 4,325 400 20 CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS Church group Speaker - Sales - $ 1,300 200 TOTALS 8 8,650 $20,525 = Regraded Unclassifie Pickens 11. Table 5. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. May, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome MAY 1 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Chicago Defender officials Conference War Bond Saving Clubs publicity. 6-9 DETROIT, MICHIGAN A.N.B.Z. General Conference Conference Fifth War Loan plans WFC officials # If a # . 10-14 PHILADELPHIA, PA. A.M.E. General Conference Speaker - - War Bond Appeal 10,000 Patriotic meeting 15-16 NEW YORK, N. Y. WFC officials Conference Fifth War Loan plans 24-25 VPO officials Conference # # # . 28 WPC officials Conference # # 48 - 29 WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK New York Order of Blks Bond Rally - - Sales - $100,000 500 TOTALS 23 10,500 $100,000 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 13. Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes, June 1944. Attendance Objective Date Meeting Activity or Outcome JUNE 10-12 DETROIT, MICHIGAN WFC officials and Conference Fifth War Lean volunteers plans Ebeneser AME Church Speaker War Bond appeal Timken Axle Co. Speaker - 2400 $240,000* 13-15 GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Speaker - 150 War Bond appeal A.M.E. Church wro officials Conference War Bond appeal MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN Lackey Foundry Co. Speaker - - 1400 $140,000* Campbell, Wyant Speaker - 1250 $125,000* and Cannon John Wesley AMEZ Ch. Speaker - 200 War Bond appeal 16 BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN MFC officials Conference War Bond appeal Central High School Speaker - 1000 $100,000* 20-21 BUFFALO, NEW YORK WFC officials Conference Bond program Urban League officials Conference Bond program Bond Rally Speaker - - 1500 Sales - $50,000 TOTALS 13 7.900 $655,000 . A minimum of $100 for each worker Regraded Unclassified Pickess 18. Table 7. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance 16 and Outcomes. July, 1944 Date Meeting Attendance or Objective or Activity Outcome 7 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND WFC officials Conference Representation for Business League Con- vention Masonic Order Bond Rally Sales $98,800 Royal Theater 2500 Sales - $37,000 8-9 NEW YORK, NEW YORK Conference Negro participation WPC officials Mr. Zion AME Church Speaker Sales stimulation 10 NEWARK, NEW JERSEY #PC officials Conference B.F. Seldon's progress in the field. 13 WASHINGTON, D.C. Griffith Stadium Bond Rally Sales $1,000 (rained out) Ft. Dupont Park Bond Rally 15,000 War Bond Appeal. Rev. J. E. Elliott Conference Loan of Bond Booth St. Luke's Church. 27 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND WFC officials Conference YMCA Mass meeting "Negro Soldier" film shown. United Ushers Assn. 1150 Introduced Mar Bond Saving Clubs plan. 12 18,650 $136,800 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 14. Table 8. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. August, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome AUGUST 4 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA New Farmers of America, Speaker - War Bond Appeal Virginia State College 700 Nation-wide represen- tation 21 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Masonic Grand Ledge Speaker - War Bond Appeal 1,000 24 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Elks Grand Lodge Speaker - 1,200 $75,000 29 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA Messrs. FitsGibbon, Marc Ray Conference Tri-city participation Clement, and Harry Simms in War Bond program National Negro Business Speaker War Bond Appeal League, 16th Street Baptist Church TOTALS 5 2,900 $75,000 Regraded Unclassified Pickems 15. 8 Table 9. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. September, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome SEPTEMBER 8 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Willard W. Allen and Conference Status of War Bond Prof. Ed. N. Wilson Saving Clubs 20 NEW YORK, N. Y. WFC officials and leading Conference Formulation of Negro musicians Negro Good Music Committee 25 WASHINGTON, D. 0. National Alliance of Postal Conference Sales - $1,000 Employees, 1. 0. Frasier TOTALS 3 $1,000 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 16. Table 10. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. October, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome OCTOBER 1-3 INSTITUTE, WEST VIRGINIA West Virginia State College 1,250 War Bond Appeal 19-20 MNID, OKLAHOMA N.A.A.C.P. officials Conference - Sales stimulation 2,000 Officials of Langston University 2,000 War Bond Appeal 31-23 OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA Langston University 800 # . # 25 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Associated Negro Press, Conference Plans for War Bond Members of Congress program - 6th War Loan 27 GARY, INDIANA Roosevelt High School Conference Plans for 6th War officials Loan TOTALS 6 6,050 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 17. 50 Table 11. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. November, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome NOVEMBER 3 MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA Public High School Meeting - Sales - $7,000 250 4 ROANOKE, VIRGINIA Officials of Methodist Conference Plans for 6th Episcopal Church War Loan 15 WASHINGTON, D. C. Officials of O.P.A., and 35 Promotion of War Negro Insurance companies Bond sales thru anti-inflation pro- grea. 18-19 HARRISBURG, PA. Young Mens Christian Assn. 75 War Bond Appeal 26 NEW YORK, N. Y. Officials of WFC Conference Reports for 6th War Loan Drive 28 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Zion Baptist Church, Conference Promotion of 6th War Loan Drive Var Finance Committee # # # TOTALS 6 360 $7,000 Regraded Unclassified Pickens 18. 51 Table 13.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. December 1944, Attendance Objective Date Meeting Activity Outdoms DECEMBER 1 DAYTONA BEACH, FLA. Bethune-Cockman College Panel re Improvement discussion of race relations - 450 in var effort Bethune-Cookman College Teachers' mtg. $1,000 - 600 3 ST. AUGUSTINE, JACKSONVILLE, FIA College presidents Conference War Bond appeal 3-5 TALLAHASSE, PLA. Fla. A&M College Speaker Var Bond appeal faculty, students & community people 3,000 O.C.D. officials Conference Plans for tour 18-14. TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALA. Farm leaders Conference Farmers, citisens, Speaker $20,000 school personnel - 3200 mostly to farmers 15. NORMAL, ALA. State school Speaker Stressed War faculty & students - 800 Savings Community people Speaker $18,500 - 800 20. PHILADELPHIA, PA. B. P. Seldon Conference Plans for Canden stg. CAMDEN, N. J. WFC officials Meeting Bond promotion 21-33. NEW YORK CITY, NEWARK, N.J. VFC officials Conferences Plans for Leading citizens Bond meetings 29. NEW YORK CITY Golden Gate Rally Speaker $10,000 - 2,000 30. HAAGP officials Conference WFC officials # 31. NEWARK, N. J. Metropolitan Bapt. Church Speaker - 1500 TOTALS 18 12,380 49.500 Regraded Unclassified 19. 19. 52 PICKENS - Totals 1944 Travel Data No. of Conferences Number in Objectives or Days 11 No. or Month or meetings Attendance Outcomes field Cities Cost (Bond Sales) January 7 13,000 $ 412,300 11 1/2 4 80.65 February 10 18,450 1,281,000 25 9 167.75 March 6 5 2 38.10 April 8 8,650 20,525 24 3/4 6 169.28 May 7 10,500 100,000 17 3/4 5 135.55 June 13 7,900 655,000 23 8 158.05 July 12 18,650 136,800 5 1/2 5 41.34 August 5 2,900 75,000 11 4 79.74 September 3 1,000 6 2 43.80 October 6 6,050 17 5 113.58 November 6 360 7,000 12 4 73.05 December 18 12,350 49,500 25 11 179.56 TOTALS 101 98,810 $2,738,125 181 1/2 65 $1279.43 Regraded Unclassified Allen ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES 20. 53 of WILLARD W. Alima Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. January 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outosse JANUARY 3 BALTIMORE, KD. Speaker - Var Bond Appeal Faith Baptist Church 1500 Joint services of Enon and Speaker - # - I Shileh Beptist Churches 2500 4 Goodwill Industries, Inc. 200 4th Var Lean plans 5 WASHINGTON, D.C. Section conference with our - Consider tying is agricultural staff members farm population 4th Var Lean Drive 9 BALTIMORE, MD. S2et anniversary celebration Presided - wase progres of Imansipation Proclemation 3500 endersed 11 VFG and Harlon Theatre Conference Plans for 4th efficials 20 Bond premiere Var Lean Drive 16 Noneser AMB Church 500 VBSC Trinity Baptist Church 350 program Southern Reptist Church 600 endorsed 18 WASHINGTON, D.C. Furnish nevepaper Edgar 9. Rouseau of Pittsburgh service for Courier reported for duty 4th W.L.Drive at BALTINORE, 10. Speaker - Presented The Square Olub (Masons) 2500 "Southerunsires" Sales - $2,000 23 Colisous - Jee Leuis 5000 Influenced Jee "refereeing tour" to make Mar Bond appeal 28 HAAGE Meeting 2800 Goop. pledged. Shilch Deptist Church - Speaker 2000 e e AME Prenchare Meeting - Speaker 480 # # 80 Baca Deptict Shurch - Mass meeting 1500 Vas civil Liberbies Lengue 500 Bond Manumental Ledge of Miss 700 Appeals TOTALS If 26,300 $2,000 Regraded Unclassifie 21 Allen 54 Table 2.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. February, 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome FEBRUARY 2. WASHINGTON, D.C. Conference Drive to purchase Independent Order Airplane embulance of St. Lukes ($58,000 on hand) 4. ANNAPOLIS, MD. Speaker - In interest of 4th School officials & 1,000 War Loan Drive students of Anne Arundel County 9-10. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Speaker - 95% employee Phila. Signal Depot 18,000 participation. (70% Negroes) 12% of payroli 13. PRINCESS ANNE, MD. Bond Rally $30,700 Leading citizens Bond Sales A of 4 counties 17. BALTIMORE, MD. $20,000 Bond premiere Bond Sales "Lifeboat" Bishope and Con- Speaker - nectional Councils 2,000 $10,000 Mass Meeting Bond Sales 18. BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Conference Negro citizens of Gaston Burial Assn. Alabama reported officials $1,685,000 22. WASHINGTON, D.C. Bond Rally $85,475 Indep. Order of st. Lukes 25. FREDERICK, MD. Speaker - $11,618.16 Liheoln School 400 assembly 27. RALTIMORE, MD, Speaker - War Bond program Payne Memorial 1500 endorsed AND on. Fellowship Services - Lutheran 29. WASHINGTON, D-O- Organ. effected. Meeting of wase wase pemphlet committee adopted TOTALS 11 22,900 $225,793.15 Regraded Unclassified 23. Allen 55 Table 3.-Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. March, 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome MARCH 1. WASHINGTON, D.C. Conference WBSC program Field personnel discussion 5. BALTIMORE, MD. 1200 Support pledged Anniv. of Metro. 1200 4th War Loan Method. Church Drive Metro. Bapt. Church 500 12. ANNAPOLIS, MD. Speaker - WBSC plan Men's Day Victory 600 adopted Rally 24. WASHINGTON, D.C. Charles c. Craft reported for duty 26. BALTIMORE, MD. First Eapt. Church 1000 $15,000 Knights of Pythias 1500 to date anniversary service TOTAL 5 4800 $15,000 Regraded Unclassified n. Allen 56 Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. April, 1944. Attendance Objective Date Meating 10th ofty Outhone APRIL 1. Post of duty transferred to Baltimore, Md. 2. BALTIMORE, MD. Speaker - WBSC program Enon Bapt. Church 2000 adopted Ames Meth. Church Payne Memorial Oh. 6. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Conference Full cooperation Provident Home Ind. pledged in WBSC Mut. Life Ins. Oo. program Amer. Woodmen Frat- - # ernal Ins. Co. Scottish Rite Masons - # White Rook Bept. oh. Speaker # 9. BALTIMORE, MD. Speaker # Hiran Consistory 500 Maon Bapt. Church 2500 Southern Bapt. Oh. 300 Xbeneser Dept. Oh. 350 11. Penna. Ave. AMEZ Ch. Speaker I 16. Morning Star Bept. Ch. 2000 WBSC plan 1. Hoffman st. Meth. Ch. 500 adopted Provident Bapt. Oh. 600 17. 40th anniversary of Speaker - Mt. Sinai Bapt. Ch. 19. AME conference 3000 - 23. AMB conference Speaker - . 2500 Bond Rally Speaker - $150,000 2000 28. MILWAUKES, WISO. Conference Expl. WBSC program Leading citisens State Repr. appt'd 29. Officials of Milw. Jal. Conference Expl. WBSC and the Tribune, TMCA program and NAAGP officials 30. Calvary Bapt. Ch. Speaker # 600 Bond Rally Speaker $7,000 TOTAL 23 16,880 $157,000 Regraded Unclassified 24. 57 Allen Table 5.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. May 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome MAY 7-10. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Speaker Explain WBSC General Conf. AME Church 10000 plan 18-21. PITTSBURGH, PA. Wash. annual Conf. 1000 Explain WBSC N.C. Mutual Life Ins. Do. Conference plan Women's Sec. of Chr. Service # Pittsburgh Courier # Prattie WBSC $16000 Young People's Service # Explain WBSC Alleghany High School 2500 plan Bast Calvary Meth. Church 3000 TOTAL 8 16500 Regraded Unclassified 28. 58 Allen Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. June - July 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome JUNE 8-10. GREENSBORO, N.C. Speaker Explained Central Jurisdictional Conf. 1,000 War Bond N. c. Mutual Ins. Co. Conference Saving Glubs Negro Business League # plan Winston Mutual Life Ins. To. # A & T College officials If JULY 1-3. ST. LOUIS, MO. Chamber of Negro Business Conference WBSC.plan St. Paul AME Church 900 adopted. War Bond Bally Speaker Full support Masons, Grand Lodge of Mo. # pledged. TOTAL 9 1,900 Regraded Unclassified 26. Allen 27 Table 7.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. (August, September, October - no report) November 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome NOVEMBER 18 BALTIMORE, MD. American Garment Workers Speaker - To intensify 400 the sale of War Bonds. 19 FREDERICK, MD. Quinn Methodist ?mirch Speaker # Order Eastern Star - 800 1 20 WASHINGTON, D. c. Conference Re 6th War Loan WFD officials Drive. 22-29 BALTIMORE, MD. War Bond Show 5th Regiment, Armory - Speaker # 30 NORTH PHILADELPHIA, PA. Speaker Stimulate greater Phila. Signal -18,000 War Bond partici- pation. 13 19,200 Regraded Unclassified 28. 03 ALLEN - Totals 1944 Travel Data No. of Conferences Number in Objectives or Days IN 20. or Month or meetings Attendance Outcomes field Cities Gest January 17 24,300 $ 2,000 3 1/2 6 26.70 February 11 22,900 225,793.15 8 1/4 5 54.10 March 5 4,800 15,000 1/2 3 3.60 April 23 16,850 157,000 4 1/4 2 26.60 May 8 16,500 10 2 64.50 June - July 9 1,900 9 1/4 2 59.00 Ang - - Oct - no report November 13 19,200 1 2 8.19 December - no report TOTALS 86 106.450 $399,793.15 36 3/4 22 $244.00 Regraded Unclassified 20. 61 ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES of HELL HUNTER Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. January 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome JANUARY 14-15 ST. PETERSBURG, FLA. Conference Organised War State Federation of Colored Bond Drive Women's Clubs 16 First Baptist Church Speaker Launched Campaign for Drive - Canvassed - $20,000 17-25 CLEARWATER, PLA. State Federation of Colored Conference Organized wait Women's Clubs for Drive TAMPA, FLA. Conference $55,000 MIAMI, FLA. Conference $85,000 State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs 24-25 WEST PAIM BEACH, FLA. City Federation of Colored Conference Set - Ver Bond Women's Glubs Organisation School and Church Groups, Cenferences Sales-$16,000 and Individuals Pledges-$55,000 26 DATTONA BEACH, pla. Bethune-Cocknan Gollege Speaker Var Bond Appeal Mass Meeting - $18,000 27-50 JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Conference Coordinated Negro WFG and Women's activities for Federation Drive Mass Meeting - $1,800 Negro War Finance Committee Conference $200,000 TOTALS 12 - $587,800 Regraded Unclassified Hunter 50. 62 Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. February 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcose FEBRUARY 4 ROANOKE, VA. Phyllis Wheatley Branch YWCA Speaker $1,000 Y.V.U.A Conference Presented plan of participation 6 TUSKEGEE, AIA. WFC of Alabama Conference Planned itinerary MONTGOMERY, AIA. Mass meeting at USO Center - Program planning 7-14 TUSCALOOSA, SHRFFIELD, FLORENCE, AND BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Conference Drive plans. War Finance Workers Canvassing. Public Meetings - Influenced (Clubs, Churches, Schools) - Sales. 15-22 FLORENCE, SHEFFIELD, TUSCUMBIA, ALA. Bond Rellies 3,000 - BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Bond Rally sponsored by Women's - $1,235,000 Division, WFC TUSKNGHN, ALA. Air Bace Speaker $125,000 29 WASHINGTON, D.C. WBS0 Organising Committee meeting - - TOTALS 15 5,000 $1,361,000 Regraded Unclassified 31. I Nell Renter 63 Table 3. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance and Outcomes March, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome March 4. Newark, N. J. Conference Increasing Negro Women's Division-WFC Women's participation in Essex County 9-10- Women's Division-WFC Conference Reorganised Negro Women's Category 16-18 Women's Division-WFC Conference Introduced WBSC plan 22-28 Newark, N. J. Conference Mt. Zion Bapt. Ch. Explained War Bond Iota Phi Lambda - Saving Clubs Serority program Basex County Beauty If Culturists Ministerial Alliance # Essex Temple $42 War Bond Saving Greater Newark Temple Clubs organized #508 Victory Club Crispus Attucks Auxiliary American Legion Post TOTALS 12 - Regraded Unclassified Nell. Number Number as. 64 Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes April, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outsome APRIL 1-4 Newark, N.J. Conferences WBSC plan C.I.O. presented and Leather Workers received Crusible Steel Workers Worthington Steel Workers Prudential Construction Textile Workers A.F. of L. Building Service Employees International Ned Carriers #699 Laundry Workers I.L.A. (Longshoremen) #1333 Baxter Housing Officials Conference # Bethel Baptist Church officials Conference WBSO organized 7-11 Durham, N.C. Leading citizens Conference WBSC presented 12-24 Organization heads - 35 8 WBSC presented - 9 WBSOe pledged. 28 Raleigh, N.C. Regional meeting of Jeanes Teachers Introduced WBSC plan 29-30 Recky Mount, N.O. Leading citizens Speaker B Wilson, N.C. Leading citizens Speaker WB90 organised - 10 members Tarboro, N.C. Parent-Teachere Association Speaker wase presented and endorsed TOTALS 17 Regraded Unclassified Nell Nunter Number n. 65 Table 5.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes May, 1944 Attendance Objective Date or or Meeting Activity Outcome May 2-9 Wilmington, N.C. Conferences Commitments to Parent-Teacher Assa. organise WBSCs. Ministerial Alliance Federal Housing Group Shipbuilding Workers' Union Charlotte, N.O. Conferences # American Legion Teachers' Credit Union A.X.A. Sererity Acheville, N.O. Conferences I Lecal Branch of NAME Ministerial Alliance City Federation Gol. Women 10-16 Winston-Salem, N.C. Cenferences # Winston Nutual Life Insurance Go. Air Raid Wardens American Legion Post Blk Ledge Greensboro, N.C. Conferences Assisted"existing American Legion WBSG WBSOs N1k Ledge WBSC Beauticians' Volunteer Corps waso Labor lecal WB80 Durham, N.C. State Representative WBSG Conference Appointed "Chain" to fellow-up WB00 work in city 21 Nevark, N.J. Conference Presented wase plan - Officials of Labor unions Commitments to Banberger Dept. Store employees organise WBSCs Lengsherenen Fidelity Union Trust Co.Negro empl. Crusible Steel Verkers Tidewater Air Base Workers 26 Detreit, Mich Speaker Pledged 1000 Detroit Assa. of Negro Women enlospersons for 5th Mar Lean Drive. TOTALS x - Regraded Unclassified nuster $4. well master 56 Table 6. . Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. June 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meatings Activity Outsome JUNE 1 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI was and Netropoliten Council Speaker Completing orgm. of HONE for 5th W. L. 17. BUFFALO, NEW YORK Var Finance Committee Conference Plan for "Negro Day" celebration 18. Contacted prospective Conference Assured of bond-yurchasers $26,000 sales 19. Leading club vener Conference Organ. Vemen's Var Finance Committee n. NEW YORK CITY Netropolitan Unit, NONW Conference Plans for ss Harriet Tubman Drive. 23. 2 State Rallies Speaker - TOTALS . - - Regraded Unclassified us. Bunter 67 Table 9.- Mumber and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. July - August 1944 Attendance Objective or or Dake Mesting Activity Outsens JULY 6. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA Alleghamy County Confercess Plans for Var Bond Women's WFG Dinner pregram. Sales $88,000 JULY & WASHINGTON OFFICE Compiling Tubmen Drive to AND. reports date $1,800,000 2. TOTALS 18 - $1,888,000 Regraded Unclassified 36. Number 68 Table 8.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), or Attendance, and Outcomes. September, 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome EXPERIMER sig( GIEVELAND, OHIO Conference Commitment to Contacted special organise WBSG organizations (8) Dunbar War Bond Saving Club 11 Organization leaders Conferences # U.A.W. - 4.7. of L. Outhwaite Housing Project St. James Methodist Church 12-13 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Speaker Pledged service Women's Army for National on local WFO. Defense Orgad. workers for 6th Yar Loan 19 CLEVELAND, OHIO Credit Union of Carver Houses Conferences WBSC plan Brotherhood Club accepted Thompson Aircraft workers Smelter's local (A.F.L.) Urban League Phyllis Wheatley Ass'n Steel Workers' local Auto Workers' local Social Workers' Council Ministers' Conference Negro women's WFC Conference Plans for 6th W.L.D. 28 TOLEDO, OHIO VFC committee Conference Introduced WBSC leading citizens plan. Premise of organ. of 4 WBSCs 26 Regraded Unclassified 87. Number 69 Table 9. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. October 1944. Attendance Objective or OF Date Meeting Activity Outcome OCTOBER 14-29 GLEVELAND AND TOLNDO, OHIO Dumber Nutual Society wase Conferences Organising Outhwaite Housing Credit Union War Bond Saving Clubs M Leading citizens Conferences Setting up machinery for 6th War Loan promotion First Deptist Church - Toledo Speaker Mar - 1200 Bond Cery Methodist Church - Cleveland Speaker appeal - 1500 TOTALS 2700 Regraded Unclassified Number se. Table 10.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. November 1944, Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome NOVEMBER 12 PITTSBURGH, PA, Guest Soloist, $465.00 Negro Women's VFC Masical Tea For Drive - 500 expenses. { BIRMINGHAM, ALA - R.Jackson Beauticians' Vol. Corps Report $48,350 3 14-15 BUFFALO, N. Y. Plane for Drive VIFO members Conference $5,000 Leading citizens - Enlisted caloswomen 16 ROCHESTER, I. I. VFC members Conference Plane for Leading citizens # Drive. 17-18 ITHACA, B. Y. VPC members Community mtg. Orged. Compaign Leading citizens - 500 Committee. "M extra Bond is i I ^^ PITTSBURCH, PA - 4. Polk Women's Division Report 3 20-22 BUFFALO, NIAGINA FALLS, N.Y. 28-30 CHICAGO, ILL. MPC members Conferences Bulisted services Leading citizens # for 6th Var Lean Women's WFC & subs. allo Compaign. beauticians groups 800 churches 2800 Bond Mally $115,700 TOTALS 4300 $100,000 Regraded Unclassified is. Number 71 Table 11.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes. December, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome 1-24 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS (School rallies 4,000 $ 29,000 plus Community organs. and Glubs 600 105 Dinner meetings 800 $1,000-plate dinner Soleist- ($1,600,000 plus) Merrison Hotel 375 DUQUOIN and ILLINOIS Public Meetings Speaker- Plans for com- 800 munity coverage BHRKELEY, CALIFORNIA - V.O.Marsh Women's Defense Corps Report $ 56,899.25 DENVER, COLORADO - L,Campbell Women's organizations Report 0 220,000 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI Women's Division. VIC Report 10,500 TOTALS 107 6,575 $ 516,489.35 Regraded Unclassified Runter $ 72 VONEN'S MAR FINANCE CONNITTED 1. Chairman - Vice Chairman - Advisory Council The advisory council is composed of heads of leeal vomen's organizations. From these groups the folloving cervices are asked: 1. Boad buying from treasury funds 3. Membership buying 3. Membership selling 2. Sub-committees: 4. Publicity - Speaker's Bureau This unit shall ... that the community is kept informed of all committee activities through the following channels: 1. Lecal newspapers and other periodicals. 2. Radio 8. Churches, clubs and public gatherings where speakers may be sent. B. Stamps and Bonds 1. The function of this unit 10 to designate sales stations 2. Man and supply stamps and bond applications for stations 3. Maice weekly or monthly reports to the chairman. c. Rally This unit shall organise public meetings for the purpose of selling bends and acquainting the community with the merits of the War Bond program. These rullies say be spensered w local organizations such as ministers vives associates, federated clubs, sererities or fraternal auxiliaries. D. Bleck The block sub-committee has as its function the door-to-door canvassing. It usually operates during special campaigns such as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th Var Loan Drive. (If possible, work with the local O.C.D. set-up.) 1. Bond Savings If the committee so desires it may have as one of its projects, securing spensorship for Var Bond Saving Clubs among lecal organisations that exist in the community. lateraries 3. Some chairmen have found 10 simpler to break down the committees into the fel- loving: & Federated clubs b. Business and prefessional groups 6. Fraternal suniliaries a. Church groups e. Beauty shops The heads of enb-committees and the hoads of categories constitute the executive body. Regraded Unclassified Menter 73 Unclassified (Heads of Women's Orges. Regraded Advisory Council Beauticians Church Categories Secret & Benefit Organiza- tions Chairman or Co-Ordinator Business & Professional Executive Body Federated Clubs Bond Saving Clubs Sub-Committees Block Bond-Stamp Public -nRally $ 74 NUNTER - Totals 1944 No. of Conferences Number in Travel Data Objectives or Month Days in No. of or meetings Attendance Outcomes field Cities Cost January 12 $ 387,800 18 1/4 7 113.55 February 15 3,000 1,361,000 18 3/4 10 114.00 March 12 16 1 103.10 April 17 14 1/2 6 91.40 May 26 25 1/2 8 155.75 June 7 14 3/4 3 98.75 July - August 1 1,888,000 8 1/2 1 60.60 September 26 25 3/4 3 161.50 October 5 2,700 16 3/4 2 105.70 November 89 4,300 169,535 19 1/4 7 121.65 December 107 6,575 316,499 25 8 159.20 TOTALS 317 16.575 $4,122,834 204 51 $1285.20 Regraded Unclassifie 75 ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES of GRARMSS 4. MOLEAN Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, And Outcomes. May - June, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outeome MAY 26 WASHINGTON, D. 0. Reported for duty with Interracial Section JUNE 8 Shaw Jr. High School Conference 18 Shaw Jr. High School Speaker Started drive for 1,000 Schoole-at-Var Flug - 90% 19 NEW YORK CITY Nat'l Negro Publishers' Assa. Conference Participation accured. 18 War Bond Rally sponsored by 2,000 Negro Freedem Organization 21-22 BUFFALO, NEW YORK Was Loan Drive $809,490.25 25. ROCENSTER, NEW YORK Preshyterian Church Speaker 200 20 SCHNNBOTAIN, NEW YORK Lineeln He. Housing Project Conference War Bond Saving Club is process so Western New York Patrictic Session, AKE Sion Conference Specker 200 TOTALS 8 3,400 $809,480.25 Regraded Unclassified 44. Hellenn 76 Table 2.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, and Outsemes. July, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outoma JULY 6 DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA ANYS Corps Bond Rally & Show Speaker $105,475 1,000 8 GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA Was Finance Committee efficials Conference 18 WINSTON-SALIN, WORTH CAROLINA Winston Mutual Life Inc. de. Conference $ 73,000 26-20 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Nat'l United Ushers' Assn. Speaker Var Bond Saving 500 Club plan adopted Motion Picture 29 WASHINGTON, D. 0. Calif. delegation of Nat'l Conference United Ushere' Assn. TOTALS 1.800 $178.475 Regraded Unclassified Holson $ 77 Table 8.- Number and Nature of Neetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendence. md Outcomes. August, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Keetings Activity Outseme AUGUST 1-8 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Maryland Dusiness Assn. Conference Introduced wase plan. Labor Union efficials # Payrell Savings s wase plan 6 Fortiliser Workers of Beltimore Speaker # 200 6-21 RICEMOND, VIRGINIA Var Finance Committee officials Conference Payroll Savings Labor Union efficials: Conference Payrell Savings Richmond, Newport News, Norfelk, Suffelk, Franklin, Danville, Pledged increased South Boston, Chase City, South Hill, purchases a decrease Petersburg of redemption Farmville, Keyeville, Brookneal & Conference Introduced Payrell Lynchburg Savings s used 22-25 BOANOKE, VIRGINIA American Legion Convention Speaker Introduced wase 500 plan Negro Var Finance Committee efficials Conference Geneluded pleas to speasor & plane for herees of Reaseks z HARTINGVILLE, VIRGINIA Cooperative Paste Factory Conference Explained wase plan (1,000 Negro Women Here.) with director Joint meeting of laber unions Conference 1 e e 26-31 XII YORK Rechester, Ithaca, Binghamton Givie organisation heads Conference (6th Mar Lean pleas Discourage Bond Var Finance Committee efficials 0 (redemption TOTALS n 700 Regraded Unclassified McLesa 78 Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance, And Outcomes. September, 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome SEPTEMBER 1-8 BINGHAMTON, STRAGUSE, BUFFALO, UTICA, N.Y. Conferences 6th Var Loan plans WFO officials ("Bonds for Babies") Women's committees leading citisens local union officials 7-11 SCHNNECTADY, SARATOGA SPRINGS, ALRANT NEW YORK CITY Conferences WFC efficials labor union officials 14-17 GREENSBORO, REIDSVILLE, Conferences MADISON, M2. AIRY, Interest of tobacco WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. farmers WFC committees school officials Schoele-st-war agrie. representatives program 21-22 GRAHAM, DURHAM, BALEIGH, Conferences PATE/TIVILLE, N.O. Bend sales AMONG to- WFC officials, farm bacco farmers. agents, and others 6th War Lean plans 23-27 SILER CITY, HIGH POINT, Conferences Interest of Schools- LEXINGTON, SALISBURY, at-way progrem CHARLOTTE, STATESVILLE, NOCKSVILLE, I. 0. 6th Ver Loss plans School officials MFO officials Fellow-up of 1980 28-50 MARTINGVILLE, CHATHAM, Conferences 6th Var Lean plans HALIFAX, SOUTH BOSTON, Bend sales among DANVILLE, va. tobacco formare upo officials farm agents Interest of Schools- Schools-at-war connittees at-var pregram so Regraded Unclassified McLean Melcon 7.9 Table 5. . Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance And Outcomes. October 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Outcome OCTOBER 2 GREENSBORO, N.C. Commissioner of Agrie. Conference Stimulate sales Negro farm agent # among tobacco WFC officials # farmers 9-16 NEW YORK CITY WFC officials Conference Work among Labor leaders: # organised Laundry Workers # labor groups Garment Workers # readth War Bldg. Service Empl. . Loan Drive Hotel & Restaurant # Transport Service - Negro Labor Victory Committee # rep. w local unions Dunbar Housing Manager # Blke Lodge program Dedication Stamp & Bond service Booth 17-20 CLEVELAND, OHIO VFC officials Conference Reorganised Labor Labor leaders - activities and Civic leaders . 6th War Loan Drive 21 DETROIT, MICH. CIO locals Meeting 6th War Loan pleas 25-24 CLEVELAND, OHIO Progressive Dus. Men's Club Speeker Bend appeal 25-26 Phyllis Wheatley Asm. Cleveland committee Organ. Mtg. chairmen elected 27-28 COLUMBUS, OHIO VPO officials Conference 6th War Loan plans 19 Regraded Unclassified McLean 48. 80 Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. November 1944. Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome NOVEMBER 1-4 COLUMBUS, OHIO WFC officials Conference To finance 6th Leading citizens War Loan publicity 5 DAYTON. OHIO Bethel Baptist Church Speaker - 700 Committee organ. 8-9 School officials Conference Inaugurate "Schools and students at-War" program - to purchase army equipment and par- ticipate in poster contest. 10 West Side Dayton Comm. Conference Plans for house-to- house cauvass. 15-21 CHARLESTON, MONTGOMERY, BLUEFIELD, W. VIRGINIA WFC officials and W. Va. Conference Schools-at-War State College Bond Unit program. Teachers Assn. officials # # Dus. & Prof. Men's Club Speaker # Teacher assembly If - 500 # Student assembly If - 700 # Agricultural workers Conference WBSC State Repr. Farner participation # WBSC progress. 23-28 ROANOKS, RICHMOND,PETERSBURG, SOUTH BOSTON, SOUTH HILL, DANVILLE, VIRGINIA WFC officials Conference 6th Var Loan plans State Teachers Conv. Speaker- 500 Display MPC material School officials Conference Schools-at-War prog. South Hill - farmers Conference Sales stimulation South Boston - farmers Speaker - 200 # Dusville - farmers # - 225 # 29 GREENENORO. I. c. VPO officials Conference 6th Var loan plans 20 2,825 MeLean 81 Table 900 Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (Or Addressed), Attendance, and Outcomes, December, 1944 Attendance Objective or or Meetings Activity Outsome I BUFFALO, NEW YORK VFG Officials Conference Plans for "Hegro- American Dage Churches (3) Speaker Shileh Baptist Church Rally $55,000 7 NEAGARA FALLS, N.Y. Upstate War Finance Committee Rally 8 BUFFAIO, N.Y. Labor & Praternal officials Conference Vomen's division Speaker 10-13 ROCHESTER, N. T. War Finance Committee officials Conference Churches (3) Speaker 18 SCHENSOTADY. N.Y. Lineeln Housing Project Meeting Housevives partici- pation - 78% 28-50 GREENSBORG, VINSTON-SALIM, REIDEVILLE, NOXBORO, N.O. VPG efficials Conferences To encourage Farmers' meetings greater invest- 4-8 Club leaders ment is Bends st OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 4-2 Club assual meeting Speaker # TOTALS 19 - $55,000 Regraded Unclassified 50. 80 82 NOTRAN - Totals 1944 No. of Conferences Number in Objectives or Days in No. of Month or meetings Attendance Outcomes field Cities Cost May - June 8 3,400 $ 809.480.25 15 1/4 6 $102.05 July 5 1,500 178,475.00 8 3/4 4 69.30 August 25 700 28 3/4 22 200,69 September 30 25 29 208.11 October 19 25 5 164.80 November 20 2,825 29 1/4 12 201,95 December 19 53,000.00 19 1/2 10 148.00 TOTALS 126 8,425 $ 1,040,955.35 149 1/2 # $1,075.50 Regraded Unclassified 83" si ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES of HERJAMIN P. SELDON Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance, and Outcomes. May - June 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome MAY 25 Sworn in JUNE 1 NEWARK, NEV JERSEY War Finance Committee Conference 7 Nat'l Beauty Culturists League 200 Cooperation pledged 9 WASHINGTON, D.C. Pageant at Griffith Stadium 10,000 To observe speaker's technique 13 HILLSIDE, NEW JERSEY Cooper Alloy Foundry Co. Rally $60,000 14 EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY Leading citizens Conference Explained WBSC plan 15-16 NEWARK, NEW JERSEY Ford Edgewater Plant 3,000 $334,000 19-20 Leading Citizens Conference Orgad. Boy Scouts; I Beauticians for July 2 Rally TOTALS 7 13,200 $394,000 Regraded Unclassified BFSeldon $ seldem 84 Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance and Outcomes. July,1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome JULY 2 NEWARK, F. J. Baseball Game - Rally Day 15,000 $20,200 8 CAMDEN, N. J. Var Finance Chairman Conference Plane for creating greater int. in " Bond buying 12 JERSEY CITY. N. 8. Leading citizens Conference To secure Reesevelt park for rally 18-19 CANDIEN, N. J. and EAST ORANGE Subcommittee meeting Conference Studied Mar Bond prob- lem of Daddy Grace, and Rally Mt. Olive Baptist Church officials Conference $875 19 LAWNSIDE, N. J. Leading citizens Conference Planned parade and out- door meeting 25 Bond Drive - Baseball Park 550 $8,025 so PLAINFIELD, N. J. Mt. Olive Baptist Church Conference $750 TOTALS 8 15,580 $20,850 Regraded Unclassified BFSeldon $ seldem 85 Table 8.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance and Outcomes. August,1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meeting Activity Outcome AUGUST 5 Post of duty transferred to Newark, I. J. 9 SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 259th Convention of Labor Conference Made contacts with Movement Labor leaders 16 ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. War Finance Committee Conference Plans for Bond Rally in Atlantic City 19 Leading citizens Conference Pledged to support program. Aim to pur- chase $80,000 Pursuit = Aeroplane. 23 FT. DIX, N.J. Chief of Public Relations Conference Pledged cooperation. (Major Goo. Paul) Promised a tank's speakers, wounded soldiers etc., for Atl. City parade. 26-29 ATLANTIC CITY. N. J. War Finance Committees ) Church groups ) Conference Future arrangements Mr. Gain & his citizens com-) for Atl. City rally mittee at Am. Legion hdqtrs.) 31 Frontiers of America (Luncheon) Speaker Pledged aid in Bond selling TOTALS 8 Regraded Unclassified Seldon life selden 86 Table 4. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance And Outcomes. September 1944. Attendance Objective or Date Meetings Activity Outcome SUPTIMBER 7-14 ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY WFC members Conference Plassfor Drive 16 WASHINGTON, D. c. Washington staff Conference Arranged programs 18-19 BOSTON, MASS. wro members Conference Arranged Labor groups # meetings 20-25 Labor leaders Contacts a 24 Meeting - St. Mark's Church Speaker - 250 WBSC plan adopted 25 United War Mothers Speaker - 100 # of America 26 Labor leaders Conference Arranged meeting 27-30 Little Fellows Bank Speaker - 100 Progressive Credit Union Conference $6,000 WOOP Radio Broadcast Speaker - 300 TOTAL 11 750 $6,000 Regraded Unclassified E. Seldem selden 87 Table 5. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance And Outcomes. October 1944 Attendance Objective or or Date Meetings Activity Ontsome OCTOBER BOSTON, MASS Newspaper editors Conference News statement issued Urban League staff Conference Stimulate South Rad House staff # interest Progressive Credit Union - in the Labor officials a Var Bond Porters Union . program Business Club . ywa workers # TOTAL Regraded Unclassified Selden ms. 88 Table 6. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance And Outcomes. November 1944 Attendance Objective 07 or Date Meetings Activity Outcome NOVEMBER HEWARK, N. J. Ford Plant employees 3,270 $322,000 BOSTON, MASS. Ministerial Alliance Conference Sales stimulation nevark, N. J. Conference Department heads # Plans for WFC efficials # county-vide City committees # drive. Leading citisens # CANDEN, N. s. Armstrong Corporation Speaker $18,000 -365 Ruberoid Company Speaker $ 6,000 -370 NimesRein & Bailey Co. Speaker - 97 $ 7,500 LAWNSIDE, N. J. School efficials Conference Forned Leading citizens I War Bond Mayer Pelk # Committee Postmaster e TOTALS 18 4.002 $355.500 Regraded Unclassified Seldon -57 89 Table 7.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance And Outcomes. December 1944. Attendance Objective Date Meetings Activity Outcome DECEMBER 1-4 NEVARK, N. J. VPO officials Conference % spur " Bond - Ministerial Alliance R buying. Social workers # 5. School principal Conference $1,309.20 Bonds & Stamps MONTGLAIR, N. J. Leading citizens Conference Plans for door-te- door canvase. 6. newark, N. J. newspaper offices Conference For ministers # cooperation 7 -12. MORRISTOWN, ATLANTIC CITY, CAMDEN, NEWARK, N. J. WFC officials Conference Re War Bond War Bond leaders # publicity Civic leaders # material 13-16 ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. Leading citizens Conference Bond School officials # stimulation LAWNSIDE, N. J. Bond Rally & Show 500 $8,000 17. MONTCLAIR, N. J. First Methodist Church Bond appeal - 350 NEWARK, N. J. Netropolitan Rept. Church Speaker - 2700 26-30. Leading citisens sad Contacts age Bond county leaders # stimulation 31, PLAIMFIELD, II. J. Methodist Church Speaker To sustain Var Bond interest TOTALS 13 4,002 $353,500 Regraded Unclassified se 06 SELDON - Totals 1944 No. of Conferences Number in Month Objectives or Days in or matings 20, of Attendance Outcomer flate Cast May - June 7 13,200 $ 394,000 26 1/4 5 $169.75 July 8 15,550 29,850 27 3/4 7 182.35 August 8 10 1/2 4 76.85 September 11 750 I 6,000 16 1/4 3 107.80 October 8 29 3/4 1 184.30 November 13 4,002 353,500 16 1/2 4 119.90 December 17 3,550 9,309 7 8 57.70 TOTALS 72 37,052 $793,659 134 32 $898.65 Regraded Unclassified 31 NATIONAL STAFF - GRAND TOTALS - 1944 (Out-af-town) Objoctives No. of Conferences and Meatings Outcomes or 1/ Days in Employee Attendance field visited Cities 2/ Travel Cost w p.19 Pickens 101 98,810 $ 2,738,125 181 1/2 65 $1,279.43 p.28 Allen 86 106,450 399,793 36 3/4 22 (part-time) 244.69 P.42 Nunter 317 16,575 4,122,834 204 51 1,285.30 0.00 McLean (June-Dec.) 126 6,425 1,040,955 149 1/2 88 1.,075.50 0.00 Selden 72 37,052 792,659 134 32 898.65 (June-Dec.) Grand Totals 702 267,312 $ 9.094,366 705 3/4 258 $4,783.47 1/ See also War Bond Sales, p.61. 2/ Several cities were visited many times. 3/ Per diem and other expenses, exclusive of salary and railroad fares. 92 Regraded Unclassified CURTIS 4. CROCKER Promotion Specialist, WFC Virginia The War Finance set-xp was established in Virginia in the Spring of 1942 - soon after Pearl Harbor. However, the Interracial Section vas not set in motion until the Fall of 1942. In October of that year Mr. Curtis A, Crocker, a former High School Principal who vas Field Secretary of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Inc., was appointed Deupty Administrator of War Finance in Virginia, His job was one of education and promotion. At that time there were thousands of people in Virginia - as in other states - who did not realise the seriousness of the var, They had not been told the importance or the necessity of investing every extra dime and dollar in War Bonds. Having traveled the state in his previous position, Mr. Crocker knew Virginia pretty well, His first task was to set up a War Finance Committee in every city and county in the State. Then through donferences, visitations and material, committee members were not only sold on the idea themselves but were equipped and prepared to sell the idea to others. The committees were picked with care so as to include people from every section of a city or county as the case may be, as well as to include every occupation. Committees are not permitted to lose interest or lag in their important work. They are constantly supplied with the latest materials and other types of information se as to keep the program constantly before the public. The various committees have worked effectively in every War Loan Drive. They have played a large part in helping their respective cities and counties make their monthly quotas. The exact figures in dollars and cents are of course difficult to determine, as the results of the com- mittees' work are included in the over-all picture. 93 ISAIAH P. POGUE, JR. Deputy Manager, W.F.C. Upstate, Nov York In February 1944 a full-time interracial worker was appointed to the Yes Finance Committee, in Upstate New York, an area comprising fifty-four counties and six Federal Reserve Districts. 4a a basis of organization, 10 vas decided to concentrate in communities with a Negro pepulation of 300 or more, for the purpose of integrating them fully into the War 71- names progrem. No quotas are allocated but the slegan of "Complete Cover- age and Extra Bonds" is mood. It is estimated that at least three-fourths of the Negro pepulation vork in industry or on jobs with payrell savings. Volunteer workers are recruited with representation on the central com- mittees. Both the Negro and white communities have accepted the progres wholeheartedly. With the assistance of national staff members, vorking committees or groups are located in the fellowing cities, all of which were active in the Sixth War Loant Auburn Niagara Falls Binghauton Rechester Buffale Schenectady Ithaca Syracuse Lackevana Ution Buffalo is the fecal point of this vork due to the large Negro popula- tion. approximately 30,000 - more than the combined number of the rest of the area. The program is unique in that a day is set apart during the war leans for American Negroes. All sales from all issuing agencies are credited to that day. The Negro volunteer workers make their reports at a was rally at which there have been such prominent Americans ast Briga- dier General 3. 0. Davis, Dr. Marshall Shepard, Dr. Villiam Pickens and others. Another feature of the day is a civie luncheon sponsored by the Mayor and County Chairman as a tribute to the Negro industrial workers who are doing such a magnificent job in making 10 possible for Buffale to meet its tremendously heavy schedules for Army and Herry production. More- ever, the progrem has definite race relations objectives. Future plans include the completion of the organizational work in the few remaining cities where the program can be of value, to the ond that the entire upstate area can have an active, functioning Mar Finance organ- isation. Regraded Unclassified 60-0 94 HARRY SIMMS Promotion Specialist, WFO Alabama A complete report on Var Dond sales among Negroes in all counties is not at present available. This partial report gives a cross-section of Negro par- ticipation in the State during the 8th War Lean Drive and furnishes a basis for calculating the results in general being obtained throughout the Negro Division. Amount of Sales $2,322,638. Regraded Unclassified 2-8 C. C. SPAULDING Associate Administrator, WFC North Carolina As Associate Administrator for the War Finance Divi- sion for the State of North Carolina, it has been my privilege to make several talks in different parts of North Carolina, as well as in other states, in the interest of War Loan Campaigns. Aside from speaking in eight different towns and communities of the State during the year, wide distribution for posters and War Loan literature has been made. In my various contacts, efforts have been made to avaken Negross of the State to the fact that it is a privilege as well as their patriotic duty. to actively support the War Loan Campaigns. That efforts along this line have met with an encouraging measure of support. is evidenced by the fact that Negro drives throughout the State have not only received excel- lent support, but in many instances quotas assigned have been oversubscribed. It has been my purpose to devote as much time to War Loan activities as other duties would permit. Results, I feel, have been encouraging, and will continue TO react favorably as the American public becomes more fully awakened to the obliga- tion they owe their Government. The following represents copy of a letter I received as a result of a recent visit to one of our North Carolina com- munities: "I have heard more good comments from both white and colored about the type of meeting that ve had last Sunday. You can- not imagine just how it has helped in relations between the white and colored. "For myself, I appreciate you and Mr. Wheeler taking the time to come down and make an address to the people of our county. I do not know of & man that has done so such for his people as you have done. I say this with the deepest respect and admiration for what you have done. "Today we received a large new deposit from a Negro and have sold today about $1,000.00 in War Bonds to Negroes. One was a woman that had been carrying $300.00 in cash in her pocket-book and came in to buy bonds with it. She told no that she had been at the meeting Sunday." 13. - The North Carolina Nutual Life Insurance co., of which 0. 0. Spaulding is President, has purchased $4,575,400 in Var Bonds during the year. Of this amount $2,000,000 vas purchased during the SthWar Lean Drive. Regraded Unclassified 96 O.C. V. TAYLOR State Coordinator, W.F.C. Louisiana We are pleased to report that in Louisiana the Negro divi- sion has been quite active. While we have not succeeded in having a recognized Negro division in every parish to function fully and to touch every Negro in the State, ve have succeeded in a small way. Our State Administrator has cooperated with us in trying to get these 08- ganisations perfected, but ve have not received the support of the par- ish chairmen and it was left up to them to decide whether or not they wanted Negro participation in the lean drives. We have about ten Negro parish organizations out of sixty- four parishes in the State, In all of the parishes where we have been able to effect Negro organizations ve have done well. In New Orleans we were able to sell in the Fourth War Loan Drive a total of $583,530.78. In the Fifth Drive we sold $858,022.00, and in the Sixth Drive ve have passed the million dollar mark. Total Bond sales for the year - $2,421,552.00. Regraded Unclassified JESSE O. THOMAS Consultant Washington, D. 0. Washington, D. C. - June 9, 1944 - Our Section is greatly benefited by the invaluable aid which it receives from its consultants, not only in their capacity as advisers but also as platform speakers and orators. Such is the case of Jesse O. Thomas, Consultant (and Assistant to the Adminis- trator of the American Red Cross.) One occasion on which he served us this year was his address to a gathering of 10,000 at Griffith Stadium urging support of the Treasury's 5th War Loan Campaign. He told the audience that the relationship of civilians at home to our sol- diers on the fighting fronts is comparable with that of two parties to a contract. "Our soldiers have agreed to fight for and preserve the institutions and the principles which we have learned to cherish," said Mr. Thomas. "It is now up to us to live up to our part of the agreement to provide them with the necessary sinews which will enable them to wage a successful var so we'll keep lending over here till it's over Over There." The address by Mr. Thomas served to keynote the pag- eant, "America Testerday and Today." which was staged at the stadium by the Order of the Eastern Star. (Treasury Release N-1013) Regraded Unclassified 60-G MAJOR C. UDELL TURPIN Deputy Manager, WFC Illinois In our Illinois organization, the work among colored citizens is directed from the office of the War Finance Chairman at Chicago, where I serve as Deputy Manager. The organization is integrated into all programs of the War Finance Committees which are located in all cities outside of Chicago. These cities are divided into several regions, in which we have a Negro representative. On our own Chicago staff, we have a Payroll Savings representative as well as two additional representatives who assist me during the Drive periods. In order to obtain the best possible results, we have an Executive Committee consisting of 30 prominent white and colored citizens, and 15 subcommittees with an active membership of from 20-300 citizens. These committees are: Churches, Corporations, Fraternal Organizations, Government Agencies, OCD, Payroll Savings, Publicity, Real Estate and Savings & Loan, Sales Outlets, Savings Clubs, Schools, Speakers Bureau, Social Agencies, Unions, and Women's Committee. Special stress should be placed upon the committee sponsored by the South Central Community of Chicago, whose continuous production in each Drive shows sales between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 alone. During the 6th War Loan Drive the amount raised here was $8,895,826.60. In all communities where Negroes reside in the city of Chicago and Cook County, the program is organized to fully integrate them into the over- all community plan as set up by the Community Chairman. This makes it practically impossible to give a definite figure showing the amount of War Bonds sold among Negro citizens of the State. In the Down State areas, the work is divided into seven regions consist- ing of 52 cities having Negro populations in excess of 300 people. In each we direct the activities of the Negro War Finance Committees, inte- grating such work directly into the affairs of the County War Finance Committee in which the particular city is located. In order to get the greatest result out of the Statewide promotion, this Division has secured a trained Negro regional chairman who assists in the direction of activities among the Negro citizens. In conclusion, we believe that in addition to selling War Bonds, the activities of this Division have been instrumental in making America a better place to live in, for through War Bond activities, white and colored people have learned to work together for the benefit of America, and as a result thereof have found in their association a mutual respect for each other. Regraded Unclassified JOSEPH B. WALKER Consulting Expert, MFC Tennessee Dr. Joseph B. Walker, National Chairman of the War Bond Saving Clubs Organising Committee, sends in the following report for the year. The report, however, is by no means complete: WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS as of December 1944 Total Total Total Amount of Bonds Number of Member- State of Clubs ship Bonds Deposited Bonds Recorded Louisdana 19 1362 $ 57,575.00 Maryland 1 34 1,925.00 Michigan 8 76 350.00 775.00 Mississippi 190 7153 1,657,200.00 Missouri 30 361,967.75 34,329.00 Pennsylvania 5 100 21,250.00 Tennessee 12 397 78,700.90 80,730.65 Totals 265 9021 $2,178,968.65 $115,834.65 Grand Total (Naturity value of Bonds) $2294,803.80 Tventy-nine State Representatives, who serve on a volunteer basis, vere appointed on the War Bond Saving Clubs Organising Committee during the year. See also pp.76-78 Regraded Unclassified 61. 100 WAR BOND SALES (and Payroll Savings) No attempt is made in this report to determine the exact amount of War Bonds sold through the efforts of this office. Treasury experts claim that 37,000,000 employees buy May Bonds regularly through the Payroll Savings Plan. Recent Census reports show that there are approximately 54,000,000 civiliams employed during this var emergency. including 5,500,000 Negroes - elightly more than one tenth - although leading Negro business experts claim that the number of Negroes nov employed is nearer 8,000,000. (While the Negro constitutes 10% of the total U. S. population, it is estimated that he is 14 2/7% of the total working force of the country.) To be conservative, we assume therefore that if at least one tenth of the total civilians employed are Negroes. then at least one teath of the total Payroll Savings participants are Negrees - or 3,700,000. On this basis 2,700,000 Negro purchasers of $25 Var Bonds (or the equivalent) would equal $67,500,000 per month, or $810,000,000 per year, to say nothing of the extra bonds purchased during drives. This does not take into account the other hundreds of millions invested in Var Bonds by those in our armed services and by non-financial business concerns and other individuals, which would undoubtedly raise Negro parti- cipation well above ONE BILLION DOLLARS per year. The above estimate is, even 80, an understatement of the contribution by Negro Americans: it is based solely on the payrell allotments, and on a minimised share at that. The Interracial Section is by no means the sole agency that has influenced this outcome. however, for all types of Negro organizations have ecoperated - religious, fraternal, business, etc., but this Section has been the central agency, which W stimulation and merale-building has influenced Negro activity in the entire country. A cross-section of sales to Negro Americans throughout the Nation is given in the pages which fellow. Regraded Unclassified 101 1944 THE FOLLOWING IS A CROSS-SECTION OF ITEMS ABSTRACTED FROM NEWSPAPER STORIES, PRESS RELEASES AND OTHER SOURCES Regraded Unclassified 102 I. ARMED FORCES Forward Area, South Pacific - The total monthly payroll for the 24th Infantry is approximately $13,800 of which, the last report shows, $1,139.50 goes for insurance, $4,208 in allotments, and $1,701.25 in War Bonds. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/11/44). "For two consecutive Christmases we've bought the most seals: for all the War Bond rallies we've been far ahead and some of the white boys haven't been able to close their mouths since they saw one of our men purchase $3,000 worth of Bonds at one time." (Excerpt of "letter from a soldier friend"- Pittsburgh Courier, 5/6/44). Camp Rucker, Ala.- Pay-day was War Bond day for Camp Rucker's colored troops, who invested more than $5,000 in War Bonds and Stamps. The mass purchase of Bonds and Stamps was made by the soldiers of Station Complement Supply Detachment No. 2 and men of four quartermaster ser- vice companies. The investments totaled $5,399.60. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/19/44). Washington, D. C.- Major George Spencer Roberts, commander of the famous 99th Pursuit Squadron, visited the Momument Grounds to take in the Army Air Forces War Bond Show, "Shot from the Sky."....The 99th Pursuit Squadron celebrated the downing of 12 Fockewulfs over the Ansic-Nettunc beachhead in Italy by buying $12,000 worth of War Bonds during the 4th War Loan. "Everybody kicked in," said Major Roberts, "even those who were already making heavy allot- ments from their salaries for War Bonds." (Treas. Release). Lonnie Simmons' orchestra entertained the Negro regiments at the U.S. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Ill. For a year prior to his induction, Simmons' quartet played from the stage of the Garrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part in numerous bond rallies and was cited by the Treasury Department for the part it played in a program which netted $100,000 in War Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom. (OWI N-895). Washington, D.C.- Sergt. Herschel Ward, of Bolling Field, speak- ing over Radio Station WWDC last night in behalf of the drive by the Honorettes, Negro Government-girl organization, to finance the purchase of bomb lifts and bomb service trucks, was credited by officials of the drive with inspiring more than $2,500 worth of bond sales. (Times-Hereld, 10/4/44). MolloTlen Field. Calif.- War Bond Champ of the provisional train- ing group of the Sacramento Air Service Command is s/Sgt. Ernest Lankford of Dallas, Texas, who purchased 10 Mar Bonds during the month of August. After the var he plans to return to his old position as & refrigeration engineer with the General Motors or go into business for himself after his Bonds nature. (Informer, Houston, Tex., 9/30/44) Regraded Unclassified 64. 103 Regraded Unclassifie 11. ACTORS, ARTISTS, ENTERTAINERS Lonnie Simmons' orchestra entertained the Negro regiments at the U. S. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Ill. For a year prior to his induction, Simmons' quartet played from the stage of the Carrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part in numerous bond rellies and was cited by the Treasury Department for the part it played in a program which netted $100,000 in War Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom. (OWI N-895) New York, E. Y.- Muriel John, star of "Carmen Jones" purchases $1,000 Bond "$o help put over Harlem's quota" in the Fourth War Loan Drive. (Chicage Defender, 2/26/44) At the special request of Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Gab Calloway has composed the first war bond song in jive, titled "Mackin' 'm Back." Combining jive-talk lyrics with a contagious melody, "Eackin' 'em Back" urges bondholders to "stache your bonds away" which means "hide your bonds for safekeeping." (Wash. Tribune 5/13/44) New York City - "This is the week when we all should take a deep bow to a couple of Negro kids named Jack and Montgomery. They are the two who drew better than $35,000,000 in War Bonds at the Madison Square Garden gate and drew nothing but blood from each other. They didn't get a dime for their services.... "If the Treasury is smart it will try to duplicate last week's show a thousandfold. Somehow, the Stars and Stripes and what we're fighting for runs in a solid pattern right through the whole thing. The Jew (Mike Jacobs) will put it on. The Irish (the managers) will say "Yes." The fighters (mostly Negro) will wait for the bell. And all of them will come out swinging. And to- gether. Isn't that the whole idea?" -Joe Curniskey. (Washington Post, 8/5/44). Duke Ellington, during his stay in Chicago, played several War Bond shows for the Treasury Department. (Washington Tribune). Pittsburgh, Pa.- Todd Dunean, Washington baritone, thrilled 12,000 persons as guest artist with the Philadelphia Orchestra, Convention Hall, on a program to aid the 6th War Loan Drive, which netted more than $1,500,000. Dumcan vas called upon to substitute for Derothy Mayner, who was unable to appear because of illness. (Afre-American, 12/28/44) Los Angeles, Calif.- "The Festive Overture," a nov work by William Grant Still, won for him a $1000 War Bond in nationwide competition. (Afro, 12/30/44). 65. 104 III. BUSINESS n. Jackson, 8. c. - In launching the 5th War Loan Drive within the Post Laundries at Fort Jackson recently, the Post Laundry Officer called together the 780 employees of the two laundries, the bulk of whom are Negro unclassified workers, and asked their coopera- tion in backing the invasion, setting forth many good reasons for buying bonds. Total subscription ran to $10,600. (Palmetto Leader, 6/24/44). Philadelphia, Pa.- Major R. R. Wright, Sr., President of the Citi- sens and Southern Bank & Trust Company, announced last week that since the Japanese "sneak" attack on Pearl Harbor, the bank has purchased a total of $1,500,000 worth of War Bonds and has sold through its private channels more than $100,000 worth of Bonds to depositors and Negro and white citizens throughout the city. (Norfolk Jnl. & Guide, 3/11/44). Washington, D. c. - The Industrial Savings Bank of Washington has sold more than $2,000,000 in War Bonds prior to the 6th War Loan Drive. (Treasury Release, 11/28/44). Regraded Unclassified 66. 105 IV. CHILDREN Washington, D. C. - A total of $2,059.90 was raised in the Bond Sale effort of the pupils Visiting Teacher Corps when they dedicated an Army Ambulance in the Freedmen's Hospital Annex Auditorium June 21. (Washington Tribune 7/1/44). Washington, D.C. - Gloria Brown, 15. a messenger in the Mideity Area, Air Raid Warden Service, sold $106,250 in War Bonds to lead the mess- engers all over the city during the 4th War Loan. (Washington Tribune, 7/8/44). Juanita N: Waddell, Pittsburgh, Pa., 17 months old, bought two of the first bonds sold in the 5th War Loan Drive. The purchased them in honor of her father, 3gt. W. E. Waddell, who is stationed in Hawaii. (Pittsburgh Courier, 6/24/44). Washington, D. c. - Newspaper boys of the Afre-American papers have sold 6,708,221 War Stamps of the ten cent denomination, totaling $670,822.10, in the 140 weeks which they have devoted to this task, is Regraded Unclassified 67. V. COMMUNITY Norfolk, Va.- Leaders of the colored War Bond Committee highly commended the cooperative efforts on behalf of workers and purchasers. More than $120,000 in War Bonds were sold, $20,000 above the goal. (Jal. & Guide, 3/26/44). Marshall, Texas.- The Negro division of the Harrison County War Finance Com- mittee recently exceeded its goal of $125,000 by $25,000. with reports in- complete. (Chicago Defender, 2/36/44). New Orleans, La.- Bonds and Stamps amounting to $558,530.78 were purchased through the Negro division, 4th War Loan Drive. (Chicago Defender, 3/11/44). Columbia, S. C. - Richmond County in a last ditch went over the top before the deadline was reached. Total sales of War Bonds amounted to $6,850,000, with the quota set at $6,703,800. Reports still coming in. (Palmetto Leader, 3/19/44). Baltimore, Md.- The final tabulation of the War Bond Drive for the Negro Participation Division yielded $102,075 in Bonds, while the Women's Division sold $13,384 in Bonds and $1,352.10 in Stamps. (7/14/44). Chicago, Ill.- More than a million dollars in War Bonds were sold at & dinner sponsored by the South Central Assn. of Chicago, at the LaSalle Hotel, accord- ing to a report from the Illinois WFC to the Treasury Department. Admission to the dinner vas a bond of $1,000 denomination or more, Bond sales at the dinner totaled $1,046,037.50, with E Bonds accounting for 60% of the total. (OWI N-1034). Marion County, Indiana.- Inasmuch as our drive in Marion County was made at the place of employment, it is impossible to know the exact amount of bonds that were bought by the colored people. At the conclusion of the drive the colored committee reported a total of $49,192. (4/11/44). Buffalo, N.Y.- "American Negro Day" goos over in big way. Parade and rally terminate successful drive among Nego citizens of Buffalo. Total War Bond sales $809,480.25. (Buffalo Star 6/23/44). Birmingham, Ala.- Negro citisens here gave a turkey dinner which netted War Bond sales in the amount of $112,250. (Chicago Bee, 12/17/44). Chicago, Illinois - At a dinner given in the Morrison Hotel 375 guests vied with each other in bidding for precious cigarets and equally precious Scotch whiskey. The surprise of the evening came when pre-war golf shoes took pre- cedence over popular brands of the almost non-existent cigarets. A pair vas auctioned off to an eager bidder for $25,000 worth of Bonds. Regraded Unclassified 107 VI. FRATERNAL Washington, D.C.- A total of War Bonds were sold during a Bond Sales Rally on Washington's birthday by the Independ- ent Order of St. Lukes. - Washington Tribune, 3/4/44). Total pur- chases to date $85,000. Chicago, Ill.- War Bonds sold at Elks' Convention, August 19-21,1944, $52,975. (8/30/44). Selma, Ala.- "The National Baptist Convention as an organization holds in separate units more than $10,000,000 worth of War Bonds and Stamps." (Section files 8/29/44 - DVJemison) Regraded Unclassified VII. INDIVIDUALS Louisiana- A 7-year-old colored boy, Charles Rdvard Brown, lugged & melasses bucket literally filled with money to the County Chair- nan and asked to buy a $25 Mar Bond. After laboriously counting the money, the chairman, Wirt Carpenter, found that Brown, a farm boy, had saved 665 pennies and $12.10 in nickels and dines. He got the bond. (N.O. Informer 3/4/44) Denver, Cole.- In an all-out effort for the War Bond drive, Pvt. Cleveland Green, a patient in the Fitzaimmons General Hospital, re- cently purchased $5000 worth of War Bonds. (Chicago Defender 3/11/44) San Bernardino, Calif.- Menry Taylor, 70-year-old civilian worker at the Army Air Field, walked into the office of Maj. Herman Wieland and purchased a $1000 War Bond. Asked why he bought a $1000 Bond, he replied: *Well, sir, I love By country. I can't go out and fight for it, but if money will help to keep it free, that's where it will 50." (Journal & Guide, 5/13/44) I ert Dix, N.J.- Pvt. Mary E. Mason, Chicago, thought she wasn't doing enough for her country, so when the 5th War Loan Drive opened at Fort Dir, she went into Wrightstown, 1. J. and received pledges for $3,400 in War Bonds. Pvt. Mason, who says she has no special technique for selling bonds, has purchased over $16,000 worth of bonds and has an Army Class B allotment for a $25 War Bond each month. (Pittsburgh Courier 6/24/14) Atlanta, Ga.- Mrs. Minnie Lee King purchased a $1000 Bond to help her son, a sailer, at San Francisco and all others that are in the service "on to victory." (Atlanta Daily World 4/7/44) Milwaukee, Wise.- Price Collins, well-known citisen and veteran rail- read man, has earned the distinction of being the first purchaser of a War Bond here. Following the opening of the 4th War Lean Drive he bought a $1000 bond, thus duplicating his performance when the third drive started last fall. Says Collins: "May we all back the attack with all our strength, might and power, may the United Nations win the var this year, and may Almighty God who holds the destiny of man, direct and guide the minds of those who shall sit in the valley of de- cision around the peace table." New York, N.Y.- Mrs. Mattie W. Stevart, a waitress in the officers' dining room of the Bowery Savings Bank, opened the 4th Var Lean bond sales to banks with a sale of a quarter million dollars worth of bonds. Mrs. Stewart said to the officers of the bank that her son, Richard, visa as aray sergeant and for his sake she was working hard to promote bond sales. Regraded Unclassified 2. 70. 100 VII. INDIVIDUALS Regraded Unclassified Carp Brift, Texas - Sterling Williams of Smithville, Texas, has purchased over $1,900 worth of War Bonds since the beginning of this employment period at the camp. A civilian worker in one of the ware- houses, he also helped to build the camp, and now helps to maintain it as well as the war effort with his bond buying, averaging a bond a month. (Journal & Guide 4/15/44) Mary Williams, a Negro var worker in Chicago, planked down $2,000 at a War Bond sales window the other day and told the salesmant "Don't bother about the change. Just give me bonds." Miss Williams was awarded $3,201 by the Illinois Industrial Commission for the loss of a hand while saving the life of another woman worker.in a var plant accident. She deposited $1,100 toward the purchase of a house and then went to get her bonds. (ONI N-1022) Los Angeles, Calif.- An elderly colored widow bought over $15,000 in War Bonds. She has no sons and daughters to fight or to join the armed services, but she sold her home and used the entire proceeds in purchasing War Bonds. ("She is a great American and leves her country. She has been all over the world three times; in her declining days spent here she site and tells of her travels.") Washington, D.C.- "Victory Bowls" have been placed in the lobbies of the Lincoln, Howard and Republic Theatres. Patrons in any of these theatres purchasing bonds will be allowed chances to go into the victory bowl equal to the units of $25 in Bonds they buy. $100 prise Bonds were donated by local business concerns. Milwaukee, Wis.- Price Collins, 55, Negro janitor. officially opened the 6th War Loan in Milwaukee by purchasing the first Bond sold at campaign headquarters - a $1000 Bend. Collins is proud of his record of having bought the first bond in the last four campaigns. He bought his first bond soon after Pearl Harbor. When he arrived at headquarters, Collins brought along a sheef of bonds - 63 of them aggregating $13,000 - just to prove to Var Bond officials that "I'm not only buying 'em, but I'm hanging onto them." Rock Island, Ill.- A veteran of World War I, Florida Anderson, is putting 80 percent of his income into War Bonds. When the 6th Var Loan campaign opened on November 20, Anderson went to his bank and planked down his money for the purchase of three $1,000 Bonds. "It takes money to run a var," Anderson said. "The way we're doing things today convinces me that it is requiring more amount- tion and supplies than ever before. I want to do My bit." (Treasury Release 00) 71. 3 INDIVIDUALS VII. Washington, D.C., Dec. 12, 1944 - During the 6th War Loan Drive J. Finley Wilson, Grand Exalted Ruler of the Elks, bought $10,000 worth of War Bonds and says "I will probably buy more before the drive is over." Baton Rouge, La. Though confined to bed for more than a year, Pompey Squires, 80, retired farmer and grocer. signed on the dotted line twice at $10,000 each time in War Bonds. "I am merely sick in bed," he said, "but our fighting men are worse off than I and cer- tainly not as safe." Squires sold his farm to Standard 011 of Louisiana to erect upon it the largest oil refinery in the world. (Section files, 8/9/44 - OCWTaylor). Regraded Unclassified 73. VIII. INSURANCE Representatives of the Treasury's War Finance Division were ten- dered two checks for $200,000 each, covering purchases of War Bonds by the Atlanta Life Insurance Company of Atlanta, Ga., and the Universal Life Insurance Company, of Nashville, Tenn. (Pittsburgh Courier, 2/12/44) North Carolina Mutual has been a heavy purchaser of War Bonds in every campaign staged by the Treasury Department. In the first campaign the company purchased $100,000; second, $235,000; third, $300,000; fourth, $500,000; fifth $500,000 Amount of Bonds purchased during 1944 - $1,134,100, with total holdings in Govern- ment Bonds to date of $2,920,400 (par value). (Palmetto Leader, 7/1/44). The following insurance companies have invested a minimum of one million dollars in War Bonds: Supreme Camp. American Woodmen, $1,200,172.51; North Carolina Mutual $2,575,400; Atlanta Life $2,862,500. Insurance companies holding a minimum of $500,000: Universal Life $700,000; Supreme Liberty Life $605,000; Metropolitan Funeral Asso- ciation $541,729; Domestic Life and Accident $517,600. Washington, D.C. (July 1944.) Negro banks and insurance companies have invested upwards of $20,000,000 in War Bonds since the fall of 1941. (OWI N-1053) Regraded Unclassified 75. 112 IX, PROJECTS Washington, D.C.-Students at Randall Junior High School, have subscribed $2,000 of a self-made quota of $4,000 which they hope will be their contribution to the $2,000,000 bond drive being staged by the National Council of Negro Women to defray the cost of the SS Harriet Tubean, the first Liberty Ship to be named after a dis- tinguished Negro woman. The SS Harriet Tubman was launched in South Portland, Maine, on June 3. (Wash. Tribune, 7/1/44). Washington, D.C.- Surpassing their $2,000,000 goal by $1,452,000 the National Council of Negro Women announced last week that the SS Harriet Tubman has been liberated. ...A total of $3,452,361.75 Bond purchases were credited to the drive. The National Negro Insurance Association subscribed to $1,000,000 of this amount; North Carolina Mutual Insurance Co. purchased $500,000, etc. (Afro 9/9/44). Chicago, Ill.- Victory Tea and War Bond party presented by the Women's Army for National Defense assisted in financing the building of a $2,000,000 Liberty Ship in honor of the late Robert S. Abbot, editor and founder of the Chicago Defender. Washington, D.C.- The Treasury Department sent a letter of Thanks to Bishop R. P. Wright, Jr., of the African Methodist Voiscopal Thurch, on the outstanding success of a patriotic mass meeting and bond rally in Memphis, Tenn., under the suspices of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches of America. (Pittsburgh Courier, 2/12/44) Prince Anne, Md.- The Princess Anne Training School, with 63 students in the armed services, out their War Bond and Stamp Drive over the top in their effort to raise $1,200 for the purchase of an Army jeep. (Jnl. & Guide, 3,11,44) Philadelphia, Pa.- Several Negro groups in Philadelphia worked in cooperation with the Philadelphia War Finance Committee in selling $275,000 in War Bonds to finance the cost of a $125,000 ambulance plane, and two $75,000 Thunderbolt fighter-bombers, according to a report to the Treasury Department. (Palmetto Leader, 7/15/44). New York, N.Y.- An outdoor War Bond show was held at Lewisholm Stadium July 4, It was sponsored by the Harlem-Riverside War Finance Committee, with a goal of $2,000,000 in War Bond sales to defray the cost of the fourteenth Liberty Ship to be named in honor of a Negro (Bert Williams). (Afro, 7/8/44) Washington, D.C.- The Army was presented with a brand new field ambulance, the gift of 76 Negro children who had to receive their school instruction at home or in district hospitals because of physical handicaps. They saved $2,022 in War Bonds and Stamps, and earmarked this total for the purchase of the Ambulance. (OWI N-1018) Washington D.C. - Cardoso High School pays homage to one of its graduates, a war hero. A jeep purchased by students with War Bonds and Stamps was christened by one of the school's prize Bond salesgirls, Jacqueline Jackson, in honor of Lt. Paul Graham Mitchell, who was graduated from Cardoso in 1937. (Treas. Release) Regraded Unclassified 74. X. SCHOOLS Washington, D.C.- Mary Lewis, a 15-year-old junior high school student, has put aside $2,086 in War Bonds toward her twin objectives of becoming a school teacher and paying her way through college. Mary is a 7A grade student of Shaw Junior High School. Students, 1400 of them, marked Pearl Harbor Day with purchase of $6,000 in Stamps. Another purchase of $5,000 reported on June 5. (Pittsburgh Courier, 6/24/44) Washington, D.C.- Gloria Brown, 15-year-old student at Garnett Patterson Junior High School, sold $106,250 worth of War Bonds and Stemps during the 4th Drive. Gloria received & letter of commendation from the Treasury...A radio announcer gave her mention in one of his broadcasts, and the same was true of the capital's leading newspapers. Monroe, N.C.- "Monroe Bond Day" was observed on February 8 at Winchester Avenue High School with 8 report of $4,638.05 in War Savings Bonds and Stamps. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/19/44) Washington, D.C.- Section 7A of Francis Junior High School won the Minute Men Flag for 90% participation in the War Savings Program. Also prepared an ex- cellent scrapbook showing their activities in the Bond program. Washington, D.C.- A total of $2,059.90 was raised in the Bond Sale effort of the pupils Visiting Teacher Corps when they dedicated an Army Ambulance in the Freedmen's Hospital Annex Auditorium June 21. (Washington Tribune 7/1/44) New Orleans, La.- Schools of New Orleans submitting their final report on the sale of bonds and stamps for the recent 4th War Loan, show that they have increased their sales by nearly 50%. Total sales reported $64,560.70. (New Orleans Informer, 3/4/44) Jacksonville, Fla.- A purchase of $10,000 worth of War Bonds has been made for the Edward Waters College. The $10,000 War Bond purchase represents a part of the accumulated surplus educational funds. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/19/44) Baltimore, Md.-The 5B class of Elliott School, No. 104 initiated its 4th W.L.Drive with the sale of $1,367 worth of Bonds and Stamps. (Balto. Afro, 2/5/44) Washington, D.C. - Colored school children have invested close to a quarter million dollars in War Bonds and Stamps, according to a report from the office of A. Kiger Savey. asst. supt., to the Treasury Department this week. Elementary schools $164,268.40; Junior and Senior Highs and Vosational $49,665.95 as of June 30, 1944. Combined total of $213,934.35 is enough money to pay the cost of a medium bomber, a light tank, forty jeeps, and about a dosen "blockbuster" bombs. (Wash. Afro 7/15/44, D-Lay reaction at Shaw Junior High School in Washington, D.C. - Students purchased extra war saving stamps as a tribute to the Allied Forces. The students purchased $11,000 worth of stamps since the start of the school year. (Treasury Release) Knoxville, Tenn.- To date we (Knoxville College) have purchased $2,000 in War Bonds and Stamps. (3/2/44) Regraded Unclassified 2. 114 75. X. SCHOOLS Rock Castle, Va.- The Cadet Corps of the St. Ilema Military Academy has just presentedithe Government with 11 jeeps in the Schools-at-War Program. The students at this boarding high school, representing 28 States of the Union, purchased Bonds and War Stamps regularly - to win the award of the "Minute Man" Flag. (Palmetto Leader, 2/26/44) Monroe, N. C. - Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two citations certificates by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered in the "Schools at War" program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. Sales enabled the purchase of one motorcycle and one triple threat. (Jnl. & Guide 1/29/44) Washington, D.C.- Thrift clubs are being organized in the elementary schools of the city to encourage thrift among the children. The purpose of the clubs is to have the children buy War Stamps and Bonds to aid in the early victory of the war. Each member of the clubs pledge to buy a certain number of Stamps each week. To the club that buys the largest number of Stamps each week will B the "Tribune Award." Clubs have been organized in the following schools: Burrville, Smothers, Lovejoy, Logan, Carfield, Van Ness, Giddings, Anthony Bowen, George Bell, Twining, Cook, Morse, Crumsell, Garfield, and Stevens. Phillips-Normley, Briggs-Montgomery, Sumner-McGruder, Morgan-Wilson, Mott, Bruce, and Monroe are to get started this week.. This project has been hailed as one of the most worthy that have been put forth to encourage thrift among children of the city. (Wash.Trib., 10/28/44) Chicage, Illinois - Single-handed, Darniece Anthony, student at the Oakland High School, sold $24,925 worth of War Bonds during the 6th War Loan Campaign. (Treasury Release, 12/5/44) New Orleans, La. - St. Mark rural school, East Baton Bouge parish, with an enrollment of 51 Negro children, sold $18,350 in War Bonds during the Sixth War Loan Drive. (Times-Picayune, 12/19/44). Concord, N.C.- "The Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools for Negroes has purchased to date $9,000 worth of War Bonds." (Section files, 8/29/44 - LSCezart). New Orleans, Le.- During the 6th War Loan Drive the Negro public, private and parochial schools purchased War Bonds and Stamps in the amount of $101,541.20. (OCWTayler) 12/22/44 Regraded Unclassified 76. 115 XI. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS Regraded Unclassifie Chicago, Ill.- Officials of the Chicago Negro Chamber of Commerce and State Treasury officials have set in motion plans to establish War Bond Saving Clubs in a gigantic citywide effort to stimulate War Bond sales. The immediate objective of the club is the promotion of the purchase and holding of War Bonds by as many persons as possible. (Chicage Bee, 12/17/44). Washington, D.C.- Thrift clubs are being organized in the elementary schools of the city to encourage thrift among the children. The pur- pose of the clubs is to have the children buy War Stamps and Bonds to aid in the early victory of the var. Each member of the clubs pledge to buy a certain number of Stamps each week. To the club that buys the largest number of Stamps each week will go the "Tribune Award." Clubs have been organized in the following schools: Burrville, Smothers, Lovejoy, Logan, Garfield, Van Ness. Giddings, Anthony Bowen, George Bell, Twining, Cook, Morse, Crummell, Carfield, and Stevens. Phillips-Vormley, Briggs-Montgomery, Sunner-McGruder, Morgan-Wilson, Nott, Bruce, and Monroe are to get started this week. This project has been hailed as one of the most worthy that have been put forth to encourage thrift among children of the city. (Washington Tribune, 10/28/44.) Memphis, Tenn.- An incomplete report from the National Chairman of the War Bond Saving Clubs Organizing Committee shows that during the year 265 Clubs have been organised, with a total membership of 9,021. and a total of $2,294,808.50 in War Bonds deposited and recorded. Representatives have been appointed in 25 States to aid in this program. The most outstanding job was done in Mississippi, where 190 WBSCs were organized, with a total of 7,152 members and War Bond deposits totaling $1,657,200. (p.60-H) 77. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS PLAN Of Organization ADVISORY COUNCIL NATIONAL nesso TREASURY Meads of NUSINESS LEASUE DEPARTMENT Nat. Organs. STATE STATE REPRESENTATIVE WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE (wese) LOCAL LOGAL LOCAL NEEL NEED m Regraded Unclassified 78. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS 117 REPORT ROUTING OFFICE FUNCTIONS Club Club Club Club Secretary Secretary Secretary Secretary Club secretaries keep details confidential. Report "Totals" monthly to: (1) Assoc. or Dep. Adm. (Negro-WFC). (2) WBSC State Representative. ASSOCIATE OR DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR (WBSC) STATE REPRESENTATIVE (Negro - WFC) (Negro - NNBL) Receives "Total" monthly reports Must be acceptable to Assoc. or Dep. from Club Secretaries. Rec. "Total" mon. Reports from Sec. Sends "State Total" to Nat. Chr. (WBSC NATIONAL CHAIRMAN-Dr. Walker Receives mon. "State totals" from STATE CHAIRMAN (White-WFC) each State Representative. Prepares monthly "Orand Total". Sends copy of each to Interr. Section INTERRACIAL SECTION-Wash,DC Rec.above-mentioned reports from Nat. Chr WAR FINANCE DIVISION Gets approval of Assoc. or Dep.Adm. on NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS behalf of NNBL. WASHINGTON D.C. Estab. good working relations between State Repr. & WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE 0 Members of the Interracial Section should not attend or address meetings on any War Bond activities without the prior consent of the State Chairman or Executive Manager. Regraded Unclassified 79. 118 XII. WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS The Florida State Federation of Negro Women took an active part in the 4th War Loan Drive...The Federation itself made an investment of $1,000; total sales traceable to the activities of these women amounted to $385,000. The Colored Women's Division of the 4th W.L.D. in Memphis, Tenn., sold over $52,000 worth of Bonds. Mrs. Julia C. Calloway, representing the Grand United Order of Tents of the Southern District, purchases a $10,000 War Bond to help boost the 5th W.L.D. (Wash. Afro 7/15/44) Chicago, Ill.- Victory Tea and War Bond party presented by the Women's Army for National Defense assisted in financing the building of a $2,000,000 Liberty ship in honor of the late Robert S. Abbot, editor and founder of the Chicago Defender. Washington, D. C. - Surpassing their $2,000,000 goal by $1,452,000 the National Council of Negro Women announced the liberation of the SS Harriet Tubman. A total of $3,452,361.75 Bond purchases were credited to the drive. The National Negro Insurance Assn. subscribed to $1,000,000 of this amount; North Carolina Mutual Insurance Co. purchases $500,000, etc. (Afro 9/9/44) Chicago, Ill.- Plans for a Christmas War Bond Party by the Chicago Beauticians will include a beautiful hair style show with stars of stage, screen and radio participating in the program. Volunteer workers of the Service Men's Center No. 3 will act as hostesses on this occasion and beauticians will exchange Christmas gifts of War Bonds and stamps from a beautiful Christmas tree erected especially for this purpose. (Treasury Release 12/11/44). Berkeley, Calif.- Batween the months of January and October, 1944, the Women's Ambulance and Defense Corps of Berkeley sold War Bonds in the amount of $56,899.25. (Report Nov. 27, 1944). Birningham, Ala.- The Beautician's Volunteer Corps of Birmingham are buying and selling War Bonds in order to pay tribute to the memory of the late Madame 0. J. Walker. The unit raised $48,350 in a special drive that ended November 15 and plans to intensify its efforts during the Sixth Mar Lean Drive. Among the sales made vas one of $10,000, one of $5,000, and 27 of $1,000 denomination. (OWI Release N-1247). Mar Finance Committee Organizational Structure and 40-41. Regraded Unclassified 80. 110 XIII. MISCELLANEOUS The Washington branch of the National Alliance of Postal Employees sold over $10,000 worth of War Bonds at a "free" War Bond dance held at Turner's Arena. Quests were not required to buy either bonds or stamps for admission but rather they were put on the honor system to purchase them. (Washington Post, 4/8/44) NFA (New Farmers of America) chapters and individuals bought $279,545 in War Bonds and Stamps. The organization has 26,200 members and 840 chapters. Baltimore, Md.- Immanuel Christian Church purchased $15,000 in Bonds during the 5th W. L. Drive. Baltimore, Md.- The Afro-American has sold $29,915 in Bonds and Stamps, accord- ing to a statement from George B. Murphy, editor of that journal. Washington, D. c. - Primes Prude of Everson, W. Va., has been named the country's champion coal miner, having just rounded out 60 years in the mines. He plans to retire with his War Bonds when the Third American war is over. He possesses more that $2,000 in War Bonds. "While the war lasts I work to buy bonds; today I loaded 13 tons of coal. When the war is over I sets me down an rests", he told his - ployers. (Palmetto Leader, 7/15/44) The Nehi corporation of Columbus, Ga., and the Royal Crown Cola bottlers are mak- ing available to the United States Treasury the full-time services of S.J.Phillips. Mr. Phillips has made a study of facts on Negro patriotism, pictures of Negroes in the war and war activities. He will help local war loan committees secure more Negro purchasers of the 5th W. L. bonds. During the 4th W. L. drive, Mr. Phillips organized Negro newspapers and business organizations to sell more bonds. (Ohio State News, 7/8/44) Patriotic Baltimoreans turned out en masse for the War Bond Rally at the Royal Theatre, contributing $25,000 to the 5th W.L.Drive. The war bond rally manage- ment showed good sense in selecting "There's something about a soldier" as the picture to be shown. Just the glimpse of the colored officer candidate made the bond buyers feel justified in the bond purchases and inspired them to buy more. (Balto. Afro 7/15/44) Columbia, S.C.- Jim Kearse, Negro convict, a life-termer for wurder, was pre- sented with nine war bonds bought by him during the various War Bond campaigns. (Palmetto Leader, 2/19/44) ...The Board of Directors of the NAA CP on June 12 invested $40,000 additional of trust funds in War Bonds. "We urge all Negro organisations and individuals to invest to the limit in democracy while they work to malts that democracy real for all, irrespective of race, creed, color or national origin." (OWI - If 1028) Chicago, Ill.- Dining car employees purchased out of their back pay. The Women's Committee called at the homes of each waiter who received back pay and sold $525 worth of Bonds. The union is making an all-out effort. Total sales by union $24,000. (4/24/44) Regraded Unclassified 2 81. XIII. MISCELLAMEOUS Personal endorsements of the Fifth War Loan Drive were received by the Treasury Department from distinguished Negro leaders - Walter White, NAACP: Justice Francis B. Rivers of the New York City Court: Bishop James A. Bray of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches in America; Dr. Channing H. Tobias, Senior Secretary for Colored Work for the National TMCA Council: Sherman D. Scruggs, president of Lineoln University; C.C. Spaulding, chairman of the North Carolina Mutual Insurance Co., and Robert R. Taylor, member of the Chicago Housing Authority. (Treasury Release N-1028) The following ad appeared in a New York newspaper: "Colored girl, war bond worker, will cook and serve dinner any Sunday for anyone who will buy or pledge $1,000 up in War Bonds, Box 2424, Times-Union." Washington, D.C.- "Victory Bowls" have been placed in the lobbies of the Lincoln, Howard and Republic Theatres. Patrons in any of these theatres purchasing Bonds will be allowed chances to go into the Victory Bowl equal to the units of $25 Bonds they buy. $100 prise Bonds were donated by local business concerns. Drawing to take place at the close of the drive. (Treasury Release "G". 11/29/44) Washington, D.O.- The New Farmers of America, with a membership of 26,200 Negro boys, sold during the year $279,545 in War Bonds and Stamps. (FSA Report). Regraded Unclassified 1 8a. IIV. AWARDS AND PRIZES Section 7A of Francis Junior High School, Washington, D.C., won the Minute Man Schools-at-Nar Flag for 90% participation in the War Savings program. A Doll Show was featured at School No. 136 (Baltimore) in which War Stamps served as prises. (Balto Afro 2/5/44) Washington, D.C.- Seven of the mothers who gave birth to 1,975 babies, one set of triplets, during 1943 in Freedmen's Hospital, drew lucky numbers on National Hospital Day and won War Bonds and Stamps totaling $75, as well as made plans for a second "Annual Alumni Reunion" on Hospital Day in 1945. Birmingham, Ala.- A $25 War Bond was given as first prize in the typewriting contest; War Stamps were given for the second prize. (News-Age Herald, 4/16/44) Washington, D.C.- Leo Marshall Bryant, Jr., 6-month-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Leo Bryant, proved to be the most popular baby in a recent baby contest sponsored by the Washington Business & Professional Women's League. The infant received a $25 War Bond as first prize winner. Washington, D.C.- Little Miss Vernette O. Williams, 5, won the $25 War Bond raffled off by Club Thirty. (Wash. Tribune, 2/23/44) Newport News, Va.- A local laundry owner and operator, Charles F. Garner, revealed a unique plan whereby absenteeism is being kept at a minimum by weekly awards of War Bonds to employees for reporting to work on time. Each week the names of every employee who has worked the full week previously and who has signed in on time for all six days. are placed in capsules and a drawing is hold. The winning name receives a $25 War Bond. So far some $675 in War Bonds has been distributed among the employees. Pittsburgh, Pa.- As part of its campaign to raise funds for the work of the Citisens' Coordinating Committee, the finance committee of that group held a drawing for three War Bonds. (Pittsburgh Courier 6/24/44) Washington, D.C.- Mrs. Anna Lamont presented her deughter, Florence, a recent graduate of Brown Junior High School, $1,000 in War Bonds. (Wash. Afro 7/15/44) The Race Relations Department of the Federal Council of Churches will present the Edward L. Bernay's award (in 1945) to the person whose work toward the removal of racial tansions and conflicts has been most outstanding. The achievement must be of national significance and a distinct contribution to better race relations. $1,000 War Bond is the award. (Ohio State News 7/15/44) Washington, D.C.- A $50 War Bond was given to the person holding the lacky number at a dance given at the Lincoln Colonnade by the Willing Workers of the Sympathetic Union. (Wash. Tribune 6/24/44) Washington, D.C.- Silas Goodall, who works in the reproduction branch of the AGO, came in for a cash award of $100. He showed AGO how to save $5000 worth of their workers away from their tasks. (Wash. Tribune 7/1/44) employees' time by simply having War Bonds delivered to their desks without taking Regraded Unclassified 2. #8. IIV. AWARDS AND PRIZES Capt. James T. Wiley of the 99th Pursuit Squadron was welcomed home by residents of Pittsburgh. The celebration was a feature of the 5th W.L. Drive in the Smoky City. and was sponsored jointly by the Pittsburgh Courier and the Citizens War Bond Committee. Many bonds were sold. Capt. Wiley received from Mrs. Jessie Vann, treasurer of the Pittsburgh Courier, a $500 Bond as a gift of the Citizens Committee. (owi - N-1033) For a year prior to his induction. Lonnie Simmohs' orchestra played from the stage of the Garrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part in numerous bond rallies and was cited by the Treasury Department for the part it played in a program which netted $100,000 in War Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom. (OWI N-895) Rook Castle, Va.- The Cadet Corps of the St. Erma Military Academy has just presented the Government with 11 jeeps in the Schools-at-War Program. The students at this boarding high school, representing 28 States of the Union, purchased Bonds and War Stamps regularly - to win the award of the "Minute Man" Flag. (Palmetto Leader, 2/26/44) Monroe, N.C.- Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two citations certificates by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered in the "Schools-at-War" program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. Sales enabled the purchase of one motorcycle and one triple threat. (Jnl & Guide 1/29/44) Washington, D.C.- The Treasury Department sent a letter of thanks to Bishop R, R. Wright, Jr., of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, on the outstanding success of a patriotic mass meeting and bond rally in Memphis, Tenn., under the auspices of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches of America. (Pittsburgh Courier, 2/12/44) "For patriotic cooperation - citations have also been awarded to the following: A. Improved Order of Samaritans, Athens, Ga. B. Henry Allen Boyd, Secretary, National Baptist Publishing Board, Nashville, Tenn. C. Bishop James A. Bray (posthumous), Chicago, Ill. D. Father Divine, New York City 1. Dr. Joseph E. Walker, National Chairman, War Bond Saving Clubs Organizing Committee, Memphis, Tenn. F. Harlan 1. Carter, Bureau of Engraving, Washington, D. C. Los Angeles, Calif.- "The Festive Overture," a new work by William Grant Still, won for him & $1000 War Bond in nationwide competition, for writing a jubilee overture celebrating the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestre's 50th anniversary. The three judges voted unanimously for his composition which was among the 38 entered. (Afro, 12/30/44), Washington, D. c.- A erochet bag was won by Niss Beatrice Bady as a prise for the largest purchase of War Bonds ($3400) at & December rally among the employees of the Census Department. (Afro 1/6/45) Bristol, Ta.- Six young people (two colored) won top prises in & contest on the subject of "Why I Buy Bonds." Their prises included a trip to Washington, D.C. to attend the inauguration. Regraded Unclassified 84 RECAPITULATION - Interracial Section Page Addresses made - 174 2 Circular letters prepared - (15) 2 Citations - (6) 5 Distributions 3 Aviator poster - (200,000) Baby poster - (170,000) War Bond Saving Pamphlete - (120,000) Magazine articles prepared - (6) 1 Mailing lists - (26) - 4,587 names, including national 3 organizations Miscellaneous documents - (3) 2 Personnel - (38) 6 Press releases - (6) 1 Rallies, Conferences, Meetings attended - 703 2 Speeches prepared - (4) 1 Travel Data Cities visited . 258 59 Total days in field - 705 3/4 59 Travel cost - $4,783.47 59 War Bond Saving Clubs Organised - 265 60-H Amount of Bonds - $2,294,800.30 Outstanding State - Mississippi Memberships - 9,021 War Bond Record of Section 5 13% of monthly payroll; 100% employee participation 505% above quota in Sixth War Loan Drive Regraded Unclassified 35. HIGHLIGHTS OF 1944 (from the press and other sources) BOND PURCHASES OF ONE MILLION DOLLARS OR MORE Amount Page Payrell Savings Notimate (Negre vage-earners) $810,000,000 61 New York City - Beau Jack - Dob Montgomery fight(8/4) 35,000,000 64 Solma, Ala.- National Baptist Convention (8/29) 10,000,000 68 Columbia, S.C.- Richmond County VFC (2/19) 6,850,000 67 Chicago. 111.- WFC (0.U.Turpin)12/4. 19,000,000 plus 60-0 Durhan, N.O.- N.C.Mutual Life Insurance Oo. (12/15) 4,575,400 60-D Washington, D.C. - as Harriet Tubman report (8/1) 3,452,361 78 Atlanta, Ga.- Atlanta Life Insurance Co. (5/21) 3,862,500 72 Chicago, 111.- War Loan Dinners. WFC 3,686,037 6 New Orleans, La. - Negro WFC (0.C.W.Taylor) 12/10.... 2,421,552 60-M Tuskages, Ala.- Negro WFC (Harry Sime) 9/15 .... 3,322,638 60-0 Memphis. Tenn.- War Bond Saving Olubs (JEMalker) 2,294,803 60-H Washington, D.C.- Industrial Bank (11/28) 2,000,000 65 Philadelphia, Pa.- Citisens Bank, Maj.R.R.Wright(3/11) 1,500,000 65 Phila., pa.- Todd Duncan with Philadelphia Orchestra. .1,500,000 64 Birmingham, Ala.- Bond Rally (2/15) 1,235,000 30 Denver, Colo.- American Woodmen Ins. Oo. (5/21) 1,200,172 72 Detroit. Mich.- Mass meeting (a/2) 1,000,000 8 BOND PURCHASES OF $500,000 OR MORE Buffale, I.Y.- War Loan Drive, WFO (6/21) 809,480 45 Memphis, Tenn.- Universal Life Ins. Co. (5/31) 700,000 72 Washington, D.C.- Afro American Newsboys 670,832 66 Chicago, Ill.- Supreme Liberty Life Ins. Co. (5/21) 605,000 73 New Orleans, La.- Negro WFC (3/11) 558,530 67 Chicage, Ill.- Netropolitan Funeral Assn. (5/21) 541,729 72 Leuisville, IV.- Domestic Life Ins. Co. (5/21) 517,600 72 BOND PURCHASES OF $100,000 OR MORE Memphis, Tenn.- Hass meeting (1/25) 400,000 , Florida State Federation Negro Women 385,000 E Newark, I.J.- Ford Edgenater Plant (6/15) 334,000 51 Philadelphia, pa.- WFC Report (7/15) 375,000 73 Detroit, Mich.- Tinken Arle Oo. (6/10) 240,000 12 Washington, D.O.- Negro schools (7/15) 213,954 74 Jacksonville, no.- Negro WFC (1/30) 200,000 19 St. Louis, No. - WFC Report, JNFreeman (1/13/45) 183,750 New Farmers of America (FSA Report) 379,545 81 '98 Regraded Unclassified 86. HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.) BOND PURCHASES OF $100,000 OR MORN (Comt.) Amount Page Marshall, Tex.- Harrison County Negro WFC (2/36) $150,000 67 Baltimere, Md.- Bond Rally (4/25) 150,000 25 Muskagen, Mich.- Lackey Foundry Co. (6/15) 140,000 12 Mentgomery, Ala.- USO Rally (3/13) 137,000 8 Muskegon, Mich.- Campbell, Wymant & Gannen (6/15) 125,000 12 Tuskagee, Ala.- Air Base (2/15) 125,000 30 Norfolk, Va.- War Bond Committee (2/26) 120,000 67 Birmingham, Ala.- Dinner Party (12/17) 112,250 67 Mashington, D.O.- Gloria Brown, age 15 (7/8) 106,250 66 Durham, N.O.- Bond Rally and Show (7/5) 105,475 44 Baltimere, Nd.- Negro Participation Division (7/14) 102,075 67 New Orleans, La.- Negre Schools (13/22) 101,541 75 Chicago, Ill.- Lennie Simmons' entertainers 100,000 83 Benton Harber, Mich.- Central High School (6/16) 100,000 12 White Plains, I.I.- Bend Rally (5/39) 100,000 11 Jasper, Ala.- War Bond Meeting (2/15) 100,000 8 Tuscaleosa, Ala.- War Finance Parade (2/14) 100,000 8 OUTSTANDING EVENTS Four Var Bond songs were approved by the U. S. Treasury Department for use during the Sixth War Loan Drive. Of these four, two vere submitted by Andy Rasaf, Negro composer and lyricist. (p.4) Dr. Hall Johnson submitted a song titled, "Buy & Bond Today." Although too late for use in the 6th War Loan Drive, it will be used for the interim period between drives. "The Festive Overture," a new work by William Grant Still, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, won for him a $1000 War Bond. (p.83) An olderly colored widow, with no sons or daughters to fight or join the armed services. sold her home and used the entire proceeds for the purchase of War Bonds,- $15,000. (p.70) Gloria Brown, 15, air raid messenger, sold $106,250 in War Bonds during the 4th War Loan Drive. (p.66) Thrift clubs are being organised in the elementary schools of Washington, D.C., to encourage thrift among the children. The purpose is to have the children buy Var Stamps sad Bonds to aid in early victory of the var. (p.75) The honor of being the first 6th War Lean worker to receive a commission as second licutenant in the Blue Star Brigade went to a colored woman, Mrs. O'Della Davis. (Ithaca Jal., 11/24/44) St. Mark rural school, New Orleans, La., 51 pupils. $18,350 Bond sales. (p.75) Six Virginia high school students (two Negro) von prises during 6th War Loan Drive, including trip to Imauguration, is Washington, D.C. Mar Finance Division's Interracial Section Var Bond record. (p.5) Regraded Unclassified 87. HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.) OUTSTANDING EVENTS Columbia, s.c.- Jim Kearse, convict, life-termer for murder, vas presented with nine War Bonds bought by him during the various War Bond campaigns. (p.80) New York City - The following ad appeared in a New York news- paper: "Colored girl, War Bond worker, will cook and serve dinner any Sunday for anyone who will buy or pledge $1,000 un in War Bonds, Box 2424, Times-Union." (p.81) Washington, D. 0.- Silas Goodall was the recipient of a $100 award, He showed the AGO how to save $5,000 worth of their em- ployees' time by simply having War Bonds delivered to their desks without taking workers away from their tasks. (p.82) A special Radio Show was produced, adapted and broadcast by Duke Ellington and his organization for the 6th War Loan Drive. (p.4) Section 7A of Francis Junior High School, Washington, D. C., won the Minute Man Flag for 90% participation in the Schools-at-War program. (p.74) Monroe, N. C.- Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two citations by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered in the Schools-at-War program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. (p.83) UNIQUE PROMOTIONS Cab Calloway has composed the first War Bond song in jive. titled "Rackin" 'em Back," combining jive talk lyrics with melody. The song, composed at the request of Secretary Morgenthau, urges bond- holders to "stache your Bonds away" which means "hide your Bonds for safekeeping." (p.64) Chicago, Ill.- A Christmas War Bond Party by the Chicago Beauti- cians included a hair style show with stars of stage, screen and radio participating. The beauticians exchanged Christmas gifts of War Bonds and Stamps from & beautiful Christmas tree erected es- pecially for this purpose. (p.79) Washington, D. C.- "Victory Bowls" were placed in the lobbies of the Lichtman Theatres. Patrons in any of these theatres purchas- ing War Bonds had chances at the Victory Bowl equal to the units of $25 Bonds purchased, Several $100 Bond prizes were donated by local business concerns for this purpose. (p.81) By appeals to doctors. nurses and visitors, 76 crippled children sold $2,022 in War Bonds and Stamps for the purchase of an Army ambulance. (Schools-at-Mar, Feb. 1945) Regraded Unclassified 88. HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.) UNIQUE PROMOTIONS Newport News, Va.- A local laundry owner and operator is keeping absenteeism at a minimum by weekly awards of War Bonds to employees for reporting to work on time. Each week the names of every employee who has worked the full week previously and who has signed in on time for all six days, are placed in capsules and a drawing is held. The winning name receives a $25 War Bond. (p.82) The Race Relations Department of the Federal Council of Churches presents each year the Edward L. Bernay Award to the person whose work toward the removal of racial tensions and conflicts has been most outstanding. The award is $1,000 War Bond. (p.82) The INTERRACIAL SECTION is proud of the contribution that is being made by colored Americans - on the "Bond front" as well as on the battlefront - and is deeply grateful to all who had & part in making this report possible. by MBGeldman, Treasury's Var Finance Division, Washington, D.C., Des. 30. 1944. Regraded Unclassified THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON 24 JAN 1945 Dear Henry: Your letter of January 2nd is much appreciated and I have had it brought to the attention of cognizant authorities so that they would know of your kind offer and make requests for assistance from your promotional organization in the event it is considered necessary. If the services of your organization are needed, no doubt the Chief of the Incentive Division, Rear Admiral C. H. Woodward, USN, will be in touch with your Department. In the meantime, I suggest you have your War Bond people get in touch with Admiral Woodward to apprise him of the services at your disposal. Sincerely, James Fouestal The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury Washington, D. C. Regraded Unclassified January 24, 1945 Dear Henry: I thought you might be interested in seeing a copy of a telegram I received from Dr. Herman W. Johnson of Houston, Texas, and also a copy of my answer. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Henry The Honorable Henry A. Wallace, Wardman Park, Washington, D.C. Regraded Unclassified January 23, 1945. Dear Sir: I an acknowledging receipt of a telegram dated January 22 with your name appended. The telegram reads as follows: "Would you as fiscal agent of our Government appoint Wallace as Chairman of the RFC with the billions involved? Does his business ex- perience warrant such appointment? Further purchase of Government securities awaits your reply." The last sentence of this message, I think, par- ticularly deserves attention. It has been one of the saddest experiences of my life to receive letters and telegrams like this from time to time during this war. Typically they express the attitude that because someone in official life has done something of which the writer disapproves, the writer is not going to help any more with the war ef- fort. He is going to let the rest of the 135 million people of America fight along by themselves as best they can. It is the sort of thing we used to call "the baby act" when I was a boy. The only comforting thought about such messages is that the writers don't really mean them, but only express the anger of a moment. If you really in good faith went my opinion of Henry Wallace's ability to discharge competently the duties of the position to which the President has appointed him I will give it to you. He is a supremely loyal pub- lic servant, able and devoted, and he is well qualified Regraded Unclassified - 2 - to direct the work of the Department of Commerce and of the lending agencies attached to it. He will ad- minister them with his purpose concentrated on the public interest. Of that there need be no doubt. Yours very truly, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury. Dr. Herman W. Johnson Houston, Texas HEG/mah M Regraded Unclassified WESTERN 1801 CLASS OF SERVICE SYMBOLS This is a full-rate DL-Day Letter Telegram or Cable- NL-Night Letter -m unless its de- d character is in- UNION LC-Deferred Cable ated by a suitable symbol above or pre- NLT-Cable Night Letter ceding the address. A, N. WILLIAMS Ship Radiogram PREDIDENT The filing time shown in the date line on telegrama and day letters in STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt in STANDARD TIME at point of destination HSA405 NL PD=HOUSTON TEX 22 THE HON HENRY MORGANTAHU= 1945 JAN 22 PM 10 45 SECY US TREASURY WASHDC= WOULD YOU AS F ISCAL AGENT OF OUR GOVERNMENT APPOINT WALLACE AS IRMAN OF THE RFC WITH THE BILLIONS INVOLVED? DOES HIS BUS INESS EXPERIENCE WARRANT SUCH APPOINTMENT? FURTHER PURCHASE OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES AWAITS YOUR REPLY S INCERELY YOURS= HERMAN W JOHNSON MD: R. THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM,ITS, PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE Regraded Unclassified JAN 21 1945 Dear Mr. Byrnes: This will acknowledge receipt of your letter dated January 13, 1945, having reference to the declining stock pile of coal available and pointing out the necessity for keeping temperatures below 68 degrees in buildings heated by the Treasury Department. In compliance with your request, the Superintendent of Treasury Buildings has been instructed to regulate temperatures 80 that they will not exceed 68 degrees. Sincerely yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. Honorable James F. Byrnes, Director, Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, Washington, D. C. CSB/mhg 1-23-45 Regraded Unclassified OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION AND RECONVERSION BUY PTATED WASHINGTON, D. c. WAR OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR January 13,1945. Dear Mr. Secretary: The Secretary of the Interior has reported to the President that we must reduce our coal consumption in 1945 by approximately 25 million tons. He has pointed out that a stockpile of 77 million tons which was available on April 1,1943, will be reduced to approximately 40 million tons by April 1,1945. This stockpile will be inadequate to assure proper distribution. I have asked the War Production Board to prohibit the use of electricity obtained from coal in all outdoor advertising, ornamental and display lighting. I have also asked the Director of Defense Transportation to eliminate special and excursion trains and increases in normal sche- dules to resort areas. The savings from these measures will make up only a small part of the 25 million tons. Therefore, a substantial reduction in space heating is also necessary. I have appealed to the management of all public buildings, hotels, apartments, stores, and other establishments to take immediate measures to keep maximum temperatures below 68 degrees. I hope that the response to this appeal will prevent the necessity for ration- ing with the administrative burden which it would entail. The President has emphasized the importance of govern- ment agencies responsible for the heating of buildings setting an example in compliance. With his approval, therefore, I wish to ask you to issue instructions to insure compliance in the buildings under your control. Sincerely yours, Director. Honorable Henry Morgenthan, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury Washington D.C. Regraded Unclassified TREASURY DEPARTMENT INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION Date Jan. 16, 1945 TO Mr. Charles S. Bell, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary FROM Mr. Edward E. Berney In a hurried checkup I have learned that the Superin- tendent, Treasury Buildings, heats: Main Treasury Building Annex 1 Belasco Theatre and provides steam for a part of the White House, the Wilkins Building, and the leased building at 1510 H Street, N. Y. All commercial buildings are heated by the Public Buildings Administration or through the owners of the leased premises where we are occupying space. Director Hall advised me that the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and all of the buildings in that vicinity are heated from the central heating plant which is not under the control of the Treasury Department. The boilers formerly used to heat the Bureau of Engraving and Printing were dismantled sometime ago. Regraded Unclassified OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 1/16/45 Bell CHARLES s. BELL TELEPHONE 300 ROOM as 137 25 January 24, 1945. Dear Mr. Revles: Thank you for your letter of Jamuary 18, which encloses the booklet, "The Story of Vartine Retioning". This seens to - one of the best things of its type that I have com in print, and I have been interested in going through every page of the booklet. I appreciate your thought in seeing that I had a copy. Sincerely, (Signed) H. Morgenthaw, Jr. Hemorable Chester Bewlee, Administrator, Office of Price Administration, Vashington 25, D. c. GEF/dbs Regraded Unclassifie 138 OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON 25, D. C OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR January 18, 1945 20 E 4/92 a The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary Department of the Treasury Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Morgenthau: I think you will be interested in the attached presentation on rationing. It outlines some of the problems which confront us and the methods we are employing to meet them. I hope you can find time to run through it. With my best regards. Sincerely, Chester Bauls Chester Bowles Administrator Attachment DP will SS VII 10.34 a 50 and 0 DELICE Regraded Unclassified 139 INF-B 219(1-45) THIS 1 THE STORY OF ain WARTIME RATIONING CDA DIE OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION CHESTER BOWLES, ADMINISTRATOR THIS STORY EVERY AMERICAN will gladly put aside his own of wartime rationing is offered convenience sacrifice his SO that all Americans welfare to help bring the war may know to a successful end at the earliest possible date. WHY we Ration BUT All of us want to know the WHEN we Ration reasons for the actions our HOW we Ration government takes and the reasons for the part assigned WHAT we Ration to us in this total war. 2 3 WAR CREATES SHORTAGES Essential imports are reduced WHY or cut off. Factories that made peacetime goods are converted to production of DO WE war materials. Food and Fibre, once in plentiful supply, RATION must be shared with our fighting men and with our allies. Supplies of civilian goods diminish as war production of goes up - FOR EXAMPLE 4 5 139 TO FIGHT THE WAR To Supply Our Armies. Our Civilians and to Aid Our Allies, the These Steps Were Necessary: Government Allocated in 1944: 7 PERCENT PERCENT We had to stop making cars, TO MILITARY AND TO radios, refrigerators and OTHER USES CIVILIANS washing machines, for civilians, in order to make are 16 84 BUTTER more guns, tanks and 18 : 82 planes. SUGAR 2 24 76 We had to make more shoes, MEAT tires, trucks; produce more 39 61 meat, dairy products and GASOLINE canned foods; produce more 4 59 oil, refine more gasoline CANNED GOODS to supply our military as 44 56 LEATHER well as civilian needs. 48 52 AMERICAN (CHEDDAR) CHEESE 7 6 While Military Needs Were Cutting With Demand much higher Deeply into Supplies Available and Supplies much lower for Civilians than pre-war days EMPLOYMENT WAS INCREASING it was apparent that many 1939 ***** 44 MILLION wouldn't get their fair share. 1944 *****: 51 MILLION This could only lead to (III) 0(47) AND PEOPLE HAD MORE AND Buying runs MORE MONEY TO SPEND (After Paying Taxes) =0000 Hoarding 1939 $$$$$$$ 68 BILLION 1944 $$$$$$$$$$$$$ 131 BILLION Aggravated shortages AND FURTHERMORE In normal times, with adequate supplies, People with the most money- goods flow to corners of the country seeking markets. Local demands cause People with the most shopping price premiums which draw in supplies. time - Would get the best and the most. 04 =: 11 10 But in wartime, with incomes high and sharply increased demand, much IT BECAME APPARENT greater amounts of supply can be purchased near production areas, thus THAT further aggravating shortages at outlying points. War-time shortages would cause severe hardship and WITHOUT RATIONING WITH RATIONING slow up our whole war effort UNLESS some system was inaug- urated to distribute scarce supplies fairly or to those who needed DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION CONCENTRATED SPREAD them most. FOR THAT REASON This is another reason why we ration. 13 12 13 CONGRESS ACTED -- to protect every citizen alike -- to provide a mechànism for fair sharing of essential goods WHEN to meet war-essential needs first when supplies would not meet the wants of all DO WE --to promote all out production BY PROVISIONS OF THE SECOND WAR POWERS ACT. RATION ⑉ " in IIII CONGRESS ? 6 SECOND WAR POWERS ACT 14 15 13 THE AUTHORITY TO RATION THE SUPPLY AGENCIES was delegated by Congress to the President WPB WFA PAW under the SECOND WAR POWERS ACT. are responsible for production and delegated by the President to the SUPPLY AGENCIES." for military needs and for civilian production and allocation. to WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATION on ALL FOODS. to WAR PRODUCTION BOARD on ALL OTHER They determine when available COMMODITIES. supplies of essential goods are WPB tranferred to the PETROLEUM inadequate to meet uncontrolled ADMINISTRATOR for WAR the control demand. over Petroleum Products. When they find that consumer CONGRESS PRESIDENT rationing is necessary to insure fair-distribution of scarce WFA WPB PAW essential goods OPA OPA IS DIRECTED TO RATION 16 17 Regraded Unclassified OPA PLANS AND CARRIES OUT CONSUMER RATIONING PROGRAMS 1 To assure each section of the HOW country its fair share of scarce goods. 2 to divide that supply fairly- one family to another. DO WE has 3 to prevent hoarding. to distribute essential products RATION to those who need them most. 5 to help maintain ceilings by preventing ruinous bidding up I of prices of scarce goods. 18 19 13 CONSUMER RATIONING 119,788 VOLUNTEERS make up America's in America is done by WAR PRICE AND RATIONING BOARDS "COMMITTEES of NEIGHBORS" They are aided by 35,448 PAID EMPLOYEES These Committees are called located in the Boards WAR PRICE and RATIONING BOARDS 93 DISTRICT OFFICES serve the Boards, coordinate their operations, serve business and industry on rationing, price control and rent control problems. 5,578 BOARD$ serve every community 8 REGIONAL OFFICES supervise OPA programs... in America communicate national policy to District Offices. NATIONAL OFFICE 21 20 Regraded Unclassified 13 In a typical state, Connecticut, ALL AMERICA Board Members, drawn from every walk of life include is represented in FARMERS 179 DOCTORS 31 LAWYERS WAR PRICE AND 44 INSURANCE 43 MEN MERCHANTS 961 RATIONING BOARDS DENTISTS 8 PLUMBERS 10 NURSES 47 HOUSEWIVES 533 ENGINEERS 53 ELECTRICIANS 11 CLERGYMEN 25 FACTORY 237 WORKERS CARPENTERS 15 TEACHERS 179 AND OTHERS 23 22 13 1. POINT RATIONING BOARDS 2830 an equal share to all ADMINISTER Everyone is entitled to an equal share of the civilian supply of scarce foods. 4 KINDS OF RATIONING PROGRAMS BUT... there is not enough of every food item to permit 232800 exact division. Each planned to meet AND consumer tastes vary-not a vital wartime need all of US want the same for equitable distribution. amount of each food. SO the point rationing system gives each of US the same THESE ARE amount of ration currency $0 that we can choose the foods we want out of two major food groups. 24 25 Regraded Unclassified 13 2-UNIFORM COUPON 1. (Continued) RATIONING POINT RATIONING USES BLUE POINTS for most Canned and Bottled Foods. For a single commodity. when Mole There is 2 point value 20pt2 everyone should share alike, the for each kind of food. Uniform Coupon System is used. This system validates à stamp periodically to allow each of us to buy a pair of shoes. and RED POINTS In the same way stamps are For most Meats, Butter, Margarine, validated with which everyone Canned Fish, Cheese and Canned may buy 2 designated amount Milk. of Sugar. 14PS 25 There is a point value for each kind of food MILK SUGAR by cut, and weight.or size of can. 27 26 Regraded Unclassified 13 DIFFERENTIAL COUPON CERTIFICATE RATIONING RATIONING For a commodity where different When single items in scarce people require different amounts, supply have to be allotted to larger rations are granted to some, individual buyers on the basis smaller rations to others. of need, Certificate Rationing is used. Fuel oil needs vary with the size of the home. climate or industrial use. Gasoline needs vary, depending on type of For items like Automobiles. Tires. activity, essentiality of Stoves and Rubber Boots. a simple use, distance, etc. Certificate is granted. 28 29 13 RATION CURRENCY FOLLOWS NORMAL BUSINESS CHANNELS RATIONING CURRENCY PROCESS It Parallels the Flow of Money. END START Retailer pays the wholesaler HERE LOCAL in Stamps or Ration Checks 800 PROCESSORS BOARD on his regular bank. Wholesaler has his ration bank INDIVIDUALS account too. He draws checks MAIN to pay his supplier. BANK RATION Manufacturer or Processor I / BANKING DEPT. the first person to handle goods REPORT in their rationed form ends the flow of ration currency by WIRESALD paying it to OPA. WHOLESALERS RETAILERS He reports his production and sales which must check with the currency he receives. In a certificate program, the certificates themselves flow through these Channels. 30 31 13 TO PROTECT THIS RATION CURRENCY RATION CURRENCY SYSTEM. IS IMPORTANT Many Steps are Taken, Including. 1 Stamps and Certificates are printed It is 25 important to Retailers, on special safety paper and designs are changed periodically to hinder Wholesalers and Manufacturers, counterfeiting. as to Consumers. 2 Ration currency is issued in many communities through mailing centers where special precautions are taken All must have it to replace the against theft and loss. rationed goods they sell or use. 3 Currency goes from Banks to Verification centers where it is counted or weighed, spot-checked for validity. and inspected under special lamps to detect counterfeits. 32 33 13 THESE ESSENTIAL GOODS Have been rationed during the war: WHAT DATE RATIONING PRESENT STATUS BEGAN OF RATIONING Tires Jan, 1942 Rationed Passenger Automobiles Feb., 1942 Rationed DO WE Typewriters Mar., 1942 Removed from Rationing Apr., 1944 Sugar May. 1942 Rationed Gasoline May, 1942 Rationed RATION (Eastern Shorlage Area) Bicycles July, 1942 Removed Sept. 1944 Rubber Footwear Oct., 1942 Rationed Fuel Oil Oct., 1942 Rationed (30 States) Fuel Oil Feb., 1943 Rationed (Pacific Northwest) Coffee Nov., 1942 Removed July. 1943 Gasoline Dec., 1942 Rationed (Remainder of Nation) Stoves Dec., 1942 Rationed Some removed Oct,1944 Continued 34 35 next page Shoes Feb., 1943 Rationed WHEN SUPPLIES BECOME ADEQUATE Meat Mar., 1943 Rationed RATION CONTROLS ARE REMOVED Lard Mar, 1943 Removed Mar,1944 Shortening & Oils Mar, 1943 Removed Apr. 1944 Coffee, Jams. Jellies and Fruit Butter Mar., 1943 Rationed Butters. some Fats and Oils were Margarine Mar, 1943 Rationed Cheese Mar, 1943 Rationed removed from Rationing when Processed Foods Supplies became adequate to Canned & Bottled Mar.. 1943 Rationed meet uncontrolled demand. Frozen Mar., 1943 Removed between Nov. 1945 & Apr. 1944 Dried Fruits Mar., 1943 Removed Mar.1944 Bicycles and Typewriters were Dried Beans Mar. 1943 Removed Sept. 1944 Canned Milk removed when Rationing was no June 1943 Rationed Firewood & Coal Sept., 1943 Rationed longer needed to assure supplies (Pacific Northwest) to more essential users. Jams. Jellies. Fruit Butters Nov. 1943 Removed between Apr. Sept, 1944. Ration Controls may be tempo - rarily relaxed when the Supply Situation permits such action. 36 37 Regraded Unclassified TIRES visa! NOW A crucial Rubber Shortage and a Resulting Tire shortage let's examine the Brought the first Rationing to America in items we ration JANUARY 1942, ONE to keep our transportation BY system going. OT I ONE 9% Vleisa 9 MI MAHT 39 38 The Synthetic Rubber Program BUT NEEDS FOR TIRES Enabled Us to Keep Running ARE PILING UP 24 MILLION PASSENGER CARS 1. While 5 million tires were 5 MILLION COMMERCIAL VEHICLES. rationed to "B" and "C" car owners BUT, in 1944, Even with This Program in Oct., Nov., Dec. 1944, only 70% 1941 1944 of the eligible applicants could PASSENGER TIRES be given a tire certificate. FOR CIVILIANS WERE 66 % LESS 53.5 MILLION 2. There never have been enough THAN IN 1941 18 MILLION new tires to grant ràtions to 10 million A book holders. 403 TRUCK TIRES FOR CIVILIANS 3. Most tires in use today are in WERE 55% LESS 12 MILLION their 4th year of service. THAN IN 1941 5.4 P MILLION 40 41 THE TRUCK TIRE SITUATION INCREASED MILITARY NEEDS HAS BEEN THE are cutting further into our MOST SERIOUS OF ALL Passenger Tire Supply also. In June and July 1944. Estimates of civilian passenger tire civilians got almost 500,000 a Month production for Jan-Feb-Mar 1945 show a decrease of 1,665,000 tires or 25%. From August through December, stepped up Military demands The quota of tires available for reduced this to 400,000a. Month rationing in January was cut 10% from December but the production For January 1945, drop will probably be reflected in the number was cut to 326,000a Month later and deeper cuts. And while available truck tires decrease, Thus, "A" Book Holders must con- needs grow. because tires are wearing out. tinue to wait for new tires. 43 42 AUTOMOBILES GASOLINE Refining of Crude Oil Has Risen In February 1942, we had a stock- SHARPLY Since 1941 pile of 538,000 new cars BUT... to last until production is resumed. Gasoline for Civilian Uses Has DROPPED SHARPLY. (In May 1941, 514,000 automobiles were sold.) 1941 1944 To continue war time transportation it was essential-that these cars be 1,700,000 CIVILIAN BARRELS 1,819,000 QASOLINE rationed to those who need them most. PER BAY BARRELS PER DAY DOWN 29% Through certificate rationing, that Job has been done. One month's supply spread over three years! YES,000 MILITARY a On December 31, 1944 there were 12,000 cars left BARRELS OTHER GASOLINE in that stockpile. FOR BAY UP 263 % 44 45 This Drop in Gasoline for Civilians Has Required An Even Sharper GASOLINE IS RATIONED Drop in Gasoline for Passenger Cars. According to the essential needs of each motorist. BARRELS PER DAY SOME for every car owner to keep his car running for minimum family needs. 1941 24,000,000 "A" book holders NON-HIGHWAY (FARM, ETC.) UP 16 % MORE for those who need their cars 1944 for less essential business 8,500,000 "B" book holders COMMERCIAL 1941 VEHICLES DOWN 11% MOST for those who must use their 1944 cars in war work or other highly essential occupations. 5,400,000 "C" book holders 1941 PASSENGER And. of course, gasoline for: CARS DOWN 41% 1944 TRUCKS BUSES MOTORCYCLES and other essential TRACTORS vehicles 46 47 If Gasoline is Scarce IF GASOLINE IS SCARCE Why are stocks increasing in WHERE DOES BLACK MARKET GAS the winter of 1944-45? COME FROM ? Because Stocks must be built up It comes from the common supply, in winter the season of leaving less for ration holders. lowest use to permit increasing demands. farm Some motorists - and some and commercial to be met dealers- pay counterfeit or in the Spring and Summer. stolen coupons or use coupons issued to someone else -- Stocks are November LOWEST in after harvest HIGHEST in March and April before planting. Thus depriving the honest motorist of his fair share. 48 49 STEPS LIKE THESE HELP TO STAMP OUT THE BLACK MARKET Fuel FUEL OIL OPA: Supply Uses serial numbers on all coupons. Oil increased One-Fourth 1 2 Cancels coupons at regular intervals and between 1941 and 1944. issues new ones. 3 Requires dealers to make good on all BUT Essential War Uses increased almost counterfeit coupons they accept. One-Half in the same period. Mails coupons from central offices in cities to reduce theft and loss. THIS MEANT A DROP IN THE AMOUNT 5 Provides police escort and other similar protection for ration currency. LEFT FOR CIVILIAN HEATING USES 6 Checks gas coupons with special counterfeit detection device. WHERE OUR FUEL OIL GOES 7 Requires every motorist to endorse his coupons. CIVILIAN Takes vigorous legal action against those heating Cooking Etc. 188 8 who deal in the Black Market. CIVILIAN 193,000,000 BARRELF heating, Cooking Ba. 222,300,000 INDUSTRY: BARRELO WAR USES MILITARY Cooperates by holding tight to rationing WAR USES INDUSTRY rules, dealer education, etc. RAILBOADS MILITARY +47% FARMS ETC INDUSTRY HAILBOADS THE PUBLIC: FARMS Is coming to a better and better understanding 440,600,000 647 000000 that it takes two to make a Black Market. BARRELS BARRELS THE GASOLINE BLACK MARKET IS MUCH SMALLER TODAY THAN A YEAR AGO - BUT ITS FAR FROM LICKED 662, 900, 1941 000 BARRELS 830,000. BARRELS +25% 1944 50 51 TODAY FUEL OIL IS RATIONED UNDER FUEL OIL RATIONING IN AREAS OF THE COUNTRY The essential war activities Railroads, WHERE 94% OF THE FUEL Industries, etc. get the amounts they OIL IS CONSUMED. need. Local Boards issue enough coupons to those who use oil for heating to take care of their needs as far as remaining supplies allow. 90% tot al of total 6% U.S.A THE AMOUNT TO EACH APPLICANT IS DETERMINED BY : 1. Size of building 2. Kind of heating equipment 3. Former use of oil 4. Climate There is not enough fuel oil to take care of wants, Only enough to meet needs. This rationing system allows boards to estimate real needs and ration accordingly. 52 53 CIVILIAN SUPPLY IS DOWN 18% STOVES But many civilian users-hospitals ,Stove Production was Sharply Cut hotels,etc.-cannot be cut this in July 1942, So That the Industry Could Concentrate on War Goods much. So fuel oil available for homes has been reduced on the average to only two-thirds of peacetime use. 9,000,000 STOVES 2,459,000 STOVES SOLD AVERAGE PRE-WAR SALES YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30,1944 Thus Consumers Had to Get Along with Less than 1/3 of the Normal Supply of Stoves 54 55 STOVE RATIONING USES STOVES WERE RATIONED THE CERTIFICATE SYSTEM Oil and coal fired heating stoves The Local Board issues a were rationed in December 1942 to: certificate entitling the applicant Prevent increased drain on oil supplies to buy a stove of a given type Reserve the stoves for the most urgent needs if the applicant is eligible in All wood. gas. and other stoves terms of: were rationed in August 1943. to distribute the short supply to Need for such a stove people with the most essential needs. Unavailability of other cooking and heating facilities Coal and wood heating and cooking Impossibility of repairing stoves were removed from rationing present stove in October 1944. 56 57 Rationing Has Played a Large SHOES Part in Distributing the Available War's great demand for Stove Supply Evenly over the Country. LEATHER made shoe rationing necessary. Many stove manufacturers converted Although leather production 100% to production of war goods. has increased greatly during the war, almost HALF goes to Those that remained had to supply meet war needs. areas they had never before covered. 22,900,000 CATTLE HIDES IN 1944 Under Rationing, stoves have been WAR CIVILIAN kept moving to the places where 44% 56% holders of ration certificates needed them. And of the better leathers, an even smaller percent goes to civilian users. 58 59 Because of Military Needs INVENTORIES HAVE for Leather, the Supply of Leather Shoes for Civilians DECLINED MORE THAN 40% DROPPED 1/3 between 1941 and 1944 SINCE RATIONING BEGAN JAN.1,1943 JAN.1, 1945 1941 369,000,000 PAIRS OF TYPES 109,000,000 NOW RATIONED NON-RATIONED TYPES 254 MILLION PAIRS 147 MILLION PAIRS 1944 256,000,000 PAIRS OF 160,000,000 TYPES NOW RATIONED NON-RATIONED So. shoes have been rationed TYPES to the public faster than they With needs for special types, such could be replaced, and shoes as safety shoes, special health and will continue in short supply until hardship rations. etc., this rate is more leather becomes available. LESS THAN TWO PAIRS A YEAR PER PERSON ! 60 61 13 MEAT DURING THE WAR YEARS CIVILIANS HAVE EATEN SUPPLIES INCREASED 23% MORE MEAT THAN BEFORE FROM 1941 to 1944 BUT THE WAR. MILITARY NEEDS INCREASED 238% 150 148.2 141 141.4 25.3 BILLION LBS. 137.9 20.6 BILLION LBS. 136.2 MILITARY 24% POUNDS I PER MILITARY ask 125 125.6 PERSON 35-39 40 41 42 43 44 CIVILIAN CIVILIAN 91.2% 76% But with higher wartime incomes, unchecked demand for meat would have been much higher, perhaps near to 170 pounds in 1941 1944 1944. 63 62 13 RATIONING OF MEAT HELPS AVAILABLE MEAT PRODUCTION IS LIMITED TO MOVE SUPPLIES TO THE SHEEP CORNERS OF THE COUNTRY. Areas where plenty of meat is CATTLE HOGS produced share with areas far PACKING HOUSE from the point of production. WITHOUT RATIONING Sometimes great numbers of animals seek market at once. Packing house output IS limited by: 1- Plant capacity WITH 2.- Available manpower RATIONING... 3. Freezing facilities Thus, the meat supply is determined by packing house output, not by animal population available for market. 65 64 Regraded Unclassified OPA Makes a Number of 10 Point Before May 4. 1944, when most Meat- Fats Items were rationed Stamps Good Each Month for the EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED Red Point Program. RATIONED 15 RED POINTS EACH WEEK SUPPLIES The points in consumers' hands must balance the point values of After May 4. 1944. with 57% of the former all the meat to be bought in a rationed supply removed from rationing month. EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED 7½ RED POINTS EACH WEEK OPA may raise or lower point values of Returned, different meats Or validate more or fewer stamps to maintain this balance. After January 1. 1945. when most formerly RATION BUVING POWER COST IN RATION CURRENCY rationed meats were restored to Total points avail- able in consumers' Total point value of hands each month all meat to be bought in o month rationing EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED Retioned 12½ RED POINTS EACH WEEK 15% Not FOR INSTANCE Rationed. 67 66 13 TOKENS are used for the Meat In October and November, 1944. the Fats Program to provide an easy Bureau of Labor Statistics found when quick means of making change. it checked retail meat supplies that: 1/3 were out of rationed beef. Fewer Stamps need to be validated. 1/4 were out of non-rationed beef. 5 Ten-point stamps with tokens now do the work of 12. stamps without tokens: ½ were out of pork loins and hams 2 out of 3 had no bacon. This saves the handling of almost ONE BILLION stamps a month by FURTHER consumers and dealers. For the first months of 1945, it It already has saved the taxpayers was estimated that meat will TWO MILLION DOLLARS in the cost of be from 10% to 15% less. printing new ration books. These conditions brought about broader meat rationing in Dec. 1944. 68 69 PROCESSED FOODS The Civilian Supply in 1944-45* was drastically cut for all major The production of Processed processed food items. Foods reached an all-time peak in 1944, but civilian CANNED FRUIT 1941. 1941-53.3 MILLION supplies* are less than any 1944-22.1 CASES 1944-41% time since the war began. CANNED VEGETABLES 1941 1941-115.4 MILLION 1944-73.5 CASES. 1944-64% MILITARY MILITARY 1941-2* 1944-5* CANNED JUICES 1941 348 MILLION 371 MILLION 1941 - 66.7 MILLION CASES CASES 1944- 38.2 CASES CIVILIAN CIVILIAN 1944-57% 93% 59% CANNED SPECIALTIES (Soups, Baby Foods,etc.) 1941 1941 - 87.3 MILLION 1944-86.7 CASES 1944-99% JULY 1 TO JULY 1 allocated from 70 the yearly pack. allocated + July I, to July 1 from 71 the yearly pack. MOST PROCESSED FOODS ARE Each month Blue points are issued PRODUCED DURING A SHORT PERIOD equal to the point value of supplies EACH YEAR MUST ZASTUNTIL available for that month. THE END OF THE PACK YEAR Point values are adjusted to MOST PRODUCTION retain this balance. STARTS IN AND MUST LAST UNTIL FOR EXAMPLE: JULY 1944 AUG JUNE AUG. 1944 SEPT. 945 1945 If canned corn becomes more plentiful, 1944 1945 points for corn go down or if canned So Inventories must not only be peas are more scarce, points on peas go up apportioned so that each indi- HOWEVER vidual gets his fair share, When points on one commodity go BUT ALSO- down, points must be raised on one or Must be spread throughout more of the other commodites to ab- the remaining pack year. sorb the purchasing power so released. This maintains the balance between points and supplies. 72 73 ON DECEMBER 1,1944 canned fruit and vegetable DAIRY PRODUCTS stocks were % less than Milk Production is up 14% over on December 1.1943. Prewar Levels. But with consumption of milk and milk As it was unlikely that any products higher, less remains for production additional supplies could be of butter. made available for civilian use until the summer of TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR CIVILIAN AND MILITARY NEEDS 1945, broader canned goods 121 BILLION POUNDS rationing was put into effect 106 BILLION POUNDS OTHER 22.0% late in December. 1944. OTHER IT.6 % FLUID MILK PLUID MILK AND AND CREAM Only in this way could CREAM 41.5 % 44.6 % supplies be made to last. BUTTER BUTTER 40.9 % 33.4% 1935-39 1943 74 . 1944 FIGURES NOT AVAILABLE 75 WARTIME INCOMES AND HEAVY DAIRY PRODUCTS MUST GO MILITARY DEMANDS INCREASE TO THE MILITARY LARGELY THE USE OF FLUID MILK LIKE THIS: IN NON-PERISHABLE FORM. 1943* 1935-39 20 25 The Military Took This Much of These Products in 1944: BILLION BILLION QUARTS QUARTS MILITARY 1,544 Million lbs. CIVILIAN & 16% 84% for Civilians 286 Million lbs. And the use of manufactured BUTTER for War Needs dairy products other than butter 413 Million lbs. is up like this: MILITARY for Civilians CIVILIAN 48% 52% 377 Million lbs. 1943* AMERICAN (cheddar) CHEESE for War Needs 1935-39 1,861 Million lbs. 15BILLION 22 BILLION MILITARY CIVILIAN for Civilians POUNDS 47% 53% POUNDS 1,619 Million lbs. for War Needs CANNED MILK 1946 figures not available 76 77 12 pounds of butter per year DRINK MILK OR EAT BUTTER means more like 5/8 of a ? pound per month for YOU (unless you make your own butter!) BEFORE THE WAR (1935-39) The average civilian consumed 158 qts.of Milk& Cream and 16 lbs. of Butter per Yr. Total supply (per person per year) 12Lbs Less Farm Butter produced IN 1944 and used on the Farm 2.4lbs The average civilian consumed 191 qts. of Milk & Cream but only. 12 lbs. of Butter Less Industrial, Restaurant uses.21 lbs -4.5lbs OR he could have consumed 158 qts. of Milk e Cream and 15½ lbs. of Butter Supply for home use (per person per year) 7.5 lbs BUT.. with incomes $0 high, acute shortages of milk would have occurred. Milk would have required rationing This means 5/8 of a pound as well as butter. and nutrition might have suffered. per month for each person. 79 78 Not all consumers want or need ON DECEMBER 1,1944 the same amounts of butter. civilian butter supplies in storage Some persons prefer more butter. less and in stores were lower than meat, cheese. or other red-point items. at anytime during the war. Others get along with less butter. and use 90% of stores reported they were more points for meat or other items. "out of butter" "half the time or more. So butter point value was raised Thus. the point system is flexible. to 24 to slow down demand and help spread the supplies Thus. even though the combined supplies of more evenly over the country. these items is substantially lower than in 24 prewar years. the point system allows some POINTS freedom of choice for the purchase of these scarce foods. BUTTER 80 81 Regraded ssified SUGAR MILITARY NEEDS CUT War Has Made Deep Cuts in CIVILIAN SUPPLIES STILL FURTHER Sugar Production and Imports. SUGAR USED SUGAR USED IN 1941 IN 1944 7.4 MILLION TONS TOTAL 7.4 MILLION TON - 7938,000 TONS MILITARY TOTAL ALLIES I PHILIPPINES 6, 955,000 NONE raom THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS PHILIPPINES- # TONS 1.3 MILLION TONS M 1 P CUBA M o CUBA P CIVILIAN R o 8 6.1 MILLION TONS T R PUERTO S RICO T PUERTO HAWAII RICO S OTHERS HAWAII CANE SUGAR STREET 1 M E' 8 CANE SUGAR BEET SUGAR BEET SUGAR awa 1941 1944 *Includes 450,000 tons from inventories. 82 83 Thus, sugar for all civilian food uses dropped from... EVEN WITH RATIONING our Sugar Stocks Declined XXX 104 POUNDS PER PERSON IN 1941 XXX TO 2,613,000 XXX TONS 1761,000 XXX TONS 1,300,000 xxx TONS 88 POUNDS PER PERSON IN 1944 DEC.31 DEC. 31 DEC.31 1939 1943 1944 This includes sugar consumed in manufactured products such as Thus with predicted supplies for pies, cakes, candies, canned goods civilians in 1945 lower than 1944, and that used in home-canning we began the year with the lowest and in public eating places, as well as table sugar. stocks on hand of any war year. 84 85 13 STOCKS OF RATIONING PROVIDES FOR SUGAR RUN DOWN FROM distributing sugar fairly among JANUARY TO OCTOBER FOUR MAIN GROUPS THOUSANDS TOTAL SUGAR STOCKS 1944 OF TOMS TOMS 1500 1500 1400 1400 1500 1300 550,000 RESTAURANT 8% OF 1200 1200 EATING PLACES CIVILIAN USE IN 1944 1100 1100 1000 1000 900 900 800 800 25 MILLION 700 700 11 600 600 APPLICATIONS 16% 500 500 FOR FAMILY JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. HOME CANNING Domestic Sugar is produced mainly from 132 MILLION September to January. RATION BOOK 27% HOLDERS BUT...these stocks must last through the 125,000 BAKERS, / non-producing periods, particularly summer CANNERS AND E 49% OTHER CARDY when sugar is used heavily for canning. BRN MANUFACTURERS PIES 86 87 Regraded Unclassified 13 THESE GROUPS GET THEIR In December 1944 There Were 2t Months Worth of Old Food SUGAR RATIONS THIS WAY Stamps Outstanding OPA had either to add these to the Local Boards issue ration books con- new 1945 stamps or cancel them taining sugar stamps to every consumer. If they were added. there would have been 14 | months worth of rationing Local Boards issue coupons for home currency to buy 12 month's supply of canning sugar on the basis of rationed food. In that case it would have been necessary to issue fewer stamps, or applications showing amounts needed. increase point values further. thus sharply cutting rations of those who use stamps on a current basis. Local Boards issue allotments to hotels, restaurants, etc., according In dividing fairly the 1945 supply. OPA could not reduce the ration of the majority to a percentage of base-period use in order to give holders of old stamps an and number of meals served. extra share of the lower supply. Criticism was bound to ensue from some. District Offices issue allotments to But only by such cancellation would there canners, bakers, and other industrial users be a fair distribution of the 1945 supply of these rationed foods. according to a percentage of base-period use. 88 89 Regraded Unclassified 13 IN CONCLUSION ON TOP OF THAT People have more money than ever In this war, production records before, and thus demand for scarce by farmer, by working man, civilian supplieslike meat, sugar, gasoline, by manufacturer-have reached etc., is far higher than ever before. So, in most of these scarce commodities, undreamt of heights. That's true of commodities for both the even civilian supplies at pre-war levels would not suffice to meet military and civilians high wartime demand. But, because of war needs, it PEACETIME WARTIME is clear that in certain essen- tial commodities, supplies for DEMAND civilians are substanially SUPPLIES DEMAND lower than in prewar years. SUPPLIES 90 91 Regraded Unclassified If uncontolled Demand were to outrun Basically That is Why Supply in rationed commodities Congress Authorized Essential foods would be denied many people because those with time or Rationing money to buy. and those near produc- tion centers would get the lion's share. Rationing of Scarce Essential The transportation system dependent on Commodities is a Necessity- passenger cars would break down. so long as demand far Fuel oil essential for heating homes, would be available only to some. outstrips supply. Some would get several pairs of shoes. Many would go without. etc. etc. Rationing is a consequence of Total War! And the only result could be 1. Severe hardship here at home. It is a vital aid to winning 2. Serious breakdown of war production. 3. A total war effort far short of the needs the war and returning our of our fighting Men around the world. boys from the battlefronts. 92 93 13 NO ONE CAN TELL (cont.) NO ONE CAN TELL just when supplies of each of these 3. By making every effort to care for your share of short supplies scarce commodities again will come your automobile, tires, stoves and shoes close to demand. and by seeing that none of your food is wasted. Until They Do 4. By never asking for, or accepting, rationed each American can play a major goods without giving retion currency part in supporting the Armed Forces in exchange and by reporting at once by helping to make rationing work any illegal use of ration currency to by helping to see that these scarce your Local Board or OPA District Office. supplies are distributed fairly and on the basis of greatest need 5. By helping to explain facts about rationing to your family, friends and neighbors. Here's how you can support rationing: 6 By patience and understanding with 1. By living up to the letter your Local Board members who have and the spirit of rationing volunteered for a hard, often unpleasant, rules wartime job. 2. By requesting only such 7. And if possible by volunteering your rations as you really need. time to help your Local Board see that each person and each family gets a fair share of nationed commodities. now scarce because America is at Total War. 95 94 140 TREASURY DEPARTMENT INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE 1/24/45 TO Secretary Morgenthau FROM Mr. White HPW FOR ACTION You will recall that in December 1943 the Chase National Bank was indicted, together with Leonard J. A. Smit and his companies, for violations of the freezing Order. At that time a hue and cry was raised by Mr. Aldrich that we were dealing with technical violations, even though Chase's activities enabled Smit to send in- dustrial diamonds to the Axis. In August 1944 Mr. Smit and his companies pleaded guilty and paid fines to the Govern- ment in excess of $100,0 and Leonard Smit himself was given and has served a prison sentence. However, the Department of Justice has not attempted to bring the Chase National Bank to trial and in fact has consented to several postponements. It would be detri- mental to our enforcement of the freezing control if this case were not prosecuted. It is the opinion of the Legal Staff that inasmuch as the alleged violat ions occurred prior to Pearl Harbor, it would be preferable to try this case as soon as possible - the chances of a successful prosecution would De lessened by the cessation of hosti- lities in Europe. We would like to discuss with you the desirability of raising with the Attorney General the question of an expeditious trial in this case. We suggest you send a letter like the appended to the Attorney General 1f and when you think it propitious. (not attached) Attachment. Regraded Unclassified TREASURY DEPARTMENT INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE January 24, 1945 TO The Secretary of the Treasury FROM Mr. Chambers (Secretary's Representative on the Committee of Alternates, Foreign-Trade Zones Board) Attached hereto is the annual report of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. I have gone over the report care- fully and recommend it for your signature as a member of the Board. Robert Chambers * preel Regraded Unclassified Annual Report FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1944 Treasury Copy Regraded Unclassified 143 FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD Jesse H. Jones, Secretary of Commerce, Chairman. Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of War Thos. E. Lyons, Executive Secretary *** Committee of Alternates South Trimble, Jr., Chairman, Solicitor, Department of Commerce. Robert Chambers, Chief Counsel, Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department. Brig. Gen. John J. Kingman, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, War Department. ********** Room 5872 Department of Commerce Building, Washington, D. C. Regraded Unclassified 144 Regraded Unclassified FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD, WASHINGTON, D. C. January 15, 1945. TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: The Foreign-Trade Zones Board has the honor to submit herewith its Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1944, together with a copy of the Annual Report of the City of New York covering the operation of Foreign-Trade Zone No. 1, for the Calendar Year of 1943. Legislation providing for the establishment of foreign-trade sones in the United States to expedite and encourage foreign commerce, was enacted during the 2nd Session of the 73rd Congress (48 Stat. 998, 1003). The act also created the Foreign-Trade Zones Board consisting of the Secretaries of Commerce, War and Treasury, to administer its provisions. The first named was designated as chairman. This legislation, known as the Celler Act, authorised both public and private corporations to make applications to the Board for the privilege of establishing, operating and maintaining foreign-trade scnes. Private corporations, and in some instances public corporations, must first obtain authority for filing an application from the legislature of the state in which it is proposed to establish a zone. The purpose of the statute is to provide enclosed and policed areas, under Federal supervision, in or adjacent to parts of entry where foreign and domestic merchandise may be landed without application of the Customs laws. In 8 sone goods may be stored, processed or otherwise manipulated, but not manufactured or exhibited, and my be exported or brought into customs territory subject to the laws and regulations of the United States affecting imported merchandise. Although legislation permitting the establishment of foreign- trade sones in our ports of entry has been on the statute books for the past decade, the New York Foreign-Trade Zone was the only facility established and in operation at the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. Failure of other American gateway ports to take - 2 - Regraded Unclassified advantage of providing these customs free areas in their respective harbors may be attributed to several causes which follow one another. That is to say, during the years immediately following the passage of the Celler Act, officials in most of our ports seemed content to let New York perform the pioneer work and to await the resulting outcome of the operations of the Staten Island Foreign- Trade Zone before investing substantial sums in similar facilities. Established in 1937, the New York Foreign-Trade Zone increased its activities progressively each year until early in 1942 when a substantial part of the sone area was taken over for war purposes. Foreign trade some activities were transferred to North River piers in Manhattan where many operations formerly carried on at the Staten Island site were continued. When the New York Foreign-Trade Zone had progressed beyond the experimental stage, both commercially and financially, its admitted success prompted officials of several other major parts to reappraise the advantages of establishing similar facilities in their own harbors. By that time, however, the European War had already dislocated world trade and later on, following Pearl Harbor, all available port facilities were acquired or occupied with our own war demands. This situation linked with the shortage of critical material for commercial construction, therefore, necessitated further postpons- ment of plans for establishing several additional foreign-trade sones which previously had been announced by local harbor officials. Ports which have applications for foreign-trade sones pending with the Foreign-Trade Zones Board include New Orleans, La., San Francisco, Cal., Houston, Texas and Sen Juan, Puerto Rico. While the Houston and San Juan applications are presently inactive, harbor officials at San Francisco recently advised the Foreign-Trade Zones Board that they were prepared to proceed with the establishment of a foreign-trade sone at San Francisco as soon as war conditions permit. Plans for establishing 8. foreign-trade sone in the Port of New Orleans are rapidly taking definite form. In addition to submitting all the necessary exhibits in support of the application, the Board of Commissioners for the Port of New Orleans has selected a proposed foreign-trade sone site on the Industrial Canal and a hearing on the project is scheduled to be held early in 1945. Aside from the foregoing applications for foreign-trade sones, several other port communities are carefully considering this facility as a part of their general part improvement and replacement program. Port officials generally seen convinced that vital commercial shipping facilities which were acquired for war purposes will be retained by 146 - 3 - the military for servicing overseas forces long after the close of hostilities. These officials feel that such facilities must be replaced without delay with other ocean terminals if their respective harbors are to maintain their competitive positions with other ports at home and abroad. In planning port improvements, harbor engineers should remember that our postwar fleet will be far larger than our prewer merchant marine and will consist of larger and faster ships. This advantage of speed and carrying capacity will be lost unless adequate terminals, designed for quick turn-around of ships, are provided in our ports. The mere fact that a port's vessel berthing capacity my be measured in miles means little unless this capacity represents facilities capable of meeting the needs of modern commerce and shipping. Port authorities should not overlook the fact that many of the world's greatest parts have been totally destroyed during the present war. When these ports are rebuilt, probably they will be equipped with every modern device for the economical handling of cargo and the dispatching of ships. As a corellary, it appears even of greater importance to point out that much of the world's so-called colonial trade - running into millions of tons and valued at billions of dollars - has heretofore relied for redistribution on ports and other facilities rased by the ravages of war. As this traffic will be resumed long before part facilities can be rebuilt and channels of distribution restared, a substantial part of this trade will perforce seek at least a temporary haven here. Traffic diverted from hostile areas might well be retained to our advantage provided our parts are equipped to handle this business economically. Officials of major American ports who share the responsibility for developing our foreign trade should not undersstimate the potentialities of the foreign-trade sone for attracting and holding transshipment and re-export trade. Although showing brief promise at the conclusion of World War I, it can be stated with assurance that the United States has not enjoyed transshipment, re-export and consignment business mainly for the reason that we have failed to provide adequate facilities for servicing this class of trade. Excessive part expenses resulting from multiple cargo handlings and transfers along with costly formalities stifled the development of this lucrative traffic. Shipside storage and more extensive use of mechanical equipment including pallets for the handling and warehousing of large units of packaged merchandise will reflect considerable reductions in terminal costs of cargo intended for re-export or transshipment. Regraded Unclassified Regraded Unclassified While the foregoing facilities should be regarded as standard equip- ment at all deep water terminals, the foreign-trade zone has the added advantage of reducing the cost of surveillance. The provi- sions in the Act for the stabilization of charges are an added protection for shippers who intend to utilise a sone's facilities for extended periods. Improved banking facilities and a better knowledge of world trade on the part of our merchants and traders also augur for future success in this field. NEW YORK FOREIGN-TRADE ZONE Although conditions for carrying on world trade have been materially altered since our entry into the war, the New York Foreign-Trade Zone continued to serve a useful function in the interest of commerce of the Port of New York and of the nation. The transfer early in 1942 of sone functions from the original Staten Island location to temporary quarters on Manhattan piers has also retarded the normal growth of the none. Another problem developed about the middle of 1943, when a pier which comprised a substantial part of the temporary sone area was acquired for war purposes (1943 annual report). Later on one of the piers (#75 North River, Manhattan) initially selected as a part of the temporary some was found to be unsuited for foreign-trade sone purposes. By Order No. 10, dated November 18, 1943, at the request of the New York City officials, the Board directed the withdrawal of this pier from the sone area (see appendix). Despite these handicaps, however, the sone has been able to continue many important activities and in some instances has actually undertaken new services. While the 1943 report of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone, the latest available, states that "considerable business has been lost to the sone because of the lack of accommodations", the report also reveals several interesting instances which reflect the shifting trends in world trade resulting from a global war. For example, during 1943 more then five million pounds of cotton thread valued at $6,000,000. were shipped from the United Kingdom to the New York Foreign-Trade Zone and then redistributed to 26 foreign countries, including all Latin America, Soviet Russia and British West Africa. Another significant trade development revealed by the City's report on the Foreign-Trade Zone concerned the purchase by African natives of large quantities of cotton piece goods and singlets from Mexican mills. Lack of direct services between Mexico and African ports resulted in a considerable part of this merchandise being trans-shipped at the New York Foreign=Trade Zone during the year - 5 - 1943. Prior to the war Japan had supplied the natives of Africa with these articles. The report of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone shows that during 1943 Switzerland sent substantial quantities of aniline dyes to the sone for sampling and re-export to Central and South American countries, Africa and New Zealand. During the same period, large consignments of burlap sugar bags from India were held in the sone awaiting trans-shipment to Cuba, Nicaragua and Iceland. The handling of Sumatra tobacco continued to be an important operation at the foreign-trade sone. More than 100 persons were employed in the tobacco warehouse erected by the Dutch growers at the Staten Island sone site. The contents of each bale of tobacco is carefully examined and all substandard leaves removed. Originally this rejected tobacco was destroyed but recently a foreign market has been developed for this commodity. The right to store and manipulate imported liquors in the foreign-trade sone without regulation by the New York State Liquor Authority was clearly defined in an opinion of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York County. In During vs. Valente, decided February 11, 1944, the court said: "The imposition of these (N. Y. Alcoholic Beverage Control Law) complicated regula- tions upon foreign commerce in liquor within trade sones would not only interfere with the exclusive control of Congress over this commerce but would seriously impair, if not defeat, the purpose for which these zones were established." Summary of Operations and Fiscal Condition Although the total amount of warehouse space available for storage and manipulation was reduced by 80% as compared with similar facilities at the original Staten Island sons, the 1943 operating revenues amounted to $504,709.95 This was only 25% less than the $691,000 gross income for the last full year's operation on Statem Island. The operating end administrative expense for 1943 amounted to $385,735.64. This sum included the cost of customs service which has been substantially increased due to the necessity of policing three widely scattered some areas. It also included the sone operating company's profit which the Regraded Unclassified - 6 - Regraded Unclassified City continued to carry as an administrative expense. The net operating profit to the City for 1943 amounted to $128,049.31 In 1943, 194 different commodities from 51 foreign countries were received at the sone. While the tonnage of foreign goods re-exported was lower in 1943, its value, $14,453,355. was the highest in the zone's history. Cargo received in the some in 1943 was transported by two vessels engaged in foreign trade; 426 inland waterway and harbor craft; 1,689 motor trucks; 3 rail cars and 8 pareel post and hand lot deliveries. The activities of the sone since January 1, 1940 are reflected in the following data: Merchandise Received 1940 1941 1942 1943 Lots 2,952 4,216 2,378 2,609 Short Tons 215,658 136,860 45,542 36,876 Value $83,431,000 $88,623,194 $36,894,635 $25,212,174 The total tomage and value of merchandise forwarded from the sone during the years 1942 and 1943, including exports, re-exports, transshipments and imports were as follows: 1942 1943 Tonnage Value Tonnage Value (Short Tons) (Short Tons) Foreign Goods Reexported 31,237 $12,817,244 16,685 $14,453,355 # 11 Imported 31,644 18,253,468 20,606 18,660,561 Domestic . Exported 8,651 6,204,805 165 49,433 - Imported 1,345 203,109 1,310 312,051 Foreign & Domestic Exported* 1,158 315,737 I - . Imported* 13,174 6,147,833 468 1,496,365 87,209 $43,942,196 39,234 $34,969,765 "Consists mainly of foreign merchandise repacked in domestic containers. According to the New York Foreign-Trade Zone Report, in 1943 50% by weight and more than 60% by value of all foreign merchandise forwarded from the zone was re-exported or transshipped abroad. Similar figures for 1942 show re-exports and transchipments were 50% by weight and 40% by value of all foreign merchandise forwarded from the sone to foreign countries. 160 - 7 Regraded Unclassified Distribution of merchandise in 1943 from the sone to 67 countries amounted to 39,234 short tons, valued at approximately $35,000,000 including that imported into the customs territory of the United States which weighed 22,383 short tons and was valued at $20,466,977. The merchandise remaining in the sone on December 31, 1943 weighed 22,406 short tons and was valued at $19,363,866 which was substantially the same tonnage but a con- siderable decrease in the value of the merchandise in the sone at the start of the year 1943. Merchandise shipped from the sone in 1943 was transshipped by one vessel engaged in foreign trade, 408 inland waterway and harbor craft, 3,630 motor trucks, 6 rail cars and 79 messenger deliveries. The following summary sets out the principal commodities and leading countries of origin or destination of merchandise moving through the New York Zone in 1943. Tonnages and values of specific commodities are set out in the City's Annual Report. In order, by value, the leading commodities handled at the sone in 1943 were: cotton thread, watches, distilled spirits, watch move- ments, cotton piece goods, cotton, sugar bags, woolens, tobacco, and canned foodstuffs. In order, by weight, the leading commodities handled at the sone in 1943 were: distilled spirits, sugar bags, Babassu nuts, sugar, canned foodstuffs, cotton threed, dried fish, cotton piece goods, cotton and copra. In order of importance, by weight, of merchandise received in the sone, the leading countries of origin in 1943 were: Cuba, British India, United Kingdom, United States, Brasil, Virgin Islands, Canada, French Africa, Egypt and Mexico. In order of importance, by value, of merchandise received in the zone, the leading countries of origin in 1943 were: Switzerland, United Kingdom, Mexico, Cuba, Egypt, United States, Virgin Islands, British India, Canada, and Netherlands East Indies. In order of importance, by weight, of merchandise shipped from the zone, the leading countries of destination in 1943 were: United States, Cuba, British West Africa, Puerto Rico, Canada, Belgian Congo, French West Indies, Nexico, Colombia and Chile. In order of importance, by talue, of merchandise shipped from the sone, the leading countries of destination in 1943 were: United States, Cube, Colombia, Chile, Belgian Congo, Venesuela, British West Africa, Mexico, Canada and British India. - 8 - Manipulation of Merchandise According to the Deputy Collector in Charge, a number of important manipulations and forms of processing covering numerous commodities were carried on in the sone during the year. Despite limited accommodations and restricted space, many importers found it convenient to perform these activities in the foreign-trade zone. Some of the principal types of manipulation included: maturing, examining, reconditioning, sampling, weighing, destroying damaged leaves and repacking tobacco; examining and replacing watch move- ments for re-export via parcel post; examining, outting, sampling, combining part of different lots with domestic products and repacking cotton and woolen piece goods for export; examining, reconditioning and repacking raw cotton; the exemining, sampling, recoopering, bungfilling, gauging, affixing strip stamps on liquors (brandy, rum, wine and whiskey); examining, labeling, repacking into domestic cartons and destroying and re-exporting rejects of pork and beans, tomatoes and South American canned meats; trimming leather; grading, cutting off fringes and repacking rugs and fringed merchandise; examining, grading, and repacking fur skins; examining, segregating, camphorising and repacking household effects; examining and repacking pharmaceuticals; reduction of the alcoholic content of toilet water. Custome Revenue The collection of customs duties and excise taxes on merchandise imported into customs territory from the sone during 1943, amounted to $11,285,623.00. For the previous years 1940, 1941 and 1942, the amounts were $1,931,296; $2,867,352 and $1,998,851.70 respectively. The huge increase in the collection of customs revenue is due to the fact that importers of spirite have found the zone of considerable advantage for the handling of this commodity prior to customs entry. Aid to the War Effort The Deputy Collector in Charge of the Zone also reported that 95 steamships and 4,170 lighters, engaged in war work, used the sone piers for berthing space only without any sone leding or unlading. The steamships were accommodated through an arrengement with the War Shipping Administration because of the lack of berthing facilities at piers in customs territory. While in the sone these vessels discharged ballast, took on stores, and underwent repairs. Regraded Unclassified 152 - 9 - Regraded Unclassifie COMMERCIAL INTERESTS Broader knowledge of the functions and advantages of the foreign-trade sone - gleaned from actual results at the New York Zone - has prompted an increased number of national, regional and local trade and civic associations to urge other ports to provide similar facilities for expanding world trade. Early in 1944 the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce restated its long standing approval of the foreign-trade sone principle and urged the local harbor commission to proceed with the establishment of a foreign-trade zone at Sen Francisco as soon as a suitable site is selected. The International Business Conference at Rye, New York in November 1944, recommended that additional foreign-trade sone facilities be provided in important World Ports and the Mississippi Valley Association at its 1944 annual meeting, by resolution urged modernisation of our ports and recommended the creation of additional foreign=trade sones. For the fifth consecu- tive year, the Final Declaration of the National Foreign Trade Convention approved the New York Foreign-Trade. Zone operation and recommended that other seaports provide similar facilities. The Pacific Coast Association of Port Authorities and the American Association of Port Authorities at their respective meetings this year, adopted resolutions endorsing the principle of foreign- trade sches. The resolution of the Pacific Coast Association also urged that Congress amend the Foreign-Trade Zones Act to permit manufacturing and exhibiting. The Seattle Chamber of Commerce is cooperating with the Washington State World Commerce Commission in studying the possible advantages which might accrue to the Pacific Northwest by the estab- lishment of a foreign-trade sone on Puget Sound. The Foreign Trade Association of Southern California, after a detailed investigation, recently recommended to the local Harbor Commission that a foreign- trade sone be established in the Los Angeles harbor area. BOARD'S ACTIVITIES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR No questions requiring formal consideration were presented to the Board during the fiscal year. The Board acted informally on a number of matters concerning the administration of the New York Zone, including approval of the Hayor's petition to withdraw Pier #75, North River, from the sone area. The Committee of Alternates held 8 number of meetings during the year to consider matters resulting 173 10 - from the temporary relocating of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone. The Committee of Alternates also ordered a hearing and report on the application filed by the Board of Commissioners Port of New Orleans, for the establishment of a foreign-trade zone at New Orleans. LEGISLATION No proposed legislation designed either to extend or restrict the activities of foreign-trade sones was introduced in the Second Session of the 78th Congress. At its last session, the Virginia State Legislature approved a bill which would authorise public corporations to apply for permission to establish and operate foreign-trade sones in the Hampton Roads area. This legislation was sponsored by the Hempton Roads Maritime Exchange. s/ Juse H. Jones Secretary of Commerce, Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zones Board. (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury. Secretary of War. Regraded Unclassified 154 APPENDIX ORDER NO. 10 IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK TO WITHDRAW PIER #75, NORTH RIVER, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FROM THE AREA DESIGNATED AS FOREIGN-TRADE ZONE #1. Pursuant to the authority contained in the Act of June 18, 1934, (48 Stat. 998; 19 U. S. C. 81-a - 81-u), the Foreign- Trade Zones Board has adopted the following order which is promulgated for the information and guidance of all concerned: Order #8, Foreign-Trade Zones Board, effective March 23, 1942 (7-F.R. 2883) authorised the City of New York, in addition to other designated locations, to establish foreign-trade sone facilities on Piers Nos. 72, 73, 74, 75 and adjacent uplands, N. R., Manhattan. Upon application of the City of New York, through its Mayor, F. R. LeGuardia, dated November 18, 1943, the Foreign-Trade Zones Board herewith withdraws all foreign-trade zone privileges extended by Order #8 to Pier #75 and adjacent upland, N. R., Manhattan. This Order is effective November 18, 1943. Jesse H. Jones, Secretary of Commerce, Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zones Board. (SEAL) Regraded Unclassified 155 January 24, 1945 Dear Mr. Grew: I am sending you, in strictest confi- dence, a photostat of the memorandum signed by the President on January 18th, in regard to the proposed legislative program in the foreign affairs field. Sincerely yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. The Honorable Joseph C. Grew, Acting Secretary of State, State Department, Washington, D.C. Regraded Unclassified 156 January 24, 1945 Dear Mr. Smith: I am sending you, in strictest confi- dence, a photostat of the memorandum signed by the President on January 18th in regard to the proposed legislative program in the foreign affairs field. Sincerely yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. The Honorable Harold D. Smith, Director, Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D.C. Regraded Unclassified THE SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON January 18, 1945 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Proposed Legislative Program There is urgent need for a comprehensive and unified program for legislation in the foreign affairs field. There is also urgent need for a small cabinet committee to sift proposals and methods and to make recommendations to you. The central factor on the Hill will be the struggle over the prerogatives of the Senate -- whether in any given case action should be by treaty, legislation, or executive agreement. Uncoordinated and unplanned action may produce a major controversy which will defeat many measures. The following matters may come up at this Session: Dumbarton Oaks proposals, after a United Nations Conference. Bretton Woods proposals. Extension of, and further funds for, the Export- Import Bank. Repeal of the Johnson Act and similar provisions affecting the Export-Import Bank. Extension of the Trade Agreements Act. Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement. St. Lawrence Seaway. Food Regraded Unclassi ifi - 2 - Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations organization on education. Civil Aviation Agreements. Privileges and immunities for international organizations. We need a cabinet general staff to recommend priority, timing, and a unified theory of constitutional powers. We recommend that: 1. The Secretaries of State and Treasury and the Director of the Budget be authorized to constitute such a committee with authority as the need arises to consult with the heads of other interested agencies. 2. Introduction of St. Lawrence Seaway legislation be postponed until the question of the form of the legislation can be worked out, and the legislation be not brought up until the whole program has been further developed. 3. Since the United Nations Conference on the Dumbarton Oaks proposals cannot meet before Spring and complete a document for ratification until late April or May, legislation on some of the listed matters should be sought before then. 4. At the earliest possible date there should be initiated the action necessary to adopt the Bretton Woods proposals. A draft message to Congress on Bretton Woods should be promptly submitted by the committee to you. - 5. The proposed committee should give immediate consideration to the time and method of initiating action on the Regraded Unclassified - 3 - on the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Export- Import Bank and other matters. 6. The Foreign Relations Committee should be advised officially that the Dumbarton Oaks proposals will be submitted to the Senate as a treaty. 7. The committee should proceed on the basis of this general outline and make concrete recommendations to you on a case-by-case basis. If you approve the proposals made in this memorandum, there is attached a draft of a letter you might send to the other departments and agencies concerned. of Secretary of the Treasury Director, Bureau of the Budget Enclosure: Draft of letter OK Latadd Nallace fath Regraded Unclassifi DRAFT Dear Mr. : I have appointed a committee to make plans and recommendations concerning priority, timing, and manner of submission for a legislative program in the foreign affairs field. The committee consists of the Secre- tary of State, Chairman, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, who have been authorized as the need arises to consult with the heads of other interested agencies. I know that I may count on your full cooperation with this committee in its work. Very sincerely yours, Regraded Unclassifi New York Times, January 2, 1945 At Least & Reminder to Chinese GREW SPURS CHINA The statement was considered at least a reminder to both Chung- TO GAIN HER UNITY king and the Communista that our good offices were available for an accord that would bring all China's forces together in the struggle against Japan. U.S. "Lending Its Best Efforts' Mr. Grew reiterated his repeated for a Chungking-Communist warnings that we must guard against any idea of concluding a Agreement, He Says compromise peace with Japan, when asked If the State Depart- ment had any information concern- Special to THE New York Todal ing the apparent growing political WASHINGTON, Jan. 23-Joseph crisis in Japan. The department, C. Grew, Acting Secretary of State, he said, had no evidence that any group in Japan had been able to said today that the United States overthrow the dominant military "has been lending its best efforts" leaders. to promote an agreement between Payment by the United States Generalissimo Chiang Kal-shek and of $210,000,000 to China, which the the Chinese Communists. Such an Treasury announced last night, agreement, he said, would be "very ended one of the most difficult and gratifying" to this country. prolonged periods of renegotiation Mr. Grew made the announce- with the Chinese and involved a ment in the form of a reply to a distinct departure from practice question at his press conference with other lend-lease nations, offi- concerning a report that an agree- cials said during the day. ment had been reached betwen the Answering in part the question Chungking Government and the why China, which receives lend- Chinese Communista. lease and counts some of her con- the Department has received tributions to the joint war against -confirmation from our Embassy Japan as reverse lend-lease, should at Chungking of the report to have the special treatment of get- which you refer of & Kuomingtang- ting cash for war-connected serv- Communist agreement," Mr. Grew ices, officials said that the services stated. "It would be very gratify- involved covered a period in ad- ing to us to learn of the consum- vance of the time when lend-lease mation of such an agreement. We and reverse lend-lease arrange- earnestly desire the development of menta with China had been con- a strong and united China. cluded. "To that end this Government Announcement by Treasury has been lending ta beat efforts to b. of service in appropriate ways, The Treasury's announcement such as through the exercise of follows: friendly good offices when re- "The United States Treasury De- quested by the Chinese, through partment has just completed trans- direct military assistance in the fer to the Republic of China of prosecution of the war against $210,000,000 in settlement for ad- Japan and through assisting vances of local currency and for China's economy to survive the supplies, services and military con- strain of war." struction furnished the United States forces in China. "This excludes certain aid fur- nished to the United States by the Chinese Government in the form of reciprocal aid. "A portion of the settlement came from United States funds already in China, a portion from funds previously placed to China's credit in the United States and the remainder in the form of a check for approximately $150,000,000 which Secretary Morgenthau gave to Dr. H. H. Kung here." The negotiations leading up to the agreement on the sum to be paid covered a period of many months. They grew out of the fact that both the United States and China did not want United States dollars in large circulation in China. American officials followed the practice of getting huge lump sums of Chinese yuan which they used to pay our troops in China and for costa connected with air- port and other construction. The agreement assumed a value for the yuan "considerably below" the official 5-cent rate.- An agree- ment used by the Chinese to try to get a higher rate was that our spending had largely contributed to Inflation in certain parts of China. Officials said the payment could be considered as settling our obli- gation to the Chinese for services and advances of currencies from the beginning of the period of our military operations there until about two months ago. 162 JAN 24 1945 Dear Mr. Crowley: Enclosed is a copy of a letter which I have sent to the Secretary of State with respect to the proposed lend-lease agreement between this Government and the Provisional Government of France. Very truly yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury. Attachment. Honorable Leo T. Crowley, Administrator Foreign Economic Administration Washington, D. C. JEDiecr - 1/22/45 Regraded Unclassified 163 Jan 23,1945- 1945- Regraded Unclassified JAN 23 1945 Dear Eds Reference is made to the letter which your Department has suggested be sent to Jean Monnet, in which is proposed a master lend-lease agreement between this Government and the Provisional Government of France. As stated in my letter of January 18, the United States should determine the extent to which we deem it appropriate that the French should use their gold and dollar exchange resources in meeting their non-munitions requirements and lend-lease aid should be programmed accordingly. It is my view that this determination should be made prior to the time that any lend-lease agreement is entered into. In that way no will have a clearer understanding of the type of program which the lend-lesse agreement contemplates, thereby avoiding basie misunderstandings with the French after the agreement is signed. I would suggest, therefore, as the first step, that your Department, our Department and the Foreign Recnomic Administration get together and agree upon the amount of French dollar and gold assets, including the holdings of the Bank of France, which we would consider to be a satis- factory position for France 80 long as she is obtaining lend-lease aid in non-munitions from this country. In arriving at such an understanding, it will be necessary to ascertain the approximate amount of dollars which the French owe us at the present time for supplies shipped to France and North Africa, as well as a reasonable estimate of the amount of dollars which the French may be expected to owe us in the near future for civilian supplies shipped to French areas under the military program. Furthermore, it would seem desirable that no land-lease agreement should be signed with the French until they have 164 - 2 . paid the dollars which they owe us for civilian supplies furnished to France and French North Africa, and until definitive arrangements are made 60 that we will actually receive periodic payments for those civilian supplies which we will be furnishing to the French in the future and which it is understood they are to pay for in dollars. I an sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Crowley. Very truly yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. H. Margethar J. Secretary of the Treasury. Home Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. Secretary of State. JEDicar - 1/22/45 Regraded Unclassified AIR 18 165 BRITISH air COMMISSION 1785 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE WASHINGTON 6, D. C. TELEPHONE DECATUR 9000 PLEASE QUOTE REFERENCE NO. With the compliments of British Air Commission who enclose Statements Nos. 171 and 172 - Aircraft Despatched - - for the weeks ended January 5th and January 12th respectively. The Honourable Henry Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury WASHINGTON, D. C. January 24, 1945. Regraded Unclassifie a 166 STATEMENT NO. 171 BRITISH/U. S. SECRET Aircraft Despatched from the United States Week Ended January 5. 1945, ASSEMBLY BY BY FLIGHT DELIVERED TYPE DESTINATION POINT SEA AIR FOR USE IN CANADA CONSOLIDATED Liberator B-VI M.E. M.E. 1 NORTH AMERICAN Mitchell II Canada Canada 1 Mitchell III U.K. U.K. 5 Mustang U.K. U.K. 10 Mustang N.W. Africa Casablanca 4 GLENN L. MARTIN Marauder III M.E. M.E. 5 - DOUGLAS Dakota IV U.K. U.K. 11 Dakota IV M.E. M.E. 1 Dakota IV India India 6 Dakota IV Canada Canada 1 BOEING Catalina VI U.K. U.K. 1 BEECH Beechcraft India Karachi 4 REPUBLIC Thunderbolt India Madras 5 VOUGHT-SIKORSKY R-4-B Helicopter U.K. U.K. 1 NOORDUYN Harvard U.K. U.K. 5 CURTISS Kittyhawk Australia Sydney 13 Total: 42 30 2 Movements F 1 R.A.F. Delegation January 11, 1945 mmb File V-11-45 Regraded Unclassified 167 BRITISH/U. S. SECRET STATEMENT NO. 172 Aircraft Despatched from the United States Week Ended Jamiary 12, 1945 ASSEMBLY BY BY FLIGHT DELIVERED TYPE DESTINATION POINT SEA AIR FOR USE IN CANADA CONSOLIDATED Liberator B-VI M.E. M.E. 1 Liberator GR-VIII U.K. U.K. 6 Liberator C-IX Canada Canada 1 GLENN MARTIN Marauder III M.E. M.E. 42 NORTH AMERICAN Mitchell II Canada Canada 1 Mitchell III U.K. U.K. 2 tang U.K. U.K. 29 DOUGLAS Dakota IV U.K. U.K. 3 Dakota IV M.E. M.E. 1 18 Dakota IV India India Dakota IV 8. Africa 8. Africa 1 Dakota IV Canada Canada 1 CATALINA Boeing U.K. U.K. 3 VOUGHT-SIKORSKY Helicopter U.K. U.K. 4 BEECH Beechcraft India Karachi 9 REPUBLIC Thunderbolt India Madras 4 Thunderbolt India Karachi and/or 10 Madras GRUMMAN Hellcat S. Africa Capetown 6 FAIRCHILD Argus N.W. Africa Algiers 4 Total: 66 77 3 * with radio equipment. Movements F 1, R.A.F. Delegation January 17, 1945. sub File V-11-45 Regraded Unclassified 168 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK January 24, 1945. CONFIDENTIAL Dear Mr. Secretary: Attention: Mr. H. D. White I am enclosing our compilation for the week ended January 17, 1945, analyzing dollar payments and receipts in official British, French, Canadian, and Australian accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Very truly yours, /s/ H. L. Sanford H. L. Sanford, Assistant Vice President. The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury, Washington 25, D.C. Enclosures 2 COPY Regraded Unclassified 169 TREASURY DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY January 25, 1945 CONFIDENTIAL Received this date from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for the confidential information of the Secretary of the Treasury, compilation for the week ended January 17, 1945, showing dollar disbursements out of the British Empire and French accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the means by which these expenditures were financed. EmB Regraded Unclassified ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AND FRENCH ACCOUNTS Strictly (In Millions of Dollars) Week Ended January 19, 1945 Confidential BANK OF ENGLAND ( BRITISH COVERNMENT) BANK OF FRANO (d) DEBITS CREDITS PERIOD Gov't Transfers to Procesds of Transfers Net Incr.(+) Net Incr. (+) Official from Other Expendi- or Decr.(-) Total Total Total Other Total Securities or Dear. (-) Official tures Canadian Account Debits Gold (Official) Australian Credits in $ Funds Debits Credita in # Funds War Years (g) Debits (a) Credits (b) Account (a) (d) (e) (n) (d) First 1,793.2 605.6 20.9 1,166.7 1,828.2 1,356.1 52.0 3.9 416.2 + 35.0 866.3 (r) 1,095,3(c) + 299.0 Second 2,203.0 1,792.2 3.4 407.4 2,189.8 1,193.7 276.0 16.7 705.4 - 13.2 38.9 8.8 - 30.1 Third 1,235.6 904.8 7.7 223.1 1,361.5 21.8 5.5 57.4 1,276.8 + 125.9 18,5 4.4 - 14.1 Fourth 764.0 312,7 170.4 280,9 1,072.3 - 0.5 155.1 916.7 + 308.3 10.3 1,0 - 9.3 Fifth 1,197.7 300,4 61,4 835.9 1,369.6 - - 253.0 1,116.6 + 171.9 - - - 1944 September 151.0 19.9 50.4 80.7 56.5 - - 1.0 55.5 - 94.5 - - - October 127.9 21.0 7.4 99.5 54.7 - - 1.0 53.7 - 73.2 - - - November 74.2 45.4 2.9 25.9 92.1 - - 1,0 91.1 + 17.9 - - - December 80.6 21.9 - 58.7 91.8 - - - 91.8 + 11.2 56.7 7 - 50.2 1945 January February March April May June July August Week Ended December 27, 1944 8.1 1.4 - 6.2 5.9 - - - 5.9 - 2.2 1.8 4.5 + 2.7 January 3, 1945 38.0 3.0 - 35.0 29.6 - - - 29.6 - 8.4 10.0 0.5 - 9.5 January 10, 1945 63.3 25.4 31.3 6.6 9.0 - - - 9.0 - 54.3 0.6 1.1 + 0,5 January 17, 1945 22.3 17.5(1) - 4.8 14.0 - - - 14.0(b) - 8.3 16.0 3.9 - 12.1 Average Weekly Expenditures Since Outbreak of War See attached sheet for footnotes, France (through June 19, 1940) $19.6 million England (through June 19, 1940) $27.6 million England (through June 20, 1940 to March 12, 1941) $54.9 million England (since March 12, 1941) 22.0 million Regraded Unclassified (a) Includes payments for account of British Ministry of Supply Mission, British Supply Board, Ministry of Supply Timber Control, and Ministry of Shipping. (b) Estimated figures based on transfers from the New York Agency of the Bank of Montreal, which apparently represent the proceeds of official British sales of American securities, including those effected through direct negotiation, In addition to the official selling, substantial liquidation of securities for private British account occurred, particularly during the early months of the war, although the receipt of the proceeds at this Bank cannot be identified with any accuracy. According to data supplied by the British Treasury and released by Secretary Horgenthau, total official and private British liquidation of our securities through December, 1940 amounted to $334 million. (c) Includes about $85 million received during October, 1939 from the accounts of British authorised banks with New York banks, prosumably reflocting the requisitioning of private dollar balances. Other largo transfors from such accounts since October, 1939 apparontly represent current acquisitions of procoods of exports from the storling area and other accruing dollar receipts. Soe (k) below. (d) Reflects net change in all dollar holdings payable on domand or maturing in one year. (o) For broakdown by typos of debits and crodits 800 tabulations prior to Harch 10, 1943. (f) Adjusted to eliminate the effect of $20 million paid out on Juno 26, 1940 and returned the following day. (g) For monthly breakdown 800 tabulations prior to April 23, 1941; October 8, 1941; October 14, 1942; September 29, 1943, September 6, 1944. (h) Includos $5.8 million apparently representing current and accumulated dollar proceeds of sterling aron services and merchandise exports, and the following transfers to British account at this banks $3.0 million and $2.0 million transferred from accounts at this bank of Reserve Bank of New Zealand and State Bank of U. Se S. Rs, respectively, also, $2.0 million transferred from account in this market of State Bank of U. S. S. Re (1) Transactions for account of Caisse Central de la France d'Outre-Mer included for first time in week ended December 6, 1944. (j) Includes $15.0 million paid to account of Commodity Credit Corporation, U. 3. Department of Agriculture. Regraded Unclassified Week Stated January 17, 1945 e Total - a 7.2 - 100 K . 1.6 - 0.2 e % - - 38.6 - 2.4 + IM 0.7 10 321 - 26 2900 December 24, 1944 15.0 0.2 14.3 41 - - - 4.7 - 10.3 - - . 0,3 - 0,3 + 0.3 January 3. 1945 14.9 - 14.9 21.6 E - - 21.6 + 6.9 2.5 - 2.5 17.7 - 17.9 + 15.2 January 10. 1945 2.8 I 2.8 20.6 of 11.3 - 8.1 + 36,8 2.6 - 2.6 0.6 - 0.6 - 2.0 January 19, 1945 16.9(0) - 16.9 21.9(g) (*)0*0t - - + 5.0 0.3 - 0.3 0.6 - 0.6 + as for of way 6.2 million. (a) For monthly breakdowns ⑉ tabulations prior to: April 23, 1941, October 8, 1941) Second year of are 8.9 million. October 14, 1942; September 29, 1943; September 6, 1944. Third year of was 10.1 million. (b) Reflects changes in all dollar holdings payable on demand or matering in one rear Pouth year of was 13,9 sillion. (c) Does not reflect t ransactions in short term U. 8. commition. FLST year of our 16,1 million. (d) Includes %8 million deposited by Mar Supplies, M. Sixth year of wer (through) January 17, 1945) 8.4 million. and $ 1.8 million received from See York agemests of Canadian below. (a) Represents sale of $10.0 million of Canadian gold to Sveriges Riksbank. Regraded Unclassified 173 January 24, 1945 My dear Lieutenant Putzell: I wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of January 22nd, transmitting a radio- telephone message from your representative in Bern. Thank you very much for sending me this information. Sincerely yours, (Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr. Lieutenant E. J. Putzell, Jr., Assistant Executive Officer, Office of Strategic Services, Washington, D.C. Regraded 1 Inclassifie RESTRICTED 174 OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES b WASHINGTON, D.C. 22 January 1945 Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr. The Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Department Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Secretary: I have thought that the attached radiotelephone message from our representa- tive in Bern may be of some interest to you. Respectfully yours, EJPubelar E. PutzelD, Jr. Lt. (j.g.) USNR Assistant Executive Officer Attachment RESTRICTED Regraded Unclassifie Form 088-69 (Revised) House OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES OFFICIAL DISPATCH DATE 20 January 1945 4269 FROM PRIORITY Berue GOM ROUTINE TO DEFERRED DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES DISTRIBUTION (FOR ACTION (FOR INFORMATION) RECEIVED IN PLAIN TEXT RESTRICTED 10-40068-1 USTRIA It 1a bich time that something be done about Austria. The resistance there, both in Vienna und the Austri..u Alps, appears to be beginning to take some shape. It 18 hard to approise the BX- tent of it, but at least there is some evidence of its existence. Since the onco. Declaration of over a year "go, little has been done to encourage the Austrian resistance movement. The absence of any oustanding Austrinn putriots abroad has been some handicep. There hug been no voice to speak for Austria and the United States, Grost Britain and Russia have largely passed the matter over in silence, except to urge the Austrions to revolt at times and under conditions when revolt 189 impossible. n1th the Russian ermies not for away, the situation 13 no: altered. The Austrions are faced with the alternative of becoming a second Hungary and Viemna a second Bu- dupest or of making it 20 uncomfort.ble for the Nazia that they 0111 decide to druss their defense lines in the Austrian Alpa to the went of the capital. There .re many difficulties in the vary of securing action by the Austriana themselves: (1) they re by asture an easy going and not an heroio people; (-) the country h:s been purposely emptied of the men and many of the omen the dight form a resistance front. These are 10 the cray or defense work, many far from their Austriam homes; (3) Austria, and in particulor Vienne, is filled with id motley crowd of foreign workers and displaced people who have no porticular fooling for will Austrium state and UTE unwilling to make socrifices for it. In the country and mountain _ress there are asny bombed-out refugees from Germany who have no interest whatever in on indepen- dent Austria; (4) there in such physical .nd mental lacaitude and depression among the people, at least in the cities, that the phy- sical energy to roact is largely gone, However, with all these obstacles it still secies worthwhile to try to urouse the Austrians to more effective opposition but this will require some encouragement on our part. Here are some ideas which occur to me: (2) the United States, RESTRICTED Regraded Inclassifie ORH Form 6thrs PAGE 178 OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES OFFICIAL DISPATCH REF. No. #269 FROM Berne TO DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES RE GPO RECEIVED Great Britain and Russie in the absence of any authoritative Austrian body which own as yet Got for Austria might constitute themselves as joint trustees, assuming the obligations to carry out the Mosdow Declaration and to constitute on independent Austrie within bounder- 1ea and under arrungement with neighboring states which would give Austria a chance to work cut 0 viable state: (2) something more should be done to impress the Austrians that every effort would be made by the Allies to save Vienna the fate of Budspest, if the Austrions themselves would take some steps to sabotage the war effort in and Ground Vienna and to n.ko Vienno generally an unhoalthy spot for the Nazis and Gestapo If Vieen 18 to become a second Budepest, the responsibility for it should be placed squarely on the Nozis; (3) a study should be w de of wid to be ziven to Austrian partisans in the mountains. In winter weather this is not easy, possibly 1m- proctical and no should not hold out false hopes. However, the end of the war is sufficiently near to amke it possibly justifiable today to encourage Maquis activities in this area. i.e have & perti- ouler interest in this 18 it might help to discourage the Nuzio from trying to make 4. last stand in is Muquis of their own based in the Austrian and Bavarian Alps. The next few weeks may have a particular importance in de- termining whether v.e can secure some aid from Austria toward short- ening the war and whether Austria oun herself do something to help achieve her own freedom. This would have real political importance in building up the self respect and national consciousness necessary to justify and consolidate independent Austrian resistance. But Austriens cannot yet start in on this course alone. i.o must find a way to give them first some morule and then if 3 resistance starts to take shape, some material uid. RESTRICTED Regraded Unclassified EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WAR REFUGEE BOARD INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE JAN 24 1945 TO Secretary Morgenthau FROM J. W. Pehle In addition to the attached letter from Milton Handler, criticisms from other sources have reached us regarding the plight of Jews in liberated Balkan countries and this Govern- ment's alleged lack of action in dealing with the situation. Although the anti-Jewish laws have been abolished in Bul- garia and Rumania, reports from Jewish sources and the press indicate that adequate measures designed to implement the revo- cation of these laws have not been taken and that several hundred thousand Jews in those countries remain in dire need. All critics in this country insist on the need to hasten emergency relief to Bulgarian and Rumanian Jews, and on speedy measures designed to restore Jews to their former property and occupations. One group of critics hopes that these measures will bring about the permanent reintegration of all Jews in the econom- ic and social life of Bulgaria and Rumania. Another group be- lieves that such a reintegration can only be successful in the case of part of the Jewish populations, and early preparations should be made to enable considerable numbers of Jews from these countries to emigrate, preferably to Palestine. Finally, part of the critics openly or covertly blame the continuing plight of the Jews in those countries on the Soviets. For your information, the following is a brief outline of the action which we have taken with respect to the situation in Ru- mania and Bulgaria: (1) Early in October, we attempted to have the Board's representative in Turkey, Herbert Katzki, go into Bulgaria and Rumania with a view to ascertaining the facts of the situation and with a view to facilitating further escape of Jews from Hungary into Rumania. We pushed State very hard on this and were finally advised on January 1st that Regraded Unclassified 178 -2- Soviet authorities in Moscow had refused to grant per- mission for Katzki's entrance into Rumania for the following reasons: (a) Rumania is considered a theater of military operations; (b) a Jewish representative is at present in Rumania to look after Jewish refugees; and (c) it is undesirable at this time to have a large number of civilians entering Rumania. (2) We also attempted to facilitate the entrance of a JDC representative into these areas in order that this organization might have a man on the spot to develop and put into operation various relief programs that had been reported urgently needed. Permission for this JDC repre- sentative to enter Rumania was likewise refused by the Russians. (3) Meanwhile, as a temporary measure, we have been facilitating the issuance of the necessary licenses to JDC for the transfer of large sums to Rumania via the JDC representative in Switzerland and we obtained the neces- sary Swiss francs. These funds are in turn transferred to William Fildermann, a well known leader of Rumanian Jewry, who has been doing JDC work in Rumania for many years. The money is used by him for urgent relief but is reported to be very inadequate. (4) Our representative in Turkey has been supplying us with numerous reports, mainly from Jewish sources, on the condition of the Jews in Bulgaria and Rumania. These reports have been sent on by us to interested private agencies and to the Intergovernmental Committee. (5) We have pressed the Intergovernmental Committee for action on its part in Rumania and we have facilitated approval by this Government of the Intergovernmental Committee's two specific proposals for assistance in Rumania. First, we approved their proposal to use the JDC as its operating agent under a scheme whereby the Intergovernmental Committee would reimburse the JDC for local borrowings made in Rumania. Second, we have just rushed through Treasury and State approval of the Inter- governmental Committee's proposal to transfer funds to Rumania via Switzerland. In the interest of speed, this was done without prior clearance with the Russians. Regraded Unclassified 179 -3- (6) The British and American Governments are now instruc- ting their representatives on the Allied Control Commission in Rumania to take up with the Commission the matter of rehabilitating Jews in that country and to request that an approach on this question be made by the Commission to the new Government of Rumania. The Intergovernmental Committee hopes to send a representative into Rumania at a later date when feasible. (7) Our facilities have been made available to various Jewish organizations in and out of Bulgaria for the ex- change of information and for the purpose of organizing relief for the Jewish population in that country. (8) Apart from what we have done since the liberation of Rumania and Bulgaria, it should not be forgotten that Ambassador Steinhardt and Hirschmann were directly respon- sible for the revocation of the anti-Jewish laws in those countries and for the migration to Palestine of thousands of Jewish refugees from those areas while still occupied by the enemy. great d O COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 180 P IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK Y School of Law January 20, 1945. Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury Washington, D. C. Dear Secretary Morgenthau: I wonder whether you have seen the various news dispatches of Joseph M. Levy concerning the plight of the Jews in Bulgaria and Rumania, which have been published in the New York Times in recent months. His latest piece ap- peared in today's Times and I am taking the liberty of en- closing a clipping herewith. From the conversations I have had with persons in and out of government I get the impression that very little is being done to save the lives of these unfortunate people. of course, there are always the defeatists who say that noth- ing can De done. Where would we be in the conduct of the war if the same attitude had prevailed? Certainly something can be done for these people if there 1s the will to help them. I appeal to you, Mr. Secretary, to give this most important matter your personal attention just as you did in the case of the establishment of the War Refugee Board. The terrible plight of these people demands bold and quick action if they are to De saved. Respectfully yours, /s/ Milton Handler MH:er Regraded Unclassified 181 ORIGINAL TEXT OF TELEGRAM SENT FROM: The Secretary of State, Washington TO: American Embassy, Quito DATED: January 24, 1945 NUMBER: 65 SECRET Reference Department's 988 of December 18, 1944. Information received by this Government emphasizes imminent danger to 147 individuals interned in Camp Belsen- bergen, near Hanover, Germany, and holding passports issued in the name of Equador, since the term of validity of such passports has expired or is near expiration. To avoid tragic loss of life, please transmit to Ecuadoran officials this Government's urgent request that the protective power of Equador be notified that the validity of the passports of the above-mentioned group at Belsenbergen has been extended and that these individuals are to be accorded protection. Please advise telegraphically of the success of your efforts. GREW Regraded Unclassified 182 GABLE TO AMBASSADOR KIRK, AMEMBASSY HOME, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD. The following item appeared in the Jewish Telegraphic Agency Bulletin, December 18, 1944: QUOTE 1,000 YUGOSLAV JEWS RETURNED HOME FROM CAMPS IN ITALY AT TITO'S REQUEST - ROME, Dec. 17 (JTA)-Approximately 1,000 Jews are among 5,000 to 6,000 Yugoslavs who have recently been returned from relief camps in Italy to their homeland at the request of Marshal Tito. Stateless persons and refugees from Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and northern Italy will be placed in the camps vacated by the Ungoslavs. Maximum use will probably be made of the camps only after the liberation of northern Italy. At present, only a few stateless persons are being moved there from camps in cantral Italy UNQUOTE Will you kindly investigate and advise the Board of the correctness of this item and furnish us with any other relevant information pestaining thereto. PJMcCormack - 1/24/45 Regraded Unclassified 183 CABLE TO MINISTER JOHNSON AND CLSEN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD. Reference is made to Department's 100 of January 18 and Legation's 128 of January 11. It appears that Vaad Hahatzala contemplates evacuation of rabbinical group from Shanghai by one of the following methods: First-exchange against suitable contingent of Japanese civilians in a Western Hemisphere country other than the United States; or Secend-everland evacuation via USSR to neutral territory, pending arrangements for permanent destination, without cuid pro que for Japan. The two methods should be kept entirely separate. First method involves negotiations via Vatican and complicated shipping and technical arrangements. The fellowing message from Jerusalem addressed to Vaad Hahatzala in New York bears on this suggestion; QUOTE CHIEF RABBI ISAAC HERZOG JERUSALEM RECEIVED MESSAGE SWEDISH GOVERNMENT MADE REPRESENTATIONS JAPAN INFORMED SCHEME REMOVING FROM SHANGHAI IMPOSSIBLE MESSAGE FROM VATICAN JAPANESE government AGREE ONLY UNDER EXCHANGE SCHEME UNQUOTE American delegate to Vatican has been asked to cable all available information on this point, and your comments thereon would also be appreciated. Regarding second method, you may inform Rabbi Welbe that Department and WRB are inquiring in Mescew whether USSR would grant transit and guarantee exit of rabbinical group in Shanghai should Japan agree to their departure overland. In case of positive reply, you will be asked to support Wolbe's Sweden. request to Swedish government for a temporary asylum for this group in THIS IS WRB STOCKHOLM CABLE NO. 298. 12:30 January 24, 1945 Miss Chauncey (for the Sec'y) Ackermann, Akzin, Cohn, Drury, DuBois, Gaston, Hodel, Marks, McCormack, Peble, Files. BAkziniar 1/24/45 Regraded Unclassified 184 CABLE TO MR. HUDDLE AND MR. MCCLELLAND, BERN, SWITZERLAND, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD. Vasd Hahatzala advised WRB of receipt of a report that two groups of Hungarian Jews numbering 7,000 and 15,000 respectively await entry into Switzerland and that their rescue depends on assurance of admission into Switzerlend. Please advise Board whether this is correct. If 30, it is assumed, of course, that you will take all appropriate steps to obtain their admission into Switzerland in accordance with Department's 240 of January 16. THIS IS WRB BERN CABLE NO. 378. 12:30 January 24, 1945. Miss Chauncey (fer the Secty) Ackermann, Akzin, Cohn, Drury, DuBeis, Gasten, Hodel, Marks, McCormack, Pehle, Files. BAkziniar 1/24/45 Regraded Unclassified 185 GABLE TO MR, HUDDLE AND MR. MCCLELLAND, BERN, SWITZERLAND, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD. URGENT The following is the substance of a cable from Mann, WRB representative in London, dated January 22, 1945: QUOTE World Jewish Congress here has been informed by its representative in Switzerland that Theresienstadt is being transformed into extermination camp. Eye witness is said to have reported that 200 to 250 Jews are dying each day at Theresienstadt and that & crematorium was erected there at a place called Nakrete. In broadcast from Moscow on January 17 former member Czechoslovak parliament is reported to have stated that Germans are transforming Theresienstadt into an extermina- tion camp on lines of Naidenek. REYNOLDS NEWS of January 21 carries a brief news item from Associated Press to the effect that American Seventh Army discovered "Nazi gas chamber containing the bodies of 6000 people of Alsace" at the entrance of Natzweile. UNQUOTE Please take all possible action in this matter along the lines of Department's 127 of January 9. THIS IS WRB BERN CABLE NO. 379. 12:30 January 24, 1945. BAksiniar 1/23/45 Regraded Unclassified 186 RS January 24, 1945 Distribution of true reading only by special 10 p.m. arrangement. (SECRET #) US URGENT AMLEGATION BERN 400 The cable below for Huddle and McClelland from Department and War Refuges Board is WRB 379. The following is the substance of a cable from Mann, WRB representative in London, dated January 22, 1945: QUOTE World Jewish Congress here has been informed by its representative in Switzerland that Theresienstadt is being trans- formed into extermination camp. Eve witness is said to have reported that 200 to 250 Jews are dying each day at Theresienstadt and that a crematorium was erected there at a place called Nakrete. In broadcast from Moscow on January 17 former member Csecho- slovak perliament is reported to have stated that Germans are trans- forming Theresienstadt into an extermination camp on lines of Maidanek. REYNOLDS NEWS of January 21 carries a brief news item from Associated Press to the effect that American Seventh Army discovered "Nasi gas changer containing the bodies of 6000 people of Alsace" at the entrance of Natsweile. UNQUOTE Please take all possible action in this matter along the lines of Department's 127 of January 9. GREW NRB:MMV:KG ACTING 1/24/45 (CLW) Regraded Unclassified 187 MFC-1764 Bern Distribution of true reading only by special Dated January 24, 1945 arrengement. (SECRET #) Ree'd 9:05 p.m. Secretary of State, Washington. 506, January 24, 3 p.m. FOR WHB FROM MCCIELLAND Kindly deliver from Field, Geneva to Uniterians Boston this message: "Thanks your recent cable through WRB. Am pushing Polish plans. Can you send socnest initial fund for travel costs and equipment delegations and token relief stock. Shall take up Spanish and colony programs as suggested but confidentially question wisdom employing Fisera pending investigation his reliability and clarification contradictory reports his role with Caschs and resistance. Desires all costs work with Uniser Company but recent interviews left unsatiafactory impression. Incidentally Fisera minor marriage apparently unsuccessful. Seperation only pertially due external circumstances. Above only for you. Assume Barkey does not insist come plete elimination from committee of Ascarate who did excellent job Geneva as liaison for Spanish sid France during illegality and organized escape non Spenish refugees behalf Jewish organisation, Uniser Company and WRB". HUDDIE aus Regraded Unclassified 188 CABLE TO AMBASSADOR HARRIMAN, MOSCOW, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD. About 500 faculty members and students of Rabbinical academy formerly located in Mir, east of Curson line, are reported to be in great distress and in danger in Shanghai, and rabbinical groups in this country are extremely anxious that these 500 persons be brought to a safe place where they may resume their teaching activities deemed to be of great importance to Jewish religious tradition. According to reports from Stockholm, Japanese minister there stated to local rabbis that Japan interposes no objection to that group leaving Shanghai provided they can be guaranteed reception in some neutral country. Accordingly, please inquire whether Soviet authorities would be willing to grant to said group transit and reasonable transportation facilities across Soviet Union and exit permits to neutral territory. Miss Chauncey (for the Sec'y) Ackermann, Aksin, Cohn, Drury, DuBois, Gaston, Hodel, Marks, McCormack, Pehle, Files. BAksinsar 1/24/45 Regraded Unclassified