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EDDRE "MONS 6262 ddd PPF 7979 file P.P.E. Ed GF HAY-ADAMS HOUSE RP COMPLETELY 797 AIR CONDITIONED washington, D.C. Feb. 2', 1442 Dear Mr. Garly: sam the after Pres Pala4/42 I have noi had the pleasure of meeting you. but I feel I newtper the now presume to irrorging ask for on appoint le. xpp79 Ment to discuss an internew with hanks The President. 0 g you I am soon going abroad as war cirrespondens -for the Saturday Evening Post, and it occurs to me that in this connection Inoght be of spe some use to Th. Rossevent. his in e. dr/dj in M -2- There are also two or three matters If you wish me to be more about The the Eactern situation specific in malury this cle- which I should like to discuss qreen I inved be qualified for with The Pren dens of the time an appoin theme to then over C6n be spared. The matter. Sincerely yours I hore not ashed for this oppor- timity before Simply because 2 Edgar flow nerer feet I had anything to soy P.S. a message by phone would of suffinent importance to occupy the Presiden's tune. how perkaps, reach me ai Senerson 1370. a letter to the above in view of my long revidence 5 address or So Henry Collins Eog. study me The the Earn, I might 3112 Rodinon Road, he t some help. P. P. Ed 7979 February 28, 1942. his Dear Mrs. Snow: in I am indeed delighted to have the e. copies of your books and also the article. xpp79-73 I have learned a great deal from them, especially about Korea. Ever so many thanks for sending them to me. *1143 With every best wish, and I do hope I shall have the pleasure of seeing you one of these days, Very sincerely yours, (Sgd) FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Mrs. Edgar Snow, # 3112 Rodman Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. fdr/dj MRS. EDGAR SNOW MUNGERTOWN ROAD R.F.D. No. I MADISON, CONNECTICUT 3112 Rodman Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. February 24, 1942. Dear Mr. President: My husband has suggested that I send you some material on Korea which I happen to have. his n I have an article coming out in Pacific Affairs, March quarterly, of which I enolose x a carbon copy. I am also sending the autobiography of a Korean, SONG OF ARIRAN, which I edited, but which is as nearly like the original story told to me as I could leave it aside from converting it into more readable English. I am also sending you a copy of my book on the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, CHINA BUIID S FOR DEMOCRACY, which was actually written X150-A for you indirectly though I never expected you to read it. I had you back in my mind all the time as the great hope for trying to get some American support for the movement. With much admiration, Very sincerely, Nym Wales Myme Wales XA (Mrs. Edgar Snow.) The Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, The White House, RPF AKB March 24, 1942. 7979 Respectfully referred for consideration and acknowledgment. M. H. McINTYRE Secretary to the President Letters to the President: Referred to the War Department. INTROCASO, Nicholas D. Jr., 779 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J., 3/19/42. Seeks position in the Intelligence Reserve or active his service of the United States Army with commission. in SUGDEN, John, Chester, Miss., 3/18/42. Wishes to serve his country e. as a pilot in the air service. Encs. (3). STEWART, Mary L., Byron, Minn., 3/18/42. Asks that the sale of liquor in the around army camps be forbidden. STRINGER, M. W. Jr., 1st Lieut. A.C:C.S.G., 1104 Mohawk St., Los Angeles, Calif., no date. Suggests creating and organizing a special unit, perhaps akin to the French Foreign Legion, for those men who have served prison sentences for commission of felonies. KING, Captain J. Olen, 1200 N. E. 102 St., lliami, Fla., 3/19/42. Encloses plan for immediate long-range delivery of pursuit aircraft to distant combat units. Enc. (1). JOHNSON, Austin G., 324 N. Bright Ave., Whittier, Calif., 3/16/42. Suggests the President read the article in March 14th Saturday Evening Post on "How to Blockade Japan" by Edgar Snow; and send a copy to Mr. Churchill. ABNEY, Mary C., 190 Alberta St., Charleston, S. 0., 3/19/42. Urges that help be sent to our boys in Bataan. GRIGNON, Neal G., 94-24 Northern Blvd., Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City, 3/19/42. Suggests creating a would be Scientific Board of Engineers and Scientist to invent, would be Buck Rogers fantastic warefare inventions to create a curiosity among our people and the Axis Nations. DENNING, James W., 215 McDaniel St., Dayton, Ohio, 3/19/42. Has an idea on a high-flying bomber. (Chief of Ordnance). PPE MCB March 26, 1942. Respectfully referred for consideration and acknowledgment. 7979 M. H. McINTYRE Secretary to the President Letters to the President, referred to the War Dept.: sergent, 0. 1=, 421 E. Lake Ave., Ladysmith, Wis., 3/18/42. Refers to article by Edgar Snow which appears in the March 14th issue of the Saturday Evening Post entitled "How to Blockade Japan." Mr. Snow says this can be done by arming and organizing the millions inside : his Asia who are against the Japanese. Writer believes this is worthy in of consideration. LEWIS, Wm., 620 N. 8th St., Fort Smith, Ark., postmarked 3/18/42. Re: se. suggestions for coastal and aerial defense. n GRAHAM, Josephine Frank, 1103 Chamberlain Hotel, Des Moines, Iowa, 3/19/42. Suggestions to help win the war. DURAN, Alfred, 790 Grand Concourse, New York, N. Y., 3/19/42. Suggestions which might be of value in defeating the enemy. Map encl. Reg. BAILEY, Ge orge H., Richmond Hill, N. Y. (no add add), 3/19/42. "In reference to my note, mailed to you 2/6/42, why the delay? Why must we cater to the War Dogs and Profiteers? By doing what my note suggests the War would be at an end in about 30 days. Reg. Letter of 2/6/42 referred to War Dept. BALCHER, F., 309 W. 53 St., I. Y. C., 3/20/42. Letter to Mr. Early calling attention to article in 11. Y. Times, by Ir. Brigham, in which it is stated, that the German General Von Heeb is said to have urgently advised the Japanese to desist from attacking Australia at present time and to concentrate on India. Refers to previous letter. BOYER, William, Captain, Iractive Reserves, c/o Northern "atch Co., 109 Enuicott Bldg., 350 Robert St., St. Paul, Minn., 3/22/42. Calls attention to source of trained manpower in Inactive Reserves which remains untapped but which S tands ready to take active part in the war effort. Cites own case. RUFFALO, Alfred, 17 Clinton St., Youngstown, Ohio, 3/23/42. Left job as Jr. Inspector at Lecumesch, Mich., because he found he was to work 8 to 12 hours per day, 7 days a week, without overtime pay. Realizes that he made is mistake and seeks aid in obtaining rein- statement SO that he may do his part in war effort. SCOTT, B. Clarice, 2108 V. Chestnut St., Louisville, Ky., 3/19/42. "I doubt whether or not my letter of 3/14/42 has reached you as yet. If it has this is to say that the matter has been cleared up in a satisfactory manner, and I have been reinstated as a field worker with the Old Age Assistance Div. of the Dept. of Velfare of our state." Referred to F. S. 4., Social Security Board. St. Paul's Chapel of the Road DIRECTED BY THE REV. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ROOT, D.D. 14/16/42 Present address Canutillo Texas they April the IIth'42 PPE To the Secretary of the President of the U.S. Washington, D.C. 7979 My dear Sir: I have just read a letter from Young Edgar Snow telling of his interview with the President-Young Snow is going in to the Far East again He is a wonderful boy. His father is a brother of my wife so my interest is intense. I should like the President to know that I an Episcopal clergyman am touring this whole Southwest in a Chapel Trailer in the interest of National Defence- I am speaking to thousand of boys and girls in the Schools urging them to buy Defence Stamps. I plan to continue clear through to the East Coast in this thrilling Defence Experirnce. Thank You Yours Very Sincerely Beryann Gauklin Root Root X P.S Will you please be 80 kind to let me know if this letter reaches you-THANK YOU. We Must Win This War April 16, 1942 My dear Dr. Root: Your letter of April eleventh has been received and will be brought to the President's attention. I know that he will be appreciative of your thought in writing to him. Very sincerely yours, M. H. McINTYRE Secretary to the President Reverend Benjamin Franklin Root, D.D., St. Paul's Chapel of the Road, Canutillo, cMc Texas. We Must Win This War "THAT FOR THE JAPS." "AXES FOR THE AXIS" "BUY DEFENSE STAMPS" A Patriotic Entertainment Mystery, Instruction, Enlightenment. Part One "REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR" Seven pleasing effects in routine displaying "E Pluribus Unum". Part Two "BUY DEFENSE STAMPS" "KEEP 'EM FLYING" Presented by "Willie Higgins", Dr. Root's "Dummy" Part Three LONDON PUNCH AND JUDY Immortal Characters of all Time. Hilarious, funny, laughable, glorious, spooky, charming. Presented by Dr. Benjamin Franklin Root. "HITLER WILL FALL" The Evil of the World swallowed up in Victory. ASCARATE SCHOOL +Ysleta Texas Friday 10-15AM April 24 The Episcopal Church In U. S. A. An American Church The Epistenal CharchinesA Ax AMERICAN CHURCH Democracy Christianity Chapel the Road Directed les Neb ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL OF THE ROAD Conducted by REV. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ROOT, D.D. The Church of two-thirds of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence-The Church of the greatest number of the Framers of the Constitution. The Church of Washington, Paul Revere, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Light Horse Harry Lee, Washington Isving, Francis Scott Key (Author of the Star Spangled Banner), Robert E. Lee, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and many others who have figured in American history. Many letters have been received concerning this "Trailer Chapel Plan" -Too numerous for space to permit full quotations. "An excellent plan."-Rt. Rev. George Craig Stewart, D. D., Late Bishop of Chicago. "An Apostolic venture".-Rt. Rev. James E. Freeman, D.D., Bishop of Washington, D.C. "An excellent idea".-Anson Phelps Stokes, D. D., one time Secretary of Yale. "A moving about ministry".-Rt. Rev. James M. Maxon, D. D., Bishop of Tennessee. "Congratulations on the work which you are doing."-Rt. Rev. Henry W. Hobson, D.D., Bishop of Southern Ohio. ASCARATE SCHOOL Ysleta Texas Friday 10-15AM April 24 USE I fell er 29, 1944 THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. MRS. BOETTIGER ON MONDAY OCT. 2nd. GENERAL WATSON TO CHECK WITH TSON 1944 PP7 bimai ord. 7979 Edgar Snow lad to read lunchtime od health So week or when- sia, India, 5 1. for the ich I ack in this tten a book, his time D. R. I hope! Le, ment or hat you ow? pp77 X en I got 1, to you (The President gave Mrs. Boettiger ng to keep a letter from Mr. Snow together le I might with 8 lengthy repòrt on Russia. 9/29/44 sia or China. Mr. Snow writes for The Saturday iday and Evening Post) 1d wish to madison, Corn. X 220-A 220 -A on "What R andom House, n.y, 0 say that eem to me a en to the ration for Respectfully Edgan snow yours, # The president of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after Dains may 26 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON fell for luncheon with you and Anna. September 29, 1944 THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. wanted to see him for half an hour appointment or You told me before you went to Hyde Park that you 3. When did you wish to see Edgar Snow? MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON 1944 PP7 I want to see Edgar Snow 7979 for a half-hour or at lunchtime lad to read od health with Anna in about a week or when- So sia, India, ever he can come down. for the 5 ich I ack in this tten a book, is time F. D. R. I hope! pp77 X en I got Le, (The President gave Mrs. Boettiger to you 1, a letter from Mr. Snow together ng to keep with 8 lengthy report on Russia. 9/29/44 le I might sia or China. Mr. Snow writes for The Saturday iday and Evening Post) ld wish to co madison, Corn. X 220-A 220 R andom House n.y, on "What 0 say that eem to me a en to the ration for Respectfully yours, Edgan snow # The President of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON fell THE CURTIS " September 29, 1944 PUBLISHING COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. MEMORANDUM FOR 1944 GENERAL WATSON PP7 7979 I want to see Edgar Snow glad to read for a half-hour or at lunchtime good health sks. with Anna in about a week or when- notinfile 10-13-44. RVS ussia, India, S t for the ever he can come down. which I 1 back in this written a book, 1 this time copy Mis memo 1, I hope! F. D. R. pP77 Le, when I got 1, X 1k to you (The President gave Mrs. Boettiger rying to keep a letter from Mr. Snow together sible I might with 8 lengthy report on Russia. 9/29/44 Russia or China. Mr. Snow writes for The Saturday Friday and hould wish to Evening Post) madison, Corn. X 220-A 220 -A ost on "What R andom House, n.y, t to say that t seem to me a open to the eparation for Sectfully yours, Edgan snow # The president of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after pr7 THE WHITE house fell washington 7979 October 12, 1944 fell THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S.A. MEMORANDUM FOR THE FILES: General Watson phoned Edgar Snow's home at Madison, Connecticut, # October 11, 1944, and was informed 1944 PP7 that Mr. Snow was overseas for several months. 7979 lad to read od health S. ssia, India, S for the nich I back in this itten a book, RB this time I hope! Le, then I got i, : to you ing to keep ble I might issia or China. Friday and buld wish to st on "What to say that seem to me a open to the paration for Respectfully Edgan snow yours, # The president of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after 26 5-22-44 Internation Respectfully referred to appr of fell THE CURTIS the President. Emil Thing PUBLISHING COMPANY Darday PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S.A. E. 1944 PP7 7979 Like millions of other people I was very glad to read that you are back in the White House in good health and ready to continue with your great tasks. Since I saw you in 1942 I have been in Russia, India, Africa: and Britain as a war correspondent for the 5 Post. Now and then I sent you messages which I thought might interest you. I have been back in this country on a leave during which I have written a book, and now I am about to go overseas again, this time direct to Moscow-and later on to Berlin, I hope! I believe you suggested I might come in when I got Le, back, and I would very much like to talk to you before leaving; but 1 realize you are trying to keep down your appointments. It is just possible I might be of some service to you, however, in Russia or China. I will b e in Washington next Thursday, Friday and Saturday, before my departure, if you should wish to see me for any reason. I read Forrest Davis' articles in the Post on "What Really Happaened at Teheran", and I want to say that the policy he attributes to you does not seem to me a "gamble", but the only course of action open to the leader of our government, other than preparation for the third world war. With sincere regards and deep esteem, Respectfully yours, Edgan snow # The president of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after Dries may 20 THE SATURDAY EVENING fell POST THE CURTIS EDGAR SNOW FOUNDED BY PUBLISHING COMPANY ASSOCIATE EDITOR PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. May 21, 1944 PP7 Dear Mr. President: 7909 Like millions of other people I was very glad to read that you are back in the White House in good health and ready to continue with your great tasks. Since I saw you in 1942 I have been in Russia, India, Africa: and Britain as a war correspondent for the Post. Now and then I sent you messages which I S thought might interest you. I have been back in this country on a leave during which I have written a book, and now I am about to go overseas again, this time direct to Moscow-and later on to Berlin, I hope! I believe you suggested 1 might come in when I got back, and I would very much like to talk to you 1e, before leaving; but 1 realize you are trying to keep d, down your appointments. It is just possible I might be of some service to you, however, in Russia or China. I will b e in Washington next Thursday, Friday and Saturday, before my departure, if you should wish to see me for any reason. I read Forrest Davis' articles in the Post on "What Really Happaened at Teheran", and I want to say that the policy he attributes to you does not seem to me a "gamble", but the only course of action open to the leader of our government, other than preparation for the third world war. With sincere regards and deep esteem, Respectfully yours, Edgan snow # The President of the United States The Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt after 20 OTHER wome STATE may 26 THE SATURDAY or 27 EVENING POST EDGAR SNOW THE CURTIS FOUNDED BY ASSOCIATE EDITOR PUBLISHING COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A. e May 21, 1944 Dear Mr. Early: I am enclosing a letter to the rresident and I would be grateful if you would kindly deliver it. If Mr. Roosevelt should wish to see me, I can nts be reached at the rost till Thursday; qfter that I will be in Washington at the Hay-Adams House till Saturday night. With all good wishes, me Яdga Sincerely Snow yours, ttle, ded, Mr. Stephen T. Early White House n om pp7 EDITORIAL ROOMS 7979 THE SATURDAY 1944 EVENING POST BEN HIBBS FOUNDED BY THE CURTIS EDITOR upon PUBLISHING COMPANY have PhILADELPHIA 5 the tropole Hotel by MOSCOW, them August 14, 1944 Dear Miss Le Hand: per. is one The President suggested that I might write him a letter, giving him my impressions on my return to Moscow. I have probably far "overfulfilled the but the plan", as the Russians would say. If it should fall the place, to your lot to digest the letter, please excuse the sy to go typing and the paper. They are the best I can do ancing at with the material available. a few points I wrote a book recently, called "People on Cur Pide" and thinking it might interest you I asked the pub- by the lishers to send you a copy. It was chosen by the all. I came Book of the Month Club, so if you are a member of ne victory that worthy institution you will probably find yourself of the battle, snowed under, all things, including this letter, con- re surrounded, sidered. isred. It ite, then. All the best to you--and thanks for guiding me into n, and you the right entrance in the Oval Room! fferent xpression Sincerely yours, crubbed from X220-A the winter _dgar Snow # 1944 20 COMANDAMENTUL ARMATEI Rosu upon BP DOUE DECI 500027 20 have the by BP 500027 them PRIMIRE 2011 per. ÎN TOATE PLATILE ESTE is one OBLIGATOARE 1944 Here I shall write to you in rathel but the general appearance of things, and about the "feel" of the place, as compared with my last visit. But if you are too busy to go through all these lines you might then save time by glancing at the last page, where I shall try to summarize and make a few points which I think might possibly interest you. First, I should say my impression this time is colored by the fact that I hadn't seen Russia before in the summer at all. I came here late in October, 1942, and left not long after the victory at Stalingrad--which I visited twice during the course of the battle, once when I got to the outskirts, after the Germans were surrounded, and the second time after Marshal Paulus had surrenderder ed. It was a cold half-twilit country masked everywhere in white, then. In Moscow it grew dark at four or five in the afternoon, and you seldom saw the sun. Now, in the summer, it seems a different country, altogether different.in appearance and in the xpression people wear on their faces. The camouflage has been scrubbed from tense scowl everyone wore in the winter Do From: Edgar Snow Correspondent, The Saturday Evening Post Moscow August 14, 1944 Dear Mr. President: You were kind enough to ask me to write you my impressions upon my return to Moscow and Russia, and this is the attempt. I have been back here now for nearly two months, and that is about the time-limit for impressions; after that one has to be struck by everyday things in some unusually dramatic combination for them to arrest attention and cause reflection, apparently. I trust you will excuse me for writing on such wretched paper. There is still a severe shortage in many items, and paper is one of them. even this stuff is strictly rationed. Here I shall write to you in rather leisurely manner about the general appearance of things, and about the "feel" of the place, as compared with my last visit. But if you are too busy to go through all these lines you might then save time by glancing at the last page, where I shall try to summarize and make a few points which I think might possibly interest you. First, I should say my impression this time is colored by the fact that I hadn't seen Russia before in the summer at all. I came here late in October, 1942, and left not long after the victory at Stalingrad--which I visited twice during the course of the battle, once when I got to the outskirts, after the Germans were surrounded, and the second time after Marshal Paulus had surrenderdsred It was a cold half-twilit country masked everywhere in white, then. In Moscow it grew dark at four or five in the afternoon, and you seldom saw the sun. Now, in the summer, it seems a different country, altogether different in appearance and in the xpression people wear on their faces. The camouflage has been scrubbed from buildings--and the grim, tense scowl everyone wore in the winter also seems largely scrubbed away. Part of this is just summer with its warmth and light; Russian character changes with the seas- ons. But a lot of it is attributable to the consciousness of vic- tory, the feeling that the worst is over, the confidence that there will be a future when everything will be better--nothing could be worse-than life has offered during the past three years. People here seem to be following the war less closely now that the offensive has reached Poland and our own forces are hammer- ing toward Paris. They are thinking more about post-war problems, though publicly there is little discussion of them. The average man, the anonymous citizen, is thinking now quite intently about his long-neglected needs: a new pair of shoes, a new suit, repairs for his leaking roof, a shorter working hour and some leisure, and above all--enough to eat. HOW they all long for peace! Now that it seems near the privations appear to be getting harder to bear. everyone is tired, tired; and the difference is that now people often talk about it. People in the forties, working for three years without a rest, realize that they have aged ten or 15 years in that period. All kinds of ailments are afflicting them--teeth falling out, arthritis, eyes going bad, a lot of the diseases of an age older than they are, accellerated by semi- starvation for this long period, and by overwork. --2-- The government has taken some recognition of this near-end of endurance in the public, and some concessions to it are being made. Commercial stores are opened where people can buy un- rationed goods, Older women, and old men, are getting brief vacations. Some commercial restauwants are open. Parks are open and there are frequent concerts. Much of Moscow manages to spenda day Dr two in the country--where many city people keep vegetable gardens. These are very important here, the difference literally between life and death. For despite the increase of crops, the opening of commercialstores, the majority of the population still lacks enough to eat. so-called commercial Goods in the/stores are not sold at rationed prices but at prices approximating those in the back market, which is a measure of real value in terms of exchange of goods for labor. Thus, while the rationed price of a good pair of shoes might be 100 to 400 roubles, the same pairsof shoes in the commercial stores sell for from 2,000 to 4,000 roubles--which is $400 to $800 a pair, at official exchange rates, The stores now carry nearly everything in the way of light consumers goods and queques form before the entrances early in the day and cling to them all day long. Across the street from my hotel there is a queque lead- ing to a big department store and it sometimes reaches entirely round the big city block. "What could people want that is so important to them they will stand there, rain or shine, all day long?" I asked. We went over to investigate and found that nearly everyone in that queque was waiting to buy either shoes, raincoats, or rubber shoes, or houshhold articles such as kitchen pans, pots, dishes, glasses, spoons, etc. In the Bolshoi Theater the other night I took a friend into the restaurant and bought two glasses of tea and two eclairs. Last years we could not. have bought that at all. Now they the tea and eclairs cost me the equivalent of $25. Here at the hotel I have the floor maid do my laundry. For washing a couple of shirts and half a dozen handkerchiefs I pay her a loaf of bread, 200 grams of bodka and some cigarettes, She prefers that payment to what she would charge me in C ash--100 rbss., or about 20 at official exchange rates. MOSCOW now has more people than before the war, when the popula- tion problem was already serious, with over four million inhabitants. It is harder to get a room in the city than it is to get into the Kremlin--almost literally. I know couples who have gone on living as man and wife for years because neither could get a bed anywhere else. Since the new divorce law makes it even more difficult to get a divorce than to find a room, those who had been counting on a separation as soon as they could solve the housing problem are now resigned to looking at an unwelcome spouse across the few inches of intervening space for the rest of their lives. Onesees large numberxix numbers of demobilized cripplies in the streets nowadays. Yesterday I went to one of the parks--the Gorki Park of Culture, out by the Moscow River, where there is a very impressive exhibition of war trophies: tanks, guns, air- planes, transport of all kinds, and from all countries of Burope. --3-- Yet of as I walked in and around this display of booty I were and artificial limbs, and I realized at what price the trophies soldiers from a nearby hospital, trying out their new saw crutches dozens purchased. It seems there were more armless and legless men in the park than men still whòle--and so many of the crippled were very young, with hardly a down on their chins. These are only the first of the harvest of Hitler's madness to show up again in the capital. One hears people say that they are afraid the soft-hearted folks at home will soon forget the terror loosed by Nazism, but I don't think they will soon forget here. There will be too maný smashed bodies in evidence everywhere, for another them. generation, for Russians to forget what the victory cost Certainly it is hard to find a Russian who has not sacrificed at least one member of his immediate family in the maw of this war. While I have been away many of my acquaintances have had new tragedy heaped on tragedy. My teacher had lost her son, and now she has also lost her husband; her hair has turned gray while I was gone. The two maids who look after my room in thehotel have both lost their husbands, and neither has heard from her son, in the army, for more than a year. The other evening I visited Zoya Feodorova, the movie star, and her sister. These girls have lost their father and their only brother, and both of them have lost their husbands. Yet their sorrow seemed to make them all the more determined to live--just as the loss of arms and legs couldn't keep the soldiers I saw in the Park from singing and applying themselves to learning new tasks. Zoya and her sister were engr energetically trying to learn nglish and at the end of a long working day they spent two or three hours reading about "Hans and his Ice Skates" and "Bill, the Chimney-Sweeper.' The Russians don't mope; if they did the whole country would be now engaged in moping. People like Zoya and her sister, millions of middle aged women and many of them with young children, have to resign themselves to living the rest of their lives without husbands; very probably they won't be able to remarry. Millions of young women, too, may have to go through life as spinsters, The new divorce laws, intended to stabilize the family in what is frankly recognized will be a difficult post-war period, will make it even more difficult for women to acquire even second-hand husbands. At the same time it won't penalize unmarried mothers, who will receive the same benefits accorded to married ones. In view of the rather grim outlook, therefore, there is some ten- dency among people of imagination, and in the intelligentsia, to want to get abroad, if not to emigrate at least to be able to see some other part of the world where life is less sombre. There are evidences that the government does intend to promote broader constacts between Russians and Americans and englishmen. Part of the appearent hesitancy on Russians part to mingle freeyy is obviously due to their lack of preparation for mixing in Anglo-American society. Now there is an almost feverish effort 4 to prepare younger people, and selected older people, for meeting our world on its own cultural level. English language study is compulsory in the middle schools and is the most popular language now in colleges and universities. Students in the techhnicums at least learn a technical vobaculary in Bnglish suited to their tasks. muropean manners are now also being taught in the middle schools, where girls learn how to manage households properly, how to eat in accordance with the dictates of mily Post, and all that nglish and American girls are supposed to learn at finishing school. In the Suvorov schools and in boys schools generally much emphasis is placed on manners and etiquette, The press generally has been friendly in its comments on our war effort everywhere. There is little of the underlying sus- picion and sarcasm which marked editorial writing last year. Of course the Red Army still receives the major credit for the smashing of nazism, but quite generous praise is being xada given now to Allied armies, especially to the American forces in France, More and more articles of a purely informative nature are appear- ing about America and Britain; and somewhat more space is given to reporting the war in the Pacific. One now sees, more frequently, the crossed flags of Britain, America, Russia and China in display. One more often hears the allies' national anthems played. The only place I have heard the International played since my return here was, oddly enough, at the Race Track a few Sundays ago, when the Russian equivalent of a National Derby was held--a trotting race between prize horses from state and collective cattle farms. I find, in conversation with Russians, a much greater readiness to concede the importance of American help in Russian victory than the press and the government comment would seem to justify. Russians see American foods on display in the stores, they see American cars and trucks in the streets carrying Red Army men, they see American clothing in the stores and see refugees wearing it. A lot of these goods have never been used in Russia before and there has never been such an extensive distribution of Axe foreign goods of any kind among the people. So many have exaggerated ideas of the American contribution. In this way government reluctance to admit the value of our help, in the past, seems to be proving a boomerang. I have had Russians tell me that they think as much as as 80 or 90 percent of all the Red Army's supplies have come from America! There is a general expectation here that Russia is going to enter the Far Bastern war, principally because the government wants to please America! At least I have encountered a number of Russians who have this idea. Why does the government wish to please the U.S.A.? First, it is obligated to America for our help, secondly it wants our help in the future and cannot get along without it. I would not say there is much real enthusiasm for the idea of fighting Japan--rather it is public resignation to the inevitability of it. The public doesn't want any more war and would prefer to stay out of the war in the Pacific. But among the army officers and the navy officers it is another matter. There is an apprec- iation amongst them of the advantages to be gained, and миадаукх --5-- about nowadays they speak, often, quite openly to us correspondents "turning on the Japs when Hitler is licked. At the Red Army colonel, "to the day when Hitler is hanged and Red front near Kursk one of the correspondents made a toast to a Army men can go home to rest." The colonel corrected him, "We Hitler is kaput!" still have another job to do in the Far wast," he said, "after When I was in Rumania with the Red Army I had the unique ex- perience of translating, into nglish which was then translated into Russian, a toast made by a visiting Chinese correspondent, appealing for Russian aid against Japan. "When NE I was at Stalingrad," the Chinese said, "I made my first toast to a Red Army general, to General Chuikov, to thank him for defeating Hitler which was also a good turn for China. Now I think events have moved far enough to make this toast: to the day when victory over Germany is achieved, and the day when Russia, Britain and China and American can together finish the Pacific war. I was a little uneasy about translating what seemed to me an undiplo- matic toast--it would have been considered so a year ago--but the Russian officers sprang to their feet and drank to it with enthusiasm. In Rumania, incidentally, I found that the war itself, and the Red Army occupation, were automatically solving many of the economic and political questions left by the bankruptcy of the Antonescu regime. In effect the new regime is carrying out an orderly change, which under other circumstances might be called a revolution. It is confiscating the property of all Antonescu sympathizers, who include practically all the Rumanian capitalists except the Jews. In the case of industrial establishments the governmentz is taking over nominal ownership, while the revived trade unions seem to have most responsibility for management, and in the case of landed estates the farms are parcelled out among the tenants. This is laying the foundation for a kind of social-democratic regime, in which the Rumanian Communist Party plays a role, but not an exclusive role. Small business is still in private hands and the church has not been interfered with. I send you herewith an "occupation note" issued by the Ruman Red Army in Rumania. This is worth one rouble, or worth five Rumanian lei. Before the war a Rumanian lei was worth U.S. .01 I believe. The Russian occupation lei is used for the purchase of Red Army supplies and cir culates among Rumanians-but the black market rate is only slightly higher on these Russian lei than on the Antonescu Rumanian lei. In general the pattern of economic and political life likely to develop in Rumania probably anticipates what will follow in all the Balkan countries, Equalization of land ownership to the tillers, and abolition of large estates; confiscation of all large industry by the government; small trading and enter- prise in private hands; coalition governments consisting of representatives of peasant and worker parties, and of the in- telligentsia, with little or no voice for former capitalists, most of whom were in one way or another tied xx in with the Axis set-up. 6 This pattern is pretty much what the newly organized Free Polish Committee seems to want in Poland, too, The London Poles, when they were here (Mikolajczyk, Grabski and nomer) said that they did not have any radical differences with the program of reform which was announced by the Free Polish Committee: the redistribution of the land and establishment of govmernment ownership of large industry, But it was evident from their conversation that they are inclined to go much more slowly than the Free Poles wish to go. What they really want apparently is to defer the settlement of all questions, internal as well as frontier, until after the war, when they think they can mobilize both Polish opinion and Anglo-American intervention (political and diplomatic) on their side in negotaating the estgblishment of friendly relations with Russia. Sir Archibaad Clark-Kerr considers that Mikolajczyk made a big mistake when he left here without any agreement. The terms will be much sif stiffer if and when he returns. It is my im- pression that the main factor in the Russians' rather tolerant attitude--in view of their urgent need for a Polish settlement --toward the London Poles is the Kremlin's desire not to embarr- ass the British and American governments, and particularly not to give the opposition to Roosevelt an opportunity to exploit the Polish issue in the coming election. Comment in the press, and remarks in conversation with Russians (which are not always exactly the same thing, even though such a thing as "private" conversation hardly exists here) show quite clearly that the Kremlin looks with alarm and disfavor on the possibility of a Republican victory in the Novemb er poll. Americans have been quite surprised to note how frankly pro-Democrat most Russian comment on the candidates has been. The Russians have not hesitated to point out the "reactionary" character of the Republican ticket and candidates as compared to the "progressive" Democrats. There is nat no doubt that the average citizen here would consider it little short of a disaster if Dewey won, that is to say the "average citizen" who follows international politics. I am told by Russian acquaintances that in the discussions and debates held in factories and farms, led by Communists, the foregoing interpretation of the American elections' is being made quite officially. To sum up: 1) The Russian people generally are convinced that the worst is over. There is a little loosening of belts, a little relax- ing; there is more thinking, both in government circles and among the people, about everyday human needs and about the tasks of peace. There are more goods for sale--and the hope of more food. 2) Tragedy stalks every family but there is little tendency to mope. There is a trmendous will to live in the Russians. People who die so well for a cause seem to cling all the more March 2. 1945 --7-- fiercely the to life, when they are spared it, I predict Russians will turn to the tasks of peace with about that same one energy they have applied to winning the war, More the this Russian has said to me, "We have learned how to work than during back war. We have mastered the machine. We will never go to the old ways. If Pierre a four Cot, who was in the French Cabinet before the habilitation he methods. He told me, when he came back, that months trip visit the recovered areas and studyin war, made g re- dustrial of output within five years. He said their pre-war planning was was convinced the Russians would recover their in- reconstruction generally had been fitted into a long-view scheme of things, SO that the actual reconstruction of all the ruined cities might take 15 years. But with the gains of the war, the accellerated development of industry in the west and the accumulation of industrial experience, plus long-view planning, "Russia will be growing and developing at a faster rate 15 years from now than it would have been able to do had there never benna war." 3) The public wants peace more than anything else. All Russians are dead tired. There is little enthusiasm among the populace for a war against Japan. But everyone expects that the govern- ment will enter the Pacific war. The army is, to some extent, enthusiastic about the idea of licking Japan, So is the navy. The public is resigned to a Russo- apanese war and many think it is part of the price Russia must pay for American aid. Russians are very grateful for that help. They are especially grateful for the help our American flyxers are giving them and there is a new fix friendliness in their attitude toward Americans especially. An American uniform now brings a quick saulte from Russian officers--and often a smile as well. 4) The process of the war itself, the advance of the Red Army and the flight of Hitler sympathizers, creates in Bastern surope a situa kind of political vaccuum in which a new type of govern- ment will emerge, not democratic in our sense, not soviet commun- ism either, and certainly not fascist. The new regimes in all these eastern -uropean states will probably consist largely of representatives of peasant and worker parties, and intelligentsia, and they will carry out a social-democratic program of land redistribtion, government ownership of big industry, and private enterprise in small business. 5) The Russians are laying down some fundamental plans looking toward long-term cooperation with America. They want it and expect it and they don't intend to carry out any policies which will, unnecessarily, provoke anti-Soviet feelings in Americans. 6) But there is no indication that this country intends to abandon its own system, or rewrite Marxist-Leninist-Stalism-- to employ their awkward phrase for the ruling philosophy. There is, if anything, renewed emphasis on the study of Marxism. There --8-- is no sign of the party grasp of affairs, in all phases of Russian life, losing its strength. There is, on the contrary, evidence that the party intends to reimpose its strict code of knowledge and conduct on all its membership--particularly in the army, where tens of thousands of new Communists have been taken in during the war. 7) The only respect in which I notice a dramatic change that represents a sharp departure from practice here in the past is a noticeable spread of anti-Semetism. even a year ago one rarely heard anti-Jewish remarks from Russians and I never heard Jews complain of discrmmination. Now, I am sorry to say, there. is a lot of this, not as much as in America, but still very perceptible. Jews have complained to me that they find it very hard to get government jobs, or jobs of any kind, I have heard Russians make ren arks to the effect that the Jew always finds a way to keep out of the front-line, that the Jew stays at home and speculates while the Russian fights, that the Jew is cunning and crafty while the hussian is pure and brave, etc. The fact that they make such remarks to a foreigner shows how widespread and matter-of-fact this kind of conversation must be. People with whom I have discussed this phenemenon believe it will be temporary; one of the commissars (Shcherbakov) has already made a radio speech against racial animosity. Men are sometimes arrested and fined for making anti-Jewish remarks in public, the national law makes such behavior a criminal offensixe, Generally the growth of anti-Semetism is attributed to; 1) effectiveness of Hitler's propaganda among the villages of occupied Russia; 2) overemphasis on Russian nationalism, which has made Russians more race-conscious than they have been since the revolution. I have skipped many important subjects--but this was supposed to be merely a letter giving "impressions." 11 If I thought a line of it might prove of any help to you I would be richly repaid. I would like to know, if you find time, whether you receive it. Please let me know if I can be of any service to you whatever. One point may interest you. I arranged with my town council, in Madison, Connecticut, to have my ballot sent to me here in Moscow, where I will cast my vote in the national election. After a canvas here among the mission people and other Americans, I find I am the only person with such plans. If the ballot arrives I will send it in and thus probably be the first American in history to vote for a president of the United States, from the territory of Russia. My vote, needless to say, is going for FDR. With all good wishes for your continued good health and brilliant leadership, Very The Honorable, Edw sincerely yours Snow The President of the United States Mr. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Washington, D.C. file THE WHITE house WASHINGTON December 21, 1944. pps 7979 MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON: The President said he would see Mr. Edgar Snow right after the first of the year. # G.G.T. President indicated could not see 12/00/44 11. no Would Edgar Grace you Snow tells care right to after have you him the would come first like in of to the see Year. Mr. next week? fire December 21, 1944. pps 7979 MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON: The President said he would see Mr. Edgar Snow right after the first of the year. G.G.T. MHILE HO GF HAY-ADAMS HOUSE COMPLETELY AIR CONDITIONED WASHINGTON, D.C. December 20, 1944 Dear Miss Tully: I just arrived from Russia, by way of a lift in General Paul Spalding's plane, and I am going to be home for a few weeks before going back on an assignment to southern Europe. I know the President is extremely busy and I'm sure he is very well informed on everything in Russia. If by any chance he thinks it would serve any useful purpose for me to see him, however, this is just to say I am here and would be delighted, I hope to go up to Connecticut in a few days for Christmas-- probably Thursday. What I am wondering is whether you ever received the letter I sent to you from Moscow, and which I foolishly addressed to Miss LeHande! I'm very sorry about that and I never met Miss LeHande, but the letter was already off to the President before I. woke up to my error. With apologies, and best wishes Sdgar from Sincerely yours, (of Saturday Evening Post) Edgar Snow March 2, 1945 MEMORANDUM FOR THE FILES: Mr. Snow attended the President's press pl7 and radio conference this morning. He remained lub afterwards and saw the President for a few minutes, with Mr. Daniels. 7979 M. Lorenz X36 March 1, 1945 self-explanatory. I enclose a note to the President, which is If it can be arranged, I would like to attend the press conference tomorrow, and afterward have a short time with the President. Please excuse this late request. I have only today arrived in Washington, from California. I will phone you tomorrow, for a reply. If you wish to contact me, earlier, I can be reached at ME 5656, or at DI 1967. With thanks for your attention to this request, Adu Sincerely Snow Edgar Snow # Reperon Rep pl7 National Press Club Washington 7979 March 1, 1945 Dear Mr. Daniels: I enclose a note to the President, which is self-explanatory. If it can be arranged, I would like to attend the press conference tomorrow, and afterward have a short time with the President. Please excuse this late request. I have only today arrived in Washington, from California. I will phone you tomorrow, for a reply. If you wish to contact me, earlier, I can be reached at ME 5656, or at DI 1967. With thanks for your attention to this request, Sincerely Edgar Snow # Reperon feb National Press Chich Washington March 1, 1945 Dear Mr. President: I am in town for a couple of days, and would like to attend your press conference tomorrow, if it can be arranged. In your note, some weeks ago, you suggested that you might be free to see me some time after the next Big Three meeting. I am about to turn over copy to the Post, on some articles about Russia and my last trip there, on subjects which have been affected by the Yalta Conference, and perhaps you could give me a few minutes after your remarks to the press tomorrow, to clear up a few points, in the way of off-the-record background remarks. I am sending this note to Mr. Daniels, and will ask him, if I can attend the press conference tomorrow, for your answer. With all best wishes, Sincerely yours, yours, Edgar Snow Ass. Editor, The Saturday Evening Post The President of the United States The White House mpk ELY, Certrude Bryn Hawr. Pennsylvania April 3, 1941 Wrote to the President calling attention to enclosed article "China's Blitsbuilder, Rewi Alley*, by Migar Snow. - Hon. Lauchlin Currie replied on April 9, 1941, thanking Has My for the article, and affirming their natual interest in and admiration for the work of the Chiness/Industrial Cooperatives. Says this movement will grow to accompleih & great doal more, An peacetine as well ne during the war effort. - Attached is President's namo of April 7. 1941, to Hon. Lauchlin Currie TO reply. SEE - 150-A PPF 7979 CURRIE, lion. Lauchlin Feb. 26, 1942. The President, by memo., referred for his information and asked that it be returned for the President's files - Folder containing "Meno To the Pres- ident from Edgar Snow - Subject: The Role of a Federation for Asiatie Democracy, Here in America, in Increasing the Effectiveness of Political Warfare." SEE 4675-Misc. (Official File) (Box x 23) AS P.P.F. 7979 URRIE, Hon. Lauchlin Oct. 21, 1942. E Sends the President two memo. one in RE: INDIA - the other in RE BURMA. These reports were sent to Mr. Currie by Edgar Snow. States he (Mr. Snow) had gotten his report on Burma from & young Burman and that the report indicates a growing disillusionment in Burma on which we should be able to capitalize. The President, Oct. 22nd, sent a memo. to Mr. Currie thanking him for letting him see the following: Report from Edgar Snow - "India At The End of September, 1942", and report from Edgar Snow - "Report on Burma, July, 1942", from Delhi, September 15, 1942. The President said he thought the report on India was very amateurish and that the report on Burma while very interesting had a very high percentage of sweeping,all-inclusive statements which make one pause. SEE 48-H (Official File) AS P.P.F. F. 7979 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT FROM Wayne Coy, Pureau of the Budget January 26, 1943 Encloses letter to the President from Edgar Snow, correspondent for the Saturday Evening Post, reminding the President that he met Mr. Snow following a press conference some months ago and the two talked about the Far East. In the attached letter, Mr. Snow tells of the affect of our fighting in North Africa on the Russian people. Gives suggestions on further uniting the Russians and Americans. PPF vsr SEE - 4287 7979 HIBBS, Ben, Editor, The Saturday Evening Post, Phila., Pa. 5-31-44 Letter to Gen. Watson, that Edgar Snow, associate editor and foreign correspondent of The Saturday Evening Post, tells him that the President expressed a wish to see his article on the Chinese guerrillas. Is enclosing tear sheets of the article, which will appear in their issue of June 10th. (article filed.) see 4287 Memorandum from Gen. Watson to 8 the President, submitting to him above article. PPF br 7979 PPF 7979 For Edgar Snow's letter of 12-28-44 enclosing his notes on a confidential conversation with Litvinov, 10-6-44, and FDR's reply of 1-2-45 SEE: P.S.F.: Russia.

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    "ocrText": "EDDRE \"MONS\n6262 ddd\nPPF\n7979\nfile\nP.P.E. Ed\nGF HAY-ADAMS HOUSE RP\nCOMPLETELY\n797\nAIR CONDITIONED\nwashington, D.C.\nFeb. 2', 1442\nDear Mr. Garly: sam the after Pres Pala4/42\nI have noi had the pleasure of\nmeeting you. but I feel I newtper\nthe\nnow presume to irrorging ask for on appoint\nle.\nxpp79\nMent to discuss an internew with\nhanks\nThe President.\n0\ng you\nI am soon going abroad as war\ncirrespondens -for the Saturday Evening\nPost, and it occurs to me that in\nthis connection Inoght be of\nspe some use to Th. Rossevent.\nhis\nin\ne.\ndr/dj\nin M\n-2-\nThere are also two or three matters\nIf you wish me to be more\nabout The the Eactern situation\nspecific in malury this cle-\nwhich I should like to discuss\nqreen I inved be qualified for\nwith The Pren dens of the time\nan appoin theme to then over\nC6n be spared.\nThe matter.\nSincerely yours\nI hore not ashed for this oppor-\ntimity before Simply because 2\nEdgar flow\nnerer feet I had anything to soy\nP.S. a message by phone would\nof suffinent importance to occupy\nthe Presiden's tune. how perkaps,\nreach me ai Senerson 1370.\na letter to the above\nin view of my long revidence 5\naddress or So Henry Collins Eog.\nstudy me The the Earn, I might\n3112 Rodinon Road,\nhe t some help.\nP. P. Ed\n7979\nFebruary 28, 1942.\nhis\nDear Mrs. Snow:\nin\nI am indeed delighted to have the\ne.\ncopies of your books and also the article.\nxpp79-73\nI have learned a great deal from them,\nespecially about Korea. Ever so many thanks\nfor sending them to me. *1143\nWith every best wish, and I do\nhope I shall have the pleasure of seeing you\none of these days,\nVery sincerely yours,\n(Sgd) FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT\nMrs. Edgar Snow, #\n3112 Rodman Street, N. W.,\nWashington, D. C.\nfdr/dj\nMRS. EDGAR SNOW\nMUNGERTOWN ROAD R.F.D. No. I\nMADISON, CONNECTICUT\n3112 Rodman Street, N.W.,\nWashington, D.C.\nFebruary 24, 1942.\nDear Mr. President:\nMy husband has suggested that I send\nyou some material on Korea which I happen\nto have.\nhis\nn\nI have an article coming out in Pacific\nAffairs, March quarterly, of which I enolose\nx\na carbon copy.\nI am also sending the autobiography of\na Korean, SONG OF ARIRAN, which I edited, but\nwhich is as nearly like the original story told\nto me as I could leave it aside from converting\nit into more readable English.\nI am also sending you a copy of my book\non the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, CHINA\nBUIID S FOR DEMOCRACY, which was actually written\nX150-A\nfor you indirectly though I never expected you\nto read it. I had you back in my mind all the\ntime as the great hope for trying to get some\nAmerican support for the movement.\nWith much admiration,\nVery sincerely,\nNym Wales Myme Wales\nXA\n(Mrs. Edgar Snow.)\nThe Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt,\nThe White House,\nRPF\nAKB\nMarch 24, 1942.\n7979\nRespectfully referred for consideration and acknowledgment.\nM. H. McINTYRE\nSecretary to the President\nLetters to the President: Referred to the War Department.\nINTROCASO, Nicholas D. Jr., 779 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.,\n3/19/42. Seeks position in the Intelligence Reserve or active\nhis\nservice of the United States Army with commission.\nin\nSUGDEN, John, Chester, Miss., 3/18/42. Wishes to serve his country\ne.\nas a pilot in the air service. Encs. (3).\nSTEWART, Mary L., Byron, Minn., 3/18/42. Asks that the sale of\nliquor in the around army camps be forbidden.\nSTRINGER, M. W. Jr., 1st Lieut. A.C:C.S.G., 1104 Mohawk St., Los\nAngeles, Calif., no date. Suggests creating and organizing\na special unit, perhaps akin to the French Foreign Legion,\nfor those men who have served prison sentences for commission\nof felonies.\nKING, Captain J. Olen, 1200 N. E. 102 St., lliami, Fla., 3/19/42.\nEncloses plan for immediate long-range delivery of pursuit\naircraft to distant combat units. Enc. (1).\nJOHNSON, Austin G., 324 N. Bright Ave., Whittier, Calif., 3/16/42.\nSuggests the President read the article in March 14th Saturday\nEvening Post on \"How to Blockade Japan\" by Edgar Snow; and\nsend a copy to Mr. Churchill.\nABNEY, Mary C., 190 Alberta St., Charleston, S. 0., 3/19/42. Urges\nthat help be sent to our boys in Bataan.\nGRIGNON, Neal G., 94-24 Northern Blvd., Jackson Heights, Queens,\nNew York City, 3/19/42. Suggests creating a would be Scientific\nBoard of Engineers and Scientist to invent, would be Buck Rogers\nfantastic warefare inventions to create a curiosity among our\npeople and the Axis Nations.\nDENNING, James W., 215 McDaniel St., Dayton, Ohio, 3/19/42. Has an\nidea on a high-flying bomber. (Chief of Ordnance).\nPPE\nMCB\nMarch 26, 1942.\nRespectfully referred for consideration and acknowledgment.\n7979\nM. H. McINTYRE\nSecretary to the President\nLetters to the President, referred to the War Dept.:\nsergent, 0. 1=, 421 E. Lake Ave., Ladysmith, Wis., 3/18/42. Refers\nto article by Edgar Snow which appears in the March 14th issue of the\nSaturday Evening Post entitled \"How to Blockade Japan.\" Mr. Snow\nsays this can be done by arming and organizing the millions inside\n: his\nAsia who are against the Japanese. Writer believes this is worthy\nin\nof consideration.\nLEWIS, Wm., 620 N. 8th St., Fort Smith, Ark., postmarked 3/18/42. Re:\nse.\nsuggestions for coastal and aerial defense.\nn\nGRAHAM, Josephine Frank, 1103 Chamberlain Hotel, Des Moines, Iowa, 3/19/42.\nSuggestions to help win the war.\nDURAN, Alfred, 790 Grand Concourse, New York, N. Y., 3/19/42. Suggestions\nwhich might be of value in defeating the enemy. Map encl. Reg.\nBAILEY, Ge orge H., Richmond Hill, N. Y. (no add add), 3/19/42. \"In\nreference to my note, mailed to you 2/6/42, why the delay? Why\nmust we cater to the War Dogs and Profiteers? By doing what my\nnote suggests the War would be at an end in about 30 days. Reg.\nLetter of 2/6/42 referred to War Dept.\nBALCHER, F., 309 W. 53 St., I. Y. C., 3/20/42. Letter to Mr. Early\ncalling attention to article in 11. Y. Times, by Ir. Brigham,\nin which it is stated, that the German General Von Heeb is said to\nhave urgently advised the Japanese to desist from attacking Australia\nat present time and to concentrate on India. Refers to previous\nletter.\nBOYER, William, Captain, Iractive Reserves, c/o Northern \"atch Co., 109\nEnuicott Bldg., 350 Robert St., St. Paul, Minn., 3/22/42. Calls\nattention to source of trained manpower in Inactive Reserves which\nremains untapped but which S tands ready to take active part in\nthe war effort. Cites own case.\nRUFFALO, Alfred, 17 Clinton St., Youngstown, Ohio, 3/23/42. Left job\nas Jr. Inspector at Lecumesch, Mich., because he found he was to\nwork 8 to 12 hours per day, 7 days a week, without overtime pay.\nRealizes that he made is mistake and seeks aid in obtaining rein-\nstatement SO that he may do his part in war effort.\nSCOTT, B. Clarice, 2108 V. Chestnut St., Louisville, Ky., 3/19/42. \"I\ndoubt whether or not my letter of 3/14/42 has reached you as yet.\nIf it has this is to say that the matter has been cleared up in a\nsatisfactory manner, and I have been reinstated as a field worker\nwith the Old Age Assistance Div. of the Dept. of Velfare of our state.\"\nReferred to F. S. 4., Social Security Board.\nSt. Paul's Chapel of the Road\nDIRECTED BY THE REV. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ROOT, D.D.\n14/16/42\nPresent address Canutillo Texas\nthey\nApril the IIth'42\nPPE\nTo the Secretary of the President of the U.S.\nWashington, D.C.\n7979\nMy dear Sir:\nI have just read a letter from Young Edgar Snow telling of his\ninterview with the President-Young Snow is going in to the Far East again\nHe is a wonderful boy.\nHis father is a brother of my wife so my interest is intense.\nI should like the President to know that I an Episcopal clergyman am\ntouring this whole Southwest in a Chapel Trailer in the interest of\nNational Defence- I am speaking to thousand of boys and girls in the\nSchools urging them to buy Defence Stamps.\nI plan to continue clear through to the East Coast\nin this thrilling Defence Experirnce.\nThank You\nYours Very Sincerely\nBeryann Gauklin Root Root\nX\nP.S Will you please be 80 kind to let me know if this\nletter reaches you-THANK YOU.\nWe Must Win This War\nApril 16, 1942\nMy dear Dr. Root:\nYour letter of April eleventh has been\nreceived and will be brought to the President's\nattention. I know that he will be appreciative\nof your thought in writing to him.\nVery sincerely yours,\nM. H. McINTYRE\nSecretary to the President\nReverend Benjamin Franklin Root, D.D.,\nSt. Paul's Chapel of the Road,\nCanutillo,\ncMc\nTexas.\nWe Must Win This War\n\"THAT FOR THE JAPS.\"\n\"AXES FOR THE AXIS\"\n\"BUY DEFENSE STAMPS\"\nA Patriotic Entertainment\nMystery, Instruction, Enlightenment.\nPart One\n\"REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR\"\nSeven pleasing effects in routine displaying \"E Pluribus Unum\".\nPart Two\n\"BUY DEFENSE STAMPS\"\n\"KEEP 'EM FLYING\"\nPresented by \"Willie Higgins\", Dr. Root's \"Dummy\"\nPart Three\nLONDON PUNCH AND JUDY\nImmortal Characters of all Time.\nHilarious, funny, laughable, glorious, spooky, charming.\nPresented by Dr. Benjamin Franklin Root.\n\"HITLER WILL FALL\"\nThe Evil of the World swallowed up in Victory.\nASCARATE SCHOOL\n+Ysleta Texas\nFriday 10-15AM\nApril 24\nThe Episcopal Church In U. S. A.\nAn American Church\nThe Epistenal CharchinesA\nAx AMERICAN CHURCH\nDemocracy Christianity\nChapel\nthe\nRoad\nDirected\nles\nNeb\nST. PAUL'S CHAPEL OF THE ROAD\nConducted by REV. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ROOT, D.D.\nThe Church of two-thirds of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-\npendence-The Church of the greatest number of the Framers of the\nConstitution.\nThe Church of Washington, Paul Revere, Benjamin Franklin, Henry\nClay, Daniel Webster, Light Horse Harry Lee, Washington Isving, Francis\nScott Key (Author of the Star Spangled Banner), Robert E. Lee, Franklin\nD. Roosevelt, and many others who have figured in American history.\nMany letters have been received concerning this \"Trailer Chapel Plan\"\n-Too numerous for space to permit full quotations.\n\"An excellent plan.\"-Rt. Rev. George Craig Stewart, D. D., Late\nBishop of Chicago.\n\"An Apostolic venture\".-Rt. Rev. James E. Freeman, D.D., Bishop of\nWashington, D.C.\n\"An excellent idea\".-Anson Phelps Stokes, D. D., one time Secretary\nof Yale.\n\"A moving about ministry\".-Rt. Rev. James M. Maxon, D. D., Bishop\nof Tennessee.\n\"Congratulations on the work which you are doing.\"-Rt. Rev. Henry\nW. Hobson, D.D., Bishop of Southern Ohio.\nASCARATE SCHOOL\nYsleta Texas\nFriday 10-15AM\nApril 24\nUSE\nI\nfell\ner 29, 1944\nTHE CURTIS\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A.\nMRS. BOETTIGER ON MONDAY OCT. 2nd.\nGENERAL WATSON TO CHECK WITH\nTSON\n1944\nPP7\nbimai\nord.\n7979\nEdgar Snow\nlad to read\nlunchtime\nod health\nSo\nweek or when-\nsia, India,\n5\n1.\nfor the\nich I\nack in this\ntten a book,\nhis time\nD. R.\nI hope!\nLe,\nment or\nhat you\now?\npp77\nX\nen I got\n1,\nto you\n(The President gave Mrs. Boettiger\nng to keep\na letter from Mr. Snow together\nle I might\nwith 8 lengthy repòrt on Russia. 9/29/44\nsia or China.\nMr. Snow writes for The Saturday\niday and\nEvening Post)\n1d wish to\nmadison, Corn.\nX 220-A 220 -A\non \"What\nR andom House, n.y,\n0 say that\neem to me a\nen to the\nration for\nRespectfully Edgan snow yours, #\nThe president of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter Dains may\n26\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nfell\nfor luncheon with you and Anna.\nSeptember 29, 1944\nTHE CURTIS\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A.\nwanted to see him for half an hour appointment or\nYou told me before you went to Hyde Park that you\n3. When did you wish to see Edgar Snow?\nMEMORANDUM FOR\nGENERAL WATSON\n1944\nPP7\nI want to see Edgar Snow\n7979\nfor a half-hour or at lunchtime\nlad to read\nod health\nwith Anna in about a week or when-\nSo\nsia, India,\never he can come down.\nfor the\n5\nich I\nack in this\ntten a book,\nis time\nF. D. R.\nI hope!\npp77\nX\nen I got\nLe,\n(The President gave Mrs. Boettiger\nto you\n1,\na letter from Mr. Snow together\nng to keep\nwith 8 lengthy report on Russia. 9/29/44\nle I might\nsia or China.\nMr. Snow writes for The Saturday\niday and\nEvening Post)\nld wish to\nco\nmadison, Corn.\nX 220-A 220\nR andom House n.y,\non \"What\n0 say that\neem to me a\nen to the\nration for\nRespectfully yours,\nEdgan snow #\nThe President of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nfell\nTHE CURTIS\n\"\nSeptember 29, 1944\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A.\nMEMORANDUM FOR\n1944\nGENERAL WATSON\nPP7\n7979\nI want to see Edgar Snow\nglad to read\nfor a half-hour or at lunchtime\ngood health\nsks.\nwith Anna in about a week or when-\nnotinfile 10-13-44. RVS\nussia, India,\nS\nt for the\never he can come down.\nwhich I\n1 back in this\nwritten a book,\n1 this time\ncopy Mis memo\n1, I hope!\nF. D. R.\npP77\nLe,\nwhen I got\n1,\nX\n1k to you\n(The President gave Mrs. Boettiger\nrying to keep\na letter from Mr. Snow together\nsible I might\nwith 8 lengthy report on Russia. 9/29/44\nRussia or China.\nMr. Snow writes for The Saturday\nFriday and\nhould wish to\nEvening Post)\nmadison, Corn.\nX 220-A 220 -A\nost on \"What\nR andom House, n.y,\nt to say that\nt seem to me a\nopen to the\neparation for\nSectfully yours,\nEdgan snow #\nThe president of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter\npr7\nTHE WHITE house\nfell\nwashington\n7979\nOctober 12, 1944\nfell\nTHE CURTIS\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S.A.\nMEMORANDUM FOR THE FILES:\nGeneral Watson phoned Edgar\nSnow's home at Madison, Connecticut,\n#\nOctober 11, 1944, and was informed\n1944\nPP7\nthat Mr. Snow was overseas for\nseveral months.\n7979\nlad to read\nod health\nS.\nssia, India,\nS\nfor the\nnich I\nback in this\nitten a book,\nRB\nthis time\nI hope!\nLe,\nthen I got\ni,\n: to you\ning to keep\nble I might\nissia or China.\nFriday and\nbuld wish to\nst on \"What\nto say that\nseem to me a\nopen to the\nparation for\nRespectfully Edgan snow yours, #\nThe president of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter 26\n5-22-44\nInternation\nRespectfully referred to\nappr of\nfell\nTHE CURTIS\nthe President.\nEmil\nThing\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nDarday\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S.A.\nE.\n1944\nPP7\n7979\nLike millions of other people I was very glad to read\nthat you are back in the White House in good health\nand ready to continue with your great tasks.\nSince I saw you in 1942 I have been in Russia, India,\nAfrica: and Britain as a war correspondent for the\n5\nPost. Now and then I sent you messages which I\nthought might interest you. I have been back in this\ncountry on a leave during which I have written a book,\nand now I am about to go overseas again, this time\ndirect to Moscow-and later on to Berlin, I hope!\nI believe you suggested I might come in when I got\nLe,\nback, and I would very much like to talk to you\nbefore leaving; but 1 realize you are trying to keep\ndown your appointments. It is just possible I might\nbe of some service to you, however, in Russia or China.\nI will b e in Washington next Thursday, Friday and\nSaturday, before my departure, if you should wish to\nsee me for any reason.\nI read Forrest Davis' articles in the Post on \"What\nReally Happaened at Teheran\", and I want to say that\nthe policy he attributes to you does not seem to me a\n\"gamble\", but the only course of action open to the\nleader of our government, other than preparation for\nthe third world war.\nWith sincere regards and deep esteem,\nRespectfully yours,\nEdgan snow #\nThe president of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter Dries may 20\nTHE SATURDAY\nEVENING\nfell\nPOST\nTHE CURTIS\nEDGAR SNOW\nFOUNDED BY\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nASSOCIATE EDITOR\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A.\nMay 21, 1944\nPP7\nDear Mr. President:\n7909\nLike millions of other people I was very glad to read\nthat you are back in the White House in good health\nand ready to continue with your great tasks.\nSince I saw you in 1942 I have been in Russia, India,\nAfrica: and Britain as a war correspondent for the\nPost. Now and then I sent you messages which I\nS\nthought might interest you. I have been back in this\ncountry on a leave during which I have written a book,\nand now I am about to go overseas again, this time\ndirect to Moscow-and later on to Berlin, I hope!\nI believe you suggested 1 might come in when I got\nback, and I would very much like to talk to you\n1e,\nbefore leaving; but 1 realize you are trying to keep\nd,\ndown your appointments. It is just possible I might\nbe of some service to you, however, in Russia or China.\nI will b e in Washington next Thursday, Friday and\nSaturday, before my departure, if you should wish to\nsee me for any reason.\nI read Forrest Davis' articles in the Post on \"What\nReally Happaened at Teheran\", and I want to say that\nthe policy he attributes to you does not seem to me a\n\"gamble\", but the only course of action open to the\nleader of our government, other than preparation for\nthe third world war.\nWith sincere regards and deep esteem,\nRespectfully yours,\nEdgan snow #\nThe President of the United States\nThe Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt\nafter 20\nOTHER wome STATE\nmay 26\nTHE SATURDAY\nor 27\nEVENING\nPOST\nEDGAR SNOW\nTHE CURTIS\nFOUNDED BY\nASSOCIATE EDITOR\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nPHILADELPHIA 5, PA., U.S. A.\ne\nMay 21, 1944\nDear Mr. Early:\nI am enclosing a letter to the rresident and\nI would be grateful if you would kindly deliver\nit.\nIf Mr. Roosevelt should wish to see me, I can\nnts\nbe reached at the rost till Thursday; qfter\nthat I will be in Washington at the Hay-Adams\nHouse till Saturday night.\nWith all good wishes,\nme\nЯdga Sincerely Snow yours,\nttle,\nded,\nMr. Stephen T. Early\nWhite House\nn\nom\npp7\nEDITORIAL ROOMS\n7979\nTHE SATURDAY\n1944\nEVENING\nPOST\nBEN HIBBS\nFOUNDED BY\nTHE CURTIS\nEDITOR\nupon\nPUBLISHING COMPANY\nhave\nPhILADELPHIA 5\nthe\ntropole Hotel\nby\nMOSCOW,\nthem\nAugust 14, 1944\nDear Miss Le Hand:\nper.\nis one\nThe President suggested that I might write him a\nletter, giving him my impressions on my return to\nMoscow. I have probably far \"overfulfilled the\nbut the\nplan\", as the Russians would say. If it should fall\nthe place,\nto your lot to digest the letter, please excuse the\nsy to go\ntyping and the paper. They are the best I can do\nancing at\nwith the material available.\na few points\nI wrote a book recently, called \"People on Cur Pide\"\nand thinking it might interest you I asked the pub-\nby the\nlishers to send you a copy. It was chosen by the\nall. I came\nBook of the Month Club, so if you are a member of\nne victory\nthat worthy institution you will probably find yourself\nof the battle,\nsnowed under, all things, including this letter, con-\nre surrounded,\nsidered.\nisred. It\nite, then.\nAll the best to you--and thanks for guiding me into\nn, and you\nthe right entrance in the Oval Room!\nfferent\nxpression\nSincerely yours,\ncrubbed from\nX220-A\nthe winter\n_dgar Snow #\n1944\n20\nCOMANDAMENTUL ARMATEI Rosu\nupon\nBP DOUE DECI 500027\n20\nhave\nthe\nby\nBP 500027\nthem\nPRIMIRE\n2011\nper.\nÎN TOATE PLATILE ESTE\nis one\nOBLIGATOARE\n1944\nHere I shall write to you in rathel\nbut the\ngeneral appearance of things, and about the \"feel\" of the place,\nas compared with my last visit. But if you are too busy to go\nthrough all these lines you might then save time by glancing at\nthe last page, where I shall try to summarize and make a few points\nwhich I think might possibly interest you.\nFirst, I should say my impression this time is colored by the\nfact that I hadn't seen Russia before in the summer at all. I came\nhere late in October, 1942, and left not long after the victory\nat Stalingrad--which I visited twice during the course of the battle,\nonce when I got to the outskirts, after the Germans were surrounded,\nand the second time after Marshal Paulus had surrenderder ed. It\nwas a cold half-twilit country masked everywhere in white, then.\nIn Moscow it grew dark at four or five in the afternoon, and you\nseldom saw the sun. Now, in the summer, it seems a different\ncountry, altogether different.in appearance and in the xpression\npeople wear on their faces. The camouflage has been scrubbed from\ntense scowl everyone wore in the winter\nDo\nFrom: Edgar Snow\nCorrespondent, The Saturday Evening Post\nMoscow\nAugust 14, 1944\nDear Mr. President:\nYou were kind enough to ask me to write you my impressions upon\nmy return to Moscow and Russia, and this is the attempt. I have\nbeen back here now for nearly two months, and that is about the\ntime-limit for impressions; after that one has to be struck by\neveryday things in some unusually dramatic combination for them\nto arrest attention and cause reflection, apparently.\nI trust you will excuse me for writing on such wretched paper.\nThere is still a severe shortage in many items, and paper is one\nof them. even this stuff is strictly rationed.\nHere I shall write to you in rather leisurely manner about the\ngeneral appearance of things, and about the \"feel\" of the place,\nas compared with my last visit. But if you are too busy to go\nthrough all these lines you might then save time by glancing at\nthe last page, where I shall try to summarize and make a few points\nwhich I think might possibly interest you.\nFirst, I should say my impression this time is colored by the\nfact that I hadn't seen Russia before in the summer at all. I came\nhere late in October, 1942, and left not long after the victory\nat Stalingrad--which I visited twice during the course of the battle,\nonce when I got to the outskirts, after the Germans were surrounded,\nand the second time after Marshal Paulus had surrenderdsred It\nwas a cold half-twilit country masked everywhere in white, then.\nIn Moscow it grew dark at four or five in the afternoon, and you\nseldom saw the sun. Now, in the summer, it seems a different\ncountry, altogether different in appearance and in the xpression\npeople wear on their faces. The camouflage has been scrubbed from\nbuildings--and the grim, tense scowl everyone wore in the winter\nalso seems largely scrubbed away. Part of this is just summer\nwith its warmth and light; Russian character changes with the seas-\nons. But a lot of it is attributable to the consciousness of vic-\ntory, the feeling that the worst is over, the confidence that\nthere will be a future when everything will be better--nothing\ncould be worse-than life has offered during the past three years.\nPeople here seem to be following the war less closely now that\nthe offensive has reached Poland and our own forces are hammer-\ning toward Paris. They are thinking more about post-war problems,\nthough publicly there is little discussion of them. The average\nman, the anonymous citizen, is thinking now quite intently about\nhis long-neglected needs: a new pair of shoes, a new suit, repairs\nfor his leaking roof, a shorter working hour and some leisure,\nand above all--enough to eat. HOW they all long for peace! Now\nthat it seems near the privations appear to be getting harder to\nbear. everyone is tired, tired; and the difference is that now\npeople often talk about it. People in the forties, working for\nthree years without a rest, realize that they have aged ten or\n15 years in that period. All kinds of ailments are afflicting\nthem--teeth falling out, arthritis, eyes going bad, a lot of\nthe diseases of an age older than they are, accellerated by semi-\nstarvation for this long period, and by overwork.\n--2--\nThe government has taken some recognition of this near-end of\nendurance in the public, and some concessions to it are being\nmade. Commercial stores are opened where people can buy un-\nrationed goods, Older women, and old men, are getting brief\nvacations. Some commercial restauwants are open. Parks are\nopen and there are frequent concerts. Much of Moscow manages\nto spenda day Dr two in the country--where many city people keep\nvegetable gardens. These are very important here, the difference\nliterally between life and death. For despite the increase of\ncrops, the opening of commercialstores, the majority of the\npopulation still lacks enough to eat.\nso-called commercial\nGoods in the/stores are not sold at rationed prices but at\nprices approximating those in the back market, which is a measure\nof real value in terms of exchange of goods for labor. Thus,\nwhile the rationed price of a good pair of shoes might be 100\nto 400 roubles, the same pairsof shoes in the commercial stores\nsell for from 2,000 to 4,000 roubles--which is $400 to $800\na pair, at official exchange rates, The stores now carry nearly\neverything in the way of light consumers goods and queques form\nbefore the entrances early in the day and cling to them all day\nlong. Across the street from my hotel there is a queque lead-\ning to a big department store and it sometimes reaches entirely\nround the big city block. \"What could people want that is so\nimportant to them they will stand there, rain or shine, all day\nlong?\" I asked. We went over to investigate and found that nearly\neveryone in that queque was waiting to buy either shoes, raincoats,\nor rubber shoes, or houshhold articles such as kitchen pans,\npots, dishes, glasses, spoons, etc.\nIn the Bolshoi Theater the other night I took a friend into the\nrestaurant and bought two glasses of tea and two eclairs. Last\nyears we could not. have bought that at all. Now they the tea and\neclairs cost me the equivalent of $25. Here at the hotel I have\nthe floor maid do my laundry. For washing a couple of shirts and\nhalf a dozen handkerchiefs I pay her a loaf of bread, 200 grams\nof bodka and some cigarettes, She prefers that payment to what\nshe would charge me in C ash--100 rbss., or about 20 at official\nexchange rates.\nMOSCOW now has more people than before the war, when the popula-\ntion problem was already serious, with over four million inhabitants.\nIt is harder to get a room in the city than it is to get into the\nKremlin--almost literally. I know couples who have gone on living\nas man and wife for years because neither could get a bed anywhere\nelse. Since the new divorce law makes it even more difficult to\nget a divorce than to find a room, those who had been counting on\na separation as soon as they could solve the housing problem are\nnow resigned to looking at an unwelcome spouse across the few\ninches of intervening space for the rest of their lives.\nOnesees large numberxix numbers of demobilized cripplies in the\nstreets nowadays. Yesterday I went to one of the parks--the\nGorki Park of Culture, out by the Moscow River, where there is\na very impressive exhibition of war trophies: tanks, guns, air-\nplanes, transport of all kinds, and from all countries of Burope.\n--3--\nYet of as I walked in and around this display of booty I\nwere and artificial limbs, and I realized at what price the trophies\nsoldiers from a nearby hospital, trying out their new saw crutches dozens\npurchased. It seems there were more armless and legless\nmen in the park than men still whòle--and so many of the crippled\nwere very young, with hardly a down on their chins. These are\nonly the first of the harvest of Hitler's madness to show up\nagain in the capital. One hears people say that they are afraid\nthe soft-hearted folks at home will soon forget the terror loosed\nby Nazism, but I don't think they will soon forget here. There\nwill be too maný smashed bodies in evidence everywhere, for\nanother them. generation, for Russians to forget what the victory cost\nCertainly it is hard to find a Russian who has not sacrificed at\nleast one member of his immediate family in the maw of this war.\nWhile I have been away many of my acquaintances have had new tragedy\nheaped on tragedy. My teacher had lost her son, and now she has\nalso lost her husband; her hair has turned gray while I was gone.\nThe two maids who look after my room in thehotel have both lost\ntheir husbands, and neither has heard from her son, in the army,\nfor more than a year. The other evening I visited Zoya Feodorova,\nthe movie star, and her sister. These girls have lost their father\nand their only brother, and both of them have lost their husbands.\nYet their sorrow seemed to make them all the more determined to\nlive--just as the loss of arms and legs couldn't keep the soldiers\nI saw in the Park from singing and applying themselves to learning\nnew tasks. Zoya and her sister were engr energetically trying\nto learn nglish and at the end of a long working day they spent\ntwo or three hours reading about \"Hans and his Ice Skates\" and\n\"Bill, the Chimney-Sweeper.'\nThe Russians don't mope; if they did the whole country would be\nnow engaged in moping. People like Zoya and her sister, millions\nof middle aged women and many of them with young children, have\nto resign themselves to living the rest of their lives without\nhusbands; very probably they won't be able to remarry. Millions\nof young women, too, may have to go through life as spinsters,\nThe new divorce laws, intended to stabilize the family in what\nis frankly recognized will be a difficult post-war period, will\nmake it even more difficult for women to acquire even second-hand\nhusbands. At the same time it won't penalize unmarried mothers,\nwho will receive the same benefits accorded to married ones. In\nview of the rather grim outlook, therefore, there is some ten-\ndency among people of imagination, and in the intelligentsia, to\nwant to get abroad, if not to emigrate at least to be able to see\nsome other part of the world where life is less sombre.\nThere are evidences that the government does intend to promote\nbroader constacts between Russians and Americans and englishmen.\nPart of the appearent hesitancy on Russians part to mingle freeyy\nis obviously due to their lack of preparation for mixing in\nAnglo-American society. Now there is an almost feverish effort\n4\nto prepare younger people, and selected older people, for\nmeeting our world on its own cultural level. English language\nstudy is compulsory in the middle schools and is the most\npopular language now in colleges and universities. Students\nin the techhnicums at least learn a technical vobaculary in\nBnglish suited to their tasks. muropean manners are now also\nbeing taught in the middle schools, where girls learn how to\nmanage households properly, how to eat in accordance with the\ndictates of mily Post, and all that nglish and American girls\nare supposed to learn at finishing school. In the Suvorov\nschools and in boys schools generally much emphasis is placed\non manners and etiquette,\nThe press generally has been friendly in its comments on our\nwar effort everywhere. There is little of the underlying sus-\npicion and sarcasm which marked editorial writing last year. Of\ncourse the Red Army still receives the major credit for the\nsmashing of nazism, but quite generous praise is being xada given\nnow to Allied armies, especially to the American forces in France,\nMore and more articles of a purely informative nature are appear-\ning about America and Britain; and somewhat more space is given\nto reporting the war in the Pacific. One now sees, more frequently,\nthe crossed flags of Britain, America, Russia and China in display.\nOne more often hears the allies' national anthems played. The\nonly place I have heard the International played since my return\nhere was, oddly enough, at the Race Track a few Sundays ago, when\nthe Russian equivalent of a National Derby was held--a trotting\nrace between prize horses from state and collective cattle farms.\nI find, in conversation with Russians, a much greater readiness\nto concede the importance of American help in Russian victory than\nthe press and the government comment would seem to justify. Russians\nsee American foods on display in the stores, they see American\ncars and trucks in the streets carrying Red Army men, they see\nAmerican clothing in the stores and see refugees wearing it. A\nlot of these goods have never been used in Russia before and there\nhas never been such an extensive distribution of Axe foreign goods\nof any kind among the people. So many have exaggerated ideas of\nthe American contribution. In this way government reluctance to\nadmit the value of our help, in the past, seems to be proving a\nboomerang. I have had Russians tell me that they think as much\nas as 80 or 90 percent of all the Red Army's supplies have come from\nAmerica!\nThere is a general expectation here that Russia is going to enter\nthe Far Bastern war, principally because the government wants to\nplease America! At least I have encountered a number of Russians\nwho have this idea. Why does the government wish to please the\nU.S.A.? First, it is obligated to America for our help, secondly\nit wants our help in the future and cannot get along without it.\nI would not say there is much real enthusiasm for the idea of\nfighting Japan--rather it is public resignation to the inevitability\nof it. The public doesn't want any more war and would prefer to\nstay out of the war in the Pacific. But among the army officers\nand the navy officers it is another matter. There is an apprec-\niation amongst them of the advantages to be gained, and миадаукх\n--5--\nabout nowadays they speak, often, quite openly to us correspondents\n\"turning on the Japs when Hitler is licked. At the\nRed Army colonel, \"to the day when Hitler is hanged and Red\nfront near Kursk one of the correspondents made a toast to a\nArmy men can go home to rest.\" The colonel corrected him, \"We\nHitler is kaput!\"\nstill have another job to do in the Far wast,\" he said, \"after\nWhen I was in Rumania with the Red Army I had the unique ex-\nperience of translating, into nglish which was then translated\ninto Russian, a toast made by a visiting Chinese correspondent,\nappealing for Russian aid against Japan. \"When NE I was at\nStalingrad,\" the Chinese said, \"I made my first toast to a\nRed Army general, to General Chuikov, to thank him for defeating\nHitler which was also a good turn for China. Now I think events\nhave moved far enough to make this toast: to the day when victory\nover Germany is achieved, and the day when Russia, Britain and\nChina and American can together finish the Pacific war. I was\na little uneasy about translating what seemed to me an undiplo-\nmatic toast--it would have been considered so a year ago--but\nthe Russian officers sprang to their feet and drank to it with\nenthusiasm.\nIn Rumania, incidentally, I found that the war itself, and the\nRed Army occupation, were automatically solving many of the\neconomic and political questions left by the bankruptcy of the\nAntonescu regime. In effect the new regime is carrying out an\norderly change, which under other circumstances might be called\na revolution. It is confiscating the property of all Antonescu\nsympathizers, who include practically all the Rumanian capitalists\nexcept the Jews. In the case of industrial establishments the\ngovernmentz is taking over nominal ownership, while the revived\ntrade unions seem to have most responsibility for management,\nand in the case of landed estates the farms are parcelled out\namong the tenants. This is laying the foundation for a kind of\nsocial-democratic regime, in which the Rumanian Communist Party\nplays a role, but not an exclusive role. Small business is still\nin private hands and the church has not been interfered with.\nI send you herewith an \"occupation note\" issued by the Ruman\nRed Army in Rumania. This is worth one rouble, or worth five\nRumanian lei. Before the war a Rumanian lei was worth U.S. .01\nI believe. The Russian occupation lei is used for the purchase\nof Red Army supplies and cir culates among Rumanians-but the\nblack market rate is only slightly higher on these Russian lei\nthan on the Antonescu Rumanian lei.\nIn general the pattern of economic and political life likely\nto develop in Rumania probably anticipates what will follow\nin all the Balkan countries, Equalization of land ownership\nto the tillers, and abolition of large estates; confiscation of\nall large industry by the government; small trading and enter-\nprise in private hands; coalition governments consisting of\nrepresentatives of peasant and worker parties, and of the in-\ntelligentsia, with little or no voice for former capitalists,\nmost of whom were in one way or another tied xx in with the\nAxis set-up.\n6\nThis pattern is pretty much what the newly organized Free\nPolish Committee seems to want in Poland, too, The London\nPoles, when they were here (Mikolajczyk, Grabski and nomer)\nsaid that they did not have any radical differences with the\nprogram of reform which was announced by the Free Polish\nCommittee: the redistribution of the land and establishment\nof govmernment ownership of large industry, But it was evident\nfrom their conversation that they are inclined to go much more\nslowly than the Free Poles wish to go. What they really want\napparently is to defer the settlement of all questions, internal\nas well as frontier, until after the war, when they think they\ncan mobilize both Polish opinion and Anglo-American intervention\n(political and diplomatic) on their side in negotaating the\nestgblishment of friendly relations with Russia.\nSir Archibaad Clark-Kerr considers that Mikolajczyk made a\nbig mistake when he left here without any agreement. The terms\nwill be much sif stiffer if and when he returns. It is my im-\npression that the main factor in the Russians' rather tolerant\nattitude--in view of their urgent need for a Polish settlement\n--toward the London Poles is the Kremlin's desire not to embarr-\nass the British and American governments, and particularly not\nto give the opposition to Roosevelt an opportunity to exploit\nthe Polish issue in the coming election.\nComment in the press, and remarks in conversation with Russians\n(which are not always exactly the same thing, even though such\na thing as \"private\" conversation hardly exists here) show quite\nclearly that the Kremlin looks with alarm and disfavor on the\npossibility of a Republican victory in the Novemb\ner poll. Americans have been quite surprised to note how frankly\npro-Democrat most Russian comment on the candidates has been.\nThe Russians have not hesitated to point out the \"reactionary\"\ncharacter of the Republican ticket and candidates as compared\nto the \"progressive\" Democrats. There is nat no doubt that the\naverage citizen here would consider it little short of a disaster\nif Dewey won, that is to say the \"average citizen\" who follows\ninternational politics. I am told by Russian acquaintances that\nin the discussions and debates held in factories and farms, led\nby Communists, the foregoing interpretation of the American elections'\nis being made quite officially.\nTo sum up:\n1) The Russian people generally are convinced that the worst\nis over. There is a little loosening of belts, a little relax-\ning; there is more thinking, both in government circles and among\nthe people, about everyday human needs and about the tasks of\npeace. There are more goods for sale--and the hope of more food.\n2) Tragedy stalks every family but there is little tendency\nto mope. There is a trmendous will to live in the Russians.\nPeople who die so well for a cause seem to cling all the more\nMarch 2. 1945\n--7--\nfiercely the to life, when they are spared it, I predict\nRussians will turn to the tasks of peace with about that\nsame one energy they have applied to winning the war, More the\nthis Russian has said to me, \"We have learned how to work than during\nback war. We have mastered the machine. We will never go\nto the old ways. If\nPierre a four Cot, who was in the French Cabinet before the\nhabilitation he methods. He told me, when he came back, that\nmonths trip visit the recovered areas and studyin war, made g re-\ndustrial of output within five years. He said their pre-war planning was\nwas convinced the Russians would recover their in-\nreconstruction generally had been fitted into a long-view\nscheme of things, SO that the actual reconstruction of all the\nruined cities might take 15 years. But with the gains of the\nwar, the accellerated development of industry in the west and\nthe accumulation of industrial experience, plus long-view\nplanning, \"Russia will be growing and developing at a faster\nrate 15 years from now than it would have been able to do had\nthere never benna war.\"\n3) The public wants peace more than anything else. All Russians\nare dead tired. There is little enthusiasm among the populace\nfor a war against Japan. But everyone expects that the govern-\nment will enter the Pacific war. The army is, to some extent,\nenthusiastic about the idea of licking Japan, So is the navy.\nThe public is resigned to a Russo- apanese war and many think\nit is part of the price Russia must pay for American aid. Russians\nare very grateful for that help. They are especially grateful\nfor the help our American flyxers are giving them and there\nis a new fix friendliness in their attitude toward Americans\nespecially. An American uniform now brings a quick saulte from\nRussian officers--and often a smile as well.\n4) The process of the war itself, the advance of the Red Army\nand the flight of Hitler sympathizers, creates in Bastern surope\na situa kind of political vaccuum in which a new type of govern-\nment will emerge, not democratic in our sense, not soviet commun-\nism either, and certainly not fascist. The new regimes in all\nthese eastern -uropean states will probably consist largely of\nrepresentatives of peasant and worker parties, and intelligentsia,\nand they will carry out a social-democratic program of land\nredistribtion, government ownership of big industry, and private\nenterprise in small business.\n5) The Russians are laying down some fundamental plans looking\ntoward long-term cooperation with America. They want it and\nexpect it and they don't intend to carry out any policies which\nwill, unnecessarily, provoke anti-Soviet feelings in Americans.\n6) But there is no indication that this country intends to\nabandon its own system, or rewrite Marxist-Leninist-Stalism--\nto employ their awkward phrase for the ruling philosophy. There\nis, if anything, renewed emphasis on the study of Marxism. There\n--8--\nis no sign of the party grasp of affairs, in all phases of\nRussian life, losing its strength. There is, on the contrary,\nevidence that the party intends to reimpose its strict code\nof knowledge and conduct on all its membership--particularly\nin the army, where tens of thousands of new Communists have\nbeen taken in during the war.\n7) The only respect in which I notice a dramatic change that\nrepresents a sharp departure from practice here in the past\nis a noticeable spread of anti-Semetism. even a year ago one\nrarely heard anti-Jewish remarks from Russians and I never heard\nJews complain of discrmmination. Now, I am sorry to say, there.\nis a lot of this, not as much as in America, but still very\nperceptible. Jews have complained to me that they find it very\nhard to get government jobs, or jobs of any kind, I have heard\nRussians make ren arks to the effect that the Jew always finds a\nway to keep out of the front-line, that the Jew stays at home\nand speculates while the Russian fights, that the Jew is cunning\nand crafty while the hussian is pure and brave, etc. The fact\nthat they make such remarks to a foreigner shows how widespread\nand matter-of-fact this kind of conversation must be.\nPeople with whom I have discussed this phenemenon believe it will\nbe temporary; one of the commissars (Shcherbakov) has already\nmade a radio speech against racial animosity. Men are sometimes\narrested and fined for making anti-Jewish remarks in public, the\nnational law makes such behavior a criminal offensixe, Generally\nthe growth of anti-Semetism is attributed to; 1) effectiveness\nof Hitler's propaganda among the villages of occupied Russia;\n2) overemphasis on Russian nationalism, which has made Russians\nmore race-conscious than they have been since the revolution.\nI have skipped many important subjects--but this was supposed\nto be merely a letter giving \"impressions.\" 11 If I thought a line\nof it might prove of any help to you I would be richly repaid.\nI would like to know, if you find time, whether you receive it.\nPlease let me know if I can be of any service to you whatever.\nOne point may interest you. I arranged with my town council,\nin Madison, Connecticut, to have my ballot sent to me here in\nMoscow, where I will cast my vote in the national election. After\na canvas here among the mission people and other Americans, I\nfind I am the only person with such plans. If the ballot arrives\nI will send it in and thus probably be the first American in\nhistory to vote for a president of the United States, from the\nterritory of Russia. My vote, needless to say, is going for\nFDR.\nWith all good wishes for your continued good health and brilliant\nleadership,\nVery\nThe Honorable,\nEdw sincerely yours Snow\nThe President of the United States\nMr. Franklin D. Roosevelt.\nWashington, D.C.\nfile\nTHE WHITE house\nWASHINGTON\nDecember 21, 1944.\npps\n7979\nMEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON:\nThe President said he would\nsee Mr. Edgar Snow right after the first\nof the year. #\nG.G.T.\nPresident indicated\ncould not see\n12/00/44\n11.\nno Would Edgar Grace you Snow tells care right to after have you him the would come first like in of to the see Year. Mr.\nnext\nweek?\nfire\nDecember 21, 1944.\npps\n7979\nMEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON:\nThe President said he would\nsee Mr. Edgar Snow right after the first\nof the year.\nG.G.T.\nMHILE HO\nGF\nHAY-ADAMS HOUSE\nCOMPLETELY\nAIR CONDITIONED\nWASHINGTON, D.C.\nDecember 20, 1944\nDear Miss Tully:\nI just arrived from Russia, by way of a lift\nin General Paul Spalding's plane, and I am\ngoing to be home for a few weeks before going\nback on an assignment to southern Europe.\nI know the President is extremely busy and\nI'm sure he is very well informed on everything\nin Russia. If by any chance he thinks it\nwould serve any useful purpose for me to see\nhim, however, this is just to say I am here\nand would be delighted, I hope to go up to\nConnecticut in a few days for Christmas--\nprobably Thursday.\nWhat I am wondering is whether you ever received\nthe letter I sent to you from Moscow, and which\nI foolishly addressed to Miss LeHande! I'm very\nsorry about that and I never met Miss LeHande,\nbut the letter was already off to the President\nbefore I. woke up to my error.\nWith apologies, and best wishes Sdgar from\nSincerely yours,\n(of Saturday Evening Post)\nEdgar Snow\nMarch 2, 1945\nMEMORANDUM FOR THE FILES:\nMr. Snow attended the President's press\npl7\nand radio conference this morning. He remained\nlub\nafterwards and saw the President for a few minutes,\nwith Mr. Daniels.\n7979\nM. Lorenz\nX36\nMarch 1, 1945\nself-explanatory. I enclose a note to the President, which is\nIf it can be arranged, I would like to attend\nthe press conference tomorrow, and afterward\nhave a short time with the President. Please\nexcuse this late request. I have only today\narrived in Washington, from California.\nI will phone you tomorrow, for a reply. If\nyou wish to contact me, earlier, I can be\nreached at ME 5656, or at DI 1967.\nWith thanks for your attention to this request,\nAdu Sincerely Snow\nEdgar Snow\n#\nReperon\nRep\npl7\nNational Press Club\nWashington\n7979\nMarch 1, 1945\nDear Mr. Daniels:\nI enclose a note to the President, which is\nself-explanatory.\nIf it can be arranged, I would like to attend\nthe press conference tomorrow, and afterward\nhave a short time with the President. Please\nexcuse this late request. I have only today\narrived in Washington, from California.\nI will phone you tomorrow, for a reply. If\nyou wish to contact me, earlier, I can be\nreached at ME 5656, or at DI 1967.\nWith thanks for your attention to this request,\nSincerely\nEdgar Snow\n#\nReperon feb\nNational Press Chich\nWashington\nMarch 1, 1945\nDear Mr. President:\nI am in town for a couple of days, and would\nlike to attend your press conference tomorrow,\nif it can be arranged.\nIn your note, some weeks ago, you suggested\nthat you might be free to see me some time after\nthe next Big Three meeting. I am about to turn\nover copy to the Post, on some articles about\nRussia and my last trip there, on subjects which\nhave been affected by the Yalta Conference, and\nperhaps you could give me a few minutes after\nyour remarks to the press tomorrow, to clear\nup a few points, in the way of off-the-record\nbackground remarks.\nI am sending this note to Mr. Daniels, and will\nask him, if I can attend the press conference\ntomorrow, for your answer.\nWith all best wishes,\nSincerely yours, yours,\nEdgar Snow\nAss. Editor,\nThe Saturday Evening Post\nThe President of the United States\nThe White House\nmpk\nELY, Certrude\nBryn Hawr. Pennsylvania\nApril 3, 1941\nWrote to the President calling attention to enclosed article \"China's Blitsbuilder,\nRewi Alley*, by Migar Snow. - Hon. Lauchlin Currie replied on April 9, 1941, thanking\nHas My for the article, and affirming their natual interest in and admiration for the\nwork of the Chiness/Industrial Cooperatives. Says this movement will grow to accompleih\n& great doal more, An peacetine as well ne during the war effort. - Attached is\nPresident's namo of April 7. 1941, to Hon. Lauchlin Currie TO reply.\nSEE - 150-A\nPPF\n7979\nCURRIE, lion. Lauchlin\nFeb. 26, 1942.\nThe President, by memo., referred for his information and asked that\nit be returned for the President's files - Folder containing \"Meno To the Pres-\nident from Edgar Snow - Subject: The Role of a Federation for Asiatie Democracy,\nHere in America, in Increasing the Effectiveness of Political Warfare.\"\nSEE 4675-Misc.\n(Official File)\n(Box x 23)\nAS\nP.P.F.\n7979\nURRIE, Hon. Lauchlin\nOct. 21, 1942.\nE\nSends the President two memo. one in RE: INDIA - the other in RE BURMA. These reports\nwere sent to Mr. Currie by Edgar Snow. States he (Mr. Snow) had gotten his report on\nBurma from & young Burman and that the report indicates a growing disillusionment in\nBurma on which we should be able to capitalize. The President, Oct. 22nd, sent a\nmemo. to Mr. Currie thanking him for letting him see the following: Report from Edgar\nSnow - \"India At The End of September, 1942\", and report from Edgar Snow - \"Report on\nBurma, July, 1942\", from Delhi, September 15, 1942. The President said he thought the\nreport on India was very amateurish and that the report on Burma while very interesting\nhad a very high percentage of sweeping,all-inclusive statements which make one pause.\nSEE 48-H (Official File)\nAS\nP.P.F. F.\n7979\nMEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT\nFROM Wayne Coy, Pureau of the Budget\nJanuary 26, 1943\nEncloses letter to the President from Edgar Snow, correspondent for the\nSaturday Evening Post, reminding the President that he met Mr. Snow following\na press conference some months ago and the two talked about the Far East. In\nthe attached letter, Mr. Snow tells of the affect of our fighting in North\nAfrica on the Russian people. Gives suggestions on further uniting the Russians\nand Americans.\nPPF\nvsr\nSEE - 4287\n7979\nHIBBS, Ben, Editor,\nThe Saturday Evening Post,\nPhila., Pa.\n5-31-44\nLetter to Gen. Watson, that Edgar Snow, associate editor and foreign\ncorrespondent of The Saturday Evening Post, tells him that the President expressed a\nwish to see his article on the Chinese guerrillas. Is enclosing tear sheets of the\narticle, which will appear in their issue of June 10th.\n(article filed.)\nsee 4287\nMemorandum from Gen. Watson to 8 the President, submitting to him above article.\nPPF\nbr\n7979\nPPF\n7979\nFor Edgar Snow's letter of 12-28-44 enclosing his notes\non a confidential conversation with Litvinov, 10-6-44,\nand FDR's reply of 1-2-45\nSEE: P.S.F.: Russia."
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