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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: Donated Historical Materials Collection/Office of Origin: Bush, George H.W., Collection Series: Personal Papers Subseries: Republican National Committee OA/ID Number: 25864 Folder ID Number: 25864-003 Folder Title: White House - GOP Leadership Meetings Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 5 1 5 5 PR From the desk of GEORGE BUSH personal I JK File = Feb 6 Leadership meeting with RN Need file - R leadership meet 2. Caburt met Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE UNTHINKABLE ALTERNATIC 1) 2) HAT what hand pow's news to 4 build a communit Foro policy cait on a broken Issue us 90 to and it small vs. "impose will" on SUN. country - protect that mat NoHe understood - THE WHITE HOUSE Lineoln- " serve we prison mumber of days you spent out A county" Pres. put No. = about of there other" RN- hopes that could here pulled of off before Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE KEY TAXES - held PRICES- down JOBS- up Toget it budget" "responsible Photocopy - Preservation *** THE WHITE HOUSE normal 6% - we now hold 3.57 IMPORNOMENT Griffin react yesday J. 'Nother page on this 3.3% withholding 59 7.5-8.790 6.7 LBJ marge - 6% normal 72 our Photocopy - Preservation * THE WHITE Research HOUSE Limola 1 Day 4 yr record = response to social needs. increase = and t cludy. education A hunger- blind cancer Dramative Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Reform Hit NO longer diduct , at on montgage !! "No " Easy way out" some good in there 1 programs. Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Gritting putition record yeat. Exec. Privelege we've done it = 3 times in 4 years. JFK- - 6 times in less there 3 years RN - 3 times in 4 yrs. Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE * Education Thru spec. nev. shaing offset categ. - grants for colueation Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Educ. get it 1. to students- - less to elitist instit. 2 prof.educators wont it to institution - are want it to studuits to people Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE defense Bigadough 5 to Big schools - subsidere attachs on defense. : sabotage Faculty quents mukus - ROTC throm out- Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Ash briefing p.50 budget shows cuto. To HIGHLIGHT MORE use GRAPHS BY THIS ADMIN. CONCERN FOOD STAMPS NEEDS 403- 1-500% Elday- - 100% - up. HUMAN Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE RN- Homing - need real in looh" ) old not working Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE PEACE Pres. Met unth Col. Nolte family - 5 children 82 old father - talk yr. like heartland of U.S. ai) father essay did on why - 17yr. urs old 6) Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 1. pear inth dishonon 2. loze emedibility and trust - 3. pues. disus amount we ins vally right -- we cart have it - what helpens to Nolte - Lincoln wented to give amenting - to south - Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE stroy issue- new peace structure of pease PRC user. problem Eun ME. SE Aria -not blow again - 550,000 Anneus 4 years dp now its our Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Budget RN 4 know it's difficult 2 Not know thing 3. No ta x pledge to be kept. % economy real gassed If will have razon-edge up balance Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 5. Reform argument 6. If confiscated all money from over 50,000 Deplition etc one 7. page Treasur Form on Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Older Americans Comprehensive Service Amendments Research on Aging Act Labor, HEW, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act Public Works and EDA Act Amendments Amendments to Mining and Mineral Policy Act Airport Development Acceleration Act Floor Control Act Upgrading of Deputy U. S. Marshals National Cemetaries Act Veterans Health Care Expansion Act Rehabilitation Act Total 7 bill. over 3 years. Photocopy - Preservation FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE OCTOBER 30, 1972 Office of the White House Press Secretary THE WHITE HOUSE MEMORANDUM OF DISAPPROVAL I have announced today the signing of H.R. bill which represents tremendous forward step in improving the income position and health services for older Americans. Two other bills concerning the elderly have also come to me for signature the Older Americans Comprehensive Service Amendments of 1972 (H.R. 15657) and the Research on Aging Act of 1972 (H.R. 14424). Although I support some of the goals of these two bills, careful review has persuaded me that neither bill provides the best means of achieving these goals. Both authorize unbudgeted and excessive expenditures and would also require duplications or fragmentations of effort which would actually impair our efforts to serve older Americans more effectively. I have decided therefore to withhold my approval from these two pieces of legislation. Older Americans Comprehensive Service Amendments of 1972 (H.R. 15657) Last March, I submitted to the Congress a plan for strengthening and expanding service delivery programs under the Older Americans Act. This program would begin the development of more comprehensive and better coordinated systems for delivering services at the local level. In addition, I submitted a proposal to broaden the highly successful Foster Grandparents objectives. Program. The Administration will continue its vigorous pursuit of both these However, the Congress added to the bill containing these provisions a range of narrow, categorical service programs which would seriously interfere with our effort to develop coordinated services for older persons. This is particularly the case with two categorical manpower programs which were added on the floor of the Senate and were considered without regard to manpower programs already serving older persons. Furthermore, this bill would authorize new funding of more than $2 billion between now and fiscal year 1975 far beyond what can be used effectively and responsibly. I cannot responsibly approve H.R. 15657. Research on Aging Act of 1972 (H.R. 14424) In my Special Message to the Congress on Older Americans last March, I also emphasized the need to develop a comprehensive, coordinated program of aging research one which includes disciplines ranging from biomedical research to transportation systems analysis, from psychology and sociology to management science and economics. The Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare has since appointed a new Technical Advisory Committee for Aging Research to develop a plan for bringing together all the resources available to the Federal Government in the aging research field. H.R. 14424, however, would set up an entirely separate aging research institute that would duplicate these activities. This bill would create additional administrative costs without enhancing the conduct of biomedical research for the aging. In fact, it could even fragment existing research efforts. This bill also contains a new grant program for mental health facilities for the aging which duplicates the more general and flexible authorities contained in the Community Mental Health Centers Act. (MORE) (OVER) Photocopy - Preservation STe, 2 In sum, I feel that both research and mental health programs for the aging should be carried out in the broader context of research on life-span processes and comprehensive mental health treatment programs now underway. TO MUCHAROM H.R. 14424 would not enhance and could inhibit Federal efforts to respond state 1 to the needs of the elderly and I cannot give it my approval. to was soote ared visable with wathington allid 20020 out to +4530 gift of JoA BR/BA no R 12 arts be# (82321 #*.) seeds 10 elsay add to emer treques 1 effe eshiving Uid vedition sedit 201 behaverby 6A. %) bar belaws idsur Nind Alsog seadt : TO accissotique company only bloow ben I'm which Purchase *** sisqmi NAME mont Levosque et & abloab 1 to (TEAR) A (M) see: 30 lotted has 101 TAXI S Barth read ads or has sua July TomA with rells astim serviff natures 4P BY THIS relied been THE to efged of Jevel Legal TOY in gnissvileb not 3. ustrys b tand strotenbarD Totack Lets visita edd es #1 L rised to through 8.1% & *21 senden 111m stiff to engar is enolativeng seeds guidietoco Flid add .1 Non fllw evelveint bloow toldw amergen, Instrupotes. is AD as abiT вловтор noble not accivies bederaber 00 918W doldw emargeng includeds and mse off! of Grayer twoithiw $177 as 01 art habbe IIId wins TODIO giverns =: OF everythem TrueR has with accorded notific 52 ands W9A Blood Vidinapquez been been ed Las dad w Dever 151 THEY Tedal .D leanso I (ASHAL stef to righ TO 1 STATE 1941 ansoitemA TODIO no assigned 3568 12° at # quisteh g' 59 add AM 0814 med gothing subutori tolds with 90 vgoloboe Hold don't playions Amaines A Verson TAQUET disease VISIOTOSE brue * 700 of not Instadont are. 6 108 43 3 40 states I-mail applicant orts the redicant 70% nots A of de gain \ ,hjati thiss 703 m) mile 113 gatza Veridas PLP go dog 5. 11.34 isociation visore bloow tite 4107 18 will {. Burn to.ja 201 dassess Imptions to Jouhans and ansure 14 date $24.00 THE THE sidT ADDRESS spirate puise 603 galys odt not anditabal steat Issued with sotatives cela adtai of Inc 1A and dolder thermated (nave) Photocopy - Preservation FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE October 27, 1972 AIIN Office of the White House Press Secretary THE WHITE HOUSE MEMORANDUM OF DISAPPROVAL I have promised the American people that I will do everything in my power to avoid the need for a tax increase nextOyear. Today, I take another important step the bfulfillment of that sincere pledge. asidincing Thisweffort really beganrlast January when I submittedsthe Federal Budget for fiscal year 1973 to the Congress. briAs explained at the time, that budget was carefully prepared so that all justified Federal programs could be provided without any need for higher taxes and without causing higher prices. When it became clear that the Congress was exceeding the budget in many bills, I proposed that a spending ceiling of $250 billion be adopted as insurance against a 1973 tax increase. The Congress rejected that spending ceiling. Instead, it approved spending far in excess of my no-new-taxes budget. Some of these bills have presented very difficult decisions about whether to sign or to veto A number of them have attractive features, or would serve very worth- while purposes -- and of course I have received strong advice that to veto them just a few days before the Presidential election would be politically very damaging. However, in this memorandum are nine measures which I cannot sign without breaking my promise to the American people that I will do all in my power to avoid the neces sity of tax increase next year. madeothat promise in good faith, and I believe in keeping theopromises I make, and in making only those promises thatel am confident I can keep. If I were to sign these measures into law, I would, in effect, be making promises that could not be kept -- since the funds required to finance the promised services are not available and would not be available without the higher taxes Inhave promised to resist. I believe that political leaders must lay the facts on the line,sito talk straight to the people and to deliver on the promi they make to the people coletvorg attlened Although the choices are not easy I am ithholding my approval from 9, Congressional spending programs that would breach thenbudget by $750 million in fiscal year 1973 and by inearly $2 billion in fiscal year 1974 Each of these measures by itself might seem justi- fiable, or even highly desirable. But the hard fact is that they cannot be considered by themselves; each has to be considered in the broader context of the total budget in terms of showethat total weighs on the taxpayers and how it affects the struggle to curb rising prices more (OVER) Photocopy - Preservation 2 I am withholding my approval from the following bills: Labor - HEW and Related Agencies Appropriation Act (H.R. 16654) -- This is the second time I have vetoed inflated appro- priations this year for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This amounts to a textbook example of the seeming inability or unwillingness of the Congress to follow a prudent and responsible spending policy. In my budget for fiscal year 1973, I requested that the Congress provide an increase of $2.1 billion over fiscal 1972 funds for the HEW programs contained in this bill. On top of that generous increase which would have provided sub- stantial expansion while recognizing competing priorities in other program areas -- the Congress (amassed a budget- breaking additional increase of $1. 8 billion. I vetoed this in August because it was clearly excessive and unwarranted. The bill now before me contains the same face amount as the measure I previously vetoed. In a partial concession to that veto, however, H.R. 16654 contains authority for the over-spending to be held to $535 million a result that would still amount to pressure for higher taxes This Administration is second to none in its demon- strated concern and clear accomplishments in health education and manpower matters. My budget represented a balanced and rational approach to the funding of many high priority domestic programs in a time of tight budget resources, while continuing this Administration' S) shift of priorities and funds toward the human resources activities of the Government. H.R. 16654 is as unwarranted as the version I vetoed last August. Public Works and Economic Development Act Amendments of 1972 (H.R. 16071) -- This bill would unnecessarily add vast new authori- zations for Federal programs which have been shown to be ineffective in creating jobs or stimulating timely economic development. Public works projects have notoriously long lead times -- so by the time this spending became fully effective, the need for such stimulation would be passed and the stimulation would be inflationary. The bill would stimulate-increased bureaucracy in the regional commissions by using them as. al funding rather than a planning and coordinating level of Government. It would also provide assistance to workers and firms affected by Federal environmental actions These pro- visions would be highly inequitable and almost impossible to administer. The unemployment benefits provision would fragment and undermine our basic Federal-State unemploy- ment insurance system and its costs would be essentially uncontrollable. The proposed vollution control facilities loan program has only vague and unspecified objectives Amendments to the Mining and Mineral Policy Act (S. 635) This bill would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to provide matching categorical grants to establish and support a mineral research and training institute in each of the 50 States and Puerto Rico, as well as grants for related research and demonstration projects. It would more Photocopy - Preservation 3 fragment our research effort and destroy its priorities. Such an inflexible program would preclude us from taking advantage of the best research talents of the Nation wherever they may be. The Federal Government's ongoing programs of similar and related kinds of research, currently funded at about $40 million; annually have provided as flexible and efficient means of meeting minerals problems of the highest national priority and can readily bes adapted to continue to do SO Airport Development Acceleration Act (S. 3755) This bill would increase Federal expenditures and raise percentage participation in categorical grant programs with specific and limited purposes. I believe this would be inconsistent with sound fiscal policy Airport develop- ment funds have been almost quadrupled since 1970 under this Administration. Flood Control Act of 1972 (S. 4018) This measure would authorize federal projects which would ultimately cost hundreds of millions of dollars It contains projects never approved or recommended by the executive branch. In addition, it contains. a. number of objectionable features such as authorizing 111-defined and potentially costly new programs, and limiting my authority to establish criteria and standards to measure the feasibility of water resources projects in determining which ones to recommend for Congressional authorization. However, a number of projects in this bill are in-my judgment justified and I will recommend legislation to authorize their construction early in the next Congress Upgrading of Deputy U.S. Marshals (H.R. 13895) This would raise the pay of some 500 deputy marshals by as much as 38 percent through wholesale across-the board upgrading. There 1s no justification for this highly preferential treatment, which discriminates against all other Government employees who perform work of comparable difficulty and responsibility and whose, pay is now the same as that of deputy marshals. National Cemeteries Act of 1972 (H.R. 12674) This bill would block the orderly system of surplus land disposal established by general law and Executive order, by requiring an unusual Congressional approval procedure before any VA land holdings larger than 100wacres could be sold. These property transfer restrictions would underminenthe executive branch's Government-wide system of property management and surplus property disposal which is designed to assure the best and fullest use of Federal property. It would impede the Legacy of Parks program and the pro- cedures for disposing of surplus Federal property under the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act and Executive Order 11508. Also, the bill deals inconsistently with the serious problem of burial benefits for the Nation's veterans and war dead. It çommissions a study of this problem at the same time it preempts the results of such a study by authorizing new burial benefits which would annually add $55 million to the Federal budget beginning next year. The Administrator of Veterans Affairs already is at work on such a study, which will identify the alternatives for improving burial and cemetery benefits. In the interim, it would be unwise to commit additional Federal resources as proposed by this bill. more Photocopy - Preservation astimated att yourself LMH 170123 VeteransoMealthoCare Expansion of 1972 (H.R. 10880) add 30 siriogno liberalizing features of this bill- would unneces sarily addohundredsvof millions of dollars to the- Federal budget. dePtq wouldwopenyther VA hospital system to non- veteranse and would expandy/the type of direct medical services available from VA. By providing direct medical services to veterans' dependents, the bill runs counter to this Administration 'so national health;strategy which would provide national financing mechanisms for health care and sharply reduce the Federal Governments/s role in the direct provision of services at bloow aids metted I 89829750 befinit : go The bill also purports tonset mandatory minimums on the number: of patients treated in VA hospitals In testi- mony on this bill, the Veterans Administration strongly objected to this provision on the grounds that it was totally unnecessary and could) result inefficient medical treatment and wasteful administrative practices. The tragic result would be lower quality of medical care to all patientsinh 20 10 absubited 1800 vd Debandration 10 hevologe Isvas While I strongly support the VA health care system and will scontinue to encourage 1ts improvement in the future, Incannotimapprove ambad bill.ne of bas stusting Rehabilitation Act of 1972, (H.R.8395) 727 Thispmeasure would seriously eopardize the goals of the vocational rehabilitation program and is another example of Congressional iscal irresponsibility. Its provisions would divert this program from its basic voca- tional obj ectives Hinto activities that have no vocational element whatsoever or are essentially medical in character. Inladdition, would proliferate a host of narrow cate- goricaleprograms which [dup] icate and overlap existing authorities and programs : Such provisions serve only to dilute {the resources of the vocational rehabilitation programvandoimpairoit continued valuable achievements in restoringodeserving :American citizens to meaningful employment. Lade (RM H.R. 8395 calsonwould `create organizational rigidities in the vocational rehabilitation program which would under- mineathe ability of the Secretary of HEW to manage the programveffectively. weThe bil lso would establish numerous committees scandsindependent ncommissions which are unneces- sary swould waste the taxpayers' dollars and would compli- cate and confuse the direction of this program. L Finally the bill would authorize funding far in excess of the budgetmrequestland far ibeyond what be made available and usedjeffectively.tevs shiw- Douglash et Iriw enformed 1steb99 :- ABI bar $223 edd DUE CHISS To glow viregory [sycher: to TOA aecivite? RICHARD NIXON ent djin afrer IN has +11 100 pringnal THE WHITE HOUSE, 17 V.O To October 1972 TAX Hnow at # missi.t assurance. Photocopy - Preservation FR JK From the desk of GEORGE BUSH Fite Desk Leaduship Cab. Meet March 20 Photocopy - Preservation leaduship THE WHITE HOUSE March 20 1) Monetary Crisis - 2) progress on experision side 1) strong growth in employment cop. 2.5 will fine you ago) 2) unumployment reduced @ 3 economy expendidg strongly strong exponsion of economy generates some kind of pressures on prices Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 2 Rise A Food Prics Contrablent need is near an end- Govt action to increase supplies is begining to work. Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 3 RN Easy answer- "put on controls" - might work for 90 days- But if famiura hold back, growth gets worse 'Fighting it - several ways' 1) control now marketing - processing - 2) Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE A import more- have to look responsibly at +-ant bring at move - Crecognize tough politics) Food critically important This year -cuz labor settlemts come up- "habon-urigmt " habou. agreed on 2.5 2. 5 " - Phane II - Phase III not that different Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 5 Brean - RB 10% for 1st 1½ yrs but lay men in line. PPP RN n) ifeasy way (Iverse un) we'd do it stut -- Dunlop- Our rate of inflation IS about 1/2 of other economic- Jap, FR, Italy 6-7% ones = 3.7% Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 6 Dr. Dunlop Don't believe Phase III weak. Don't Feel need impoze controls. A. wage side. i key negotiations at time when food increasing is climate Mugmut- Labor 13 - better there even. (wert ke a better way there "strike") shutdowns let foreigners get markets here. Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 7 Dunlop (cont.) "Labon- pres. Magment Advisory Comittee appointed is important - R.B. figure = 10.5 5/0 Marganment pick up "pension" unron thair say there to ways increase Danlop - office says 5.7% 5.7 % Cozt of Living commit Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 8 Teamsters - Encauraging what Fronth is dorag - Frank getting locals in line 50 "One go smauship" of part anorded itred to be Chicago locals tried to upstage National Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 9 Dunlop office monitor all settlemits - Dunlop- PRICE Side 1. retail side are under mandatory controls. 2. concerned into producturity- wages and make control in food area 3. stockpiling sales-' nother tool Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE Rents 10 RN: oil - p.r. night thing to do energy- eeerg thing to do. voto at gas bill wrong. RN : Gas prices west rise- RENTS - increases high concentrated CDC. -N.O.) generally not bad. Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 11 Legislative picture 1) History at Rent controls admise to Housing 2) Ran Ag. products - Food for Prico PMO. maching the to move - but at this time poor econ. policy Expand supply is bittro annur to control - 3) Pre-notification owea Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 12 Lumber Admin program D recognize need move supply move fount output 72 11.8 billion board ft 73 10.2 " V " due to environmentaleto- - " a Fount surve - lower output - hugher pure 2) internation trade- some want embargo to Japan "negobiate "CJapan bot 2.8 bill) Admin opposes unbaveo - Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 13 3 possible re-emportion centure controlo on prices Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 14 Ash Vocat. Rehab - gong from 400 to 650 will per yr. Bill 3 deficiencies I. irresponsible- generals adds #1 accounts billion budget is in thus t 2 years tax increase - - on inflation 2. some A titles don't even next objectives Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE save is medical 2a) n) kidney machines nothing to do voccrebat some is therapeuter- non-vihab - purpo also 3) can't be managed reserves all authority and accountability Finco HEW. coursioner Ens accontability sets up separate Photocopy - Preservation THE WHITE HOUSE 16 Ash cou, 3 (cont.) many categorial grents - activities- lots of countries, commisions, conscils, Budget ton '74 has more for some A there purposes. Laugrabe acceptable substitutes Photocopy - Preservation Notes from GOP leadership meeting - Friday, Jan. 26, 1973 1. Call Nelson Rockefeller 1. Budget up 18 billion - 268 actual deficit - 12 billion 2. Add to budget ($268) then ask for tax increase 1. Close to full employment 2. Incomers Policy - wage price system leads to more inflation - people simply relax - Schulz says "irrefutable" Attorney General - "impountment" - no judicial decisions Presidents have always impounded LBJ - Highway trust funds 3. will not be subject for Supreme Court cause essentially "political" '48 Truman - on a 70 wing VS. 48 wing air force - congress wanted him to spend - veto - override - he still impounded Argument 1. debt limit - must live in it Pres. can't - tax 2. What's he expected to do. 1. congress controls tax power congress controls debt ceiling "What's he expected, to do?" 1970's 60 to 131 a) defense levelled off how much will $1 billion pay for 64 - 219,000 mm 74 - 100,000 mm Soviets buying more houseware - we put more on men Photocopy - Preservation 2 Youth - all volunteer army - draft Food stamps and food - assisting way way up 1 billion '69 now 4 billion '73 quadruple civil rights program impound a bad word refuse to spend cut RN cut budgets back to 250 "restraint" spenders for tax increase spenders for price increase Civil Rights activities assistance 70 74 1-1 3-2 enforcement up veterans outlays for crime reduction grants to states and local governments "up" RN - peace and prosperity peace time budget - more human resources than for defense 3 un savings un wages un taxes - all at risk inevitably - more unemployment if reckless fiscal policy new dividends of for. policy - USSR - Japan - new deal Photocopy - Preservation March 20, 1973 FOOD PRICES In the studies which this Committee has made of food prices since it was established on January 11, 1973, three facts have come sharply into focus: First, the problem of rising food prices is serious and demands a concerted counter-attack by consumers and government alike. Food prices are rising faster than at any time in the past two decades. Second, the Federal Government is now doing every- thing within its power to bring this problem under control. The government acted even before inflation hit the super- market shelf, and it has taken a number of steps since then. C Third, despite the current seriousness of the problem today, we can reasonably expect an improvement in food prices within a few months. The heart of our problem today is a shortage of food supplies to meet rapidly increasing consumer demands. We cannot end this shortage overnight. Because of the strong actions taken by the government and the actions of the free marketplace, how- ever, food prices should increase at a much slower rate in the second half of 1973. It is quite possible, in fact, that the rate of increase by the end of 1973 will be near zero. The rising demands for food which we have experienced, particularly those for red meats, were generated by a vigorous expansion in consumer incomes during 1972 and early 1973. The food price problem has resulted, in part, from the basic health of our economy. *A Report prepared by the Cost of Living Council Committee on Food (March 20, 1973). Photocopy - Preservation -2- One additional element has been an increase in demand from other countries, such as the Soviet Union, which have suffered from poor harvests. Unfortunately, this rising demand at home and abroad has been accompanied by a falling supply of food on our farms, particularly in the second half of 1972. The consequence has been a sharp upsurge in the prices of raw farm products, an upsurge which has now hit the retail markets. During the remainder of 1973, food supplies should expand significantly, although most of the expansion will occur in the second half of the year. Once addi- tional supplies reach the market, farm prices should move down quickly and we should have a flattening out in retail prices. A word of caution about weather is necessary in making any predictions about food supplies. The outlook pre- sented here is based on normal weather; unusually favorable weather would improve the outlook, but unfavorable weather would worsen it. In this report, we shall try to explain the basis for the expectations we have expressed above. We shall review in particular detail the reasons for the current acceleration in food prices, the Cost of Living Council's three-part program to solve the problem, and finally the basis for our optimistic outlook for food prices and supplies for the remainder of 1973. * * * Committee on Food of the Cost of Living Council George P. Shultz, (Chairman), Secretary of the Treasury Herbert Stein, (Vice Chairman), Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers John T. Dunlop, Director of the Cost of Living Council Earl L. Butz, Secretary of Agriculture Roy L. Ash, Director of the Office of Management and Budget Claude S. Brinegar, Secretary of Transportation Photocopy - Preservation -3- Causes Behind the Problem Food prices, like the prices of almost everything else rose sharply in the late 1960's and through early 1970. Beginning in mid-1970, food prices began increasing at a much slower pace because of a sharp increase in supplies that continued through 1971 and the establishment of the Economic Stabilization Program late that year. Food supplies in 1972, particularly supplies of meats, fruits and vegetables, were smaller and consumer demand grew as the economy expanded vigorously. As a result, food prices increased at a faster rate while prices of many other goods and services rose less than in 1971. Tight supplies combined with strong demand are continuing in 1973. Several critical developments have converged to cause an upsurge in food prices since mid-1972. 1. Strong Consumer Demand. Consumer purchasing power was advancing throughout 1972. By the fourth quarter disposable income was 9 percent higher than the same quarter of 1971. Even after discounting the effect of price increases, there was still a 6 percent increase in real income. Large increases are continuing in early 1973. Higher hourly earn- ings (up 6.2 percent); increased employment (up 2-1/2 million), larger social security payments, $3.5 billion in food assistance programs, greater public assistance, and larger Federal tax refunds are all working to increase buying power for consumers. As a result, the demand for foods and especially meat has continued to grow. Incomes will continue to grow as the economy moves closer to full employment, though such increases will moderate as the economy approaches that goal. The decline in unemployment and the optimistic business outlook have also helped to put consumers in a spending mood. Part of this increased spending is being directed to food purchases. 2. Expanded Exports. In addition to buoyant demand at home, there has been an unexpected expansion in our export markets. Poor weather caused smaller grain crops than usual in Eastern Europe, the USSR, India, China, Australia and Argentina. The world crop of cereals in 1972 dropped more than 4 percent from 1971. Since mid-1972, U.S. exports of feed grains and wheat have been running about three- fourths higher than a year earlier. Other industrialized countries have increased their demand for livestock products and the feed materials to produce them. Peru placed a ban on fishing which cut back on supplies of fishmeal and caused unusually heavy demand for protein supplements (used in livestock & poultry feed) produced in the United States. Photocopy - Preservation -4- The adjustments in the value of the dollar relative to other currencies also helped to expand U.S. farm exports, and made imported foods more expensive. All these factors are contributing to all-time record U.S. exports. They will top $11 billion this fiscal year -- up nearly 40 percent from fiscal year 1972. World production of grains should increase in 1973 and Peru recently removed its ban on fishing. U.S. exports are expected to decline from the current year. These develop- ments will relieve pressures on our production and marketing system and contribute to receding wholesale food prices in the second half of the year. 3. Reduced Food Supplies in 1972. A key to today's food price problem was last year's decline in domestic food production, a decline which is continuing in early 1973. This has been caused by a series of factors. Red meat production fell 2 percent in 1972 as declines in hog production more than offset a small increase in beef. Earlier depressed prices for eggs and broilers and rising feed prices have contributed to levels of production which are now running well below a year ago. Weather also played an important part in reducing food supplies. Freezes, un- seasonable weather, and Hurricane Agnes all damaged fruit and vegetable crops in many parts of the country. And bad weather during the fall interfered with the harvest and ruined a part of feed grain and soybean crops. Food Prices: An International Problem The same forces that have caused an escalation of food prices in this country have created problems abroad. Rising food prices are an international problem. Indeed, the latest statistics available report larger increases in food prices for other industrialized countries than for the United States. In one respect, rising food prices are a more cirtical problem abroad because consumers in every other major country spend a larger share of their income on food than U.S. consumers. Photocopy - Preservation -5- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF FOOD CONSUMER PRICE CHANGES FOR FOOD: December 1971 to December 1972 Country Percent Change Canada 7.7 United States 4.8 Japan 4.9 France 8.7 Germany 8.0 Italy* 8.4 United Kingdom* 7.9 SOURCE: OECD Economic Indicators, February 1973. A Program to Stop Food Price Escalation The Administration is giving the problem of rising food prices top priority in its anti-inflation efforts. Compre- hensive steps have been taken in the past 3 months to moderate pressures on food prices this year. First, price controls have been retained on food processors, wholesalers, retailers and food service organizations includ- ing large restaurant chains. These controls ensure that middlemen cannot increase their rate of profit when prices rise and that when farm prices recede, the benefits will reach the consumer promptly. Second, to make certain that food supplies and prices receive top priority, new advisory and decision-making machinery has been established. The Cost of Living Council Committee on Food and a Food Advisory Committee are con- sidering a broad range of steps that Government and the private sector can take to ensure an adequate supply of food at reasonable prices. Actions taken to expand supplies are being closely monitored each week to see that they are fully implemented and new initiatives are being examined on a regular basis. A new Food Industry Wage and Salary Committee is addressing the particular problems of collective bargaining in the food industry. Third, positive actions already have been taken to augment the immediate and intermediate-run supply of food. Expanding food supplies to keep pace with growing demand is an absolutely essential ingredient in solving the food price problem. Actions to date include the following measures: *November 1971 to November 1972. Photocopy - Preservation -6- 1. The Government is selling its grain stocks with the objective of literally emptying its grain bins. Since December 1, 230 million bushels of Government-owned grains equivalent to about 3 percent of 1972 production have been sold. All government loans on farm-stored grains are scheduled for termination. Some of these loans go back to 1968 crops. Calling these loans will ensure that the equivalent of about 15 percent of 1972 production will be released into commercial market channels in coming months. 2. The record volume of grains being transported has caused transportation congestion and shortages of boxcars and hopper cars. The Department of Transportation has established a control center to identify and resolve such bottlenecks. Expediting teams are being sent into acute problem areas to help resolve problems on the spot. 3. Meat import quotas were suspended in June, 1972 and, partly as a result, imports increased 15 percent in 1972. So far in 1973, imports are up 20 percent compared with the same period a year earlier. Import quotas on nonfat dry milk were raised in January of 1973 and, on March 8, the President asked the Tariff Commission to investigate the possibility of raising cheese import quotas 50 percent this year. 4. All direct export subsidies on agricultural products have been discontinued. 5. The rice acreage allotment has been increased 10 percent to encourage increased production. 6. The price support for milk is being held to the minimum permitted by law -- 75 percent of parity. The Congress, however, is now considering legislation that would raise the minimum to 85 percent of parity. The Administration opposes this legislation. It would have an immediate un- favorable impact on the prices of milk and dairy products. 7. Most importantly, our farm programs have been sub- stantially adjusted this year to encourage greater production of grains and soybeans. In 1972, 60 million acres (about 15 percent of the Nation's cropland) were "set-aside" from productive use. Because of the new provisions this year, well over one-half of the acreage "set-aside" in 1972 will be available for productive use. Moreover, the Department of Agriculture will permit farmers to "set-aside" acres for year-around grazing and forage production in return for a 30 percent reduction in payments. This measure should encourage expanded livestock supplies in the future. In short, nearly all of the Nation's cropland can be put to productive use in 1973. Photocopy - Preservation - 7 - The Food Price Outlook in 1973 The more favorable outlook for food prices in the second half of 1973 rests on a pattern of expanding food supplies through the year. Farm prices should fall below current levels after mid-year and should be no higher at the end of the year than at the beginning. Retail food prices typically adjust less dramatically than farm prices, and there is a delay before drops in farm prices are re- flected at retail. Retail food prices should begin to level off after mid-year and the rate of increase may be near zero by the end of the year. Food Supplies Expand in 1973 Adjustments in farm programs and favorable farm prices are encouraging farmers to expand food production. The latest reports indicate greater domestic production of all major groups of food commodities except dairy and poultry products. The Administration has taken steps to increase cheese imports which would help offset lagging dairy production. PRODUCTION OF FOOD COMMODITIES Item Change from Year Earlier 1972 Estimated 1973 Commodity group - percent - Meat -2 +2 Dairy products +2 -1 Poultry and eggs +3 -1 Food grains -5 +13 Vegetables 0 +1 Fruits and nuts -10 +12 Although overall food supplies will be larger this year than last, most of the increases will come later in the year. During the first part of the year, supplies of most animal products are running below the same period of 1972. But we expect this picture to change dramatically by the fourth quarter. Photocopy - Preservation - 8 - ESTIMATED PRODUCTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS, FIRST AND FOURTH QUARTERS OF 1973 Change From a Year Earlier Item 1st Quarter : 4th Quarter Commodity -- percent -- Beef +2.5 +2.5 Pork -3.5 +5.5 Broilers -1.5 +3.5 Eggs -4.5 -1.0 Milk -1.0 +1.0 Meat Supplies. The number of cattle coming to market in recent weeks has been up only moderately from last year. However, there were 8 percent more cattle on feed at latest count (March 1) and beef production is expected to increase slightly in the next few months. Additional increases in beef supplies will continue to take place throughout the remainder of the year. Beef cattle producers are expanding their herds and more beef will be available for consumers in 1974 and 1975. The hog production cycle is turning around which will expand meat supplies in the second half of the year. Hog producers are raising a 7 percent larger pig crop in the December - May period than they were a year ago. As a result, the price of hogs should decline significantly through the year. Other Food Supplies Poultry production is expected to increase 5 to 10 percent in the next few months, but supplies will remain smaller than in 1972 until late in the year. Production is expected to continue upward throughout the year because of more favorable feed prices later this year. As a result, broiler prices probably will fall substantially between now and the end of the year. A similar pattern is expected for eggs. Photocopy - Preservation - 9 - Production of fruits this summer is expected to be well above the weather-damaged crops of 1972. However, according to preliminary information vegetable production is expected to expand very little in 1973. Reasons and possible remedies for this situation are now under intensive study by the CLC Committee on Food and by the Department of Agriculture. Farmers Will Produce More Grains & Soybeans This Administration's actions to expand the production of wheat, feed grains and soybeans will help bring feed prices down to more normal levels by fall. The latest planting intentions survey (released on March 15th) indicates that farmers plan to plant nearly 6 percent more acreage to feed grains, and 14 percent more acreage to soybeans in 1973. Wheat acreage will be up about 6 percent this year. Current forecasts call for sharply higher production of these basic commodities. Feed Grains up 5 to 10 percent Soybeans up 15 to 18 percent Wheat up 12 to 14 percent Prices of feedstuffs play a major part in the production of livestock, poultry and milk. Over the past 12 months prices of manufactured animal feed have risen 60 percent and this has contributed to some of the current production cutbacks. With expanding supplies, feed prices should fall sharply by fall and encourage more production of broilers, eggs and milk later in 1973. Beyond 1973 Much of the price-restraining benefits of bumper crops this year will not be felt by consumers until early 1974. The big crops in prospect for 1973 will reassure livestock producers of ample feed supplies next year and give them needed confidence for planning to increase meat supplies in 1974. Today's actions are, therefore, part of a larger effort to achieve sustained food price stability. A second part of this effort is to modernize basic farm legislation. The Administration will support new farm legislation (which would affect 1974 and subsequent crops) calling for substantially less government involvement in farmers' decision making. The new proposal would unhook Photocopy - - Preservation - 10 - income support payments from the outmoded parity concept and would substitute whole-farm cropland bases for the antiquated individual crop allotments. This proposal would result in lower prices and reduced government payments and is designed to become effective over a four-year period. Farmers would receive more of their income from expanded output rather than from holding back on production. Finally, the Cost of Living Council is addressing the long-term problem of costs in the food industry. The National Commission on Productivity has identified some eighty different ways to improve productivity and reduce costs. These measures are being studied and put into action wherever feasible SO that the gains from more efficient farm production will not be eaten up by inefficiency in processing and distribution. 000 Photocopy - - Preservation PRODUCTION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, 1973 CHANGE FROM A YEAR EARLIER ITEM 1st QUARTER 4th QUARTER COMMODITY BEEF +2.5% +2.5% PORK -3.5% +5.5% BROILERS -1.5% +3.5% EGGS -4.5% -1.0% MILK -1.0% +1.0% PRODUCTION OF FOOD COMMODITIES CHANGE FROM A YEAR EARLIER ITEM 1972 ESTIMATED 1973 COMMODITY GROUP MEAT -2% +2% DAIRY PRODUCTS +2% -1% POULTRY & EGGS +3% -1% FOOD GRAINS -5% +13% VEGETABLES 0 +1% FRUITS & NUTS -10% +12% Photocopy - Preservation INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF FOOD CONSUMER PRICE CHANGES FOR FOOD: DECEMBER 1971 TO DECEMBER 1972 COUNTRY PERCENT CHANGE FRANCE 8.7 ITALY* 8.4 GERMANY 8.0 UNITED KINGDOM* 7.9 CANADA 7.7 JAPAN 4.9 UNITED STATES 4.8 *November 1971 to November 1972 Source: OECD Economic Indicators, February 1973 Photocopy - Preservation