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November 1988
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November 1988
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Brent Scowcroft Papers
Brent Scowcroft Media Articles Files
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2009-0275-S
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
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Record Group/Collection:
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Collection/Office of Origin:
Scowcroft, Brent, Collection
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Media Articles Files
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November 1988
Bush taps Baker
for State, names
transition team
Mr. Grey will serve as counsel to
By Ralph Z. Hallow
and Jeremiah O'Lean
11/0
the Bush transition prior to joining
Bush's national security adviser.
>
the White House staff as general
Gov. John Sununu of New Hamp-
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
counsel after the inauguration. Mr.
shire is considered high on any list
Untermeyer will direct the transi-
for a senior White House position.
HOUSTON - President-elect George
Bush sources involved in the tran-
Bush wasted no time yesterday in making
tion's personnel work prior to join-
ing the new administration.
sition said four candidates are under
his first Cabinet appointment and an-
The transition team will have a
consideration to head the Depart-
nouncing key officials who will guide the
staff of 400 people and a budget pro-
ment of Defense: current Secretary
transition to his administration between
vided by the General Services Ad-
Frank Carlucci, former Sen. John
now and his inauguration in January.
ministration of $3.5 million.
Tower of Texas, former Rep. Jack
His first Cabinet appointment - James
Edwards of Alabama and Sen. Ted
The incoming Bush team has the
Baker III as secretary of state — was no
Stevens of Alaska.
task of sifting through tens of thou-
surprise. Mr. Bush, holding his first press
sands of applications from would-be
Mr. Carlucci, the sources said,
conference as president-elect, also named
his campaign pollster, Robert Teeter, and
political appointees vying for jobs in
may be asked to continue at the Pen-
the new administration, the non-
tagon until his successor is selected.
his vice presidential chief of staff, Craig
career Senior Executive Service and
The leading candidate to replace
Fuller, as co-directors of his transition
Schedule C positions that are the
Mr. Carlucci remains Mr. Tower, who
team.
But Mr. Baker is expected to loom large
spoils of victorious campaigns.
headed the Senate Armed Services
in the transition process, and Mr. Bush ac-
The 3,000-plus jobs are mostly
Committee before retiring in 1986.
well-paying positions at the White
Mr. Tower was a constant companion
knowledged as much yesterday, saying the
House and throughout the executive
to Mr. Bush and Vice President-elect
former Treasury secretary and White
branch.
Dan Quayle during Southern cam-
House chief of staff will be his "adviser on
White House chief of staff Ken-
paign swings. He also was one of the
key aspects of the transition."
Mr. Bush announced that his White
neth Duberstein, Mr. Reagan's tran-
prominent Republicans "spinning"
House counsel will be C. Boyden Grey and
sition leader, will preside over a
with reporters after the vice pres-
he said his White House personnel director
breakfast meeting today of all Cabi-
idential and presidential debates.
net members and agency heads.
will be Chase Untermeyer.
Mr. Edwards is a favorite of sev-
Later, en route to Washington aboard Air
Mr. Reagan, saying he expects a
eral lawmakers. He was vice chair-
Force Two, he said he will make more Cabi-
"smooth transition of power" to the
man of the House Defense Approp-
net appointments "fairly soon, but certainly
Bush administration, also appointed
riations Committee and is credited
not before I come back from Florida."
national security adviser Colin
Powell, deputy chief of staff M.B.
for being a smooth negotiator.
Mr. Bush plans to leave tonight for a four-
Oglesby, White House counsel A.B.
Mr. Stevens headed the Senate de-
day fishing holiday in South Florida, where
Culvahouse and presidential assis-
fense appropriations subcommittee
he will stay at the home of friends, then
until 1986 when the Republicans lost
tants John Tuck and Danny Crippen
return to Washington on Monday.
to assist Mr. Duberstein.
control of the Senate. The Alaskan,
He added, "I'm going to be thinking about
however, is not thought to be inter-
Meanwhile, speculation about
it, be on the telephone [and] probably have
ested in the post.
other appointees in the Bush admin-
a series of announcements within a couple
of weeks." He said the "Nixon Cabinet was
istration began in earnest yesterday
Another brewing battle is over
as Mr. Bush returned here to meet
all announced in one dramatic announce-
Mr. Quayle's staff. Bush transition
ment ceremony, but I'm not going to do
with Mr. Reagan in the Oval Office.
officials want to appoint senior ad-
Republican insiders believe Mr.
visers as Mr. Quayle's chief of staff
that."
Mr. Bush said his selection of Mr. Baker,
Bush will rely on a collegial White
and press secretary, but the Indiana
a Houston lawyer whose friendship with the
House team, somewhat on the order
senator is trying to form his own
of the James Baker-Edwin Meese-
team, according to sources.
A profile of Baker, likely to be the most
Michael Deaver team, which started
Mr. Baker, in an interview last
powerful member of the Bush Cabinet. A9.
out in 1981 as the "troika" running
weekend.
said
Mr. Reagan's administration.
president-elect dates back to the 1960s, had
Front-runner for White House
been "personally endorsed" by Secretary of
chief of staff is believed to be Mr.
State George P. Shultz.
Fuller, who has held the same post
Asked whether he would keep Attorney
General Richard Thornburgh, Treasury
for Mr. Bush for the past several
Secretary Nicholas Brady or Education
years.
Secretary Lauro Cavazos — all appointed in
Former White House deputy chief
recent months - he said, "It could be. I'll
of staff Richard Darman is consid-
have announcements on that later on."
ered a likely prospect for director of
He also said campaign press secretary
the Office of Management and Bud-
Sheila Tate would serve in the same post for
get and retired Gen. Brent Scow-
the transition, but said nothing of his plans
croft is regarded as a strong pos-
for a White House spokesman.
sibility for appointment as Mr
When it is pointed out that these
Bush's National
virtues lack one-to-one correlation (as
analysts say) with success in Wash-
ington, Alsop adds a footnote: "It took
Security Adviser:
Henry." He is referring to Kissinger,
who tells people that he spotted
Scowcroft as a comer when he saw
Inspiring Trust,
him stand up to Nixon henchman H.R.
Haldeman "with unbelievable tenaci-
ty." Unfortunately, Kissinger can't re-
member what the fight was about,
Shunning the Light
and Scowcroft will claim he's not sure
it ever happened.
"He's not the sort of person that
was negotiating the Panama Canal
anecdotes come to mind about," says
By Henry Allen
Treaty.) The fact that little of this is
11331
R. James Woolsey Jr., a Washington
Washington Post Staff Writer
true has nothing to do with what the
lawyer who, along with MIT's John
Brent Scowcroft: The name alone!
name "Brent Scowcroft" stands for.
Deutch, has written articles on strate-
Austere yet hearty, it has become
Says Henry Kissinger, who has
gic issues with Scowcroft.
a sort of Washington mantra for
employed him at Kissinger Associ-
We trust so much about Brent
these troubled times, or for any oth-
Scowcroft, and we know so little. We
ates since he left the White House
er troubled times in the past 20
knew about Harriman's past as a rail-
with Ford: "He's the epitome of a
years: brentscowcroft, brentscowcroft
type we don't have much of any-
Ease back into thoughts of bipar-
road millionaire and polo player. Dean
tisan commitment. Know the bliss of
more, of men like David Bruce [the
Acheson and Chip Bohlen were part
throw-weight parity. Feel those
late David K.E. Bruce, ambassador to
of the boarding-school old-boy net-
world tensions relax.
Great Britain], men whose real ambi-
work. With a lot of these guys, there
tion is to serve their country selfless-
are social position, family money and
"Brent," you can hear the presi-
ly."
divorces to judge them by. Scowcroft
dent saying, when Scowcroft be-
They are a great tradition. Clifford,
has had none of these. He has no
comes national security adviser in
Bunker, Bruce, Milton Eisenhower,
known enemies, either, a peculiarity
the Bush White House, "I under-
William Rogers, Paul Nitze, Robert
that he explains by saying: "If I were
stand you see an opening for us in
Lovett, Elliot Richardson, Averell
to be facetious, I'd say that if you
the Middle East."
Harriman, and so on. men gliding in
don't do anything, you don't make en-
Or: "This problem is too impor-
and out of the corridors of power with
emies."
tant for party politics-let's form a
the opulent calm of angelfish swim-
He says this during an hour of con-
commission under Brent Scowcroft."
ming through an aquarium castle.
versation at the Kissinger Associates
Indeed, "Scowcroft" is one of
Washington could not function
suite on K Street.
those names that is unimpeachably
without them. They have little parti-
It is a suite with plants in rope-coil
right when you put the word "com-
san agenda, either personal or politi-
baskets, the morning newspapers on
mission" after it.
cal. They lack the egotism of a Kissin-
the waiting room coffee table, roses
Since he arrived at the Nixon
ger or Zbigniew Brzezinski, or the
on the receptionist's desk, and a num-
White House as an Air Force colonel
political philosophy of, say, Jeane
ber of 35-ish streaked blonds who
and emerged from the Ford White
Kirkpatrick or Ted Sorensen, or the
look like they have advanced degrees
House as a retired lieutenan
deal-politik of Robert Strauss. They
in something and carry their shoul-
are precise opposites of Oliver North.
ders a little high.
al, Brent Scowcroft has become one
When they go wrong, they are John
He comes out of his office to greet
of Washington's permanent fixtures.
Poindexter, but which of them has
you. He has a clerical spareness-5
He headed the Scowcroft Commis-
gone wrong, except for Poindexter
feet 8 and 130 pounds. There is an
sion that reported to President Rea-
(who showed his true colors after the
American gothic plainness to his big
gan on the MX missile. He was
Iran-contra hearings by growing a
brow, and a wide, oddly vulnerable
has Ford's been national security adviser. He
advising
It mustache and getting contact lenses)?
smile that reveals a gold molar, way
is
hard
REAGAN - BUSH TRANSITION
Baltimore Sun
10 November 1933
D. 18
Rumors on Cabinet choices proliferate
By Stephen E. Nordlinger
Washington Bureau of The Sun
WASHINGTON - As President
elect George Bush arrived back ir
Washington from his election victo
ry. speculation swept the capita
over the selection of his new Cabi-
net.
Mr. Bush's prompt decision to
name James A. Baker III as his sec-
retary of state, a move long antici-
pated here. sparked talk of who
would be the other top players in the
new administration. Although ru-
mors came from all sides yesterday,
the informed speculation came from
the Bush camp, Republicans on
Capitol Hill and former members of
Republican administrations.
Paul H. O'Neill, chairman and
chief executive officer of Alcoa. was
being considered to become secre-
tary of defense. according to Bush
insiders. The appointment was said
to be favored by Mr. Baker. who is
already expected to be the most in-
fluential figure in the Bush adminis-
tration after the president.
University economist and an adviser
current staff chief, although some
But there was also strong specu-
to Mr. Bush. was expected to become
insiders say that at 37 he may not
lation that the defense post could go
chairman of the Council of Econom-
be close enough in age to Mr. Bush
to former Texas Sen. John G. Tower.
ic Advisers.
for the working relationship that
an arms negotiator for President
Brent Scowcroft, according to
this job requires.
Reagan and an adviser to Mr. Bush
congressional Republicans, is under
Republican pollster Robert Teeter
on national security matters.
consideration for the national secu-
was said to be in line to be a White
Mr. Baker was said to have ex-
rity adviser's job. a post he held in
House adviser to Mr. Bush.
pressed reservations about Mr. Tow-
the Ford administration. But the
er. who has lobbied intensively for
Bush camp reportedly wants to kecp
M. Peter McPherson. deputy
the post but who is regarded as
Lt. Gen. Colin L. Powell, the current
treasury secretary and former head
somewhat inflexible on defense is-
national security adviser. in some
of the Agency for International De-
capacity in the new administration.
velopment. is reportedly interested
sues.
Should Mr. Tower be named be-
Aside from Mr. Brady. Mr. Bush
in becoming the U.S. trade repre-
cause of his continuing ties to Con-
was also said to be considering keep-
sentative. succeeding Clayton K.
ing three other present Cabinet offi-
Yeutter, who may become secretary
gress. Mr. Bush may select Mr.
O'Neill as deputy secretary to man-
cials: Attorney General Richard L.
of agriculture.
age the department. Mr. O'Neill
Thornburgh. who replaced Edwin
James Burnett, former chairman
served as a top official of the Office
W. Meese III this year: Education
of the National Transportation Safe-
of Management and Budget in the
Secretary Lauro F. Cavazos, a Tex-
ty Board and currently a member of
Nixon and Ford administrations.
an, who is the first Hispanic mem-
the panel. has let it be known that
Republican sources in Congress
ber of the Cabinet: and Labor Secre-
he would like to be transportation
said that Treasury Secretary Nicho-
tary Ann Dore McLaughlin.
secretary.
las F. Brady. who is a close friend of
John H. Sunanu. the retiring gov-
Two names being discussed for
Mr. Bush and Mr. Baker. also has
ernor of New Hampshire who played
the top job in the Interior Depart-
expressed interest in becoming de-
a pivotal role in rescuing the Bush
ment are those of Henry Diamond, a
fense secretary.
campaign in February's crucial pri-
lawyer in environmental practice.
But the betting is that Mr. Brady.
mary in that state. is reportedly un-
and Nathaniel Reed. former assist-
a former Wall Street investment
der consideration for a Cabinet post,
ant secretary of the interior for fish
banker. will remain at the Treasury
possibly energy secretary.
and wildlife and parks. The Bush
Department.
William Martin. a former deputy
camp may keep Lee M. Thomas as
Richard G. Darman. a protege of
secretary in the Energy Department
head of the Environmental Protec-
Mr. Baker at the Treasury Depart-
who serves as an adviser to Mr.
tion Agency.
ment and the White House. was re-
Bush, is reportedly also among the
Sheila Tate. the Bush campaign's
ported by the Bush camp to be in
candidates to head this department.
press secretary. is keeping her post
line to be director of the Office of
Mr. Sununu. regarded as a tough
for the transition. and she appeared
Management and Budget. which
executive, is also said to be in the
to be a good bet to become the first
could be a key post in the next ad-
running to become White House
female White House press secretary.
ministration as it searches for ways
chief of staff, although he lacks
In the last days of the campaign,
to reduce the federal deficit.
Washington experience. This post
Mr. Bush said that, if elected. he
Michael J. Boskin. a Stanford
may go to Craig L. Fuller, Mr. Bush's
would name his Cabinet quickly.
Washington Post
11 November 1988
:). 21
Bush Uged to Select
Strong Security Adviser
Transition Panel Calls for Clear Set of Rules
By Don Oberdorfer
Washington Post Staff Writer
security adviser should chair key
National Security Council commit-
President-elect Bush should plan
tees, something that has sometimes
to coordinate national security pol-
been done in the past by the State
icy through a strong White House
Department, but that the adviser
national security adviser despite the
should have "a passion for anonym-
designation of his close friend,
ity" while the secretary of state re-
James A. Baker III, as secretary of
mains the spokesman and chief dip-
state, an 80-member group of gov-
lomat of U.S. foreign policy.
ernmental experts recommended
Baker's prestige, former posí-
yesterday.
tions and unusually close relation-
"Jim Baker may be assistant pres-
ship with the president-elect-as
ident, but he won't be able to run
well as the fact that he was named
other people's Cabinet depart-
to his post before any other Cabinet
ments," said Robert E. Hunter, a
member-suggest that he will have
former National Security Council
extraordinary clout in the formu-
staff official in the Carter adminis-
lation of foreign policy.
tration and cochairman of the pro-
Baker is expected to be consulted
ject on the Presidential Transition
by Bush in filling other key foreign
in International Affairs. "It is inev-
and defense policy jobs, including
itable that the bureaucracies and
that of national security adviser.
the nature of the issues will force
Reports from some insiders in the
these to some kind of coordination
Bush campaign suggest that the
in the White House."
NSC staff job is likely to be offered
Reporting on the lengthy project,
to retired lieutenant general Brent
which was organized by the Center
Scowcroft, who is widely consid-
for Strategic and International
ered to have been a conspicuous
Studies and involved former offi-
success as national security adviser
cials of seven administrations,
for President Gerald R. Ford.
Hunter said that "for national secu-
Dennis Ross, a Reagan NSC staff
rity policy, coordination will have to
official who was foreign policy is-
be White House-centered."
sues coordinator for the Bush cam-
The relationship between the
paign, is considered a leading can-
secretary of state and the presiden-
didate for the job of deputy national
tial national security adviser, which
security adviser.
has been a source of conflict and
The transition study emphasized
confusion in most recent adminis-
the need for the new administration
trations; should be subject to "a
to set priorities early to decide on
clear set of procedures" and under-
its immediate initiatives. CSIS
national economic
standings about division of labor,
President David M. Abshire, co-
tional security police
which should be publicly announced
chairman of the study, said there is
"net assessment" of
by Bush, according to the study.
a limited "window of opportunity"
and resources, an
The report said the president-
for Bush to set in motion his inter-
meeting" with congre
elect should "ensure that the na-
national policies before encounter-
on foreign and defer
tional security adviser has a firm
ing severe economic constraints
retaining of William
strategic grasp of issues, including
and conflicts with Congress. Bush
least temporarily al
but ranging beyond classic national
"can lose his freedom of action" if
Central Intelligence
security issues, but also ensure that
the initial opportunities are not
of depoliticizing the j
he or she has a devotion to making
seized, according to Abshire.
ing the posts of chief
the system work and to 'fair play.'
The study also recommended
gotiator and director
The report said Bush's national
higher-level coordination of inter-
Control and Disarmar
Washington Post
16 November 1988
p. 17
Webster: Not Lobbying to Keep Job
CIA Head Chief Willing to Stay, but Focusing on Smooth Transition
By George Lardner Jr.
name a new director so that he can
sition situation tonight at a news
Washington Post Staff Writer
"put his own stamp on things" at the
conference in New Haven, Conn.,
agency.
CIA Director William H. Webster
following a scheduled speech before
Some old CIA hands have also
is "stung" by reports that he is ner-
the Yale Political Union.
been complaining, sources said, that
vously hoping to be kept on by
According to Baker, he "sort of
Webster, a former judge and, Fed-
President-elect George Bush, and
jokes about it, saying that he feels
eral Bureau of Investigation direc-
he is not actively campaigning to
like a private citizen who's been on
tor, does not have enough of a
remain in his post, a top aide to
loan to government service and the
world view or comprehensive strat-
Webster said yesterday.
loan's been going on for 20 years."
egy for a U.S. intelligence chief.
Webster, appointed by President
Webster was neither President
Baker said, however, that Web-
Reagan last year at the peak of the
Jimmy Carter's first choice as FBI
ster, 64, takes pride in what he con-
Iran-contra scandal, is prepared to
director in 1978 nor was he Rea-
siders the calming influence he has
stay if Bush wants him, but at this
gan's first pick in 1987 following
had on the agency.
point he is interested primarily in a
the death of activist CIA Director
"He'd like to be remembered for
smooth transition, CIA spokesman
William Casey.
guiding the agency through trou-
Bill Baker said.
There have been criticisms since
bled times, building smooth rela-
"If he is asked to stay on, he will.
then the agency has lost energy,
tionships with Congress and for the
If not, he is prepared to go back into
but Baker suggested this was inev-
initiatives he's taken," Baker said.
[private legal] practice," Baker said
itable in the wake of the Iran-contra
He said those initiatives included
in a telephone interview.
affair and a leveling off of the intel-
internal guidelines for dealing with
The election of Bush, a former
ligence budget, which he said began
Congress, "so our people are no
CIA director, has produced a flurry
in 1986.
longer accused of deception" and
of speculation that he will want to
"CIA director and FBI director,
are told simply to demur when
they're both tough jobs," said Bak-
faced with difficult questions they
Bradv
CONTINUED
er, who also served under Webster
feel they cannot answer candidly.
became Bush's campaign chairman and is
at the bureau. "You can't hold them
now his choice for secretary of state.
Webster, Baker said, has also
without a difference of opinion from
Brady's appointment long had been ex-
"strengthened our covert-action re-
some clients and customers. What
pected, and Bush was said by associates
view program," elevated the CIA in-
he [Webster] wants is a smooth
to want to make it quickly while announc-
spector general to "equal footing
transition, not politicizing the agen-
ing other members of the economic team
with the four princes" (the heads of
cy, but keeping it moving."
later this week.
the agency's four directorates), em-
This will become even more dif-
The vice president said he had not dis-
phasized
counterintelligence,
ficult in the months ahead as the
cussed with Brady the savings and loan
stressed objectivity in intelligence
budget shrinks even more, Baker
industry crisis, which by some estimates
assessments and strengthened re-
added. "The golden days were over
could require a government infusion of
lationships with foreign countries,
in 1986," Baker said.
$50 billion or more to protect federally
having visited 18 during his tenure.
insured depositors. "I expect we'll sit
"It's a tougher time, to lead an
Webster may speak of his tran-
down and do that fairly soon," Bush said.
agency when there's not enough
sustain the economic recovery and
money to go around," he said.
The vice president praised his friend,
saying Brady "brings to his office an ex-
praised Bush as a man who "brings enor-
Among those who have been
mous optimism to the job that lies
mentioned as possible successors to
traordinary knowledge of financial mar-
kets" because of his position on Wall
ahead."
Webster are James Lilley, U.S. am-
Bush is expected to announce other
bassador to South Korea and for-
Street. Bush also noted Brady had served
an appointed term in the U.S. Senate and
Cabinet appointments soon and has in-
mer CIA station chief in Peking
dicated he wants to let his selections for
been a member of several key commis-
when Bush was U.S. envoy to China
top jobs largely fill their own depart-
sions, including the Kissinger commission
in the 1970s; former national secu-
ments.
on Central America; the Packard commis-
rity adviser Brent Scowcroft; De-
Quayle's attendance at the Bush-Kohl
sion on defense reforms; and most I'l'-
fense Secretary Frank C. Carlucci;
meeting was one of several events on the
cently the panel that investigated the
vice president-elect's stepped-up sched-
1987 stock market plunge.
the. He also had several meetings with
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
Brady refused to comment on the re-
conservative activists and planned to join
cent slide in the dollar. In prepared re-
Bush and others last night at the National
marks, he said he would help Bush'try to
Literacy Honors black-tie dinner.
Los Angeles Times
17 November 1988 p.l
Report Hits U.S.
Intelligence as
'Insufficient'
By ROBIN WRIGHT,
Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON-In a
sharply critical assessment
of U.S. capabilities, a new
report issued Wednesday
charged that American in-
telligence is "insufficient"
to meet national security
needs in the next decade
stituted will not be up to the
sy in Moscow, which led to reas-
and called for significant
challenges of the 1990s."
sessments of Soviet espionage
reforms.
The report also warns that the
technology. The report claims that
The grim assessment
United States may soon face the
Soviet spy technology now equals
prospect of limiting the scope of its
or, for the first time, exceeds that of
carries particular weight
because it came not from
intelligence operations.
the United States.
outside analysts but largely
"In a period of declining resourc-
While stressing that American
from leading figures in the
es, as the 1990s are sure to be, we
technical capabilities must be im-
top U.S. intelligence bodies.
can't defend against every threat,"
proved, the report predicted that
Among the contributors
Godson said in an interview.
technology will play a less impor-
were Robert Gates, deputy
The report comes at a time of
tant role in espionage in the next
growing controversy within the
decade.
CIA director, and James
Geer, the FBI's top intelli-
intelligence community because of
Missile Photos Cited
gence official.
a series of unprecedented setbacks,
which the report links to growing
"The machines that see and hear
The report, "Intelligence
Requirements for the
U.S. weaknesses.
things were very good for us in the
1960s and 1970s when the basic
1990s," released by the Consortium
'Decade of the Spy'
concern was the Soviet military,"
for the Study of Intelligence, cul-
Over the last decade, more than
Godson said, specifically citing So-
minates 10 years of analysis by an
60 Americans employed by U.S.
viet missile silos photographed by
independent panel of policy-mak-
intelligence units have been caught
satellites.
ers and academics.
Intelligence community insiders
spying for foreign governments.
"But now we are going to be
are predicting that its recommen-
The so-called "decade of the spy"
concerned with technology that is
dations will have an impact on the
occurred in large part because of
not seeable at all, such as bioengi-
policies and appointments of Presi-
inadequate coordination of coun-
neering or chemical warfare."
The report calls for more inno-
dent-elect George Bush, who will
terintelligence among the more
be the first President to have
than half dozen major U.S. intelli-
vative use of human resources and
served as chief of U.S. intelligence.
gence agencies, the report said.
recruitment of more specialists. In
It already has been endorsed by
"In personnel security, we spend
too many areas, "generalist case
most of our money doing back-
officers usually operate under thin
three former national security ad-
visers, including retired Lt. Gen.
ground checks on people who are
cover," which often limits their
Brent Scowcroft, who is reportedly
entering government. But people
contacts and knowledge, and con-
being considered for that post or
get recruited not before they get
tributes to the discovery of their
into sensitive jobs, but after," said
identities, the report said.
the top CIA job in the Bush Admin-
istration; Sen. David L. Boren (D-
Kenneth deGraffenreid, senior di-
Under the current system, the
Okla.), chairman of the Senate
rector of intelligence programs at
problems in anticipating interna-
Select Committee on Intelligence;
the White House between 1981 and
tional events may only get worse,
and former President Richard M.
1987 and a contributor to the
Godson said. "We're about to face a
Nixon.
report.
collection problem," he noted, be-
He cited the case of Edward Lee
cause of the new issues that are
The report calls for reform and
Howard, a fired former Soviet
diverting resources, such as nar-
modernization of espionage and
specialist at the CIA who defected
cotics, terrorism and arms control
analysis capabilities, creation of a
new counterintelligence body and
to Moscow. "Even though relations
monitoring.
between the FBI and CIA were
increased use of covert action.
Because the 1990s are líkely to be
"The missions and procedures in
closer than they'd ever been, he
"a period of declining resources," it
American intelligence were basi-
escaped largely because the two
also calls for the Bush Administra-
cally set into being in the 1950s and
weren't talking enough," he said.
tion and the new Congress to
1960s," said Roy Godson, a George-
The report calls for the creation
establish specific intelligence pri-
of a new body or interagency
orities.
town University government pro-
committee to monitor counterintel-
fessor and editor of the report.
In what is almost certain to spark
"We're saying that that's not
ligence in this nation and overseas.
controversy, the report says that
Another weakness was revealed
good enough for the 1990s. Ameri-
the covert action must be used
when secret listening devices were
can intelligence as presently con-
increasingly as "a regular instru-
discovered in the new U.S. Embas-
ment of statecraft."
New York Times 17 November 1988 p. B12
Bush Narrowing Field
For Top Cabinet Posts
By MAUREEN DOWD
Mr
leter, it was thought; night
Special to The New York Times
stay on as a top deputy to Mr. Sununu,
or he might return to Michigan and
WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 - Presi-
tions; Jim Pinkerton. director of policy
open another polling and consulting
dent-elect Bush began to narrow the
development; David Ryder, director of
business. Although he had reportedly
field for remaining Cabinet posts and
the Office of Management; Kathleen
been interested in the troika concept,
senior White House staff positions to-
Shanahan, office of the Vice President
he signaled today that he was wearying
day as the directorsof his transition to
liaison, and Chase Untermeyer, direc-
of the Washington power struggle when
the White House tried to counter the
tor of personnel.
he said he had not "addressed" the
impression that intense jockeying for
Pledge for Transition Team
question of whether he would stay on in
positions had rent the Bush team into
a White House run by Mr. Sununu. "As
factions.
Mr. Fuller said Mr. Bush had asked
you know, I've been looking forward to
As he accelerated what his aides
the members of his transition staff to
going back to Michigan, and I'll look
termed "a friendly takover," Mr. Bush
sign a pledge that is intended to pre-
forward to it again, only on January
met today with Margaret Thatcher, the
vent conflicts of interest and stop unau-
20th instead of November 8th."
British Prime Minister, and Andrei D.
thorized disclosures to the press. The
At a news conference today in Con-
Sakharov, the Soviet physicist and
pledge requires all staff members of
cord, N.H., Governor Sununu would say
human rights campaigner. The Presi-
the transition team to "hold in confi-
only that he had had "discussions"
dent-elect planned to see Mrs.
dence any non-public information pro-
with the Vice President about the chief
Thatcher again Thursday morning,
vided" in the course of their duties and
of staff job. "A request isn't a formal
when he will be the host at a breakfast
to disqualify themselves from any
request until the tall, thin guy sings,"
for her at his official Vice-Presidential
transition matter that appears to be a
Mr. Sununu said.
residence.
financial conflict of interest.
For the Defense Secretary's job, for-
Mr. Bush will receive lists recom-
So far, Mr. Bush has named two 01
mer Senator John G. Tower of Texas is
mending from three to nine candidates
his closest friends and advisers --
still considered the leading contender,
for each Cabinet position over the next
James A. Baker 3d and Nicholas F.
although there is concern among some
few days. He will then decide on a case-
Brady - as his choices for Secretary of
Bush aides that his strong relation-
by-case basis whether he wants to in-
State and Secretary of the Treasury,
ships with Congress would provide him
terview prospects personally.
respectively. The President-elect has
with a base that might give him enough
His transition co-directors, Robert
alos decided on John H. Sununu, the
power to promote his own agenda when
Teeter and Craig L. Fuller, said he was
outgoing Governor of New Hampshire,
it goes against the administration's
looking at foreign policy and economic
as his chief of staff, according to aides.
jobs now, but would move on quickly to
And now he is trying to figure out a way
policy.
other areas. Out of 12 department
to keep Mr. Teeter and Mr. Fuller in a
Although Mr. Baker has denied that
heads still open, speculation has cen-
Bush administration.
he is trying to block Mr. Tower's ap-
tered on four influential posts: Defense
Mr. Fuller has fought hard for the
pointment, some Republicans close to
Secretary, national security adviser,
chief of staff's job and was described
Mr. Bush express strong doubt that Mr.
budget director and Attorney General.
by one friend as "not a happy camper."
Baker would support the choice of the
Bush Firmly in Charge
Mr. Bush also rejected the notion of a
conservative Mr. Tower. "If you've got
"troika," consisting of Mr. Sununu, Mr.
a strong Secretary of State, as Baker
The transition chiefs said at a brief-
Fuller and Mr. Teeter. that would have
would be, it's fairly easy to be domi-
ing this morning that they would meet
run White House operations, similar to
nant in relation 10 the national security
with Mr. Bush daily to review names
the three officials in President Rea-
adviser," a Republican official said.
for two or three Cabinet jobs each day.
gan's first term. The three officials
But if you've got a strong Secretary of
The process, Mr. Teeter said, is de-
were Mr. Baker, Edwin Meese 3d and
Defense then you can can have prob-
signed to to help Mr. Bush feel "totally
Michael K. Deaver.
lems. That guy can really run a sepa-
familiar with the issues facing these
There was some talk that Mr. Fuller
rate policy
departments" so that "he knows ex-
might be offered a high-level White
Richard Burt, the United States Ain-
actly the kind of people he wants."
House staff job or that the 37-year-old
bassador to West Germany, is being
So far, Mr. Bush has been piecing his
aide, who is a licensed pilot, might be
considered for the National Security
Administration together in a deliber-
considered to head the Transportation
Council job, but at the moment the
ate, highly centralized and secretive
Department or the National Aeronau-
manner, making it clear that he will be
leading candidate seems to be Brent
tics and Space Administration.
Scowcroft, a retired Air Force lieuten-
the one who IS firmly in charge of each
'They'll Hear From Me'
ant general, who held the post in the
final decision.
Asked about the Sunumu selection at
Ford Administration. But there is con-
His aides said Mr. Bush has not yet
the briefing this morning, Mr. Fuller
cern among some senior Bush aides
addressed the question of the kind of
said that he had asked Mr. Bush what
that Mr. Scowcroft is so skilled in the
policy structure he wants.
The transition directors announced a
to say to the press and that the Vice
ways of the bureaucracy that he could
staff that included Michael Farren as
President's comment had been, "Just
emerge as a serious rival to Mr. Baker.
let them know that when I'm ready 10
Richard G. Darman, the former
transition deputy director; Tom Colla-
more, liaison to the Office of the Vice
make an announcement. they'll hear
Deputy Treasury Secretary who is now
from me on this."
an investment banker, is favored for
President and a co-director of the exec-
utive secretariat; David Demarest, di-
Mr. Fuller said he was not opposed to
the top spot at the Office of Manage-
rector of public affairs; Fred Fielding,
Mr. Sununu's appointment. "There's
ment and Budget.
director of the Office of the Vice Presi-
no one standing here who's opposed to
Mr. Bush is considering retaining At-
dent-Elect and First Lady: C. Boyden
John Sununu having a major role in
torney General Dick Thornburgh, but
Gray, transition counsel: Janet Mul-
this administration," he said, as he
other names under consideration in-
stood next to Mr. Teeter.
clude William D. Ruckelshaus, who has
lins, director of Congressional rela-
twice been administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
WASHINGTON POST
17 November 1988
Pg. 38
Scant Prospects Seen for Swift START Treaty
Reagan Leaves Bush 'Solid Foundation,' but President-Elect's Emphasis May 'Not Be the Same'
By R. Jeffrey Smith
Washington Post Staff Writer
the National Security Council staff,
more willing than Reagan to pursue
The United States and the Soviet
has said the two agreements would
a compromise with the Soviets on
Union concluded six years of nego-
be pursued "in tandem" although
one of the major obstacles to a stra-
tiations on a treaty reducing stra-
not formally linked. Another senior
tegic accord-the Soviet demand
tegic nuclear arms yesterday with a
adviser, who asked not to be
for constraints on testing and de-
commitment to keep trying but
named, said "if Bush could start
velopment of U.S. ballistic missile
with scant prospects for a quick
from scratch, he would want to get
defenses under the Strategic De-
deal under the administration of
a conventional agreement first, but
fense Initiative, or "Star Wars," pro-
President-elect George Bush.
the political problems would now be
gram.
President Reagan marked the
too severe to simply put START
Bush told reporters Monday that
occasion with a written assertion at
[the Strategic Arms Reduction
"I have indicated nothing to give
the White House that "we leave the
Treaty] on the shelf."
[the Soviets] hope on that
next administration a
"The emphasis on the agreement
question, because my position on
NEWS
solid foundation upon
[under Bush] will not be the same"
SDI is stated, and it is
not
ANALYSIS
which to build," al-
as under Reagan, the adviser said.
changeable." But a senior adviser
though "major areas of disagree-
In a move signifying some anx-
reiterated yesterday that "Bush
iety about Bush's views, a group of
certainly doesn't feel the way Rea-
ment remain" after 11 negotiating
legislators from the North Atlantic
gan does about SDI" and that as
sessions.
Treaty Organization is expected
president, he will be highly attuned
On Tuesday, chief U.S. negoti-
today to approve a resolution call-
to the stress the program's rapid
ator Max M. Kampelman said he
ing on the United States "to pro-
budget growth has placed on other
had been "authorized" to say that
ceed without delay-and without
areas of the military budget.
Bush "is fully committed to the pro-
linkage to conventional arms-con-
Bush has backed a "broad" or per-
cess under way" in Geneva, and
trol negotiation-to finalize, ratify
missive reading of the 1972 Anti-
supportive of "our basic objectives."
and implement a START treaty
ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty that
But nothing he said quieted wide-
based on the framework negotiated
by the Reagan administration."
was advanced by Reagan but re-
spread doubts that Bush will work
The resolution was approved yes-
jected by the Soviets and Congress.
aggressively for an early agree-
terday by the military committee of
However, Scowcroft told reporters.
ment, or support every provision in
the North Atlantic Assembly at a
during the campaign that Bush also
the U.S. version of the massive,
meeting in Hamburg. It was spon-
believed the treaty "has been useful,
draft texts exchanged by the nego-
sored by U.S. Sen. Joseph R. Biden
to the United States and remains
tiators at their closing meeting.
(D-Del.) and Sir Geoffrey Johnson-
useful." Scowcroft also expressed
Smith, a member of the Conserva-
the view that because of advances
The questions arise in part be-
tive Party in the British Parliament.
in technology since it was signed,
cause of Bush's campaign promise
Additional questions about pros-
the treaty "probably needs some
to intensify work on a treaty reduc-
pects for a quick strategic accord
updating."
ing non-nuclear, or conventional,
under Bush arise because several
Bush's views on other key obsta-
arms, implying it would have a high-
top campaign advisers, such as for-
cles to a strategic arms accord hävé
er priority than completion of the
mer White House national security
not been laid out by his advisers or
strategic accord. Senior Reagan
adviser Brent Scowcroft, have ex-
transition team. These include sub-
administration officials have pre-
pressed "misgivings" about provi-
stantial disputes over the permitted
dicted that at least five and prob-
sions in the treaty that have tenta-
number of land-based ballistic mis-
ably 10 more years of negotiation
tively been agreed to.
siles, and air-launched or sea-based
may be needed to reach a conven-
Scowcroft told reporters during
cruise missiles. The sides also dis-
tional accord.
the campaign, for example, that he
agree about modernization of ex-
Dennis Ross, a foreign policy ad-
did not like a rule that land- and
isting land-based missiles, and con-
viser to Bush during the campaign
sea-based nuclear missiles should
struction of a Soviet radar near the
who is expected to be appointed, to
be counted as carrying whatever
city of Krasnoyarsk in eastern Si-
number of warheads the respective
beria.
governments state, rather than the
maximum number used in flight
tests. Scowcroft believes the pro-
vision raises a possibility that one
side could quickly add new war-
heads to missiles with reasonable
assurance of their effectiveness.
Scowcroft and other Bush advis-
ers also predicted during the cam-
paign, however, that Bush would be
NBC NIGHTLY NEWS
NBC-TV
ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT ABC-TV
7:00 P.M.
NOVEMBER 23
6:30 P.M.
NOVEMBER 23
National Security Adviser Named
National Security Adviser Named
TOM BROKAW: Another name
PETER JENNINGS:
Vice
was added today to the Bush
President Bush has made another
White House staff, Brent
strong political statement
Scowcroft, a close associate of
today about the kind of
Henry Kissinger. Bush today
political apparatus he'll feel
named him National Security
comfortable with as President:
Adviser, a job that he also
pragmatic, professional, and
held under Gerald Ford. Bush
ideologically pretty much in
described the retired Air Force
the middle of the road. The
General as a good friend, and
clue today is in the man Mr.
more.
Bush has chosen to be his
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: He
National Security Adviser.
will be an honest broker. He
It's a very big job. He's a
will convey to me exactly the
former Air Force General who
feelings of the Cabinet members
has done the job before.
that are involved in inter-
Here's ABC's Jim Wooten.
national affairs, national
JIM WOOTEN: They go back a
security affairs. He will
long way, this President-elect
bring those together. But
and this once and future
because of his tremendous
National Security Adviser,
experience, obviously, he will
Brent Scowcroft.
convey to me, unvarnished, his
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: A man
own view on policy matters of
with whom I have worked in
tremendous importance.
various capacities in the past,
a man for whom I have extra-
Unrest in the Soviet Union
ordinarily high regard.
WOOTEN: That high regard is
BROKAW: Many of the people
fairly unanimous within the
in the Soviet Union continue to
Republican foreign policy
speak out. This was one of the
establishment. In Nixon's
worst days of Soviet unrest
White House, Scowcroft was
since last spring. Two
Henry Kissinger's deputy.
Southern republics were hit
Under Ford, he became the
hard DY protest. In Azer-
National Security Adviser,
baijan, three soldiers were
while Bush ran the CIA.
killed, 126 people were injured
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: I
in riots involving Azerbaijanis
worked with Brent -- maybe I
and Armenians. In a neigh-
should put it this way: I
boring republic, Georgia, the
worked for Brent when I was the
parliament defied the Kremlin
Director of Central Intelli-
by voting to put its own stamp
gence.
on proposed changes in the
WOOTEN: Last year Scowcroft
Soviet constitution.
The
served on the panel that
Georgian parliament was backed
investigated the National
by an estimated 200,000 people
Security Council's role in the
who gathered outside.
Iran-Contra scandal. The Vice
President said today that
Scowcroft will be a coordina-
Tower doesn't get the job, Mr.
making it clear he's no Ronald
Bush may well turn to someone
Reagan, that the days of carte
with both Pentagon and defense
blanche spending on fancy new
industry experience. Heading
weapons systems are over. By
the list, Martin Marietta's top
choosing Brent Scowcroft as his
executive, Norman Augustine.
National Security Adviser, Mr.
Bob Zelnick, ABC News.
Bush is siding with the
pragmatists over the ideo-
Unrest in the Soviet Union
logues.
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: He
JENNINGS: In the Soviet
knows, too, the importance of
Union, a new outbreak of
approaching our foreign and
violence between ethnic
national security policy on a
Armenians and Azerbaijanis has
bipartisan basis.
left three Soviet soldiers dead
STAHL: Scowcroft's job:
and another 126 people injured
get along with Congress and
in the Soviet Republic of
keep an eye on the bottom line.
Azerbaijan. Reports from the
BRENT SCOWCROFT: There's no
region say authorities have
question that we have serious
been trying to restore order
problems with the defense
for six days.
budget.
It is the worst flare-up of
STAHL: Scowcroft. He
violence in the area since
learned the Washington power
early spring.
game as a protege of Henry
Kissinger. He was Gerald
Ford's National Security
Adviser when George Bush ran
CBS EVENING NEWS
CBS-TV
the CIA.
6:30 P.M.
NOVEMBER 23
With his reputation as a
moderate, it didn't take long
National Security Adviser Named
for the Reagan conservatives to
complain.
PAUL WEYRICH: He is a very,
DAN RATHER: President-elect
very strong opponent of SDI in
George Bush did the expected,
the form that Ronald Reagan
in one way, again today. He
conceived it And I'm very
named Brent Scowcroft to be his
sorry to see the appointment.
National Security Adviser in
SENATOR SAM NUNN: Brent
the White House. Among many
probably displays too much
other government jobs, Scow-
common sense to make everybody
croft served on the panel
happy. He's guilty of treating
President Reagan appointed to
SDI as a technology, rather
look into the weapons-for-Iran
than a theology.
wheeling and dealing.
STAHL:
Congressional
CBS News national affairs
sources say that Mr. Bush named
correspondent Lesley Stahl
Scowcroft before choosing a
reports on what the Bush-Quayle
Defense Secretary to show that
team wants the public to
he wants the White House to
believe is behind Scowcroft's
keep a firm grip on defense
appointment as National
policy and spending.
Security Adviser, a job he's
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: The
held before.
need to keep America strong has
LESLEY STAHL: On national
got to be a part of it. But I
security policy, George Bush is
would also say a willingness to
9
FRIDAY
NOVEMBER 25, 1988
take a fresh, tough look, in
these times of budgetary
parts were for C-130s purchased
crunch, at the Defense Depart-
when U.S. relations with Iran
ment.
were good.
LAWRENCE KORB: I think he's
The planes were crucial to
trying to say he's going to go
the Iranian forces in the war
back more toward what was
with Iraq and used for many
considered the mainstream
functions, including supplying
before Ronald Reagan came in.
troops in the field and
STAHL: And another depar-
refueling jet fighters in
ture from the Reagan style.
midair. Since 1979, when U.S.
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: Keep
hostages were seized at the
me informed.
embassy in Teheran, it's been
REPORTER: Post-midnight
illegal to sell American-made
interruptions?
aircraft parts to Iran.
VICE PRESIDENT BUSH: Yeah.
Law enforcement sources say
Wake me up. Wake me. Shake me
Aer Lingus made a huge profit
and wake me.
in the operation, ordering
parts for its own civilian
Selection of Defense Secretary
version of the C-130, trans-
porting the goods to London,
STAHL: As for Defense
and then illegally trans-
Secretary, friends of leading
shipping them to Iran.
candidate John Tower deny
The operation allegedly went
reports that he's been offered
on from 1981 to 1987 and was
the post with conditions, or
discovered earlier this year
that he's negotiating for the
through evidence seized by U.S.
job. Other sources say Mr.
Customs agents in Miami during
Bush is still interviewing
an investigation of another
candidates and hopes to make
aircraft firm.
his decision next week.
Aer Lingus confirmed the
Lesley Stahl, CBS News,
investigation but would not
Washington.
comment. The Irish Embassy
acknowledged that, although the
Illegal Shipments to Iran
airline is not government-
owned, the Irish Ambassador
RATHER: CBS News has
visited the State Department
learned of another secret
last month to advise of his
pipeline reportedly used for
government's official concern
smuggling military equipment
about the case.
from the United States to Iran.
If charged and convicted,
This time, illegal shipment of
Aer Lingus could face millions
U.S. aircraft parts. The
of dollars in fines.
suspected go-between?
The
Sources say the State
national airline of Ireland.
Department has some reserva-
CBS News correspondent Rita
tions about charging the
Braver has the exclusive
national airline of such a
details on this still unfolding
close ally. But so far,
investigation.
indictment is expected.
RITA BRAVER: CBS News, has
Justice Department officials
learned that Aer Lingus, the
admit that the case has
Irish national airline, is now
embarrassing
diplomatic
under investigation by a
implications when the Reagan
federal grand jury on charges
Administration itself sold arms
of illegally shipping millions
to the Ayatollah in the
of dollars worth of American
Iran-Contra affair.
aircraft parts to Iran.
Rita Braver, CBS News, at
Sources say that many of the
the Justice Department.
10
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 25, 19
ush Chooses
owcroft to Be
Los Angeles Times
curity Adviser
BUSH: Scowcroft Picked for Security Pos
DAVID LAUTER
Continued from Page 1
development" of policy and "not [to
week, one Cabinet officer instruct
JAMES GERSTENZANG,
security staff as a deputy to Henry
be] a policy-maker."
ed his aides to encourage non-ca
nes Staff Writers
A. Kissinger in the Richard M.
And Bush said he expects Scow-
reer people in the department no
Nixon Administration before tak-
croft to wake him in the event of a
to have high hopes of remaining C
ASHINGTON-President-
ing over under Ford in 1975 and
major international incident. In at
the job, one source said.
George Bush, reinforcing a
1976.
least one celebrated case-the U.S.
And, at the Pentagon, where a
rn of appointing seasoned
In filling some of these same
clash with Libyan jets off Libya's
218 political appointees have bee
ington insiders to top jobs in
posts, Reagan, in his first term,
coast in 1981-then-White House
asked for their resignations,
ew Administration, Wednes-
installed men like Alexander M.
counselor Edwin Meese III let the
would imagine they would all }
apped Brent Scowcroft for a
Haig Jr. at the State Department,
President sleep through the night
swept away," one senior civil sei
n engagement as national se-
Donald T. Regan at Treasury and
before telling him of the engage-
vant said.
Bush owes a lot
adviser, a post he held in the
David A. Stockman as budget di-
ment. Bush made clear that he will
debts to a lot of people differei
d Ford Administration.
rector-men who were far more
operate under a different rule.
from Reagan."
the same time, Bush aides
ideologically motivated and more
"Shake me and wake me," he
The bureaucratic ability to sur
rmed that the President-elect
skilled at attacking the opposition
said, laughing.
vive, however, could slow Bush
ts to replace about 90% of the
than negotiating with it.
According to one source familiar
efforts. Although tightening
political appointees who cur-
Bush transition officials hope
with the selection process, Bush
Civil Service rules has closed som
y hold Administration posts,
that his nominees may be able to
decided to move quickly on the
of the loopholes political appointe
of whom had expected that
work together without as many of
announcement of Scowcroft to cut
once employed to save their job
Republican credentials would
the sharp personal conflicts that
short a lobbying campaign for the
when administrations changed, th
them to keep their jobs.
plagued that early Reagan Admin-
national security job by Richard R.
bureaucracy has many hiding plac
e're not trying to set off
istration team. In the national se-
Burt, the U.S. ambassador to West
es and many officials have power
said Bush transition direc-
curity post, for example, Bush
Germany and former assistant sec-
ful political allies who can he
Craig Fuller, but "our first
made clear that Scowcroft will be
retary of state.
them.
ity is to bring new people in."
an influential, but subordinate,
Bush clearly is enjoying the job
Bush, responding to a question
eks to Reassure Allies
member of his foreign policy group.
of shaping the government, a task
the press conference, said he do
th developments fit the tone of
Baker, as secretary of state, will
he sought for more than a decade
have firm ideas about what }
wants for one as-of-yet unfille
ge amid continuity that Bush
be the Administration's "chief
and he seems to be feeling little
ried to set since the election.
spokesman" on foreign policy,
pressure. Asked, for example, at
post, secretary of defense. He sa
ne one hand, he has tried to
Bush said at a press conference
the press conference about his
he is seeking an official who ca
lish that the government after
after announcing Scowcroft's ap-
feelings for those who are waiting
"manage that department
20 will be truly his and not
pointment. Scowcroft "will be an
to hear about their futures, Bush
[and] institute the reforms that
ly a third-term Reagan Ad-
honest broker," he said, who will
responded: "There is a hurtful
talked about in the campaign"
tration. At the same time, he
"convey to me exactly the feelings
human side when a decision hasn't
improve how the Pentagon spen
ought to reassure U.S. allies
of the Cabinet members."
been made, and sol do worry about
its vast budget. The new secretar
"Because of his tremendous ex-
it. But I'm less tense about that
will need "a willingness to take
ervous world financial mar-
that the government will be
perience, obviously, he-will convey
kind of thing than I used to be."
fresh, tough look in these times
y senior, experienced hands.
to me, unvarnished, his own view
Others in the government, how-
budgetary crunch™ at the Defen
sh's senior appointments seem
on policy matters," Bush added, but
ever, are growing more tense. At a
Department."
nal his recognition that hav-
the job will be to "coordinate the
senior staff meeting earlier this
Opponents of the most wide
been elected along with a
gly Democratic Congress, he
move away from Reagan's
Thursday, November 24, 1988/Part I
23
confrontational approach to
gislative branch if his Admin-
ion is to prosper. Scoweroft,
mentioned candidate for the de-
bacher, a longtime friend and fund-
for potential women appointee:
S A. Baker III as secretary of
fense job, former Sen. John Tower
raiser for the President-elect,
Peace Corps Director Loret M.
Nicholas F. Brady as Trea-
(R-Tex.), have charged that he
"looks in pretty good shape" to be
Ruppe has been actively seeking
secretary, Richard G. Darman
lacks managerial experience and
named secretary of commerce. He
post within the Administration
idget director and John H.
may be lukewarm on reform pro-
also confirmed that Bush will not
possibly as a counselor to th
nu as chief of staff are all
grams. Bush, however, also
ask Lt. Gen. Colin L. Powell, whom
President. And Labor Secretar
rately conservative men
stressed the importance of "experi-
Scowcroft will be replacing, to give
Ann Dore McLaughlin has bee
n for their political skills
ence" and "an ability to get along
up his military career for a civilian
seeking to keep her job, somethin
than for their sharp ideolo-
with the Congress," both strong
job. Powell is expected to assume a
the senior Bush aide indicate
suits for Tower, who served four
senior Army command that is a
probably would not happen.
but Sununu, the governor of
terms in the Senate.
stepping stone to chief of staff.
Staff writers Ronald J. Ostrow
Hampshire, are longtime
On other posts, one key Bush
Powell would be the Army's
Paul Houston and John M. Brode
ington insiders with close
aide confirmed that Robert Mos-
highest ranking black officer. As
contributed to this story.
ections and broad respect on
ol Hill. Scowcroft, a 63-year-
ormer Air Force lieutenant
al, served on the national
Please see BUSH, Page 23
22
Part I/Thursday, November 24, 1988
Los Angeles Times
Foreign Policy Experts Welcome Scowcroft Back to Old Job
ernizing U.S. nuclear weapons, and
named him chairman of the Presi-
dent's Commission on Strategic
Forces.
By DOYLE McMANUS, Times Staff Writer
Scowcroft served on the com-
WASHINGTON-Almost two
called "understated tenacity" may
added dryly.
U.S. commitment to defending Eu-
He soon came to the attention of
mission named by Reagan and
years ago, as a member of the
make him a strong counterweight
In an interview earlier this
rope; Bush supported the treaty.
Kissinger, who was impressed by
headed by former Texas Sen. John
présidential commission that in-
to George Bush's secretary of state
month, Scowcroft said that he
And Scowcroft has been discreetly
Scowcroft's intelligence, hard work
Tower to investigate the Iran-Con-
vestigated the Iran-Contra scan-
designate, James A. Baker III.
believes the national security ad-
skeptical about the Strategic De-
and willingness to work impossible
tra affair in 1986-87. As the only
dal, Brent Scowcroft examined
"He's a man with strong views,"
viser should operate "offstage
fense Initiative, Reagan's effort to
hours. "He sometimes worked so
member of the three-man panel
Ronald Reagan's National Security
said Kissinger, who first hired
[not] center stage." But he has also
devise a system to defend the
hard that he looked like a walking
who had served on the NSC staff,
Council staff-and told friends
Scowcroft on the NSC staff during
emphasized that the adviser "is not
United States against nuclear at-
cadaver, Sonnenfeldt recalled.
he was unsparing in his criticism of
bluntly that he was "appalled" at
the Administration of Richard M.
simply the manager of the process.
And he had a very high boiling
the breakdown of controls within
tack. Asked on Wednesday wheth-
point; he almost never got rattled.'
the White House that led to Rea-
what he found.
Nixon. "He did not hesitate to
He, himself, should be an
er Scowcroft's appointment sig-
The President's foreign policy
disagree with me when he felt it
important source of advice to the
naled a pullback from Reagan's
Kissinger named Scowcroft dep-
gan's secret sales of weapons to
machinery had failed completely at
was justified.
And
I
can
think
President."
aims for the program, Bush replied:
uty national security adviser in
Iran and the diversion of profits to
one of its most important tasks, to
of two or three times when he
"With Brent's appointment,
"Not at all."
1973, and relied on him heavily
the Nicaraguan rebels.
warn Reagan when policies were
actually prevailed."
there's a lot of strength being
Scowcroft, 63, brings unusually
during whirlwind rounds of diplo-
An official who was present said
going astray, Scowcroft com-
Other Scowcroft friends said that
accumulated on the White House
deep expertise and experience to
macy in the Middle East.
that Scowcroft confronted Reagan
plained. "There should have been
his experience as national security
staff," said Helmut Sonnenfeldt of
the role of assistant to the Presi-
Served Ford, Carter
directly and bluntly with the
bells ringing, lights flashing," he
adviser during Kissinger's reign as
the Brookings Institution, another
dent for national security affairs,
board's finding that the White
said later.
a powerful secretary of state
former Kissinger aide. "Brent is
the White House aide charged with
Scowcroft succeeded Kissinger
House had attempted to swap
Now Scowcroft, who served as
should help him work with Baker,
low profile, but he's obviously very
acting as an honest broker among
as national security adviser in 1975,
weapons for the U.S. hostages in
President Gerald R. Ford's national
who has long been President-elect
knowledgeable. This means Bush
members of the Cabinet and the
and served in the job for the last 14
Beirut, despite Reagan's protesta-
security adviser in 1975-77, has
Bush's closest political adviser.
will have plenty of -house talent
President's closest daily adviser on
months of the Administration of
tions to the contrary.
been asked to run the NSC again,
available in foreign policy.'
foreign policy matters.
President Gerald R. Ford. After
"Mr. President," Scowcroft said
and he rides into the White House
Anticipates No Problems
Scowcroft's views on arms con-
Born in Ogden, Utah, Scowcroft
Jimmy Carter's inauguration in
emphatically, "there were occa-
with universal praise from Wash-
"He's so skillful in understanding
trol and U.S.-Soviet relations ap-
was graduated from West Point in
1977, he served on Carter's adviso-
sions when the aircraft loaded with
ington's foreign policy Establish-
the bureaucratic process in Wash-
pear already to have made a mark
1947 and rose rapidly through the
ry committee on arms control,
weapons was sitting on the run-
ment.
ington that if there is a way to
on Bush, whom he advised during
Air Force, mostly in academic and
which helped formulate U.S. posi-
way, waiting for word that the
"Tadmire him enormously," said
avoid a confrontation and still
the presidential campaign. Scow-
foreign policy positions. He re-
tions during the negotiations that
hostages had been freed." Reagan
former Secretary of State Henry A.
achieve the objective, Scowcroft
croft has quietly criticized some of
ceived a Ph.D. in international
roduced the second Strategic
was surprised and shaken, the
Kissinger.
will find it," predicted a longtime
President Reagan's more optimistic
relations at Columbia University,
Arms Limitation Treaty in 1979.
official said.
"He's as comfortable as an old
friend who asked not to be identi-
pronouncements on U.S.-Soviet
taught Russian history and politics
In 1981, the new Administration
"He's remarkable because he is
shoe and as smart as they come,"
fied.
relations; Bush, too, has been more
at West Point and the Air Force
Ronald Reagan entered office
both a gentle and a tough person,"
said former Secretary of State
"I'm very comfortable with Jim
skeptical about Soviet intentions
Academy and served as an attache
both opposed to SALT II and
said Dr. Wesley Posvar, chancellor
Edmund S. Muskie.
Baker, whom I've known for a
than Reagan.
at the U.S. Embassy in Yugoslavia.
suspicious of Kissinger and his
of the University of Pittsburgh and
Scowcroft's outward style is
number of years, and I just don't
There are some points of appar-
He speaks Russian and Serbo-Cro-
proteges; Scowcroft and other for-
a Scowcroft friend for more than 40
self-effacing; he has never sought
anticipate any problems at all,"
ent disagreement, however. Scow-
atian.
mer Kissinger aides were offered
years.
attention in the press or visibility
Scowcroft told reporters Wednes-
croft initially opposed last year's
In 1971, Scowcroft, then a colo-
no senior jobs. But by 1983, Rea-
on the Washington social circuit.
day.
intermediate-range nuclear forces
nel, was named military aide to
gan's men decided that they need-
Staff writers John M. Broder,
But his extensive foreign policy
"I have worked with strong
agreement with the Soviet Union,
President Nixon, and accompanied
ed Scowcroft's help in building a
Norman Kempster and Robin
experience and what Kissinger
secretaries of state before," he
arguing that it would weaken the
Nixon on his historic visit to China.
national consensus in favor of mod-
Wright contributed to this story.
Brent Scowcroft's Several Strengths
George Bush said yesterday that he wanted an
Carter, and took on the most thankless of chores for
"honest broker" in the sensitive job of national se-
Ronald Reagan - heading the commission that
curity adviser. He not only defined the adviser's
tried to settle the argument over basing the MX
proper role but has named the best candidate on his
missile.
short list. Brent Scowcroft's most obvious strength
He will be a worthy successor to the level-
is that he filled the same job capably from 1975 to
headed Colin Powell, who for two years kept peace
1977.
between State, Defense, the C.I.A. and other agen-
His less obvious strength is that he inspires
cies. This comparative harmony promoted the
trust - the essential trait for a staff officer who
President's twilight accomplishments in arms con-
must relay swiftly and accurately the differing
trol, the Persian Gulf and southern Africa.
views of the three dozen agencies now involved in
All national security advisers suffer the prob-
foreign affairs.
lem of a grandiose title. In fact, the job was created
As Mr. Bush surely learned while Vice Presi-
to bridge the bureaucratic breach opened in 1947
dent, when the national security adviser pushes his
when the State, War and Navy departments ceased
own agenda instead of preserving the President's
to be in the same convenient building adjoining the
choices, policy lurches out of control. The Iran-con-
White House. Meanwhile, with war and cold war,
tra scandal turned on the abuse of power by a se-
foreign affairs came to be the concern of many
curity adviser.
other agencies as well, ranging from Commerce to
Trust among the President's senior aides is
Agriculture.
shattered when a security adviser is believed to
Hence the new job with the fancy title: Presi-
have his thumb on the scale, a thought that arose
dents needed someone to coordinate and manage
during the White House years of Henry Kissinger
security policy. Mr. Scowcroft earned his stripes as
and Zbigniew Brzezinski.
a policy manager when he won agreement for the
A retired Air Force general, Mr. Scowcroft is
1983 compromise on land-based missiles. Now the
the quintessential "inside". man, more concerned
incoming Bush administration has to adjust that
with assuring all sides a fair hearing than in com-
compromise, too ambitious in the face of new
peting for the limelight. He earned the trust of
strategic and fiscal realities. No broker is more hon-
Democrats as an arms control adviser to Jimmy
est or more qualified than Mr. Scowcroft.
NEW YORK TIMES, 11/24/88, p. 88
The President-elect, asked by a re-
porter at the news conference if he
would soon put Mr. Tower "out of his
SCOWCROFT CHOSEN
misery. one way or the other," replied,
"I'm asking you to do that." He said
there was "an insatiable curiousity
BY BUSH TO BECOME
about who's going to staff the Adminis-
tration," and expressed regret that
Tower Reassessed
"people's hopes are up there, and then
it doesn't work out."
TOP SECURITY AIDE
As for Mr. Tower, who has been
Mr. Bush said Mr. Scowcroft, whose
widely mentioned as the new Defense
appointmemt does not require Senate
Secretary, and is still believed to be the
confirmation, would undertake "a thor-
front-runner, Bush aides said the
ough review and analysis on our policy
President-elect was reassessing the
objectives, and then come out with our
JOB FOR TOWER REVIEWED
choice for a number of reasons.
own objectives." As a priority, Mr.
An aide to Mr. Bush said that among
Bush said that his adviser would "have
these was "a sensitivity" to Mr.
a new look" at arms control, a subject
on which Mr. Scowcroft has differed
Aides Say Factors Involving
Tower's personal life, including two di-
with the Reagan Administration.
vorces, one of which was granted last
"That doesn't mean we're not going
the Ex-Senator's Selection
year to his second wife, Lilla Burt
to build on the record of this Adminis-
Cummings Tower after she had nied a
tration, which I salute," said Mr. Bush.
Include Personal Life
lawsuit alleging extramarital relation-
"But we're going to formulate our pri-
ships on his part.
orities." This included "trying to move
Further. The Atlanta Constitution re-
conventional force reductions up to a
By BERNARD WEINRAUB
ported last Sunday that Mr. Tower had
little higher priority or at least get that
Special to The New York Times
converted nearly $500,000 in leftover
going faster if we can," said Mr. Bush.
campaign contributions to nis personal
Mr Bush said Mr. Scowcroft would
WASHINGTON, Nov. 23 - Presi-
use after he retired in 1985. Such a
"have direct access, day and night."
dent-elect Bush today selected as nis
The President-elect added: "I will be
practice is allowed retiring members
national security adviser Brent Scow-
the one who takes a keen interest in
of Congress under Federal law, Dut Mr.
croft, an arms control specialist widely
these matters. I have a lot of ideas.
Tower's expenditures have come
regarded as a cerebral, low-key cen-
They need to be tempered by his ex-
under some criticism. The Constitution
perience and judgment."
trist.
reported that they had included per-
Responding to a question, Mr. Bush
At the same time, Bush associates
sonal air travel, banquets and contribu-
said that he wanted Mr. Scowcroft to
said the President-elect was taking
tions to his alma mater, Southwestern
awake him at any time of the night in
second look at his expected choice oi
University in Georgetown, Tex.
the event of a foreign policy crisis and
former Senator John G. Tower 01
A spokesman for Mr. Tower said to-
that he intended to receive daily morn-
Texas to be Secretary of Defense.
day that it was the Senator's "personal
ing intelligence briefings from the Cen-
The appointment of Mr. Scowcroft,
policy not to discuss this matter."
tral Intelligence Agency. Mr. Reagan
who served as national security ad-
"He's not been offered the job either
did not tend to become SO deeply en-
viser under President Ford, was an-
gaged in policy matters, and on one OC-
conditionally or unconditionally," the
nounced by the President-elect in a
casion, when American planes clashed
spokesman said of the Defense Secre-
with Libyan fighters, his aides even
quickly called news conference at the
tary's post. "He's only discussed de-
failed to wake him.
Old Executive Office Building before
fense issues in already reported meet-
But Mr. Bush said: "Yeah, wake me
Mr. Bush left for a Thanksgiving week-
ings with the Vice President, Jim
up. Wake me. Shake me and wake me."
end in Kennebunkport, Me.
Baker and John Sununu," the Presi-
Mr. Scowcroft, a foreign policy ad-
'A Trusted Friend'
dent-elect's chief of staff.
viser to the Bush campaign and vice
The spokesman also said that re-
chairman of Mr. Kissinger's consulti-
Mr. Bush warmly praised the ap-
ports of "complex and intricate negoti-
nbg firm, served on the three-member
pointee as "a trusted friend" who "un-
ations," in which Mr. Tower was said to
panel, headed by Mr. Tower, that was
derstands the White House, the mili-
be offered the job on condition that he
appointed by President Reagan to in-
tary, the State Department, the way
accept a strong manager as his deputy,
vestigate the Iran-contra affair. The
the Hill works and the intelligence
were "without foundation."
report largely spared Mr. Bush from
community as well." [Transcript of
Another aide said that some associ-
blame for the scandal.
news conference, page B12.]
ates of Mr. Bush, who apparently
Mr. Bush praised "the outstanding
The President-elect made clear that
favors Mr. Tower for the Pentagon job,
performance" of the current national
he saw Mr. Scowcroft, a 63-year-old re-
were pressing the case that the former
security adviser, Lt. Gen. Colin L. Pow-
Senator, who is close to the defense in-
ell, and said that General Powell -
tired Air Force general, as an "honest
dustry, would resist the changes the
who has been mentioned as a possible
broker" who will "convey to me, un-
President-elect seeks in procurement
Army Chief of Staff or chairman of the
varnished, his own views on policy
of weapons and the organization of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff has "a friend in
matters" as well as the views of Cabi-
Pentagon.
the White House."
net members involved in foreign policy
One aide said he was convinced that
Mr. Scowcroft, who also served as an
and national security.
Mr. Bush had not yet made up his mind
arms control adviser to President Car-
But Mr. Bush emphasized that
on the selection, and was weighing "a
ter and who headed a special commis-
James A. Baker 3d, the newly desig-
tricky set of balances." Although Mr.
sion in 1983 that studied basing the MX
nated Secretary of State, "will be the
Bush's associates initially urged a
missile, said his first task was to "in-
strong No. 2 to seek Pentagon reforms,
chief spokesman, obviously, on foreign
sure a review of the important ele-
aides said that the President-elect was
policy matters." In recent Administra-
ments of U.S. national security policy
in a quandary: his yearning to appoint
by the President and his new team to
tions, strong national security advis-
his long-time friend, Mr. Tower, versus
ratify those elements on which there
ers, like Henry A. Kissinger, have
the President-elect's desire to pick a
will be total continuity, to make what-
clashed over responsibilities and poli-
Defense Secretary pledged to deficit
ever adjustments there are, and to be
cies with Secretaries of State.
reduction and reform.
comfortable with where we're going."
NEW YORK TIMES, 11/24/88, p. A.1
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1988
50 cents beyond 75 miles from New York Cit
The New York Times/ Paul Hosefros
resident-elect Bush introducing Brent Scowcroft, his choice for national security adviser.
Sentinel of Security
Brent Scowcroft
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Nov. 23 - In se-
Administration, has also differed sig-
lecting Brent Scowcroft as his na-
nificantly with Reagan Administra-
tional security adviser, President-
tion policy on the issue of anti-missile
elect Bush has chosen a highly ex-
defenses.
perienced Washington hand whose in-
He has said the United States
dependent views on
should be more flexible in the Geneva
Man
arms control have often
arms talks on the question of what
in the
put him at odds with
limits should be placed on tests for
News
Reagan Administration
"Star Wars, or a space-based mis-
policies.
sile defense. And he has criticized the
A soft-spoken man with an un-
Reagan Administration's "broad in-
assuming manner, Mr. Scowcroft has
terpretation" of the Antiballistic Mis-
argued that the United States should
sile Treaty that would allow for an ex-
proceed slowly in negotiating cuts in
panded pattern of "Star Wars" tests.
strategic arms until the United States
Mr. Scowcroft has favored contin-
comes up with a plan to deploy new
ued "Star Wars" research while re-
nuclear weapons that are less vulner-
maining critical of proposals by con-
able to attack.
servatives to accelerate the Strategic
Mr. Scowcroft, whose appointment
Defense Initiative to develop a com-
does not need Senate approval, is a
prehensive space-based anti-missile
63-year-old retired Air Force general.
defense system.
He has argued forcefully for one
In interviews and writings, he has
costly strategic weapon that the Rea-
indicated that he is receptive to the
gan Administration has opposed -
idea of deploying limited ground-
the new land-based Midgetman mis-
based antimissile defenses to protect
sile, which would be mounted on a
special truck difficult for Soviet
Continued on Page B14, Column 1
forces to find and target.
Held Same Post Under Ford
And Mr. Scowcroft is wary of an-
other another long-range nuclear
weapon that the Reagan Administra-
tion insists is essential. In a sharp
departure from Reagan Administra-
tion policy, Mr. Scowcroft (the first
syllable rhymes with snow) said in a
recent interview that the United
States should consider banning sea-
launched cruise missiles that have
nuclear warheads, because he be-
lieves the Russians could use such
weapons to threaten the United
States in vessels off the American
coasts.
Mr. Scowcroft, who held the post of
national security adviser in the Ford
Sentinel of Security
Continued From Page Al
American missiles, but has taken no
firm stand on the issue.
In still other disputes with the Rea-
gan Administration, Mr. Scowcroft
has criticized the Administration's
new accord to ban medium-range and
shorter-range missiles. Along with
former Secretary of State Henry A.
Kissinger, eargued that the United
States would have been better off
keeping some missiles in Europe as a
symbol of American support for the
defense of Europe.
In announcing his selection of Mr.
Scowcroft, President-elect Bush said
his Administration would take a fresh
look at the arms control process and
seek to elevate the importance of ef-
forts to cut conventional, nonnuclear
weapons.
Asked recently for his view on the
elationship of the strategic arms
talks to new negotiations on limiting
conventional arms, Mr. Scowcroft
provided a two-part answer.
Mr. Scowcroft said that the strate-
gic arms talks and negotiations on
reducing conventional weapons
should proceed separately. Some
hard-liners, like Senator Dan Quayle,
the Vice President-elect, has said a
strategic arms treaty should not be
The New York Times/ Michael Geissinger
completed unless the Soviet Union
makes concessions on reducing con-
ventional arms in talks to start next
Mr. Scowcroft has been married
for 37 years to the former Marian
year.
Horner. They have an adult daughter.
Problems in the Alliance'
He speaks Russian and Serbo-Cro-
Mr. Scowcroft also said that linking
atian and has has taught Soviet his-
the strategic arms talks and the con-
tory at the United States Military
ventional weapons negotiations
Academy and the Air Force Acad-
"would create problems in the al-
emy.
liance" because countries in the
Mr. Scowcroft's Washington career
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
reached a critical turning point when
generally do not want any delay in
he became a military assistant to
concluding a new strategic arms
President Nixon, serving from 1972 to
treaty.
1973. He later became deputy na-
But Mr. Scoweroft said he could
tional security adviser under Henry
imagine a scenario in which it might
A. Kissinger, serving from 1973 to
be in the United States' interest to
1975.
link a possible strategic arms treaty
Rare to Return to Same Post
with progress on conventional arms.
If the Soviet Union put forth propa-
When Mr. Kissinger became Secre-
gandistic conventional arms pro-
tary of State, Mr. Scowcroft became
posals designed to "split, the al-
national security adviser to President
liance," Mr. Scowcroft said, the
Ford, serving from 1975 until the end
United States should considering link-
of the Ford Administration in Janu-
ing the strategic and conventional
ary 1977.
arms talks. He reasoned that in such
Most recently, he was a national se-
a situation Moscow would be blamed
curity adviser to the Bush campaign
by Western European nations for a
and vice chairman in Mr. Kissinger's
lack of progress on arms control and
consulting firm.
that a link could be established with-
It is extremely rare in Washington
out creating friction between the
for people to return to the same top
United States and its NATO allies.
job they held many years before. Wil-
liam D. Ruckelshaus ran the Environ-
Conservatives Concerned
mental Protection Agency from 1970
"Linkage that stems out of Soviets'
to 1973 and again from 1983 to 1985,
obvious stonewalling or trying to be
but no Cabinet member or national
divisive on conventional arms control
security adviser has held the same
is then O.K.,' Mr. Scowcroft said.
post twice.
Mr. Scowcroft's generally moder-
In Mr. Scowcroft's case, however,
ate stance worries some staunch con-
he operated largely in Mr. Kissin-
servatives, who are slightly appeased
ger's shadow when he was national
by his criticism of the new missile ac-
security adviser under President
cord and his cautious approach to a
Ford. This time, he can be expected to
new strategic arms treaty.
play a leading role in the Administra-
'The conservatives are concerned
tion.
about a couple of things, including his
Led Presidential Panel
apparent lack of enthusiasm for
S.D.I.,' said James Hackett, a senior
During the Reagan Administration
fellow at the Heritage Foundation.
Mr. Scowcroft was the chairman of a
He would not be our first choice, but
Presidential panel on strategic forces
he is acceptable."
and reportedly exhibited the type of
Mr. Scowcroft was a member of the
skills he will need as national security
presidentially appointed panel, led by
adviser.
Senator John Tower of Texas, that in-
In consultation with key Congres-
vestigated the Iran-contra affair. The
sional moderates, the panel mapped a
panel's report in February 1987 was
strategy for deploying MX missiles,
very critical of President Reagan's
developing the Midgetman missile
management style but exonerated
and reforming the administration's
Mr. Bush.
approach to arms control.
The panel included several former
Fighter Pilot in Air Force
secretaries of state and defense sec-
Born in Ogden, Utah, on March 19,
retaries and other former high-rank-
1925, Mr. Scowcroft graduated from
ing officials. As chairman of the
West Point in 1947 and entered the Air
group, Mr. Scowcroft 'was very good
Force, where he become a fighter
at getting people to come to a group
pilot. He was an assistant air attaché
judgment without either letting
from 1959 to 1961 in Yugoslavia and
everyone sound off or imposing his
later received a Ph. in international
own will," said R. James Woolsey, a
relations from Columbia University
former Navy Under Secretary and a
in 1967.
member of the panel.
NEWS/OPINION
NEW YORK TIMES
24 NOVEMBER 1988
Pg. B12
Transcript of Bush News Conference
on Choice of Scowcroft
Following is a transcript of President-elect
I told many young people during the cam-
around the country, particularly in this room
Bush's news conference yesterday in Wash-
paign that in my view they had a real chance
understand what that is. It's an honest broke,
ington, as recorded by The New York Times
to grow up in a freer and more peaceful
and yet it's an honest broker possessed of
through the facilities of ABC Radio News.
world. To enhance those possibilities I will
enormous experience and a person in whose
put together a strong national security team.
judgment I have confidence.
OPENING STATEMENT
Now, with Brent Scowcroft at my side in the
I worked with Brent - maybe I should put
Well, before leaving for the Thanksgiving
White House, we've taken a large step in that
it this way: I worked for Brent - when I was
holiday, I wanted to announce another very
direction.
the President's D.C.I., Director of Central In:
important appointment, an important mem-
We're going to take whatever time is nec-
telligence. Here's an example: Brent Scow.
ber of the Bush Administration. Before doing
essary for a thorough review and analysis on
croft made very, very sure that the intelli-
so, though, I want to pay my respects to Gen.
our policy initiatives, and then come out with
gence community stayed out of the policy
Colin Powell. He has been a national security
our own strategic objectives, and then move
business. I was the intelligence officer; Gen-
adviser of outstanding performance, an out-
this country forward together for a strong
eral Scowcroft knew that and it was very
standing adviser to the President of the
America, determined more than ever to work
clear from - that the President, because 01
United States. He's won the confidence of the
for peace and freedom, to strengthen our al-
this advice and other things, understood that
President, the Capitol and all of us with
liances, to help those around the world whc
too. So he knows the way the national se.
whom he's worked.
need our help, to enhance the quest for
curity community works, and I really gc
Coming in at a difficult time, he strength-
human rights around the world and to deal
back and say the model will be as he did it
ened the national security staff, its proce-
realistically with the Soviet Union and other
as he did it before.
dures in many important areas. And most of
world powers.
Is this what they call a follow-up?
all, he is a model, as one who fairly and
I am optimistic about our foreign policy
Q. No (unintelligible).
clearly presents the views of the national se-
agenda, I am even more optimistic because
A. Yes, oh excuse me. I didn't tell - abso-
curity community - the entire community
Brent Scowcroft has agreed to take on this
lutely. And of course there has to be order ir
to the President.
very important role.
the White House. I mean, he's not going to gc
And I have great admiration for him, and
Now what I'll do is take a couple of ques.
charging in there when another meeting
he and I have spoken at length during the
tions, a few questions, as we've doing, and
might be scheduled, so he'll work closely with
past few days. And while I'm not sure that he
then I'll be glad to turn this over to a man
the chief of staff.
knows exactly what he's going to do, I am ab-
with whom most of you in this room have
But a national security adviser has to have
solutely confident that his future will be
dealt. Andrea?
direct access, day and night. And I will be one
bright and challenging.
who takes a keen interest in these matters: ]
As you now know, today's announcement
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
have a lot of ideas and they need to be tem.
concerns the important position of national
pered by his experience and judgment, and
security adviser, and I have chosen as my na-
Q. Mr. Vice President, would you define the
the same for Jimmy Baker's and the same
tional security adviser Brent Scowcroft, a
role that General Scowcroft will have? Will
for whoever we have in the Defense Depart-
man with whom I have worked in various ca-
he report directly to you, or will he report tc
ment and Treasury, of course, is set now. Sc
pacities in the past, a man for whom 1 have
the chief of staff. Do you envision the Secre-
it makes for - it'll make for a knowledgeable
extraordinarily high regard. Brent is a
tary of State as the chief spokesman on for-
and experienced approach in the White
trusted friend and he understands the White
eign policy? There's some confusion as tc
House. Yes, Jim?
House. He understands the military, the State
what a national security adviser is.
Q. Do you consider, Mr. Vice President.
Department, and the way the Hill works, and
A. Well, I think - I. have very clearly ir
the intelligence community as well.
mind what a national security adviser is, and
that General Powell is now on track to be
I would say that both Colin Powell and Brent
Army Chief of Staff or chairman of the Joint
Role in Foreign Policy
Chiefs?
Scowcroft before him represent the ideal. He
He knows too the importance of approach-
is not a policy-maker in the sense that policy
A. Well, I would simply say that General
ing our foreign and national security policy
- the Secretary of State will be the chief
Powell and I had a good discussion about the
on a bipartisan basis, and he brings to the
spokesman, obviously, on foreign policy mat-
future. I have enormous respect for 1 for the
White House the respect of many of our na-
ters.
General, but I just don't know what he --
tion's leaders on both sides of the aisle. He
He will be an honest broker. He will convey
whether he wants to stay in the Army. I ex.
also has earned the respect of world leaders
to me exactly the feelings of the Cabinet
pect that the Army would welcome him back
around the globe, and he's made and will con-
members that are involved in international
His record as'a military officer was just ter.
tinue to make important contributions to the
affairs, national security affairs, whether it's
rific. But I don't - I would be reluctant to in-
design of U.S. foreign policy.
on the economic side of the House or on the
tervene in the Army process. But if he wants
I'm going to count on him to coordinate the
policy side or the defense side. He will bring
to know does he have a friend in the White
development of my national security policy.
those together, but because of his tremen-
House if he goes back into the Army. not only
He and I met recently with Jim Baker, our
dous experience, obviously he will convey to
a friend but an admirer.
Secretary of State-designate; he agrees -
me unvarnished his own view on policy mat-
General Scowcroft agrees with Jim Baker
ters of tremendous importance.
Choosing a Defense Secretary
and me - that the immediate future offers
So I see it as in the - the Scowcroft N.S.C
Q. Sir, can you define for us what kind of
tremendous challenges and also great oppor-
leadership will be modeled after the Scow.
Secretary of Defense you're looking for and
tunity.
croft N.S.C. leadership. And I think people
what kind of commitment do you want from
A
1
SEYMOUR CRAY SAYS CRAY-3
PROJECT ON SCHEDULE, NO
PROBLEMS WITH CHIPS
(Minneapolis Star-Tribune)
No Byline
B-20
ACADEMIC PORK BARREL AND THE
100TH CONGRESS (Science &
Government Report)
No Byline
B-20
MEMORIES OF THE TASTE OF
FREEDOM (Los Angeles Times)
Jean-Paul Kauffmann
B-21
TEXT OF TERRY ANDERSON
VIDEOTAPED MESSAGE (Counter-
Terrorism)
No Byline
B-22
CURRENTLY ACTIVE GROUPS
(Counter-Terrorism)
No Byline
B-23
SECURITY/ESPIONAGE
SCOPING THE PROBLEMS IN THE
U.S. INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY
FIELD (Nightwatch)
Sen. Chic Hecht
B-24
WHERE OUR PRIORITIES LIE
(Counter-Terrorism)
No Byline
B-27
MILITARY POSTURE
THE FIREPOWER REVOLUTION
COL John T.
(Army)
Burke
B-28
A FORMER OFFICER SOUNDS OFF
ON HOW ARMY HURTS ITSELF
(Chicago Tribune)
David Evans
B-32
MCDONNELL DOUGLAS FORMS EURO-
APACHE PROGRAM OFFICE (Defense
Daily)
No Byline
B-33
SCOWCROFT
CONTINUED
tive sign that I don't want greater progress
with the Soviet Union. And I will have an op-
portunity early in December to make that
very clear to Mr. Gorbachev.
And the Alphabet Soup Thickens
But what I won't be able to make clear tc
him is here's our detailed arms control for
Special to The New York Times
tors, and, of course, Mr. Bush.
mulation. I want to have a new look. And that
WASHINGTON, Nov. 23 - When Presi-
Casag even has its own note taker,
doesn't mean we're not going to build on the
dent-elect Bush held a news conference to-
Chase Untermeyer, the transition office's
record of this Administration, which I salute
day to announce his choice for national se-
director of personnel.
and an Administration of which I have been 8
curity adviser, he added a new acronym
part. But we're going to formulate our priori-
to Washington's alphabet soup of depart-
'It's Where the Buck Stops'
ties.
ments, agencies and organizations.
If Casag's membership roster sounds
In the campaign I talked about trying tc
The new word in Mr. Bush's lexicon,
suspiciously like the senior staff of the
move that conventional force reductions up
Casag (he pronounced it KAY-sag), left
transition team, it is because that is basi
to a little higher priority, or to at least get
many of his staff members as puzzled as
cally what it is. But a Bush aide explained
that going faster if we can. I think that'd be
the reporters at the conference. After
that this is the group that has the final say
very good for the alliance, very good for our
some investigation, and the invention of
on all major appointments. "It's where
relationship with the Germans, for example,
possible translations that were mostly too
the buck stops after the long lists, the
and certainly good for us at home.
saracastic or ribald to print, the Bush
short lists, the background checks and all
But we've got to spell this out ourselves.
transition staff came up with the real
the rest," the aide said.
We need the time to formulate it. So there
meaning of the acronym.
But why have an acronym?
will be a signal to the Soviet Union: Look, WE
It stands for Cabinet and Sub-Cabinet
At first, Bush aides talked about how
want progress to continue but we've got to set
Advisory Group, and its members are
much more convenient it is to write
our pace. It's a new day, a new Administra-
James A. Baker 3d, the Secretary of State-
"Casag" in an appointment diary than
tion.
designate; Nicholas F. Brady, the Treas-
"talk to Baker, Brady, Sununu, Teeter and
Let me just take a couple of more and then
ury Secretary-designate; Gov. John H.
Fuller about the Energy Department."
go peacefully.
Sununu of New Hampshire, the next White
But then one aide said: "You know how
House chief of staff; Robert O. Teeter and
it is. Everything needs an acronym in
Fate of 'Star Wars'
Craig R. Fuller, the transition co-direc-
Washington."
Q. I think General Scowcroft also has ex.
pressed some reservations, I believe, about
S.D.I. Does his appointment signal any kind
of a pullback by you (unintelligible).
A. Not at all.
we not entitled to reasonable deliberation, in
Do you think that's proper, and did you dis-
a process that has resulted in more appoint-
cuss any of that yesterday?
Choices for Posts
ments than any of my predecessors, 1 think.
A. I think it's proper in some cases but not
Q. Were you indicating earlier that you had
So I don't - I just can't accept the premise
in others. I don't think a Bush secretary, for
not yet received the names of what you would
that there's an unreasonable delay.
example, designate, who has not been con-
consider to be qualified women and black
And I've got to do it at my own pace. I've
firmed by the Senate, should involve himself
Americans for appointments in your Admin-
got to feel comfortable with these all these
in those kinds of deliberations. I think in the
istration?
appointments. And so if there does seem like
case of the Treasury, which is a matter of
A. No, we're working with a good list now.
a delay, I ask your forbearance because
great concern to Mr. Salinas, and to Mexico
Even my son is involved in this project. And 1
we've got to staff this Administration with
generally, it would be appropriate if ongoing
think we're going to have some very good,
people who can work with each other, can
take place with, in this case, the
secre-
able representation from the minority com-
work compatibly.
tary-designate who has also been confirmed
munity. But I - that whole process is going
And yes we do, Dan Quayle is consulted on
by the Senate.
forward. So it's not a question it's a ques.
these what we we have a what do you
So I would use that as a raw guide but the
tion of fitting talented people to the jobs that
call it, when you have initials add up to some-
problems that Mexico faces, and that we
are coming up. It's not a question of finding
thing, acronym or something - CASAG,
face, need to be continually addressed. And
names so much, but we are outreaching, as
which is a group that gets together and talks
one thing about this marvelous Martin Van
theysay.
about these Cabinet appointments.
Buren transition is that it can be, there is an
Two more. Once, twice, and then I'm going
But the process goes forward in terms of
ongoing bureaucracy with whom we are
peacefully.
sub-Cabinet and it'll get much, much more
very, very compatible; an Administration of
hectic after Thanksgiving. And I don't know
which I am a part.
Thurmond's Bill
that I can sit in on every one of those meet-
So, for example, I don't expect it would be
ings - or something or that Dan Quayle
inappropriate for Jim Baker, who has
con-
Q. I'll make mine short. Would you, if you
can or will. But he's more than welcome at
firmed by the Senate, to start serious negoti-
were President today, have signed the Thur-
these meetings because I do think he's got
ations with the new Government. I do think
mond bill were it on your desk?
some very good judgment on the Hill and on
that it's important that Mr. Salinas, as he
A. I think I said in the original Thurmond
- you've heard me speak about his commit-
forms his Government, announces his new
bill, before it went through the whole process.
ment in retraining, and certainly in defense
Foreign Minister, that that minister have ac-
that I would have.
areas. So we'll -
cess to the foreign policy establishment in
Q. As it now reaches Mr. Reagan?
Q. Are you meeting with Governor Duka-
the United States. So that's the way I'd try to
A. Well, I haven't said that.
kis?
draw the line.
Q. That's what I'm asking.
A. No, not that I know of. Maybe -
Q. So you'd allow Mr. Brady to talk to Mr.
A. But that's what I'm not answering.
Q. There's a report, Friday or Saturday, in
Salinas about Mexico's debt problems?
New Hampshire that you are - (unintelligi-
A. Yes, he already has before Mr. Sali-
Delay on Tower?
ble)
nas came into office concerns him greatly
A. Well, as I said, I think here, the other day
and we'll all be wrestling with trying to be
Q. On the Tower situation, why has there
I talked to him on the phone
helpful. But - incidentally the meeting yes-
been such a delay? And also, does Senator
terday was really good. I'm very much im-
Quayle have any say-so in these appoint-
ments?
Talks With Mexican Leader
pressed with Mr. Salinas, with his determina-
tion to work with the United States. It was
A. May I ask you what do you mean by
Q. The reports would seem to indicate that
very friendly, very frank. I had a couple of -
"delay"? Do you realize, have you not read
President-elect Salinas would like to have
three one-on-one meetings with
and
I'm
the propaganda we put out and how fast that
Cabinet-level discussions with members of
I feel that we can work very closely to-
we have been fulfilling these key roles? Are
vour Administration after he's inaugurated.
gether
A
3
SCOWCROFT
CONTINUED
then what I have been doing is going over -
while the national security adviser briefs the
that we are reaching out to those areas,
President.
groups, that have been historically underrep-
that person to cut the deficit?
I haven't gotten into the detail of how to dc
resented at high levels of the Federal Gov.
A. Well, I'd want somebody to manage that
this but I have said, and I will do this, that I
ernment. And I keep saying this to people,
department, to institute the reforms that I
will have the briefer, that level of C.I.A., sit
and I expect results. Yes?
talked about in the campaign; to work
with me first thing. And if we can wake up
closely with the national security community
Choices at Pentagon
General Scowcroft, why he will be included in
that I'm putting together, in terms of arms
this meeting. All I want to ask is that I not be
Q. Mr. Vice President, how far down in the
control; to work compatibly for bipartisan
asked to keep up the hours this man has his-
Defense Department will you actually be ap-
objectives with the Hill. But, Bernie, I haven't
torically kept up. But I will take that briefing,
pointing people? And how many of those with
sorted it out - you know, that's the broad de-
and I think that's a departure from the way
second tier positions will be appointed di-
scription and I'm sure I've probably left out
other Presidents have worked. But at my
rectly by the Secretary of Defense?
parts of it here. But exerience has to be a part
side, if he elects to be there for each of those
A. I will want to have the White House, and
of it, an ability to get along with the Congress
briefings, will be the N.S.C. adviser.
our whole national security team, have an
has to be a part of it. Conviction about the
need to keep America strong has got to be a
Then, at some - you know, time, later on in
input on - I don't know how to say this other
the morning, he will come to me with the
than key appointments. But here's the way I
part of it. But I would also say a willingness
trouble spots around the world, with a report
look at it: a Cabinet secretary has got to feel
to take a fresh, tough look in these times of
on initiatives, with - you know, where we
compatible with the people he's asked to
budgetary crunch at the Defense Depart-
work with. A national security adviser has to
ment. And so those are the broad parameters
stand with negotiations with some arms con-
and we will continue to work to put together a
trol objective, or little battles that are brew.
feel compatible with the people that report to
him.
team that can accomplish those ends. Yes?
ing in our bureaucracy or whatever it is. I
will be kept up to date on events by the na-
But a President must know that those peo-
tional security adviser, in direct face-to-face
ple are going to work towards fulfilling the
Problems at Security Agency
meetings. And I will personally read that
objectives that that President has set out.
Q. President Reagan had some problems
And so it'll be consultant. And I don't want tc
P.D.B. every morning.
with the National Security Council staff dur-,
Q. Will the D.C.I. be briefing you? And why
say to some secretary, "You've got to use
ing the Iran-contra era. Do you feel any fur-
do you want that sort of separate briefing
Shirley Smith, or Joe Jones," but I want tc
ther changes are needed in the way it oper-
rather than one that General Scowcroft will
know that they're not putting in a team that
ates, to make sure you don't have similar dif-
brief you.
has a different - not even inferentially -
ficulties?
A. Well, because the intelligence comes
has a different agenda than that which I am
A. I don't think so. I think, well, crediting
every morning fresh from the best that the
determined to carry out. Yes, sir?
General Scowcroft, I think the changes that
agency can put together, and other agencies
should have been made were not only recom-
in the community, and I want - I don't want
Legislation on Ethics
mended by the Scowcroft Commission but
to read unfinished intelligence, I don't want
have been made.
Q. Have you changed your support for the
to go off on some tangent based on some
ethics bill, and if not, are you opposing the
rumor. But I want to - I believe that there's
Unauthorized Disclosures
veto?
an awful lot of people in the Federal Govern-
A. Well, let's wait and see what the Presi-
Q. Back to the Secretary of Defense, I know
ment that know a lot more about it than I do,
dent does on it, but I'll say this: I am going to
you've been a little troubled by the leaks
and I want their - the best that they can of
have an ethics bill and it'll be a strong one.
coming around. Are you at all troubled by a
fer me.
It'll be a fair one. I think there is some recog.
sense that Senator Tower might be left out
And I find the people that are selected tc
nition that the Thurmond bill was a very good
there twisting in the wind for another week,
brief every day are good, and they have no ax
start. There were some changes made in it
another two weeks, whichever way you de-
to grind politically. And I just am much more
that I guess nobody's really totally happy
cide?
knowledgeable than I would have been if I'd
with, and there are some problems in it. But
A. Well, yes, on a human basis I am, and
have gotten that second- or third-hand. And I
we'll see what happens on this one, but if this
that is one of the damaging things about
want to continue that. That's why I'm going
bill is not signed, I will send up early on an
leaks. As I said here before, look, I under-
to do it.
ethics bill. I'm determined to fulfill that gen-
stand the insatiable curiosity about who's
eral posture that I have taken, in terms of
going to be staffing this Administration - I
Waking Up the President
ethics in government.
understand it - and leading it. And so - but
Q. Mr. Vice President, you mentioned the
Q. Well, what changes would you make?
there is hurtful human side when a decision
long hours General Scowcroft (unintelligi-
A. Well, let's wait till we see what action is
hasn't been made, and so I do worry about it.
ble). What will your orders be to General
taken and then I'll address myself to that if
But I'm less tense about that kind of thing
new legislation is required. Yes?
than I used to be. 1 think we've demonstrated
Scowcroft?
that things can be announced without leaks.
A. Keep me informed.
But that's - I think you put your finger on
Q. on post-midnight
Dealing With Russians
something that does concern me because
A. Yes, wake me up.
Q. General Scowcroft has expressed some
there's speculation that 1 read - leave out
Q. At any -
caution about how fast we should go on arms
the Tower matter right now - that, you
A. Wake me. Shake me and wake me. But I
control with the Soviets, and just caution in
know, people's hopes are up there and then
don't know how well you know this guy, but
general in dealing with the Soviets. Is that
they - then it doesn't work out, so there's a
there's - he'd do it anyway. That's one of the
caution one reason why you picked him, and
human equation that is exacerbated by unau-
reasons I'm just delighted he's willing to dc
are you comfortable with that?
thorized stories.
this. Yes?
A. I don't think he was reading my lips, but
Q. Just to follow up, are you going to put
he and I have been in touch for a long time ir
him out of his misery one way or the other,
Women and Blacks
this and I think we are in agreement that cau
soon?
Q. Mr. Vice President, as your choices of
tion is called for. And that doesn't mean there
A. I'm asking you to do that. Yes, Saul.
key positions now shrink down, what about
won't be forward progress, because I do
the prospects for Democrats, women, blacks
think we have a great opportunity.
Briefings on Intelligence
in key posts in your Administration?
But what I want to do, and whether it's ir
Q. Can you give us as much detail as to how
A. It's something that must be accom-
arms control or any other bilaterial relations
you're going to receive briefings from Brent
plished and it is - I was very pleased that -
with the Soviet Union, is to take enough time
Scowcroft, and the D.C.I., on a daily basis?
with the appointment, for example, fitting
to set our course, to be sure that we're all or
How are you - what are you -
into that category but he wasn't appointed
the same wavelength, to work with Congress
A. Well, what I've said - one of the things
for this reason but fitting into that general
to move that whole relationship forward. But
that I have valued over the last eight years is
area is Barry Cavazos, a Democrat. And so
if your question is do I share the caution that
sitting with the briefers from the State -
that's - you know, but I don't want tokenism.
he has sometimes signaled, the answer is
from the C.I.A. Every morning I do that. And
I want to get the best but I want to be sure
yes. But that should not be taken as a nega
A
2
BUSH
BRENT SCOWCROFT
From page Al
Selected by George Bush to be national security adviser
Born: Ogden, Utah
the security adviser, he said.
Age: 63
But Mr. Bush said his national se-
Family: Married with one daughter.
curity adviser would "have direct
Education: Graduated from the U.S. Military
access, day and night. I will be one
Academy in 1947. Obtained masters and a
who takes a keen interest in these
doctoral degree from Columbia University;
matters. I have a lot of ideas. They
postgraduate work at Georgetown University.
need to be tempered by his exper-
Job history and background: Retired three-star
Air Force general. National security adviser to
ience and judgment."
President Gerald Ford - 1975-77. Also was
Gen. Scowcroft "has to have di-
military assistant to the president and deputy
rect access, day and night," said Mr.
national security adviser in Ford administration.
Bush, adding that his new national
Served as an arms control adviser to President
security adviser has the following
Carter and was a member of a number of blue
orders: "Keep me informed. Wake
ribbon commissions, including one appointed by President Reagan to
study basing possibilities for the MX missile and another that investigated
me up. Shake me and wake me."
the Iran-Contra affair.
Asked if he agreed with Gen.
Scowcroft's concerns about arms
The Washington Times
control negotiations with the Sovi-
ets, Mr. Bush said, "He and I have
been in touch for a long time in this,
Mr. Bush also offered a glimpse
friend but an admirer," Mr. Bush
and I think we are in agreement that
into his process for selecting top of-
said.
caution is called for.
ficeholders when asked about Vice
Gen. Scowcroft was called upon
'What I want to do, and whether
President-elect Dan Quayle's role.
several times during the Reagan
He said Mr. Quayle is consulted,
years when a voice from outside the
it's in arms control or any other bi-
but a group he referred to only as
administration was needed.
lateral relations with the Soviet
Union, is to take enough time to set
CASAG "gets together and talks
He headed a commission that
our course, to be sure that we're all
about these Cabinet appointments."
crafted the compromise in 1983
on the same wavelength, to work
The initials stand for Cabinet and
credited with keeping President
with Congress to move that whole
Sub-Cabinet Advisory Group, said a
Reagan's MX missile deployment
relationship forward," Mr. Bush
transition official, who said its mem-
program alive.
said.
bership, in addition to Mr. Bush,
Gen. Scowcroft also served on the
He said a higher priority for
comprises Mr. Baker; Treasury Sec-
three-member Tower commission
conventional-force reductions
retary Nicholas Brady; New Hamp-
that examined White House in-
"would be very good for the alliance
shire Gov. John Sununu, who is to be
volvement in Iran-Contra affair and
[NATO], very good for our relation-
White House chief of staff; transi-
recommended reorganization of the
ship with Germans, for example,
tion co-directors Craig Fuller and
office he now will head.
and certainly good for us at home."
Robert Teeter; and transition per-
The Tower commission, whose
Gen. Scowcroft told reporters the
sonnel director Chase Untermeyer.
third member was former Sen. Ed-
defense budget is "substantially
Gen. Scowcroft, 63, who served in
mund Muskie, a Maine Democrat,
underfunded" and called it impor-
the Air Force and was a deputy to
criticized the Iran arms sales and
tant for the Bush administration to
Henry Kissinger at the National Se-
accused Mr. Reagan of being out of
establish "a strategic concept which
curity Council before succeeding
touch with the actions of his staff,
will help us set the kinds of priorities
him as NSC chief during the Ford
but it barely mentioned the vice
that need to be made."
administration, will replace Army
president.
He refused to speculate on
Lt. Gen. Colin Powell, who called the
"He wasn't a player," Gen. Scow-
whether a strategic arms (START)
choice "superb."
croft told an interviewer. "Given
treaty might be concluded in 1989,
"He is a seasoned professional,
that, we just left him out."
and called it premature to say
and I have the highest regard for
The Tower report said a national
whether the administration review
him," Gen. Powell said. "He will
security adviser should have direct
of priorities would postpone the
bring excellent skills and expertise
access to the president but keep a
scheduled February resumption of
in foreign affairs to the position."
low profile and avoid competition
START talks.
Mr. Bush said he and Gen. Powell
with the secretaries of state and de-
During yesterday's surprise press
spoke "at length" before the ap-
fense.
conference, Mr. Bush relished the
pointment, but said he didn't know
Asked about changes at NSC since
success of making the Scowcroft an-
Gen. Powell's plans for the future.
the Tower commission report, Gen.
nouncement without a story in the
White House spokesman Marlin
Scowcroft said: "I am very pleased.
morning papers to steal the show. He
Fitzwater later held out the prospect
I think that Gen. Powell and Secre-
chided reporters for continuing to
that Gen. Powell might return to
tary [Frank] Carlucci before him
speculate about appointees, particu-
Army duty.
have left the NSC staff in really ex-
larly the likelihood that former Sen.
"If he wants to know, does he have
cellent condition, and it will be a joy
John Tower of Texas would be secre-
a friend in the White House if he
to assume responsibility for the sys-
tary of defense.
goes back into the Army? Not only a
tem the way it is operating now."
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1988
Bush selects
Scowcroft
to advise on
U.S. security
By Frank J. Murray
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
President-elect George Bush chose retired Lt. Gen.
Brent Scowcroft as national security adviser yesterday,
saying the two share caution about dealing with the
Soviet Union, and that his administration will give a
"new look" at arms control.
Mr. Bush said he wants to set his own pace and prior-
ities on "arms control or any other bilateral relations,"
and wants to accelerate conventional force reductions.
"So there will be a signal to the Soviet Union: 'Look,
we want progress to continue, but we've got to set our
pace,' he said at a press conference here announcing
the Scowcroft appointment.
"It's a new day, a new administration," Mr. Bush said.
The vice president said he personally will advise So-
viet President Mikhail Gorbachev on Dec. 7 not to take
his comments as a "negative sign" when they and Pres-
ident Reagan meet at a working lunch in New York.
"What I won't be able to make clear to him is, 'Here's
our detailed arms control formulation.' I want to have a
new look, and that doesn't mean we're not going to build
on the record of this administration, which I salute."
Mr. Bush called Gen. Scowcroft a "trusted friend"
who would function as "an honest broker."
The president-elect said James Baker, named earlier
to become secretary of state, will be his chief spokesman
on foreign policy and the security adviser will not be a
policy-maker.
"He will convey to me exactly the feelings of the
Cabinet members that are involved [and] he will
convey to me, unvarnished, his own view on policy mat-
ters of tremendous importance," Mr. Bush said.
Mr. Bush even will take his daily CIA briefings in
person, bypassing the practice of filtering them through
WASHINGTON POST
24 NOVEMBER 1988 Pg. 28
THE VIEWS OF BRENT SCOWCROFT
On the 'Broad' Interpretation of the 1972 ABM Treaty
"Regardless of the merits of broad or narrow interpretation, [the
Antiballistic Missile Treaty] was presented to the Congress in the
narrow interpretation, [and] we have behaved for most of its exis-
tence on the narrow interpretation. To me, it's unbefitting for the
United States to try to maneuver in that sense [by advancing the
broad interpretation]. If we decided that the ABM Treaty is funda-
mentally constricting to our vital national interests, then we ought
to denounce it according to its provisions [allowing for six months'
notice of formal withdrawal], not change from a narrow to a broad
interpretation."
-Oct. 27. 1987, testimony to House Foreign Affairs Committee
On 'Star Wars'
"Ten years' U.S. adherence to the 'narrow' or traditional interpre-
tation of the ABM Treaty would not hamper very seriously what we
need to do in SDI (the Strategic Defense Initiative, President Rea-
gan's program to build a comprehensive missile defense]
I
don't like the first phase of SDI [advanced by program director Lt.
Gen. James A. Abrahamson] because it changes the whole notion of
what the program was trying to find out."
-Spring 1988 testimony to the House Democratic Caucus task force on SDI
On ICBMs and Arms Control
"Ever since the 1980 campaign, the world has stood by in bewilder-
ment while the administration has, in a seemingly random pattern,
requested funding for both survivable and nonsurvivable ICBM (in-
tercontinental ballistic missile] deployments, while at the same time
proposing arms-control bans on the survivable ones.
By moving
a major share of the U.S. strategic forces toward being launched on
warning, the Reagan administration's confusion about survivability
is consequently moving the world toward greater risk and instabil-
ity. This is not the purpose of either strategic modernization or
arms control."
-With John Deutch and R. James Woolsey, The Washington Post, June 14. 1988
On Arms Agreements
"The purpose of a major strategic arms agreement should not be to
implement a slogan, to flatter the ego of an outgoing administration
or to require us to bet our whole strategic future on a gamble, such
as early SDI deployment. The purpose should be to improve stra-
tegic stability-in simplest terms, to reduce the risk of nuclear war.
Yet the administration seems committed to measures in the fast-
moving strategic arms negotiations that could decrease stability and
damage our allies' confidence in our deterrent
Without changes
in the two current administration policies that are creating the sur-
vivability problem, the United States could well be on the verge of
committing itself to a strategic treaty that many moderate members
of Congress and thoughtful citizens will reluctantly conclude is
clearly contrary to the national interest."
With John Deutch and R. James Woolsey, The Washington Post, Dec. 3. 1987
On Reykjavik
"Events during the autumn of 1986 have produced greater confusion"
in American strategic policy than perhaps at any other time in the
nuclear age."
With John Deutch and R. James Woolsey, The New York Times, Jan. 25. 1987
On Reagan Administration Arms Proposals
If we actually do have a strategic concept that brings order to
all the disparate actions and proposals of the administration, of
which Reykjavik is a prime example, it would be reassuring to know
what it is."
The Washington Post, April 20. 1987
On Cruise Missiles
"I'm not convinced that, in the long run, cruise missiles would be
advantageous to the United States."
Spring 1988 testimony to the House Democratic Caucus task force on SDI
WASHINGTON POST
24 NOVEMBER 1988
Bush Picks Scowcroft As Sec
SCOWCROFT
fm
Pg.
1
Question About Tower's Role Is Turned Aside
tional security adviser.
Scowcroft and Tower were co-
By Judith Havemann
chairmen of Bush's defense adviso-
and David Hoffman
ry group for the campaign, on which
Washington Post Staff Writers
Vice President-elect Dan Quayle
Scowcroft has been an informal
and national security affairs tran-
President-elect George Bush yes-
and influential adviser to Bush for
sition director Dennis Ross also
terday named Brent Scowcroft to
some time in a group that has in-
be his national security adviser, the
served.
cluded former national security ad-
Ross may become Scowcroft's
job that Scowcroft held under Pres-
viser Robert C. McFarlane, former
ident Gerald R. Ford.
deputy at the NSC. He has served
State Department official Lawrence
At the same time, Bush turned
on President Reagan's NSC staff.
S. Eagleburger and William Hyland,
aside a question about the fate of
During the Reagan years, Bush
editor of the journal Foreign Affairs
former senator John G. Tower (R-
became increasingly disenchanted
and Scowcroft's National Security
Tex.), the leading candidate for sec-
with Central Intelligence Agency
Council deputy in the Ford White
retary of defense. Tower is in-
House. Others who have advised
Director William J. Casey's han-
volved in complex negotiations with
Bush include Ambassador to West
dling of intelligence data to influ-
the Bush transition staff concerning
ence policy. Bush, a former director
Germany Richard R. Burt and Am-
authority to choose other high-
bassador to NATO Alton G. Keel
of central intelligence, yesterday
ranking Pentagon officials.
reiterated his determination to
Jr., a former deputy and acting na-
Scowcroft is a retired Air Force
avoid this.
lieutenant general who advised
SCOWCROFT
Pg
2
"Brent Scowcroft made very,
Presidents Ford, Richard M. Nixon
very sure that the intelligence com-
and Jimmy Carter as well as the
munity stayed out of the policy busi-
Reagan administration on a host of
ness," Bush said. "I was the intel-
national security issues. Widely ex-
ligence officer. Gen. Scowcroft
perienced in defense and foreign
knew that, and it was very clear
policy issues, Scowcroft has fre-
that the president
understood
quently expressed strongly held
that, too."
views on arms control and the Stra-
Bush repeated that he would de-
tegic Defense Initiative that are at
part from the practice of recent
odds with Reagan administration
presidents and continue to receive
policies. [Related story, Page A25.]
direct daily intelligence briefings
"Brent is a trusted friend and he
from CIA officials.
understands the White House, he
The president-elect joked that
understands the military, the State
Scowcroft will be invited to sit in on
Department, the way the Hill works
the early morning CIA briefings if
and the intelligence community as
Scowcroft could be awakened for
well," Bush said at a news confer-
them. Scowcroft is known in Wash-
ence.
ington for regularly working 18-
hour days.
One of Reagan's early embar-
rassments in office was when then-
White House aide Edwin Meese III
said.
John H. Sununu, was informed of
compatibly," he said.
Bush said he saw little need for
the choice but did not know the an-
Bush said he worries about the
failed to wake him with reports of a
changes in National Security Coun-
nouncement was to be made so
"hurtful human side when a decision
clash between U.S. and Libyan
cil staff operations. Scowcroft stud-
quickly, the sources said.
hasn't been made
that is exac-
fighter planes. Bush signaled again
yesterday that he intends to display
ied the NSC last year as one of
Bush has been increasingly irri-
erbated by unauthorized stories." In
three members of a commission
tated in recent days by newspaper
response to a question about put-
a more engaged management style.
headed by Tower that investigated
accounts of his planned announce-
His orders to Scowcroft on han-
ting Tower "out of his misery, one
the NSC role in the Iran-contra af-
ments. Bush alluded to this during
way or the other," Bush said to the
dling off-hours emergencies are
fair.
his news conference when he said
"shake me and wake me," he said.
assembled press corps: "I'm asking
Scowcroft concluded at the time:
he had "demonstrated that things
Bush has expressed dismay at the
you to do that."
"The problem, at the heart, was one
can be announced without leaks."
The' Scowcroft announcement
foreign policy battles that so often
of people, not of process. It was not
Asked about Tower, Bush denied
was Bush's ninth appointment to his
pitted Reagan's Cabinet members
that the structure was faulty. It is
yesterday that there had been any
administration in the two weeks
against each other. While promising
that the structure was not used."
Scowcroft direct access to the Oval
"unreasonable delay" in filling the
since he was elected. The presi-
Bush said yesterday, "I think the
Office, he said he wanted his advis-
Pentagon post. "Are we not entitled
dent-elect has promised to bring in
changes that should have been
er to be an "honest broker" of the
to reasonable deliberation in a pro-
"a brand-new team" from around
made were not only recommended
views of Cabinet members and oth-
by the [Tower] commission, but
cess that has resulted in more ap-
the country, but in making his major
ers while providing his own views-
have been made."
pointments than any of my prede-
appointments so far, he has turned
"unvarnished."
Informed souces said the Scow-
cessors" at this point in the transi-
primarily to Washington veterans.
Secretary of State-designate
croft announcement was a deliber-
tion? he asked. "We've got to staff
The most conspicuous departure
James A. Baker III will be the chief
ate surprise. Bush's designated
this administration with people who
from this pattern was Bush's choice
spokesman on foreign policy, Bush
chief of staff, New Hampshire Gov.
can work with each other, can work
of Sununu as chief of staff.
Sentinel
CONTINUED
American missiles, but has taken no
about a couple of things, including his
apparent lack of enthusiasm for
strategy for deploying MX missiles,
firm stand on the issue.
S.D.I.," said James Hackett, a senior
developing the Midgetman missile
In still other disputes with the Rea-
fellow at the Heritage Foundation.
and reforming the administration's
gan Administration, Mr. Scowcroft
"He would not be our first choice, but
approach to arms control.
has criticized the Administration's
he is acceptable."
The panel included several former
new accord to ban medium-range and
Mr. Scowcroft was a member of the
secretaries of state and defense sec-
shorter-range missiles. Along with
presidentially appointed panel, led by
retaries and other former high-rank-
former Secretary of State Henry A.
Senator John Tower of Texas, that in-
ing officials. As chairman of the
Kissinger, he argued that the United
vestigated the Iran-contra affair. The
group, Mr. Scowcroft "was very good
States would have been better off
panel's report in February 1987 was
at getting people to come to a group
keeping some missiles in Europe as a
very critical of President Reagan's
judgment without either letting
symbol of American support for the
management style but exonerated
everyone sound off or imposing his
defense of Europe.
Mr. Bush.
own will," said R. James Woolsey, a
In announcing his selection of Mr.
former Navy Under Secretary and a
Scowcroft, President-elect Bush said
Fighter Pilot in Air Force
member of the panel.
his Administration would take a fresh
Born in Ogden, Utah, on March 19,
look at the arms control process and
1925, Mr. Scowcroft graduated from
seek to elevate the importance of ef-
West Point in 1947 and entered the Air
Scowcroft's strengths
CONTINUED
forts to cut conventional, nonnuclear
Force, where he become a fighter
weapons.
pilot. He was an assistant air attaché
White House. Meanwhile, with war and cold war,
Asked recently for his view on the
from 1959 to 1961 in Yugoslavia and
foreign affairs came to be the concern of many
relationship of the strategic arms
later received a Ph.D. in international
relations from Columbia University
other agencies as well, ranging from Commerce to
talks to new negotiations on limiting
conventional arms, Mr. Scowcroft
in 1967.
Agriculture.
provided a two-part answer.
Mr. Scowcroft has been married
Hence the new job with the fancy title: Presi-
Mr. Scowcroft said that the strate-
for 37 years to the former Marian
dents needed someone to coordinate and manage
gic arms talks and negotiations on
Horner. They have an adult daughter.
security policy. Mr. Scowcroft earned his stripes as
reducing conventional weapons
He speaks Russian and Serbo-Cro-
a policy manager when he won agreement for the
should proceed separately. Some
atian and has has taught Soviet his-
1983 compromise on land-based missiles. Now the
hard-liners, like Senator Dan Quayle,
tory at the United States Military
the Vice President-elect, has said a
Academy and the Air Force Acad-
incoming Bush administration has to adjust that
strategic arms treaty should not be
emy.
compromise, too ambitious in the face of new
completed unless the Soviet Union
Mr. Scowcroft's Washington career
strategic and fiscal realities. No broker is more hon-
makes concessions on reducing con-
reached a critical turning point when
est or more qualified than Mr. Scowcroft.
ventional arms in talks to start next
he became a military assistant to
year.
President Nixon, serving from 1972 to
1973. He later became deputy na-
Washington Post 11-24-88
'Problems in the Alliance'
tional security adviser under Henry
Mr. Scowcroft also said that linking
A. Kissinger, serving from 1973 to
Scowcroft Provides Policy Anchor
the strategic arms talks and the con-
1975.
ventional weapons negotiations
Rare to Return to Same Post
Many Vieus at Odds With Those of Reagan Administration
"would create problems in the al-
liance" because countries in the
When Mr. Kissinger became Secre-
By Don Oberdorfer
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
tary of State, Mr. Scowcroft became
Washington Post Staff Writer
generally do not want any delay in
national security adviser to President
concluding a new strategic arms
Ford, serving from 1975 until the end
In choosing retired Lt. Gen.
treaty.
of the Ford Administration in Janu-
Brent Scowcroft to be his national
But Mr. Scowcroft said he could
ary 1977.
imagine a scenario in which it might
Most recently, he was a national se-
security adviser, President-elect
be in the United States' interest to
curity adviser to the Bush campaign
George Bush has established the
link a possible strategic arms treaty
and vice chairman in Mr. Kissinger's
basis for a policy-making system
with progress on conventional arms.
consulting firm.
firmly anchored in the White
If the Soviet Union put forth propa-
It is extremely rare in Washington
House, in the care of a senior figure
gandistic conventional arms pro-
for people to return to the same top
posals designed to "split the al-
job they held many years before. Wil-
who has strong ideas about what
liance," Mr. Scowcroft said, the
liam D. Ruckelshaus ran the Environ-
needs to be done.
United States should considering link-
mental Protection Agency from 1970
Among the top officials SO far
ing the strategic and conventional
to 1973 and again from 1983 to 1985,
named to the Bush administration,
arms talks. He reasoned that in such
but no Cabinet member or national
Scowcroft's experience in interna-
a situation Moscow would be blamed
security adviser has held the same
tional affairs is rivaled only by that
by Western European nations for a
post twice.
lack of progress on arms control and
In Mr. Scowcroft's case, however,
of the president-elect. None of the
that a link could be established with-
he operated largely in Mr. Kissin-
others, including Bush,
NEWS
out creating friction between the
ger's shadow when he was national
ANALYSIS
has displayed such a
United States and its NATO allies.
security adviser under President
conceptual grasp of
Conservatives Concerned
Ford. This time, he can be expected to
how the various strands of policy
play a leading role in the Administra-
"Linkage that stems out of Soviets'
tion.
should fit together or expressed
obvious stonewalling or trying to be
Led Presidential Panel
themselves in such extensive, often
divisive on conventional arms control
provocative detail on the complex
is then O.K.," Mr. Scowcroft said.
During the Reagan Administration,
Mr. Scowcroft's generally moder-
Mr. Scowcroft was the chairman of a
strategic issues facing the United
ate stance worries some staunch con-
Presidential panel on strategic forces
States. Many of Scowcroft's well-
servatives, who are slightly appeased
and reportedly exhibited the type of
publicized views on arms control
by his criticism of the new missile ac-
skills he will need as national security
and the Strategic Defense Initiative
cord and his cautious approach to a
adviser.
new strategic arms treaty.
In consultation with key Congres-
"The conservatives are concerned
sional moderates, the panel mapped a
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
Washington Times 25 Nov 88
n. 1
Scowcroft
outspoken
skeptic of
Scowcroft
CONTINUED
servative groups like the Heritage
SDI value
Foundation have urged breaking out
of the ABM Treaty and beginning
space tests as soon as possible.
"We'd like to see the president
By Peter LaBarbera
move out of it," Mr. Hackett said.
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
"The president should announce un-
limited testing in space. The Soviets
Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcroft, Presi-
have violated it anyway, so let's go
dent-elect George Bush's choice for
ahead with testing."
national security adviser, has over
Although Gen. Scowcroft does
the years taken positions sharply at
support SDI research, he has argued
odds with the Reagan administra-
that in the current era of severe bud-
tion on nuclear arms control.
get constraints, SDI funding would
But it is Gen. Scowcroft's oft-
displace the funding needed for a
stated skepticism toward President
variety of crucial defense programs.
Reagan's space-based missile de-
Even if the United States were to
fense concept that sets him most
build just the single anti-ballistic
apart from the Reagan agenda on
missile site [containing 100 ABM
strategic issues.
The retired Air Force general in
launchers] as allowed by the updated
1985 called on Mr. Reagan to bargain
ABM Treaty, he writes in a recent
paper he co-authored, "[it] would re-
said.
away his Strategic Defense Initiative
to defend against enemy nuclear
quire a very heavy investment of
Mr. Hackett says an aggressive
missiles in exchange for deep cuts in
funds and talent."
SDI program is justified on its own
multiple-warhead rockets on both
But Gen. Scowcroft has objected
merits, and that even a partial strate-
sides.
to a major SDI effort on far more
gic defense system enhances U.S.
That was heresy to SDI enthusi-
than budgetary grounds.
nuclear deterrence.
asts nationwide, who mounted a
"Effective arms control does not
Gen. Scowcroft also opposes link-
frantic last-minute campaign prior
require defense," he told the Los An-
ing new strategic arms reduction
to Mr. Reagan's Icelandic summit
geles Times in February 1985.
talks [START] and conventional
with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorba-
arms reduction talks with the Soviet
chev urging him not to abandon the
"There are immense arms control
Union - a linkage favored by some
program.
implications [of an SDI system] be-
conservatives - but he leaves open
"We've got to step back and ask
cause it has been difficult enough to
the possibility that linking the two
what's the most important goal here,
negotiate simply strategic offensive
negotiations may be advisable if
and it seems to me defending the
weapons agreements. When you
Moscow advances propagandistic
country against Soviet attack is
throw defense in, it obviously makes
convential arms proposals designed
it immensely more complicated," he
to split the NATO alliance.
most important," said James Hac-
kett, a senior fellow at the conserva-
tive Heritage Foundation.
Gen. Scowcroft lost that battle in
1985 when Mr. Reagan did not bar-
gain away SDI. But true to his mod-
erate, cautious reputation, he ended
up criticizing as "flawed and unrea-
lizable" Mr. Reagan's arms control
vision of eliminating all strategic nu-
With stances like these, Gen.
weapons favored by SDI supporters,
clear weapons by 1996.
Scowcroft, a protege of former Sec-
The Reagan administration has
Gen. Scowcroft, a national secu-
retary of State Henry Kissinger, has
called for a "broad" interpretation of
rity adviser to President Gerald
gained a modicum of support among
the treaty, which it argues the So-
Ford, also disapproved of the 1987
conservatives. But that has not been
viets have violated by constructing
U.S.-Soviet treaty to ban ground-
enough to make up for the distrust
the huge Krasnoyarsk radar in Sibe-
launched intermediate-range nu-
many still feel due to his opposition
ria.
clear weapons in Europe, arguing
to some key elements of Mr. Rea-
The administration, frustrated at
that it could endanger the U.S. deter-
gan's strategic policy.
Soviet unwillingness to scrap the ra-
rent against a Soviet attack on West-
Gen. Scowcroft has consistently
dar, is considering plans to retaliate,
ern Europe. He ended up endorsing
supported a "narrow" interpretation
including beginning SDI tests. Con-
passage of the treaty lest Washing-
of the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile
ton divide its European allies by re-
Treaty, which would restrict the test-
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
neging on it.
ing of space-based sensors and
Daily News
25 November 1988
p. C17
ideology. but compe ence
LARS-ERIK NELSON
ASHINGTON-You could
W
it's one of the Reagan administration's
keep the MX missile loaded
nuclear options to deal with the Soviet
perfect qualities to be President
Bush's national security adviser.
on trains on military reserva-
nuclear threat.
Here's his argument against the rail-
tions in time of peace; somebody was
Brent Scowcroft quietly shot it down.
garrison MX: "To move the MX out
saying, and then, if a Soviet attack
This took place at an informal sympo-
into the rail system, you would have to
seemed likely, move it out onto the na-
sium a couple of weeks ago, and it ex-
have some kind of strategic warning,
tion's rail system so the Russians
emplifies the way Scowcroft, a former
and you cannot assume that you will
couldn't target it. That would elimi-
Air Force intelligence officer, oper-
nate the current vulnerability of the,
ates. He is nonideological, noncon-
always have strategic warning in ad-
MX as it sits in its siloes.
frontational and intellectually devas-
vance of a war," Scowcroft said.
Not a bad idea, in theory, and in fact,
tating in a soft-spoken way-the
"And even if you do have strategic
warning, you cannot be sure that you
can afford to act upon it. We had all
kinds of strategic warning before Pearl
Harbor and didn't do anything.
"Now, take the rail-based MX," he
continued. "Suppose relations with
the Russians deteriorated and war
seemed possible. There's the strategic
warning. But, at that point, you would
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
As is Scowcroft's view of how to keep
global schemes, the inertia of a bu-
the peace: "Most wars, and most deci-
reaucracy that believes it is the true
sions to go to war, are irrational acts,"
government, and the can-do generals
he said. "Our job is to make even the
willing to propose or salute lunacies
nonlogical resort to war less likely."
that may provide them a promotion.
What was it that Michael Dukakis
Bush has chosen a team likely to
said about the election? It was not
spare him the kind of failures of com-
about ideology, but about competence.
mon sense that crippled President
In putting together his national securi-
Reagan's foreign and defense policies
ty team, President Bush has taken this
during his first six years in office: the
notion that Israel and the Arab nations
advice to heart.
Competence
Secretary of State-designate James
would join a "strategic consensus"
CONTINUED
Baker is an adroit negotiator. Former
against the Soviet Union; the strategy
most likely be engaged in the most sen-
Sen. John Tower of Texas, the likely
that put U.S. Marines on a beach in
sitive negotiations. All the allies, prob-
secretary of defense, is reported by his
Beirut, where they were slaughtered;
ably all of Congress, would be urging
the belief a Soviet masterplot to stran-
the President not to take any provoca-
friends to have a hard-headed aware-
tive steps-and mobilizing the MX
ness that the nation must first figure
gle the Western Hemisphere can be
out what it must do to defend itself and
defeated by the Contra army; the in-
would be a provocative step. It might
even provoke the Soviet attack."
then structure its military forces ac-
sanity of shipping weapons to Iran.
cordingly-not vice versa.
EAGAN MAY HAVE been an es-
That is to say, a military system that
And Scowcroft is both a genuine
is technologically feasible and also
scholar of military strategy and a high-
R
pecially persuadable man, but
seems to work in the computer-model
clearly he was not protected
ly competent public servant.
from these follies by advisers of good
chess games of nuclear warfighting
scenarios, very likely would be unus-
The essential role of the national se-
sense. Bush is not repeating Reagan's
able in a real flesh-and-blood world.
curity adviser is to be an intellectual
biggest mistake. It is hard to imagine a
This is not a liberal or a conservative
bodyguard. He must protect the Presi-
Jim Baker, Brent Scowcroft or John
argument, or a hawkish one or a dov-
dent from the wily arguments of the ac-
Tower allowing their President-or
ish one. It is just common sense.
ademic sharpies with their madcap
their country-to walk off such cliffs.
Lynn Martin: A
Sheila Tate:
Constance
Colin Powell:
Alan Keyes:
4th-term, Re-
Press secre-
Horner: Direc-
Current nation-
Ex-State Dept.
publican con-
tary of Presi-
tor of Office of
al security ad-
official, unsuc-
gresswoman
dent-elect
Personnel
viser to Rea-
cessful U.S.
from Illinois.
Bush's transi-
Management
gan.
Senate candi-
tion team.
under Reagan.
date in Md.
Minorities warily watch Bush picks
By Jean Becker
ine he won't name a black to
pressing the Supreme Court to
USA TODAY
his Cabinet, but I guess it's pos-
overturn the Roe vs. Wade de-
sible," says James Compton,
cision legalizing abortion.
Some women's and minority
president of the National Ur-
"I already feel like we're un-
groups aren't as confident as
ban League's Chicago chapter.
der siege and we haven't even
others that President-elect
Among the concerns:
begun,' Yard says.
Bush will make room for them
There are few prominent
There's worry nothing will
in his new White House.
black Republicans from whom
change. "President Reagan
"We're not at all surprised"
Bush can pick. "This is an op-
acted as if black people didn't
he hasn't appointed blacks or
portunity for Bush to bring
exist," says Frank Watkins of
women, says National Organi-
more blacks into the Republi-
the Rainbow Coalition. Bush's
zation for Women chief Molly
can Party," Compton says.
Cabinet "must reflect all Amer-
Yard. "It's par for the course
NOW fears Bush will be
ican people, not just white
for the Reagan/Bush team."
controlled by the right, espe-
male Republicans."
Black groups are cautiously
cially since Attorney General
more optimistic: "I can't imag-
Dick Thornburgh already is
Hopeful groups, 1A
Security adviser is a known quantity
By Leslie Phillips
USA TODAY
Nov25.88
Resumé
National Security
Bush insiders
Brent Scowcroft already has
President-elect Bush will fill top
posts over the next few weeks
a model for his new job as
Senate action begins in January. So
President-elect Bush's national
security adviser: Himself.
Brent Scowcroft
far ( -filled; [Hto be named):
CABINET POSITIONS
The 63-year-old retired Air
Dutles: Advises president of Cabinet views on
Agriculture
Force general served an earli-
er stint as national security ad-
international affairs. Salary: $89,500.
Attorney general:
Dick Thornburgh
viser from 1975-77 during the
Last job: Co-chairman of President Reagan's
Commerce
Ford administration.
Back then he worked in the
Commission on Strategic Forces.
Defense
Education: Lauro Cavazos
shadow of the dominant Secre-
Qualifications: RetredAry Force lieutenant to Bush
Energy
tary of State Henry Kissinger.
general, campaign; was national President security Ford; served on
was a adviser adviser for
Health and Human Services
Housing, Urban Development
This time around, he's likely to
Interior
be far more influential.
Tower Commission prob-
Labor
In announcing the appoint-
ment, which does not have to
ing Iran-contra affair.
State: James Baker
Treasury: Nicholas Brady
be confirmed by the Senate,
Background: B.A.,
Transportation
Bush said he was looking for an
U.S. Military Academy
Veterans Affairs
"honest broker" who will "con-
(1947); Ph.D., Colum-
TOP ADVISORY STAFF
vey to me exactly the feelings"
bia U. (1967); profes-
CIA director
of the Cabinet as well as his
sor at the Air Force
National security adviser:
Academy; military as-
Brent Scowcroft
own "unvarnished" views on
foreign policy.
sistant to President
Office of Management and
Budget: Richard Darman
Secretary of State James
Nixon.
Ambassador to U.N.
Baker will be chief foreign pol-
icy spokesman, but Scowcroft's
Family: Scowcroft, 63, a
Chief of staff: John Sununu
native of Ogden, Utah, and
ABOUT THE INSIDERS
broad range of experience and
close ties with Bush will give
wife Marian have one
Home state: New Hampshire, 1;
New Jersey, 1; North Carolina,
him the president's ear.
daughter.
Pennsylvania, 1; Texas, 2 Utah, 1
He has advised the last four
AP
Sex: 7 men, women
presidents on national security
Minorities: Hispanic
issues. Further, he and Bush
have been trusted friends since
views on arms control and U.S.-
gan's notion of a space-based
Scowcroft NSC leadership,"
the Ford administration when
Soviet relations that at times
missile defense, or "star wars."
Bush said. He's "possessed of
Bush, as CIA director, reported
clashed with Reagan adminis-
"The Scowcroft NSC (Na-
enormous experience and a
to Ford through Scowcroft.
tration policy. For example, he
tional Security Council) leader-
person in whose judgment I
Scowcroft also has firm
tagged as "impossible" Rea-
ship will be modeled after the
have confidence."
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1988
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
AP
In tapping Brent Scowcroft to be his national
security adviser, George Bush has selected a
respected man with vast experience - including a
previous tour of duty in the post. He is not
expected to take a lead in formulating policy,
however, and analysts say the appointment assures
Secretary of State-designate James Baker's primacy
in foreign affairs policymaking.
'Honest broker' Scowcroft to head NSC
ly Donald L. Rheem
tate national security policy,
members of Congress and top
Congress is ready to work
taff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
not make it, those who know
Capitol Hill aides who have
with, the lawmaker adds.
Washington
him add.
worked with him in the past.
Despite the praise, how-
George Bush's selection of
Mr. Bush called the former
"It's an outstanding pick,"
ever, Bush is expected to take
etired Air Force general
three-star general a "trusted
says Congressman Norman
some flak from the right wing
Brent Scowcroft to be his na-
friend" who has earned great
Dicks (D) of Washington, who
of his party over the appoint-
ional security adviser Wed-
respect from Republicans,
expressed nothing but praise
ment, because of Scowcroft's
esday met with widespread
Democrats, and "world lead-
for the retired general. "Bush
reputation as a moderate who
raise from policy analysts,
ers around the globe."
couldn't have done better."
may be too willing to work
nembers of Congress, and oth-
General Scowcroft, who is
Representative Dicks says
with the Democrats.
rs here.
considered a moderate on de-
the President-elect is off to a
One of the reasons Scow-
Defense analysts refer to
fense issues, served in the
strong start in his transition.
croft is so highly regarded is
General Scowcroft as a
same position under President
In his appointments of James
his previous performance as
model" for the position. He
Gerald Ford.
Baker III as secretary of state
President Ford's national se-
istens without taking sides,
Scowcroft receives virtu-
and now Scowcroft, Bush has
curity adviser. Having served
hey say. He will try to facili-
ally universal praise from selected two people whom
Please see NSC page 7
NSC
istration is that they will be able to move
the treaty's terms, it would "traumatize"
force looking into options for deploying
from page 3
very quickly on national security issues
them to then turn around and kill the pact
the MX missile. The general is said to
and opportunities as they arise.
in the Senate.
have impressed both sides of the aisle
n the position when Henry Kissinger ran
"You won't have the situation like pre-
Scowcroft also had problems with
with his ability to listen and effectively
he State Department, Scowcroft knows
vious administrations, where it takes a
Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative,
mold a consensus. He is credited with
now to work with a powerful secretary.
year to get your act together," Mr. Korb
which he thought would seriously ham-
moving the commission beyond the MX
"Scowcroft is the consummate skillful,
says.
per the efforts of arms negotiators deal-
deployment question to considerations of
ntelligent, knowledgeable staff man, not
Bush said he plans to put together "a
ing with the Soviet Union. SDI added the
the entire range of US nuclear forces.
visionary policy infighter," says Rich-
strong national security team. Now, with
need to discuss defensive as well as stra-
Scowcroft also served on the Tower
ard K. Betts, a senior fellow at the
Brent Scowcroft at my side in the White
tegic weapons in arms negotiations, a fact
commission that investigated the Iran-
Brookings Institution. Mr. Betts praises
House, we've taken a large step in that
Scowcroft thought would complicate any
contra scandal, and in 1985 he was ap-
he pick and says it cements Mr. Baker's
direction."
potential agreement.
pointed to a special commission on de-
ole as the real power in foreign affairs.
The President-elect said he plans to
General Scowcroft's reputation as a
fense management that studied Pentagon
"He [Scowcroft] probably will not try
review the Reagan administration's na-
skilled political operative was enhanced,
procurement practices.
o interpose himself. between the Cabinet-
tional security objectives and then come
congressional sources say, when he was
As one congressional aide said, "This
evel officials and the President," Betts
out with a set of his own. He said his
named in 1982 to head a Reagan task
man is warmed up and ready to go."
ays. At the same time, however, "he's
policy initiatives will "strengthen our alli-
ot going to pretend he doesn't know
ances [and our ability] to help those
nything," the scholar says.
around the world who need our help, to
These qualities seemed to rank very
enhance our quest for human rights, and
lighly with Bush. "He will be an honest
to deal realistically with the Soviet
roker," the President-elect said at the
Union."
ress conference Wednesday. "He will
"Baker at the State Department will be
onvey to me exactly the feelings of the
numero uno," says Brett, "and the staff
Cabinet members
[and] bring those
operation at the White House will be an
ogether."
efficient, skillful operation but not one
Recognizing Scowcroft's vast experi-
taking the lead in defining policy the way
nce in military matters, Bush said he also
it did under Nixon and to some extent
expects the general to convey, "unvar-
under Carter."
ished, his own view on policy matters."
Scowcroft has been largely supportive
Bush said Scowcroft will have direct "day
of the Reagan administration's foreign
and night" access to the Oval Office.
policy initiatives, but he had misgivings
"The most amazing thing about this
over with the Intermediate-range Nuclear
appointment]," says Lawrence J. Korb, a
Forces Treaty with the Soviet Union.
ormer assistant secretary of defense un-
Even thought he opposed the treaty, how-
ler Reagan, "is that you have for the first
ever, once President Reagan signed it,
ime in a new administration someone
Scowcroft said he believed it would be a
vho has had the job. He is going to walk
mistake for the Senate not to ratify it. He
n there and know how it is done."
asserted that, after the United States per-
The big advantage for the Bush admin-
suading its Europeans allies to agree to
Baltimore Sun 27 Nov 1988
p.3
Scowcroft choice foretells
a new look at arms goals
By Charles W. Corddry
turn into the new administration
Washington Bureau of The Sun
"major governmental initiative" and
if it did. it could forestall "many other
WASHINGTON - President-elect
courses of action" in defense and
George Bush's choice of Brent Scow-
elsewhere in government. the report
croft as national security adviser
said.
foretells a fresh review of U.S. aims
Mr. Scowcroft. a major. if quiet.
in arms control negotiations with
voice on security matters for 20
Moscow and a skeptical new look at
years, takes singular advantages to
the goal of cutting strategic nuclear
the White House post.
weapons by 50 percent.
These include long acquaintance
The proposed halving of intercon-
with, and the confidence of. Mr.
tinental weapons stockpiles reflects
Bush. who directed central intelli-
President Reagan's urge for deep nu-
gence when Mr. Scowcroft served
clear cuts, Mr. Scowcroft has said.
Mr. Ford. He has a considerable leg-
But there "has been no kind of proc-
up on James A. Baker. the secretary
ess" demonstrating how the cuts
of state-designate, in foreign affairs
would make for a more stable mili-
experience.
tary balance between the superpow-
Most important. the man who is
ers and better deter nuclear war.
national security adviser sits in the
"Why do we want to play with
White House and has constant ác-
success?" Mr. Scowcroft has asked.
cess to the president.
referring to nuclear deterrence strat-
His job. as Mr. Scowcroft has
egy of the past 40 years. "The argu-
said, is to supervise preparation of
ments for deep cuts are unpersu-
national. as distinct from depart-
asive. [although] I'm not saying they
mental, security plans: give inde-
are wrong."
pendent advice on foreign and müli-
U.S. and Soviet delegates in Ge-
tary policy and try to see that the
neva have been trying for several
president's decisions are carried out.
years to negotiate an agreement that
The job often makes the security
would cut each side's strategic arse-
adviser the broker between contest.
nal to 6,000 nuclear warheads, a 50
ing State and Defense department
percent reduction.
positions.
The return of Mr. Scowcroft to
In the Carter-Ford report to Mr.
the White House - he was Presi-
Bush. Mr. Scowcroft and Mr. Wool-
dent Gerald R. Ford's security advis-
sey wrote that the new president
er - ensures a new assessment of
must promptly lay out his approac
how right or wrong the arguments
to arms control - at a time when
are and how arms control proposals
Moscow is pushing "at least superfi-
in general fit into an updated strate-
cially attractive new
overtures
gic concept for U.S. defense.
and proposals."
Mr. Scowcroft. who will be Mr.
But before deciding on an arms
Bush's most experienced hand in
control approach. they wrote. deci-
foreign and military affairs. is one of
sions must first be made on modern-
numerous authorities. including Mr.
izing U.S. nuclear and conventional
Ford's secretary of state. Henry A.
military forces within a reduced
Kissinger. who believe a pause and
budget.
new look at arms control aims are in
In his skepticism about deep nu-
order.
clear cuts, especially when there is
In the related area of "star wars"
not much money to expand non-nu-
defense of the population against
clear forces. Mr. Scowcroft has said
missile attacks. the retired Air Force
the question is "what are we trying
general has been an agnostic. But he
to do?"
thinks that some sort of ground-
The answer. he has said. is to
based version to protect missile and
make the concept of war deterrend e
bomber bases may be feasible and
work. which justifies erring "on the
necessary.
up side." Now the question seems 10
The presidential transition report
be. "How much can we cut back
handed Mr. Bush last week by for-
have it still work
What is it That
mer President Jimmy Carter and
we're seeking that makes it wise to
Mr. Ford warned about the heavy
run the almost undefinable risk of
cost of a full-scale pursult of the
getting there?"
Strategic Defense Initiative — "star
wars"- for continent-wide defense.
The report's section on that and oth-
er security issues was written by Mr.
Scowcroft and R. James Woolsey.
Mr. Carter's Navy undersecretary.
Such an SDI commitment could
ARIZONA REPUBLIC
27 November 1988
Pg. C4
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER
Bush taps Gen. Scowcroft
A
large number of passengers are riding
cohèrent strategic policy linking strategy with
comfortably on an airliner when the
arms control. Each ran down a separate track
pilot's voice comes over the intercom.
without intersecting.
"Well, folks, I've got some good news and
The administration often seemed mesmerized
some bad news," the pilot announces. "The bad
by slogans - such as the INF Treaty's promise
news is that we're lost. We really don't know
to "eliminate a whole class of weapons" -
where we're headed. But the good news is that
while ignoring the linkage of arms control to
we're making very good time."
crucial strategic issues of force structure and
Brent Scowcroft, the man George Bush has
the military balance. As Mr. Scowcroft, a critic
named to be his national security adviser, tells
of the INF Treaty, points out, in arms control
this story to illustrate his difficulty with the
the goal should not be reductions for their own
sake, but a stable military balance that
Reagan administration's lack of coherent policy
enhances deterrence.
in the strategic areas of arms control,
nuclear-force modernization and the defense
What has concerned Mr. Scowcroft most
budget. It has generated plenty of activity, the
about the Reagan administration is its attack on
retired Air Force general notes, but in the rush
the whole notion of deterrence. President
to re-arm America and achieve arms-control
Reagan has a horror of nuclear weapons and
treaties with the Soviet Union it has given
has held out the hope of eventually abolishing
precious little attention to fundamental strate-
them, either through strategic defense -
gic questions.
so-called "Star Wars" - or arms-control pacts
such as INF and the 50 percent reductions of
President-elect Bush's appointments continue
START. In effect, he has held out the vision of
to inspire confidence, and none more so than
a world that cannot exist a nuclear-free
the naming of Lt. Gen. Scowcroft to the key
world - and this has undercut popular support
White House position at the National Security
for deterrence.
Council. Mr. Scowcroft is one of the most
cogent strategic thinkers in the country. A
Mr. Scowcroft recognizes that no sane person
protege of Henry Kissinger's, he was a national
likes the notion of nuclear deterrence -
security adviser to Presidents Nixon and Ford,
maintaining peace through the threat of
headed President Reagan's Commission on
unleashing Armageddon but he recognizes
Strategic Forces (the so-called "Scowcroft
that, as far as we can measure it, it has worked
Commission"), and served on the Tower
and that deterrence through conventional
committee that probed the Iran-contra affair.
weapons has failed miserably at enormous cost
Over the past 30 years he has been intimately
in human lives. While missile defenses and arms
engaged in the planning and implementation of
control both can play a role in the enhancement
U.S. strategic policies.
of deterrence, neither will do away with the
As national security adviser, Mr. Scowcroft
necessity of maintaining a nuclear deterrent.
will be able to manage the conflict between the
"Arms control will not solve our problems
State Department's addiction to treaties for
with the Soviet Union," Mr. Scowcroft said
treaties' sake and the Pentagon's willy-nilly lust
recently. "The arms race
is
a
symptom,
not
for more and more weapons. While achieving
the problem. It is the thermometer of our
significant accomplishments in the moderniza-
difficulties with the Soviet Union, and one does
tion of America's nuclear deterrent, the Reagan
not cure the disease by breaking the thermome-
administration never bothered to develop a
ter."
DAILY DIGEST
13
Monday, November 28, 1988
"Agile, Efficient Group"
Under the headline: "A Team of Pragmatists for the President-Elect," correspondent
Enrico Franceschini wrote from Washington in leftist La Repubblica Saturday, "It is
certainly too early to say whether he will be a good President, but, in the first two
weeks after the vote, George Bush has demonstrated that he can be a valid
President-elect. His transition team is composed of an agile and efficient group of
100 people "
WEST GERMANY: "Scowcroft"
Saturday's right-of-center Frankfurter Allgemeine observed, "Scowcroft does not
belong to the GOP's right wing. He is a moderate conservative politician, certainly a
pragmatist and flexible during negotiations.
"He did not support a rapid deployment of Reagan's SDI project, but rather
considered it a possible bargaining chip with the Soviets. Scowcroft maintains a low
profile in Washington's arrogant circles. According to Bush, this is the best
prerequisite for the position of Security Adviser, because he shouldn't compete with
the Secretary of State, but work as an honest broker next to the Oval Office..."
"Scowcroft Will Establish Different Priorities"
Centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung remarked, "The new U.S. Security Adviser will establish
different priorities in the arms control agenda than Reagan.
"Scowcroft has criticized the INF Treaty and would have preferred to keep a few
INFs in Western Europe to make discriminate deterrence more credible.
"He is for a reduction of strategic missiles while, at the same time, he suggests the
deployment of new, less vulnerable systems
"He thinks that the SDI project is unrealistic, but considers SDI research
appropriate There are really plenty of opportunities for Scowcroft to examine new
approaches to arms control... "
"Shaping Up"
Today's right-of-center Die Welt of Bonn said, "The new American administration is
shaping up. Thus far, Bush has nominated politicians with a lot of experience,
competence and political realism A policy of flexible and careful pragmatism is
emerging.
SOUTH AFRICA: "Pragmatic Foreign Policy"
The opposition Sunday Times remarked. "President-elect George Bush signalled once
again this week that he wants a pragmatic foreign policy rather than an ideological
one by nominating Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft as his National Security
Adviser
USIA/P/M
DAILY DIGEST
14
Monday, November 28, 1988
"Bush is also keen for his foreign policy to be run by the White House and State
departments and not by the Central Intelligence Agency..."
"No Respite on Bashing Vice President-Elect"
The opposition Sunday Star wrote, "Is a Bush in the White House worth a Quayle in
the back seat? It seems there's been no respite yet from the United States media or
public in bashing the unfortunate Vice President-elect.
"Wisecracks about Senator Dan Quayle still flow thick and fast. He's on his way to
becoming the most lampooned Veep in history.
"The jokes about the 41-year-old Mr. Quayle center on his being a political
lightweight and none too bright, on his fuzzy Vietnam war record, and of course on
the worries about his being the traditional hearbeat away from the top job..."
SOUTH KOREA: "The Ultimate Coordinator"
Independent Joongang Ilbo's Washington correspondent Han Nam-gyu observed,
"The new Bush Administration will probably be characterized by competition among
three pivotal figures: James Baker, Brent Scowcroft and White House Chief of Staff
Sununu.
"Mr. Bush may be planning to act as the ultimate coordinator of the views of these
powerful men whom he will then use to carry out his decisions...'
*******
EAST-WEST RELATIONS--The NATO paper on
conventional forces was the lead East-West
discussion topic over the weekend. In France the
press largely panned Mr. Mitterand's visit to Moscow.
BRITAIN: "A Hollowness to the Logic"
In an editorial today, the liberal Guardian said, "NATO has delayed thinking about the
future for too long. It can, as it did last week, issue the most knee-knocking account
of its conventional forces' inferiority to the Warsaw Pact, swamped two to one, three
to one, or even four to one in troops and tanks and aircraft and artillery.
"But there is a hollowness to the logic.
"This dramatic imbalance, it is believed, has existed through far more threatening
times. Where is the emotion to restore it now? Is Mr. Manfred Woemer, the
Secretary General telling his Bonn friends to spend far more? Of course not. He is
preparing the way for next spring's Vienna grind of conventional force reduction
negotiations."
USIA/P/M
WASHINGTON TIMES
29 NOVEMBER 1988
Pg. 3
NATO warned by Scowcroft
of strategy, finance problems
and its allies, he said, include nu-
for Foreign Policy Analysis and the
By Peter Almond
clear modernization, military cost-
Netherlands Atlantic Commission.
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
sharing, loans to Moscow, East-West
Yesterday's discussions indicated
The North Atlantic Treaty Orga-
trade and technology transfer, Euro-
clearly that the directions NATO
nization faces tough decisions on
pean economic integration and its
must take now are far from clear.
strategy and spending in the face of
consequences for trans-Atlantic
Defense Secretary Frank Car-
the Soviet Union's "present benign
trade in 1992.
lucci said "we must not neglect our
mode," President-elect Bush's na-
"One of the basic problems is how
forces in anticipation of a dimin-
to keep our collective wits about us
ished threat."
tional security adviser said last
night.
when the Soviets are in their present
But Ton Frinking, president of the
"Unless we can arrive at cooperat-
benign mode," Gen. Scowcroft said.
Dutch North Atlantic Assembly, said
ive decisions which the alliance can
The time has come for "a long and
maintaining defense budgets would
hold to under the benign influence of
sustained searching and continuous
be difficult, and that if any European
our Soviet interlocutors, we will find
review" of NATO's directions, he
or American government thinks
ourselves in serious disarray," Lt.
said.
there is any choice other than East-
Gen. Brent Scowcroft warned at a
He was speaking at a two-day con-
West arms agreements, "we are fool-
conference here.
ference marking NATO's 40th anni-
Issues facing the United States
versary, organized by the Institute
SCOWCROFT Pg. 4
Democrat and member of the Senate
forces abroad and reduce deploy-
fense identity, in the shape of the
SCOWCROFT
fm Pg.1
Armed Services Committee, said for
ment of aircraft carriers unless Con-
Western European Union," that the
gress approves a Pentagon budget
Americans the big NATO debate for
ing ourselves."
"European pillar" of NATO will be
the next few years will be about the
best developed.
There was general agreement
increase.
"sacrifices" U.S. taxpayers have to
that NATO's future depends to a
"Domestic programs continue to
Mr. Waldegrave and several other
make for Europe's defense.
large extent on analysis of Soviet di-
grow at about 8 percent. I see noth-
speakers cited the recent coordi
rections and intentions.
Mr. Carlucci acknowledged that
nated involvement of minesweeper
ing wrong with a 2 percent real
"In the past few years, all our pub-
U.S. arguments focused on how
and ships from six NATO countries
growth in our defense budget," he
lics have seen Mr. Reagan and Mr.
much less the Europeans are devot-
through the WEU, in the Persian
said.
Gorbachev shaking hands, as if they
ing to defense do not adequately ex-
Gulf, was an example of how the Eu
Mr. Carlucci said he has seen no
were the best of pals," said Dutch
plain the latter's commitments.
ropeans will increasingly work to
change in Soviet military doctrine,
Defense Minister Frits Bolkestein.
A conservative friend, William
gether on defense.
production of weapons or disposi-
"Any right-minded person knows
tion of forward-based forces.
Waldegrave, a minister of state in the
As for American fears that the
that world peace is not achieved by
British Foreign Office, said that
may become too integrated, settin
a single handshake.
But
when
the
Referring to the draft for next
"simply name-calling about statis-
up a Fortress Europe with high tar
public sees such things on television,
year's Pentagon report, "Soviet Mili-
tics, satisfactory though it is, is not
riff barriers after the 1992 full eco
it makes it much more difficult for
tary Power," he took note of the Sovi-
going to see us through."
nomic integration of the Europea
them to accept a growth in the de-
ets' latest short-range ballistic mis-
Sounding a theme picked up
Community, Mr. Waldegrave echoe
fense budget, as always at the ex-
sile, the SS-21, and "the deep
throughout the conference, he said
others by saying "the purpose o
pense of other political wishes.
underground tunneling in the Soviet
that it is "by coaxing the Europeans
1992 is to remove internal Europea
Mr. Carlucci said the United
Union."
into developing a self-confident and
barriers, not to erect new externa
States may be forced to cut military
Sen. Albert Gore Jr., Tennessee
properly coordinated European de-
ones."
4
David S. Broder
The third area, the battle for priority
of other presidential initiatives, is the
main work of the White House domestic
Choosing
staff, which is just beginning to take
shape. Retiring New Hampshire Gov.
John Sununu, as chief of staff, will have
People for
the major responsibility for seeing that
the departments and agencies heed the
President's signals and that Bush's poli-
cies and projects are sold skillfully to
All Seasons
Congress, the public and key interest
and constituency groups. But this is not
a one-man job and the full team of White
A23
House legislative, public-relations, press
George Bush is off to a good start on
and political aides is not yet selected.
building his administration. The manner
of his choosing, as much as the men he
Sununu brings both strengths and
has chosen, suggests that his long ap-
liabilities with him. Lack of Washington
prenticeship has given him the confi-
experience has hampered others in fill-
dence and competence to take over and
ing the role, but it need not be crippling.
run the executive branch.
Another New Hampshire governor,
Sherman Adams, functioned well as
The heart of a presidency lies in
chief of staff for President Eisenhow-
managing the economy and national se-
er-a man, like Bush, with his own
curity and establishing a mechanism for
intimate knowledge of the ways Wash-
ensuring the priority of the president
ington works.
other objectives over those of compet-
ing agendas.
A governor understands how a po-
litical executive must marshal the large,
The principal players on Bush's eco-
but not infinite, resources of his office to
nomic team reflect his understanding
advance his own objectives. As chief of
that this is the place to go for quality and
staff, Sununu can help Bush define and
performance. Secretary of Treasury
achieve those goals-but only if he
Nicholas Brady, Office of Management
understands the environment in which
and Budget director Richard Darman
he is working.
and chairman of the Council of Econom-
Washington is a long way from Con-
ic Advisers Michael Boskin have the
cord. At home, Sununu shared the com-
academic and business credentials
pact capitol with a large but poorly
and-most important-the political
staffed legislature and a state adminis-
governmental experience to tackle the
tration in which few were willing, or
daunting problems of the budget and
able, to challenge his views. The Demo-
trade deficits, Third World debt and a
cratic political opposition was weak in
liquidity crisis in the savings and loan
both numbers and leadership. In that
industry.
setting, he could command-or co-
Brady, as a former senator, and Dar-
erce-approval of most of his plans.
man, as a key negotiator on the tax
Critics and even some colleagues in
programs of the first six Reagan years,
Concord describe Sununu as brusque,
have an intimate knowledge of Capitol
demanding, opinionated, unyielding and,
Hill. That's an absolute essential in an
on occasion, secretive and devious.
area where negotiations between the
But even they acknowledge that in
president and Congress will determine if
the Sununu years, no one out-thought
progress is to be made.
him, out-worked him or out-organized
In national security, the demands are
him. Bush was rescued in New Hamp-
at least as great and the men at least as
shire last February, after a potentially
competent. James A. Baker, as secre-
crippling defeat in Iowa, in large part
tary of State, is a newcomer to formal
because Sununu brought all of his abun-
diplomacy. But he studied with the
dant energy, intelligence, discipline and
world's leaders for eight years as White
guile to bear on the task at hand.
House chief of staff and secretary of
He insisted that Bush hold nothing
Treasury. He is a superlative negotia-
back. Together, they broke Senate Re-
tor, and he too has a network of rela-
publican Leader Bob Dole's candidacy
tionships in Congress on which he can
like a stick of kindling across their
draw for both counsel and support.
knees.
Brent Scowcroft, as head of the Na-
Dole and his ally, Sen. Warren Rud-
tional Security Council staff, returns to a
man of New Hampshire, have spread
post where his previous tenure-under
the word among Republicans on Capitol
President Ford-is cited as the model
Hill of the character of the incoming
by almost all students of the post. Like
chief of staff, just as Michael Dukakis
Baker and Brady, he has a long personal
has let his fellow Democrats know how
relationship with Bush.
hardball a character Sununu can be. So
It is significant that Bush chose to
Bush needs to surround Sununu with
name his secretary of state and his
White House staffers who understand
national security adviser before picking
the need for two-way communication,
his secretary of defense. That reverses
not just direction; for negotiation, not
Reagan's priority. He put his closest
just confrontation.
associate, Caspar Weinberger, at the
But when the troubled times come, as
Pentagon, then filled the State Depart-
ment and NSC jobs with men less linked
they inevitably will, it will be no small
thing to Bush that he and Sununu have
to him. The result, for the first six years
stared down political ruin together in
of Reagan's tenure, was a foreign policy
the past-and survived.
dominated by the Pentagon and distort-
ed by an undisciplined NSC. This is
a
mistake Bush has clearly set out to
avoid.
Early Deadlines on Arms Issues
Some Scowcroft Positions at Odds With Bush Amid Budget Pinch
By R. Jeffrey Smith
long preferred the Midgetman, but
Washington Post Staff Writer
Bush's campaign advisers said he
was leaning toward the rail-based
President-elect George Bush and
MX.
his national security adviser-
Both schemes are designed to
designate, Brent Scowcroft, face an
protect the U.S. land-based nuclear
unusually large number of military
force from attack by increasingly
and arms control decisions to be
accurate Soviet missiles by provid-
made early next year, each with
ing a mobile alternative to the mis-
major financial implications, accord-
siles now based in fixed silos. The
ing to key aides and congressional
force of 500 warheads on rail cars
sources.
would disperse from military gar-
Unlike Ronald Reagan in 1980,
risons onto civilian track upon
Bush is under brief, congressionally
warning of a Soviet attack.
imposed deadlines to set clear mil-
But Scowcroft, like many leading
itary priorities and stake out posi-
fense experts said in a report last
Democrats, complains that the rail
tions on potentially controversial
year that "we see virtually no pros-
cars would be vulnerable to sur-
issues from a new land-based nu-
pect of building a significant and
prise attack, while the faster
clear missile and the Strategic De-
effective shield
inside of this
Midgetman trucks would not be.
fense Initiative to Soviet compli-
century" and that "it remains highly
The difficulty is that the truck
ance with arms agreements.
unlikely" that research innovations
scheme may cost up to $36 billion,
The backdrop for these declara-
under Reagan "will alter the funda-
while the rail cars would cost $13.5
tions is Scowcroft's recent estimate
mental challenges involved."
billion.
that $300 billion must be slashed
The so-called Aspen Strategy
immediately from the Defense De-
Group also concluded that although
An alternative scheme, sug-
gested in Scowcroft's recent re-
partment's budget plan for fiscal
a partial U.S. missile defense "may
be more plausible," it probably
port, calls for periodically shuttling
1990-94, an amount equivalent to
would not be cost-effective or be
the MX, Midgetman or older Min-
the entire existing annual military
uteman missiles on trucks from one
capable of surviving a concerted
budget.
Soviet attack.
silo to another over a large area in a
The reason is the spending plan
The group also called the Reagan
"shell game" deployment aimed at
being left behind by Reagan far out-
administration's reinterpretation of
hiding their precise location from
strips the modest budget increases
the 1972 Antiballistic Missile
Soviet spy satellites. Pentagon of-
likely to be appropriated by Con-
(ABM) Treaty to allow sophisticat-
ficials estimate this would cost
gress, Scowcroft said in a report
ed SDI tests in space "implausible"
slightly less than the $36 billion
written for the recently released
and asserted that U.S. adherence to
Midgetman truck deployment.
"American Agenda" project of for-
the traditional interpretation "would
Cruise missiles and arms talks.
mer presidents Jimmy Carter and
not seriously hamper" sensible sci-
Proceeding with any of the mobile
Gerald R. Ford. "Considerably
entific research in the next decade.
missile schemes while the overall
greater" cuts will be needed if Con-
Scowcroft's position is sharply at
military budget is flat will require
gress approves a flat military bud-
odds with Bush's campaign support
canceling other costly weapons pro-
get, he said.
for the permissive ABM interpre-
grams and reversing the Reagan
"In the absence of some sound
tation, but in basic agreement with
administration's position at the Ge-
strategic concept, [these] cuts
the consensus in Congress favoring
neva talks that mobile missiles must
from current procurement and [mil-
be banned.
itary] force structure plans could be
But Scowcroft contends it would
MAKING CHOICES
catastrophic for the nation's de-
obviate the deployment of addition-
fense," Scowcroft said. He wrote
al nuclear submarines capable of
the traditional interpretation. Adop-
the report with former Navy under-
hiding from Soviet satellites and,
tion of Scowcroft's view would
secretary R. James Woolsey before
possibly, any deployment of nuclear
again sweep aside a major obstacle
being designated to be director of
sea-launched cruise missiles, again
to a new U.S.-Soviet strategic arms
the White House national security
disputing a Reagan administration
accord.
decision-making apparatus.
position.
Bush has until March 1 to pre-
Scowcroft has expressed opinions
pare a report for Congress on "the
Pentagon officials argue that So-
on key issues that are often sharply
viet compliance with a limit on
status of planning" for a limited SDI
cruise missiles-unpiloted, subson-
at odds with Reagan policies, sug-
system, and until March 15 to re-
ic drones-cannot be verified. But
gesting that the transition to a new
port on the program's overall goals
Republican administration on Jan.
and direction.
Scowcroft appeared to disagree
when he wrote of "the wisdom of a
20 could be unexpectedly abrupt.
A new strategic missile. "The
But some of his views are also at
most important decision that the
ban or limits" on the sea-launched
president will make about strategic
weapons. The Soviets have de-
odds with Bush's statements during
forces" is whether and how to de-
manded such limits as another ma-
the presidential campaign, leaving
ploy a new land-based interconti-
jor condition for a new strategic
the administration's direction un-
nental ballistic missile, Scowcroft
arms accord.
clear.
The principal issues:
said in the American Agenda re-
Bush has until March 15 to pre-
port.
pare a detailed report for Congress
The Strategic Defense Initiative
(SDI). Bush may face an early de-
Congress voted in the 1989 de-
on the implications of such an ac-
fense authorization to require that
cord on U.S. strategic forces in the
cision on SDI, Reagan's cherished
effort toward building a comprehen-
Bush decide by Feb. 15 whether to
1990s.
spend $600 million for additional
Other issues. Bush must also re-
sive shield against Soviet ballistic
research on a scheme to deploy the
port by Jan. 31 on Soviet compli-
missiles.
10-warhead MX missile on railroad
ance with existing arms treaties,
Bush said this month that his po-
cars or to divert the funds to prep-
and by April 1 on the Pentagon's
sition favoring the program's con-
arations for deploying the single-
budget for 1991-95.
tinuation "is stated, and it is
not
warhead Midgetman missile on
In his American Agenda report,
changeable." Funded at $4 billion a
trucks.
Scowcroft suggested trimming the
year, the program is laying the
The question proved enormously
budget by placing active Army units
groundwork for a decision in the
controversial under Reagan, with
on reserve status, deploying air-
early 1990s to proceed with full-
the military pulling for the less cost-
craft carriers closer to home, de-
scale development of a space weap-
ly railroad scheme and the Demo-
veloping more unmanned or drone
ons system.
cratic majority in Congress pressing
military aircraft and using more
But Scowcroft and four other de-
for the truck idea. Scowcroft has
computer simulations in training.
WASHINGTON TIMES
30 NOVEMBER 1988
Pg. F2
What should the NSC do?
neered the famous rapprochement with the
the will of the elected government remains
People's Republic of China without the assis-
to be seen.
In naming longtime friend and fellow
tance or knowledge of the State Department.
But another question entirely is the wis-
Texan James Baker as secretary of state and
When the president has been less engaged,
dom of the policies Mr. Bush and his new
former "boss" Brent Scowcroft as national
the results have been less favorable, particu-
advisers eventually embrace. So far, the
security adviser, George Bush has laid the
larly in the Iran-contra affair.
president-elect's national security apparatus
foundations for a foreign policy decision-
The ideal function of the National Secu-
is an Inside-the-Beltway troika. Before final-
making structure that has the virtue of
rity Adviser is two-tracked: 1) making sure
izing his choices for CIA, Defense and related
steadfast loyalty to the president and his poli-
the president is well-informed about the ma-
positions, Mr. Bush might want to consider
cies.
jor security problems facing the nation and
the benefits of widening the intellectual and
Recent history provides abundant evi-
receives a range of thoughtful, comprehen-
ideological base of his core group of foreign
dence that the actual conduct of American
sive policy. options for dealing with those
policy advisers.
foreign policy has taken a direction that the
problems, and 2) monitoring the implemen-
Founders never would have anticipated. A
tation of the president's chosen policy initia-
series of bureaucracies, particularly in the
tives as they are undertaken by the appropri-
Department of State, conducts foreign policy
ate organs of the executive branch. The
on its own, sometimes without bothering to
secretaries of state, defense, and treasury,
consult with the president charged with con-
the attorney general, the director of central
ducting foreign policy. As President Harry
intelligence and any other executive officers
Truman once put it, "The difficulty with
the president deems suitable should partici-
many career officers in the government is
pate in discussion leading to a president's
that they regard themselves as the men who
ultimate policy decision. Once that decision
really make policy and run the government.
is made, to the extent that it is achievable
They look upon the elected officials as just
through diplomacy, the secretary of state
temporary occupants. Every president in our
should be responsible for its execution.
history has been faced with this problem:
Mr. Scowcroft in his previous tenure as
How to prevent career men from circum-
National Security Adviser to President Ford
venting presidential policy."
showed great capacity for performing that
Recent administrations have suffered
job as it ought to be performed. At that time
from an even more novel problem. Political
he had the advantage of working with a sec-
appointees have abridged, circumvented or
retary of state, Henry Kissinger, with whom
ignored the policy initiatives of the very
he philosophically agreed and who enjoyed
presidents who gave them their jobs.
the full confidence of the president. Mr. Ba-
Because of these distortions, would-be
ker, due to his long friendship with Mr. Bush
"loyalists" on the White House-based Na-
and his extensive experience in both the
tional Security Adviser's staff have taken it
White House and the Treasury Department,
upon themselves to implement foreign policy.
should be capable of sharing a similar work-
This has worked well when the president and
able partnership with Mr. Scowcroft.
his national security adviser see eye-to-eye,
Whether or not he will be able to focus the
as happened when Henry Kissinger engi-
activities of the State Department to serve