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Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
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470766558
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Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
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CF00195-001
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Records of the National Security Council (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Latin American Affairs Directorate Subject Files
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1989-12-31
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1989
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2015-0017-S
2015-0017-S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject Files 1989
OA/ID Number:
CF00195
Folder ID Number:
CF00195-001
Folder Title:
Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
V
8
5
7
3
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Doc. No. / Type
Subject/Title
Date
Restriction
Classification
01. List
Folder list (1 pp.)
8/15/90
(b)(1)
02. Memorandum
To: Brent Scowcroft From: David Pacelli
2/13/89
(b)(i)
Re: Reply to Note from Senator Sanford (1 pp.)
03. Cable
071939z Dec 89 (4 pp.)
12/7/89
(b)(1)
04a. Cable
150607z Feb 89 (3 pp.)
2/15/89
(b)(1)
04b. Paper
Re: Ortega's Proposal (I pp.)
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
04c. Paper
Re: Tesoro Accord (1 pp.)
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
05a.
Memorandum To: President Bush From: Brent Scowcroft
2/15/89
(b)(i)
&
Re: Implications of the Agreement Reached at the San Salvador
Summit (2 pp.)
05b.
Memorandum To: President Bush From: Brent Scowcroft
2/15/89
(b)(i)
Re: Implications of the Agreement Reached at the San Salvador
Summit (2 pp.)
05c. Cable
150612z Feb 89 [handwritten annotations] (4 pp.)
2/15/89
(b)(1)
06. Memorandum
To: Distribution list From: David Pacelli
2/9/89
(b)(1)
TS
Re: Prof Note for General Scowcroft (2 pp.)
Page 1 of I
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject File 1989
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
Pinksheet Number:
MB8125
OA/ID Number:
CF00195-001
Date Closed:
12/2/2014
FOIA/Sys Case #:
2015-0017-S
Re-review Case #:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
SECRET
DATE OF RETIREMENT:
August 15, 1990
PAGE:
1
OF
/
DIRECTORATE:
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE
FOLDER
OF
FILE DESCRIPTION/TITLE
1
11
Central American Peace Plan (subject files) (January - December 1989)
2
Central America: Soviet Involvement (subject files) (January - December 1989)
3
Central America-Public Mail to the President (subject files) (January - December 1989)
4
Chile (subject files) (January December 1989)
5
6
Rx of Willson
CIA Reports-Latin America Warning & Forecast Meetings (subject files)(January-December 1989)
Codeared
Colombia (subject files) (January December 1989)
7
The Colombus Group (subject files) (January - December 1989)
8
Box
Costa Rica (subject files) (January - December 1989)
9
Council of the America's (subject files) (January - December 1989)
10
Cuba (July - December 1989)
11
11
Cuba (subject files) (January - June 1989)
12
Costa Rica (San Jose Summitt) 1989
13
Central America Immigration 1988
14
Central America Immigration 1989
B
DECLASSIFIED
BY: DEBORAH W. BAKER AND/OR MARY K. BLAIR
PER NSC WAIVER, #2021-02
By MC NARA, Date 7/16/21
DATE: August 15, 1990
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
0576
PACELLI
File CA
THE WHITE HOUSE
Sommission
SANFORD
WASHINGTON
March 6, 1989
Dear Senator Sanford:
Thank you for forwarding to me the Report of
the International Commission for Central
American Recovery and Development. I know
that some of my staff have discussed earlier
drafts with the co-chairmen of the
Commission, Mr. Levitt and Dr. Picado, and I
look forward to reading the final report.
Sincerely,
Brent Scowcroft
The Honorable Terry Sanford
United States Senate
Washington, D.C. 20510
0576
stall for reply
20 is Servecott
UNITED STATES SENATE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
SSAMF
TERRY SANFORD
NORTH CAROLINA
February 7, 1989
202-224-3154
The Honorable Brent Scowcroft
Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
The White House
First Floor/ West Wing
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear General Scowcroft,
At the suggestion of David Rockefeller,
I am sending this report to you.
With best wishes always,
Sincerely,
Terry Sanford
Enclosure
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
0576
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
February 13, 1989
ACTION
SIGNED
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI
DAP
SUBJECT:
Reply to Note from Senator Sanford
Senator Terry Sanford (D. -North Carolina) has written you a note
at Tab A forwarding a copy of the Report of the International
Commission for Central American Recovery and Development (known
as the Sanford Commission). I recommend a short reply
acknowledging receipt of the document and your interest in
reading it. The report--which will be presented to the Central
American presidents this week--contains few new ideas and does
not make a significant contribution to helping us resolve the
current problems of peace and development in Central America.
Various administration officials--including Bob Pastorino--have
tried in vain to improve it.
Senator Sanford also has written the President requesting that
the co-chairmen of the Commission be permitted to present the
report to him (system log 0583). Notwithstanding the report's
lack of new ideas, we intend to recommend in the spirit of
bipartsanship that the President accede to this request, inviting
the Senator to come as well.
DAP for
Virginia Lampley concurs.
RECOMMENDATION:
That you approve the letter to Senator Sanford at Tab I.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I - Scowcroft Letter to Sanford
Tab A - Sanford Letter to Scowcroft
DECLASSIFIED
PER NSC WAIVER, #2021-02
CONFIDENTIAL
By Mc NARA, Date 7/16/21
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
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Task Force Report to the International Commission
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THE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMIS-
The analyses in this volume were written by experts
SION FOR CENTRAL AMERICAN RECOVERY AND
in Central American development, economics, politics
DEVELOPMENT
and administration. They were asked by the Interna-
Poverty, Conflict, and Hope: A Turning Point in
tional Commission for Central American Recovery and
Central American Recovery and Development
Development (ICCARD), created in 1987, to synthesize
existing knowledge on Central America's prospects for
The 1980s have been a turbulent decade in Central
aid, trade, and institutional reform, and to propose
America's history, a history already marked by strife
creative approaches to the problems facing the region.
and upheaval. Recent wars, economic hardship, and
Their work was coordinated and edited by the Center
political unrest have been years in the making, and
for International Development Research at Duke
are the products of flawed and inequitable economic,
University.
social, and political structures.
contributors to this volume:
In this report, ICCARD--through the 47 international
leaders it assembled for this purpose--rises above
Sergio Aguayo, School of Advanced International
rhetoric and simplistic remedies to focus on realistic
Studies, Johns Hopkins
approaches to economic and social development. This
Gustavo Arcia, Research Triangle Institute
book reviews the unequal access of marginal groups
Cassio Luiselli, Inter-American Institute for Coopera-
to political and economic particpation, the precarious
ion in Agriculture
situation of Central American economies and financial
Robert G. Healy, Duke School of Forestry and
institutions, the prospects for regional political and
Environmental Sciences
economic integration, and other aspects of Central
Colin I. Bradford, Jr., Yale University
America's development. Each of these challenges is
Claudio Gonzalez-Vega, Ohio State University, and
addressed by specific recommendations to the Central
Jeffrey Poyo, INCAE (Central American Institute
American governments, as well as to the governments
for Business Administration)
of the industrialized nations and the international
John Jacob Freiberger, M.D., Duke University Medical
organizations involved.
Center
Sally W. Yudelman, International Center for Research
Though its membership holds widely divergent
on Women
political viewpoints, ICCARD has achieved a remark-
Richard E. Feinberg, Overseas Development Council
able degree of agreement on recommendations
Eduardo Lizano Fait, President, Central Bank of Costa
providing a unique and authoritative perspective.
Rica
These recommendations, based on a realistic know-
Philip L. Brock, Duke University
ledge of the capabilities and limitations of existing
Richard McCall, Office of Sen. John Kerry
institutions, have a heartening chance for success.
Stuart K. Tucker, Overseas Development Council
Alan Stoga, Kissinger Associates
97 pages, index.
Lars Schoultz, University of North Carolina
0-8223-0897-5
$30.00 cloth
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William Ascher is Co-Director, the Center for
May 1989
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Professor in the Institute of Policy Sciences and
Duke University Press 6697 College Station
Public Affairs and of Political Science, Duke Univer-
Durham, NC 27708 (919) 684-2173
sity; Ann Hubbard is Project Coordinator and
Director of Communications, ICCARD.
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Cammen
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
FOR CENTRAL AMERICAN RECOVERY
AND DEVELOPMENT
The International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development
was created in June 1987 to draft a comprehensive plan for the economic and social
development of the five Central American republics-Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guate-
mala, Honduras and Nicaragua.
The independent nonpartisan Commission includes 47 prominent economists,
development experts, stätesmen, social scientists, and business and labor leaders
from across the political spectrum in Latin America, North America, Europe and
Asia. Commission members have been working intensively to foster international
cooperation to promote peace and development in Central America. The co-chairs of
the Commission are Sonia Picado of Costa Rica, the Executive Director of the Inter-
American Institute of Human Rights and a judge of the Inter-American Court of
Human Rights, and Arthur Levitt, Jr., the Chairman of the American Stock Ex-
change.
While the Commission's membership is international, much of its leadership
comes from Central America. Central Americans have played a leading role in all
aspects of the Commission's work, and scholars and institutions based in the region
have provided valuable research and guidance. The Commission's recommendations
constitute a plan proposed from within the region, not a plan imposed on it.
Although not a member of the Commission, U.S. Senator Terry Sanford was a
driving force behind its creation. Philanthropic foundations and development
agencies fund the Commission's work. While maintaining its independence, the
Commission has worked closely with governments and private organizations
throughout the world. It has established relationships with national, regional and
international organizations that work on issues ranging from trade and agriculture
ito education, finance and human rights.
The Commission's plan is intended to offer guidelines for peace, democracy and
development in Central America. It reflects an unusually strong consensus by people
on opposing sides of the region's conflicts; the Commissioners who drafted this plan
achieved a degree of unity and mutual support that is virtually unprecedented.
The International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development
released its report in Guatemala in early February 1989. It will spend the coming
months consulting with the Central American and international organizations that
helped shapelits recommendations and that will a play an important role in imple-
menting them.
INTRODUCTION
A decade of civil conflict and economic decline has transformed Central
America from one of the world's fastest growing regions into a maelstrom of
crisis and human suffering. More than 160,000 people have died in wars or
unrest; two to three million Central Americans have been uprooted by the
violence; three in five live in poverty; three in ten can neither read nor write;
and the economies of all five nations are heavily dependent on foreign aid. By
1990, ten million Central Americans-40% of the population-will live in
extreme poverty.
When the five Central American presidents signed the peace plan in
Esquipulas, Guatemala in 1987, hopes were high that the violence would soon
end. But the problems are stubborn, with deep roots in the endemic poverty
and injustices that have long plagued the region. In addition, external powers
have continued to fuel tensions by emphasizing military solutions to economic
and political problems.
Central America today is caught in a vicious cycle in which war thwarts de-
velopment and the lack of development fuels war.
Members of the International Commission for Central American Recovery
and Development have reached strong consensus on steps that can help break
that cycle. The Commission's goals are to strengthen peace where it exists,
spur efforts to end the fighting where it continues, and encourage govern-
ments inside and outside the region to unite for peaceful, democratic develop-
ment.
The fundamental premise of the Commission's work is that durable peace,
genuine democracy and equitable development are inextricable. These three
objectives are mutually reinforcing and must be promoted simultaneously:
without peace there can be no development; without equitable development,
democracy cannot be sustained; and without democracy, there will be no
lasting peace.
The persistence of civil and economic turmoil points to the need for new
approaches to Central America's complex problems. Recent steps toward
peace and democracy point to a strengthened will within the region. History
and circumstance, diligence and courage have brought a rare moment of
opportunity for Central America. The region is at a turning point that calls for
swift and concerted action.
IMMEDIATE
Central America's decade of crisis has most severely hurt the people least
able to endure additional hardships-the poor. As the direct victims of the
crisis, refugees and displaced persons are among the most vulnerable of the
ACTION
many millions of Central Americans living in extreme poverty. The fate of
these refugees is also one of the region's most volatile political questions.
The Commission has developed an immediate action plan that offers
pragmatic recommendations for reintegrating the displaced and refugee
populations, creating employment, establishing an infrastructure to ensure:
adequate food supplies, and setting up and maintaining health facilities for the
poor. It is designed to be a catalyst for long-term, sustainable development,
rather than an emergency assistance package:
The Commission recommends that immediate actions be designed to
generate productive employment by focusing on seven principal areas: food
"From the international community, we
security, health and nutrition, basic education, safe drinking water and sanita-
solicit respect and help. We have Central
American roads to peace and development,
tion, temporary housing, infrastructure, and human rights:
but we need help to make them come true.
The immediate action plan should focus initially on refugees and displaced
We ask for an international treatment that
persons, and people living in extreme poverty in the communities in which they
guarantees development for peace to be long-
are resettling or relocating. This group of Central Americans totals approxi-
standing. We firmly reiterate that peace and
development are inseparable."
mately 2 million people. Within these populations, special provisions must be
made for young children, pregnant and nursing women, and the elderly.
Declaration of Central American Presidents
The Commission estimates that it will cost at least $2.5 billion over a three-
Esquipulas, Guatemala
year period to assure the survival of this targeted population. These immediate
August 1987
actions, however, will improve conditions for only some of those now living in
extreme poverty. The cost of extending the full benefits of the immediate action
plan to all Central Americans in extreme poverty would total $11.3 billion over
three years. Unfortunately, Central America's economies are not capable of
effectively absorbing this level of aid. Moreover, extensive direct food aid would
undercut domestic food production, reducing the region's long-term food self-
sufficiency.
Thèrefore, the eradication of extreme poverty cannot be achieved through
immediate actions alone, no matter how well-funded. It must also be the focus
of medium- and long-term economic development.
The goal of helping to meet the basic needs of those living in extreme
poverty is not simply a compelling humanitarian challenge; it is a fundamental
element of long-term development. The Commission has demonstrated that in
the long run it is feasible.
The economic chaos in Central America cannot be alleviated without
ending the armed conflict and re-establishing a favorable investment climate.
SUSTAINED
Only through growth will Central America generate and sustain the resources
needed to alleviate poverty and improve living standards for everyone. The
DEVELOPMENT
greatest challenge for the region today is to address the immediate needs of
reconstruction and recovery, while at the same time creating the conditions for
sustained development.
Improving the economic and social conditions of the region will require
growth, increased employment and improved distribution of the benefits of
growth. The basic elements around which an effective development strategy
can best be built are: human resource development, more efficient production
and export promotion, regional integration, and food security. For development
to be sustainable; the region's fragile natural resources must be conserved.
In the wake of economic collapse and rapid-population growth, roughly
45% of Central America's workforce is currently unemployed or underem-
ployed. Policies are urgently needed to develop this untapped human potential.
The development strategy uniting economic growth and greater equity rests
heavily on a better educated, better trained, healthier population.
The Commission recommends a plan for sustained economic development
that stresses the broader participation of women, workers and indigenous
people.
The Commission urges the five Central American countries to aggres-
sively diversify and expand exports to earn foreign exchange and generate em-
ployment. A' revitalized and restructured Central American Common Market
can increase the region's capacity to export competitively. The governments
should reinstate a common tariff structure that gradually but deliberately
reduces protection of domestic industry. The strategic importance of national
food security and rural employment, however, justifies some protection for
rice, corn and beans.
Reforming tax systems and financial policies and revising agrarian policies
are also critical. The Commission also advocates reforming the region's
schools, placing the highest spending priority on primary education. Central
America's health systems must also be restored and reformed, particularly in
rural areas.
DEMOCRACY
A primary cause of unrest in Central America is the lack of democracy
the exclusion of much of the population from political representation and
economic benefits. The Commission begins its work with the conviction that
democracy reinforces equitable development and promotes peace:
Democracy must include the participation of people who have previously
been excluded, the peaceful resolution of conflict within and between nations,
greater social and economic justice, respect for individual rights, and free and
fair elections.
Despite the wars and other crises, there has been some progress in recent
years toward democratic participation in Central America. This progress has
been reflected in more active political parties, large voter turnouts even when
voters were at risk, and the re-emergence of labor unions and grass-roots
groups.
Education on political and human rights is an important step in encour-
aging the growth of democracy. The Commission recommends the creation of
a Cultural and Educational Council to encourage democratic attitudes and
human resources development, and the establishment of an Economic and
Social Council to contribute to democracy by serving as a regional consulta-
tive body of civil society.
Immediate steps are needed to assure thè independence and physical
security of judges and lawyers throughout the region.
Central American governments must engage the armed forces in the
movement toward democracy. The armed forces have an essential and legiti-
mate role in protecting the security of each Central American nation. But
security is not achieved by repression and military dominance of government.
The Commission recommends that democracy and popular participation
in Central America be encouraged through the continued withdrawal of the
military from politics and the development of effective mechanisms of civilian
political control. The reduction of military budgets is imperative, yet it must
be paced so that security risks do not increase significantly; it must also be
sensitive to the importance of adequate military salaries for encouraging and
maintaining a professional orientation within the armed forces. Once hostili-
ties abate, military spending must be rechanneled into education, infrastruc-
ture and other development projects.
Revitalizing intra-regional trade is critical to Central America's recovery
and development. Once the catalyst for strong regional growth, the Central
REGIONAL
American' Common Market still holds great potential for the recovery and
development of the entire region
INTEGRATION
But integration must go far beyond a market for regional trade to include
broad economic and political, cooperation: Institutional structures must be re-
vamped and strengthened, existing organizations rebuilt, and new organiza-
tions established.
Since the Esquipulas II accords, the Central Americans have made an ex-,
traordinary effort to coordinate their actions. This interchange reflects the
significant enthusiasm for regional cooperation, and has helped to identify
some of the bases for institutionalizing government-to-government coopera-
"/ thought that a logical component of the
tion.
peace plan would be a program to rebuild the
The Commission recommends that the Central American governments
nations of the region whose economies and
people have suffered through years of devasta-
work together to increase cóordination of fiscal and monetary policies, as well
tion caused by political turmóit. What was
as interest and exchange rates.
needed was an international body to conduct
Regional institutions can help promote democracy and development The
an in-depth analysis of the prospects for real)
development in Central America.
Central American Parliament, which is now being established, can be critically
important in opening channels for regional political dialogue and in oversee-
U.S. Senator Terry Sanford
ing the diplomatic aspects of economic and political integration. The Parlia-
Report to the U.S. Congress
June 1988
ment will provide a legitimate political framework for regional debate and offer
support for the monitoring the peace process.
The Commission also proposes the establishment of a Central American
Court of Justice. It can establish expeditious procedures for resolving conflicts
among countries and institutions, and find just solutions when they cannot be
reached through other mechanisms.
In proposing new regional institutions and the strengthening of some that
already exist, the Commission recognizes the importance of institutional
coherence and the need to eliminate inefficiency and duplication of efforts.
The European Community, with its long experience in developing regional
structures, is in an excellent position to review and assess the institutional
structures involved in Central America's regional integration:
The Central American republics are highly sensitive to the actions of
outside forces. Long-term development will require at least a decade of
INTERNATIONAL
sustained international support and encouragement. This support must be
manifest in coordinated diplomacy that places peace and democracy on equal
COOPERATION
footing, and in economic policies that provide Central America with opportu-
nities for growth with equity,
For the next five years, the Commission finds that Central America will
need $2 billion of financial aid per year-up from current aid levels of about
$1.5 billion per year. The Commission recommends that, for each of the next
three years, at least $850 million of this aid be directed to meet the immediate.
basic needs of targeted populations in extreme poverty.
The Commission calls on the world community to give its full and unre-
mitting support to the consolidation of peace and democracy as envisioned by
the Esquipulas accords. As an important first step, all nations should under-
take the withdrawal of outside military aid to irregular forces and insurgency
movements.
To give maximum impetus to the peace and democratization process, the
Commission recommends that the international community base its relations
with Central American states-including diplomatic, economic, cultural and
security arrangements-on their compliance with the Esquipulas accords.
By the same token, the Commission strongly urges that countries in com-
pliance with Esquipulas not be denied financial assistance or trade benefits on
the basis of any other political criteria.
The world must recognize and respect Central America's growing will for
regional cooperation. In their drive for regional integraton, the Central
American governments must be able to rely upon international processes that
bring them together.
Many of the regional initiatives endorsed by the Commission require
international support. Donors should help to finance the revival of the Com-
mon Market and the creation and strengthening of other regional institutions.
For the long-term development of the region, trade is more important
"The work of the International
than aid. The export-promotion strategy proposed by the Commission can
Commission for Central American Recovery
succeed only to the extent that other countries open their markets to Central
and Development gives hope for international
and regional cooperation in support of peace,
American exports. The Commission recommends that industrialized nations
democracy and development in Central
and the more advanced Latin American countries grant unilateral trade
America. We recognize the obstacles, but
concessions, reduce tariffs and increase quotas on Central American exports
believe that our work will encourage
democratic development that addresses the
for at least a decade. The revival of Central America's economies also depends
poverty and inequality that lie at the root of
heavily on the availability of modern technology, the restructuring of old debts
the region's conflicts."
and the inflow of new capital.
Arthur Levitt, Jr.
In the 1980s, all Central American countries have suffered sharp and pro-
Washington, D.C.
longed declines in their terms of trade. As export growth and economic
February 1989
activity have slumped, levels of debt and debt service have soared. For the
region as a whole, debt service payments rose from consuming 12-percent of
exports in 1980 to 40 percent in 1987.
Through a combination of debt reduction and restructuring, the Commis-
sion recommends that Central America be granted relief from its private,
bilateral and multilateral debts. The Commission recommends sharply reduc-
ing private debt, rescheduling bilateral official debt over several years, and
expanding financial flows into the region from multilateral lending institu-
tions:
The region would benefit from a diversification of its capital providers.
While the Commission calls upon the United States to maintain current assis-
tance levels and to increase cooperation with multilateral aid efforts, it encour-
ages other donor countries and international financial agencies such as the
World Bank and the Inter -American Development Bank to increase assistance
to the region.
The trend toward more diversified foreign assistance makes the coordina-
tion of aid even more important. Toward this end, the Commission calls for
the establishment of a Central American Development Coordinating Commis-
sion to foster coordination of aid policies and programs. This institution
should be created on the principle of symmetrical multilateralism, where
donor and recipient countries and international organizations can coordinate
aid policies and programs,
The International Commission for Central American Recovery and Devel-
opment has created a comprehensive development plan that is designed to
ATURNING
satisfy economic and social needs and allow the region to become economi-
cally self-sufficient, free from its dependence on large flows of foreign aid. As
POINT
greater growth and equity satisfy the people's basic needs, and as more demo-
cratic institutions and processes answer the people's yearnings, Central
America can at last enjoy a firm and lasting peace.
Previous efforts to tackle Central America's difficult political and
economic problèms have been undermined, in part, by the region's conflicts.
Today, however, the time for concerted action is far more propitious. Eco-
nomic) reforms have begun in several nations, political structures and attitudes
have shifted; and the region's leaders themselves have sketched a new vision of
peace and democracy. With the Esquipulas accords; the Central American-
presidents have paved the way for a possible breakthrough.
Central America today is at a turning point. This plan is offered as
"(We) received with great pleasure the
report of the International Commission for
a signpost along the road to peace, democracy and development.
Central American Recovery and Development,
which constitutes significant contribution to
the consolidation of democracy and the
creation of a system of well-being and social
and economic justice in the region."
Joint Declaration of the Central
American Presidents
Tesoro Beach, El Salvador
February 13, 1989
COMMISSION
Guatemala City Meeting
Members of the International Commission for Central American Recovery and
MEETINGS
Development met for the fourth time in Guatemala City February 9-11. At that
meeting the Commission released its final recommendations and made plans to
encourage their implementation. Immediately following this meeting, the Com-
mission's co-chairs presented the report to the five Central American presidents at
their meeting in Tesoro Beach, El Salvador. One delegation of Commission
members then went to Washington, D.C. to meet with top policymakers there,
while a second delegation traveled throughout Central America, presenting the
report to each nation's leaders in politics, government, diplomacy, business, labor,
religion and community organizations.
In the weeks following the Guatemala City meeting, the Commission will
continue to consult with international leaders in Latin America, North America,
Europe and-Japan. These outreach activities are especially vigorous in Central
America, where Commission members are working to stimulate national dialogues
based on the Commission's recommendations.
Washington, D.C. Meeting
"It is our hope that the very special spirit
of cooperation and mutual understanding
Commission members met in Washington, D.C. in November 1988 to agree
generated by this Commission will guide
on the basic outline for the Commission's final economic development plan. At that
future efforts for peace, democracy and
meeting, Commissioners reached agreement on the major components of a
development in Central America. This report
comprehensive plan for immediate action to satisfy the basic needs of the millions
is a starting point, not the finish line. The real
work must now be undertaken by govern-
of Central Americans who face life-threatening poverty, and on basic assumptions
ments, organizations and individuals who
that shaped the Commission's final report.
have a stake in peaceful development for
Central America."
Sonia Picado
Stockholm Meeting
Guatemala City, Guatemala
February 1989
In June 1988, Commission members met in Stockholm, Sweden to review
preliminary recommendations drafted by its working committees. Five specific sets
of development issues were addressed: meeting immediate needs to reduce human
suffering during the transition to a post-war economy; attaining financial sustaina-
bility; promoting sustained economic development and more equitable distribution
of wealth; strengthening regional cooperation; and developing channels for broad
popular participation in the region.
San José Meeting
The inaugural Commission meeting was held in December 1987 in San José,
Costa Rica. Several themes dominated discussions: the critical role economic
development must play in the realization of the Esquipulas peace plan; the impor-
tance of Central American leadership in Commission work; a spirit of cooperation
with other national, regional and international organizations; a pledge that all de-
velopment plans created by the Commission would encourage participation by all
Central Americans; and an insistence that Commission proposals reflect political
and economic realities.
COMMISSION MEMBERS
Co-chairs:
Sonia Picado
Pedro Abelardo Delgado (El Salvador)
Albert Fishlow (United States)
Arthur Levitt, Jr.
Pedro Delgado is a management and financial
Albert Fishlow is chairman of the Department
consultant who serves as an adviser to the Pan
of Economics at the University of California at
Juan Francisco Alfaro (Guatemala)
American Development Foundation and the
Berkeley. He has served as deputy assistant sec-
Central Bank of El Salvador. He is the former
retary of state for inter-American affairs and as
Juan Alfaro is the General Secretary of the
President of the Central Bank of El Salvador
Director of Yale University's Concilium on
Guatemalan Confederation for Labor Unity
and has held positions with the Inter-American
International and Area Studies.
(CUSG):
Development Bank, the Permanent Secretariat
for Central American Economic Integration
(SIECA), and the Salvadoran Ministry of the
Irma Acosta de Fortín (Honduras)
Rodrigo Botero (Colombia)
Economy.
Irma Acosta de Fortín is the rector and founder
Rodrigo Botero is a private consultant in
of the Universidad José C. del Valle She has
Bogota, Colombia. He served as Colombia's
Enrique Dreyfus (Nicaragua)
served as Honduras's Director of International
Minister of Finance from 1974 to 1976, and was:
Cooperation for Development and as director of
a member of the Brandt Commission on Inter-
Enrique Dreyfus is Honorary Chairman and
a municipal capacitation project jointly
national Development Issues:
Past President of The Chief Council for Private
sponsored by the US AID and the Government
Enterprise (COSEP)
of Honduras. She has also been a member of
the Honduran Constituent Assembly and a
Guillermo Bueso (Honduras)
candidate for Vice-President of Honduras for
William M. Dyal Jr. (United States)
the Partido Nacionalista.
Guillermo Bueso is executive vice-president and
general manager of Banco Atlántida, director of
William Dyal is president of St. John's Collegé
the Central Bank of Honduras and advisor to
in Annapolis, Maryland. After serving as a Peace
the External Debt Negotiating Commission of
Corps country director, he was the founding
Xabier Gorostiaga (Nicaragua)
his country. He served previously as president
president of the Inter-American Foundation and
of the Central Bank of Honduras and Executive
president of AFS Intercultural Programs.
Xabier Gorostiaga, S.J., is the Director of the
Director for Central America at the Interna-
Regional Association for Economic and Social,
tional Monetary Fund.
Research (CRIES) in Managua, Nicaragua. He was
Lawrence Eagleburger (United States)
the founding Director of the Panamanian Center
for Social Studies and Action and an economic
Claude Cheysson (France)
Until recently, Lawrence Eagleburger was presi-
advisor to Panama during the negotiations on the
dent of Kissinger Associates. His twenty-seven
Panama Canal Treaties.
Claude Cheysson is Commissioner for Mediter-
years in the U.S. Foreign Service included
ranean Policies and North-South Relations for
terms as assistant secretary of state for
the Commission of the European Community.
European affairs and undersecretary of state for
Wolf Grabendorff~(West Germany)
political affairs. (Mr.Eagleburger resigned from
the Commission in January 1989 upon his ap-
Wolf Grabendorff is the Founding Director of
Alfredo Hernández Contreras (Guatemala)
pointment as deputy secretary of state.)
the European Community-sponsored Institute
for European- Latin American Relations (IRELA)
Alfredo Hernández is the General Manager of
in Madrid. He has served as the Latin American
the Guatemalan Federation of Coffee-Producing
Richard E. Feinberg (United States)
correspondent for the German television
Cooperatives (FEDECOCAGUA).
network ARD and as a senior staff member of
Richard Feinberg is vice president of the
the Research Institute for International Affairs
Overseas Development Council. He has worked
and Security, Siftung Wissenschaft und Politik
Juan José del Pino (Venezuela)
as a Latin American specialist at the Depart-
(SWP) in Ebenhausen, West Germany.
ment of State and as an international economist
Juan José del Pino is the Secretary General of
for the Treasury Department and the House
the Federation of Venezuelan Workers.
Banking Committee.
Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez (Costa Rica)
Yuzo Kamo (Japan)
Sol M. Linowitz (United States)
Francisco Gutiérrez is director of the graduate
Yuzo Kamo is a professor of history at Aoyama
Sol Linowitz, a senior partner of the international
program in business economics at INCAE (Central
Gakuin University in Tokyo. He is the author of.
law firm Coudert Brothers, served as President
American Institute of Business Administration) in
several books and articles on the history of Latin
Carter's personal representative for the Middle East
Costa Rica and vice-president of a consulting firm
America: In 1980-1981 he was a visiting professor
peace negotiations and as co-negotiator for the
dedicated to the analysis of the Central American
at the University of Havana and a visiting
Panama Canal Treaties. He has also served as U.S.
economies. He has served as an adviser to the
researcher at El Colegio de México. He has trav-
Ambassador to the Organization of American
Central Bank of Costa Rica and to the Presidency
elled extensively in Latin America.
States and Chairman of the Commission on U.S.
of the Republic, and as a consultant for Wharton
Latin American Relations. He is co-chair of the
Econometric Forecasting Associates.
Inter-American Dialogue:
Walther Leisler Kiep: (West Germany)
Arnold Harberger (United States)
Carlyle Guerra de Macedo (Brazil)
From 1965-1976, Walther Kiep was a member of
Arnold Harberger is an economics professor with
the West German Bundestag, where he chaired the
Carlyle Guerra de Macedo is director of the Pan
appointments at the University of California at Los
Committee on Development Assistance. The
American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office for the
Angeles and the University of Chicago. He is
author of several books on development, he was
Americas of the World Health Organization. He
director of the Center for Latin American Studies
the chairman of the German Committee for the
has served in numerous government positions in
at the University of Chicago and of the Program in
Economic Development of Turkey.
Brazil, including Secretary of Health for the State
Latin American Economic Research at UCLA.
of Piaui. Holding degrees in medicine and public
health, he is a specialist in health planning,
Mikio Kojima (Japan)
population, and economic and social development
David Ibarra (Mexico)
Mikio Kojima is president of the Japan External
David Ibarra, former Mexican Finance Minister, is
Trade Organization, New York. He has been
Juan Ramón Martinez (Honduras)
a consultant to Pemex and the United Nations. He
involved in Japan's industrial policymaking in
has served as director general of the National Bank
MITI. He has served in the Japanese embassy in
Juan Ramon Martínez is president of the
of Mexico and as director of the Mexico office of the
Egypt from 1973-1976, and the Japanese
Federation of Honduran Development Organiza
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin
delegation for OECD in Paris from 1982-1985.
tions, President of Consejo Editorial at the
America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, and
an editor of La Tribuna of Tegulcigalpa.
Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski (Peru)
Glenn P. Jenkins (Canada)
Francisco J. Mayorga (Nicaragua)
Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski is Chairman of First
Glenn Jenkins is an Institute Fellow at the Harvard
Boston International:
Francisco Mayorga is Director of Graduate Studies
Institute for International Development. He has
at the Managua campus of INCAE, the Central
served as Canada's Assistant Deputy Minister for
American Institute of Business Administration,
Tax Policy and is an advisor to the Minister of
Arthur Levitt, Jr. (United States)
where he has taught managerial economics and
Finance of Indonesia. He has worked for the Ford
finance since 1974. He is a former Director of the
Foundation on energy policy and for the World
Arthur Levitt is chairman and chief executive
Central American Bank for Economic Integration
Bank on taxation and pricing policies.
officer of the American Stock Exchange. From
(CABEI)
1969-1978, he was president and director of the in
vestment firm of Shearson Hayden Stone Inc. He
John T. Joyce (United States)
is chairman of the American Business Conference
Arturo Morales Carrion (Puerto Rico)
Inc.; a member of the President's Task Force on
Jack Joyce is president of the International Union of
Private Sector Initiatives, and a trustee of the
Arturo Morales is the executive director of the
Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen. He is an elected,
Rockefeller Foundation
Puerto Rican Endowment for the Humanities and
auditor of the International Confederation of Frée
former president of the University of Puerto Rico.
Trade Unions. He is a member of the Council on
Hē served as deputy assistant secretary of state for
Foreign Relations and the President's Advisory
José Federico Linares Martinez (Guatemala)
inter American affairs and as a special adviser to
Committee on Mediation and Conciliation
the Organization of American States on the
Federico Linares is the managing director of
Alliance for Progress.
FIASA, an investment bank, and is the former
president of the Central Bank and Monetary Fund
of Guatemala. He also has held positions with the
Central American Bank for Economic Integration
(CABEI):
Roberto H. Murray Meza (El Salvador)
Abraham Rodríguez (El Salvador)
Edelberto Torres Rivas (Guatemala)
Roberto Murray Meza is the former president of
Abraham Rodríguez is the first designate to the
Edelberto Torres Rivas is secretary general of
the Salvadoran Foundation for Economic and
Presidency of El Salvador. A founding member
FLACSO, the Latin American Faculty of Social
Social Development (FUSADES) and of
of the Salvadoran Christian Democratic Party,
Sciences. From 1980-1984, he directed research
FEDEPRICAP, a regional federation of business
he was its presidential candidate in 1967. A
programs at the Central American Institute of
organizations and private sector development
lawyer, he has served as the Director of
Public Administration. He has created and
foundations. He is currently president of La
FUSADES, the Salvadoran Foundation for
directed social science programs for universities
Constancia, S.A., and a director of the Central
Social and Economic Development.
in Mexico, Argentina, and Costa Rica
Bank of El Salvador representing the President
of El Salvador.
Constantino Urcuyo (Costa Rica)
Orlando Nuñez (Nicaragua)
Gert Rosenthal (Guatemala)
Constantino Urcuyo is a political scientist at the
Orlando Nuñez is the director of the Managua
Gert Rosenthal is the executive secretary of the
University of Costa Rica. He is also an expert
based Center for the Study of Agrarian Reform
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin
adviser to the r-American Center for
(CIERA). A sociologist, his most recent book is
America and the Caribbean (ECLAC): He is a
Electoral Assistance and Promotion (CAPEL)
Social Classes in Nicaragúa,
former Minister of Planning of Guatemala
and the Center for Administrative and Political
Research and Training
Daniel Oduber (Costa Rica)
Pierre Schori (Sweden)
Viron P: Vaky (United States)
Daniel Oduber was President of Costa Rica from
Pierre Schori is Undersecretary of State for
1974 to 1978. He is currently President of the
Foreign Affairs in the Swedish Ministry of
Viron Vaky is a senior fellow at the Carnegie
Governing Board of Costa Rica's National Lib-
Foreign Affairs. He served as foreign policy
Endowment for International Peace and
eration Party and Vice President of the Socialist
adviser to Prime Minister Olof Palme and is a
research professor at the School of Foreign
International. He has also been President of the
former international officer of the Social Demo
Service of Georgetown University. He has
Costa Rican Congress and Minister of Foreign
cratic Party
served as assistant secretary of state for inter-
Affairs. A lawyer, he has received doctorates
American affairs and as ambassador to Costa
from Yale University, the University of Central
Rica, Venezuela and Colombia.
America and the University of Kentucky. He is
Jesús Silva Herzog (Mexico)
-chair of the Inter American Dialogue
Jesús Silva Herzog is a former Finance Minister.
Luis Yanez-Barnuevo García (Spain)
of Mexico.
Sonia Picado (Costa Rica)
Luis) Yánez is Secretary of State for Interna
tional Cooperation and for Iberoamerica. He is
Sonia Picado is executive director of the Inter-
Ricardo Stein (Guatemala)
also President of ICI, the Institute for Ibero
American Institute of Human Rights and judge
american Cooperation
of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights:
Until recently, Ricardo Stein was deputy
As dean of the law school of the University of
executive director of FUNDASAL, the Salva-
Costa Rica from 1980-1984, she was the first
doran Foundation for Development and
Sally W. Yudelman-(United States)
woman dean in Latin America.
Housing. From 1980-1985, he was director of
the Center for Information, Documentation and
Sally Yudelman is a senior fellow at the
Research Support of the University of Central
International Center for Research on Women
Martín Piñeiro (Argentina)
America.
and former Vice President for Programs at the
Inter-American Foundation. She was Latin
Martín Piñeiro is director general of the Inter-
American/Caribbean regional planning and
American Institute for Agricultural Coopera
Peter Tarnoff (United States)
programs officer at the Peace Corps.
tion. He has served as an adviser to the United
Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and
Peter Tarrioff is the president of the Council on
several regional agriculture and development
Foreign Relations. 1961-1982, he was a
organizations.
U.S. foreign service officer and has held the
posts of executive secretary of the State Depart-
ment and special assistant to the secretary of
state.
The work of the International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development
is funded by philanthropic foundations and development agencies, including:
Arca Foundation
Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation
Carnegie Corporation of New York
Ford Foundation
MacArthur Foundation
Friedrich Naumann Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
Swedish International Development Authority
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
The Commission's report will be published in final form in June 1989. It can be ordered through:
Duke University Press, 6697 College Station, Durham, NC 27708.
The International Commission for Central American Recovery and Development welcomes
questions and comments from individuals or institutions interested in the Commission's work. The
Duke University Center for International Development Research serves as the secretariat for the
Commission. For further information, contact the Commission staff at:
Box 4875, Duke University
Durham, NC 27706
Telephone: 919/684-8894
or 919/493-9191
Telefax: 919/684-2861
Telex: 802829 DUKTEL DURM
Non-Profit Org.
U.S. Postage
PAID
Durham, N.C.
Permit No. 60
Jose Special Assistant to the Preside
Sorzano
for Latin American Affairs
National Security Council
Washington, DC 20506
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
07-Dec-1989 14:52 EDT
-
MEMORANDUM FOR:
JNET%"PACELLI@VAXC"@WHSR"@MRGATE
Tab
FROM:
VMSMail User JNET%"WHSR
(_JNET%"WHSR@WHSR"@MRGATE)
SUBJECT:
Received: From WHSR (WHSR) by VAXC with Jnet id 4009
for PACELLI@VAXC; Thu, 7 Dec 89 14:52 EST
Date:
Thu, 7 Dec 89 14:48 EST
From:
<WHSR@WHSR>
To:
PACELLI@VAXC
Original To: JNET&"PACELLI@VAXC"
<DIST>
SIT: AYERS PACELLI VAX
<PREC>
IMMEDIATE
<CLAS>
CONFIDENTIAL
<OSRI>
RUEHC
<DTG>
071939Z DEC 89
<ORIG>
PER DOS WACLASSIFTED
FM SECSTATE WASHDC
<TO>
TO RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA IMMEDIATE 0000
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE IMMEDIATE 0000
RUEHSN/AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR IMMEDIATE 0000
RUEHGT/AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA IMMEDIATE 0000
INFO RUEHDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE 0000
RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA IMMEDIATE 0000
ALL AMERICAN REPUBLIC DIPLOMATIC POSTS
<SUBJ>
SUBJECT: CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT: STICKING TO ESQUIPULAS
<TEXT>
BT
CONFIDENTIALSTATE 391052
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, XK
SUBJECT: CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT: STICKING TO ESQUIPULAS
REF:
(A) 89 STATE 383504 NOTAL
1. CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT
2. AFTER CONSIDERABLE DISCUSSION ON CHANGING ITS VENUE
FROM NICARAGUA, THE FIVE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS HAVE
AGREED TO ATTEND A SUMMIT IN SAN JOSE, DECEMBER 10-12.
THE MEETING TAKES PLACE IN THE CONTEXT OF NICARAGUAN
VIOLATIONS OF ITS ESQUIPULAS AND TELA COMMITMENTS:
- INCONTROVERTIBLE EVIDENCE OF SUPPORT FOR FMLN SUBVERSION
IN EL SALVADOR;
- THREATENING MOBILIZATION ALONG BORDER WITH HONDURAS;
- LIFTING OF THE INTERNAL CEASEFIRE WHICH HAS BEEN
ACCOMPANIED BY INTENSIFIED MOVES TO CLAMP DOWN ON THE
ELECTORAL PROCESS WHICH ENTERED THE FORMAL CAMPAIGN STAGE
ON DECEMBER
4.
(DETAILS ON FSLN HARRASSMENT TRANSMITTED
SEPTEL.)
DESPITE THESE FLAGRANT SHORTCOMINGS IN COMPLYING WITH
THEIR INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS, THE GON WILL CONTINUE TO
PRESS FOR RAPID DEMOBILIZATION OF THE RESISTANCE
(REPORTEDLY BY DECEMBER 31) AND TIGHTER RULES WITH RESPECT
TO THEIR MOVEMENTS. TO ACHIEVE THIS END, THEY ARE LIKELY
TO FALL BACK ON THE FAMILIAR TACTIC OF USING AS A
"CONCESSION" THE OFFER TO EASE UP ON VIOLATIONS OF THEIR
COMMITMENTS. IN THE WAKE OF THE HONDURAN ELECTIONS, THE
POSSIBILITY OF NICARAGUA REVIVING ITS ICJ SUIT AGAINST
HONDURAS, THE COSTA RICAN CAMPAIGN, AND FMLN GUERRILLA
OFFENSIVE, THE FOUR CENTRAL AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES CLEARLY
COME TO THE MEETING WITH DISTINCT AGENDAS, BUT WITH A
COMMON INTEREST IN PUTTING THE ESQUIPULAS PROCESS BACK ON
TRACK AND DIMINISHING PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL CONFLICT.
THE SAN JOSE SUMMIT PROVIDES THAT OPPORTUNITY.
3. AGAINST THIS BACKDROP, REFTEL SET OUT SOME PRE-SUMMIT
CONSIDERATIONS FOR DISCUSSION WITH CENTRAL AMERICAN
DEMOCRACIES. NOW THAT SUMMIT ARRANGEMENTS ARE FIRM,
ACTION ADDRESSEES SHOULD FURTHER ENGAGE HOST GOVERNMENTS
ON CARRYING OUT A COHERENT STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE THEIR
OBJECTIVES AT SAN JOSE. DRAWING ALSO ON POINTS PARA 3
REFTEL, EMBASSY SHOULD UNDERSCORE:
-- THE SUMMIT PRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REAFFIRM THE
VALIDITY AND VIABILITY OF ESQUIPULAS FRAMEWORK AND ITS
GOALS OF PEACE, DEMOCRACY AND SECURITY WHICH HAVE BEEN
SORELY STRAINED IN RECENT WEEKS.
-- IN PARTICULAR, WE HAVE STRONG MUTUAL INTERESTS IN-
MOVING AWAY FROM THE GROWING TENSIONS AND VIOLENCE OF THE
PAST WEEKS AND KEEPING THE FOCUS ON COMPLIANCE WITH THE
ESQUIPULAS/TELA AGREEMENTS WHICH HAVE WON WIDE
ENDORSEMENT.
-- THE CENTRAL AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES CAN ALSO USE THE
SUMMIT TO FURTHER DEMOCRATIZATION IN NICARAGUA. THE GON
COMMITMENT TO HOLDING FREE AND OPEN ELECTIONS IS A MAJOR
ACHIEVEMENT FOR THE CENTRAL AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES. THAT
ELECTORAL PROCESS IS ATTRACTING WORLDWIDE ATTENTION AND
SUPPORT AND HAS ACQUIRED ITS OWN DYNAMIC. COMPLETION OF
THIS PROCESS THROUGH FEBRUARY 25 ELECTIONS AND
ESTABLISHMENT OF GENUINELY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS OFFER
THE BEST HOPE FOR REALIZING THE GOALS OF ESQUIPULAS AND
TELA. THE SANDINISTAS MUST KNOW THAT THEIR CENTRAL
AMERICAN NEIGHBORS WILL HAVE A KEY ROLE IN CERTIFYING AS
TO THE AUTHENTICITY OF THOSE ELECTIONS, WITHOUT WHICH
NICARAGUA WILL REMAIN AN ANACHRONISTIC OUTCAST AMONG
DEMOCRATIC NATIONS.
-- IN THIS CONNECTION, WE URGE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS
TO AVOID ESTABLISHING A NEW SET OF UNREALISTIC DEADLINES
FOR DEMOBILIZATION OF THE RESISTANCE MILITARY ASSISTANCE
TO THE RN ENDED NEARLY TWO YEARS AGO. IN LIGHT OF THAT
FACT AND THE PRESENCE OF THE ONUCA WHICH CAN BE EMPLOYED
TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE NON-USE OF TERRITORY
PROVISIONS, THERE IS NO NEED OR CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSE TO BE
SERVED BY ESTABLISHING NEW AND UNREALISTIC TIMETABLES FOR
THE DEMOBILIZATION OF THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE. TO THE
CONTRARY, PRECIPITOUS ATTEMPTS TO FORCE ADHERENCE TO AN
ARTIFICAL CALENDAR COULD LEAD TO REACTIONS ON THE PART OF
THE RESISTANCE WHICH COULD FURTHER DISRUPT THE
PAINSTAKINGLY CRAFTED ESQUIPULAS PROCESS. MOREOVER,
2
FAILURE TO SATISFY SUCH DEADLINES OR EVEN TARGET DATES
COULD BE USED AS A SANDINISTA PRETEXT TO CANCEL OR
POSTPONE THE ELECTIONS.
-- FUNDAMENTAL, OF COURSE, IS FOR THE DEMOCRACIES TO HOLD
NICARAGUA TO ITS ESQUIPULAS AND TELA COMMITMENTS:
O STOP ASSISTANCE TO FMLN SUBVERSION;
0 STANDDOWN FROM BORDER MOBILIZATION WHICH THREATENS ITS
NEIGHBORS;
0 REAFFIRM BY ACTIONS, INCLUDING RESTORATION OF
CEASEFIRE, ITS PLEDGE TO FREE, OPEN AND DEMOCRATIC
ELECTIONS; AND
O CREATE THE SAFE AND DEMOCRATIC CONDITIONS WHICH WILL
PERMIT THE VOLUNTARY DEMOBILIZATION AND REPATRIATION OF
THE RESISTANCE.
AS A MEANS OF ASSISTING AND VERIFYING THE FOREGOING, THE
UN OBSERVER GROUP IN CENTRAL AMERICA (ONUCA) SHOULD BE
CALLED UPON TO MONITOR THE NON-USE OF TERRITORY TO ATTACK
OTHER STATES AND THE TERMINATION OF PROHIBITED ASSISTACCE
TO IRREGULAR FORCES IN EL SALVADOR. AS WELL AS IN
NICARAGUA, AND SHOULD BE URGED TO COMMENCE ITS OPERATIONS
AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. THE DEMOCRACIES CAN ALSO URGE A
PRESENCE INSIDE NICARAGUA TO VERIFY CEASE-FIRE AS
DISCUSSED IN RN-GON NEGOTIATIONS.
-- IN THIS CONNECTION, PRESIDENT CRISTIANI SHOULD WORK OUT
WITH HIS CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLEAGUES WHAT THE SUMMIT CAN
DO TO HELP STOP THE VIOLENCE IN EL SALVADOR. THE
DEMOCRACIES MUST WORK TOGETHER WITH CRISTIANI IN
DEVELOPING AND PUSHING THE INITIATIVES FOR THE FMLN TO
DEMOBILIZE AND ENTER INTO THE POLITICAL PROCESS. EVENTS
OF THE PAST WEEKS STRONGLY FAVOR CRISTIANI AND GIVE HIM AN
ADVANTAGE IN PRESSING FOR AN END TO OUTSIDE SUPPORT OF THE
FMLN. THE GOES SHOULD CONSIDER ALL POSSIBILITIES FOR
BRINGING ONUCA TO BEAR IN MONITORING AND DETERRING WEAPONS
FLOW. MORE SPECIFICALLY, HE SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER CALLING
UPON ONUCA TO INVESTIGATE LAST MONTH'S AIRCRAFT CRASHES IN
EL SALVADOR. CRISTIANI MAY ALSO CONSIDER CALLING UPON
ONUCA TO PRESS FOR A GLOBAL AND VERIFIABLE CEASE-FIRE.
THIS WOULD AT LEAST IMPOSE A HEAVY INTERNATIONAL COST UPON
THE FMLN FOR SUBSEQUENT BREAK IN THE CEASE-FIRE.
-- FINALLY, THE DEMOCRACIES SHOULD BE MINDFUL OF RENEWED
EFFORTS BY NICARAGUA TO BROADEN THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE
PROCESS BY BRINGING IN OTHER INTERLOCUTORS, INCLUDING THE
G-8. PAST CENTRAL AMERICAN EXPERIENCE SHOULD LEAD TO A
DEEP SKEPTICISM REGARDING THE USEFULNESS OF SUCH EFFORTS.
-- AS NOTED REFTEL, THE SUMMIT PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO
REFOCUS ON AND REINVIGORATE THE REGIONAL PEACE PROCESS.
THAT OUTCOME WILL DEPEND ON THE DEMOCRACIES RESISTING
FACILE FORMULATIONS; INSISTING ON THEIR OWN AGENDA;
ADVANCING MEASURES TO END CROSS-BORDER INTIMIDATION BY ALL
PARTIES; URGING RESUMPTION OF DIRECT TALKS BETWEEN THE GON
AND THE RESISTANCE, AND PRESSING FOR A STRAIGHT COURSE
TOWARD THE DEMOCRATIZATION COMMITMENTS WHICH THE GON HAS
ASSUMED BEFORE THE WORLD COMMUNITY.
4. PLEASE REPORT RESULTS OF DEMARCHES. AND IN LIGHT
THEREOF WOULD APPRECIATE EMBASSY SAN JOSE ASSESSMENT
WHETHER IT WOULD BE USEFUL FOR DIRECTOR ARA/CEN TO BE
PRESENT DURING SUMMIT. PLEASE ADVISE.
BAKER
BT
#1052
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<TOR>
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5 File
Central America
feace
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
8-Aug-1989 12:58 EDT
UNCLASSIFIED
MEMORANDUM FOR:
David Pacelli
( PACELLI )
FROM:
Jacqueline A. Murphy
(MURPHY)
SUBJECT:
forwarding
PRESS GUIDANCE: Central American Summit Agreement
the Central American presidents yesterday in Tela, Honduras.
We are in the process of analyzing the agreement reached by
There have been some misleading interpretations of the Tela
agreement already reported in the press, such as a fixed deadline
for the demobilizing of the Resistance without reference to the
need to create adequate conditions for their return. It seems to
us that the heart of the agreement for the demobilization,
voluntary character.
repatriation, and relocation of the Nicaraguan Resistance is its
Tela agreement:
It is important to understand correctly the elements of the
--
The Resistance is to be consulted, and have direct talks
with the Sandinistas, so it can participate directly in the
political process inside Nicaragua. The U.S. has long
the Resistance.
called for such direct contacts between the Sandinistas and
Responsibility for the voluntary demobilization,
repatriation or relocation of the Resistance will rest with
within 30 days.
an international verification commission to be established
--
Within 90 days of the commission's creation, the Resistance
will be asked to accept what the commission worked out--in
consultation with all concerned, including the Resistance.
--
The commission is to be responsible for ensuring conditions
of inside Nicaragua which would allow the safety and well-being
humanitarian assistance to those outside Nicaragua.
anyone voluntarily choosing to return, and for overseeing
---
The agreement also contains provisions urging the Salvadoran
guerrillas by name to hold a constructive dialogue with the
Salvadoran Government and calling on the FMLN to forsake
armed struggle.
It once again commits Nicaragua to stop its efforts to
destabilize its neighbors through its aid to radical groups.
I want to emphasize that the United States agrees with the
Resistance must be accepted by them voluntarily and that their
Central American presidents that any actions affecting the
return to Nicaragua must be based on the establishment of safe
and democratic conditions. The essence of democracy is free
scheduled for next February in Nicaragua as essential to the
electoral process. That is why we have focused on the election a
requirement for safe and democratic conditions.
2
established under the Tela plan, and from the Sandinista
It remains to be seen-from the commission that is to be
government--whether those basic conditions are to be fulfilled.
AUGUST 8, 1989
DRAFT
ARA PRESS STATEMENT
CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT
AN
YESTERDAY THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS REACHED AGREEMENT
A
WHICH IS A STRONG REAFFIRMATION OF THE ESQUIPULAS ACCORD, WHICH
TOGETHER WITH THE BIPARTISAN ACCORD, FORMS THE BASIS OF U.S.
POLICY TOWARDS THE REGION. THE TELA AGREEMENT SPECIFICALLY
ENDORSES FIVE ESSENTIAL PROVISIONS OF ESQUIPULAS, WHICH ARE
STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY THE UNITED STATES.
THE TELA AGREEMENT: STRESSES THE NEED FOR CONTINUED
DEMOCRATIZATION BY NICARAGUA; REAFFIRMS THE REQUIRMENT OF
STATES IN THE REGION TO STOP THE USE OF THEIR TERRITORY TO AID
SUBVERSION IN NEIGHBORING STATES, MAKES CLEAR THAT
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE IS A VOLUNTARY
PROCESS WHICH DEPENDS ON NICARAGUAN WILLINGNESS TO CREATE SAFE,
DEMOCRACTIC CONDITIONS FOR THE RETURN OF RESISTANCE FORCES TO
NICARAGUA, ESTABLISHED MECHANISMS FOR INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION
OF THOSE DITIONS INSIDE NICARAGUA; CALLS FOR THE
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE FMLN IN EL SALVADOR AND ITS REINTEGRATION
INTO DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES; AND URGES GOVERNMENTS OUTSIDE THE
REGION TO CEASE PROVIDING MILITARY SUPPORT FOR IRREGULAR
FORCES, SUCH AS THE FMLN.
WE APPLAUD THE EFFORTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTS CENTRAL
AMERICA TO REAFFIRM THESE ESSENTIAL POINTS.
(more)
DRAFT
NOW, WORDS MUST BE FOLLOWED BY ACTIONS BY THOSE WHO
CONTINUE TO VIOLATE THE ESQUIPULAS AGREEMENT IF DEMOCRACY,
SECURITY AND PEACE ARE TO COME TO CENTRAL AMERICA. WE HOPE
THAT THOSE GOVERNMENTS AND GROUPS WHICH HAVE REFUSED TO ABIDE
BY THE COMMITMENTS OF ESQUIPULAS WILL NOW COMPLY WITH THE
SUMMIT MANDATE. SPECIFICALLY, THE UNITED STATES CALLS UPON THE
GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA TO:
-- IMMEDIATELY STOP THE ESCALATING FLOW OF WEAPONS FROM
ITS TERRITORY INTO EL SALVADOR AND SHUT DOWN THE FMLN COMMAND
AND CONTROL AND RADIO FACILITIES NOW LOCATED INSIDE NICARAGUA,
-- IMMEDIATELY END SEARCH AND DESTROY OPERATIONS AGAINST
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE SUPPORTERS AND FAMILIES INSIDE NICARAGUA
AND INSTEAD BEGIN A DIRECT DIALOGUE WITH THE RESISTANCE,
WITHOUT PRECONDITIONS, AIMED AT SETTING THE CONDITIONS THAT
WILL ALLOW THE RESISTANCE TO INTEGRATE VOLUNTARILY WITH
GUARANTEES OF THEIR SECURITY AND DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS,
IN À
TION, THE UNITED STATES CALLS UPON THE SOVIET UNION
TO RESPB THE DESIRE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR A
CESSATION OF THE FLOW OF SOVIET BLOC WEAPONS INTO THE REGION.
DEMOCRATIZATION, DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE CANNOT TAKE THE PLACE OF
DICTATORSHIP, POVERTY AND WAR AS LONG AS SOVIET BLOC WEAPONS
CONTINUE TO REACH MILITARIZED SOCIETIES AND GUERRILLA GROUPS IN
THE REGION. IT IS TIME FOR SOVIET NEW THINKING TO BE REFLECTED
IN NEW POLICIES.
(more)
DRAFT
-3-
FOR ITS PART, THE UNITED STATES PLEDTES TO CONTINUE TO
SUPPORT THE GOALS OF ESQUIPULAS AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION AND
PEACE PROCESS. WE REAFFIRM OUR SUPPORT FOR THE CEASEFIRE NOW
IN EFFECT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUAN AND THE
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE AS WELL AS FOR AN AUTHENTIC PROCESS OF
NATIONAL RECONCILIATION THAT WILL ALLOW THE PEASANT ARMY OF THE
RESISTANCE AND THEIR FAMILIES TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMELAND WITH
GUARANTEED SECURITY AND FREEDOM.
FINALLY, WE CALL UPON THE INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC
COMMUNITY TO CONTINUE ITS SUPPORT FOR THE DEMOCRATIZATION AND
PEACE PROCESS. THE WELCOME FIRST STEPS IN THE ELECTORAL REFORM
AGREED TO BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA AND THE INTERNAL
POLITICAL OPPOSITION REFLECT THE STRONG URGINGS OF THE
DEMOCRATI OMMUNITY. ONLY BY CONTINUING TO IN SIST ON FULL
DEMOCRATE IOM, AN END TO SUBVERSION, AND COMPLIANCE WITH ALL
OTHER PROVISIONSO OF THE ESQUIPULAS AGREEMENT CAN WE REACH OUR
COMMON GOAL OF LASTING DEMOCRACY, SECURITY AND PEACE FOR THE
PEOPLE OF CENTRAL AMERICA.
UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFICATION
CIRCLE ONE BELOW
MODE
PAGES 4
MEDIATE
SECURE FAX #
PRIORITY
DTG 0813512
ALMIN FAX 113
I
ROUTINE
AUG 89
FROM/LOCATION 1. BRAD JACOBS ARA/P
TO/LOCATION/TIME OF RECEIPT
1.
DAVE PACELLI NSC
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
SITU
Blaugh
7.
INFORMATION ADDEES/LOCATION/TIN OF RECEIPT
89 AUGH nto
1.
2.
0813547 BT ROU. My
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS/REMARKS:
UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFICATION
BUREAU OF INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FAX NO. (202) 647-4551
DATE:
8/8/89
FROM:
Bud Jocobs
ARAIP
TO:
Dane Paeelli NSC
PAX 395-5221
NUMBER OF PAGES: 4
(including cover sheet)
REMARKS:
CALL DAVID PACELLE IMMEDIATELY UPON RECEEPT!
395-3860 395- 3860
DRAFT
AUGUST 8, 1989
ARA PRESS STATEMENT
CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT
AN
YESTERDAY THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS REACHED AGREEMENT
1
WHICH IS A STRONG REAFFIRMATION OF THE ESQUIPULAS ACCORD, WHICH
TOGETHER WITH THE BIPARTISAN ACCORD, FORMS THE BASIS OF U.S.
POLICY TOWARDS THE REGION. THE TELA AGREEMENT SPECIFICALLY
ENDORSES FIVE ESSENTIAL PROVISIONS OF ESQUIPULAS, WHICH ARE
STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY THE UNITED STATES.
THE TELA AGREEMENT: STRESSES THE NEED FOR CONTINUED
DEMOCRATIZATION BY NICARAGUA; REAFFIRMS THE REQUIRMENT OF
STATES IN THE REGION TO STOP THE USE OF THEIR TERRITORY TO AID
SUBVERSION IN NEIGHBORING STATES; MAKES CLEAR THAT
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE IS A VOLUNTARY
PROCESS WHICH DEPENDS ON NICARAGUAN WILLINGNESS TO CREATE SAFE,
DEMOCRACTIC CONDITIONS FOR THE RETURN OF RESISTANCE FORCES TO
AND TO Discuss THIS DIRECTLY with THERESATANCE.
NICARAGUA, 1 ESTABLISHED MECHANISMS FOR INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION
OF THOSE CONDITIONS INSIDE NICARAGUA; CALLS FOR THE
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE FMLN IN EL SALVADOR AND ITS REINTEGRATION
INTO DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES; AND URGES GOVERNMENTS OUTSIDE THE
REGION TO CEASE PROVIDING MILITARY SUPPORT FOR IRREGULAR
FORCES, SUCH AS THE FMLN.
WE APPLAUD THE EFFORTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTS CENTRAL
AMERICA TO REAFFIRM THESE ESSENTIAL POINTS
(more)
DRAFT
NOW, WORDS MUST BE FOLLOWED BY ACTIONS BY THOSE WHO
CONTINUE TO VIOLATE THE ESQUIPULAS AGREEMENT IF DEMOCRACY,
SECURITY AND PEACE ARE TO COME TO CENTRAL AMERICA.
WE HOPE
The Sandwinton
THAT THOSE GOVERNMENTS AND GROUPS WHICH HAVE REFUSED TO ABIDE
BY THE COMMITMENTS OF ESQUIPULAS WILL NOW COMPLY WITH THE
SUMMIT MANDATE. SPECIFICALLY, THE UNITED STATES CALLS UPON THE
GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA TO:
-- IMMEDIATELY STOP THE ESCALATING FLOW OF WEAPONS FROM
ITS TERRITORY INTO EL SALVADOR AND SHUT DOWN THE FMLN COMMAND
AND CONTROL AND RADIO FACILITIES NOW LOCATED INSIDE NICARAGUA;
-- IMMEDIATELY END SEARCH AND DESTROY OPERATIONS AGAINST
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE SUPPORTERS AND FAMILIES INSIDE NICARAGUA
AND INSTEAD BEGIN A DIRECT DIALOGUE WITH THE RESISTANCE,
WITHOUT PRECONDITIONS, AIMED AT SETTING THE CONDITIONS THAT
WILL ALLOW THE RESISTANCE TO INTEGRATE VOLUNTARILY WITH
GUARANTEES OF THEIR SECURITY AND DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS,
IN A TION, THE UNITED STATES CALLS UPON THE SOVIET UNION
TO RESPECT THE DESIRE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEOPLE FOR A
CESSATION OF THE FLOW OF SOVIET BLOC WEAPONS INTO THE REGION.
DEMOCRATIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE CANNOT TAKE THE PLACE OF
DICTATORSHIP, POVERTY AND WAR AS LONG AS SOVIET BLOC WEAPONS
CONTINUE TO REACH MILITARIZED SOCIETIES AND GUERRILLA GROUPS IN
THE REGION. IT IS TIME FOR SOVIET NEW THINKING TO BE REFLECTED
IN NEW POLICIES.
(more)
DRAFT
-3-
FOR ITS PART, THE UNITED STATES PLEDTES WILL TO CONTINUE TO
SUPPORT THE GOALS OF ESQUIPULAS AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION AND
PEACE PROCESS. WE REAFFIRM OUR SUPPORT FOR THE CEASEFIRE NOW
IN EFFECT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUAN AND THE
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE AS WELL AS FOR AN AUTHENTIC PROCESS OF
NATIONAL RECONCILIATION THAT WILL ALLOW THE PEASANT ARMY OF THE
RESISTANCE AND THEIR FAMILIES TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMELAND WITH
GUARANTEED SECURITY AND FREEDOM.
ALSO
FINALLY, WE CALL UPON THE INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC
COMMUNITY TO CONTINUE ITS SUPPORT FOR THE DEMOCRATIZATION AND
PEACE PROCESS. THE WELCOME FIRST STEPS IN THE ELECTORAL REFORM
AGREED TO BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA AND THE INTERNAL
POLITICAL OPPOSITION REFLECT THE STRONG URGINGS OF THE
DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY. ONLY BY CONTINUING TO IN SIST ON FULL
DEMOCRATI IOM, AN END TO SUBVERSION, AND COMPLIANCE WITH ALL
OTHER PROVISIONSO OF THE ESQUIPULAS AGREEMENT CAN WE REACH OUR
COMMON GOAL OF LASTING DEMOCRACY, SECURITY AND PEACE FOR THE
PEOPLE OF CENTRAL AMERICA.
05/05/1989 16:26 DIOS PATRIA Y LIBERTAD
305 871 6131
P.02
SEPUBLICA of
tile
DK
Resistencia
TOMERY
CENTRAL
Nicaragüense
CAPeau
Your Excellency
Ariel Rivera Irios
Deputy Foreign Minister
Guatemala
Mr. Deputy Foreign Minister:
As President of the Executive Commission, we request you inform the
following to all other Deputy Foreign Ministers porticipating in the
meeting:
The Niceroguon Resistance is interested in, and has full right to be
informed of the Voluntary Demobilization and Repotriation Project that
you are preparing. To that effect, we request the opportunity to express
our positions regarding the content, phoses and implementation of the
program.
As we recently expressed to each one of the Central American Presidents,
the program is consistent with the democratization process that must
take place in Nicaragua.
The Nicaraguan Resistance has appointed a political-military commission
to discuss these matters with you. whenever you decide to arrange o
meeting with us,
The Nicaraguan Resistance believes it is essential to specify conditions
that must be established in Nicaragua so the voluntary repatriation,
relocation and demobilization itself, may be implemented in Nicorague.
These conditions involve political, economic and security aspects, most
importantly. regarding the safety of all armed rebels and also
guarantees and verification mechanisms, to assure all measures are in
full effect.
We take this opportunity to express our greetings.
FOR THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE DIRECTORATE
Roberto Ferrey
Director
Guatemole, May 5, 1989.
Pacelli
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
2386
April 5, 1989
Nati Sec Advisor
ACTION
has seen
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO Bfa
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI Gfr
SUBJECT:
Introductory Remarks for the President's Meeting
with the Republican Leadership on April 6, 1989
Central America is one of the topics on the agenda for the
President's meeting with the Republican leadership tomorrow. Our
understanding is that the President will only give some opening
remarks and Secretary Baker will carry the ball. Accordingly, we
have provided some brief points to be made.
Lampley concurs.
RECOMMENDATION
That you approve the Hughes to Ciccone memo at Tab I containing
points to be made.
Approve 1D
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I
Hughes memorandum to Ciccone
Tab A Points to Be Made
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
2386
April 5, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES W. CICCONI
FROM:
G. PHILIP HUGHES
SUBJECT:
Introductory Remarks for the President's Meeting
with the Republican Leadership, April 6, 1989
The President is meeting tomorrow morning with the Republican
leadership. Attached at Tab A are points to be made on Central
America to be passed on to Fred McClure.
Attachment
Tab A
Points to be Made
POINTS TO BE MADE FOR MEETING WITH
THE GOP LEADERSHIP ON APRIL 6,1989
-- We have made good progress on our Central American policy
since signing the Bipartisan Accord; domestic and
international reaction has been very favorable.
-- I had a good discussion with Costa Rican President Arias,
who gave his strong support to the approach, as have the
other Central American presidents.
-- I know that some of you have questions about the Bipartisan
Accord, but it is a good agreement with which to pursue our
goals.
-- The bipartisan support is its strength; the Sandinistas pay
attention when we speak with one voice, and they easily
exploit our divisions when we do not.
--
We are going to be tough on the Sandinistas and make sure
that they toe the line on democracy; cosmetic measures are
unacceptable; we are going to being spelling out what we
think they have to do and we'll watch them like a hawk.
-- We are working on a series of incentives and disincentives
that we can apply to give the Sandinistas a little nudge
along the way.
-- One of the advantages of our approach is that we can quickly
get a humanitarian aid package approved, which we need
because otherwise the Contras will run out of food.
-- Other proposals, especially for lethal aid, will not pass;
they will only succeed in undermining our policy and leaving
the Resistance without food.
2
-- I've said many times that we won't abandon the Contras. The
agreement provides for their voluntary return if the
Sandinistas democratize; Arias agrees with me that no one
should force them to go back and the political conditions
must be right.
--
We are going to "give peace a chance," we are going to try
to make this thing work, and I mean that sincerely; but we
have not said that we can never conceive of going back for
military aid if the Sandinistas violate their commitments.
--
I need you to speak out; the Sandinistas need to hear your
voices saying we are not going to settle for anything less
than a genuine democracy.
<DIST>PRT: SIT
SIT: AYERS PACELLI PASTORINO VAX
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> CONFIDENTIAL<OSRI> RUEHSN<DTG> 150607z FEB 89
<ORIG>FM AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC NIACT IMMEDIATE 7016
INFO RUEHGT/AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA IMMEDIATE 4289
RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA IMMEDIATE 2779
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE IMMEDIATE 3577
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA IMMEDIATE 3968
Centul pnem
RUFHOL/AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 0239
RUFHMD/AMEMBASSY MADRID IMMEDIATE 0418
RUEHOT/AMEMBASSY OTTAWA IMMEDIATE 0074
(pace)
RUEHDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE 0335
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: CENAM PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT: FINAL COMMUNIQUE
<TEXT>
e ONFIDENTIAL SECTION 01 OF 03 SAN SALVADOR 02068
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN FROM ROMERO
OPCEN PLS HOLD FOR OOB FEB. 15 THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN: SULLIVAN AND ARA: BUSBY
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, XK
SUBJECT: CENAM PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT: FINAL COMMUNIQUE
REF: SAN SALVADOR
"BEGIN SUMMARY~
1. (C) SUMMARY:
FROM ALL INDICATIONS, COSTA RICA APPEARED TO BE THE
DRIVING FORCE IN THE SUMMIT. ARIAS MANAGED TO
BALANCE THE VARIOUS CONCERNS OF THE OTHER FOUR
PARTICIPANTS TO WEAVE A MUTUALLY AGREEABLE FINAL
DECLARATION. THE SANDINISTAS AVOIDED DIRECT
NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE RN AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A
NEW VERIFICATION PROCESS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH
DEMOCRATIC PROVISIONS OF E-II. THE HONDURANS GOT THE
OTHER FOUR TO AGREE TO "SHARE" THE BURDEN OF THE
CONTRA PRESENCE. THE SALVADORANS DEFLECTED A
POSSIBLE CALL TO POSTPONE THE ELECTIONS AND WON AN
EXPLICIT CALL FOR THE FMLN TO JOIN THE ELECTIONS.
GUATEMALA GOT ENDORSEMENTS FOR ALL THE IRRELEVANT
POINTS IT SOUGHT, IE. ENVIROMENT AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT, REFUGEES, AND THE YEAR OF THE CHILD.
ARIAS, GOT TO KEEP HIS NOBEL PRIZE AND REASSERTED
HIMSELF AS THE DRIVING FORCE IN THE REGIONAL PEACE
PROCESS. END SUMMARY
"END SUMMARY
2. (U) SUMMIT COMMUNIQUE: THE ART OF THE DEAL
WITH THE AID OF GREATER HINDSIGHT EMBASSIES WILL BE
PER By DOS WAIVERSIFIED
ABLE TO BETTER FLESH OUT WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE
CRITICAL PRE-SUMMIT WHICH GAVE US THIS LATEST JOINT
COMMUNIQUE. HOWEVER, ON THE BASIS OF DEPTOFF
NARA, 7/18/24
CONVERSATIONS AT THE SITE AND THE SEVERAL PROPOSED
DRAFTS, IT APPEARS THAT COSTA RICA, WITH THE WILLING
ASSISTANCE OF THE NICARAGUANS AND THE HONDURANS
WORKED TO PRE-COOK THE DELIBERATIONS IN ORDER TO
EXPAND ON THE INITIAL SANDINISTA PROPOSAL MADE TO THE
HONDURANS AT CARACAS.
3. THE COSTA RICANS BROKER THE DEAL
WHEN THE SANDINISTAS FIRST OFFERED TO NEGOTIATE
BILATERALLY WITH THE HONDURANS REGARDING THE
DISPOSITION OF THE RESISTANCE, THE HONDURANS WERE
INTRIGUED AND SOUGHT A MULTILATERAL ESQUIPULAS COVER,
SOMETHING THE COSTA RICANS WERE MORE THAN HAPPY TO
PROVIDE SINCE ARIAS WAS IN NEED OF REACTIVATING E-II
PRIOR TO THE FEBRUARY 27 EC/CENAM MEETING. THE COSTA
RICAN DRAFT COMMUNIQUE THAT WAS CARRIED TO THE SUMMIT
BORE A STRONG RESEMBLANCE TO THE ORIGINAL SANDINISTA
LETTER TO PRESIDENT AZCONA. IT APPEARS THAT IT WAS
THIS DRAFT THAT ARIAS' EMISSARY GUIDO FERNANDEZ
CARRIED TO AZCONA (TEGUCIGALPA 2597). NOTWITHSTANDING
REPEATED PROMISES TO THE SECRETARY AND THE AMBASSADOR
THAT THERE WOULD BE NO SURPRISES, AZCONA WAS INDEED
WILLING TO ACCEPT A DEAL WHICH DID NOT INCLUDE DIRECT
RN/GON NEGOTIATIONS. WHEN DEPTOFF PRESSED FOMIN
LOPEZ' AIDE FLORES BERMUDEZ ON THIS POINT, HE STATED
THAT THE GOH HAS ALWAYS SOUGHT A MULTILATERAL APPROACH
TO THE "PROBLEM OF THE CONTRAS".
4. COSTA RICANS UNVEIL THE AGENDA
THE FIRST DAY OF THE SUMMIT (DESCRIBED SEPTELS) WAS
LARGELY TAKEN UP WITH SALVADORAN FOMIN ACEVEDO AND
NICARAGUAN FOMIN D'ESCOTO ENGAGED IN ACRIMONIOUS
PUBLIC DEBATE ABOUT THE NEED TO VERIFY NICARAGUAN
COMPLIANCE WITH THE SO-CALLED NINE DEMOCRATIC POINTS
CONTAINED IN ESQUIPULAS. WHILE THE SANDINISTAS LOST
THE BATTLE TO LIMIT THE DISCUSSION TO HUMAN RIGHTS
PERFORMANCE AND TO INJECT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE, THEY ESSENTIALLY WON THE WAR BY
REMAINING FIRM IN NOT AGREEING TO SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
CREATING A POLITICAL COMMISSION COMPOSED OF CENTRAL
AMERICANS TO VERIFY COMPLIANCE WITH THE MORE GLOBAL
DEMOCRATIC PROVISIONS OF ESQUIPULAS. WITH THE FIVE
C 0 N F I D ENTIAL SECTION 02 OF 03 SAN SALVADOR 02068
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN FROM ROMERO
OPCEN PLS HOLD FOR 00B FEB. 15 THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN:SULLIVAN AND ARA:BUSBY
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, XK
SUBJECT: CENAM PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT: FINAL COMMUNIQUE
AT A VIRTUAL IMPASSE, THE COSTA RICANS THEN TABLED
THEIR PREPARED COMMUNIQUE. THIS DRAFT CONTAINED
SEVERAL OF THE PROVISIONS THAT FOMIN ACEVEDO HAD BEEN
PUSHING FOR WITHOUT ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF SETTING
UP A VERIFICATION COMMISSION. AS COSTA RICAN FOMIN
MADRIGAL MENTIONED TO AMBASSADOR HINTON LAST WEEK,
THE ARGUMENT WAS IF THE SANDINISTAS AGREED TO TAKE
ALL OF THE MEASURES CONTAINED IN COSTA RICA'S DRAFT
THEN THERE WOULD BE NO NEED TO DISCUSS THE
COMPOSITION, OR FOR THAT MATTER THE CREATION, OF SUCH
A POLITICAL VERIFICATION COMMISSION
5. SOMETHING FOR EVERYBODY
THE SALVADORANS WERE ABLE TO DEFLECT POTENTIAL
PRESSURE TO NEGOTIATE WITH THE FMLN. THE TESORO
BEACH DOCUMENT SIMPLY CALLS FOR ALL SECTORS AND
PARTICULARLY THE INSURRECTIONAL AND IRREGULAR FORCES
(EL SALVADOR IS SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED BY NAME) TO
INCORPORATE THEMSELVES INTO THE CONSTITUTIONAL
POLITICAL PROCESS UNDERWAY IN EACH OF THE COUNTRIES
ON THE ISTHMUS. FOR THEIR PART, THE HONDURANS GAIN
THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE OTHER FOUR THAT THE RESISTANCE
PROBLEM IS A REGIONAL ISSUE THAT REQUIRES
.INTERNATIONAL (CALLING ON THE UN) AND REGIONAL
COOPERATION. THERE ARE NO INDICATIONS AT THIS TIME
THAT THE HONDURANS RECEIVED ANY ASSURANCES THAT
REPATRIATING THE RESISTANCE WOULD LEAD TO A
WITHDRAWAL OF NICARAGUA'S SUIT BROUGHT AGAINST THEM
AT THE ICJ, ALTHOUGH THE HONDURANS MAY HOPE THIS IS
IMPLICIT. THE NICARAGUANS WIN BIG SINCE THEY WILL
FINALLY RELEGATE THE RESISTANCE TO HISTORY AND IN
RETURN ONLY BE REQUIRED TO MAKE A MAKE A HALFHEARTED
SHOW OF MOVEMENT TOWARDS DEMOCRACY. IF PRESSED, THEY
LIKELY FEEL RELATIVELY CONFIDENT THAT THEY WILL BE
ABLE TO RETAIN THEIR VIRTUAL MONOPOLY ON POWER, GIVEN
THE DISARRAY OF THE CIVIC POLITICAL OPPOSITION.
GUATEMALA LOSES NOTHING SINCE THE DOCUMENT DOES NOT
CALL FOR ANY DIRECT NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN GOVERNMENTS
AND THEIR ARMED OPPOSITIONS. THEY ALL SEE THEMSELVES
AS WINNING BECAUSE THEY CALL FOR AID WITH NO
CONDITIONALITY ATTACHED.
6. THE DEBIT SIDE OF THE SANDINISTA LEDGER
FOR THE FIRST TIME THE TESORO DOCUMENT SINGLES THE
GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA OUT BY NAME IN ENUMERATING
THE STEPS THAT IT MUST TAKE TO SATISFY WHAT THE FOUR
MAINTAIN ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY. THE
GON ALSO LOST ITS BID TO KEEP THE DEMOCRACY QUESTION
EXCLUSIVELY FOCUSSED ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND CALLS ON THE
NATIONAL RECONCILIATION COMMISSION TO VERIFY
SANDINISTA COMPLIANCE WITH THE DEMOCRATIC ELEMENTS
CONTAINED IN THE TESORO DOCUMENT. IT ALSO CALL FOR
THE RELEASE OF AT LEAST SOME POLITICAL PRISONERS IN
NICARAGUA AS DEFINED BY THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN
RIGHTS COMMISSION.
7. ON THE MARGINS OF THE SUMMIT
ON THE BASIS OF DEPTOFF TALKS WITH GUIDO FERNANDEZ,
THE FACT THAT THE FINAL COMMUNIQUE CLOSELY RESEMBLED
THE PROPOSED COSTA RICAN PROPOSAL DRAFTED BEFORE THE
SUMMIT AND THE RESPONSE TO THE TAKEN QUESTION BY
PRESIDENT AZCONA THAT THE ISSUE OF NEGOTIATING THE
REPATRIATION OF THE RESISTANCE WAS SET INTO MOTION IN
CARACAS, AT LEAST NICARAGUA, HONDURAS AND COSTA RICA
WERE INDEED PLANNING A SURPRISE AT THE SUMMIT.
FERNANDEZ TOLD DEPTOFF THAT THE CENTRAL AMERICANS
WERE NOT "BANANA REPUBLICS" AND CAN NOT WAIT FOR THE
US TO ARTICULATE ITS POLICY.
CONFIDENTIAL SECTION 03 OF 03 SAN SALVADOR 02068
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN FROM ROMERO
OPCEN PLS HOLD FOR OOB FEB. 15 THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN: SULLIVAN AND ARA: BUSBY
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, XK
SUBJECT: CENAM PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT: FINAL COMMUNIQUE
WALKER
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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
04b. Paper
Re: Ortega's Proposal (1 pp.)
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject File 1989
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
Date Closed:
12/2/2014
OA/ID Number:
CF00195-001
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2015-0017-S
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM Removed as a personal record misfile.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
04c. Paper
Re: Tesoro Accord (1 pp.)
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject File 1989
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
Date Closed:
12/2/2014
OA/ID Number:
CF00195-001
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2015-0017-S
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency I(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
CA
SUBJECT
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
Ø fit
wasn't alvergy
906
February 26, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
FROM:
ROBERT SJ PASTORINO
SUBJECT:
Qs and As on Central American Summit
Please see the attached statement and Qs and As on the Central
American Summit for use by the President. State, including Larry
Eagleburger, has cleared them.
RECOMMENDATION
That you forward these to the President.
Attachment
Tab I - Qs & As on Central American Summit
STATEMENT FOR PRESIDENT'S PRESS CONFERENCE
CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT AGREEMENT
AS YOU ALL KNOW, THE FIVE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS REACHED
AGREEMENT TUESDAY ON NEXT STEPS TO BRING PEACE AND DEMOCRACY TO
THEIR REGION. WE ARE STUDYING THE AGREEMENT, AND LOOK FORWARD TO
DISCUSSIONS ON THE AGREEMENT WITH THE LEADERS OF THE FOUR CENTRAL
AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES IN THE DAYS AND WEEKS AHEAD.
WE HAVE NOTED THE EMPHASIS PLACED IN THE AGREEMENT ON
DEMOCRATIZATION IN NICARAGUA AND AN END TO NICARAGUA'S SUPPORT
FOR SUBVERSION IN THE REGION. THE COMMITMENTS MADE BY THE
NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT IN THIS AGREEMENT APPEAR TO BE IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESQUIPULAS
AGREEMENT, WHICH PROVIDE FOR NATIONAL RECONCILIATION AND FULL
FREEDOMS IN NICARAGUA, INCLUDING COMPLETE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
AND FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS, AND AN END TO SUBVERSION. OF
COURSE, THESE PROMISES HAVE BEEN MADE BEFORE. IT REMAINS TO BE
SEEN WHETHER THE NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT WILL HONOR ITS COMMITMENTS
THIS TIME.
IN THE SPIRIT OF COOPERATION, WE WILL DISCUSS WITH THE FOUR
CENTRAL AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE ACCORD WHICH
ARE NOT YET FULLY DEVELOPED. THE TIMING OF THE VARIOUS
COMMITMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS AND OTHER EXISTING AGREEMENTS AND
HOW THEY RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER WILL BE CRITICAL. AS WE HAVE
OBSERVED ON PAST OCCASIONS, AN ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM MUST BE
DEVELOPED TO ENSURE THAT THE COMMITMENTS AGREED UPON ARE
COMPLETELY FULFILLED WITHIN THE TIMES SCHEDULED.
I SHOULD ALSO POINT OUT MY STRONG BELIEF THAT IN THIS PROCESS THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CANNOT AND WILL NOT ABANDON THE
NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE. I BELIEVE THAT THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE
MUST BE INVOLVED IN NEGOTIATION ABOUT ITS OWN DESTINY AND THAT OF
ITS COUNTRY, AS REQUIRED BY THE EXISTING AGREEMENTS REACHED IN
THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE PROCESS, INCLUDING THE SAPOA
AGREEMENT.
Q. You don't mention one of the agreement's key elements, the
demobilization and repatriation of the contras. What about that?
A. -- AS WE UNDERSTAND IT, THE REFERENCE TO THE NICARAGUAN
RESISTANCE IS AN AGREEMENT TO DEVELOP A PLAN WITHIN NINETY DAYS,
NOT TO DEMOBILIZE AND REPATRIATE THE RESISTANCE WITHIN THAT
PERIOD. OBVIOUSLY, WE WILL WANT TO SEE WHAT THAT PLAN ENTAILS.
THE PROPOSED PLAN APPARENTLY IS TO BE DISCUSSED BY THE CENTRAL
AMERICAN PRESIDENTS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR ASSESSMENT OF
NICARAGUAN COMPLIANCE WITH ITS RENEWED PROMISE OF A FREE AND FAIR
ELECTORAL PROCESS AND A CESSATION OF ITS ONGOING SUPPORT FOR
SUBVERSION IN THE REGION. UNDER EXISTING AGREEMENTS, INCLUDING
SAPOA, BOTH THE SANDINISTAS AND THE RESISTANCE HAVE AGREED THAT
REINTEGRATION SHOULD OCCUR WHEN CONDITIONS EXIST FOR FULL
PARTICIPATION OF ALL NICARAGUANS IN A FREE AND DEMOCRATIC
POLITICAL SYSTEM.
Q. In your statement you seem to insist on direct talks between
the Sandinistas and the Nicaraguan Resistance. Do you?
A. -- WE THINK THAT THE DIFFERENCES AMONG NICARAGUANS MUST BE
RESOLVED BY NICARAGUANS. IN OUR JUDGEMENT, GENUINE NATIONAL
RECONCILIATION WILL REQUIRE DIRECT TALKS AMONG THE INTERNAL
OPPOSITION, THE RESISTANCE AND THE SANDINISTAS. JUST THIS WEEK
THE NICARAGUAN INTERNAL OPPOSITION ASKED FOR SUCH TALKS AND THE
RESISTANCE ENDORSED THE PROPOSAL.
Q - In your budget address to Congress you singled out Nicaragua
by name. You said, and I quote, "We must stand firm for self-
determination and democracy in Central America--including in
Nicaragua." Does this agreement help you achieve your pledge?
A - WE DON'T KNOW YET. THIS AGREEMENT IS VERY VAGUE. THAT IS
WHY WE ARE GOING TO STUDY THIS NEW AGREEMENT VERY CAREFULLY. THE
SANDINISTAS HAVE A RECORD OF MAKING PROMISES AND THEN BREAKING
THEM GOING BACK TEN YEARS TO WHEN THEY FIRST TOOK POWER IN 1979.
WE WILL CONSULT WITH THE CENTRAL AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES TO MAKE
SURE THAT THERE IS FULL IMPLEMENTATION. WE WILL ALSO CONSULT
WITH THE RESISTANCE.
Q - Does the signing of the E1 Salvador communique mean that
Resistance? your Administration will not seek renewed funding for the
A - NO. THERE ARE MANY DETAILS OF THIS AGREEMENT WHICH ARE
UNCLEAR, WHICH NEED TO BE WORKED OUT. IF THE AGREEMENT GOES
FORWARD, AND I HOPE THAT IT DOES, WE WILL NOT KNOW FOR AT LEAST
90 DAYS WHAT KIND OF DEMOBILIZATION AND REPATRIATION PROGRAM
WILL BE DEVELOPED, OR HOW LONG IT WILL TAKE TO IMPLEMENT.
THEREFORE, I WILL ASK THE CONGRESS FOR CONTINUED NON-LETHAL
FUNDING FOR THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE AFTER MARCH 31.
THE SAN SALVADOR AGREEMENT PERMITS THIS.
0 - Does this agreement have sufficient enforcement and
verification mechanisms?
A - THIS IS ANOTHER AREA THAT THE CENTRAL AMERICANS WILL HAVE
TO ADDRESS. THE RESISTANCE, IN THEIR COMPREHENSIVE PEACE
PROPOSAL WHICH WAS PRESENTED TO THE CENTRAL AMERICAN
DEMOCRACIES BEFORE THE SUMMIT MEETING, PREPARED A DETAILED
CALENDAR OF SPECIFIC, RECIPROCAL STEPS LEADING UP TO FREE AND
FAIR ELECTIONS. WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT A SIMILAR MECHANISM
IS CREATED TO MONITOR AND ENFORCE THIS AGREEMENT. WE WILL BE
CONSULTING CLOSELY WITH THE CENTRAL AMERICANS ABOUT THE BEST
WAY TO ACCOMPLISH THIS.
YOU KNOW, ALL THE SANDINISTAS WANT IS THEIR BORDERS
SEALED OFF AND THE RESISTANCE FORCES ELIMINATED. THAT'S ALL
THE VERIFICATION THEY WANT. WELL, WE WANT HONEST AND FAIR
ELECTIONS so THAT THE NICARAGUAN PEOPLE CAN FREELY CHOOSE THE
KIND OF GOVERNMENT THEY WILL HAVE. ELECTIONS WHICH DON'T
INVOLVE INTIMIDATION OF THE OPPOSITION, DISRUPTION OF THEIR
RALLIES, OR HARASSMENT OF SUPPORTERS. WE BELIEVE THAT NO
AGREEMENT WHICH DOES NOT GIVE EQUAL WEIGHT TO VERIFYING
COMPLIANCE WITH DEMOCRATIZATION WILL PROVIDE A DURABLE BASIS
FOR PEACE IN CENTRAL AMERICA.
I - Why do you think that the Sandinistas signed this agreement
now?
A - Ask the Sandinistas.
0 - What about the demobilization and repatriation of the
Resistance forces currently in Honduras. President Azcona of
Honduras says he expects the US to support the agreement. Will
you?
A - PROCEDURES FOR REPATRIATING THE RESISTANCE IS ONE OF THE
AGREEMENT'S GREY AREAS. BUT OF COURSE, YOU DON'T EVEN BEGIN TO
CONSIDER THIS UNTIL YOU SEE HOW THE SANDINISTAS ARE COMPLYING
WITH THEIR PLEDGES TO REVISE THEIR BIASED ELECTORAL LAWS, END
MEDIA CENSORSHIP, AND PERMIT POLITICAL PARTIES TO ORGANIZE AND
CAMPAIGN FREELY.
ALL THAT WAS AGREED TO IN EL SALVADOR WAS TO AGREE TO
MEET AGAIN IN 90 DAYS TO COME UP WITH A PLAN. WHEN WE SEE HOW
THE SANDINISTAS ARE COMPLYING WITH DEMOCRATIZATION, THEN WE
WILL HAVE A BETTER IDEA OF HOW ANY RELOCATION AND
DEMOBILIZATION OF THE RESISTANCE MILITARY FORCES SHOULD PROCEED.
Q - Will the US now engage in direct talks with the Nicaraguans?
A - THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION IN NICARAGUA JUST LAST WEEK
CALLED FOR TRIPARTITE TALKS BETWEEN THE SANDINISTAS, THE
RESISTANCE, AND THE CIVIC OPPOSITION. WE SUPPORT THIS
CONCEPT. THE PROBLEMS OF NICARAGUA MUST ULTIMATELY BE RESOLVED
BY NICARAGUANS. TO TALK OF US-NICARAGUAN TALKS IS PREMATURE AT
THIS POINT. FIRST, THE SANDINISTAS HAVE TO TALK TO THEIR OWN
COUNTRYMEN.
CONFIDENTIAL
PASTORIND
CONFIDENTIAL
NOTED
837
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 15, 1989
INFORMATION
Finishold 1009 FED 15
3.52
Fims
M
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
1
SUBJECT:
Implications of the Agreement Reached at the
San Salvador Summit
The Central American agreement trades promised concessions by the
Sandinistas to democratize--some of which will not be realized
for a year--in exchange for much more rapid movement to
demobilize the Contras. Honduran President Azcona caved in
because he was isolated. Salvadoran President Duarte went along
because he obtained regional endorsement for his position that
the FMLN guerrillas participate in scheduled elections.
Sandinista commitments include the following: reform of the
electoral and media laws; once that is done, a four month period
of "organization" for the political parties; then a six month
period of open political activity, followed by national and
municipal elections no later than February 25, 1990.
Other commitments, without specified deadlines, include:
opposition participation on the electoral council; release of an
unspecified number of political prisoners, using OAS criteria;
equal access for opposition parties to the communications media;
and permission for the media to receive foreign funds. There is
no recognition of the internal opposition's demand for 17
constitutional reforms, including such provisions as separation
of the Sandinista party and the army.
Verification of Sandinista performance will be conducted by
international observers selected by Nicaragua, which must include
UN and OAS representatives. The existing National Reconciliation
Commission will also continue in its functions. Although chaired
by Cardinal Obando, the regime has dominated this committee up to
now. There is no provision for regional review.
The Presidents agreed to elaborate a joint plan within 90 days to
demobilize and repatriate/relocate the Contras and their
families, including a plan for international verification. There
is no provision for further Sandinista talks with the Resistance,
which flies in the face of the Nicaraguan commitment to national
reconciliation under the Esquipulas agreement.
CONFIDENTIAL
DECLASSIFIED
Declassify on: OADR
PER NSC WAIVER, $2021-02
By MC NARA, Date 7/16/21
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
2
The agreement is vague in many respects and lacks details to
implement its provisions. It is not clear as to how some of the
unresolved questions-- such as border monitoring--will be worked
out. It gets the jump on our policy, narrowing some of our
options, and it makes it much more difficult to maintain
diplomatic and economic isolation of the Sandinistas.
We must immediately proceed to define our position on maintaining
the Contras as leverage, including extending humanitarian
assistance. Our security interests are not addressed in the
accord--including ending the Soviet/Cuban presence, reversing the
Sandinista military buildup, and guaranteeing the end of
Sandinista aid to regional leftists--and we must determine how
they can be dealt with. In this more unfavorable political
environment, we must devise a way to maintain a consensus with
the Congress on how to proceed.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
0837
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
February 15, 1989
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
DAr
for
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO
DAP
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI
SUBJECT:
Implications of the Agreement Reached at the
San Salvador Summit
The Central American agreement trades promised concessions by the
Sandinistas to democratize--some of which will not be realized
for a year--in exchange for much more rapid movement to
demobilize the Contras. Honduran President Azcona caved in
because he was isolated. Salvadoran President Duarte went along
because he obtained regional endorsement for his position that
the FMLN guerrillas participate in scheduled elections.
Sandinista commitments include the following: reform of the
electoral and media laws; once that is done, a four month period
of "organization" for the political parties; then a six month
period of open political activity, followed by national and
municipal elections no later than February 25, 1990.
Other commitments, without specified deadlines, include:
opposition participation on the electoral council; release of an
unspecified number of political prisoners, using OAS criteria;
equal access for opposition parties to the communications media;
and permission for the media to receive foreign funds. There is
no recognition of the internal opposition's demand for 17
constitutional reforms, including such provisions as separation
of the Sandinista party and the army.
Verification of Sandinista performance will be conducted by
international observers selected by Nicaragua, which must include
UN and OAS representatives. The existing National Reconciliation
Commission will also continue in its functions. Although chaired
by Cardinal Obando, the regime has dominated this committee up to
now. There is no provision for regional review.
The Presidents agreed to elaborate a joint plan within 90 days to
demobilize and repatriate/relocate the Contras and their
families, including a plan for international verification. There
is no provision for further Sandinista talks with the Resistance,
which flies in the face of the Nicaraguan commitment to national
reconciliation under the Esquipulas agreement.
CONF IDENTIAL
DECLASSIFIED
Declassify on: OADR
PER NSC WAIVER, #2021-02
By MC NARA, Date 7/16/21
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
2
CONFIDENTIAL
Comment: The agreement is vague in many respects and lacks
details to implement its provisions. It is not clear as to how
some of the unresolved questions--such as border monitoring--will
be worked out. It gets the jump on our policy, narrowing some of
our options, and it makes it much more difficult to maintain
diplomatic and economic isolation of the Sandinistas.
We must immediately proceed to define our position on maintaining
the Contras as leverage, including extending humanitarian
assistance. Our security interests are not addressed in the
accord--including ending the Soviet/Cuban presence, reversing the
Sandinista military buildup, and guaranteeing the end of
Sandinista aid to regional leftists--and we must determine how
they can be dealt with. In this more unfavorable political
environment, we must devise a way to maintain a consensus with
the Congress on how to proceed.
CC: Vice President
Virginia Lampley
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
<DIST>SIT: AYERS PACELLI PASTORINO VAX
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED<OSRI> RUEHSN<DTG> 150612Z FEB 89
<ORIG>FM AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC NIACT IMMEDIATE 7019
INFO RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE IMMEDIATE 3580
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA IMMEDIATE 3971
RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA IMMEDIATE 2782
RUEHGT/AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA IMMEDIATE 4292
RHLBAAA/USCINCSO QUARRY HTS PM
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: TEXT OF JOINT PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION
<TEXT>
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SAN SALVADOR 02069
USCINCSO ALSO FOR POLAD YOULE
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN AND S/SE BUSBY
OPCENTER PLS. HOLD FOR OOB FEB 15, THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN SULLIVAN.
E.O. 12356: DECL: NA
TAGS: PREL, ES, XK
SUBJECT: TEXT OF JOINT PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION
1. FOLLOWING IS THE TEXT OF THE JOINT PRESIDENTIAL
DECLARATION ISSUED BY THE CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS
AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE TESORO BEACH SUMMIT.
-
2. BEGIN SPANISH TEXT
DECLARACION CONJUNTA DE LOS PRESIDENTES
CENTROAMERICANOS
LOS PRESIDENTES DE EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS,
NICARAGUA Y COSTA RICA, REUNIDOS EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE
LA PAZ, REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR, LOS DIAS 13 Y 14 DE
FEBRERO DE 1989, ANALIZARON LA SITUACION DEL PROCESO
DE PAZ EN CENTROAMERICA Y ADOPTARON DECISIONES
NECESARIAS PARA SU VIGENCIA, EN EL ENTENDIDO DE QUE
LOS COMPROMISOS ADQUIRIDO DENTRO DEL MARCO DE
ESQUIPULAS II Y LA DECLARACION DE ALJUELA,
CONSTITUYEN UN TODO COMUN E INDIVISIBLE.
LOS PRESIDENTES DE COSTA RICA, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA
Y HONDURAS, CONOCIERON LA DISPOSICION EXPRESADA POR EL
PRESIDENTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE NICARAGUA DANIEL ORTEGA
SAAVEDRA, DE DESARROLLAR UN PROCESO DE DEMOCRATIZACION
Y RECONCILIACION NACIONAL EN SU PAIS, EN EL MARCO DE
LOS ACUERDOS DE ESQUIPULAS II, DE CONFORMIDAD ENTRE
OTRAS CON LAS SIGUIENTES ACCIONES:
-
- UNA VEZ EFECTUADAS LAS REFORMAS A LA LEGISLACION
ELECTORAL Y A LA LEGISLACION QUE REGULA LA EXPRESION
DEL PENSAMIENTO, LA INFORMACION Y EL REGIMEN DE
OPINION PUBLICA, DE MODO TAL QUE SE GARANTICEN LA
ORGANIZACION Y LA ACCION POLITICA DE LOS PARTIDOS EN
SU SENTIDO MAS AMPLIO, SE ABRIRA UN PRIMER PERIODO DE
CUATRO MESES PARA LA PREPARACION, ORGANIZACION Y
MOVILIZACION DE LOS PARTIDOS, Y, ACTO SEGUIDO A SU
VENCIMIENTO UN NUEVO PERIODO DE SEIS MESES DE
ACTIVIDAD POLITICA, AL FINAL DEL CUAL SE CELEBRARAN
LOS COMICIOS PARA PRESIDENTE, VICEPRESIDENTE,
REPRESENTANTES A LA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL, MUNICIPALIDADES
Y PARLAMENTO CENTROAMERICANO. LAS ELECCIONES DEBERAN
REALIZARSE A MAS TARDAR EL 25 DE FEBRERO DE 1990,
SALVO, QUE DE COMUN ACUERDO, EL GOBIERNO Y LOS
PARTIDOS POLITICOS DE OPOSICION DECIDAN QUE SE
EFECTUEN EN OTRA FECHA.
EL GOBIERNO DE NICARAGUA INTEGRARA EL CONSEJO
SUPREMO ELECTORAL CON LA PARTICIPACION EQUILIBRADA DE
REPRESENTANTES DE LOS PARTIDOS POLITICOS DE OPOSICION.
EN ESE SENTIDO, LOS PRESIDENTES HACEN UN LLAMADO A LOS
PARTIDOS POLITICOS DE NICARAGUA A PARTICIPAR EN EL
PROCESO ELECTORAL.
- SE INVITARA A PARTICIPAR A OBSERVADORES
INTERNACIONALES, ESPECIALMENTE A DELEGADOS DE LOS
SECRETARIOS GENERALES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS Y DE LA
lut observers
ORGANIZACION DE LOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS, A HACERSE
PRESENTES EN TODOS LOS DISTRITOS ELECTORALES DURANTE
LAS DOS ETAPAS YA MENCIONADAS, CON EL FIN DE CONSTATAR
LA PUREZA DEL PROCESO.
-
- EL GOBIERNO DE NICARAGUA GARANTIZARA EL LIBRE
FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACION MEDIANTE
LA REVISION Y MODIFICACION DE LA LEY DE MEDIOS, Y EL
ACCESO IGUALITARIO EN HORARIO DE TRANSMISION Y
DURACION, A TODOS LOS PARTIDOS POLITICOS EN LA
TELEVISION Y RADIO DIFUSORAS ESTATALES. EL GOBIERNO
DE NICARAGUA AUTORIZARA A TODOS LOS MEDIOS DE DIFUSION
PARA QUE PUEDAN PROVEERSE EN EL PROPIO PAIS o EN EL
EXTERIOR, SEGUN SE CONVENIENCIA, DE TODOS LOS
MATERIALES, IMPLEMENTOS Y EQUIPOS NECESARIOS PARA EL
CABAL CUMPLIMIENTO DE SUS LABORES.
- DE ACUERDO CON LA PROPUESTA DEL PRESIDENTE DE
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 04 SAN SALVADOR 02069
USCINCSO ALSO FOR POLAD YOULE
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN AND S/SE BUSBY
OPCENTER PLS. HOLD FOR OOB FEB 15, THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN SULLIVAN.
E.O. 12356: DECL: NA
TAGS: PREL, ES, XK
SUBJECT: TEXT OF JOINT PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION
NICARAGUA Y A LA INICIATIVA DEL PRESIDENTE DE
HONDURAS, LOS PRESIDENTES CENTROAMERICANOS SE
COMPROMETEN A ELABORAR, EN UN PLAZO NO MAYOR DE 90
DIAS, UN PLAN CONJUNTO PARA LA DESMOVILIZACION,
REPATRIACION O REUBICACION VOLUNTARIA EN NICARAGUA Y
EN TERCEROS PAISES DE LOS MIEMBROS DE LA RESISTENCIA
NICARAGUENSE Y DE SUS FAMILIARES. CON ESE FIN,
SOLICITARAN ASESORIA TECNICA DE ORGANISMOS
ESPECIALIZADOS DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS.
- CON EL OBJETO DE CONTRIBUIR A CREAR CONDICIONES PARA
LA DESMOVILIZACION, REUBICACION O REPATRIACION
VOLUNTARIAS DE LOS NICARAGUENSES QUE SE HAN
INVOLUCRADO EN ACTIVIDADES ARMADAS DIRECTAS o
INDIRECTAS Y QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN TERRITORIO DE
HONDURAS, EL GOBIERNO DE NICARAGUA HA DECIDIDO
PROCEDER A LA EXCARCELACION DE PRISONEROS, DE
CONFORMIDAD CON LA CLASIFICACION QUE HA HECHO LA
COMISION INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS.
-DICHO PLAN TAMBIEN CONTEMPLARA LA ASISTENCIA PARA LA
DESMOVILIZACION DE TODAS AQUELLAS PERSONAS QUE
ESTUVIERON O ESTAN INVOLUCRADAS EN ACCIONES ARMADAS
EN LOS PAISES DE LA REGION, CUANDO VOLUNTARIAMENTE LO
SOLICITEN.
- PARA CUMPLIR CON LOS COMPROMISOS DE VERIFACION DE
SEGURIDAD, SE ENCARGA A LA COMISION EJECUTIVA QUE
PROMUEVA DE IMMEDIATO LAS REUNIONES TECNICAS
DESTINADAS A ESTABLECER EL MECANISMO MAS APROPIADO Y
EFICIENTE DE ACUERDO CON LAS CONVERSACIONES CELEBRADAS
EN NUEVA YORK CON EL SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LAS
NACIONES UNIDAS.
- LOS PRESIDENTES REAFIRMARON LAS FACULTADES DE LAS
COMISIONES NACIONALES DE RECONCILIACION PARA QUE
Vontical
CONTINUEN EL DESARROLLO DE LAS FUNCIONES ESPECIFICAS
DE VERIFICACION EN LAS AREAS QUE SENALAN EL
PROCEDIMIENTO DE GUATEMALA Y LA DECLARACION DE
ALAJUELA Y QUE INFORMEN PERIODICAMENTE A LA COMISION
EJECUTIVA SOBRE LOS RESULTADOS DE SUS LABORES.
- LOS PRESIDENTES CENTROAMERICANOS REITERARON CON TODA
FIRMEZA LA SOLICITUD CONTENIDA EN EL NUMERAL 5 DEL
ACUERDO DE ESQUIPULAS II PARA QUE LOS GOBIERNOS
REGIONALES Y EXTRAREGIONALES QUE, ABIERTA OR
VELADAMENTE PROPORCIONAN AYUDA A LAS FUERZAS
IRREGULARES O MOVIMIENTOS INSURRECCIONALES EN AL AREA,
CESEN DE IMMEDIATO ESA AYUDA, CON EXCEPCION DE LA
AYUDA HUMANITARIA QUE CONTRIBUYA A LOS FINES DE ESTE
DOCUMENTO.
- LOS PRESIDENTES INSTAN A TODOS LOS SECTORES Y, EN
ESPECIAL A LOS MOVIMIENTOS INSURRECCIONALES Y FUERZAS
IRREGULARES QUE ACTUAN EN EL AREA A QUE SE INCORPOREN
A LOS PROCESOS POLITICOS CONSTITUCIONALES DE CADA
PAIS. EN ESTE SENTIDO FORMULAN UN LLAMAMIENTO A TODOS
LOS SECTORES SALVADORENOS A PARTICIPAR EN LAS
PROXIMAS ELECCIONES.
- LOS PRESIDENTES REITERARON LA IMPORTANCIA QUE TIENE
EL PARLAMENTO CENTROAMERICANO COMO FORO EN EL QUE LOS
PUEBLOS DEL AREA, POR MEDIO DE SUS REPRESENTANTES
ELEGIDOS LIBRE Y DIRECTAMENTE, DISCUTIRAN Y FORMULARAN
RECOMENDACIONES APROPIADAS SOBRE LOS PROBLEMAS
POLITICOS, ECONOMICOS, SOCIALES Y CULTURALES DE
CENTROAMERICA.
- LOS PRESIDENTES HICIERON UN LLAMADO URGENTE A LA
COMUNIDAD INTERNACIONAL PARA QUE APOYE EL PROCESO DE
RECUPERACION SOCIO-ECONOMICA DE LAS NACIONES
CENTROAMERICANAS, TANTO EN EL CORTO COMO EN EL MEDIANO
PLAZO, TOMANDO EN CONSIDERACION LA GRAVEDAD DEL
PROBLEMA DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA Y LA NECESIDAD DE UNA
UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 04 SAN SALVADOR 02069
USCINCSO ALSO FOR POLAD YOULE
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN AND S/SE BUSBY
OPCENTER PLS. HOLD FOR OOB FEB 15, THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN SULLIVAN.
E.O. 12356: DECL: NA
TAGS: PREL, ES, XK
SUBJECT: TEXT OF JOINT PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION
RECUPERACION DE LOS NIVELES DEL COMERCIO
INTRARREGIONAL COMO FACTOR BASICO DEL FORTALECIMIENTO
DEL PROCESO DE INTEGRACION. MUY PARTICULARMENTE
SOLICITARON EL APOYO DE LA COMUNIDAD EUROPEA PARA LA
REALIACION DEL PROGRAMA DE REESTRUCTURACION,
REACTIVACION Y FORTALECIMIENTO DEL PROCESO DE
INTEGRACION ECONOMICA DEL ITSMO CENTROAMERICANO, QUE
FUE OFICIALMENTE PRESENTADO EN GUATEMALA EL PASADO
MES DE ENERO. ASIMISMO, ACOGIERON CON GRAN
BENEPLACITO EL INFORME DE LA COMISION INTERNACIONAL
PARA LA RECUPERACION Y DESARROLLO DE CENTROAMERICA,
EL CUAL CONSTITUYE UN SIGNIFICATIVO APORTE PARA LA
CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA Y LA CREACION DE UN
SISTEMA DE BIENESTAR Y JUSTICIA ECONOMICA Y SOCIAL EN
LA REGION.
- LOS PRESIDENTES QUEDAN COMPROMETIDOS A BUSCAR
PREDOMINANTEMENTE SOLUCIONES DIRECTAMENTE NEGOCIADAS
PARA SUPERAR LOS CONFLICTORS SURGIDOS POR EFECTO DE
LA CRISIS CENTROAMERICANA.
- LOS PRESIDENTES CONVINIERON EN CREAR LA COMISION
CENTROAMERICANA DE AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO, COMO
MECANISMO REGIONAL DE COOPERACION PARA LA UTILIZACION
OPTIMA Y RACIONAL DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES DEL AREA,
EL CONTROL CONTRA LA CONTAMINACION Y EL
RESTABLECIMIENTO DEL EQUILIBRIO ECOLOGICO. LA
COMISION EJECUTIVA, EN SU PROXIMA REUNION, INTEGRARA
LA CITADA COMISION Y LA CONVOCARA DE IMMEDIATO, PARA
QUE ELABORE EL PROYECTO DE CONVENIO QUE REGULE SU
NATURALEZA Y FUNCIONES.
-
- DE IGUAL MANERA, LOS PRESIDENTES OTORGARON SU
DECIDIDO APOYO A LA CELEBRACION DE LA CONFERENCIA
INTERNACIONAL SOBRE REFUGIADOS CENTROAMERICOS
(CIREFCA), EN GUATEMALA, EN MAYO DEL ANO EN CURSO,
PUES SU REALIZACION COADYUVARA POSITIVAMENTE A
ENCONTRAR SOLUCIONES AL FLUJO DE REFUGIADOS Y
DESPLAZADOS AFECTADOS POR LA CRISIS DE LA REGION.
- ACORDARON PROMOVER UN ACUERDO DE COOPERACION
REGIONAL PARA LA ERRADICACION DEL TRAFICO ILEGAL DE
DROGAS. PARA TAL FIN, LA COMISION EJECUTIVA
ELABORARA UN PROYECTO DE ACUERDO QUE DEBERA SER
ENTREGADO A LOS GOBIERNOS AFECTADOS.
- ASIMISMO, EXPRESAN LA VOLUNTAD DE SUS GOBIERNOS DE
APOYAR LA INICIATIVA TENDIENTE A LA FORMULACION DE LA
CONVENCION DE LOS DERECHOS DEL NINO EN EL AMBITO DE
LAS NACIONES UNIDAS.
- LOS PRESIDENTES ACORDARON REUNIRSE, EN FECHA A
FIJARSE ULTERIORMENTE EN LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS.
- LOS PRESIDENTES DE GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA Y
COSTA RICA, AGRADECEN AL PUEBLO Y AL GOBIERNO DE EL
SALVADOR, Y MUY ESPECIALMENTE A SU PRESIDENTE
INGENIERO JOSE NAPOLEON DUARTE, POR LA HOSPITALIDAD
BRINDADA, QUE OFRECIO EL MARCO ADCUADO PARA LA
CELBRACION DE ESTA REUNION.
-
DEPARTAMENTO DE LA PAZ, EL SALVADOR, 14 DE FEBRERO DE
1989.
OSCAR ARIAS SANCHEZ
PRESIDENTE, REPUBLICA DE COSTA RICA
JOSE NAPOLEON DUARTE
PRESIDENTE, REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR
VINICIO CEREZO AREVALO
PRESIDENTE, REPUBLICA DE GUATEMALA
JOSE AZCONA H.
UNCLAS SECTION 04 OF 04 SAN SALVADOR 02069
USCINCSO ALSO FOR POLAD YOULE
FOR ARA/CEN SULLIVAN AND S/SE BUSBY
OPCENTER PLS. HOLD FOR OOB FEB 15, THEN PASS TO
ARA/CEN SULLIVAN.
E.O. 12356: DECL: NA
TAGS: PREL, ES, XK
SUBJECT: TEXT OF JOINT PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION
RESIDENTE, REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS
DANIEL ORTEGA SAAVEDRA
PRESIDENTE, REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA
END TEXT.
WALKER
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
06. Memorandum
To: Distribution list From: David Pacelli
2/9/89
(b)(1)
TS
Re: Prof Note for General Scowcroft (2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject File 1989
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Central American Peace Plan - January 20, 1989-December, 31 1989
Date Closed:
12/2/2014
OA/ID Number:
CF00195-001
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2015-0017-S
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIAJ
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM Removed as a personal record misfile