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Physical Science: General [1 of 8] [1991]
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O
LECTURE-DEMONSTRATION-DISCUSSION
on
"LASER THERAPEUTICS"
FOR "PREGNANCY & BIRTH CONTROL!"
"THE AQUARIAN NUCLEAR AGE
OF
ASTRO-PHSYSICS"
THE ATOMIC NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF THE COSMOS
SOLAR NUCLEAR CIRCADIAN AND
LUNAR BIOLOGICAL TIDAL RHYTHMS!
AND
FOOD/FAT/PROTEIN HAVE NO ELECTRIC ENERGY!
LIFE ON PLANET EARTH WITH
SOLAR NUCLEAR LASER MICROWAVES!
"MOTHER EARTHS NUCLEAR BREEDER REACTOR CORE"
A demonstration of "Mind Dynamics"© and Brain Waves with bio-feedback
equipment, a variable oscilating polarity strobe light, and a rainbow colored plasma
sphere of an electro/static nuclear aura projection,
For All Metabolic Dysfunctions & Pain!
and
A lecture and discussion on the viability of "Laser Nuclear Photon Energy"© for
psychotherapy and psychosomatics.
Monseigneur Friar Benedict
Apostle Thomas Gnostics
887 St. Charles Drive, #16
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
805-497-0666
6-1
CHAPTER 6
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS IN HUMANS
Organisms exposed to ELF electric or magnetic fields may
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
respond with a change in physiological function or behavioral
ctivity. The effects which have been investigated range from
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC
electric field-conditioned behavior in fish to effects on biologi-
cal rhythms in man and include many other effects in man, manmals,
FIELDS OF
birds, amphibians, insects, molds and even bacteria. This diver-
sity in the areas of investigation is complemented by a wide
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY
variety in the form of the fields used in these studies. Both
AC and DC electric and/or magnetic fields are used at field
ALSO PUBLISED BY
strengths which vary from the low values typical of the natural
environment to values so large they can be found only in special-
TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION CENTER
ized laboratory situations.
U.S. DEPT. OF ENERGY 1989
In the first sections we discuss the reports of studies
Asher R. Sheppard, Ph.D.
performed with human subjects.
Merril Elsenbud, Sc.D.
6.1 PERCEPTION OF LOW LEVEL ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Mamer, 1968
Institute of Environmental Medicine
Measurements of small changes in reaction times were used to
New York University Medical Center
demonstrate sensitivity to horizontal electric fields at fre-
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRO/
quencies of 12, 6 and 2 Hz. Twenty-seven subjects were exposed to
4 V/m electric fields created by a pair of vertical metal plates.
MAGNETIC RADIATION 1983
Reaction times were measured by response to a 1 kHz audio
signal. Twenty-four measurements were taken in 11 minutes during
the twice-daily test sessions, which lasted a total 16 minutes
Behavioral alterations have been reported in experiments on
each, because the fields were on for 5 minutes before measurement
several species. In man, the daily biological cycle in body
was begun. The dual sessions were repeated for 15 days, in which
temperature, activity, and urinary electrolyte levels (circadian
no external fields were applied on the first 5 days and, on the
rhythm) was significantly shorter when the subjects were influ-
last 10 days, a 4 V/m field was applied for 16 minutes at one
enced by a small (2.5 V/m), 10 Hz, square wave electric field
frequency and then, after a rest, 16 minutes at another frequency.
(Wever, 1967; 1968; 1974). Data from 10 subjects showed an av-
It was observed that under the influence of the higher of the two
verage change of about 1 hour. The 10 Hz frequency was chosen
frequencies, reaction times were slowed by an average of 1.6'
for its similarity to the brain's alpha rhythm and because it is
millisecond (standard error, 0.6 millisecond). This result
a natural component of the geo-electric field. This careful
was found when either 12 and 6 Hz or 6 and 2 Hz was used as
experiment has not been repeated at higher frequencies or using
the pair of test frequencies. Over the course of the 10-day
a sinusoidal wave. The results for exposure to a DC electric
exposure to the fields, there was a steady 5 millisecond increase
[Delta
in the reaction times. In addition, the data show a sharp,
6 millisecond increase in the reaction time coincident with
energizing the field on Day 6.
Brain Waves negate
The conclusion that reaction times are increased at the higher
Free will! Fain!
frequencies is said to be supported at the 958 level of confidence,
although the data analysis is difficult to follow. On the basis
of this pilot quality study, it appears that human reaction times
may be sensitive to external electric fields in the frequency
RANGE 2-12 HZ AND THAT THERE MAY BE THE ABiLiTY
New York
New York University Press
1977
TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN FREQUENCIES iN THIS
RANGE.
"ALPHAGENICS LASER THERAPEUTICS" (C)
THEORY AND TERMINOLOGY BEHIND THIS NEW PSYCHOTECHNOLOGY
Scientists have learned more about the human brain in the last decade than in all of previous history,
and the implications of the latest research are clear: The human brain is far more powerful, and has
the potential for immensely greater growth and transformation, than ever before imagined. These
discoveries may constitute the most significant development in learning since the invention of writing.
What Are Brain Waves?
The brain produces a variety of simultaneous electrical signals that are called brain waves. The EEG
(Electroencephalogram) is a method of measuring these minute electrical impulses. Brain waves are
measured by their frequency in cycles per second or hertz (HZ). These signals vary in both frequency and
strength (amplitude). It is usually the frequency that tells us most about what is going on in the brain
and many studies have correlated states of mind with certain brain wave frequencies. At any given time
our brains are producing a number of different frequencies ranging from 1 cycle to 30 cycles per second
with a single frequency range being dominant. Scientists have grouped brain waves into four main types
according to their frequency range. They are:
Beta Waves (14-30 Hz.) associated with normal, externally-directed, awake consciousness.
Alpha
Waves
(8-13 Hz.) associated with deep relaxation and daydreaming.
Theta Waves (4-7 Hz.)
accompany vivid imagery, deep meditation and facilitate memory & learning
Delta Waves (1-3 Hz.) produced during deep sleep, profound meditation and in early childhood.
What is Entrainment?
Entrainment is a phenomenon in which powerful rhythmic vibrations from one source will cause less
powerful vibrations from another source to lock in step and "entrain" with the more powerful energy.
Within our bodies, the relationships among our heart rate, respiration and brain waves show aspects of
this entrainment phenomenon. For example, it is possible to slow down our heart rates and brain waves
by slowing our breathing. It is also possible to slow our breathing and heart rates by slowing our brain
waves. The Innervision system entrains your brain by using flashing lights and pulsating sounds as the
source stimulating your senses at a frequency the brain then follows.
What Is Brain Synchronization?
Neurologists have found that the brain hemispheres normally operate in different rhythms and shift
dominance back and forth depending on the task at hand. However, during certain states such as deep
meditation, creativity, and spiritual/religious experiences, the two hemispheres are synchronized or
working in unison. In addition, during synchronization the brain is generally in an alpha or theta wave
state. This is the state in which a person is most receptive to subliminal messages, guided meditation
and hypnosis.
"BIO - FEEDBACK"
What Does All This Mean To You?
Imagine a machine capable of helping you achieve these profound states effortlessly, without drugs or
years of meditation! A technological tool to assist you in your quest for personal excellence. With
Innervision you can:
1. Get in touch with your higher self; Tap into the power of your Inner-Mind; Reach
new depths of Meditation.
2. Increase the effectiveness of any self-improvement tape. Results can come quickly.
You can lose weight, stop smoking or addictive behavior and improve your self image.
3. Enhance your creative visualization, personal imagery, sports performance,
concentration, creativity, learning & memory.
MSGR. FR. BENEDICT - APOSTLE THOMAS GNOSTICS
887 St. Charles Dr. #16, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
(805) 497-0666
"OMNI" magizine Feb. 1991
MIND
Maga In Benedict
Aposhe Thomas Smorties
307 & Charles 2r #16
WHERE BRAIN AND ELECTRONICS MEET
1000 Oaks CA 91360
may arise the ultimate thinking
805-497-0666
machine, the brainstorming computer
A CONCENTRATION OF QUANTUM WAVES / FRB.
(OSCILATIONS)
A
mouse snifts around a
model from experiments aimed at
how the brain seems to operate.
lab late at night. while
understanding epilepsy. At Colum-
Also. data processing in comput-
an exhausted research-
bia University, he and colleagues
ors involves instantaneous elec-
or slumbers over a supercomput-
pieced together 8 model of excit-
trical events with no attereflects.
or terminal. Although neither can
atory connections between cells
"No part of the brain works like
tell us what's going through his
based on a statistical analysis of
that," Traub says. "There are at
mind, both brains are putting out
recordings from a slice of rat hip-
ways attercuments that keep a re-
waves. a quietly reverberating elec-
pocampus-s hot spot of electri-
cord of past events." His network
trical storm that present-day com-
cal activity. Ultimately, they built
incorporates these after-ripples.
puters can't duplicate.
a model of a healthy hippocam-
Traub thinks a paradigm of the
Unless the scientist is Roger
pus. When Traub delivered a sen-
brain's functioning may derive
Traub: His computer might be giv-
sory-type signal to one of his
from studies of chaos Physicists,
ing off waves, too.
for example. can re-
Individual
To Traub's astonish-
duce the turbulence
Rourons seemed
ment. his computer
of airllow over a heli-
to fire at
started doing just
copter blade to math-
rendom. Yet as a
that last year. Traub
ematical values that.
whole, the
devised a program
charted geometri-
neural network
that re-created a
cally. settle into a
pulsed in a
9.900-cell slice of
wobbly but repeated
rhythmic oscilla-
brain circuitry. an an-
orbit. Such a pattern
tion, doing
atomically accurate
is called a strange at-
The Thets Wave."
network. When fed
tractor. The myth-
simulated sensory in-
mic firings of the
put. the brain-slice
hippocampus, Traub
program responded
suggests, may be a
with a series of artifi-
similar manifestation
cial theta waves. "It
of the underlying cha-
was completely spon-
Otic firing of individ-
taneous." remem-
..us! neurons
bers Traub. a neurol-
"N you change the
agist and research let
initial conditions. set
low at IBM's Thomas
up different connec-
J. Watson Research
tions and strengths
Center in Yorktown
of connections." he
Heights. New York.
notes, "the pattern is
For years. comput-
disrupted but you
er scientists in the
still get an oscilla-
neural network field have striven
simulated neurons, the entire net-
tion. And that behavior suggests
to design machines that can
work settled into a low-frequen-
a strange attractor."
think like brains. But no one
cy oscillation. A rhythm swept
A strange attractor could repre-
knows how brains do it. Brain-
around the network; groups of
sent a memory. Traub speculates.
scanning tools only measure the
cells fired in unison, then rested,
and different initial conditions
collective voltage of millions of hr-
almost like stadium spectators do-
could lead the network to settle
ing neurons. Some neurons send
ing "The Wave."
on different memories. "Of
excitatory, others inhibitory mes-
From Traub's models comes a
course it could mean nothing like
sages. Both types are interlaced
picture of a brain for more dynam-
that," he admits. "Maybe if you
in a labyrinth of connections and
ic than suggested by current neu-
wire it up this way. the damn
feedback. Traub's program is a
ral network computers. Comput-
thing just oscillates."
big step toward mapping this elec-
ers work by channeling electrical
Could his research lead to a
trical traffic. It also demonstrates
activity into precise, insulated cur-
new computer architecture?
how far neural network computers
rents. Designers toil to avoid have
When we understand the dynam-
must evolve before they can rep-
ing one transistor generate an
ics of this thing." Traub insists.
licate brain functions.
electrical field that touches off
"maybe we can find uses for L
in the early Expres. Traub as-
spontaneous activity in neighbor-
but not before."
sembled his first computerized
ing transistors. Yet that's exactly
-Gregory T. Pope B
x
OMN
LASERS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AND METABOLIC THERAPEUTICS®
"Molecules are Oscillating Nuclear Electro-Gravitational Particles"
Altered states of consciousness, also called biofeedback, are presently used to change brain
wave patterns from the Beta to the Alpha and Theta. There are many electronic devices presently
being used utilizing both a flashing strobe light and musical sounds. This creates a subliminal feeling
of self-awareness, which in turn can produce hypnotic effects, including the feeling of pain and
emotions, somnambulism, etc.
As laser beams are also a concentrated vortex of atomic radiation, as is the mind's ability to
concentrate to alter brain wave patterns, the laser would be an important instrument in not only
altering brain waves, but by atomic interaction, produce the therapy required as the laser oscillations
could be altered to the desired wave oscillations for psychotherapeutic use. New techniques would
have to be devised as to producing the desired brain wave patterns to alleviate the mental aberration.
Besides brain wave activity, we need the oxygen atoms for the maintenance of life.
When somnabulism occurs, the brain is in a higher state of awareness where the metabolism
is inactive and biological rhythmic oscillations do not interfere with brain activity. This modality is
known as hibernation in animal creatures. In humans, it is somnabulism, where to all appearances,
the physical body with its metabolic saline cell structure is impervious to pain and the sympathetic is
separated from the parasympathetic, creating a feeling of self-awareness and well-being.
Circadian, biological rhythms are a fact of life. The circadian are our daylight solar energy
photon radiation, while our biological rhythms are a lunar tidal energy. Jet lag, of course, is the most
common, as are the female's monthly cycles. The lunar tidal action is also one of the most important
functions for procreation, the full moon being the most important. Creatures also have brain wave
patterns and respond to the same circadian rhythms for navigation, herd and schooling instincts, as
well as all migrations..
Laser surgery for tumors, epilepsy, dyslexia, blood clots, neurons altered, etc., will usher in a
new era for brain surgery without the use of opening the skull. As we know, the brain itself has no
feelings until the brain waves return to the conscious Beta, therefore, this could be used in place of
anesthesiology, as the EEG would be the proper indicator to brain wave activity.
Laser Metabolic Therapeutics will establish entirely new modalities for the treatment of the
cancerous molecular substructures, leukemia, AIDS, viruses, dieases, drug addiction, nervous
disorders, epileptic seizures, habits - all can be halted or healed. The heart itself is regulated by our
brain waves; no brain waves, no heartbeat. Once atomic nuclear laser energy is accepted as a
healing, rather than a death-dealing energy, humanity will be well on the way to improved mental and All
physical health, as well as for all environmental concerns, including electro-magnetic readiation. and
molecular atomic substructures can be altered with laser technology for hormone therapy
population control. The philosophical/cosmologica atomic doctrines of the early Greeks, mind
Luecippus/Democritus, the Chinese Ying/Yang, the dualistic Gnostics were all delving into the
(soul) and matter, others to scientific search for the last Big Bang particle!
As my hypothesis must be validated by laser as well as computers, EEG equipment,
cyclotrons, nuclear accelerators, I feel confident that in the very near future the equipment, will be laboratory, for
psychological and medical discoveries in the future. As this is a mere scratching of Nuclear
personnel will be made available in a University that can fund the proposal, which the surface greater of
nuclear kinetic oscillations in the brain structure, as well as the metabolic homeostasis.
atomic energy creates as well as destroys!
A vortex form of atomic nuclear energy that creates a point of concentration. A crystal of
synthetic ruby is used to activate the photons and ions into any energetic concentrated form of
radiation. This kinetic electro-gravitation particle oscillation creates a beam of energy in both the
visible and infra-red regions. Gas being the best transmitter of helium and neon subatomic particle
oscillation which then can be used at many different frequencies, which develops a rapid frequency
adjustment of pulses which is used in industry as well as surgery, healing of body tissues. The
molecular structures then are changed for either healing or destroying. The charges acting upon
similar charges of the object focused on creating and destroying as does ultra sound frequencies.
The same phenomenon as the concentration of the human mind. Computers are the sophisticated
dot/dash of the Morse Code, but do not have the metabolic biological clock!
The cyclonic, hurricane, tsunami, water spouts, vortexes building up tremendous volumes of
gravitational kinetic energies flowing in either a clockwise or counter clockwise rotation. The
magnifying glass is also a vortex producing nuclear energy source. At the equator the polarity
switches as to pole position, this is also a phenomenon of pole reorientation, constantly moving its
magnetic field source. The planet Earth is a huge bar magnet with polarities meeting at the equator
where they separate into the two hemispheric movements of wind and water. The earth's crust is also
constantly moving due to its Solar core activity of vortex oscillations. Solar energies from the Sun as
well as the core of planet Earth both contribute to the vortex phenomenon.
The brain with its atomic substructure of concentrated nuclear energy works on the same
principle of vortex kinetic oscillating energies and is therefore amendable to laser as well as radiation
and oscillating ultra-sound vibrations. A change in the molecular cell structure for brain surgery as to
tumors, blood clotting, the disintegration of diseased neurons as well as the psychotherapy of the
brain waves themselves for mental disorders, epilepsy, schizoid, mental derangement. emotional
distress as to the activity of photon ion disorganization, electric photon kinetic energies meeting with
the ionic saline solutions of the neuron can be altered with the flow of electromagnetic/gravitation
kinetic oscillations, which flow in both directions, a condition of polarity that is inherent in the
metabolism for equilibrium, metamorphoses of cell structures homeostasis in all animal species.
The ear canal with its rotation of fluid over sensory hairs forming loops at right angles which
keeps us upright and in equilibrium with our homeostasis can also be a laser development as also
the molecular structure of the larynx musculature for voice as well as goiter treatment. The nasal
cavity, the oral cavity as well as the lung aveoli for oxygen increase with the blood plasma. All can be
investigated or altered as cell membranes, molecules are composed of atoms and their sub atomic
electro gravitational oscillations of vortex activity which can be treated with its own kinetic energies.
The Chinese and the Hindu, Buddhist Egyptians explored the metabolic points of healing with herbs a
natural mineral earthy product with Solar radiation, though they did not have the laser technology.
We already have eye ailments and surgery as well as foot disorders, cell tissues altered or
removed at the present time. We use the laser for all types of cutting, shearing, melting, changing the
atomic structures of metals, rocks, exact measurements beyond the human eyesight a beam of
nuclear energy for transmission of communication is a concentrated vortex oscillating activity.
Creatures, animals, insects all before humanoids have used ultra-sound oscillations for navigation
finding mates, breeding, food, water by their inborn instincts to find and locate the source of their
continous sources of survival. All are earth bound made of the same earthy material as are
humanoids, using the same lava, crusts oceans saline mineral solutions. Most of which have been
lost with the development of the two hemisphere brain.
Even locomotion of creatures and humanoids have kinetic energy, in emergencies
extraordinary speed strength decision making, all depend on the nuclear substructure for
instantaneous movement. This is available at all times and all places as it is the electro/gravitation
celestial solar and earth's core particle oscillations. Nuclear energy for instantaneous use by all living
molecular structures. "Faith in the healing is of primary importance!"
c
YOUR MIND DYNAMICS
CASNiC Collective Unconscious MIND SUBLIMINAL
QUANTUM
mecho Magnetic
Particle wores
Alpha
1
Porturbations
STATE
Imagination
They
montal abreadions
AM
Delhi
DREAM
waves
STATE
OSCILATIONS
PSYCHIC
SPERIT
Concental
PEAK
VORTEXES
Phy sical
EXPERTENCE
Reality
CREWS
Distortion
TX
CORiOLiS FORCE
MILL
vorte
alise Wisher
1991
C
"HENTOLOGY"
Mage K Banks
MENTAL DYNAMICS
Apoute Thomas Smither
"The Cosmological Atomic Particle Connection"
OSCILATIONS
Chales of 147 & 72
www Oak CoA gusdo
The effortiens mystical spiritual at-one-ment (peak
805-497-0666
experience) comes when all electro/magnetic atomic particles
VORTEXES
of the brain neurona (cella) are In harmonium singularity.
All becomes (One). and the experience changes the personality
⑉ well as the mode of 11101
CORIOLIS ENERGY
Mone Berger 1929
Drain waves H.E.O.
Substomic electro mdgnatic particles the primary
Eloctrogencophalogruph
Dource of electric energy to create the synapia
Richard Caton 1960
and all poychic mentality.
Bie-foodback, became
"ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
30-12 C,D,B,
psychological modalit
17-Hc,p.m,
U-S C.P.O.
for hynotic Induct
Reality
Distertion
meditation, Imaging etc
Perception
Date
I first developed
Alpha
sintler
with
moves
draving in 1967-68.
waves
payed
Potte (Game)
(Photos)?
SPIRITUAL
This
is on up date on
ILLUMINATION
dravings
SINCULARITY
Inklaht
Commie Psychic
релк REPERIENCE
Concentration
attention
(Circle of VIIIID?)
Flow of lyychle phenomenon.
All unergles come from the
QUANTUM VORTEX
Contos Igt life on/the planet
By concentrating on . retating object and then quickly looking at another
earth! Miere else can we receiv
object, one finds that the object is distorted. The upln and rotation
this electric endray located in
of stowic paticles energies, ... is any whirling motion of the body
the brain Lavent
(Whirling Dervish), or by standing on one's head for a period of time,
the electro/mognotic particles (ByBoBcopeB) some at almost the speed of
light, are temporarily upset as to direction of opin and can create
mental Illness or a feeling of euphoria. Time distortion, gravitational
and graviten force/energy upsets the spinning electro/magnetic particles
entering the poychic mental broin neuronal All mental neurons вупорвев
and the varlous brain wave patterna have blo-alectric/magnetic energieu
Maga K Bonks
that are polarized into dream-idea-Insight-thoughit phenomenon!
Aponts Thomas Grostles
887 d Charles Dr #x
mga Oaka Col gigdo
803.497 uses
mag Blessings Benedict
Msgr. F. Benedict
Apostle Thomas Grostics
887 St. Charles Dr. #16
1000 Oaks, CA 91360
805-497-0666
The Power Of Prayer
The day was long, the burden I had
borne
Seemed heavier than I could longer
bear,
And then it lifted-but I did not
know
Some one had knelt in prayer;
Had taken me to God that very hour,
And asked the easing of the load, and
He,
In infinite down compassion, had stooped
And taken it from me.
We cannot tell how often as we pray
For some bewildered one, hurt and
distressed,
The answer comes, but many times
those hearts
Find sudden peace and rest.
Some one had prayed, and Faith, a
reaching hand,
Took hold of God, and brought Him
down that day!
So many, many hearts have need of
prayer:
Oh, let us pray!
VC 109
Litho in Italy
Bush Library Photocopy
PLS VOTE "YES"ON LAW OF GRAVITY!
U.S. IS AN ORIE/S/TO 1875 TREATY OF METER
VOL. 117 NO. 4 C T. 1991
Verb "to weigh" is "to measure Wt". Wt is a FORCE, In
1852
ASCE
order to weigh a force-measuring device (poundals or
many intelligent, friendly people who can assist in Ms education until New-
Dr.Bromby
ISSI
3928
newtons) is needed. Very few exist. Verb "to mass" is
tonese printed material is made available.
CODE
needed. Mass (Ms) should be measured. Ms is measured,
We have a situation similar to the national debt. The longer action is not
EPE3
but this is called, "Wt". Not True. Gov't and scale migrs
taken the more it will cost future generations. We cannot affort not to change
PLS HELP END gote
from SS to NS. It should be announced before summer begins so a metric
lie to the public. TRUTH: "Net Ms". We buy by Ms, not Wt.
Rose Bowl can be planned for next January 1. The ASCE Board of Directors
now has the ball on the 50-meter line. First down. Ten meters to go. It will
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017-2398
345 East 47th Street
UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER
of Civil Engineers
American Society
of INCOMPETENT NET
At P.O and market Wt is force you feel, but Ms is measured.
Comite Intl Olympique now in 90th year of non-compliance
be exiting to attend the Masslifting (Fortius) events (in ein-units) at Bar-
OF EXEC BRANCH, OF
celona in 1492-plus-500. Vote for, and listen to, Newtonese speakers. If the
-RCB
United States can now conform to the 1901 Treaty (of Meter-Paris) Agree-
FED, GOVT / GOUT
ment on the only legal definitions of "Ms" and "Wt" then we can be proud
MUST BE TRUTHFUL!
NOTE CHANGE! LANGUAGE
SI CONVERSION
to be Americans. This will enhance world peace. There is much civil en-
gineering to do.
Journa Dith of
Discussion by Richard Carl Gerke,2 Life Member, ASCE
Welt. Delenda sunt kilogamum et poundum. Vive l'ein. Ich bin ein Berliner. Ein
This paper would have been more helpful if the author had done a lit-
My discussion of "Metrication and the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers" (Gerke 1987) contained printing errors in addition to those corrected
erature search before publishing. "SI" Metric was proven unsafe nine years
in the Errata published in January 1988 (Gerke 1988). "Refinement of Yard
ago (Gerke 1982). The Los Angeles ("Olympic Games") Section, ASCE,
and Pound" in Federal Register of July 1, 1959 attempted to shorten the
ad hoc Metric Committee agreed in their report dated September 29, 1982.
foot (ft) by bureaucratic action. One man, two feet? The 1959 foot ("Ike's
Professio nal
As one of the Jolly Good Fellows of ASCE this writer apologizes to this
other foot") is the "I ft." The ft is greater than the I ft. To say that "one
author for ASCE's lack of perfect change management. The changeover
foot equals exactly 0.3048 meters" is not true. In the mid-1980's we heard
from unsafe Sterling Standard (SS) to safe Newton Standard (NS) ("NS
that at least one federal agency is publishing maps in which the I ft is called
Metric") could (and should) have taken place before the XXIV Summer
confusion. a "foot." We cannot have it three ways. Publishing "meters only" avoids
Olympiad (Korea 1988) (ASCE's boycott of these games would have been
unnecessary). Safety must be first. Our clients, the living things in the solar
To convert "pounds" to safe NS Metric multiply them by 222 (2 to
system, demand safety first.
the 2,3, and 1 power). If the pounds are mass (LB or LBM) ("Quantity of
Sierra Madre CA
esodyjew 209
Richard Gerke
Iss es
A summary was published four years ago (Gerke 1987). The original
matter") then you now have ein (E) units. If the pounds are force (LBF)
164397-0000 01
author of that paper declined to submit a closure [see also Gerke (1988)].
or weight (LBWT) ("Force acting on a mass") you now have Newtons
in Engineer ing
What the author calls "Metric System" is French Colonial (FC) Metric.
("newt") (N). The erroneous "pounds per square inch" usually means
It, like the U.S. customary Sterling Standard (SS), is a bastard system.
"pounds-force per square inch." All pounds (16 oz and 12 oz) are not the
These systems have no legitimate father. They do not obey Newton's Laws
(which, as each disaster demonstrates, are strictly enforced). To obey Atomic
9.806 650 E mass one kilogram (kg); One E weighs one N; "One Albert
same. All ounces are not the same: 4.448 222 E mass one 16-oz LB (avdp);
Law (energy equals mass [Ms] times c [speed of light] squared) also, like
Einstein weighs one Isaac Newton! This writer has sent information to the
Comité International Olympique at Lausanne, Switzerland since 1982.
Ave
Educat on
the Law of Gravity (Weight [Wt] equals Ms times g] and like Newton's
breakthrough (force equals Ms times acceleration) it is necessary to know
Hopefully, the printed program for the 1992 XXV Summer Olympiad at
Gerke
Barcelona, Spain will call Masslifting "Masslifting" and will be shown in
what Ms is. Ms is what Babelese (both Ms and Wt are called "Wt") speakers
safe ein (E) units. In this event the ASCE boycott of the Olympics should
and printed materials call "Wt" 99.99% of the time. Ms/Wt intelligence was
be released and members encouraged to celebrate 500 years of Christian
given to mankind through the publication of Newton's Principia (1687). The
and Prac ce
on-time arrival of Comet Halley on Christmas Day 1758 proved Newton's
civilization in the Western WT Hemisphere at this exiting Spanish port.
91024
Laws. This made a change from Babelese to Newtonese (the Language of
APPENDIX. REFFERENCES on Earth (newtons)
@ std g
32.17 POUNDALS
Truth, Safety, and Leadership) necessary if we are to progress onward and
upward. Three decades later the Constitution of the United States called
Gerke, 108(4). R. C. (1982). "Delenda Est Kilogram J. Profl. Issues Engrg. ASCE
PI9104
ON MOON
Masses and Measures "Weights" and Measures (Art I, Sec 8). This one-
CHALLENGER REVISION To CONST.
word flaw has given planet earth over 200 years of "WtGate" with authority-
Gerke, R. C. (1987). Discussion of "Metrication and the American Society of Civil
Ms SAME; ST
Engineers. J. Profl. Issues Engrg., ASCE, 113(3).
figures being a party to doing murder by bearing false witness that Ms is
Gerke, R. C. (1988). Errata to Discussion of "Metrication and the American Society
DOCTORS LIE
"Wt." Words can kill. Babelese impairs education and causes confusion.
of Civil Engineers. J. Profl. Issues Engrg., ASCE, 114(1), 115-116.
Nothing is ever "weighed" in a balance. The unsafe W-words ("Wt" and
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL EN
"to weigh") are 99.99% unsafe. Hopefully, the medical profession will help
the engineering profession prevent disasters with the tools we need: safe
1E
IF YOU CAN SEE IT, IT IS A Ms
NOT TRUE!
words and safe units of Masses and Measures. The U.S. Postal Service has
WT IS A FORCE WHICH CAN NEVER
MY CA DRIVERS'
"January, 1990, Vol. 116, No. 1, by T.J. Pilecki (Paper 24235).
²Junior Partner, Newton, Pascal, Einstein, & Gerke, Consulting Civ. Engrs., CDR
PROFESSIONAL A( TIVITIES
1N
BE SEEN, LIFTED, NOR LAID ASIDE"
LIC. CALLS
Foundation, Sierra Madre, CA 91024-2204.
Ms, "WT"!
TRUTH HOTLINE TEL
(818)355-0174
(HEB.12:1)
EDUCATION ACTIV TIES
A/C TRUTH "Won" (1) VICTORY! 414
DICTIONARIES ARE
415 TRUTHFUL BIBLES NEEDED!
FORCE Msx ACCELERATION-
MS47CE Calterh
WRONG!
here classes [Whender
he
35
&
RICHARD CARL GERKE, F.ASCE
CDR FOUNDATION
BOYCOTT OLYMPICS
USA
PM NENG CA
IN
DOCTORS LIE
Ms 7 LBS
MASSLIFTING
THANK YOU
DON'T 1/6 moon
poundals
BODY MASS ISN'T WT.
UNSAFE!
1
LB
a fat person is over mass!
WEIGHS 32:17 PDL
1 KG
" 9.806 650 N
BEGISTER PROFESSIONAL No. Exp. '92-12-31 C-8385 GERKE ENGINEER
'NET WT' IS GOV:T LIE.
1 E(ein) " 1 N!: SAFEST
*
*
4.448 222 E MASS 16 OZ
TROTH: "Net Ms"
STATE OF CIVIL CALIFORNIA
TRUTHHOT LINE (818) 5-017*
POSTAL WORKER!
MERCURY MARINER 10
Bush Library Photocopy
you WI lie is to FORCE your pustomers! you FEEL LET'S STOP KILLING ASTRONAVIS! NASA 91109
MASS (Ms is WHAT You MEASURE
Ms < 10z
on scale or massmeter
WE Do NOT WEIGH. WE MASS!
to call!
Feel free
LAW OF GRAVITY
US.MUSTREP US. wimps"
Dr D. allan Bromlay
WT = Msxg
SAY "MASS, NOT "WT"!
"No SOLUTION!
Dir Office of Science Techning
Old EOB -#358
NEWTON'S LAWS ARE
20506
Ms
STRICTLY ENFORCED.
BUY BY E (EIN)
THANK TOP
Dr. Bromby- - 25 Jan
d look forward to
your Keynote address
on Feb 6th,
- Deih Darke
Ride RTD Once A Week
RTD
PLS VOTE "YES"ON LAW OF GRAVITY!
US is AN ORIE 1875 TREATY OF METER
Verb "to weigh" is "to measure Wt". Wt 1s a FORCE, In
VOL. 117 NO. 4 OCT. 1991
order to weigh a force-measuring device (poundals or
many intelligent, friendly people who can assist in Ms education until New-
1852
ASCE
allow
ISSN 1052-3928
newtons) is needed. Very few exist. Verb "to mass" 16
tonese printed material is made available.
We have a situation similar to the national debt. The longer action is not
CODEN: JPEPE3
needed. Mass (Ms) should be measured. Ms is measured,
taken the more it will cost future generations. We cannot affort not to change
but this is called, "Wt". Not True. Gov't and scale migrs
from SS to NS. It should be announced before summer begins so a metric
PLS HELP END 90 YEARS
lie to the public. TRUTH: "Net Ms". We buy by Ms, not Wt.
Rose Bowl can be planned for next January 1. The ASCE Board of Directors
At P.O and market Wt is force you feel, but Ms is measured.
now has the ball on the 50-meter line. First down. Ten meters to go. It will
be exiting to attend the Masslifting (Fortius) events (in ein-units) at Bar-
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017-2398
345 East 47th Street
UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER
of Civil Engineers
American Society
of INCOMPETENT MGT
OF EXEC BRANCH OF
Comite Intl Olympique now in 90th year of non-compliance
celona in 1492-plus-500. Vote for, and listen to, Newtonese speakers. If the
-RCK
United States can now conform to the 1901 Treaty (of Meter-Paris) Agree-
FED, GOVT / GOUT
ment on the only legal definitions of "Ms" and "Wt" then we can be proud
MUST TRUTHFUL!
SI CONVERSION
to be Americans. This will enhance world peace. There is much civil en-
Dech -RC&
UNSAFE!
gineering to do.
Delenda sunt kilogamum et poundum. Vive l'ein. Ich bin ein Berliner. Ein
Discussion by Richard Carl Gerke,2 Life Member, ASCE
Welt.
Journal of
My discussion of "Metrication and the American Society of Civil Engi-
This paper would have been more helpful if the author had done a lit-
neers" (Gerke 1987) contained printing errors in addition to those corrected
erature search before publishing. "SI" Metric was proven unsafe nine years
in the Errata published in January 1988 (Gerke 1988). "Refinement of Yard
ago (Gerke 1982). The Los Angeles ("Olympic Games") Section, ASCE,
and Pound" in Federal Register of July 1, 1959 attempted to shorten the
ad hoc Metric Committee agreed in their report dated September 29, 1982.
foot (ft) by bureaucratic action. One man, two feet? The 1959 foot ("Ike's
other foot") is the "Ift." The ft is greater than the I ft. To say that "one
Professional
As one of the Jolly Good Fellows of ASCE this writer apologizes to this
author for ASCE's lack of perfect change management. The changeover
foot equals exactly 0.3048 meters" is not true. In the mid-1980's we heard
from unsafe Sterling Standard (SS) to safe Newton Standard (NS) ("NS
that at least one federal agency is publishing maps in which the I ft is called
Metric") could (and should) have taken place before the XXIV Summer
unnecessary). Safety must be first. Our clients. the living things in the solar
system, demand safety first.
Sierra Madre CA
164397-0000 01
NOTE REQ'D CHANGE! LANGUAGE
confusion. a "foot." We cannot have it three ways. Publishing "meters only" avoids
Olympiad (Korea 1988) (ASCE's boycott of these games would have been
the 2,3, and 1 power). If the pounds are mass (LB or LBM) ("Quantity of
602 Mariposa Ave
Richard Gerke
Issues
To convert "pounds" to safe NS Metric multiply them by (2 to
A summary was published four years ago (Gerke 1987). The original
matter") then you now have ein (E) units. If the pounds are force (LBF)
Newt-Pa-Ein Gerke
author of that paper declined to submit a closure [see also Gerke (1988)].
or weight (LRWT) ("Force acting on a mass") you now have Newtons
("newt") (N). The erroneous "pounds per square inch" usually means
in Engineering
What the author calls "Metric System" is French Colonial (FC) Metric.
It, like the U.S. customary Sterling Standard (SS), is a bastard system.
"pounds-force per square inch." All pounds (16 oz and 12 oz) are not the
These systems have no legitimate father. They do not obey Newton's Laws
same. All ounces are not the same: 4.448 222 E mass one 16-oz LB (avdp);
9.806 650 E mass one kilogram (kg); One E weighs one N; "One Albert
(which, as each disaster demonstrates, are strictly enforced). To obey Atomic
Einstein weighs one Isaac Newton! This writer has sent information to the
Law (energy equals mass [Ms] times c [speed of light] squared) also, like
Comité International Olympique at Lausanne, Switzerland since 1982.
Education
the Law of Gravity (Weight [Wt] equals Ms times g] and like Newton's
Hopefully, the printed program for the 1992 XXV Summer Olympiad at
breakthrough (force equals Ms times acceleration) it is necessary to know
Barcelona, Spain will call Masslifting "Masslifting" and will be shown in
what Ms is. Ms is what Babelese (both Ms and Wt are called "Wt") speakers
safe ein (E) units. In this event the ASCE boycott of the Olympics should
and printed materials call "Wt" 99.99% of the time. Ms/Wt intelligence was
be released and members encouraged to celebrate 500 years of Christian
given to mankind through the publication of Newton's Principia (1687). The
civilization in the Western Hemisphere at this exiting Spanish port.
and Practice
on-time arrival of Comet Halley on Christmas Day 1758 proved Newton's
WT @ std
91024
APPENDIX. REFFERENCES
32.17 POUNDALS
Laws. This made a change from Babelese to Newtonese (the Language of
Truth, Safety, and Leadership) necessary if we are to progress onward and
on
Earth
(newtons)
upward. Three decades later the Constitution of the United States called
Gerke, 108(4). R. C. (1982). "Delenda Est Kilogram. J. Profl. Issues Engrg. ASCE,
PI9104
ON MUCH
Masses and Measures "Weights" and Measures (Art I, Sec 8). This one-
HALLENGER REVISION'T CONST.
Gerke. R. C. (1987). Discussion of "Metrication and the American Society of Civil
Ms SAME; STILL FAT!
word flaw has given planet earth over 200 years of "WtGate" with authority-
Engineers.' J. Profl. issues Engrg., ASCE, 113(3).
figures being a party to doing murder by bearing false witness that Ms is
Gerke, R. C. (1988). Errata to Discussion of "Metrication and the American Society
DOCTORS LIE
"Wt." Words can kill. Babelese impairs education and causes confusion.
of Civil Engineers. J. Profl. Issues Engrg., ASCE, 114(1), 115-116.
Nothing is ever "weighed" in a balance. The unsafe W-words ("Wt" and
AMERICAN SOCIET Y OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
"to weigh") are 99.99% unsafe. Hopefully, the medical profession will help
the engineering profession prevent disasters with the tools we need: safe
1E
IF YOU CAN SEE IT, IT IS A
NOT TRUE!
words and safe units of Masses and Measures. The U.S. Postal Service has
WT IS A FORCE WHICH CAN NEVER
MY CA DRIVERS'
"January, 1990, Vol. 116, No. 1, by T. J. Pilecki (Paper 24235).
Junior Partner, Newton, Pascal, Einstein, & Gerke, Consulting Civ. Engrs., CDR
1N
BE SEEN, LIFTED, NOR LAID ASIDE"
LIC. CALLS
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Foundation, Sierra Madre, CA 91024-2204.
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
TRUTH A/C TRUTH HOTCINE "Won" VICTORY! 414 TEL (818)355-0174 R.C.Larke
(HEB.12:1)
Ms, 'Wt"!
DICTIONARIES
ARE
415 TRUTHFUL BIBLES NEEDED!
FORCE Ms ACCELERATION- EQ!
WRONG!
BE QAKE AWARE!
(1)
MS47CE Caltech
milo
side
.
visits SioM
TRUTH HOTLINE (818)355-0174
POSTAL WORKER!
OCT 1'91 CA
you lie to your instomers! LET'S
PASADENA CA
1109
STOP
MERCURY MARINER1 29 USA
-
WT is FORCE You FEEL.
MASS (Ms) is WHAT YOU MEASURE
KILLING ASTRONAUTS!
on scale or massmeter
WE DO NOT WEIGH. WE MASS!
LAW OF
U.S.COUSTIZE!
To
to call!
Feel free
GRAVITY
WT= Msxg
Hon D. allan Bromley
SAY "MASS", NOT "WT"
TRUTH best
ass't to Pres. for Sai & Tech
The White House
NEWTON'S LAWS ARE
policy.
Old EOB 358
STRICTLY ENFORCED.
ENERGY=
THANK YIB
20506
BUY BY E (EIN)
Msxc2 C2
ECRITICAL!
NEWTON, PASCUL, Einstein, & Gerke "SINCE 1687°C
PUT SAFETY 1st
Consulting Civil Engineers
91024-2204
USA
BOYCOTT NOT YMPICS
"HOMOR THY
PARTNERS"
A FAT
WARNING, FORCES KATCURE! UN
NEWTONS. WRONG
PERSON OVERMASS!
IS
Bush Library Photocopy
LBS MASSLIFTING (same
EXTRY
FIONAR
ORS
HONOR 1/6 on moon
Ms
on )moon)
poundals UNSAFE! of force
PROFESSION
Bush Library
BODY MASS ISN'T WT.
RD
CARL
Every food label is alsoa
1 LB WEIGHS 32,17 PDL
No. C-8285
fake teacher
1
KG
11 9:806 650 N
Exp
'NET WT' IS GOV:T LIE
1 E (ein) " 1 N ! : SAFEST
4.4.48 222 E MASS 16 OZ
OIVIL
TRUTH: "Net Ms"
OF
to. Farth @ STD
CALIFOR
MACL #343
THE FUTURE OF THE AUTO INDUSTRY
I was quite an inventor when young. I improved the ignition of the largest airplane
engine the new Air Force had in the 1940s. Then with that reputation I designed the
six engined B-36 planes, Intercontinental Bombers, to restrain Russian Egtoism. This
with the new Atomic Bombs we had just used on Japan to end that war. There were other
things. Finally I matured morally so that I could have a savings to plow into patents.
The engine for the helicopter and the tilt-engined plane of the backside I especially
sought. It had to be horizontally oppossed and 2 cycle, although not a gasoline and
oil mixture engine. Well, I now see that such a 2 cycle engine would be half as heavy
designed in liquid cooled version for auto use. Such a series off engines I now forsee
for autos, half as heavy as now, willd make them go further on gasoline or diesel for
those uses. And our economy is im a straits. Here is a source of funds, as these newly
engined autos come generally into use, that can pay off the deficit, that is the main
trouble with our economy, actually, causing women to work too, etc. Restraiming the
godless egotism of the Russians, for 45 years, has developed this huge deficit of thise
country as well as a certain amount of social egotism left to use from MrpsRoosevelt's
days. Im 1929 the electorate of this country placed a tax on all imports into this
country, ignorant of the fact that Europe then was buying our goods. This import duty
stopped European imports from being sold in this country, as folk would not buy them
at the high price the duty made. This was the aim of the Congress, the house and senate,
was to protect the Americam worker so he would not lose his job from sale of these
imports here that all suppossed were being made here. Actually, with no sale here of
Europe's goods, they had no money to buy ours. So factories here stopped, and those im
Europe stopped. The Great Depression of the 1930s set im. All the business people of
the country knew that the Congress was the cause of the trouble, at least business
leaders. But no one would listem to them in Washington D.C. in the Congress, Congres-
ional committees and all. We had this social egotism pass new social laws in the 1970s
and increase of taxes to pay for them. The tax burden was too great and the country
went into a reccession. Mr. Reagan and the Republican Party with 40 Southern Democrats
lowered these taxes, and in a few months business of the nation was humming agaim and
continued to until just lately. If Mr. Roosevelt im 1932 had removed those import duty
ies, business between here and Europe would have rebuilt and the Great Depression of
the 1930s would have ceased immediatly. But, instead, here were all these social pro-
grams ever since, continuing due to this social egotism Mr. Roosevelt engaged in fund-
ed by deficit spending to "Help The Poor" etc. If business restrictive laws were re-
moved, and taxing egotism ceased, this recession would be over and the lesson impress-
ed into the future, by the morally sound of this country, times would be good and there
would be very few "poor" to socialize over.
Russia had 140 spiritual communities in the country sustained by farming, out from 140
of it's cities prior to 1589. These providedomorate restraint to the country and the
egotisticpoliticians and business menwere restrained alike. That is what we need here.
These in Russia, their head, Joseph Sanin, made an agreement with Prince Vassily, so
that these were restrained from reproving the politicians. Russia went into 300 years
of social decline since not all of the rulers during these years were that morally
sound. The church kept declining in it's moral restraint on the nation. In 1917 the
folk of Russia said, in effect, "If this is business, government and religion we don't
want any more of it" France went through exactly a similar experience, for 300 years.
Well, I have five engines now I forsee clearly that will all be 1/2 as heavy and the
savings to the economy will pay off this deficit as well as provide for the "Poor".
But, a certain amount of production must be located in the country in new moral rest-
traint force acreaged towns, at all the largest cities, that will support such a prod-
uction, by it's size and need for autos to continue, to restrain that city morally and
the several of these spiritual units as a whole in the nation, restraim the nation. 2
of the new engines will be superior over the others. One should go to the autos indus-
tries generally, their savings paying off the USA deficit. The other should go to these
spiritual acreaged towns out from the several cities, their cherity using thersavings.
I am interesting a group of engineers here, who commonly instruct students in the local
School of Engineering in nearby College Place, to lease, ground from the College to
which it is attached, and, through funding, make up these five engines, with increase
of staff, so all can share research activity and all take care of the instructing of
the students. They can be the board of trustees of this non-profit, tax exempt research
corporation. And the patents will all go to them as a corporation, and since they work
for frugal salaries now, and are not out for the highest salaries etc. usually the case,
they will be good judges of how to license the patents out, and to which companies
under study. The deficit repaying engine should go to the old reliable Americam Auto
Companies now in trouble all. The foreign auto makers selling here will have to go to
one of the two engines that cannot see patents, and they are not as especially good,
although aruements in their favor can be cited by the builders. They are less comp-
licated is all, and may not cost as much to repair. So foreign auto makers can do their
best under these sales possiblities for them. Or they can use their present engines.
But, they will come to these new types of engines, not under patents, that are also
2 cycle. The moral restraint units in the country from cities will sell stock to begin.
THE MORAL RESTRAINT EXECUTIVE AIRCRAFT
Safe Short Bladed Multi-rotor Helicopters
The Small Six Rotor And Engine Each Helicopter Flies On Any Five
Of The Rotors And Engine Each. A Safety Factor No Present
Helicopter Has At All. 2 Place Size.
Directional And Turning Control Is
Patented. A Special Two Cycle
Engine Has Been Designed And
Patented To Make This Kind Of
Helicopter Possible In It's Several
Side View
Sizes. Proven By OneOfThis Type
From Above
THE AIRPLANES
Now Flying.
This gives us an airplane that will fly 150 to 200 miles per hour in final form that will be faster than the
helicopters in going from city to country home and on business errands. You will not be bothered by airport
congestion with these. All you need is a place the size of a tennis court to land or take off. This often on top of
a building or on the lawn. The piston engine is the same one as the helicopter but specially adapted to this
use, and in much larger size. It is patented and will see additional patents during development. A vertical riser
plane.
Flying
Vertical Take Off And
From
Above
Landing. Hovers And Flies On
Hovering
Any 3 of the 4 Engines, A Safety Factor No
Helicopter Has.
The Engines & Propellers Tip from Horizontal to Vertical
The plane to the left has been made in 2 Aircraft and flown a
great deal. It has wing mounted fans spun by jet engine
thrust. One fan in the nose. The wing is vented through by
doors above and louvers beneath and the plane rises verti-
cally and lands that way and in flight can fly 500 miles per
hour. It had a pitching moment at 69 miles per hour and so
no more were made. There was good control in the wing
ARMY
mounted fans and so the plane below solves the problem.
These planes could land as any airplane or combinations of
both. A very simple aircraft. A VTOL plane.
(My Design Originally)
This plane has 3 engines and will fly on any 2. It will carry 5 passengers with 2 pilots as required in turbine
or jet aircraft. With good refinement, it will be very durable and simple to maintain. The vertical lift
equipment will be used only a few minutes at take off and landing and will not see enough use to wear out.
It will place your home still further from the city and you can be there in just a few minutes. It is essentially
the same as the aircraft above, except that it can carry more and will have perfect control in hover mode.
The patents to these strategic aircraft will be kept by a legal benevolence for moral world objectives. And
these aircraft can all be used to good advantage in making business trips. Very Truly, Elmo Kincaid Jr.,
1804 Isaacs, #22, Walla Walla, Washington 99362. Patentee. (Copy as needed)
Elmo Kincaid Jr.
R RI £66 PM WALL GITIES.
1804 Isaacs #22
Walla Walla, WA 99362
31 DEC
/991
PLUTO NOT YET EXPLORED DOUSA
Dr. Allan Bromley, Director,
Office of Science & Technology Policy,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
20500.
Corrected MACL #343.
Dr. Allan Bromley, Director,
12/28/191.
Office of Science & Technology Policy, Attached #339.
The White House, Washington D.C. 20500. & Auto Engine.
Dear Mr. Bromley,
I have lived a useful life and am now on a small pension
here where there is a School of Engineering at this
church college. I have proposed a tax exempt, non-profit
research corporation to the engineering staff which is
well taken by them. I am proposing the several ideas I
have patented as a basis of research. That with proto-
type vehicles done, air and ground, these products can
be licensed out to chapters of youth, married kids, who
can then ask their stock brokers of their city to sell
stock to a real estate & manufacturing corporation to be
located in the country out from their city. These auto
engines in small autos well designed being the basis of
sale to their city. If the chapter were made up from
morally sound young people from the several churches of
their city, Catholic and Protestant, they would have a
total moral impact on their city, especially as their
product, as a small longer milage car, was seen upon
that city's streets. And they could study promotion as a
local T.V. program from their advertizing budget for
their city they were 100 miles out from. And this would
awaken preachers of that city to the need to use their
influence, in their churches to sustain these original
premise these youth arrive at. Certainly this kind of
moral force reasoning is needed to reduce crime and the
continual erroding of our USA System. Under their patents
these kinds of cars would be exclusive at all the cities
of size of America. A untied moral force in our midst
where now it is fragmented and nothing universal being
done. And politicians cannot accomplish such a thing.
Russia had 140 of these sustained by farming out from all
their cities, 140 of them. And they had a beneficial
effect on all Russian life. It was joining these to the
rulers that saw their influence weaken and they ceased to
have the effect they once had. This happened in 1589.
Russia went into 300 years of social and moral decline
until they all became atheists in 1917. We spent a lot
of money restraining the results. This subject of this
kind of auto engine has opened to me. There are five
such engines now. We need Energy Department money to
start it all off to get one made up and proven. Truly,
Elmo Kincaid Jr.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Report
Description and diagrams of gasoline engine of non-oil and
(b)(4)
gasoline mixture type (7 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Physical Science: General [1 of 8] [1991]
Date Closed:
3/17/2010
OA/ID Number:
62041-001
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
"Document Control"
TYPE:
ACTION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9200027
ORIGINATOR:
02
STATUS I
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
LOGAN, Joseph G.: APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/28/91
SUBJECT: A LETTER ASKING FOR OSTP TO OFFER ENCOURAGEMENT TO
ACCELERATE THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE POTENTIAL
OFFERED BY HIS DRAMATIC ADVANCE IN SCIENTIFIC
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
AS NECESSARY
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
01/20/92
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS: PLEASE NOTE: HE REFERS TO A PREVIOUS LETTER HE SENT TO DR. ERB.
I ansurered him on 18 Doc 91 and returned his demo
disc - we SHOULD NOT 8+ involved with logar, back As off. he THIS alreany
has sent me 2 more letters, refusing to take but
OSTP RECEIVED: 01/06/92
DEPT RECEIVED:
technology rates -p with
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
perpetual motion maching
CENTRAL FILES:
( see my 18Dec 91 remarks),
IGRORE Further letters
0027
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
RECEIVED
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 28, 1991
92-JAN 6 P2:55
OSTP
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
MAIL ROOM
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Dr. Bromley:
A copy of recent correspondence, initiated with the Office of
Science and Technology Policy to describe a new development in
the classical theory of fields that now provides the basis for
the creation of a dramatic new form of scientific software, is
attached for your interest and information. The impact on new
technology development, manufacturing, and the domestic economy
could be substantial if the new capability is rapidly exploited.
Dramatic new developments in applied science and engineering can
always lead to substantial improvement in the domestic economy as
a result of the new investment opportunities, new product
development, and the stimulus to manufacturing that can result.
A basic description of the new development is summarized below.
The new development that was described to Mr. Erb fits the above
category. Classical models can be constructed to behave in a
classical particle medium exactly as the fundamental particles
have been observed to behave in the vacuum domain. This adds a
new dimension to the investigation of physical phenomena at a
microscopic level.
Employing the new forms of software designed to enable
visualization of simulated atomic phenomena, computer-based
"experimental facilities" can be developed to duplicate the
phenomena occurring in actual experimental facilities, with the
single important difference that the actual particle behavior can
be observed.
Investigations can be carried out economically that would require
enormous expenditures to duplicate in actual experimental
studies.
Small businesses engaged in research and development can have
access to facilities for experimental investigations that
previously would only have been available to the major
corporations capable of large investments. The potential would
exist for major improvement in the technical capabilities of
businesses engaged in the frontiers of research. Technological
capabilities in such fields as materials, chemicals, and energy
D.A. Bromley/J.G. Logan
Page 2
December 28, 1991
would be substantially improved.
It is unfortunate that up to this time, funds have not been made
available to enable the demonstration of this new software
development capability for industry. This is especially true
when it is recognized that the background research that enables
the development has been well-documented and described in peer-
approved technical papers.
The support for the prototype software demonstration would
provide an outstanding example of the importance of transitional
funding to support exciting new ideas that can revolutionize
technological development.
The required transitional activities to enable the demonstration
of the significance of the development would be ideal for
consideration by a Federal program such as the Advanced
Technology Program being initiated by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology.
The need for a prototype demonstration is suggested in the
attached copies of recent correspondence with industry. Attempts
are now being made to interest major corporations in supporting
such prototype development. Encouragement by the Office of
Science and Technology Policy could greatly accelerate the
demonstration of the potential offered by this dramatic advance
in scientific software development.
A copy of recent correspondence with the Editor of The Sciences
is also enclosed for your interest.
Sincerely yours,
Jamph Joseph President G. h Logan fay
Attachments
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 27, 1991
Mr. J. Douglas Beason
Senior Policy Analyst
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Mr. Beason:
Thank you for your letter of 18 December 1991 in response to my
correspondence to Mr. Erb.
The material mentioned in your letter was merely provided as
background material to point out the significance of a little noticed
branch of the classical theory of fields, the classical collisionless
particle regime. The impact, if the technological implications are
considered, could be of major importance.
The audience for the development is not limited. Although the
characteristics of the field were originally cited to improve the
understanding of electromagnetic phenomena by students, it can be
demonstrated for the first time that the phenomena provides the basis
for the construction of exact models of atoms and other fundamental
particles. The actual behavior of atoms can be visualized when the
software modeling capability is developed.
In addition the ability, for the first time, to construct exact
classical models of light waves yields the unusual result that a
classical parallel of the Einstein-Lorentz relativistic model can be
shown to exist. The transverse plane waves in the classical field
must necessarily satisfy classical invariance conditions.
This is now being suggested to technical journals, as indicated in an
attachment.
What could be at stake, if the potential is not examined and exploited
in this nation first, is the leadership in new technology development.
It is now possible to design scientific software so that the behavior
of fundamental particles can be studied visually. The unique feature
is that the force field phenomena are modeled so that the models
perform in the computer systems exactly as they would behave in
nature.
For the first time, if the capability is developed, it would be
possible to design computer-based systems to carry out simulated
experiments that could, for example, provide the basis for developing
many types of new and improved material and chemical systems. The new
capability could ensure leadership in technology.
Environments can be simulated and effects of particle substitution can
be examined. Simulation based on the modeling of actual force field
J.D. Beason/J.G. Logan
Page 2
December 27, 1991
effects allows the modeled systems to perform exactly as the actual
basic particles would perform under similar environmental conditions.
In effect a computer-based experimental laboratory can be developed.
The only limitation of the simulation being the sophistication of the
computer systems employed to achieve the simulation.
The dramatic new forms of software that could be developed for CAD/CAM
applications and for scientific research would significantly improve
the current hardware and software markets. New manufacturing
opportunities could be created and the resulting economic impact could
prove to be substantial under the present Administration.
The potential for the improvement of the technology base becomes
obvious when it is recognized that each small firm engaged in
development can have access to experimental tools that could easily
exceed the current capability of even the major super computer
networks carrying out basic investigations of physical phenomena.
Even though the existence of such a capability has not as yet been
fully recognized by the scientific community it would be in the best
interest of this Administration to at least examine the potential
offered by the new modeling capability. There actually exists a much
greater potential for the improvement of the domestic economy for the
purposes of the Office of Science and Technology Policy than you have
implied in your reply.
Because of this potential, similar information is now being provided
to industry. Major organizations from the private sector, such as
IBM, are being encouraged to explore the potential. The breakthrough
aspect is also being suggested.
This technological advance provides a unique example of the type of
"breakthrough" technology currently being sought by the Federal
Government to improve technology capability. This development could
result in a significant increase in manufacturing operations, and
stimulate economic growth.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy could assume a lead role
in encouraging the examination of the potential. That is the reason
for the prior submission of the information to your Office and for the
additional material furnished with this reply.
Sincerely yours,
J G. Logan
President
Attachments
CC: D.A. Bromley
G.E. Brown, Jr.
K. Erb
WARNER PUBLISHER SERVICES
666 Fifth Avenue, 9th Floor
N.Y.C., NY 10103
(212) 484-2927
9 November 1991
Dr. Joseph Logan
President, F.L.W., Inc.
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
San Pedro, CA
(213) 514-5512
Dear Dr. Logan:
On behalf of all of us at Time Warner who have considered the intellectual
property that you have developed, thank you for the concentration and
cooperation that you have given to us as we explored the possibility of rights
acquisition. After careful review, we will not be pursuing this potential
acquisition any further; nor will we be involved directly in the funding of FLW.
As you are aware, this decision is not a reflection of the value of property. It is
based upon the desire to focus our near term efforts on our current operating
divisions. While we have experience with entertainment and information
properties, the development of intellectual property such as yours is not a
current focus of our operations. The potentials for enhancing entertainment and
information transmission are understood. We look forward to their occurance.
The most substantial innovation that could come of the work is in science
education. For Time Warner, the most exciting potential is that of transmitting
holographic wavefronts over cable and through film & videotape, although this
may be some years in development. I have had some experience with
holographic animation; if it would be helpful, I am happy to share that insight.
Your comprehension has provided me many hours of intellectual stimulation.
I appreciate the time that you spent so that I might understand the work and the
basic perspective. It has become clear that there is no reason for hesitation about
the mathematical paradigm, nor the implicit computational advantage therein.
Regards,
Laby
Jeffrey Sarnoff
Director of Strategic Business Systems
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro, California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 22, 1991
Mr. Peter G. Brown
Editor
COPY
The Sciences
Two East Sixty-third Street
New York, New York 10021
Dear Mr. Brown:
The attached brief Letter concerning the feature
article "Starry Messengers" in the January/February
1992 issue of The Sciences is submitted for
consideration for publication in the Peer Review
Section.
The comments might be of interest to the readers of The
Sciences. The scientific community should be aware of
the existence of the classical transverse wave
propagation phenomena that enable light wave phenomena
to be modeled.
Sincerely yours,
Joseph G. Logan
President
Attachment
Heralds of Scientific Revolutions
In a recent article in The Sciences (Jan/Feb 1992, p. 43),
entitled "Starry Messengers", F.J. Baumgartner described the
scientific revolution that resulted after the sighting of the
supernova of 1572 by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe.
However, at the conclusion of his article, Baumgartner points out
that at the end of Tycho's life Kepler wrote of this supernova:
"If the star did nothing else, at least it announced and produced
a great astronomer." The description of the new phenomenon was
met initially with wide disbelief even though the supernova
provided the first hard evidence of the proposal made by
Copernicus, the Polish astronomer, twenty-nine years earlier that
the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun.
New scientific developments are generally met initially with wide
disbelief. Even in the twentieth century, a scientific
revolution can be treated with great skepticism or simply
ignored.
The Ptolemaic-Copernican controversy involved the appropriate
central location for the analyses of phenomena characterizing the
solar system. It might be described as having been resolved
simply by shifting the location from the center of the earth to
the center of the sun.
Scientific revolutions are often based on such simple
readjustments in the thought process. The basis for an
equivalent scientific revolution might have already occurred in
the latter half of, this, the twentieth century.
In 1956, in a research paper published in the Journal of
Mathematical Physics (35, p. 1965, 1956) a brief mention was made
of the observation of the existence of a transverse disturbance
propagation mode in classical collisionless particle domains, an
extremely rarefied domain encountered in all continuum fluid
media. The domain dimensions are established by the local
density when the characteristic undisturbed field particle travel
is less than one mean free path. Approximately three decades
later H.T. Yang, one of the authors of the original paper by H.T.
Yang and L. Lees, published an updated version of the early
discovery entitled, "The Propagation of Transverse Disturbances
in Free-Molecule Flow" (J. Appl. Phys., 66, 3947, 15 Oct. 1989).
The little noticed significant development was that this
transverse propagation mode, providing the first classical model
of a light wave or plane transverse disturbance described by the
Maxwell equations, was necessarily invariant under classical
Galilean transformation.
Any observation of this classical wave speed in a free particle
medium in an inertial reference frame would consequently yield
only the constant speed of the wave, a speed that would be
completely independent of the constant velocity of the inertial
reference frame. The physical basis was simply that, in the
independent Maxwellian particle stream transporting the
disturbance or wave, the center of any spherical emitted stream
remained fixed at the source of the emission, i.e., the emitted
stream acquired, and therefore moved with, the velocity of the
emitter. Any observer could only measure the average constant
speed of the wave propagating within the independent stream. The
center of the spherical wavefront always coincides with the
emitter location in an inertial frame possessing a constant
velocity. Maxwellian velocity distributions are, of course,
known to demonstrate invariance under classical Galilean
transformation.
The classical propagation phenomena provided the first examples
of wave propagation phenomena that satisfied Einstein's
Postulates. The only requirement is that the wave phenomena be
characterized by a single space coordinate. The suggestion of
the existence of a classical alternate to the Einstein-Lorentz
transformation requirement could truly provide the basis for a
scientific revolution.
Here, the shift of the location of the center of an emitted
spherical wave from a fixed emission point in space to a point
that remains fixed at the center of an emitting source, moving
with the constant velocity identified with the inertial frame in
which it is emitted, suggests the ability to develop a model that
provides an alternate to the concept of a relativistic time and a
fixed space source location for describing electromagnetic
transverse wave propagation phenomena. The alternate classical
concept is that of a universal time and an emission source and
emitted Maxwellian photon stream possessing the constant velocity
motion of the inertial frame. The motion of the center of the
emitted stream would coincide with the motion of its emitting
source in any inertial reference frame characterized by an
arbitrary constant velocity. The observed speed of a wave would
be identical to that observed in an inertial frame at rest.
Einstein's postulates would be satisfied and parallel,
equivalent, and alternate classical interpretations of the
Einstein-Lorentz formulations could, therefore, exist.
Professor Lees died a few years ago. He was recognized for his
substantial contributions in the fields of aerodynamics and
aerophysics at the California Institute of Technology. Possibly,
within the next hundred years, he might also be recognized for
having helped to create a scientific revolution.
J.G. Logan
Applied Energy Sciences, Inc
San Pedro, California
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 7, 1991
Mr. D.R. Clair
President
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
COPY
P.O. Box 101
Florham Park, New Jersey 07932
Dear Mr. Clair:
This letter is being sent to members of the ChemTech consortium
because the members should become aware that recent developments
in the classical theory of fields now enable visual models of
accurately simulated atomic systems to be developed. This
practical software development could soon render the ChemTech
approaches for molecular, chemical, and material analyses
obsolete.
Please treat the attached correspondence copies as privileged.
Theoretical chemists and physicists are only now beginning to
recognize that the unique phenomena that have been shown to
characterize classical collisionless particle domains can be
adapted to enable accurate simulation of quantum behavior. Most
theoretical physicists should be aware that a recent published
article in the Journal of Applied Physics has demonstrated that
classical transverse wave propagation phenomena have been shown
to characterize this regime. Electromagnetic radiation phenomena
can be accurately modeled, and since the phenomena are classical,
invariance under classical Galilean transformation can be
demonstrated. In collisionless domains modeling vacuum field
behavior, Einstein's postulates are satisfied and the effects of
Einstein's special theory can, therefore, also be duplicated
classically.
A completely new and dramatic form of simulation and modeling can
therefore be shown to exist. It enables the visualization of
physical phenomena at microscopic levels in real time. The
classical modeling approach allows actual force field phenomena
to be reproduced so that the modeled basic particles reproduce
the behavior of natural systems. The systems become self-
calculating and self-determining.
Rights to the development are now being offered to selected firms
before there is a wider recognition of the capability. Since the
development is of importance for increasing the hardware and
software markets for education, research, and industrial
D.R. Clair/J.G. Logan
Page 2
December 7, 1991
applications, it has been brought to the attention of President
George Bush's Administration for the potential impact on business
and the Gross Domestic Product if it is exploited rapidly. This
is also indicated in the enclosed copies.
If there might be interest in supporting the development of the
new code forms that will prove to be greatly superior to those
based on the current mathematical approaches employed in the
development of the ChemTech software, this early opportunity is
being offered for the acquisition of the rights.
Sincerely yours,
Joseph G. Logan
President
Enclosures
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 28, 1991
Mr. John W. Lowe
Program Manager, Commercial Relations
Office of the Director of Commercial Relations
COPY
International Business Machines, Inc.
2000 Purchase Street
Purchase, New York 10577
Dear Mr. Lowe:
Thank you for your letter of 18 December 1991. There was no intent to
imply a counselor/client relationship in the correspondence that was
furnished for your information. The purpose of the attachments were
to indicate that an activity was being initiated to produce a general
awareness of the significance of an overlooked area of the classical
theory of fields, an area that has been well-described and well-
documented in the literature.
The attached material is not to be treated as privileged.
The purpose was to suggest that recent overlooked theoretical
developments could provide the basis for the design of new forms of
scientific software that could produce a significant technological
impact. That impact is being suggested in similar correspondence to
other industrial organizations.
The physics community has essentially overlooked the phenomena in a
rather obscure branch of the classical theory of fields. Hence few
physicists are aware of the capability that now exists to visually
model fundamental particle behavior and simulate atomic phenomena. As
a consequence, industrial organizations have not been, and could not
be, properly advised of the existence of the impact that could be
produced on sales and profits as a result of the acquisition of
rights. The technological impact will only be realized by this
general community when the first three-dimensional visualization codes
are demonstrated.
Our primary interest has been in the educational potential. However,
the interest in the design of software for the improvement in the
technological capability for industrial applications and for the
improvement in the domestic economy should be a motivating factor by
major industrial organizations to achieve control of the new
capability and demonstrate the potential through a practical prototype
development.
Sincerely yours,
Joseph G. Logan
President
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 11, 1991
Mr. John F. Akers
COPY
Chairman of the Board
International Business Machines, Inc.
2000 Purchase Street
Purchase, New York 10577
Dear Mr. Akers:
I am certain that you have seen copies of comments such as the one
attached from the Los Angeles Times concerning the reorganization
that is now being planned at IBM.
The purpose of this letter is simply to point out again that IBM
should exploit the economic potential that can be identified with the
control of rights to a dramatic new scientific software development.
The development enables the visual modeling of the behavior of atoms
and molecules and other fundamental particles at their actual
microscopic levels and interaction times.
It is now possible to study and control simulated atomic behavior for
design purposes. The unique feature is that the behavior of the
modeled systems can occur exactly as in nature at representative
laboratory conditions because the modeling is based on the simulation
of the actual force field phenomena identified with the basic
particles.
The rights to the new approach, based on some overlooked classical
research at the California Institute of Technology, were first
offered to IBM because it was the major computer organization with
the appropriate resources in both computer hardware and software.
IBM also possessed the appropriate recognition of the significance of
providing support for research in fundamental physical phenomena.
The new code development can impact all areas of scientific education
and industrial applications requiring improved understanding of
physical phenomena at the microscopic level. It will influence all
computer hardware markets including those for: supercomputers,
mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. The
supercomputers and mainframes are required initially to carry out the
basic code design and development that is necessary to achieve the
required modeling accuracy and provide the required accuracy for
fundamental research investigations of basic phenomena.
The developed basic software for the detailed research and industrial
development applications can then be adapted for specific
minicomputer and workstation applications including visualization.
J.F. Akers/J.G. Logan
Page 2
December 11, 1991
Specific limited applications can also be carried out at the personal
computer levels, primarily for educational purposes. An animation
and graphics capability is a basic requirement for the full
exploitation of the opportunities offered by this new classical
modeling approach.
It was hoped that the early Time Warner interest would lead to
support for a practical demonstration at a level that would be of
interest for industrial applications. Some of the materials
scientists in your research laboratories have been in contact with
members of Time Warner corporation concerning the potential of the
modeling approach.
Although our interests at Applied Energy Sciences are primarily in
the educational aspects identified with the applications for personal
computers, the economic and technological applications are of primary
significance for future domestic economic development.
It was also the possible influence on economic development at the
national level that could result, if the full IBM computer resources
were used to exploit the potential, that provided the motivation for
initially offering the rights to IBM.
The importance of early exploitation is suggested in several of the
attached copies of correspondence. Please treat the material as
privileged. Many of President George Bush's goals, economic and
educational, could be achieved if the potential was rapidly
exploited, in spite of the resistance that will be shown by some
members of the theoretical physics community. The potential is well-
described in the technical literature. It is just that the research
has been ignored up to this time by the physicists. As is indicated
in the copy of the letter to the Washington Post, any investigative
reporter willing to examine the technical literature can recognize
the modeling basis. The existence cannot continue to be overlooked
and the modeling potential ignored by some members of the physics
community and the press.
As mentioned above, the simultaneous contribution that IBM could make
to the national economy is one reason that IBM should consider the
exploitation of the visual modeling capability, in addition to its
own profit.
Sincerely yours,
Joseph G. Logan
President
Attachments
APPLIED ENERGY SCIENCES, INC.
Tel (213) 514-5513
1861 North Gaffey Street, Suite B
Message (213) 514-5522
San Pedro. California 90731
Fax (213) 547-1915
December 28, 1991
Gloria B. Lubkin
COPY
Editor
Physics Today
335 East 45th Street
New York, New York 10017
Dear Ms. Lubkin:
The attached Letter might be of interest for
publication in the Letters Section.
Sincerely yours,
Joseph G. Logan
President
Enclosure
More on Lessons in Humility
In a recent Reference Frame article in Physics Today (December
1991, p. 9), Daniel Kleppner emphasized the need for humility
when trying to forecast the future of physics. He suggested that
the only thing that scientists can forecast with much accuracy is
an eclipse, and pointed out that veteran science forecasters
invariably qualify their discussions with cautionary statements
to the effect that because the exciting discoveries are
unpredictable, their predictions cannot pretend to do justice to
the glorious potential of their particular fields.
He then listed a number of significant advances that were missed
hardly more than five years after the last ten year forecast of
the Brinkman committee. The listing included nonlinear dynamics
and chaos theory. It was mentioned that the last Brinkman
physics survey hardly noticed that classical mechanics was on the
threshold of a renaissance.
It is unfortunate that Daniel Kleppner did not also point out
that very significant developments in physical theory, and in
classical mechanics, are frequently overlooked when they are
first described. One such development occurred in the classical
mechanics in the latter part of the fifth decade in this century
that, if recognized at that time, might have changed the course
of the development of physical theory.
That development was the little noticed discovery that a plane
transverse disturbance propagation mode was observed to emerge as
the dominant wave propagation mode in extremely rarefied
(collisionless) particle domains.
In a recent publication (J. Appl. Phys., 66, 15, October 1989, p.
3947) one of the early authors, Hsun-Tiao Yang, provided
additional details concerning the discovery. The significance,
of course, is that this provided the first description of a
transverse propagation mode that could duplicate the behavior of
a plane electromagnetic wave. Such a transverse disturbance in
the classical field must exhibit invariance under Galilean
transformation. In a collisionless domain, as a consequence,
only the invariant speed of the transverse wave can be measured.
This provides the first model of classical wave propagation that
satisfies the Einstein postulates. The center of a spherical
wave emitted in an inertial frame moving with an arbitrary
constant velocity acquires the velocity of the emitter. The only
wave propagation speed that can be observed is equivalent to the
speed that would be observed if the inertial frame in which it
was created was at rest. The overall emitted stream behaves just
as any observer and any measuring instrument in a moving inertial
frame.
This is easily shown because the independent streams created in
an idealized domain possess Maxwellian distributions in velocity.
Classical Maxwellian streams are known to be invariant under
Galilean transformation. All components of the stream acquire
the same velocity increment and the center of a spherical stream
therefore appears fixed within the inertial frame. The speed of
propagation of the wave is determined from the normal averaging
process over the energies of the components for the calculation
of the constant wave speed.
This classical model satisfies the requirements of the Einstein
postulates because only the speed of the wave carried within the
independent stream can be observed or measured in an inertial
frame. As a consequence, the description of all field phenomena
in classical collisionless particle domains can be described
within the framework of the classical Newtonian mechanics.
Simply by assuming that the vacuum domain can be characterized by
photons that do not interact, but possess a Maxwellian
distribution in velocity when photon streams are produced as a
result of absorption and emission processes, a transition can be
made from the Einstein-Lorentz framework for the description of
electromagnetic wave propagation to a framework that enables an
equivalent description within the classical Newtonian mechanics.
Alternate and parallel classical descriptions and interpretations
of the Einstein developments should therefore exist. This would
truly place classical mechanics on the threshold of a
renaissance.
Should not this discovery and description of the classical
particle field parallel of a light wave be considered as a
significant, but ignored, advance?
Joseph G. Logan
Applied Energy Sciences, Inc.
San Pedro, California
On the propagation of transverse disturbances in free-molecule flow
H. T. Yang
Department of Aerospace Engineering. University of Southern California. Los Angeles.
California 90089-1191
(Received 10 February 1989: accepted for publication 11 July 1989)
It is shown that the propagation of transverse disturbances in free-molecule flow could be
either diffusive or wave-type dependent upon the averaging process. Purallel to the reasoning
in the continuum limit. He conclude that the process is governed by the classical transverse
wave equation with the isothermal speed of sound as the propagation speed. Furthermore. the
governing equation is invariant under Galilian transformation.
The propagation of transverse disturbances is typified
(1,r,5) is the molecular velocity distribution function
by the Rayleigh problem' and is further studied in the pres-
such that (1/m) = N(1,r) is the number
ent version of finite duration for the impulsive motion. Here
density of molecules at time ! and space Γ, with m being the
an infinite flat plate is impulsively started 10 move with a
mass of the molecule, E = + in + k5 is the molecular ve.
constant velocity U in its own plane for a finite duration
locity vector, i, j, and k are unit vectors in the I, y. and Z
0 - <1< T. In the Knudsen limit of free-molecular flow.
directions, P = mN is the density of gas, T is the absolute
this disturbance is propagated solely by the collision of the
temperature, R is the gas constant, U is the impulsive veloc.
gas molecules with the moving plate. The molecular speed
ity of the plate in its own plane, y is the coordinate normal to
runges from zero 10 infinity. In principle, this disturbance
the plate, and a is the fraction of incident gas which is specu-
could be felt instantaneously at infinity. In other words. the
larly reflected from the plate. Subscripts 0 and w refer to
process is diffusive in nature. Practically, the observed quan-
quantities pertinent to the undisturbed gas and the moving
tities are the averages. The averaged disturbance such as the
wall. respectively. As seen from Eq. (1), the molecular Ye.
tangential flow velocity and shear stress of the gas. as shown
locity distribution function is discontinuous except for the
below. propagate with the Newtonian isothermal speed of
unlikely case of totally specularly reflecting wall of a = 1.
sound. which is interestingly the root mean square of the one
The flow quantities are obtained in Ref. 4 by taking moments
component of the molecular velocity. The process is. in con-
of the distribution function in Eq. (1). For the linearized
trast. of the wave type.
case of a diffusive wall
From the preceding discussion. it is evident that the de-
U =
scription of the propagation of transverse disturbances in
(2)
free-molecular flow depends on the averaging processes:
even so is the continuum limit. (See Ref. 3) In the free-
the tangential flow velocity and shear stress expressions
molecule flow limit, the molecular velocity distribution is
therein reduce to
discontinuous, but the integrated moments, i.e., the average
=
(3)
flow quantities such as velocity and shear stress, are contin-
uous. As worked out in Yang and Lees, the molecular veloc-
(4)
ity distribution in free-molecular flow for Rayleigh's prob-
Obviously, the profiles of flow quantities are not only contin-
lem is
uous but also diffusive in space, i.c., the disturbances of the
transverse plate motion is felt instantancously everywhere
"
(see also Bird.⁵)
On the other hand, if one averages the Boltzmann equa-
tion by taking moments first and then solves for the flow
= On 2RT₀
quantities, the solutions are discontinuous with the wave.
front propagating at the isothermal speed of sound VRTn.
Such solutions are obtained by Yang and Lees° and Lees.'
Consider a flat plate impulsively started to move in its own
7>-
plane for a finite duration T. The governing partial differen-
(1)
tial equations together with their initial and boundary condi-
0021-8979 89/203947-03S02 40
:989 American Institute of Physics
3947
3947
J. Appl. Phys. 66 (8). 15 October 1989
(ions for a diffusive wall in the free-mulecule limit are' as Pxy (t,y) = 0
follows:
I
y>JRT.i.
P.D.E.
=
(14)
due др,,
(5)
It is seen that the profiles of flow quantities are discontin-
uous and of the wave type in space. The transverse distur-
bances propagate with the isothermal speed of sound JRT.
0;
(6)
The preceding study on the diffusive and wave nature of
transverse disturbance propagation in free-molecule flow
I.C.
has an interesting parallel in heat conduction. The classical
heat equation is8
u(0,y) = 0,
(7)
(15)
= 0;
(8)
Here x is the thermal diffusivity and V² is the Laplacian
B.C.
= a²/dy² in our present problem of transverse disturbance.
The solution to heat Eq. (15) with zero initial temperature
u(t,0)
=
U, 0<1<T=0,1>T,
(9)
and constant surface temperature Tw for a semi-finite solid is
1+Vπ/2
T(t,y) = Tw erfe (y/25kl).
(16)
(1,0) = 1+√π/2 1 0<1<T,
The temperature distribution is continuous and diffusive in
space. Incidentally, Eq. (16) is analogous to the velocity
= 0
1>T. (10)
distribution of the continuum limit of the Rayleigh problem.
namely
The solution of the proceeding linear system is
(17)
u(t,y) =
!<-
where is the kinematic viscosity of the continuum fluid. In
either case, the disturbance is felt instantaneously every-
1
II.
U
y
y
where. Morse and Feshbach³ pointed out that "As such in-
+ T,
+ JRT₀
stantaneous propagation of heat is impossible, we must as-
sume that the diffusion equation is correct only after a
= 0
y
+
T<1,
(11)
sufficiently long time has elapsed. The time depends natural-
JRT,
ly upon the mean free path of the gas molecules." They sug-
gest the telegraph equation for the transient heat conduction
(t,y) = 0
y
a² 1 J²T at² + K 1 at =
(18)
1
=
y
-
y
<1<
+
T,
+
VRTo
JRT.
where a = YRTo is the isentropic speed of sound in the
ambient and Y is the ratio of specific heats. Equation (18)
=
0
y
+
T<1.
was later derived from the problem of linear random walk by
VRT.
Weyman,9 who also showed its validity does not extend to
high-frequency disturbances or to noncontinuum gas. In a
(12)
related work,'⁰ the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook approxima-
If we let T- 8, we recover the free-molecule limit of the
tion to the Boltzmann equation collision integral is modified,
classical Rayleigh problem as in Ref.7,
so that the time to reach equilibrium is rendered finite from
infinite. From the viewpoint of the kinetic theory, the veloc-
u(t,y)=0
ity of heat propagation is thus made finite. In fact, the con-
y>JRTd,
cept of hyperbolic heat conduction could be traced back 10
1
Maxwell, and is being investigated quite extensively. The
=
U
(13)
most recent work at this writing is that of Glass and
1 + Vπ/2
McRae.¹⁻ This leads to the conjecture that the classical Ray-
3948
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 66, No. 8. 15 October 1989
H. T. Yang
3948
leigh problem in the continuum limit should perhaps be gov-
cmed by the type of Eq. (18) rather than that of Eq. (15).
Returning to the Knudsen limit, the governing Eqs. (5)
and (6) combined yield the wave equation
Pil Pie I.
=
(19)
dy²
Here C is the isothermal speed of sound = JRT. and Φ(1, y)
is any transverse disturbance. On physical and mathematical
grounds presented above, we conclude that the propagation
of transverse disturbances in the Knudsen limit of free-mole-
cule flow is governed by the wave Eq. (19).
There is another interesting feature of the propagation
of transverse disturbances. The wave equation in general is
invariant under Lorentz transformation. However, in the
special case of Eq. (19) governing transverse disturbances is
invariant under the Galilian transformation
(20)
Intuitively, the transformation is in the .T direction. while the
independent space variable y is orthogonal to it. Hence,
transformation (20) has no effect on Eq. (19). For physical
and mathematical details, in this aspect, see the work of Lo-
gan'' and of De La Rosa. 14 In fact the classical field equa-
tions of Maxwell, when combined to describe the propaga-
tion of transverse electromagnetic disturbances in free
space is identical in form to Eq. (19) and therefore invar-
iant under Galilean transformation (20).
The author wishes to thank Dr. J.G. Logan, President,
Applied Energy Sciences, Inc. for suggesting and partially
supporting this study.
U.G. Logan. J. Aero. Sci. 29. 1011 (1962).
E. H. Kennard. Kinetic Theory of Gases (McGraw-Hill, New York.
1938). PP. 48-51.
'P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach. Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw-
Hill. New York. 1953). PP. 865-869.
H. T. Yang and L. Lees. Proceedings of the First Symposium of Rarefied
Gas Dynamics (Pergamon. London. 1960). pp. 201-238.
G. A. Bird. Molecular Gas Dynamics (Oxford University Press. London,
1976). PP. 98-100.
"H. T. Yang and J. Lees. J. Math. Phys. 35, 1965 (1956).
'L. Lees. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 13, 278 (1965).
"E R. G. Eckert and R. M. Drake. Analysis of Heal and Mass Transfer
(McGraw-Hill, New York. 1972). PP. 24-26.
"H. D. Weyman, Am. J. Phys. 35. 48% (1967).
"B. M. Berkovsky and V. G. Bashtovi. Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 20. 621
(1977).
"I. C. Maxwell. Philos. T. R. Soc. London 157. 49 (1897).
"D. Glass and D. McRae. "Yariable Thermal Properties and Thermal Re-
laxation Time in Hyperbolic Heat Conduction." AIAA Paper No. 89-
0317. Washington. DC. (1989).
"I. G. Logan. Physics Today 41. 152 (1988).
"D. B. G. De La Rosa (10 be published).
"J.G. Logan. Phys. Fluids 5. 868 (1962).
"S. Ramo. J. R. Whinnery. and Th. Yan Duzer. Fields and Hores in Coin-
munication Electronics Wiley. New York. 1934). pp. 131-136
3949
H. T. Yang
3949
J. Appl. Phys.. Vol. 66. No. 8. 15 October 1989
"Document Control"
TYPE:
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ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
DISHER, E.O.: UNITED ILLUMINATING
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/24/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORWARDING A DIAGRAM SHOWING THE ROUTE OF THE
NEW ENGLAND POWER POOL'S INTERCONNECTION WITH
HYDRO-QUEBEC.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
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COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
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UI
United
Illuminating
General Offices: 80 Temple Street
91 DEC 31 A10:31
CT
06510-0901
December 24, 1991
USTP
MAIL ROOM
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Science Advisor to the President
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Dr. Bromley:
Enclosed is a diagram showing the route of the New England Power
Pool's interconnection with Hydro-Quebec. I have highlighted the line and
its connected substations and have indicated the power carrying capability
of each substation.
If any additional information would be helpful, please call me at (203)
777-7025.
Yours very truly,
Dal Disher
E.O. Disher
Manager - Transmission Planning
and NEPOOL Affairs
EOD:ekb
EOD1224A
Enclosure
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an investor-owned electric light and power company
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THE WHITE HOUSE
Jenuary 3,1992
Dear Mr. Dishev:
The hab Sugland Power Doal's
ThangThanks frithe detailed map
intercoune twom with Hydro Queble.
His fustwhat duyded
Bestwr shu forthe new year.
Sincerely DAuan Bromley
"Document Control"
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FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125139
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
AGNEW, Harold M.
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/12/91
SUBJECT: A COPY OF HIS LETTER TO DR. SIDNEY DRELL STATING HIS
VIEW THAT USING THE BRAIN POWER OF JASON TO LOOK AT
THE USE OF ACCELERATORS FOR TRITIUM PRODUCTION IS
UNWARRANTED.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/17/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
5134
I
HAROLD M. AGNEW D
322 PUNTA BAJA DRIVE
SOLANA BEACH. CA 92075
(619) 481-8908 A : 50
December 12, 1991
GSTP
MAIL ROOM
Dr. Sidney D. Drell
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Stanford University
P. 0. Box 4349
Stanford, CA 94309
Dear Sid,
Will Happer mentioned that Jason would be looking at the use of
accelerators for tritium production with you as chairman. I don't believe it
warrants the brain power of Jason to discuss this proposal which keeps
popping up. LANL's problem is that they have an accelerator design division
trying to find something to do.
A simple analysis follows:
2 Gev accelerator with beam of 250 milliamperes
1 ampere of protons = 6 X 10¹⁸ protons/sec
1 ampere year = 6 x 10¹⁸ X 60 X 60 x 24 X 365 = 1.89 X 10²⁶ protons/year
Assume 50 neutrons/proton = 50 X 1.89 X 10²⁶ = 9.45 X 10²⁷ neutrons/year
Assume 50% conversion of neutrons to T = 4.7 X 10²⁷ T's/year
(Dick Burick (LANL) assumes 80% conversion)
3 gms of T = 6 X 10²³π's
1 gm T = 2 X 10²³π's
4.7 X 10²⁷
= 2.35 X 10⁴ gms T/year = 23.5 Kg T/year ampere
2 X 20 23
At 250 milliamperes = 1/4 ampere = 5.875 Kg T/year at 365 days operation
Assume 80% of year at full current of 250 milliamperes
0.8 X 5.875 = 4.75 Kg T/year (80% neutron conversion get 7.5 Kg/year)
So if the accelerator runs 80% of the time at full power with 50%
conversion of neutrons to tritium and one achieves 50 neutrons per
2 Gev proton one makes 4.7 Kg T/year. Because of decay the quantity
will be less.
250 milliamperes @ 2 Gev = 500 megawatts in the beam. Assume 40%
conversion of wall power to beam then one needs 1250 Megawatts of
power. (note LAMPF at best converts wall power to beam with 7%
efficiency).
- 2 -
A 350 megawatt thermal MHTGR produces 150 Megawatts of electricity
and can provide 1.25 Kg of T. Two such reactors produce 2.5 Kg of
T and 300 megawatts of electricity. If sold at 50 mills/kw
revenue pays for operations per year and after 30 years will pay for
total plant cost.
Maybe compromise is four MHTGRs producing 5 Kg T year and providing
600 megawatts of power to feed the accelerator plus accelerator buying another
625 megawatts from someone.
8 MHTGRs make 1200 megawatts of power plus make 10 Kg of T.
Accelerator consumes 1250 megawatts of power and makes 4.7 - 7.5 Kg
of T. How can anyone take this seriously?
I have no doubts that within a factor of two the claims for the accelerator
can be built and operated. (Won't cost more than twice routed price and won't
produce less than half the amount of tritium claimed). But it's really a
dumb idea compared to a power producing reactor.
And besides one or two inherently safe HTGRs will take care of our
anticipated needs and provide a prototype for a second generation nuclear
power system for electricity and process heat. Being inherently safe it could
be located at industrial sites (no evacuation zone required). Being small it
would be factory manufactured and shipped to the site. It also could be a
great export item for the U.S. because it wouldn't need a gaggle of nuclear
engineers to operate it.
When you are at GA in January you might wish to have the GA people give
your panel an update on the MHTGR proposal for the new production reactor at
Savannah River.
If I can be of any help in your deliberations, please let me know.
Happy holiday,
Hand
CC: Will Happer
Allan, Thanks again for lunch + being able
to meet your boss.
Ama
"Document Control"
TYPE:
ACTION-MEETING
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125167
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS I
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
MORRISON, David: AMES RESEARCH CENTER
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DEC 20 1991
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/12/91
SUBJECT: RE: GLOBAL ASTEROID IMPACT HAZARD; HE IS READY TO
PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION ON THE ASTEROID IMPACT
HAZARD OR THE PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL ASTEROID
DETECTION PROGRAM.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED: AS NECESSARY
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
12/31/91
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT: 1/31/92
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
I cAlleD Dr Murrison And he will
CAll
me before he comes to D.C. n 31 Jan92
Dr. Eit. Brosy met w/ sein mel/31@9:2
DOUG
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/19/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSCIAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
5167A
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
NASA
Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, California 94035
RECEIVED
91 DEC 19 A10: 21
Reply to Attn of: SS:245-1
12 December 1991
OSTP
D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President for Science and Technology
MAIL ROOM
The White House
Washington, DC
Dear Dr. Bromley:
Thank you for your letter of 3 December on the subject of the global asteroid impact hazard and
the possibility of asteroid detection being on the agenda for discussion between President Bush
and Australian Prime Minister Hawke. As you suggested in your letter, I phoned Karl Erb to see if
I could contact him on my trip last week to Washington. Unfortunately he, like you, was not in
Washington on the same dates I was there.
I stand ready to provide you any information on the asteroid impact hazard or the proposed
international asteroid detection program if these are needed for the President's briefing book or
any other purpose. Please let me know if there is anything I can do. And even if there is no
urgent requirement, I do hope to have the opportunity to brief you or your staff on the contents of
our report sometime in the not too distant future.
Sincerely,
David Morrison, Chair
NASA International Near-Earth Asteroid Detection Workshop
"Document Control"
TYPE:
ACTION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125137
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS I
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
GOVE H.E.: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/11/91
SUBJECT: HE REQUESTS DR. BROMLEY'S ADVICE ON FUNDING SOURCES
FOR THE UNIVERSITY'S AMS PROGRAM.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
FOR DAB'S SIGNATURE
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
12/31/91
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
ENVIRONMENT
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
CLOSED
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/17/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
04. Letter
To: Allan Bromley From: H.E. Gove
12/11/91
(b)(1)
Re: Cleanup at Savannah River facilities (2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Physical Science: General [1 of 8] [1991]
Date Closed:
3/17/2010
OA/ID Number:
62041-001
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 19, 1991
Dear Harry:
My exceedingly efficient mail handling system got a copy of your letter of December
11 to Karl Erb before mine arrived and when I called Karl to compare notes on
possible funding sources for you, I learned that he had already dictated a reply. We
are not usually that efficient but clearly both of us do appreciate the importance of
the work that you are doing with respect to the AMS activities at the NSRL and
believe strongly that this particular kind of work deserves to be well-funded because
of its importance in programs of such magnitude that your expenses are not only lost
in roundoff, but completely gone beyond the capacity of any of our local computers in
terms of significant digits!
As Karl has suggested, both Will Happer, the new Director of the Office of Energy
Research at DOE, and Erich Bretthauer, the Assistant Administrator for Science at
EPA, will understand the importance of what you are doing and in the very unlikely
event that they fail to do this, Karl and I will make sure that their education is
expanded appropriately. What you need is a relatively brief proposal statement that
spells out the importance of these measurements for the programs for which Happer
and Bretthauer are responsible.
It was good to be back at Rochester, and I was very much impressed by what Liz
Thorndike has been able to accomplish in her Center for Environmental Information.
Unfortunately, my schedule tightened up at both ends just shortly before I took off for
Rochester, so I was unable to participate in a number of the events that Liz had
arranged for earlier in the first evening, and during the following morning.
Please keep us in touch so that we can be sure that your work continues and in the
meantime, warmest wishes for a merry Christmas and a happy, healthy and rewarding
1992 to both you and Shirley.
Sincerely yours,
Adan
D. Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Professor H. E. Gove
Nuclear Structure Research Laboratory
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York 14627
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125098
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
WYNNE, James J.: IBM CORPORATION (AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY)
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/04/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORAWRDING A COPY OF HIS INVITATION TO
PRESIDENT BUSH TO SPEAK TO THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE
AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY DURING ITS MEETING IN
MARCH 1992.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
INTERNATIONAL/POLICY
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/13/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
5098 I
IBM
RECEIVED
International Business Machines Corporation
James J. Wynne, Rm. 26-118
Research Division
IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
SIZEC 13 All :
1 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598-0218
PHONE: (914) 945-1575/FAX: (914) 945-3715
BITNET: ARMY AT WATSON
OSTP
INTERNET: ARMY at WATSON.IBM.COM
MAIL ROOM
December 4, 1991
President George Bush
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Bush,
We are renewing our invitation to you to present an address on education to the membership
of the American Physical Society (APS) during its meeting from March 16-19, 1992, in
Indianapolis, IN. (In response to my earlier letter of invitation, dated August 14 (copy at-
tached), Katherine Super, your Deputy Assistant for Appointments and Scheduling, replied on
August 26 (copy attached) that we should go ahead with our program and renew this invitation
at a later date.) For this meeting, our Committee on Education has now put together a special
symposium entitled "Advice to President Bush from Presidential Awardees," featuring the
following talks (abstracts attached) by high school physics teachers who have been the re-
cipients of Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science Teaching:
"Science Education Reform: Is it Seeing or Believing?" Carol-Ann W. Tripp, Providence
Country Day School, Providence, Rhode Island
"Bright Students: A National Resource in Need of Resources," Arthur Eisenkraft, Fox Lane
High School, Bedford, New York
"Addressing a National Problem with the AAPT Physics Teaching Resource Agents Pro-
gram," James Nelson, Orange County Public Schools, Orlando, Florida
The three speakers are all teachers who have achieved national prominence. Dr. Eisenkraft
has, in fact, just been selected as Outstanding Science Teacher for 1991 during the American
Teacher Awards event, sponsored by Walt Disney, Coca Cola, and American Airlines. Our
APS symposium is a unique opportunity for you to address the nation's professional research
physicists on your education agenda. Your presence will surely reinforce the message that
all of us must support our teachers, the first line of offense in raising our educational stand-
ards.
Repeating what I wrote in my earlier letter, the APS, with a membership in excess of 42,000,
has as its goal the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of physics. To achieve this
goal, the APS holds meetings, publishes journals, considers public issues such as nuclear
materials proliferation, global warming, and biomedical hazards from low frequency
electromagnetic fields, deals with human rights and minority issues in physics, and has an
active program concerned with physics education. The APS March meeting is the leading
international meeting in condensed matter physics, with a regular attendance in excess of
5,000. If you are able to address us, you can be assured of a large and influential audience.
For now, we have scheduled this special session for 4:30 - 6 pm on Monday, March 16. If you
accept our invitation to speak but find this time and/or date inconvenient, we will reschedule
the session to meet your needs. We can accommodate you any time, including evenings, be-
tween Monday, March 16 and Thursday, March 19. Please let us know of your availability as
soon as possible, so that we can handle the logistics of any changes we have to make, in-
cluding bringing the high school teachers to Indianapolis on another date. Should you accept
our invitation but are unable to attend because of unplanned, last-minute demands on your
time, we would welcome your science advisor, Allan Bromley, a physicist and a Fellow of our
society, as the best person to appear in your behalf.
Sincerely yours,
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY.
James J. Wynne, Ph. D.
Chair, Committee on Education, American Physical Society
Attachments
CC: D. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, The White House
Nicolaas Bloembergen, President, American Physical Society
Ernest M. Henley, President-Elect, American Physical Society
N. Richard Werthamer, Executive Secretary, American Physical Society
P.S. I enclose a reprint of a recent article which appeared in Physics Today (circulation
110,000) coauthored by Brian Schwartz, APS Education Officer, and myself, describing some
of the activities carried out by the research community in support of pre-college science and
mathematics education.
August 14, 1991
President George Bush
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. N.W.
Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Bush,
We invite you to present an address on education to the membership of the American
Physical Society during its meeting from March 16-19, 1992, in Indianapolis, IN, right
in the heartland of America. For this meeting, our Committee on Education is putting
together a special session on education, tentatively entitled " Outstanding High
School Teachers: The Presidential Awardee Session." It seems especially appro-
priate to couple you with outstanding teachers, since one of the focal areas of your
education agenda, "America 2000," is recognition and professional development of
teachers, especially in science and mathematics. We offer you this opportunity to
address the nation's professional research physicists on your education agenda, and
to share the stage with several of our most outstanding educators, high school
teachers who have received Presidential Awards. The message to the audience of
physicists will be that all of us must support our teachers, the first line of offense in
raising our educational standards. and that we especially honor and recognize the
efforts of our outstanding teachers.
In the way of background, the American Physical Society, with a membership in ex-
cess of 42,000, has as its goal the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of
physics. To achieve this goal. the APS holds meetings, publishes journals, considers
public issues such as nuclear materials proliferation, global warming, and biomedical
hazards from low frequency electromagnetic fields, deals with human rights and mi-
nority issues in physics, and has an active program concerned with physics educa-
tion. The March meeting is our largest meeting and is the leading internationally
recognized meeting in condensed matter physics, with a regular attendance in ex-
cess of 5,000. If you are able to address us, you can be assured of a large and influ-
ential audience.
President George Bush
Page 2
August 14, 1991
For our planning purposes, we need to know by December 1, 1991, whether you are
able to accept our invitation. Should you accept but are unable to attend because of
unplanned demands on your time, we suggest that your science advisor, Allan
Bromley, a physicist and a Fellow of our society, would be the best person to appear
in your behalf. We look forward to your early response.
Sincerely yours,
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY
James J. Wynne, Ph. D.
Chair, Committee on Education, American Physical Society
CC: D. Allan Bromley
Nicolaas Bloembergen, President. American Physical Society
Ernest M. Henley, President-Elect, American Physical Society
N. Richard Werthamer, Executive Secretary, American Physical Society
bcc: Brian B. Schwartz. American Physical Society
P.S. for Dr. Bromley: For planning, coordination, and announcement purposes, we
would prefer to schedule this education session for 4-6 pm, on either Monday, March
16 or Tuesday, March 17. We would announce it in the APS Bulletin and make ar-
rangements to have the Presidential Awardee teachers attend the meeting on those
days. If the President accepts our invitation with the understanding that you will be
his stand-in if he cannot attend, please let us know which day, Monday or Tuesday,
to pick for the announcement. Of course, if the President is able to attend but only
at a different time and/or on a different day. we will change the plans to accommodate
his schedule.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 26, 1991
Dear Dr. Wynne:
Thank you for your invitation for the President to address the
membership of the American Physical Society on Education at its
meeting on March 16-19, 1992.
We appreciate your extending this opportunity. We hope you
will understand we are unable to make a commitment for the
President this far in advance. In order not to delay your
planning, we suggest you proceed with your program not
counting on his acceptance. If you wish, you may then feel
free to renew your invitation closer to the date -- perhaps
ten to twelve weeks in advance -- for consideration at that
time.
With best wishes,
Sincerely,
Katherine L.Super Super
KATHERINE L. SUPER
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Appointments and Scheduling
Dr. James J. Wynne
International Business Machines
Corporation
Thomas J. Watson Research Center
Post Office Box 218
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
Abstract of Invited Talk
for the 1992 March Meeting
16-20 March 1991
Session Title:
SYMPOSIUM OF THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION:
ADVICE TO PRESIDENT BUSH FROM PRESIDENTIAL AWARDEES
Science Education Reform: Is It Seeing or Believing? CAROL-ANN W. TRIPP, Providence Country
Day School, RI
It is unlikely that even a small hometown newspaper fails to carry an article in its daily edition either
faulting or commending educational reform. The topic is a hot item. Many sectors of our society, from
research scientists to businessmen, are lending their voice and support to the issues. While all this much
needed attention and long overdue concern means we have taken an important first step, are we in ed-
ucation once again doing things for the right reason but in the wrong way? The reformers - the
politicians, scientists, and educators - sincerely believe in the potential for improvement in their pro-
grams. It is, however, the classroom teacher who confronts, and ultimately controls, the reality of suc-
cess with such programs. Two very valid questions are: How realistic is it to expect success, to expect
classroom teachers to concentrate on professional goals, when there are forces undermining their per-
sonal confidence, such as funding cuts, salary cuts, staff cuts, schools closing? Are we jeopardizing end
results in not attending to fundamental assumptions assumptions that we will be able to support im-
plementation? If we need to believe in the future success of long-range reform goals, then we also must
see the present-day threats to the accomplishments of these goals. Without a fully cooperative and
well-sequenced effort that starts from the classrooms to the commissioners and involves teachers, scien-
tists and politicians functioning in a trusting partnership, the educational product cannot be a quality
one.
Abstract of Invited Talk
for the 1992 March Meeting
16-20 March 1991
Session Title:
SYMPOSIUM OF THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION:
ADVICE TO PRESIDENT BUSH FROM PRESIDENTIAL AWARDEES
Bright Students: A National Resource in Need of Resources. ARTHUR EISENKRAFT, Fox Lane
High School, Bedford, NY
Much of the public attention is devoted to improving science education for the vast number of students
who are achieving below our expectations, as it should be. Bright students, however, are also in need
of assistance. These students often find themselves alone in their schools. Few of their friends have their
talent, desire to learn, or growth potential. Few of these students know that their skills are valued by
the society. We should be exploring means by which we can encourage these proficient students to
achieve as much as they are capable of achieving. We must institute a reward system which encourages
students to want to join this special group of young scholars.
Abstract of Invited Talk
for the 1992 March Meeting
16-20 March 1991
Session Title:
SYMPOSIUM OF THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION:
ADVICE TO PRESIDENT BUSH FROM PRESIDENTIAL AWARDEES
Addressing a National Problem with the AAPT Physics Teaching Resource Agents Program. JIM
NELSON, Orange County Public Schools, Orlando, FL
The problem we have come to call scientific and mathematical illiteracy is and will continue to produce
repercussions for many years, unless we address it promptly. The problem has been attacked in many
states by increasing the high school graduation requirements in science and mathematics. Unfortu-
nately, this solution is at risk. There is currently an insufficient number of qualified science teachers to
teach these new classes, and a source of new teachers is not immediately identifiable. The problems as-
sociated with the teaching of physics in pre-college setting is even more acute than in other areas of
science. This is particularly alarming because physics is the most basic science and is a subject where
students have an opportunity to use the mathematical tools they are learning. The American Associ-
ation of Physics Teachers (AAPT) "Physics Teaching Resource Agents" program represents a major ef-
fort to address this problem.
PHYSICS
TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
SPECIAL ISSUE:
PRE-COLLEGE EDUCATION
PRE-COLLEGE PHYSICS
EDUCATION PROGRAMS FROM
THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
Brian B. Schwartz
and James J. Wynne
Reprinted from PHYSICS TODAY, September 1991 © American Institute of Physics
PRE-COLLEGE PHYSICS
EDUCATION PROGRAMS FROM
THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
Physicists from the professional
With the 1980s came the recognition that a crisis is
societies, the national laboratories
developing in American education and in science and
mathematics education in particular. Thus one goal
and industry run many active programs
coming out of President Bush's 1989 Education Summit is
for teachers and students of
that "US students will be first in the world in science and
mathematics"⁴ by the year 2000. Here we consider the
pre-college physics.
response of three sectors of the physics research communi-
ty-the professional scientific societies, the national
laboratories (see figure 1) and industry-and survey the
Brian B. Schwartz
programs they offer for pre-college students and teachers.
and James J. Wynne
There are too many such programs for our treatment to be
comprehensive and so we have chosen a representative
selection. These same organizations also have many
projects that deal with curriculum reform and teaching
materials, as Gerhard Salinger discusses in his article on
page 39. The box on page 50 summarizes the activities
open to the individual researcher.
Teacher's Days at society meetings
Among the earliest responses to the crisis in science
education were the establishment of teacher's days at the
research meetings of many physics-related societies.
These programs vary somewhat in format, size and cost,
but they all have a common strategy: taking advantage of
the professional society's research meeting to put on
special programs and events that recognize and honor the
efforts of high school physics teachers and that provide an
opportunity for them to meet one another and form
ongoing relationships. The Optical Society of America led
the way with its first Educator's Day at its 1985 annual
meeting (see PHYSICS TODAY, October 1985, page 104).
The OSA Educator's Day includes lectures on optical
phenomena, workshops on demonstrations that could be
used in schools, and attendance of other parts of the
meeting (see figure 2). The expenses for travel, lodging
and substitute teachers for those participating are includ-
ed in the OSA budget. This year, OSA celebrates its 75th
anniversary and is planning a special two-day event
during its annual meeting in San Jose. In addition to the
60 teachers from the San Francisco Bay area, one high
school teacher from each state, the District of Columbia,
and Puerto Rico will be invited to attend. To operate the
Brian Schwartz is the associate executive secretary of The
program, OSA makes use of volunteer lecturers from its
American Physical Society and a professor of physics at
membership, and also solicits outside corporate support.
Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.
A typical Educator's Day costs about $50 000. The success
James Wynne is a researcher at the IBM Thomas J. Watson
of the OSA program is suggested by the number of other
Research Center, in Yorktown Heights, New York and is
societies that have followed its lead (see figure 3).
currently chair of the committee on education of APS.
For the past four years, APS has operated High School
48
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
© 1991 American Institute of Physics
FERMILAB
STREET
The Teacher Research
Associates Program gives high
school teachers the
opportunity to work for eight
weeks at one of the DOE's 21
national laboratories. Here,
Paul Johnson, a teacher from
Alaska, studies a position-
sensing photo detector while
in the TRAC program at
Fermilab. Figure 1
Teacher's Day. This is limited to a single day and the
The physics community should actively export this
$5000 cost per program is covered entirely by APS. Each
concept to all the professional science societies. If each
program includes a luncheon at which high school
society included such programs at some of its scientific
teachers meet and interact informally with researchers at
meetings, the result would be significant high quality
an APS meeting. Five High School Teacher's Days are
science training and teacher recognition throughout the
planned for the coming academic year. An important
nation at relatively little cost.
feature is the early involvement of local high school
Students (and their teachers) attend AIP member
teachers (often physics teaching resource agents, as
society meetings through Project SEEP (Students to
described below) in the planning, which ensures that the
Explore and Experience Physics), which aims to heighten
program is suited to the needs and problems of the local
middle school minority students' interest in science.
community (see PHYSICS TODAY, May 1989, page 89).
Project SEEP features speakers and physics demonstra-
The American Astronomical Society organizes the
tions for the students and their teachers (see figure 4),
very successful Astronomer for a Day programs, which
after which students are given the opportunity to perform
usually introduce local high school teachers to regional
supervised physics experiments. (See PHYSICS TODAY, May
astronomy resources. Often workshops are held on
1989, page 67.) AIP covers the $4000-5000 cost of each
astronomy projects and materials that can be used in the
program.
classroom. The American Vacuum Society has also
developed a workshop for high school teachers (see PHYSICS
Workshops and teacher training
TODAY, September 1990, page 100) and the American
AAPT's Physics Teaching Resource Agents program was
Association of Physicists in Medicine has held two
funded by NSF to develop a cadre of outstanding high
Educator's Days.
school physics teachers to conduct workshops for under-
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
49
Special
AKZO
ES
Teachers at OSA's 1990 Educators' Day
teachers attend with about 60% from high schools and
touring the OPTCON '90 exhibition. Figure 2
40% from colleges. The workshop begins with a welcom-
ing buffet and an evening of entertaining and informative
physics demonstrations. The next day, lectures on the
prepared physics teachers.⁵ Under the direction of Donald
concept of local alliances are given by experienced high
Kirwan (1985-86) and John Layman (1987-88), and
school and college educators from successful operating
codirected by Jack Wilson, the AAPT executive officer
physics alliances. The attendees are then divided into
during this period, the PTRA program selected a total of
regional groups to discuss how a local alliance might
350 physics teachers to participate in three-week leader-
address the educational problems and needs of their
ship training programs and in follow-up seminars at
region (see figure 5). The regional groups take the first
AAPT meetings. The PTRAs form a human resource
steps toward organizing a local alliance planning meeting
group within the nationwide community of high school
in their region.
physics teachers and continue to play an important role in
To date, five workshops have been held. Nearly 100
improving physics teaching in high schools. They also
physics alliances have been initiated or assisted. Local
have lent their expertise to other educational outreach
high school teachers and local college faculty member
efforts and have often facilitated interactions between
volunteers convene the workshop, while APS provides
high schools and the research community. (See the article
staff support for operating the meeting and assists in the
by Yvette A. Van Hise and Jim Nelson in PHYSICS TODAY,
program planning. The joint AAPT-APS College-High
March 1988, page 47.)
School Interaction Committee has also been instrumental
A major effort aimed at improving high school
in the program.⁶ (See PHYSICS TODAY, November 1988,
teaching is the Local Physics Alliance program operated
page 139, and October 1987, page 107.)
by APS and supported by two NSF grants totalling
A series of workshops for teachers has been developed
$567 000 with John Russell (Southeastern Massachusetts
and validated by AIP's nationwide program Operation
University) and Brian Schwartz as principal investigators.
Physics under Kirwan's direction. The workshops focus
This program promotes the development of regional
on the physics content typical of 4th-8th grade science
alliances between high school physics teachers and college
curricula, hands-on activities that require only inexpen-
physics faculty. Many high schools have only one teacher
sive and readily available materials and that are appropri-
of physics (sometimes only part time) and thus there is no
ate for younger students, discussions of the ideas that
opportunity for the teacher to share ideas and teaching
children bring to the classroom, and teaching methods
techniques.
that reflect recent research on learning theory (see Jose P.
A typical Local Physics Alliance workshop is held on a
Mestre's article on page 56). Leadership teams assembled
Friday evening and Saturday. All teachers of physics
from university physics and science education faculty,
within about 200 miles of the workshop are invited, with
high school physics teachers and teachers from the
room, board and travel expenses paid. Usually, 80 to 120
targeted grade levels are being trained throughout the
country to conduct the workshops with teachers from their
local areas. To date, about 55 000 teachers have partici-
pated in Operation Physics workshops, and almost 5000
Activities Open To The Individual
teachers have completed Operation Physics courses for
Researcher
graduate credit at 43 colleges and universities. The total
cost has been about $2.4 million, with major funding from
Participate in the science education outreach activities
NSF, AIP, state and local education agencies and private
of your professional society.
corporations. NSF funding has been sought for a proposed
Organize student and teacher visits to your laboratory.
program with AAPT to use Operation Physics in the pre-
Prepare informative lectures at the appropriate level for
service training of elementary and middle school teachers,
teachers. Include hand-out notes and materials that the
following the precept that teachers should be taught in the
teachers can easily use as viewgraphs.
way that they are expected to teach.
Lend equipment and provide materials and supplies to
teachers to enhance their classroom demonstrations.
APS Forum on Education
Provide teachers with support such as meeting rooms,
The 1930 decision to form an organization (AAPT)
access to copying facilities, and so on.
separate from APS to address the problems of physics
Actively participate in a physics alliance in your area.
education has, in our opinion, complicated the opportuni-
ties for all members of the professional physics community
50
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
High School Teacher's Days
American Physical Society
Optical Society of America
American Astronomical Society
American Association of Physicists in Medicine
American Vacuum Society
Local Physics Alliance Workshops
Past
Upcoming
Satellite link
Locations of professional society programs for high school teachers held over the last five years and to be
held in the upcoming academic year. Figure 3
to respond to educational challenges over the years.
discussion sessions and lab tours given by physicists.
Recently, APS, after working through its Committee on
Another program is the three-week Summer Institute
Education with a special task force of AAPT, approved the
for Chicago Science and Mathematics Teachers held in
establishment of a Forum on Education. Forum member-
collaboration with Chicago State University, which has
ship is free for APS members.⁷ The purpose of the Forum
sessions in high school biology, chemistry, physics and
is to promote two-way communication between the physics
mathematics. In the physics program, 15 teachers attend
research and the physics education communities. It will
morning lectures on topics such as the Fermilab neutron
focus attention on the importance of good and universally
therapy facility and afternoon laboratory sessions to
available education to the health of physics research.
translate those topics to the high school classroom.
It is hoped that the new Forum will develop like the
Follow-up sessions are held during the academic year and
very successful Forum on Physics and Society, and will
participants receive a stipend and can earn graduate
give APS members a voice and opportunities for action in
credit for completing the program. The program is based
physics education. Strong links are written into the
on a similar four-week summer institute conducted since
Forum bylaws, ensuring close cooperation between the
1983 at Fermilab for teachers drawn from a wider area.
new Forum and AAPT. In our opinion all of the AIP
However, this original institute did not receive funding
member societies should consider creating a subunit for
from NSF in 1991.
members working with AAPT.
The DOE Office of Energy Research funds the Teacher
Research Associates Program (TRAC) at many laborato-
National laboratory programs
ries, in which teachers (10 at Fermilab) work with a
In October 1989, Secretary of Energy James D. Watkins
scientist or engineer on a research project for one summer
convened a major conference to define the role of the
(see figure 1). Participants learn to acquire data and
national laboratories in science education.⁸ He was
report results in a scientifically acceptable manner, skills
especially interested in having the laboratories share their
directly transferable to the classroom. Individual physi-
ideas and coordinate their educational programs, both
cists and departments at Fermilab have funded an
with one other and with other organizations such as
extension of the program that allows 16 "TRAC Grad"
businesses, universities, school districts and SO on. Wat-
teachers to return for additional summers, which are often
kins made a specific request that each laboratory (and
much more productive because of the teachers' earlier
each scientist within the laboratory) devote a fraction of
experience.
its budget and time to science education. The conference
Fermilab has a variety of other programs for both
report asked DOE laboratories and facilities to open their
teachers and students at the elementary and secondary
doors to schools and communities and develop model
school levels. Some are mentioned in Salinger's article on
student and teacher programs for the entire Federal
educational materials (page 39) and in PHYSICS TODAY, May
government.
1991, page 53, and October 1990, page 85. Pre-college
It is inappropriate to detail all the programs of the
programs at Fermilab also receive support from the non-
national laboratories⁹ here, and we will only briefly
profit Friends of Fermilab organization.
mention some of the pre-college programs of Fermilab and
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory opened a
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Science Education Center in 1983. It has since become the
When Leon M. Lederman was director of Fermilab he
model for similar facilities at other laboratories. In the
encouraged the high-energy physics community to develop
past several years, the center has offered summer
programs for pre-college teachers and students using
workshops for several hundred teachers. Scientists and
modern high-energy physics as the theme. In 1979,
technicians from Livermore instruct the teachers in basic
Fermilab began offering Saturday Morning Physics to
science, computers, global climate issues and multimedia
high school students. There are three sessions per year,
techniques, and help them develop new science curricula.
each with about a hundred students (mostly seniors)
At Livermore, staff members from the inertial con-
attending a series of ten classes including lectures,
finement fusion program and the Science Education
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
51
to participate. The box on page 53 gives a description of
the IBM Local Education Outreach program.
Some 200 major US-based corporations belong to the
Business Roundtable, where their CEOs have committed
personal time and company resources to work with the
nation's governors for systematic change in K-12 educa-
tion. The goal is to form broadly based partnerships to
develop reform-minded state education policies.
The Corporate Council for Mathematics and Science
Education has been launched by the National Research
Council (an arm of the National Academies of Sciences and
High-Tc superconductivity demonstrated to
Engineering), to focus business's attention on a coordinat-
junior high school students by Brian Schwartz
ed reform of mathematics and science education. Starting
as part of the SEEP program at the November
from national standards developed by the mathematical
1990 APS meeting in Cincinnati,
sciences educational communities, the Corporate Council
Ohio. Figure 4
will develop national strategies, create national support
structures and serve as an information network. It will
help corporations articulate their current and future
Center have developed a program for teaching the science
needs for workers with scientific understanding and skills,
of fusion. The project, Fusion Energy: Meeting the
and will convey these needs to education administrators,
Challenge, has developed instructional materials and
curriculum developers and teachers. It will produce and
strategies, which have been widely disseminated through
disseminate materials on successful education and train-
workshops for teachers and visits to classrooms. Initially
ing programs, and provide materials for local forums and
for high school science teachers and students, the program
workshops.
is to be expanded to the middle and elementary school
levels. The research community should be involved in
Summer jobs and academies for teachers
development of such materials for high school teachers in
Industry has widely adopted the summer employment of
all the subdisciplines of physics.
high school science and mathematics teachers. Teachers
who are brought into lab environments during the
Industry and business
summer update their skills, increase their knowledge of
Science and mathematics education in grades K-12
emerging technologies and potential careers for their
directly affects the ability of American industry to meet
students, develop new instructional materials and teach-
the challenge from international business. Jobs of the
ing strategies, increase their self-confidence and renew
future will require greater technical and mathematical
their enthusiasm for teaching.
literacy than did jobs of the past. Many American
Their students get direct access to industry through
industries are committed to helping educators prepare
tours, opportunities to use new equipment and materials,
students to fill those jobs. Here we present a few
and classroom visits by industry scientists. Furthermore,
representative examples to give a flavor for how some
the students receive more relevant and effective instruc-
companies are already participating and to provide
tion from their teachers. But the benefits are not all one
suggestions for other companies that are looking for ways
way. Teachers are valuable summer employees who bring
A regional group discussion
among high school and college
participants at the Spencer,
Indiana, Local Physics Alliance
Workshop held in November
1988. Figure 5
52
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
IBM's Local Education Outreach Program
The LEO program is designed to marshal the resources of the
local research and development laboratories that might want
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center to enhance science
to hire them. Over the past three summers, IBM has hired
and mathematics education in our local school system.
nine teachers through this program, most of them physics
These resources include our employees, our physical re-
teachers who worked as physics laboratory assistants.
sources (building, laboratories, equipment) and a modest
Qualified students capable of providing help as program-
amount of money to support specific programs. Any
mers and physics and chemistry laboratory assistants are
research institute of reasonable size can develop an effective
also hired during the summer. The students get a taste of
program aimed at the same goal. This summary is intended
scientific research and are better able to judge whether or
to serve as a recipe that can be varied to suit the taste,
not to seek a career in a technical area.
interest and resources of the institution that decides to create
Student recognition and enrichment. We continue to
such a program.
present scholastic achievement awards. To provide incen-
The IBM LEO program began in 1988 with the decision to
tive to more students, IBM has a monthly science and math
present cash awards to graduating seniors who excelled at
student recognition luncheon. Each month, the partner high
science and mathematics at several local high schools. In
schools select a science student and a math student of the
1990, the program was expanded to develop partnerships
month. The selection criteria vary, but include excellence in
between the Research Center and selected local districts,
normal classroom activities, tutoring other students, marked
each partnership being broad and deep enough to persuade
improvement in performance, and unusual creativity. The
the school districts to give them attention and support.
students are invited to the Research Center where they
Teacher development. IBM offers a lecture series for
receive personalized certificates and meet students from
high school science and mathematics teachers entitled "The
other high schools with similar interests. We also ask the
Personal Computer: How it Works and How it is Used."
schools to send a science teacher and a math teacher. Both
Participants from the partner high schools attend 20 hours of
the students and teachers are taken on laboratory tours and
lectures and discussions spread out over eight lecture
become more aware of challenging career opportunities. A
periods. Subject matter includes computer applications,
typical tour guide is one of our PhD scientists, engineers or
computer science, physical science, mathematics, technolo-
mathematicians. A recognition luncheon is something that
gy and biological science. The teachers get a taste of the
any research institution can easily implement in partnership
excitement that comes from working at the frontiers of
with local high schools.
technology and receive specific knowledge and materials for
LEO also promotes and supports face-to-face competition
use with their students. Topics with a strong component of
between science and math teams from neighboring high
physics include the use of magnetism and magnetic fields in
schools. These not only heighten students' interest in
disc drives, motors and other electromagnetic devices;
science and math, but serve to enhance the peer recognition
materials processing for semiconductor chip fabrication; and
that high achieving students receive, because they are
condensed matter physics, including how a transistor works.
representing their schools in teams rather than representing
The subject matter was selected during planning discussions
themselves as individuals.
with teacher advisory groups containing at least one teacher
Other aspects of the LEO program include purchasing
from each high school.
high-Tc superconductivity kits for high school physics
Summer jobs. The LEO program provides summer jobs
classrooms, loaning equipment to teachers for short-term
for qualified high school teachers and students. The concept
use in demonstrations or student research projects, provid-
of offering summer jobs to high school teachers grew out of a
ing IBM speakers for classrooms (see figure 6), hosting
program initiated by APS for finding summer jobs in research
laboratory tours for selected groups of students, and offering
laboratories for high school physics teachers. Inspired by
hands-on science workshops for elementary school students
the Industry Initiatives for Science and Math Education
at our Research Center (see cover photo).
program (see main text, this page), IBM supported the efforts
This cross section of activities was selected based on the
of Carlo Parravano, the director of the Center for Mathemat-
expressed needs and interests of the teachers and adminis-
ics and Science Education at the State University of New
trators at our local schools and matched with the interests of
York at Purchase to develop the Research Opportunities for
our IBM volunteers. Other institutions that plan to organize
High School Teachers Program. SUNY Purchase acts as a
education outreach programs are well advised to talk to the
matchmaker, and qualified teachers are put in touch with
schools before putting any programs into place. -JJW
to their summer assignments maturity, initiative, dedica-
the Industry Initiatives for Science and Math Education. 10
tion, enthusiasm, good communication skills and a well-
In the first six years of IISME'S existence, business and
organized approach that can help accomplish specific
government laboratories in the Bay Area have offered
technical tasks and infuse new perspectives and ideas.
over 400 summer job fellowships to teachers. These
Hiring companies also get community recognition and
teachers represent one tenth of the Bay Area high school
improve employee morale by making distinct contribu-
science and mathematics teaching force, demonstrating
tions to local education. Representative companies are
that a consistent, long-term effort can reach a substantial
AT&T, General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, Dupont, Intel,
part of the relevant population of educators. IISME'S
Apple Computer, Lockheed, General Foods, Lederle Labs
sponsors include Amdahl, Chevron, Dow Chemical, GTE,
and IBM.
IBM, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Northern
While individual companies may develop their own
Telecom, Pacific Bell, Raytheon and Unisys, among a total
direct links to employable teachers, a collection of
of 57 business and government laboratory partners.
companies in the San Francisco Bay area have formed a
Many companies have formed summer academies
partnership with the Lawrence Hall of Science at the
where teachers attend one- or two-week sessions to
University of California, Berkeley, which has full-time
increase their knowledge in math, science and technology,
administrative staff who match qualified teachers with
learn strategies for teaching these subjects more effective-
companies and laboratories. This partnership is known as
ly and explore how to integrate them into the total school
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
53
IBM
The "buckyball"-the soccer-
ball-like structure of the
recently discovered C₆₀ form
of carbon-is explained by
James Wynne to 7th grade
students at P.S. 56 in New
York City as a part of the LEO
program. Figure 6
curriculum.
Carolina, and San Jose, California, two other IBM sites
AT&T Bell Laboratories works with the New Jersey
participating in the program.
Science Teachers Association to offer a program called
Such efforts at enhancing pre-college education by
Science Teachers in Industry, in which groups of teachers
industry, the national laboratories, professional societies
are brought to Bell Labs for a two-week workshop
and other sectors of the research community must
featuring a wide variety of lab visits and actual in-lab
continue to expand if the goal that US students be first in
work with individual scientists.
the world in science⁴ is to be achieved by the year 2000.
Cray Research in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, sup-
ports the Cray Academy which offers one-week workshops
References
for elementary, middle school and high school educators.
1. "A Nation at Risk: The Importance of Education Reform,"
Instructors include Cray technical specialists and master
Natl. Commission on Excellence in Education, US Depart-
teachers from schools and universities. Topics include
ment of Education, Washington, D.C. (1983).
"How to Grow Science in Kids" for teachers of grades K-8,
2. "Science Achievement in Seventeen Countries: A Prelimi-
"Physical Science at the Middle School" for grades 6-9,
nary Report," Int. Assoc. for the Evaluation of Educational
and "Photonics/Fiber Fever" for grades 8-12.
Achievement, Pergamon, New York (1988).
The Semiconductor Research Corporation Competi-
3. H. L. Hodgkinson, All One System: Demographics of Educa-
tiveness Foundation conducted a pilot program in the
tion, Kindergarten through Graduate School, Inst. for Educa-
summer of 1989 at Research Triangle Park, North
tional Leadership, Washington, D.C. (1985).
Carolina, in which 16 local high school teachers learned
4. America 2000: An Education Strategy Sourcebook, US Depart-
how participating corporations use science and mathemat-
ment of Education, Washington, D.C. (1991).
ics in high-technology industrial applications. The teach-
5. For a report on the Physics Teacher Resource Agent Program,
ers' exposure to everyday practical uses of their disciplines
as well as names of the PTRAs in your area, write to: AAPT,
improved their ability to promote careers in technology-
5112 Berwyn Rd., College Park, MD 20740.
based industry among their students. In 1990, this
6. To receive the CHIC newsletter, write to: Peter Lindenfeld,
program was imported to the Hudson Valley in New York,
Editor, CHIC Newsletter, APS, 335 East 45th St., New York,
as the Industry/University Partnership for Improving
NY 10017.
Math and Science Education. Twenty high school teach-
7. Bull. Am. Phy. Soc. 36, 1715 (June 1991); 36, 1888 (July/
ers spent six weeks of the summer visiting nearby IBM
August 1991).
sites, the Texaco Research Center, Central Hudson Gas
8. "Math/Science Education Action Conference Report," US
and Electric Corporation, Minolta Advanced Technology,
Department of Energy, Natl. Technical Information Services,
Osran, Siemens, Plasmaco and Marpac Industries.
Springfield, Va. (1990).
The State University of New York at New Paltz
9. Laboratory-Based Science Education Programs, US Depart-
participated in the program and contributed several
ment of Energy, Washington, D.C. (1991). For a listing of DOE
courses on statistics, communications and modification of
laboratory programs, write to: University and Science Educa-
tion Programs, Office of Energy Research, US Department of
pedagogy, all with industrial applications. The teachers
Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC
came away with a better understanding of the need to
20585.
teach students to be problem solvers, team workers and
10. For more information, contact Marie L. Earl, Executive Direc-
communicators. The teachers were given IBM PS/2
tor, Industry Initiatives for Science and Math Education, c/o
computers, educational software and modems. They were
Deskin Research Group, 2270 Agnew Road, Santa Clara, CA
electronically networked to teachers in Raleigh, North
95054, (408) 496-5340.
54
PHYSICS TODAY
SEPTEMBER 1991
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125096
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
MASSEY, Walter E.: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/04/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORWARDING THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON
PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES FOR
FY 1991.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT: 12/18/91
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
INTERNATIONAL/POLICY
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
INDUSTRIAL
FCCSET
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
CLOSED
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/13/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Vickie
CENTRAL FILES:
5096 I
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20550
RECEIVED
nsf
91 DEC 13 All : 10
OFFICE OF THE
director
December 4, 1991
OSTP
MAIL ROOM
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology
Room 358
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Dr. Bromley:
As specified in the Charter of the Committee on Physical,
Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, I am transmitting a report
of the Committee's activities during FY 1991. The Committee had
a very productive year in 1991, and I look forward to a similar
level of activity in 1992.
Sincerely,
Walter E. Massey
Chair
FCCSET Committee on
Physical, Mathematical,
and Engineering Sciences
Enclosure
Copy to: Dr. Victoria Sutton
FCCSET COMMITTEE ON
PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
ANNUAL REPORT
October 1, 1990 - September 30, 1991
The purpose of the Committee on Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences (CPMES)
is to advise and assist FCCSET to increase the overall effectiveness and productivity of Federal
R&D efforts in the physical, mathematical, and engineering sciences. The Committee addresses
policy matters which cut across agency boundaries and provides a mechanism for interagency
science policy coordination and exchanges of information regarding the physical, mathematical,
and engineering sciences.
12 departments and agencies are members of CPMES: Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce,
Health and Human Services, Energy, Education, Office of Management and Budget, Office of
Science and Technology Policy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Environmental
Protection Agency, and National Science Foundation.
The CPMES held six meetings during the period October 1, 1990 to September 30, 1991. The
meeting dates were October 31, 1990; December 18, 1990; January 22, 1991; April 18, 1991;
July 22, 1991; and August 23, 1991.
For the most part, the accomplishments of the Committee are reflected in the activities of its
Subcommittee and Working Groups. One Subcommittee and two Working Groups have been
formed that report directly to the Committee:
*
Subcommittee on High Performance Computing,
Communications, and Information Technology
*
Working Group on Access and Representation
*
Working Group on the Structure of Science Support
The Subcommittee on High Performance Computing, Communications, and Information
Technology (HPCCIT)
The HPCCIT Subcommittee of CPMES, the successor to the Executive Committee of the High
Performance Computing and Communications Working Group, was formally chartered in summer
1991. The Subcommittee facilitates coordination of multi-agency activities in information
technology under CPMES, including the Federal High Performance Computing and
Communications Program (HPCC). The membership of the HPCCIT Subcommittee includes a
representative from each member agency in the HPCC. Two new member agencies were added
- National Institutes of Health and Department of Education - for a total of nine. HPCCIT has
four discussion groups which track the four major elements of the HPCC program.
1
OMB Budget Process: The HPCCIT prepared a report on High Performance Computing and
Communications which was approved by CPMES and transmitted to FCCSET to supplement the
President's FY 1992 budget submission to Congress. Preparation of the FY 1993 Budget
Notebook, according to OMB Terms of Reference, is a major contribution of the HPCCIT. This
required the creation of a management plan subject to OMB approval, collegiate review of the
individual agency budgets by the HPCCIT, presentation to and review by CPMES of the
coordinated interagency plan, recommendations by CPMES to the individual agency heads on
funding levels, and briefing and presentation to OMB of the Budget Notebook in September
1991. HPCCIT responded to fifty questions from OMB on the Notebook.
Outreach: In addition to implementing a general policy of initiating ties to other FCCSET cross-
cut activities and making presentations to the high performance community at large, HPCCIT
participated in several other outreach activities.
1.
Congress: HPCCIT was responsive to the OSTP policy of keeping the Congress briefed
on the content and meaning of the HPCC, and provided budget reviews. In the process,
the Administration position on HPCC was negotiated.
2.
CSPP: HPCCIT provided a briefing to the Computer Strategy Planning Project (CSPP)
and welcomed their interest in the program. More cooperative interaction with CSPP is
expected.
3.
S&T Agreement: U.S. cooperation under the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology
Agreement is overseen by OSTP. In July, 1991, HPCCIT participated in the Joint
Working Level Committee Talks in Tokyo and led the Working Group Meeting on
Supercomputing. The U.S. has initiated the first joint project in high performance
computing under the Agreement - a workshop on supercomputer performance evaluation
conducted with the Japanese in Hawaii in July. In Tokyo the Japanese demonstrated a
keen interest in joint research in advanced robotics systems incorporating supercomputer
technology. HPCCIT has not been successful to date in stimulating U.S. interest in joint
research with the Japanese in high performance computing although there is general
agreement on HPCCIT that joint development in applications software could be
advantageous to the U.S.
4.
NACS and Micro Tech 2000: HPCCIT members have participated in the activities of the
National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors (NACS) and have provided support in
planning and in the preparation of reports. HPCCIT members participated in the
workshop that produced the Micro Tech 2000 report, a blueprint for the achievement of
a balanced U.S. capability to manufacture a gigabit SRAM by the year 2000. The report
may become the basis for future U.S. activity in the pursuit of such a goal.
2
The Working Group on Access and Representation
The report of the Working Group was received by the CPMES and discussed at the April 18,
1991 meeting. No formal action has been taken on the report.
The Working Group on the Structure of Science Support
The Working Group briefed the CPMES on its progress throughout the year. The draft report
of the Working Group was circulated to all members of the Committee in September 1991. One
of the first activities of the CPMES in FY 1992 will be to recommend the next step for this
report.
Potential New Issues for CPMES
A few topics surfaced during the course of the year as possible issues for CPMES consideration.
The Committee heard a presentation on mathematics as a subject for future FCCSET action. A
discussion group was formed to investigate agency plans in this area and to clarify the role of
mathematics in ongoing FCCSET cross-cuts. The findings of the discussion group will be
reported to the Committee early in FY 1992. The health of academic research infrastructure and
telecommunications were also suggested as possible CPMES topics, but both are in too early a
stage to yet be considered serious candidates. Both topics will be explored more fully in FY
1992.
Verfer Vernon Pankonin
Executive Secretary/CPMES
November 26, 1991
3
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 18, 1991
Dear Walter:
Many thanks for your letter of December 4 with which you include the Annual Report
of the FCCSET Committee on Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences.
I am much indebted to you for taking on the chairmanship of this important
Committee and I have been impressed by the high quality of the work completed and
underway. Your leadership is a very important element of the Committee's success.
With warmest personal regards,
Sincerely yours,
Allan
D. Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
and
Chairman, Federal Coordinating Council
for
Science, Engineering and Technology
The Honorable Walter E. Massey
Director
National Science Foundation
1800 G Street, Northwest
Washington, D.C. 20550
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125061
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
GOODMAN, Charles: INDIANA UNIVERSITY CYCLOTRON FACILITY
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/03/91
SUBJECT: A LETTER EXPRESSING HIS CONCERN WITH THE DOE "TIGER
TEAMS" AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN SCIENCE.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
CLOSED
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/10/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
5061
INDIANA
UNIVERSITY
CYCLOTRON
FACILITY
RECEIVED
2401 Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, Indiana
47408-0768
Telephone: 812-855-9365
91DEC 10 All 39
FAX: 812-855-6645
December 3, 1991
OSTP
MAIL ROOM
Dr. D. A. Bromley
Presidential Science Adviser
The White House
Washington, DC, DC
December 3, 1991
Dr. D. Alan Bromley
Presidential Science Adviser
The White House
Washington, DC
Dear Alan,
I am presently at the Institut fuer Kernphysik of the KFA in
Juelich, Germany, on a Humboldt Foundation Fellowship, and it is
only through the miracle of electronic mail transmission that it
may appear that I am in Bloomington.
By the same miracle I am not entirely out of touch with the
woes of US science. Also, from this perspective, the outlook
might seem bleaker than it would were I in the US. I say this
because in seeking English news on television I find myself
exposed to mostly economic reports that I don't customarily watch
in the US. It becomes clearer and clearer that the only way the
US economy can advance in the future is through high technology
which depends on science.
With respect to science funding, the immediate crisis that
the nuclear physics community is concerned with is the 10% cut
being considered for DOE nuclear science. I see this as the
final death knell for DOE nuclear science. Even before this came
up I saw the DOE funded nuclear physics staggering under the
heavy financial burden and the demoralization wrought by Admiral
Watkins' Tiger Teams. This has hit even our NSF funded work at
Indiana because some scientifically important experiments of our
Indiana-LAMPF collaboration were simply not run last summer in
fear of and in preparation for the Tiger Teams.
In my view the Tiger Teams represent power where it can be
very destructive. It may look politically good to try to improve
the safely of nuclear research. (It would be more than
politically good to improve the safety in the nuclear industry,
the mining industry, the chemical industry, and the workplace in
general.) But it is important to distinguish real concerns from
show.
The problem with the Tiger Teams is that they have been
given the power to be destructive. They can hide behind the
concept that safety is motherhood, and they have the power to
kill your project if you don't kowtow to them. They are obsessed
with "calibration of instruments." They don't understand that a
quick, qualitative check of hot spots with a survey meter so you
know to stay away from them contributes much more to safety than
entering calibration dates and serial numbers into logbooks
every time an instrument is used. They do not understand,
for example, that every time one uses a multimeter to check
continuity, one calibrates the meter exactly to the required
precision by touching the leads together.
On top of the colossal burden imposed by all this "safety"
accounting, I understand that, triggered by the abuses at
Stanford, another chunk of the DOE budget will be siphoned off to
pay a host of new accountants to look for more possible abuses.
Then, on top of all these troubles are we are supposed to
tolerate a real cut of 10%?
I feel that DOE funded science is already done for, and NSF
funded science is not much farther from its demise. Unless we
can get some money all the way to the people who are really doing
the research I don't see much hope for the future of US science.
You may be the only one who can carry this message to the Bush
administration.
On the personal side, Jody and I have suffered a tremendous
tragedy. Our house in Oakland with all our personal memorabilia
and valuable possessions was destroyed in the Oakland Fire
Disaster. The things we lost go back even to the Lilac Drive
days and include a large and valuable library, artworks, and all
my 16mm movies of the children growing up, my movies of physics
conferences including the Rutherford conference starring you
along with such old timers as Kay Way and Brian Flowers. We are
perhaps lucky that we were not in Oakland at the time. Twenty-
five people in our neighborhood died.
I wish I had more cheerful news to report.
Best regards,
/sign/
Charles D. Goodman
(The signature is prerecorded and I can't shorten it.)
Present address:
Institut fuer Kernphysik
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
D-5170 Juelich, Germany
Charles D. Goodman
1885 Grand View Drive
Oakland CA 94618
Dr. D. A. Bromley
Presidential Science Adviser
The White House
Washington, DC, 20500
This letter was electronically transmitted and distributed by MCI Mail
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Call 800-444-6245 for information about sending MCI Mail
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 18, 1991
Dear Charles:
First of all, I am terribly sorry to hear of the loss of your home and all your
belongings. I can appreciate what an enormous disaster this must be for you and
Jody and I am afraid that there is nothing that anybody can say that really will help.
One of my associate directors here in the office had the fire burn up to his rear steps
but, fortunately, it stopped at that point so he came perilously close. Unfortunately,
as you note, a number of his neighbors, in fact, died in the fire.
With this disaster facing you I am sure that your stay in Germany is no where near
as pleasant as you had hoped that it would be and I am sorry about that.
Perhaps a little on the sunnier side, I think that I can assure you that the situation
in nuclear physics will, in fact, not be any where near as bad as the rumors had
suggested would be the case, and I do not anticipate a cut at all in the overall
funding for the field. What you heard about was something of a trial balloon.
With respect to the Tiger Teams, I understand completely what you tell me and have
heard it from a great many others. Unfortunately, the Teams found a number of
truly egregious situations in some of the national laboratories and this has provided a
basis for a much more sweeping approach than I think anyone had anticipated at the
outset. I have been told by a number of directors of the major laboratories that, for
all practical purposes, they have been shut down for a number of months first,
because of the safety Tiger Team and, subsequently, because of a second wave of
Teams investigating procurement and accounting practices. Unfortunately, once
something of this sort develops a momentum of its own, it is almost impossible to get
it stopped, but I understand only too well the difficulties that are being created and
am talking with the appropriate people here in Washington to see if we can get
activities refocused on research.
I am very sensitive to the point you make about NSF where year after year, although
the total Foundation received significant increases, the brand name sciences received
inflationary increases, if that. This year we requested an 18% increase for NSF as an
institution, and further requested a 16% increase for the basic sciences. The Congress
has responded almost completely to our request so I hope that fiscal year 1992 will be
a substantially better one than in the past for NSF grantees. We have also boosted
the funding for individual investigator initiated research through NIH by close to 10%
so that side of the house will see some improvement as well. The situation in DOE
is, of course, more difficult because of the construction projects at CEBAF, RHIC,
Fermi Lab, and, of course, SSC. All of this is still somewhat up in the air and will
be sorted out within the next few months.
It was good to hear from you but I am sorry that your news was so tragic.
Let me take the occasion to wish you and Jody as happy as possible a holiday and as
rewarding as possible the remainder of your stay in Europe.
With warmest best wishes,
Sincerely yours,
D. Man Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Dr. Charles Goodman
Institut fuer Kernphysik
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
D-5170 Juelich, Germany
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
ORIGINATOR: 02
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125064
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
EVERETT, J.L.
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/02/91
SUBJECT: RE: HIS VIEWS ON THE HTGR REACTOR AND THE NEW
PRODUCTION REACTOR.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
12/13
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
why not send has a personal rote ?
("welcane your express of support /- HTGR -
may call an you /a help in the future,
TC 1tc - )? -
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/10/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Karl
5064
RECEIVED
MR. J.L. EVERETT, III
91 DEC 10 All : 39
185 Egret Lane
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
(407) 231-6263
GSTP
MAIL ROOM
December 2, 1991
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President for Science and Technology
360 Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Dr. Bromley:
Before I retired in 1988 I was Chairman and CEO of the
Philadelphia Electric Company, having served prior as V.P. of
Engineering and Research, Executive V.P., and President.
During my years I had responsibilty for the Company's nuclear
power program staring with Peach Bottom Unit No. 1, an HTGR
prototype power plant. We operated that unit for about 5
years, in the 1960's and through 2 cores. We would have
continued to operate the plant except for its size. 40 Mw
electric was just too small to be economical.
I understand that the Administration together with the
Department of Energy is in the process of making decisions
about the next production reactor for tritium production.
While it was a relatively small prototype of a power plant,
Peach Bottom No. 1 had most of the characteristics of a large
scale plant. I believe the experience we had in operating
that plant should be of importance in evaluating the alternate
types of reactors for the new production reactor.
First and foremost the Peach Bottom HTGR was an exceptionally
easy reactor to operate. Because of the huge amount of
graphite moderator in the core any power change whether
intended or inadvertent was felt very slowly. Temperature
changes were quite gradual and the operators had ample time
to take any corrective action if needed. With the burnable
poison built into the fuel, the temperature coefficients were
quite negative, which also made the reactor exceptionally easy
to control. A good many of our reactor operators from the
Peach Bottom HTGR were trained on the GE boiling water
reactors that went into commercial operation in the mid 70's.
I've heard them say many times that they wished the water
reactors were as easy to operate as the HTGR.
Second, the reactor plant was very clean to operate in terms
of controlling incidental plant radiation. Compared to any
water reactor it was much easier to live with, but compared
to a boiling water reactor it was a dream! The HTGR system
simply produces but a tiny fraction of the in-plant radiation
that a water reactor does. This not only reduces personnel
exposure, but reduces plant costs, and simplifies maintenance.
This was a considerable asset of the HTGR.
Finally, the HTGR would be an efficient power producer in
addition to producing strategic materials. It's inherent high
temperature system gives it the capability of producing
significant amounts of electrical energy, which is needed in
just about every region of the country. The production and
sale of that power should add to the economics of the system.
Successful deployment of the HTGR as a dual purpose machine
would provide another choice for utilities to add nuclear
capacity in the future, with environmental benefits as well
as much needed capacity.
I hope these few comments from one who has had first hand
experience with operating an HTGR power plant. In my opinion
it is definitely a superior system. If I can be of any
additional assistance I would be most happy to be of service.
Sincerely.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 15, 1992
Dear Mr. Everett:
Difficult as it may be to believe I do actually answer my mail and in this case I have to
begin with profound apologies for the long delay in responding to your good letter of
December 2 concerning the Nation's nuclear future and your experience with an HTGR
prototype.
I welcome your support for the HTGR approach and may very well call on you for help
in the not too distant future when we again turn to detailed discussions of the important
questions involved in developing a viable future civilian nuclear power option.
I myself have long been attracted by the intrinsic safety features and the high operating
temperature of the HTGR and less than impressed with the viable future of liquid metal
units.
I very much appreciate your taking the initiative to write to me. The experience of
someone like yourself can be invaluable to me in the months ahead. For the moment
please accept my thanks and I shall look forward to interacting with you in greater
detail in future.
Sincerely yours
D. Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Mr. J. L. Everett, III
185 Egret Lane
Vero Beach, Florida 32963
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125095
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
HECKER, S.S.: LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/02/91
SUBJECT: A THANK YOU LETTER TO DR. BROMLEY FOR HIS HELP WITH
THE SUPERCOMPUTING '91 CONFERENCE. HE ALSO IS
ENCLOSING INFORMATION ON LOS ALAMOS AND WHAT THEY
NEED TO DO TO BECOME MORE COMPETITIVE IN THE FUTURE.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT: 12/18/91
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
CLOSED
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/13/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: B-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Pres
5095 I
UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA OF
Los Alamos
Los Alamos National Laboratory
of the University.of California
THE
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
1868
91 DEC 13 All December 2, 1991
OSTP
The Honorable D. Allan Bromley
MAIL ROOM
Science Advisor to the President and
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
The Old Executive Office Building
17th Street and Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington DC 20506
Dear Allan:
Just a brief note of thanks for helping us out with the Supercomputer 9I
Conference. Your keynote presentation was superb. It provided an inspiration for the
thousands of computer oriented people present.
I also greatly enjoyed our dinner. It was very gracious of you to give us so much
time. As we discussed, the national laboratories face some extraordinary challenges in
the next five years. First, we must define a mission that is of unquestioned national
need. This, I believe, is what helped make the nuclear weapons laboratories so valuable
over the years. In the future, we will need multiple missions. I enclose a recent House
testimony that describe what laboratories such as Los Alamos can contribute in the
nondefense arena. The common element in all of these areas is using and fortifying our
core technical competencies. One of these competencies is high-performance computing.
I enclose a brochure about the Advanced Computing Laboratory at Los Alamos that you
may find interesting.
Second, we must change the way we operate our laboratories to reflect the
numerous changes in public opinion and federal bureaucracy. I enclose an article that I
wrote following the closeout of the Tiger Team at Los Alamos. I hope it provides you with
some insight to what I believe we need to do to become more competitive in the future.
Thanks for you continued interest in the laboratories. Don't hesitate to call if I or
any of my staff can be of service to you.
Sincerely,
Sig
S.S. Hecker
Director
Encl: Inside Story
Oct. 9 Testimony
SSH:bly
November 15, 1991
The Inside
Story
by Sig Hecker
The audit is over; now what?
The Tigers are gone. What's next? I want to share with you my remarks at the final close-out
by the Tiger Team leaders last Friday. But first I want to thank all of you who have worked so
hard to get us through this difficult time. Thanks to you we have made a lot of progress.
How did we do and what did we learn?
The team leaders' hour-long report demonstrated that we have many problems and a long way
to go to get into compliance. The Tiger Team raised very important issues, not the trivia that one
may have expected from Tiger Team folklore. For example, it raised serious concerns in how we
deal with fire protection, emergency preparedness, confined spaces/limited egress and
lockout/tagout procedures, all of which impact worker safety. The team raised our awareness of
the importance of protecting the environment.
The tigers had many concerns, but numbers alone do not tell the whole story. The number of
findings was high because there were lots of tigers - 168 at the height of their visit. We also
gave the tigers a good road map - our hard-hitting self-assessment. Then there is the nature of
our Laboratory. We have operational diversity (we work with everything), geographic separation
(43 square miles), many aging facilities and organizational independence.
Our progress in attaining the desired environmental, safety and health culture did not go
unnoticed. The Tiger Team found a healthy attitude. We identified most of the problems
ourselves through our self-assessment. We have begun to lay out an action plan. None of our
facilities was shut down and the Tiger Team found no skeletons in our closet - not in safety and
health nor in the environmental arena. Most importantly, our operations do not pose a safety,
health or environmental risk to the public.
What did we gain from the Tiger Team process?
The direct benefits included developing the ability to assess ourselves. The match between our
self-assessment and the Tiger Team findings was 77 percent, the best of any Department of
Energy site to date. The Tiger Team helped us finish Round 1 of our comprehensive assessment.
We now have for the first time a baseline of where we are in ES&H compliance and the way we
do business. We also were able to learn from the tigers' experience elsewhere about best ES&H
and management practices, and our action-planning process is the beginning of a road map not
only for compliance but also for ES&H excellence.
We accrued numerous indirect benefits from the Tiger Team visit. The visit was one giant
team-building exercise - across groups, divisions, directorates, plus across support and services
and technical lines. All of us gained a much better appreciation for our ES&H professionals, both
those in divisions and in the Coordination Center. We accomplished a lot of on the job
management training in the past few months. We had the opportunity to watch a number of
people shine in a new environment.
All of us now have a better appreciation for ES&H accountability. We now know just how
important ownership is. We will apply the accountability lesson elsewhere. The Tiger Team
exercise also gave us the chance to take an introspective look at the rest of our operations.
What do we have to do now?
Officially there is a prescribed timetable for action that includes factual accuracy checks,
response on the more serious findings and an action plan. We are negotiating the timetables. We
have been working on an action plan since August, but we need more time to do the job right. In
other words, there's no time to relax.
The action plan will require significant changes in our operations and business practices. It is
not just a matter of fixing Occupational Safety and Health Administration violations. I will
continue to need help, ideas and cooperation from all of you. The time commitment and price tag
for strict compliance are staggering. Taken at face value, we could be consumed doing nothing
but corrective actions for several years.
Hence, we must set priorities based on risk; that is, take a sensible graded approach and focus
on the most significant problems first. Also, we must focus not just on compliance, but embrace a
revolution in our business practices. Let me explain.
Like the rest of you, I don't enjoy getting beat up. I died a thousand deaths during the daily
Tiger Team outbriefs. I don't enjoy reacting and spending the next five years working just to
come into compliance. Instead, I want to build a new way of operating our Laboratory. I want us
to be more productive and more efficient by adopting a quality management or continuous
quality improvement approach, which will at the same time also bring us into ES&H
compliance.
My goal is that in five years we will not only be the finest scientific laboratory in the world,
but also the best managed, most productive and most efficient - setting an example for ES&H
excellence in the process. I believe that this is a realistic goal. If one analyzes the Tiger Team
findings, one finds that most of the shortcomings are in the management process, not in our
facilities or our people. A quality management approach is all about managing better; doing
things right the first time and empowering everyone to contribute.
Quality management has also become a way of life in America's best companies. Companies
such as Motorola and Xerox have pioneered quality programs not just to comply with U.S. laws
and regulations, but to be competitive internationally. Motorola, for example, has increased the
quality of its products over a thousandfold in the 1980s. It now boasts a defect rate of 5 per one
million opportunities - and it is working to improve that!
Los Alamos is not a factory, but most of the common-sense principles of a total quality
management approach still apply. I plan to re-examine our organizational structure and how we
conduct business and begin implementation of a quality management approach in January. You
will all be involved because that's how the process works. I will need your help to make it work. I
will keep you informed.
We will also need DOE's help. Without full cooperation from DOE, quality management won't
work. The current way in which DOE develops and disseminates orders, regulations and
directives doesn't work. As we adopt formality of operations, so must DOE. We must have better
coordination and more trust and teamwork. We cannot continue to run parallel fire drills on
similar subjects with multiple DOE offices. The department must sort out the roles, missions
and protocols for its various offices and locations.
The University of California also will be crucial to our initiative. We are very encouraged by
the business-like approach taken by the university during the current contract renewal
negotiations.
Was the Tiger Team process necessary
and will we ever get back to science?
You bet, on both accounts! The Tiger Team exercise is much like the sight of the guillotine - - it
helps to focus your mind. It got us to move; to rally our forces. The Tiger Team process helped us
establish a baseline for the Lab's ES&H status and an appreciation for excellence. It helped us
develop the skills for self-assessment and to effect a cultural change.
The Tiger Team process itself has matured. Now it works. (I was very skeptical after watching
the Livermore outbrief in April 1990). The tigers are professionals. The process is much more
structured. And, the Lab was in a much better position to take advantage of the team's
experience. Some say the Laboratory took too long to respond. Maybe we did, but I have no
apologies because we are on the right track. Effecting a cultural change takes time in an
organization like ours.
We also will get back to science. The more crucial question is: Will the nation be able to afford
us? To succeed we must improve both technical and support operations to become more efficient
and the DOE must accept a sensible, graded, risk-based approach to dealing with ES&H.
We will rise to meet the challenges
Today, the Laboratory faces many other challenges. Our historic missions and roles are being
challenged by the incredible changes taking place in the world. I am confident that we will rise
to meet these challenges because we still have the best collection of people in the world. The
ES&H and business challenge is even a more serious one. We will have to do better to be
competitive. In other words, if we run our business well, the science will be easy to do. I need
your help to pull it off.
I also want to thank Jim Magruder and his Tiger Team for being so professional and working
hard to help us. Thanks to them, we learned a lot. Thanks also to the DOE Albuquerque and Los
Alamos offices. Their support during this trying time was excellent. I believe that it helped to
draw us closer together into a better working relationship.
Finally, thanks to all of you. The past few months have not been easy for anyone. I appreciate
the help and dedication that I received from each of you. With the attitude you displayed we will
meet the difficult challenges that lie before us.
thig
LA-UR-91-3350
October 1991
I
Los Alamos
Science
Serving the
Nation
I
October 1991
LOS ALAMOS
ADVANCED COMPUTING
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 18, 1991
Dear Sig:
Just a brief note to thank you for the material that you provided with
your letter of December 2. The brochure from the Advanced Computing
Laboratory is an outstanding one and I was particularly interested by
the document Los Alamos: Science Serving the Nation. You have made
a compelling case for the Laboratory and this document will be
extremely useful to me in providing support for science and generally as
well as for Los Alamos.
I much appreciated your warm hospitality while I was in Albuquerque
and the dinner with you and the other lab directors was of great interest
and the discussion I found to be extremely helpful.
Your approach to the Tiger Team activities is, I think, a very
constructive one and in the long run vastly more successful than
confrontational ones that have occurred elsewhere. Unfortunately, it is
certainly the case that some elements of safety were not observed as
carefully in the laboratories as they should have been, and it is also true
that in some cases the Tiger Teams over-reacted. The fact remains,
however, all of the labs must be operated in a safe manner and the
sooner we come to terms with that the sooner we can get back to doing
our primary business.
I regretted that I was not able to stay for more of the Supercomputer
'91 sessions because I was very much impressed by the general
enthusiasm that seemed to be present on every side, and the remarkable
quality of the exhibits which I was only able to see in the most cursory
fashion.
You will be pleased to know that the President signed the High
Performance Computing Bill a week ago in a signing ceremony in the
White House. I believe that this program to bring the United States
more fully into the information age is now off and running. Obviously,
your laboratory has been a major contributor in that area and I know
will continue in that role.
Let me take this occasion to wish you and your family a very merry
Christmas and a happy, healthy and rewarding 1992.
With warmest regards,
Sincerely yours,
Mar Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Dr. Siegfried S. Hecker
Director
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125008
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
SANDERS, Stephen J.: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/25/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORWARDING A COPY OF HIS LETTER TO SENATORS
DOLE AND KASSEBAUM, AND REPRESENTATIVE SLATTERY
REGARDING THE PROPOSED BUDGET CUTS IN THE DOE
NUCLEAR SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAMS.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Carl Bretscher
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/04/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
5008
UNIVERSITATIS AMERICANS
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66045-2151
RECEIVED
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY
910EC4 1991
913-864-4626
A 9 : 45
Fax 913-864-5262
Telex: 535004 DEPT PHYS ASTR
OSTP
U.S. Senator Robert Dole
MAIL ROOM
141 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20510
U.S. Senator Nancy L. Kassebaum
302 Russell Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
U.S. Representative Jim Slattery
1431 Longworth House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
Dear Senator Dole, Senator Kassebaum, and Congressman Slattery:
We are writing to ask your help in preventing a potentially disastrous blow to education in the
physical sciences in the United States. Changes proposed for the research budget at the Department
of Energy threaten to seriously undermine the future of basic science in our country. At risk are the
research programs in nuclear and high energy physics, two of the core subfields of physics.
On October 23, 1991, the Department of Energy asked the Nuclear Science Advisory
Committee (NSAC) to present a plan to anticipate a 10% reduction in FY93 funding from that of
FY92 (about a 15% decrease with inflation). At the same time, the National Science Foundation
asked NSAC for a plan assuming constant or slowly increasing dollars over the next several years.
(NSAC was formed at the request of the agencies to advise them on the priorities of the nuclear
science research community. In 1989, NSAC responded to the request of these agencies for a Long
Range Plan for the future of research in nuclear science in this country. After long and thorough
consultation with representatives of this community, they responded with a responsible, but austere
plan which the agencies have accepted to this point.) In addition, HEPAP, the similar committee for
the high energy physics community, has been given the same message, excluding only the SSC in the
consideration of the facilities at risk.
Such an abrupt and unexpected cut will negatively impact science education in many ways.
National research facilities such as Argonne, Berkeley, Brookhaven, Cornell, Fermilab, Los Alamos,
and Oak Ridge will need to cut back on the availability of their accelerators for university researchers.
This will make it more difficult for graduate students to obtain the data necessary for their theses and
to gain the necessary experience in experimental science. Support for research for university faculty
will become even more difficult to obtain. Since much of this latter support goes to salaries for
graduate students, summer salaries for faculty, and travel expenses for research activities at the
national facilities, this proposed cut will inevitably lead to a reduction in the number of students
entering graduate study in these important subfields of physics and a migration of students and young
faculty out of these fields. Nuclear physics is widely recognized for the strength of its graduate
student training. Our students become expert with the most recent advances in technology and many
go on to become leaders in civilian and defense industries, as well as related fields of research. These
are the people of the future in science and technology in this country, so it seems incredibly short-
sighted to make such cuts when the loss of leadership in these fields in this country is being deplored.
At the time the SSC was approved, it was done with the commitment that its funding would
not be done at a cost to the rest of nuclear science. That commitment now seems to have been
abrogated. Yet the current and upcoming students and the young faculty in physics are the people
who will be needed to make use of it.
Our programs at the University of Kansas in nuclear and high-energy experimental physics are
typical of those at other small to medium-sized universities. In nuclear physics, we and three graduate
students rely on the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory to obtain our data. In high-
energy physics, four faculty, five graduate students, and a research associate make similar use of
CESR, the electron accelerator at Cornell University. Either or both of these programs are in danger
of elimination, or severe curtailment in both direct support and the laboratories we use, with the
proposed cut.
While we recognize that none of you are on the committees which are giving initial
consideration to the FY93 budgets of these agencies, you can help when these budget considerations
come to the floor. It would also help if you were to indicate your concern to the persons listed below
to whom we are sending copies of this letter.
Sincerely,
Stephen J. Sanders
Stephen J. Sanders,
Francis W. Prosser
Associate Professor of Physics and
Professor of Physics and
Chairman,
Associate Chairman,
ATLAS Users' Executive Committee,
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Argonne National Laboratory
The University of Kansas
cc: Admiral James D. Watkins, Secretary of Energy
Dr. D. Allan Bromley, Science Advisor to the President
Dr. William Happer, Director of Energy Research, DOE
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124988
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
AGNEW, Harold
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/25/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORWARDING A COPY OF A LETTER FROM SENATOR
NUNN TO ADMIRAL WATKINS REGARDING THE NEW PRODUCTION
REACTOR AND THE RESIGNATION OF DR. MONETTA.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/03/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Allan
Strange happenings
Horld
Document Originally
Attached to
Following Page
: Allon,
I talked to Monetta.
Something fishy is going on
4988
RECEIVED
United States Senate
STUEC'S 20
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
WASHINGTON. DC 205 10-6050
OSTP
MAIL ROOM
November 14, 1991
The Honorable James D. Watkins
Secretary of Energy
Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20580
Dear Mr. Secretary:
We are writing to respond both to your widely publicized
letter/press release td Senator Nunn of October 31, 1991, and to
your announcement of November 1, 1991, regarding the postponement
of a decision on the future of the New Production Reactor (NPR),
so as to study the implications for the Department of Energy (DoE)
of the President's September 27, 1991 speech.
The President's speech took place after both the House and
Senate had approved the National Defense Authorization Bills for
Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993. Thus, the conferses on this
legislation found themselves faced with a series of issues not
originally contained in either bill that had to be addressed.
This occurred both as the direct consequence of the weapons system
cancellations the President announced, and as a result of the
implications of his speech for other programs.
The President's speech makes clear that there will be
substantial returns of nuclear weapons, and, therefore,
substantial additions to the supply of tritium available to
support our remaining nuclear weapons stockpile. Similarly, the
announced accelerated retirement of all Poseidon-class ballistic
missile submarines leaves us with a large surplus of W-76
warheads. The W-76 may be acceptable as a near-term substitute
for the W-88 warhead on the new Trident II missile. These
decisions raise several important questions for the DOE:
-Does the K-reactor need to be restarted either as an urgent
priority, or at all? If so, on what timetable?
-Does the Rocky Flats plant need to be restarted either as an
urgent priority, or at all? If so, on what timetable?
-What is in the best interest of the tax-paying public and
the national security--continued expenditure on obsolete
facilities or expenditure on new, environmentally sound,
replacement facilities that meet all modern safety standards?
-Are the Rocky Flats plant and the K-reactor capable of being
operated in a manner that will ensure adequate protection of
public and employee health and safety, and the environment?
2
TO answer these and other questions, Senator Warner, Senator
Thurmond and we, on behalf of the Senate Armed Services conferees,
proposed to the House conferees a provision that would require the
President, working with Secretary of Defense Cheney and yourself,
to prepare a report. This report would analyze the impact of
changing world events on the requirements for nuclear weapons and
on the Department of Energy Production Complex, particularly the
impacts on the K-reactor and the Rocky Flats plant.
The provision would have required the report to be submitted
before the Department expended more than 25% of the fiscal year
1992 funds for restart activities at Rocky Flats and for
K-reactor. It would halve allowed the balance of the funds (75%)
to be spent either for restart activities as the Department
proposed, or for accelerated construction of new facilities to
replace the K-reactor and the Rocky Flats plant, if that were the
President's decision. In discussions with your staff, our staff
emphasized that this provision would not have prevented restart of
the K-reactor, and the funding for restart would not have been
interrupted unless the President himself chose to do so.
It is the responsibility of the Executive Branch to make
budget recommendations, and to execute programs subject to
Congressional direction. The proposed provision would have been
entirely consistent with our constitutional responsibility to make
budget decisions on national security issues and to provide broad
policy guidance over the purposes for which funds are authorized
and appropriated. We view the provision as entirely consistent
with the separation of powers of two separate but equal branches
of government.
The conferses continue to question whether your department
should abandon its costly and time-consuming efforts to restart
and operate obsolescent facilities sporadically, in favor of
accelerated construction of new, modern, environmentally
acceptable facilities at appropriate locations. Therefore, the
conferees have agreed to a provision that would require an early
Presidential report and decision on the degree of urgency in
resuming production of tritium and manufacturing of plutonium
weapons components. This report is due by April 1, 1992. Timely
submittal of this report should provide answers to these and other
important questions.
As you are presumably aware, the Senate Armed Services
Committee Has repeatedly called for the expedited construction of
new reactor capacity for tritium production at least since 1988,
when it directed that the N-reactor be placed on cold standby. In
the Statement of Managers accompanying the Conference Report on
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1989, the
conferees declared that the construction of an NPR on an
urgent schedule should be the highest priority of the Department
of Energy in meeting the future special material needs of our
nuclear deterrent.' Yet when your Department's long-overdue
3
5-year plan was finally submitted to the Congress in August of
this year, the Committee first learned that funds proposed for the
NPR program were inadequate to support a construction start before
fiscal year 1998. Thus, at least a decade will have passed
without a construction start on a new, modern capacity. DOE's
record in this matter certainly does not conform to the guidance
from the Congress.
Recent press reports indicate that you were irritated with
Dr. Dominic Monetta, the Director of the DoE Office of New
Production Reactors, and the contractor community because they
were supposedly lobbying the Senate to shift restart funding away
from the K-reactor and redirect this funding to the New Production
Reactor. These press reports also indicate that you assumed such
efforts were the impetus for the proposed provision. If the press
reports are acurate, you are dead wrong in making these
assumptions. Neither of us nor any member of our staffs -- nor,
to the best of our knowledge, any other Senator involved with this
provision -- ever had any discussions with Dr. Monetta or the
contractor community concerning this provision or its drafting.
However, even if the contractor community had been consulted
or had initiated the idea, these contractors, like any one else,
have an absolute First Amendment right to petition Congress and to
express their views. our national policy depends on the input
from a wide variety of sources, not just the Secretary of
Snergy. The Constitution vests these responsibilities in more
places than your office.
If Dr Monetta was forced out of DOE because of any perceived
involvement with this provision, or charges to that effect, he has
been dealt with most unfairly by you and your department. His
resignation last Monday was most unfortunate. The Department has
lost an extremely capable and talented manager.
The Armed Services Committee will be holding a hearing in the
next several months to review issues associated with tritium
supply and your decision to postpone the NPR, the status of the
K-reactor restart, and the current status of and proposed plans
for Rocky Flats. We would like to invite you to testify. Our
staff will be in touch with yours to determine an acceptable date
and time.
Sincerely,
Sam Nunn
James Exon
Chairman
Chairman, Subcommittee on
Strategic Forces and
Nuclear Deterrence
TUCK SAYS HE EXPECTS TO LEAVE POST FOR PRIVATE SECTOR BY YEAR'S END
DOE Under Secretary John Tuck last week confirmed that he is looking for a new job, saying he hopes
to arrive at a decision by the end of the year. Tuck, who has three children, said financial considerations
were prompting him to consider leaving the federal government for the first time in 18 years.
As a result of his job search, Tuck said he has recused himself from a number of decisions at DOE that
might involve contacts with prospective employers. He declined, however, to identify the firms with which
he had had contacts. While Tuck is DOE's chief operating officer, he is best known for his role in oversee-
ing management of the department's nuclear weapons program.
"I'm trying to get my affairs settled by the end of the year," Tuck said, explaining that he wants to
help assure that the White House and Energy Secretary James Watkins have time to decide on a
replacement early next year. One of his major remaining tasks at DOE, he said, will be to help complete
plans for the department's portion of the FY-93 federal budget request.
"Watkins has been extremely good in allowing me the latitude to make this gear change," said Tuck,
who is taking a two-week vacation.
DOE on Thursday issued a response to inquiries regarding Tuck's status, including rumors that he had
resigned under pressure. "Under Secretary Tuck has recently talked to the secretary about overtures he has
received from the private sector, which have caused him to think about the long term financial needs of his
family," Press Secretary Joseph Karpinski said. "John is still considering these opportunities and it will be
totally his decision when and if he decides to accept a position other than the one he currently holds."
The 46-year-old Tuck, who has three young children, has worked either in Congress or in the executive
branch since he left the Navy in 1973. He served as an aide to ex-Sen. Howard Baker, R-Tenn., both in
Baker's capacity as Senate majority leader and when he later became chief of staff to President Reagan. He
joined DOE in 1989.
CITING FRIENDSHIP WITH EBASCO LOBBYIST, GAULT WILL AVOID NPR DEBATE
Polly Gault, chief of staff to Energy Secretary James Watkins, has agreed not to participate in DOE's
program to select a technology for the new production reactor because of a "long-term friendship" with a
lobbyist for the heavy water reactor design team, Gault acknowledged last week.
Gault recused herself from deliberations on NPR technologies in July, after intervening in the NPR
environmental impact statement process at the request of the lobbyist. Gault said last week she decided to
remove herself from the NPR process because of her friendship with Daryl Owen, former staff director of
the Senate Energy Committee and now a lobbyist for Ebasco Services Inc., one of the leaders of the heavy
water reactor contractor team. Owen is a partner in the firm of Hooper Hooper & Owen.
Gault acknowledged that she got involved in the NPR EIS process after Owen raised concerns with her
regarding the fairness of the DOE procedure, in which the department was comparing the heavy water
technology with a competing modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor design. The fairness concerns
were also raised by the Environmental Protection Agency, which questioned several aspects of the EIS,
including DOE's comparison of an HWR capable of producing the nation's full requirement of tritium with
that of an MHTGR capable of meeting only half that requirement (IE/FL, 19 Aug, 8).
Following EPA's comments and Gault's intervention, the agency subsequently modified its EIS to
reflect sion. a full-requirement MHTGR, consisting of eight modules, instead of the previous four-module ver-
Early this month, however, DOE announced it will roll the NPR EIS process into a separate document
that considers the environmental impact of reconfiguring the entire weapons complex. That is expected to
delay the selection of a reactor technology, originally set for this month. for at least two years.
Gault last week said her intervention was proper and did not represent a conflict of interest. "To make
INSIDE ENERGY/with FEDERAL LANDS November 25, 1991
3
sure the process works right is not in my opinion a conflict of interest That is my job," she said. Saying she
is not technically qualified to assess the two technologies, Gault added that her intervention never went
beyond addressing the fairness issue.
"My main point was to assure DOE was not discouraging anyone at EPA or elsewhere from comment-
ing freely, or criticizing if need be, on the EIS," Gault said.
Nonetheless. responding to perceptions of favoritism stemming from her friendship with Owen, and
despite what she said was advice from DOE's general counsel that a recusal was not necessary, Gault did
recuse herself in July from all matters relating to NPR technologies.
Gault also said she recused herself at the same time from any matter relating to Lockheed Corp.,
due to a separate friendship with a lobbyist for that firm whom she declined to name. She noted that
Lockheed is expected to bid for environmental remediation management contracts at several of DOE's
cleanup sites. Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Co. is also listed among clients of Owen's firm.
"I have never been asked by either [Owen or the Lockheed lobbyist] to do anything improper for them,"
Gault asserted. Her recusals "went way beyond requirements" of government ethics laws, she insisted,
because she had no financial interest in either case.
Gault also denied that Watkins' Nov. 1 decision to postpone the selection of an NPR technology and
site had anything to do with his anger at Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga.. chairman of the Anned Services Commit-
tee. as several publications have reported. "It's absolutely not true" that the postponement of up to two
years was related to Watkins' unhappiness with proposed language in the Defense Dept. authorization bill
that would have delayed Rocky Flats and Savannah River restart activities, she said.
Watkins, had concluded after "10 to 15" meetings on the EIS and the candidate technolo-
gies, and as a result of President Bush's September announcement of dramatic nuclear arms reductions. that
he was not ready to make an NPR decision. The timing of the NPR delay announcement, one day after
Warkins fired off an angry letter to Nunn, was due to Watkins' desire to suspend the EIS process prior to
the scheduled selection of a preferred technology and site late this month.
Gault also denied that Dominic Monetta, former director of the Office of New Production Reactors. had
been fired or told to resign by Watkins, as several published reports have indicated. She said Monetta sub-
mitted his resignation on his own because he was "unhappy that the (NPR EIS] process was delayed."
David Kramer
ATLANTA UTILITY ATTACKS DOE FOR COMMENTS ON INDUSTRIAL BYPASS PLAN
A natural gas utility in Georgia has denounced DOE for what it called "an off-the-record attempt to
influence" a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission proceeding in which FERC refused to order an inter-
state pipeline to connect with a manufacturing plant. Atlanta Gas Light Co. urged the commission to reject
a suggestion by DOE that it reconsider its decision.
DOE immediately defended its handling of the matter. A department official said it would continue to
look for other regulatory cases in which it can promote objectives of the Bush administration's national
energy strategy.
Meanwhile, FERC issued a notice Thursday giving parties interested in the case until Dec. 3 to com-
ment on DOE's position.
DOE's overture in a case involving Arcadian Corp., a New Jersey-based fertilizer producer, was one of
two agency aqempts to champion energy strategy goals by taking stands on individual regulatory cases
(IE/FL, 18 Nov, 6). The department argued that Arcadian's attempt to arrange a direct link between its
Augusta, Ga., plant and the Southern Natural Gas Co. pipeline system represented the type of competitive
transactions advocated in the administration's strategy.
Southern refused to provide the connection, a move supported by Atlanta Gas Light, which would
otherwise lose its sales to the plant. Arcadian then appealed to FERC. but was turned down by the
commission in May.
"Atlanta strongly condemns this ex parte communication." the utility said of the Nov. 7 letter sent to
FERC by Deputy Secretary W. Henson Moore. "Not only does such an off-the-record attempt to influence
the Commission violate the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure, and the Department of Energy
Organization Act. buttit denies the due process procedural protections of the Fourteenth Amendment," the
utility said in a Nov. 15 filing at FERC.
Atlanta Gas Light acknowledged that FERC rules allow DOE to comment to the commission on pro-
ceedings in which the department has "no official interest." but it contended that Moore's letter "by no
means falls within this safe harbor exception." It added: "The leuer is a flagrant attempt to coerce the Com-
mission into changing its original decision." Atlanta Gus Light also complained to FERC that to the best of
INSIDE ENERGY/with FEDERAL LANDS - November 25. 1991
A Book
of Nonsense
EDWARD LEAR
There was an Old Person of Bromley,
Whose ways were not cheerful or comely;
He sate in the dust,
Eating Spiders and Crust,
That unpleasing Old Person of Bromley.
LOOKING GLASS LIBRARY
DISTRIBUTED BY RANDOM HOUSE, INC.
NEW YORK
Alan,
131
Crusts are O,K.but no
spidets please!
See you on 12/11/91 at noon
Hauld
"Document Control"
TYPE:
MEETING REQUEST
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124979
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
MERRIFIELD, D. Bruce: WHARTON SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF
PENNSYLVANIA
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/25/91
SUBJECT: HE REQUESTS TO MEET WITH DR. BROMLEY REGARDING SOME
SORT OF PRO-ACTIVE CIVILIAN TYPE DARPA WHICH IS NOT
MISSION LIMITED, BUT WOULD BE MANAGED AND OPERATED
IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED: AS APPROPRIATE
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
12/17/91
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
INDUSTRIAL
D. Allan Bromley
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
CLOSED
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/03/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE:0 PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Pres
4979
Sol C. Snider
Entrepreneurial Center
Vance Hall 4th Floor
3733 Spruce Street
Wharton
RECEIVED
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6374
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
(215) 898-4856
FAX: (215) 898-1299
91 DEC 3 P4:17
November 25, 1991
Dr. D. Bruce Merrifield
OSTP
Walter C. Bladstrom
MAIL ROOM
Visiting Executive
Professor of
Entrepreneurial Management
The Honorable D. Allan Bromley
Director
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Old Executive Office Building, Room 176
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Allan:
Since "escaping" from the Commerce Department in 1989, I've been
participating with an ad-hoc group (see attached list) to promote
"precompetitive, generic, critical technologies" -- such as the High
Performance Computing Initiative. In particular, we've been working
behind the scenes with people on the Hill to understand the need for
some sort of pro-active civilian-type DARPA which is not mission-limited
like DARPA, but would be managed and operated in the private sector.
We would much appreciate your thoughts along this line, and General
Bernard Schriever, Admiral William Hauser, General Burt Edelson,
Jim Fletcher and I would like to meet with you for your guidance. I'll
check in with your office, in a few days to see if you may have an
opening on your schedule.
If you have questions, the best place to reach me is my Washington
office at the American Electronics Association (202/682-9110).
Sincerely,
The
DBM:efs
Attachments
05/02/91 15:25 CENTER FOR SECY POL (202) 466-0518
p.001
TECHNOLOGY POLICY WORKING GROUP
Address, Phone & Fax List
2 May 1991
Mr. David C. Acheson
Mr. Bob Everett
Vice Chairman
Mitre Corporation
Atlantic Council of the U.S.
Burlington Road
1616 H Street, NW
Bedford, MA 01730
Washington, DC 20006
Work: (703) 695-4157
Work: 842-8834 347-9353 9353
Fax: 1 (617) 271-7999
Fax: 842-8465
Dr. Jim Fletcher
Mr. Robert Andrews
Consultant
Director, Congressional Relations
NASA
Rockwell International, Inc.
400 Maryland Ave., SW
is
2687 Marcey Road
Washington, DC 20546
Arlington, VA 22208
Work: (703) 486-5448
Work: (703) 553-6807
Fax: 755-2568
Fax: (703) 553-6812
Dr. John S. Foster
Mr. Norm Augustine
TRW, Inc.
Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
1 Space Park, Bldg. E2, Rm. 11085
Martin Marietta Corporation
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
6801 Rockledge Drive
Work: 1 (213) 812-1846
Bethesda, MD 20817
Fax: 1 (213) 814-4615
Work: (301) 897-6000
Fax: (301) 897-6028
Mr. Frank J. Gaffney, Jr.
Director
Lt. Col. Butch Byrd
Center for Security Policy
Air Force Fellow
1250 24th Street, NW #600
American Enterprise Institute
Washington, DC 20037
1150 17th Street., NW
Work: 466-0515
Washington, DC 20036
Fax: 466-0518
Work: 862-5800
Fax: 862-7178
Lt. General Daniel O. Graham USA (Ret.)
Chairman
Dr. Burton I. Edelson
Americans for the High Frontier
Fellow, Foreign Policy Institute
2800 Shirlington Road, #405A
SAIS
Arlington, VA 22206
1619 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Work: (703) 671-4111
Washington, DC 20036
Fax: (703) 931-6432
Work: 429-2800
Fax: 663-5782
05/02/91
15:25 CENTER FOR SECY POL (202) 466-0518
p.002
"
Adm. William D. Houser
Mr. Thomas Pownall
President
Chairman, Executive Committee
Interfax Inc.
Martin Marietta Corporation
2430 Fort Scott Dr.
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U. S. INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS
FUNDING OF HIGH-RISK LONGER-TERM INVESTMENTS
IN NEXT-GENERATION "CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES"
Rationale
U. S. industrial competitiveness in a hyper-competitive global
marketplace increasingly will depend upon accelerated conversion of basic
research discoveries (where the U. S. has a commanding lead), into
generic technologies which are advanced to the point where industrial
firms can further develop them and commercialize leading edge products,
processes and services. The $24 billion of annual basic research invest-
ments now being made in the U. S. are 10 times greater than any other
nation has the in-place capability to duplicate --- resulting in most of
laboratories. the Nobel Prizes and most of the scientific break-throughs for U. S.
However, these seminal discoveries are far from commercialization.
Most of the eventual cost and risk of development is still ahead, and often
beyond the capacity of most companies to undertake alone. Barriers to this
technology-transfer and the further development process, so urgently needed,
include bureaucratic regulations, a lack of industrial experience in
university and Government lab personnel responsible for transfer, and above
all, a lack of availability of risk capital at justifiable costs, for early
stage investments, where ultimate commercial potentials are still nebulous.
Current Sources of Funding
The Federal Government currently funds about $70 billion in R&D, of
which about 80% is contracted out to private sector laboratories. However,
this work largely is mission-restricted, and may or may not have industrial
(dual-use) potential.
For mission-restricted work, the Government is the built-in customer
and the technology transfer process, therefore, is built-in. However, for
industrial uses the transfer of technology process is weak to non-existent,
even though the authorization through the Technology Transfer Acts and
through specific Presidential directives¹ has been in place for many years!
Also, except for DARPA, the Government funding process has been through
grants and procurement contracts, and tends to be reactive rather than pro-
active in seeking out next-generation possibilities --- a critical deficiency!
The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) at Commerce is a recent departure,
in that it is not mission-restricted, and the Government is not the primary
customer. Also, it requires shared funding with industry, but funding still
is very limited, relative to demand, and the process still is reactive rather
than pro-active. Finally, the ATP program does not have authorization to fund
1
See attached table of authorizations and directives.
-2-
research in universities or Government labs, where much of the nation's best
technical talent is located, and where the seminal discoveries are being
made that need risk capital to begin the transfer process.
DARPA is a unique Government agency which has annual funding of about
$1.3 billion, and is an exception in that it is pro-active. DARPA has no
labs of its own, and therefore contracts out all funds to the best sources
of talent and capabilities --- wherever they may be in large or small
organizations, Federal laboratories, universities, corporations, or consortia.
Nevertheless, it still is mission-restricted to military needs, and only
recently has had limited authorization to be involved in collaborative R&D
arrangements.
DARPA, however, has been remarkably successful in its operation,
particularly in generating generic technologies which have had enormous
industrial value --- computing, telecommunications, electronics, and advanced
materials. DARPA has had highly competent personnel on its staff who operate
with great flexibility. It has been very aggressive in searching out
innovative ideas, talented people, and capable organizations --- and has been
able to fund these at appropriate levels. It has been able to short-circuit
the bureaucratic process to start promising new projects quickly, and then
terminate those that appear less attractive. This combination of power,
talent and flexibility is lacking in all other Government research organiza-
tions (DOD, NASA, DOE, NSF, etc.). There is no civilian equivalent.
Possible Solutions to the Need for a Civilian "ARPA"
A civilian "ARPA" modeled on DARPA but without mission-restrictions and
with a strong market focus, could provide the missing pro-active initiative
needed to more effectively exploit the dominant U. S. advantage in basic
research. The fundamental understanding here (Exhibit I) is that once a
EXHIBIT I
INNOVATION PIPELINE
7-10 YEARS
IDEA
>
TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCT
PROTOTYPE
GENERATION
FEASIBILITY
DEVELOPMENT
& PILOT
INTERIM
PLANT
MANUFACTURE
COMMERCIALIZATION
INVENTION
TRANSLATION
10% COST
90% COST
GAP
R&D LIMITED
VENTURE
in Availability
PARTNERSHIPS
CAPITAL
01 Risk Capital
-3-
basic discovery is made (Boxes I and II), about 90% of the cost, time and
risk still lies ahead in translating that discovery (Boxes III, IV and V) into
something useful (Box VI). Moreover, currently the high-risk early-stage
seed funding (the bridge between Boxes II and III) has simply not been
available.
This is the gap that DARPA bridges so effectively, and is missing for
non-military opportunities. A pro-active market-focused industry-managed and
led "ARPA" could take a number of different forms (Exhibit II):
EXHIBIT II
FUNDING MODELS FOR CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
Organizational
Funding
Staff
Labs
Degree of
Program
Form
Source
Factors
Owned
Independence
Initiative
Govt. Agency
Budget
Civil
Problem?
Limited
Reactive
Appropria-
Service
Flexibility
tion
Govt. Corp.
Endowment
Small
None
Somewhat
Reactive
Plus Fund-
Independ.
Limited
ing
Private
Self-Funding
Small
None
Very Good
Pro-Active
Sector
Independ.
All three models above are feasible, but each has advantages and disadvantages:
A Government Agency might be established under the Technology Administration
at Commerce or in DOE, funded by Congress, and staffed by civil service
personnel, employing Government contracting procedures --- the sum total of
which would effectively limit the pro-active flexibility desired. Politically,
however, it may be necessary to build on existing capabilities rather than
create something new. DARPA operates under somewhat similar restrictions, to
those above, except that it has the advantage of having a built-in customer,
with massive funding, operating against clearly defined requirements (any
dual-use opportunities are a side-benefit).
A Government Corporation might operate as a Federally funded R&D center
(FFRDC), which would be established with an endowment. The operating latitudes
would include ability to fund R&D work in both Government and private sector
labs. The Government would retain a good deal of control through ownership,
but the corporation would operate outside the civil service framework, and
therefore could command a level of management competence and flexibility much
greater than that in a Government agency. Industrial interests and market
focus might be integrated in some degree through industrial participants on
an advisory board.
-4-
4 Private Sector organization might take the form of a corporation
or Limited Partnership, which could have maximum flexibility and access to
the highest level of technical competence. The Government would lose a
measure of control to private interests, but it still might retain con-
siderable influence by inserting policy guidance in its charter, or by
acting as a private investor or customer in the enterprise. However, the
organization might not always work in ways consistent with the views of
Government agencies, even becoming competitive with Government programs, or
with industrial firms as well. As a private sector organization, it could
become self-funding through royalties, or by taking equity positions in
successful developments. If established as a Limited Partnership, it would
provide incentives for investment by companies, by pension funds, by venture
capital funds or by syndicated groups of individual investors.
If modeled after COMSAT, the organization would be Government-chartered,
but privately funded and staffed. The Government would have the opportunity,
and might agree at the beginning, to invest in the corporation, or be a
supplier to or a customer of the corporation. Staff competence and pro-active
flexibility would be assured.
The Limited Partnership organizational model is of particular interest
for a private sector
operation of this sort
(Exhibit III). In this
EXHIBIT III
model, the limited
Limited Partnership Management Model
partners (far right)
can include companies
Limited Partners
as well as Government
Advisory
agencies and passive
Board
o
investors such as
Companies
0
pension funds. Limi-
0
ted partners are in-
sulated from liability
Master Limited
s
o
and antitrust concerns
Pension Funds and
Partnership
o
by this organization
Other Passive
o
(properly structured),
Investors: Syndicated
o
Etc.
Groups of Individuals
which has been much
used, and is well
Operating
Operating
0
documented. Profits
LP - 8
LP - A
Federal, State and
from successful
o
Local Agencies
developments flow
back to the limited
o
partners (without
double taxation as
* Royalties, Tax Benefits
in a normal corporation)
Depreciation Allowances, Etc.
but proportional to their initial investment. This allows disproportionate
investments to be made from any source. Also, depreciation allowances, and
any other tax benefits automatically flow back to the limited partners. The
master partnership retains the pro-active flexibility to seek out leading
edge investment opportunities which are set up as sub-limited partnerships
and can have additional limited partners if desired.
5
Eventually, a successful development can be spun off to the
limited partners, can go public as a new company (providing
liquidity for the investors), or can be operated as a "cash cow"
for further investments.
Summary
The U.S. retains a commanding lead in basic research which
will continue to result in Nobel Prizes and most of the next-
generation seminal discoveries. However, these discoveries often
have remained latent in university and Government laboratories,
because of bureaucratic impediments, lack of experience in the
technology transfer process, and most importantly, the lack of low
cost risk capital.
The remarkable success that DARPA has experienced for military
needs over the last 30 years, could be replicated in the civilian
sector by a similarly constituted pro-active organization, whose
mission would be one of catalyzing the process needed to exploit
the U.S. advantage in basic science. This advantage is not
questioned, but the follow-through has been limited, providing
opportunities for other nations to cherry-pick the best discoveries
for subsidized development.
Several types of feasible organizations are outlined above
which might provide the needed capabilities. However, more
important than the form of organization, is the clear recognition
of the problem, and the elements that constitute the problem. U.S.
industrial competitiveness increasingly will be dependant upon
solutions to this problem.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 18, 1991
Dear Bruce:
I remember with great pleasure the occasion when Joe Weneser, Herman
Feshbach and I visited you during your stay at Commerce and we were
delighted to find that, among a great many people with whom we talked
during those travels, you were the only person whom we felt fully
understood what we had in mind.
I am, of course, aware of your continuing efforts to promote
precompetitive technologies and have welcomed that support because I
really do feel that we have an enormous opportunity that could be
tremendously beneficial to the country and, at the same time, an
opportunity that we could very easily lose.
I would be happy to talk with the distinguished group that you
mentioned in your letter of November 25 and will look forward to
hearing from you. My telephone number is 202/456-7116.
You mentioned the need for a civilian-type DARPA and I do have some
concerns about such an organization. In my view, the reason that
DARPA has been as successful as it has been is in significant measure
because it was always extremely clear who the ultimate customer was--
the Defense Department. I am concerned that, given the present
tendency toward pork activities in the appropriations committees, a
civilian DARPA would very quickly be looked on as the happy hunting
ground for such activities and I am worried that further departure from
a focus on excellence and clear mechanisms for quality evaluation, peer
review, and the like will seriously damage our overall science and
technology enterprise.
I look on the advanced technology program out of NIST as something of
a pilot program and must say that I have been very pleased by the first
series of awards and very supportive of an expansion of that program.
In any event, I would look forward to talking with you and your
colleagues as would a number of my senior associates, so please do give
me a call so that we can arrange to get together.
In the meantime, let me wish you a very merry Christmas, and a happy
and healthy 1992.
Sincerely yours,
Mean
D. Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Dr. D. Bruce Merrifield
Snider Entrepreneurial Center
Wharton School
University of Pennsylvania
Vance Hall 4th Floor
3733 Spruce Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9125007
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
KRANE, Kenneth S.: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/22/91
SUBJECT: HE IS FORWARDING A COPY OF HIS LETTER TO DR. TOWNES
REGARDING THE PROPOSED 10% BUDGET CUTS IN THE
NUCLEAR SCIENCE PROGRAMS AT DOE.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 12/04/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
DEPARTMENT
50007
OF
PHYSICS
RECEIVED
91 DEC 4 A 9 : 46
OSTP
MAIL ROOM
November 22, 1991
Professor Charles H. Townes
OREGON
Chair, SEAB Task Force
STATE
Physics Department
UNIVERSITY
557 Birge Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
Weniger Hall 301
Corvallis, Oregon
97331-6507
Dear Professor Townes:
We were shocked and dismayed to learn of the proposed 10% cut
in the FY93 budget of the nuclear science programs of the Department of
Energy.
Perhaps no other group in the scientific community has been as
responsible as the nuclear scientists in the wise and careful use of its
resources. As a community, we have repeatedly faced the problems of
terminating funding for facilities that have contributed substantially to the
field but that have passed their era of primary contributions at the
forefront of research. Our community has wrestled with these painful
decisions and taken these necessary actions only after significant public
discussion of the impacts and alternatives. It was therefore especially
disappointing to learn of these proposed reductions in addition to the
orderly but already significant phase-outs recently recommended by NSAC.
Telephone
503-737 4631
We are especially concerned with reports that these funds are being
Fax
stripped from the research budget in order to fund other DOE programs,
including SSC and the facilities clean-up. The national support of the
scientific community for the SSC has been based on the assurance that
funding for its construction and operation would not come at the expense
of other ongoing DOE research programs. The proposed action by DOE
suggests that this is no longer the case.
With RHIC, CEBAF, and KAON becoming realities, there is the
promise of an exciting decade for nuclear science. Secure funding for
University researchers in theory and experiment will attract new graduate
students into the field. The hiring and support of junior faculty will
maintain the vitality that has characterized our field in previous decades.
These proposed draconian budget reductions, however, send a signal to
young researchers that this is not a field in which support for research is
likely to be found in the future. The resulting damage to our field will be
catastrophic and irremediable, affecting not only nuclear science itself but
a host of allied fields, including developments in computational techniques,
nuclear medicine, energy policy, and environmental preservation.
OREGON
STATE
This reduction comes at a time when research costs are rising
UNIVERSITY
particularly rapidly. Those who travel to accelerators for their research
are suffering from the doubling of air fares in recent years. Substantial
tuition increases at both public and private universities have put additional
strains on research budgets. Increases in recent years have been
insufficient even to keep pace with inflation. The deteriorating
infrastructure of our research facilities has been well documented in
studies by NSF. Even a level budget scenario means a considerable
scaling back of our research activities.
At our University, research in nuclear science involves the
undersigned faculty plus more than a dozen graduate students and at least
as many undergraduates. Our researchers have not only produced
significant contributions to the field of nuclear science, but have also
shared their expertise with other researchers on campus. Our
computational group is the campus leader in applying computers to the
solutions of complex problems, and we have developed new graduate and
undergraduate courses that teach these techniques to a broad spectrum of
students. Our experimental group has shared its skills with researchers in
other fields such as solid-state physics, which has now become the leading
research group in the U.S. in applying nuclear techniques to the study of
such problems as defects in solids and high-temperature superconductivity.
In recent years our highest University award for research in basic science
has gone to one theoretical nuclear scientist and two experimentalists from
other fields who use nuclear techniques in their work. Our impact on
students in the basic and applied sciences thus goes far beyond the
boundaries of nuclear science.
We respectfully urge you to consider the impacts of these proposed
reductions in the DOE budget and to provide opportunity for the nuclear
science community to respond to these proposals in the orderly fashion
that has characterized its response to previous budgetary crises.
Sincerely yours,
Kennets the
Vactor A. Madn
Kenneth S. Krane
Victor A. Madsen
Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics
Department Chair
OREGON
STATE
UNIVERSITY
Rahbadon Rubin H. Landau
Philip J. Siemens
Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics
Walter foucland
Walter Loveland
Albert W. Stetz
albut W sty
Professor of Chemistry
Professor of Physics
Counne G. Manogu
F Dayne Swenson
Corinne A. Manogue
L. Wayne Swenson
Assistant Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics
pc:
Dr. D. A. Bromley
Executive Office of the President
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Old Executive Office Building
Room 360, 17th and Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20506
Dr. William A. Happer
Director of Energy Research
U.S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585