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Global Change Research Program (2) [1 of 3] [1990]
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Global Change Research Program (2) [1 of 3] [1990]
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Records of the White House Office of Science and Technology (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Allan D. Bromley Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
foia Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
Global Climate Change Files
OA/ID Number:
62051
Folder ID Number:
62051-003
Folder Title:
Global Change Research Program (2) [1 of 3] [1990]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
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Position:
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 4'qo
Dr. Michael Baskin:
Dear Michael:
Sary it task so long to
get Пшъ you but and to
fund out what our arrangement
with WSGS really was.
Dhare full full to sachup
the travel estimate fyon think
thus one too lew.
Butregards.
Asian.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 4, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR JOHN H. SUNUNU
FROM:
MICHAEL J. BOSKIN
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Quan
SUBJECT:
CONTRIBUTIONS BY CEA AND OSTP TO THE GLOBAL
WARMING ISSUE AND RESULTING BUDGET PROBLEMS
We are writing to express our concern over the mismatch
between our existing resources and the prominent role the
President wants CEA and OSTP to take on the global warming
issue.
To undertake its role, CEA is going to need one senior staff
person working on global warming on a full-time basis. Our
senior staff resources are already stretched very thin, and
taking away one of our few senior staffers to work on this
issue will dramatically reduce our ability to work on other
important economic policy matters: the forecast, trade,
monetary policy, etc. The CEA has already taken on
significant extra responsibilities. For example, even our
very limited financial contributions to the Presidential
mission to Poland and our membership on the Structural
Impediments Initiative with Japan have a significant impact
on our minuscule budget. The CEA travel budget is
especially tight and is already more than fully accounted
for (we are already relying on 501 (c) (3) and on other
government agencies to help us pay a significant share of
our travel expenses).
OSTP is also very thin in personnel with a single staff
member having the responsibility for science and technology
matters relating to energy and the environment. Recently
she has been spending essentially all her time in work
relating to the DPC Working Group on Global Climate Change.
To continue that work and take on the additional
organizational responsibilities for the April science and
economics research conference that we are co-chairing, OSTP
will require additional staff assistance and like CEA,
additional travel support. It too is currently relying on
501 (c) (3) and other agencies for administrative travel
costs.
To enable OSTP to proceed it has obtained the services of a
liaison staff member from the U.S. Geological Service at no
cost for a period of 3 months--one now past. On his
departure it will be essential for OSTP to replace him for
the coming year with an appropriate detailee for whom OSTP
will pay 50% of the total compensation package.
It would seem easiest and most sensible to resolve these
funding and personnel problems by tapping a small amount of
EPA's or NASA's budget to help OSTP and CEA. In addition to
some travel expenses and specific consulting expenses
associated with organizing the April conference--totalling
an estimated $20,000 for both CEA and OSTP, it would be
especially helpful to CEA if funding could be provided for
one senior personnel slot for CEA as soon as possible
(estimated cost roughly $75,000) and to OSTP if similar
funding could be provided to cover 50% of a similar salary.
We would thus request your help in making available about
$132,500 to enable us to proceed effectively to implement
the President's immediate global change program.
We shall much appreciate your help.
Rm 360
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
DATE: 12-21-89
TO:
Damar Hawkins
FROM:
Steven Landefeld SL
Attached is a draft of the letter we
discussed. Dr. Boskin is leaving tomorrow
afternoon, and he would like to get this to
Governor Sununu before he leaves. Could you
please fill in the OSTP blanks (including
rough dollar amounts) along with any other
suggestions you may have and try and get it
back to me by 10:00 a.m.
Many thanks.
Attachment
December 21, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
MICHAEL J. BOSKIN
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
SUBJECT:
Contributions by CEA and OSTP to the
Global Warming Issue and Resulting Budget Problems
We are writing to express our concern over the mis-match
between our existing resources and the prominent role the
President wants CEA and OSTP to take on the global warming issue.
To undertake its role, CEA is going to need one senior staff
person working on global warming on a full-time basis. Our
senior staff resources are already stretched very thin, and
taking away one of our few senior staffers to work on this issue
will dramatically reduce our ability to work on other important
economic policy matters: the forecast, trade, monetary policy,
etc. The CEA has already taken on significant extra
reponsibilities. For example, even our very limited financial
contributions to the Presidential mission to Poland and our
membership on the Structural Impediments Initiative with Japan
have had a significant impact on our miniscule budget. The CEA
travel budget is especially tight and is already more than fully
accounted for (we are already relying on 501 (c) (3) and on other
government agencies to help us pay a significant share of our
travel expenses).
Invert Ahere
OSTP is also very thin in personnel, but they have been able
to obtain a detailee from the U.S. Geological Survey and their
immediate concern is with
budget
funding and personnel problems by tapping a small amount of EPA'S or
It would seem easiest and most sensible to resolve these
NASA US budget to help OSTP and CEA. In addition to some travel
expenses It would be especially helpful to CEA if NASA
could pay for one senior personnel slot for CEA as soon as
funding inadiatal cived be
possible (estimated cost roughly $75,000) and toostic
regrided
and, specific consulting expenses conductince totalling OSTP it
an associated estimated with 320, for both findua coz
would be
antinum
be provided if to cooer
smilar salary
B
me would They request That you helpin mahing
available about 132,500 toenable us to
praceed efactuely to implement The Presidenti
minediate global change program.
Mee shall much appreciatiyou help.
A
staff member having The performsibility for sciend ad
OSTD walso anythin in personal with a single
technologymatter relating to evergyoud The time environment.
markpilating The DPC warking gump georal
spending epentually all bee M in
climate change. 20 continue That work and take
for The April science Jandeconomic perearch conflience
on the additional erganic atimal responsibility
OSTP willpequire additional
staffansertance and like CEA additional travel
support. 94 too is currently relying on 501(c)(3)ad
otheragencies fn almortits entre travel costs.
20 enable OSTPtoproced it has obtained The pervices
ga liaison staffluember from the US Geolrg, cal
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esential fn OSTP to replace him fn
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: 1-19
TO: alan Bromley
FROM:
ANDY CARD Andy
Do you know anythin
about a Global Warmy
confrence that the National
Academy of Sciences is
hosting 1/24 ?
Terms
1st this invitation
"INVITATION FOR DR. BROMLEY"
is for WEDNESDAY...
TYPE: Invitations/speeches
DOCUMENT NUMBER:
You are scheduled for
a possible Murder
SPEECH:
Board.
YES
NO
and you have a FOCSET
FROM:
FRANK PRESS
meeting from 3:30 to
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
5:00.
DATE OF EVENT: 01/24/90
LOCATION OF EVENT: WASHINGTON, D.C.
Accept Cont mahe MN
Regret
TIME OF EVENT: 01:30PM
its se
SUBJECT:
INVITE TO ATTEND AS A SPECIAL GUEST AT A DISCUSSION
ON GREENHOUSE WARMING.
RSVP:
01/24/90
CONTACT PERSON: DEBORAH STINE
CONTACT NUMBER: (202)334-1250
INVITATION ACCEPTED?
YES
NO
COPIES TO:
Nancy Maynard
-
James Wyngaarden
REMARKS: 1/22/90 Regretted to Deborah Stine for DAB.
Informed hancy Maynard.
DATE OF LETTER:
01/09/90
DATE RECEIVED: 01/16/90
FILE:
NEOB
9036143
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, NW WASHINGTON. D.C. 20418
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
January 9, 1990
The Honorable D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Old Executive Office Building Room 358
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Allan:
The Honorable Daniel J. Evans, Chair of the Panel on Policy Implications of
Greenhouse Warming, and I would like to invite you as a special guest to an important
discussion of scientific controversies surrounding the "greenhouse effect" to be held by the
study panel at the Academy on January 24, 1990. We are also inviting Admiral Watkins,
Mr. Reilly, and Governor Sununu. The open session portion of the meeting will begin at
1:30 pm at the National Academy of Sciences Building, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. in the Lecture Room.
Congress directed EPA to commission the Academy to evaluate policy options for
mitigating and responding to climatic change. It also asked the Academy to "establish the
scientific consensus on the rate and magnitude of climate change." The meeting of the
study panel on January 24 will include presentations from scientific experts with a range
of views on the greenhouse effect. They will address two topics: First, what will be
indicators that greenhouse warming is occurring, and when will we be able to say whether
or not greenhouse warming has happened, if at all? Second, what do models predict, with
what uncertainties, and what is the time scale for reducing the uncertainties? The list of
scientific experts taking part in the discussion is enclosed for your information. The
discussion will likely be lively, and should provide a clear review of the current state of
scientific understanding of greenhouse warming.
I have also included a short description of the panel and its membership. We hope
that you will be able to attend this very important discussion as well as join us for a
reception and dinner that evening. The dinner should provide you with a chance to
interact with the panel and its guests for the evening. The invited dinner speaker is Dr.
Fred Bernthal from the State Department. If you have any questions, please contact
Deborah Stine at (202)334-1250 or Lawrence E. McCray at (202)334-2424.
Yours sincerely,
Dearle
Frank Press
President
Enclosures (2)
CC: Nancy Maynard
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GREENHOUSE WARMING
MITIGATION PANEL ROSTER
Thomas H. Lee (Chair), Professor Emeritus, Department of Electrical
Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts and former director of the Laboratory for
Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (Member NAE)
Peter G. Brewer, Senior Scientist, Chemical Oceanography, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Program
Director, Marine Chemistry, National Science Foundation
Robert Crandall, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC
and former deputy director, Council on Wage and Price Stability
*Richard N. Cooper, Professor of Economics, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts and former Under-Secretary of State
Robert E. Evenson, Professor of Economics, Economic Growth Center, Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut
*Robert A. Frosch, Vice President, General Motors Research Labs, Warren,
Michigan, former Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, and former Assistant Executive Director of the United
Nations Environment Program (Member NAE)
Richard Garwin, Fellow, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown
Heights, New York, former consultant, President's Science Advisory
Committee, and former chair, National Research Committee's Solar Energy
Research Committee (Member NAS, NAE, IOM)
Joseph Glas, Director, Freon Products Division, E. I. du Pont,
Wilmington, Delaware
Kai N. Lee, Associate Professor, Institute for Environmental Studies and
Department of Political Science, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington, former member, advisory panel on radioactive waste disposal,
Office of Technology Assessment, and member, NAS Board on Radioactive
Waste Management
Gregg Marland, Scientist, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
*Jessica T. Mathews, Vice President, World Resources Institute,
Washington, DC and former Director of the Office of Global Issues at the
National Security Council
Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Professor of Physics, University of California,
Berkeley, and Director, Center for Building Science, Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, Berkeley, California
Mitigation Panel
-1-
Edward S. Rubin, Professor, Mechanical Engineering & Public Policy
Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Carnegie-Mellon
University, former member National Research Council Energy Research
Board, and former member advisory committee on national air pollution
control technology, US EPA
Milton Russell, Professor of Economics and Senior Fellow, Energy,
Environment and Resources Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee, Collaborating Scientist, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee, and former assistant administrator for policy,
planning, and evaluation, US EPA
*Stephen H. Schneider, Head, Interdisciplinary Climate Systems, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado and an expert on
global climate models
Eugene B. Skolnikoff, Professor of Political Science, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts and member, advisory
committee on science and technology, US Department of State
Thomas H. Stix, Associate Director of Academic Affairs, Plasma Physics
Laboratory, and Associate Chairman, Department Astrophysical Science,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
*Maurice Strong, Under-Secretary-General, United Nations, Chair, Strovest
Holdings Inc., Ottawa, Canada, and former Director-General of the
Canadian Office of External Aid
Edith Brown Weiss, Professor, Georgetown University Law Center,
Washington, DC, former advisor, US arms control and disarmament agency,
and former member, National Research Council Water Science and
Technology Board
*Synthesis panel members
Bostc
Don Repect
Mitigation Panel
-2-
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL WARMING
EFFECTS PANEL ROSTER
*George F. Carrier (Chair), T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Applied
Mathematics, Emeritus, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and
chair of the 1985 NAS committee on Atmospheric Effects of Nuclear
Explosions (Member NAS, NAE)
Guy Brasseur, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
Colorado and an expert on climate models
Wilfried Brutsaert, Professor of Hydrology, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Robert D. Cess, Leading Professor, Atmospheric Sciences, State
University of New York, Stony Brook, New York
Herman Chernoff, Professor of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts (Member NAS)
John Imbrie, H.L. Doherty Professor of Oceanography, Department of
Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Member
NAS)
Thomas B. Karl, Meteorologist, Climate Research & Applications, National
Climate Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina
Michael C. MacCracken, Physicist and Division Leader, Atmospheric and
Geophysical Sciences, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of
California, Livermore, California and Principle Scientist, Department of
Energy's Carbon Dioxide Research Program
Berrien Moore, Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Earth,
Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
and member, National Research Council Committee on Global Change
*Synthesis Panel Member
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL WARMING
ADAPTION PANEL ROSTER
*Paul E. Waggoner (Chair), Distinguished Scientist, Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut and chair of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science Panel on Climatic
Variability, Climate Change and the Planning and Management of U.S.
Water Resources (Member NAS)
Jesse Ausubel, Fellow, Science and Public Policy, Rockefeller
University, Director, Studies in Science, Technology and Government,
Carnegie Institute, New York, New York, and former director, Programs
Office, National Academy of Engineering
Clark Binkley, Professor, School of Forestry & Environmental Studies,
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Mary M. Kritz, Department of Rural Sociology, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York and chair of the Committee on International Migration
of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
Joshua Lederberg, President, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
and recipient of Nobel Prize (1958) (Member NAS, IOM)
William Lewis, Partner, McKinsey & Company, Washington, DC, former
senior operations officer, the World Bank, and former assistant
secretary for policy and evaluation, US Department of Energy
Jon Liebman, Professor of Environmental Engineering, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
she
*William D. Nordhaus, Professor of Economics, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut, former member of the President's Council of Economic
Advisors and member of the 1983 NAS Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee
*Gordon H. Orians, Professor of Zoology and Director, the Institute for
Environmental Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
(Member NAS)
William B. Riebsame, Director, Natural Hazards Research and Applications
Information Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado and author
of the United Nations Environmental Programme volume Assess Social
Implications of Climate Fluctuation: A Guide to Climate Impact Studies
Norman Rosenberg, Senior Fellow and Director, Climate Resources Program,
Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, consultant to National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration and to the Water Resources Institute of
the US Department of Interior, and former member, National Research
Council Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate
Adaption Panel
-1-
*Sir Crispin Tickell, Ambassador to the United Nations from the United
Kingdom, New York, New York and author of Climate Change and World
Affairs
Daniel P. Sheer, President, Water Resources Management, Columbia,
Maryland and Technical Director, Interstate Commission on the Potomac
River Basin
*Synthesis Panel Member
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GREENHOUSE WARMING
SYNTHESIS PANEL ROSTER
Washington Daniel J. Evans (Chair), Daniel J. Evans & Associates, Seattle,
Robert McCormick Adams, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC (Member NAS)
George F. Carrier, T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Applied
Mathematics, Emeritus, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
and chair of the 1985 NAS Committee on Atmospheric Effects of Nuclear
Explosions (Member NAS, NAE)
Richard N. Cooper, Professor of Economics, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts and former Under-Secretary of State
Robert A. Frosch, Vice President, General Motors Research Labs,
Warren, Michigan, former Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, and former Assistant Executive Director of the
United Nations Environment Program (Member NAE)
Mahbub ul Haq, Special Advisor to the Administrator, United Nations
Development Programme, New York, New York
Thomas H. Lee, Professor Emeritus, Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts and former Director of the
Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (Member NAE)
I
Jessica T. Mathews, Vice President, World Resources Institute,
Washington, DC and former Director of the Office of Global Issues at
the National Security Council
William D. Nordhaus, Professor of Economics, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut, former member of the President's Council of
Economic Advisors and member of the 1983 NAS Carbon Dioxide Assessment
Committee
Gordon H. Orians, Professor of Zoology and Director of the Institute
for Environmental Studies, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington (Member NAS)
Stephen H. Schneider, Head, Interdisciplinary Climate Systems,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado and an
expert on global climate models
Maurice Strong, Under-Secretary-General, United Nations, Chair,
Strovest Holdings, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and former
Director-General of the Canadian Office of External Aid
Synthesis Panel
-1-
Sir Crispin Tickell, Ambassador to the United Nations from the United
Affairs Kingdom, New York, New York and author of Climate Change and World
Victoria J. Tschinkel, Senior Consultant, Landers Parsons & Uhlfelder,
Tallahassee, Florida and former Secretary of the Florida State
Department of Environmental Regulations
Paul E. Waggoner, Distinguished Scientist, Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut and chair of the American
Association for. the Advancement of Science Panel on Climatic
Variability, Climate Change and the Planning and Management of U.S.
Water Resources (Member NAS)
Synthesis Panel
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE. ENGINEERING. AND PUBLIC POLICY
PANEL ON POLICY IMPLICATIONS
2101 Constitution Avenue. N.W
OF GREENHOUSE WARMING
Washington. D.C. 20418
(202) 334-1517
For further information contact:
Rob Coppock Tel. 202-334-1517
Fax 202-334-1597
NAS/NAE/IOM Study on
Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming
At the request of Congress, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has
commissioned a study on policy implications of greenhouse warming by the
Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, a unit of the
councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The panel is expected to
prepare a report before the end of 1990.
Potential warming of the global climate is now of concern to governments
throughout the world, and was a major focus of the Paris economic summit
in June. But it is hard to assess the costs and benefits of
environmental policies, and it is even more difficult to achieve
international agreement on what to do about the human activities with
the greatest potential impact on global climate: stationary and mobile
burning of fossil fuels, use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
deforestation, and various releases of methane.
In light of this growing domestic and international concern, the study
will review research and analysis relevant to greenhouse warming. A
careful assessment will be made of existing data and what must be done
to improve current understanding of the underlying phenomena. The
report will include, if appropriate, recommendations for actions that
would be needed to mitigate and adapt to greenhouse effects if such
actions be warranted. It will examine both the underlying phenomena and
the expected efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions in a
comprehensive analysis.
A main focus of the study will be on policy interventions and their
relative effectiveness. Although the study will be addressed in large
part to U.S. policy officials, many of the options to be assessed may
require multinational effort. The study is expected to contribute a
careful, technically-sound review that will be of use to the Congress as
well as to the Executive Branch and the international community.
The study's "Synthesis" panel is being chaired by the Honorable Daniel
J. Evans, until last year U.S. Senator from the State of Washington.
Senator Evans, a registered civil engineer and former college president
was Governor of the State of Washington from 1965-77. He chaired the
Pacific Northwest Power and Conservation Planning Council from 1981-83.
Among other activities he is a member of the Board of Directors of the
Nature Conservancy.
In carrying out its charge, the Synthesis panel membership is being
augmented by three groups looking at three interrelated sets of issues.
[A] Direction and rate of change
The "Effects" group will assess current knowledge about climate
change and predictions of physical effects. The objective is to
judge the adequacy of present research, uncertainties in that
research, and ways our understanding could be improved. The
quality of the data record, uncertainties in the evidence, and time
and effort required to reduce uncertainties all need to be
examined. It may also be necessary to interpret existing
information in terms of new indices of warming (e.g., degree-years,
peak temperature), not just change in mean global temperature.
[B] Mitigation policies and their effectiveness
The "Mitigation" group will examine the range of policy
interventions that might mitigate changes in the earth's radiative
balance, assessing these options in terms of their expected
impacts, costs, and at least in qualitative terms, their relative
cost-effectiveness. This analysis will attempt to identify options
that could be implemented with reasonable confidence within a
decade, more speculative possibilities requiring substantial
additional development, and proposals that are not worth pursuing
because of faulty physics, chemistry, or biology.
[C] Adaptation strategies
The "Adaptation" group will examine both the consequences of
climate change and strategies for adapting to those changes. The
group will attempt to develop appropriate indices and units of
measurement; considerations include rates of change, peak stresses,
regional distribution, and timing. The analysis will attempt to
examine the sensitivity of systems or subsystems, their capacity to
adapt or adjust to changes, the speed with which this natural
adjustment can be accomplished, and possible interventions that
would help systems cope with anticipated changes. The group will
consider costs and benefits of such interventions and attempt to
set the stage for choosing among alternatives, including
examination of what will be done locally and privately and what
should be done by government, should actions be warranted.
The list of individuals participating in the study is attached.
National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering/Institute of Medicine
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
PANEL ON POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GREENHOUSE WARMING
Discussion of Greenhouse Warming Science Controversies
National Academy of Sciences Building
Lecture Room
January 24, 1990
Discussants:
James Hansen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Richard Lindzen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Gordon MacDonald, MITRE Corporation
Jerry Mahlman, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin.
Veerabhadran Ramanathan, University of Chicago
William Reifsnyder, Yale University
Kevin Trenberth, National Center for Atmospheric Res.
1:30
What will be indicators that greenhouse warming is occurring, and when will
we be able to say whether or not greenhouse warming has happened, if at all?
Opening statements:
James Hansen
Kevin Trenberth
3:00
Break
3:15
What do models predict, with what uncertainties, and what is the timescale
for reducing the uncertainties?
Opening statements:
Jerry Mahlman
Richard Lindzen
-
5:00
Comments from Audience*
Time permitting, members of the audience may make short
statements to the panel.
1/5/90
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 29, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR THE GLOBAL CHANGE WORKING GROUP
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Chairman
Duan
SUBJECT:
Meeting of the Global Change Working Group
There will be a meeting of the Global Change Working Group on
Tuesday, January 30, 1990 from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. in the Roosevelt
Room for principals only. Please call Dean Schultheiss at 456-
6722 if you are able to attend.
The issues to be discussed include (1) the guidelines for the
U.S. delegation to the plenary meeting of the IPCC, (2) the
President's speech to the IPCC and suggestions for the text of
his remarks, and (3) the dates for the White House Conference on
Science and Economics Research on the Environment.
Enclosed is a copy of the guidelines to the U.S. IPCC delegation.
The guidelines were prepared by an interagency working group
headed by OES at the State Department and reflect consensus
working level recommendations for U.S. policy. Two points
warrant specific consideration as you review the document:
(1) The first is the structure of negotiations of a climate
convention (see "Preparations for Negotiation of a Climate
Convention" on pages 8-11). The U.S. position has consistently
been that any climate convention, and the negotiation process
leading thereto, would follow the model used in dealing with the
stratospheric ozone problem -- a broad framework convention
calling for research and the exchange of data (the Vienna
Convention), followed by targeted protocols (such as the Montreal
Protocol on CFCs). Alternatives to this approach are (a) the
negotiation of a comprehensive framework convention that itself
contains specific provisions spelling out emissions reductions or
(b) the negotiation of a general framework convention accompanied
by concurrent negotiation of specific protocols.
(2) The second is the future of the IPCC (see "Future of IPCC"
on pages 13 and 14) and whether it should be the forum for
climate convention negotiations or whether those negotiations
will be conducted in another forum (e.g., the U.N. General
Assembly.
Please review the guidelines carefully and be prepared to make
any specific comments at Tuesday's meeting, as it is essential
that the Working Group act at that time. Also please be advised
that both documents are close hold. Please refrain from making
additional copies.
NATIONAL SPACE COUNCIL
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500
March 8, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR ALLAN BROMLEY
FROM:
MARK ALBRECHT
SUBJECT:
Global Change Research
The Vice President received the attached letter from Tom Lovejoy.
The proposals for specialized processing of Landsat data appear
to be particularly relevant to global change research. I wonder
if you or your staff might review these proposals and determine
if further action is needed. I would be happy to work with you
in making either of these proposals happen if you think they
merit federal attention.
Attachment
3/12/90
havey maynurd
comment
Alluson
RECEIVED
90 MAR 9 P5: 59
OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR
113451
MA
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
THE V.P. HAS SEEN
Washington, D.C. 20560
U.S.A.
February 9, 1990
The Vice President
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20501
the
Dear Mr. Vice President:
Thank you for the time you gave us Friday last at the
swearing in of PCAST. We had a good inaugural meeting at a misty
Camp David the following morning.
Governor Sununu and I talked at lunch about the Brazilian
deforestation problem and he encouraged me to be in touch with
you about the enclosed proposal. The basic problem is that there
is no single agreed upon number for the extent of Amazonian
deforestation. As a consequence a great deal of energy is wasted
arguing about what the number really is, rather than getting on
and doing something about the problem. The proposed binational
study is designed to resolve this: if NASA (with the National and
Air Space Museum) and INPE (Brazil's space agency) agree on a
number, it will be beyond criticism. The proposal was made with
science and technology funds for Brazil at the State Department
in mind, but it turned out that they had already been disbursed.
The International Space Year has an element in it which may bear
on this project which I am looking into now.
Martin Harwit, Director of the National Air and Space
Museum, has brought to my attention a similar but more modest
project with respect to Czechoslovakia. Martin had a visit
recently from President Havel's brother Ivan. The Czech
government is very concerned about the state of its forest and
would be grateful, indeed eager, for a Landsat analysis of forest
cover as per the enclosed. This would seem an excellent way to
help the Czechs help themselves?
Both these projects speak to the continuing major value of
Landsat over the next few years.
The Vice President
February 9, 1990
page two
As a member of PCAST I am both honored and pleased to help
in any way I can.
With all best wishes,
Sincerely yours,
Thomas Tom E. Lovejoy
Assistant Secretary for
External Affairs
TEL/crt
CC: Governor Sununu
Professor Bromley
encls. (2)
NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM
&
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560
February 7, 1990
MEMORANDUM TO: Tom Lovejoy
FROM: Martin Harwit Mark
SUBJECT: Landsat Studies of Deforestation in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia now has the most serious deforestation
problem in all of Europe. The country's once dense woodlands,
estimated to cover more than 25% of land area, are rapidly
deteriorating.
We can expect the problems now faced by Czechoslovakia
increasingly to afflict other industrial nations in the years
ahead. Coming to grips with the problem in this country may show
us ways to deal with it worldwide.
A delegation of Czech scientists will be in Washington next
week and wishes to discuss this issue. Soon thereafter, a visit
from President Havel is anticipated. One way the United States
could help this nation as it struggles to free itself from the
political and environmental damage inflicted during decades of
bureaucratic centralism, would be to provide assistance in coping
with this very serious problem.
The Smithsonian Institution houses one of the nation's
advanced image reduction and analysis facilities in the Center
for Earth and Planetary Studies of the National Air and Space
Museum. Its researchers have wide ranging experience in the
computer processing of satellite remote sensing data to cull out
the information required to deal with different physical aspects
of terrain. They are prepared to work with and train Czech
scientists in the use of these techniques to obtain maps designed
to highlight the scope and rate of deforestation. Their Czech
colleagues would conduct "ground truth" inspections of sites, in
order to calibrate and help interpret the satellite images, in a
recursive process that would ultimately lead to accurate mapping
of the deforestation in the entire country.
Information on the amount and rate of deforestation is
critical to defining the magnitude of the problem. Landsat
Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) data can
resolve areas of 80 meters and 30 meters, respectively, sampling
visible and infrared wavelengths. Thematic Mapper images are
available from 1982 to the present and MSS images are available
from 1972 to present. Thus it is possible to examine the change
-2-
in the forested areas over a 18 year period and establish a
monitoring program. Land-use classification maps of the forested
areas can be digitally generated using Landsat data. The amounts
of formerly forested area lost can be measured relative to both a
1972 and 1982 baseline. Quantitative estimates of the magnitude
and rate of deforestation can be made. A minimum of 56 Landsat
scenes are required to produce a mosaic that completely covers
the country for a given period. The total cost of image data
acquisition, computer processing, equipment, and labor is
estimated to be $200,000.
A Proposal Submitted to the Department of State
Office of Oceans and Environment
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL DEFORESTATION IN THE
AMAZON BASIN OF BRAZIL USING SATELLITE DATA
Submitted by
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
Principal Investigator:
Compton J. Tucker
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, Code 623
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA
(301) 286-7122
Co-Investigators:
Ross F. Nelson
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, Code 623
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
Alberto W. Setzer
Department of Meteorology
Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais
San Jose dos Campos BRAZIL
Patricia A. Jacobberger and Thomas R. Watters
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies
National Air and Space Museum
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20076 USA
Total Cost: $1,563,717 for 1 Year
May 2, 1989
SIGNATURE PAGE
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Compton Hucker J. Tucker, principal investigator
Pon J Nelson
Ross F. Nelson, co-investigator
James James A. Smith, a. Smith Head, Earth
Resources Branch
David E Smith, Acting Chief, Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
Sincent Salamonsonson toic
James A. Trainor, Director of Science
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SIGNATURE PAGE
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4
INTRODUCTION
4
Background
4
Satellite Remote Sensing
7
APPROACH
12
Data Acquisition
13
Basin-Wide Analysis: NOAA AVHRR
14
Basin-Wide Analysis: Landsat TM
15
RESULTS
17
COORDINATION/COOPERATION BETWEEN NASA AND NASM
18
COORDINATION/COOPERATION WITH INPE
19
REFERENCES
20
PERSONNEL
22
COMPUTER RESOURCES
24
BUDGET
25
INPE's HARDWARE UPGRADE
26
TIME TABLE FOR THE PROPOSED RESEARCH
27
CURRICULUM VITAE
28
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Tropical deforestation is occurring at a rapid and accelerating
rate. While this is accepted as fact for specific areas, there is
extreme controversey over the extent and rate of tropical deforestation
at country, continental, and global scales. Unless controlled,
tropical deforestation will result in the loss of over half of the
planet's plant and animal species and will significantly elevate
atmospheric concentrations of CO₂, CH4, and CO. It is imperative
to address this question immediately. Policy-makers and scientists
must know the actual extent of tropical forests and tropical
deforestation in order to formulate a conservation strategy if this
is needed.
A few deforestation studies have been performed for the southern
Amazon Basin of Brazil using satellite data coupled with ground
verification. This area, the states of Acre, Rondonia, and Mato
Grosso, is experiencing rapid, drastic and sometimes irreversible
changes due to intensifying human occupation. The most important
finding of these studies is the rapid and nonlinear rate at which
tropical deforestation is occurring in many areas of the Amazon
Basin of Brazil (figures 3 and 4).
We propose an expanded, comprehensive, and bi-lateral Brazilian-American
study of the deforestation and state of forests as of 1987-1989
for the entire Amazon Basin of Brazil using data from two different
satellite sensor systems coupled with a series of field verifications.
We will provide a comprehensive assessment of tropical deforestation
and forest state within 15 months after the work begins with an
accuracy of at least 80%. We will propose a continuation of the
research for successive years to determine year-to-year changes in
tropical deforestation in Brazil.
INTRODUCTION
Background
Tropical forests (including moist evergreen and seasonal forests)
once covered ~24,500,000 km² of the terrestrial surface (Whittaker
and Likens, 1975) and are now estimated to cover only -10,000,000
km² (Wilson, 1986). This dramatic decrease has generated widespread
concern and calls for tropical forest conservation. These concerns
can be traced to the fact that approximately 8,000,000 km² of
tropical land have been converted to agriculture, -3,000,000 km²
are under shifting cultivation, and ~3,500,000 km² have been
converted to pasture (Salati and Vose, 1983). The Amazon Basin
contains ~60% of our planet's remaining tropical forest with Brazil
containing ~50% of the global total (Mares, 1986). For this reason,
Brazil finds itself at the center of attention concerning conservation
of tropical forests (fig. 1).
Tropical forests are home to the greatest diversity of plant and
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX
Figure 1. Vegetation index map of South America derived from the NOAA advanced
very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data. The Amazon Basin is clearly delineated
as indicated by the arrow. Note the large porportion of the Amazon Basin within
Brazil (from Malingreau and Tucker, 1988).
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Preservation
animal life known on the earth and contain over half of our planet's
plant and animal species. It is estimated they contain in excess
of 5 million plant and animal species (Prance, 1982). Wilson (1986)
notes that ~1.7 million species have been described, -750,000
insects, -47,000 vertebrates, and -250,000 plants. Some workers
feel the number of total species could go as high as 30 million (Erwin,
1986). Taxonomists have only identified a small percentage of the
several million tropical species. One principal adverse effect of
tropical deforestation would be mass extinctions comparable to that
which last occurred ~60-70 million years ago at the end of the
Mesozoic era when the dinosaurs, among many other species, became
extinct. These mass extinctions will result from tropical forest
habitat destruction.
In addition to mass extinctions resulting from tropical forest
habitat destruction, indirect and disruptive effects on precipitation
patterns would also occur within South America. Salati and Vose (1983,
1984) have reported that ~50% of the rainfall falling in the Amazon
Basin is recycled. Tropical deforestation would disrupt longitudinal
profiles of precipitable water and cause much drier conditions in
the temperate zone of South America.
Widespread tropical deforestation in the Amazon Basin would also
result in significant additions to global atmospheric CO₂ (Woodwell
et al., 1983). The biological mass (biomass) of tropical forest
vegetation contains several centuries-worth of accumulated carbon.
The burning of large amounts of forest vegetation, and subsequent
decomposition, releases this carbon into the atmosphere as CO₂ over
a short period of time. Since the Brazilian Amazon now comprises
~50% of the remaining global tropical forest, the amount of CO₂
potentially to be released from deforestation is of global importance.
Brazil contains the majority of the tropical forests within the
Amazon Basin. The so-called 'Legal Amazon' covers ~5,000,000 km2
of which 70% is occupied by the non flooded (Terra Firme) forest.
The rest includes swamp forest, flooded grassland and cerrado (scrub
savanna). The difficulties of monitoring changes in this large
area have resulted in substantial disagreements on the extent of
deforestation. Recently, the World Bank published figures stating
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that -600,000 km2 of the Legal Amazon was "cleared" (Mahar, 1989)
while Brazilian sources state that only -250,000 km 2 was cleared
(Washington Post, 1989). These two reports from 1989 illustrate
the disagreement over actual figures for deforestation in the Amazon
Basin. Similar disagreements have existed historically over
deforestation rates for the Amazon Basin. Disagreement will continue
unless verifiable quantitative data are available.
Satellite remote sensing is the only means for resolving discrepancies
concerning forest area and rates of deforestation. Research by
Tucker et al. (1984), Nelson and Holben (1986), Nelson et al. (1987b),
and Malingreau and Tucker (1988) has shown that satellite remote
sensing can quantify tropical deforestation. There are no technical
reasons why these satellite-based techniques cannot be applied to
a large area like the Amazon Basin to resolve this controversy.
Satellite Remote Sensing
Tropical deforestation has been studied with Landsat, meteorological
satellite, space shuttle, and geostationary satellite data (Nelson
and Holben, 1986; Tardin et al., 1979 and 1980; Tucker et al.,
1984; Woodwell et al., 1983 and 1987; Nelson et al., 1987b; Malingreau
and Tucker, 1988). Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic
mapper (TM) data can resolve areas 80-m and 30-m in size, respectively,
and are collected every 16 days. This frequency of observation,
coupled with the high probability of clouds and the frequent presence
of smoke from forest-clearing fires, can result in useful data
being collected only every 1 to 3 years for areas of interest. This
frequency of observation is reduced if there is no Landsat receiving
station operating in the area of interest.
~200 Landsat scenes are required to completely map the Brazilian
Amazon. Fortunately, the Amazon Basin has frequent Landsat satellite
data available. The Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) of
Brazil has routinely collected and archived Landsat data from South
America since 1977. These data have already been proven successful
in detecting progressive deforestation (fig. 2).
It is our opinion that a method of stratification can be employed
-7-
July 24, 1981
July 23, 1984
Figure 2. Landsat multispectral scanner imagery (80-m resolution) from Mato
Grosso, Brazil showing the extent of deforestation between July 24, 1981 and July
23, 1984. Areas of deforestation appear as the blue colors while the undisturbed
forest appear as red colors (from Nelson et al., 1987b).
-8-
as suggested by Nelson et al. (1987a) to reduce the number of Landsat
scenes required for determining Amazon Basin tropical forest area
and deforestation from 200 scenes to 60 scenes. The stratification
will be based upon (1) a photographic mosaic of Landsat data compiled
for the entire Amazon Basin and (2) the analysis of 1 - km meteorological
satellite data. Detailed analysis can then be limited to 60 Landsat
scenes. This approach, using a combination of satellite data, will
provide the quantitative forest area and deforestation data required
while covering the entire Amazon Basin of Brazil.
Digital Landsat data must be used in many areas to determine the
extent of tropical forest area and deforestation in Brazil. Landsat
data can be easily ground verified because of their high spatial
resolution and, most importantly, they exist in appreciable numbers
since 1977 for Brazil because INPE has received and archived them.
Tropical forest area and deforestation have also been studied with
NOAA polar-orbiting meteorological satellite data from the advanced
very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) sensor carried on the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) satellites. These
satellites record imagery twice every day (0230 and 1430 hours for
NOAA-11 and 0730 and 1930 hours for NOAA-10). This high frequency
of observation usually results in a series of images which can
provide at least one cloud-free image of most tropical areas during
each year's relative dry season. The 1 - km ground resolution is
suitable for identifying large-scale deforestation (Tucker et al.,
1984; Malingreau and Tucker, 1988), and also can detect fires as
small as 1-2 ha in size (Kaufman et al., 1988; Setzer, 1988).
The AVHRR has three thermal bands which are useful for forest
studies. Tucker et al. (1984) have reported that the greatest
spectral contrast between forest and deforested areas was in the
3.5-3.9 um AVHRR channel. This channel is sensitive to temperatures
in the 0° to 100° C range. We have found this channel is the most
appropriate to detect cleared areas greater than 1 km² since a
substantially different radiation balance results in cleared areas
being warmer than adjacent land where forest still stands (fig. 3).
AVHRR data have been used since 1982 to study areas like the
Brazilian state of Rondonia with great success (fig. 4).
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19
DISTOPRED
MATO GROSSO
<-100
RONDONIA
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
CLOUDS
1987
Figure 3. Advanced very high resolution radiometer data from July 1982 (top)
and July 1987 (bottom) for the state of Rondonia. The line surrounding the points
where deforestation activities are taking place identifies the "disturbance area";
the lighter areas within are cleared of forest vegetation. Areas of naturally
occuring savanna were identified from existing vegetation maps and excluded from
further consideration. Note the dramatic increase in the extent of deforestation
within the main colonization area associated with highway BR-364 from 1982 to
1987. The 1982 data produced a deforestation estimate of -10,000 km² as compared
to -38,000 km² in 1987. Both satellite images are from the the 3.5-3.9 um thermal
channel of the AVHRR. The image covers an area of ~700 x 600 km(see also figure
4).
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SATELLITE ESTIMATES OF DEFORESTATION
50
40
DEFORESTATION (1000 km²)
RONDONIA, BRAZIL
(243,000 km²)
30
20
10
NASA/GSFC/GIMMS
O
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
YEAR
Figure 4. Deforestation in Rondonia from 1970 to 1988 showing the rapid increase
in clearing rates since 1980. The 1970 to 1980 data are from Tardin et al. (1980).
The 1982, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988 estimates are from the analysis of AVHRR
data at NASA/Goddard(Tucker et al., 1984; Malingreau and Tucker, 1988). Note the
changes in slope of the data line with time which indicates when the paving of
BR-364, a major highway, was started and when it was completed (see also fig. 3).
-11-
We propose to use a combination of Landsat 30-m ground resolution
data with 1-km data from meteorological satellites. This will
provide complete coverage of the Brazilian Amazon (from the NOAA
meteorological satellites) at a 1 - km ground resolution, with detailed
30-m Landsat data in areas where such detail is required to determine
areas of tropical forest and deforestation. In addition, we propose
to assemble a basin-wide mosaic of Landsat thematic mapper images
for 1987-1989. The mosaic will provide a relatively inexpensive
overview of the entire Amazon Basin, and will complement the
basin-wide 1-km NOAA data and selected digital scenes of Landsat
data.
APPROACH
A joint Brazilian-American program is proposed to assess the area
of the tropical forest and determine the areal extent of deforestation
for the Amazon Basin of Brazil using meteorological satellite and
Landsat data. To minimize the imprecision of what we mean by
deforestation in the context of this proposal, we use it herein as
the conversion of a forest canopy into a barren area or another
vegetation community dominated by grass, shrub, or field crops. It
is our intention to produce estimates for 1987-1989 of forest and
non-forest for the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Basin-wide data from
Brazil are available within the Laboratory of Terrestrial Physics
which summarize the spatial extent of vegetation types in the Amazon
as of 1970. These data will be used to insure that our forest
conversion figures are based upon areas which are/were naturally
forested. The proposed research will have as its major objective
to produce forest area and deforestation estimates for the entire
Brazilian Amazon within 15 months after starting with a quantitative
accuracy of at least 80%.
A carefully-selected group of Brazilian and American scientists
has been assembled, all of whom have detailed experience with the
analysis of satellite data and/or have analyzed satellite data from
the Amazon Basin of Brazil. It will be imperative to involve the
Brazilian Space Agency (INPE) in our proposed research. Not only
are there several Brazilian scientists at INPE with extensive
experience in analyzing satellite data from the Amazon, but the
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use of the INPE aircraft will be invaluable in our proposed program
of ground verifications. It is anticipated that the actual analyses
of the satellite data will be done in parallel. NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center and the National Air and Space Museum will divide
the Landsat thematic mapper analyses between them to achieve the
proposed research objectives. It is only by working in parallel
that the project can be completed and an accuracy level of at least
80% maintained within 15 months for the Brazilian Amazon Basin.
The proposed research will be accomplished as follows:
1. Data Acquisition
Immediately after the proposed project is approved for funding,
the principal investigator will visit INPE in Sao Jose dos Campos
and review all available Landsat MSS and TM data for 1987-1989 (note:
C.J. Tucker visited INPE in September 1988 and can attest to the
availability of cloud-free thematic mapper data for the entire
Amazon Basin for 1987-1988). An order will be placed at that time
for the most recent (i.e., 1987-1989) thematic mapper 30-m resolution
data in photographic form for the entire Amazon Basin (~200 images).
When these data are received, copies of them will be made at the
National Air and Space Museum's photographic laboratory and put to
three uses: (A) A photographic mosaic will be assembled at a scale
of 1:1,000,000 for the entire Amazon Basin by technicians at the
National Air and Space Museum; (B) 60 areas will be selected for
detailed digital analyses of forest/nonforest; and (C) 15 areas of
significant forest alteration (i.e., Rondonia, Acre, Mato Grosso)
will be selected; the Landsat thematic mapper photographic products
ordered for the red, near-infrared, and middle-infrared channels;
manual photo interpretation of the images into forest and non-forest
categories will be done; the results will be digitized; and
subsequently compared to the results of the Landsat thematic mapper
digital analysis to see if this inexpensive method may provide
accurate estimates of deforestation.
-13-
2. Basin-Wide Analysis: NOAA AVHRR
NOAA AVHRR meteorological data (1-km spatial resolution) will be
obtained every day during the relatively dry seasons for the entire
Brazilian Amazon Basin for the time period of May 1989 through
April 1990. These coarse-resolution data will be analyzed to detect
areas where activities associated with forest conversion are taking
place. Such activities (i.e. road opening, mining, logging, clearing
for agriculture, burning etc.) identify the areas where deforestation
is occurring (Tucker et al., 1984; Malingreau and Tucker, 1988; see
also fig. 3).
Daily AVHRR 1430 and 1930 hours data will be processed to screen
for fires, smoke, clouds, data dropouts, and to determine general
quality. Two different types of digital analyses will then be
applied to the AVHRR data: (A) Every day's data will be processed
during each region's burning season after the method of Kaufman et
al. (1988) to determine the location of fires, the area of smoke,
cloud cover fraction, and estimate the optical thickness of areas
which are "clear". The location of fires has been shown by Malingreau
and Tucker (1988) to be an excellent indicator of where forest
alteration is occuring. We propose to use it as an indicator for
selecting areas for detailed Landsat thematic mapper analysis; and
(B) Clear images from the entire Amazon Basin of Brazil will be
assembled and analyzed for deforestation by use of the 3.55-3.95
um channel as shown in figure 3. The method used to produce figure
3 is as follows: (1) Vegetation maps were consulted and only forested
areas were analyzed further to detect for deforestation. (2) Areas
of undisturbed tropical forest are selected and the mean and variance
produced. The mean 3.55-3.95 um forest value plus twice the standard
deviation of the same is used as the threshold for determining
forest/non-forest within the bounded area of interest. (3) This is
applied to the area of interest to determine the forest alteration
pixel count and then converted to spatial extent. (4) These results
are double-checked against Landsat photographic and digital data
from the same area. (5) Field verifications are made against the
Landsat photographic data to determine accuracy. Results from field
verifications in Rondonia from 1982, 1984, 1985, and 1987 have shown
the AVHRR deforestation estimates to have an accuracy of plus or
14-
minus 20% (Malingreau and Tucker, 1988).
AVHRR 1-km data are only useful for studying large-scale deforestation.
For this reason, it will be necessary to devote most of our effort
to analyses of Landsat 30-m data. Most of the deforestation in the
Brazilian Amazon is not as systematically organized as it is in
Rondonia (fig. 3).
3. Detailed Analysis: Landsat Thematic Mapper
Based upon the results from #1 (A) and #2, 60 Landsat scenes will
be selected for detailed analysis. These will be selected from
areas where the photographic mosaic and/or the analysis of the
AVHRR data indicate tropical forest alteration is occuring. Once
the 60 areas have been selected (each 185 km x 185 km), digital
thematic mapper 30-m data for 1987-1989 will be obtained from INPE
and analyzed. We propose to use the method of Nelson et al. (1987b)
to provide detailed assessment of tropical forest area and
deforestation. To expedite the proposed research, the principal
investigator will obtain ~10 Landsat digital thematic mapper scenes
while he is in Brazil and return with them to the USA. This will
enable the proposed thematic mapper digital analyses to start
immediately upon his return from Brazil.
Quantitative estimates of the extent of forest cover and deforestation
will be developed for the Amazon using an integrated sampling
procedure similar to one used by Nelson et al. (1987b). Multi-resolution
satellite imagery will be used in a three stage design. AVHRR 1-km
data and the thematic mapper photographic mosaic will serve as the
primary stage [see Approaches #1 (A) and #2], the thematic mapper
digital scene as the second stage, and blocks within the thematic
mapper scene as the third stage. AVHRR 1 - km data and the thematic
mapper photographic mosaic will be used to partition the entire
Basin into three strata: 1) forested areas beng actively cleared;
2) forest areas with little or no ongoing conversion; and 3)
nonforest. Active versus inactive forested areas will be differentiated
based on the ratio of cleared to forested area. The AVHRR 1-km
interpretation/stratification will be compared to the thematic
mapper photographic mosaic to verify the reliability of the
-15-
AVHRR-based stratification.
Landsat thematic mapper scenes will be randomly selected within
each of the three strata. A majority of the scenes (45) will be
selected in the forest/active stratum in order to provide an accurate
forest area and deforestation baseline in these rapidly changing
locations. The sampling concentration will facilitate accurate,
retrospective forest conversion rate studies in the event historical
satellite data are acquired in the high-activity areas. Fewer
scenes (15) will be allocated to the inactive forest and the
nonforest strata.
Each Landsat thematic mapper scene will be subsampled; full scene
processing will not be done. Sixteen systematically located sample
blocks will be used in each scene. Each block of data will
incorporate an area ~15 km on a side(~ 225 km²). This systematic
sampling approach will include 11 percent of the available digital
data in each TM scene. The Landsat digital data will be processed
in discrete blocks in order to circumvent problems associated with
intra-scene spectral variability and to reduce computer requirements.
Two stage cluster sampling procedures (which make up the second
and third stages of the overall design) will be used to convert
block estimates into thematic mapper scene and stratum estimates
of forest area.
The overall statistical design involves a two-stage cluster sample
procedure within a stratified random sample. Work by Nelson et
al. (1987a) in the continental U.S. has demonstrated the concept
and accuracy of this particular approach for forest area estimation.
The design permits the majority of the TM scenes to be allocated
to areas in the Amazon Basin where most of the conversion activity
is occuring. The procedures which comprise this study, and the
forest area estimates which result, will be repeatable. As such,
future studies of similar scope will be able to use these estimates
as a baseline for change estimation.
The Landsat thematic mapper digital analyses will be divided between
the image analysis laboratories of the Center for Earth and Planetary
Studies of the National Air and Space Museum and the Laboratory
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for Terrestrial Physics of the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.
This will permit the analysis to proceed in parallel for the various
selected areas in the Amazon Basin. Close communication will be
maintained between investigators at the National Air and Space
Museum and those at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center as these
organizations are less than 20 miles apart.
RESULTS
We propose to complete our determination of the extent and location
of deforestation within the Amazon Basin of Brazil within 15 months
after the proposal is approved. All of the results we propose to
produce will be geographically registered and thus will be compatible
with any geographic information system. At the conclusion of the
proposed research the following will be delivered to the funding
agency:
1. A Landsat thematic mapper photographic mosaic of the entire
Amazon Basin of Brazil at a scale of 1:1,000,000 (with 30-m
resolution) for 1987-1989. This proposed component will be directed
by P.A. Jacobberger and will be produced by technicians at the
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies who are experienced in
assembling mosaics. The resulting mosaic will be available for
display at the Department of State, National Air and Space Museum,
or for any other location at the decision of the funding agency.
2. Geographically-registered AVHRR data for the Amazon Basin of
Brazil from 1988-1989 showing (A) the frequency and location of
fire activity and (B) the 1 - km large-scale estimates of deforestation.
This proposed component will be directed by C.J. Tucker, Y.J.
Kaufman, and A. Setzer of INPE. This work will be conducted in
parallel at NASA/Goddard and at INPE in Sao Jose dos Campos. The
Brazilian government is interested in this work because it provides
information within a few hours on unauthorized forest burning.
This "fire monitoring" work has been done operationally at INPE by
Setzer since 1987.
3. Geographically-registered results of deforestation produced from
thematic mapper digital data for 60 Landsat scenes of the Amazon
-17-
Basin of Brazil from 1987-1989. This proposed component will be
directed by R.F. Nelson and will be performed in parallel between
researchers at the National Air and Space Museum who will analyze
20 scenes and NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center who will analyze 40
scenes. Nelson will work closely with P.A. Jacobberger and T.R.
Watters to accomplish this objective.
4. A comparison between deforestation results produced from manually
interpreted thematic mapper photographic products and the digital
analysis of the same thematic mapper data. If successful, this
would represent a major advancement in deforestation monitoring.
This proposed component will be directed by C.O. Justice of the
University of Maryland who works with Tucker under a cooperative
agreement between NASA and the Geography Department of his institution.
5. A final report covering all aspects of the analyses performed
under the proposed research. It is also expected that several
reviewed, scientific journal articles will result from the proposed
research activity. C.J. Tucker will be responsible for the preparation
of the final report.
COORDINATION/COOPERATION BETWEEN NASA AND THE SMITHSONIAN
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center will assume over-all technical
and financial management for the proposed research. The proposed
research involving the U.S.-based investigators will be highly
integrated on a day-to-day basis. It is anticipated that almost
daily exchanges of personnel will occur as the proposed analyses
progress. NASA/Goddard and the National Air and Space Museum both
share and have unique capabilities with respect to the proposed
research: NASA/Goddard is one of the most experienced scientific
groups in the analysis of 1 - km AVHRR data for deforestation
monitoring; The National Air and Space Museum is highly capable in
producing excellent mosaics as anyone who has visited there can
attest; and both organizations are skilled and experienced in the
digital analyses of Landsat thematic mapper data.
-18-
COORDINATION/COOPERATION WITH INPE OF BRAZIL
We propose to make every effort possible, with guidence and direction
from the Department of State, to involve INPE in the proposed
research. To facilitate this, $524,400 is proposed to be transfered
to INPE to support their involvement. One of the first activities
under the proposed research is for a meeting in Brazil between the
principal investigator and his INPE counterparts to map out a common
collaborative effort for the proposed research. A series of personnel
exchanges between INPE and the Goddard Space Flight Center/National
Air and Space Museum are anticipated and reflected in the budget
under travel.
It is the opinion of C.J. Tucker that a common program of work can
be (1) decided upon and, most importantly, (2) executed between
INPE and the U.S. investigators. Tucker has cooperated directly
with INPE since 1986 and is a co-investigator on the INPE Earth
Observing System (Eos) interdisciplinary proposal recently approved
by NASA/Headquarters.
The budget contains $524,400 ear-marked for INPE. $363,400 of this
amount will be spent in the U.S. to purchase U.S. -made equipment
to upgrade the INPE NOAA satellite receiving station; $110,000 is
for direct personnel support; $32,000 is to support the use of the
INPE aircraft for 4 field verification missions; $14,000 is for
travel (mainly to the U.S.); and $5,000 is to purchase film and
other supplies for the INPE aircraft to support the field verification
missions.
However, should it prove impossible to involve INPE in the proposed
work, it is mandatory that the proposed research be conducted and
not hindered nor adversely impacted by INPE's lack of participation.
The proposal is written in such a fashion that, if necessary, the
proposed research can be executed without INPE's scientific
involvement.
-19-
REFERENCES
Erwin, T.L. 1986. News and Comment. Science 234:14-15.
Fearnside, P.M., 1986. Spatial concentration of deforestation in
the Amazon Basin. Ambio 15:74-81.
Kaufman, Y.J., C.J. Tucker, and I.Y. Fung, 1988. Remote sensing of
biomass burning in the tropics. Advances in Space Research (in
press).
Mahar, D.J., 1989. Government Policies and Deforestation in Brazil's
Amazon Region. World Bank, Washington, D.C., 56 PP.
Malingreau, J.P. and C.J. Tucker, 1988. Large-scale deforestation
in the southern Amazon Basin of Brazil. Ambio 17:49-55.
Mares, M.A., 1986. Conservation in South America: Problems,
consequences, and solutions. Science 233:734-739.
Nelson, R.F. and B.N. Holben. 1986. Identifying deforestation in
Brazil using multiresolution satellite data. Int. J. of Remote
Sensing (3) 429-448.
Nelson, R.F., D. Case, N. Horning, V. Anderson, and S. Pillai.
1987a. Continental Land Cover Assessment Using Landsat MSS Data.
Remote Sensing of Environment 21:61-81.
Nelson, R.F., N. Horning, and T.A. Stone. 1987b. Determining the
rate of forest conversion in Mato Grosso, Brazil, using Landsat
MSS and AVHRR data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 8(12) 1767-1784.
Prance, G.T., 1982. Extinction is Forever, Columbia Univ. Press,
New York.
Salati, E. and P.B. Vose, 1983. Depletion of tropical rain forests.
Ambio 12:67-71.
Salati, E. and P.B. Vose, 1984. Amazon Basin: A system in equilibrium.
-20-
Science 225:129-138.
Setzer, A.W., 1988. Relatorio de atividades do projecto IBDF-INPE
"SEQE" Ano 1987, Relatoria INPE-4534-RPE/565 (Instituto Nacional
de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos).
Tardin, A.T. et al., 1979. Levantamento de areas de desmatamento
na Amazonia Legal atraves de imagens do satellite Landsat. Relatoria
INPE 411-NTE/142 (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, San
Jose dos Campos). .
Tardin, A.T. et al., 1980. Relatoria INPE 1649-RPE/103 (Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, San Jose dos Campos).
Tucker, C.J., B.N. Holben, and T.E. Goff, 1984. Intensive forest
clearing in Rondonia, Brazil as detected by satellite remote sensing.
Remote Sensing of Environment 15:255-261.
Washington Post, 1989. Brazil angrily unveils plan for the Amazon.
Washington Post, April 7, 1989, pp. 1 and 18.
Whittaker, R.H. and G.E. Likens, 1975. Primary production: The
biosphere and man, in Primary Production of the Biosphere (eds.
Lieth, H. and Whittaker, R.H.; Springer Verlag, New York).
Wilson, E.O., 1986. News and Comment, Science 234:14-15.
Woodwell, G.M. et al., 1983. Global deforestation: contribution to
atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science 222:1081-1086
Woodwell, G.M., R.A. Houghton, T.A. Stone, R.F. Nelson, and W.
Kovalick. 1987. Deforestation in the Tropics: New Measurements
in the Amazon Basin Using Landsat and NOAA Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer Imagery. J. of Geophysical Research
92 (D2) :2157-2163.
-21-
PERSONNEL
NASA/Goddard and National Air and Space Museum:
C.J. Tucker will be the principal investigator of the proposed
research. Tucker has been active in the use of NOAA AVHRR data
for studying large-scale deforestation since 1982 and has worked
successfully with INPE since 1986 on studies of the Amazon using
satellite data. He will assume day-to-day management of the proposed
research and be responsible for the final report. Tucker will also
work directly on the analysis of the 1 - km AVHRR data with Kaufman.
R.F. Nelson will be a co-investigator and will be responsible for
directing the Landsat thematic mapper analyses. Nelson has extensive
experience with the analyses of Landsat MSS and TM data for
deforestation assessment. He will be assisted by B.N. Holben, A.G.
Kerber, and D.W. Williams, all of whom are civil servants in the
Earth Resources Branch of the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Nelson will also supervise
the 3 full-time scientific analysts and coordinate all thematic
mapper digital analyses with the Center for Earth and Planetary
Studies' co-investigators.
C.O. Justice and Y.J. Kaufman, both with the University of Maryland,
will each devote 0.5 man year of effort to the proposed research.
This manpower will be augmented by 2 Ph.D. students from the
Department of Geography at the University of Maryland and 3 full
time image analysts who will be employed under contract by
NASA/Goddard. Justice will be responsible for digitizing the
deforestation results derived from the manual interpretation of
thematic mapper photographic products and their subsequent analysis.
He will also direct the efforts of the 2 graduate students who will
work full-time on the proposed research. Kaufman, an atmospheric
physicist, will concentrate his efforts on the analysis of the
AVHRR data for tropical fire detection.
P.A. Jacobberger and T.R. Watters will also be co-investigators
and will direct the proposed research activities which will be
conducted at the National Air and Space Museum. Both Jacobberger
-22-
and Watters are experienced with the analysis of thematic mapper
digital data, its interpretation, and will each devote 0.5 man
years of effort to the proposed research at no cost. This will be
augmented by 4 additional man years of effort of contractor support.
Jacobberger will direct the assembly of the 1:1,000,000 thematic
mapper phtographic mosaic and will share the responsibility with
Watters for directing the digital analyses conducted in parallel
at the National Air and Space Museum. Jacobberger and Watters will
work closely with Nelson to insure that the same analysis methods
are used in the thematic mapper digital analyses.
K.J. Ranson will work closely with the Landsat thematic mapper
analyses group directed by Nelson and will apply fractal analysis
to the forest alteration patterns obtained from the 30-m satellite
studies. E.L. Levine will devote her time to geographical information
system analyses of Amazon Basin soil data which resides within the
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics in digital form and will couple
this with the Landsat thematic mapper forest alteration results.
V. Kalb, a mathematician and numerical methods expert, will assist
as needed should any aspect of the the proposed research require
unique software or modifications to existing software. She will
also assist in the compilation of the Basin-wide deforestation
figures into a GIS-compatable format. Kalb is the author of ~50%
of the software used within the GIMMS group for their analyses of
AVHRR data.
Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais:
Alberto Setzer of INPE will be a co-investigator of the proposed
research and will direct the NOAA AVHRR and Landsat studies conducted
at INPE. Setzer has extensive experience in the Amazon and also
with the analysis of NOAA AVHRR data for monitoring fires in
near-real time. He will also be responsible for organizing the
field verification program and the integrated use of the INPE
aircraft. Setzer has recently been named to head Brazilian Amazon
Basin research efforts at INPE.
-23-
COMPUTER RESOURCES
All of the AVHRR analyses will be performed on the dedicated Hewlett
Packard-Ramtek image analysis systems of the Global Inventory
Monitoring and Modeling Study (GIMMS). The Landsat thematic mapper
digital analysis will be performed on Vax 11/780 computers located
in the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics and in the Center for
Earth and Planetary Studies. The Vax 8200 in the Laboratory for
Terrestrial Physics will also be used as required. These computer
systems are more than adequate to perform the level of work we
propose within the proposed schedule. Both of these computer systems
run around the clock almost every day of the year.
The digitizing of the Landsat thematic mapper photographic products
will be conducted in the Digital Cartographic Laboratory of the
University of Maryland's Department of Geography under the direction
of C.O. Justice.
-24-
BUDGET
I. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
1. Personnel:
C.J. Tucker (PI; biologist)
0.5 my
no cost
(civil servant)
R.F. Nelson(co-I; forester)
0.7 my
no cost
(civil servant
B.N. Holben physical scientist)
0.5 my
no cost
(civil servant
V. Kalb (computer scientist)
0.5 my
no cost
(civil servant
E. Levine soil scientist)
0.5 my
no cost
(civil servant
A. Kerber geographer)
0.5 my
no cost
(civil servant
D.W. Williams (forester)
0.25my
no cost
(civil servant
K.J. Ranson forester)
0.25my
no cost
(civil servant)
C.O. Justice (geographer)
0.5 my
$ 45,000
(Un. Maryland)
Y.J. Kaufman (physicist)
0.5 my
$ 45,000
(Un. Maryland)
Scientific Analyst (3@100%)
3.0 my
$135,000
$45,000/yr ea.)
Graduate Students (2@100%)
2.0 my
40,000
($20,000/yr ea.
sub-Total:
9.7 my
$265,000 (3.7 my no cost)
2. Satellite Data:
Daily AVHRR 1-km data for 365 days (1989)
$ 36,500 ($100/day)
60 Landsat TM images for 1987-1989
$216,000
($3,600 ea.)
200 Landsat TM photo products for mosaic
$ 50,000
($250 ea.
45 TM photoproducts (3 channels for 15 scenes)
$ 11,250
($250 ea.)
sub-Total:
$313,750
3. Image Processing:
AVHRR 1 - km data (365 days)
$ 21,900
($60/day)
40 Landsat TM images for 1988-1989
$120,000
3,000/image)
Digitization and analysis of 15 TM photo products$
12,000
($800/photo product)
sub-Total:
$153,900
4. Misc.
Travel (coordination with Brazil, etc.)
$ 16,000
(8 trips@$2000/trip)
Field verification in Brazil
$ 24,000
(6 person months)
Supplies, storage, tapes, etc
$ 10,000
sub-Total:
$ 50,000
TOTAL NASA/GSFC PROPOSAL COST:
9.7 my
$782,650
II. National Air and Space Museum
1. Personnel:
P.A. Jacobberger (co-I)
0.5 my
no cost (civil servant)
T.A. Watters (co-I)
0.5 my
no cost (civil Servant)
Postdoctoral Fellow
1.0 my
$ 40,100
Scientific Analyst
1.0 my
$ 40,000
Graduate Students (2@100%)
2.0 my
$ 40,000
($20,000/yr ea.)
sub-Total:
5.0 my
$120,100
(1.0 my no cost)
2. Image Processing:
20 Landsat TM images for 1987-1989
$ 60,000 $3,000/image)
200-image photographic mosaic
$ 10,000
($50/image)
sub-Total:
$ 70,000
3. Misc.
Travel (coordination with Brazil, etc.)
$
8,000 (4 trips@$2000/trip)
Supplies, storage, tapes, etc
$ 4,000
sub-Total:
$ 12,000
4. Overhead (27% of $202,100)
$ 54,567
TOTAL NASM PROPOSAL COST:
5.0 my
$256,667
-25-
BUDGET (cont.)
III. Brazilian INPE Component
Equipment Upgrade (INPE's HRPT receiving station) $363,400
(US-made hardware)
Scientific Staff Support (2 full time scientists)
$
70,000
(@$35,000/yr ea.)
Technician Support(2 full time technicians)
$ 40,000
@$20,000/yr ea.)
4 10-day flights with INPE aircraft
$ 32,000
$800/day*40 days)
Travel (mainly to USA)
$ 14,000
(7 trips @ $2,000)
Misc. (film for INPE aircraft, supplies, etc.)....$
5,000
TOTAL INPE PROPOSAL COST:
$524,400
BUDGET SUMMARY
I.
NASA/Goddard
$ 782,650
(9.7 my)
II. National Air and Space Museum
$ 256,667
(5.0 my)
III. Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais
$ 524,400
GRAND TOTAL FOR PROPOSED RESEARCH:
$1,563,717 (14.7 my)
INPE's HARDWARE UPGRADE
INPE requires a substantial hardware upgrade to replace obsolete hardware in
their NOAA receiving station. This will permit INPE to monitor fire activity
in near-real time and directly contribute to Brazil's ability to police
unauthorized deforestation. The actual hardware quotation is available upon
request.
Refurbishment of Scientific Atlanta equipment
$ 230,000
Microvax-II computer and accessories
Versatec/Versacolor C2766-CM plotter
Hewlett Packard thinkjet 2225A printer
e
$ 95,500
$
21,500
Seiko thermal color printer model CH-5312
$ 14,000
$
400
Hewlett Packard 7475A plotter
$ 2,000
TOTAL INPE HARDWARE UPGRADE:
$ 363,400
-26-
Time Table for the Proposed Research
Starting date: August 1, 1989:
1. August 1989:
A. PI, co-I's, and DoS personnel visit INPE to solidify their
involvement and negotiate tranfer of funds to INPE.
B. 1987-1989 Landsat digital data and thematic mapper
photographic data for Amazon Basin mosaic ordered from INPE. Areas of
major forest alteration will be selected for detailed digital study.
C. Basin-wide AVHRR coverage obtained retroactively to May I, 1989
and will continue until April 30, 1990. Data to be acquired every day.
D. Discussions in Brazil with INPE to solidify their involvement.
E. Ten 1987-1989 Landsat thematic mapper digital tapes obtained for
selected areas while PI is in Brazil and carried back to USA by PI.
2. August-November 1989:
A. Daily 1-km AVHRR data obtained and analysis started of same
for entire Amazon Basin of Brazil.
B. Analysis started on the ten thematic mapper tapes brought back from
Brazil by the PI.
C. INPE scientists visit NASA/Goddard and NASM to plan joint approach
to proposed research and assign specific responsibilities.
D. First flight with the INPE aircraft made to check on burning season.
3. November-December 1989:
A. Digital and photographic data received from INPE and start-up
of analysis of same.
B. Field visits to Rondonia, Acre, Para, and Mato Grosso made in
collaboration with INPE and ground study groups. INPE aircraft second
flight made after burning season to verify satellite data.
C. 15 photographic images selected, manually analyzed, and results
digitized for subsequent comparison to digital analysis.
4. January-February 1990:
A. Amazon Basin 1987-1989 photographic mosaic completed.
B. 1989 AVHRR 1-km studies for southern Amazon Basin completed.
C. Daily AVHRR data acquisition started for northern Amazon Basin.
D. Landsat TM and MSS digital analyses of 40 scenes continues.
E. Selected US personnel visit INPE to review progress to date.
F. INPE aircraft mission made to northern Amazon Basin for
field verification purposes.
5. March-August 1990:
A. Analysis of digitized TM photographic data completed.
B. Analysis of 1989-1990 AVHRR data for northern Amazon Basin completed.
C. Field visits made to northern Amazon Basin for ground verification.
D. TM digital analyses completed for 1987-1989 data.
E. Re-analysis of selected digital scenes conducted if required.
F. INPE scientists visit US and concur on analyis to date.
G. INPE aircraft mission made to selected areas for specific
verification purposes.
6. September-November 1990:
A. Deforestation figures for Brazilian Amazon for 1987-1989 finished.
B. INPE and US scientists jointly compile summary document.
C. Final report completed and delivered to Department of State and
to appropriate ministry in Brazil.
D. Continuation of efforts for 1989-1990 for Brazilian Amazon if
requested and funded.
E. Retroactive studies undertaken for any portion of 1975-1987 if
requested and funded.
-27-
CURRICULUM VITAE
-28-
NAME:
Compton J. Tucker
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Plant Sciences, Remote Sensing of
Vegetation
EDUCATION:
1969 - B.S.
Biology
Colorado State University
1973 - M.S.
College of Forestry
Colorado State University
1975 - Ph.D.
College of Forestry
Colorado State University
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1970 - 1971
Ecological Research Assistant
Colorado State University
1971 - 1975
Graduate Research Assistant
IBP Grassland Biome
1975 - 1977
National Academy of Sciences
Postdoctral Fellow
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Remote Sensing Society
AWARDS AND HONORS:
1985 - Automatic Award, American Society of
Photogrammetry
1986 - NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
1988 - NASA/GSFC Senior Fellow
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1975 "Shortgrass Praire Spectral Measurements," C.J. Tucker, L.D.
Miller, and R.L. Pearson, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, 41 (9) 1157-1162.
2.
1976 "Three-dimensional Chlorophyll Concentrations in a High Biomass
Blue Groma Canopy," C.J. Tucker and M.W. Garratt, J. Range
Management, 29 (2) 170-171.
3.
1976 "Design of a Mobile Field Spectrometer Laboratory," L.D. Miller,
R.L. Pearson and C.J. Tucker, Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, 42 (4) : 569-572.
4.
1976 "A Hand-held Spectral Radiometer to Estimate Gramineous Biomass,"
R.L. Pearson and C.J. Tucker, Applied Optics, 16 (2) : 416-418.
5.
1976 "Spectral Mapping of Shortgrass Praire Biomass," R.L. Pearson,
C.J. Tucker and L.D. Miller, Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, 42 (3) : 317-323.
6.
1976 "Sensor Design for Monitoring Vegetation Canopies," C.J. Tucker
and E.L. Maxwell, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, 42 (11) 1399-1410.
7.
1977 "Leaf Optical System Modeled as a Stochastic Process," C.J. Tucker
and M.W. Garratt, Applied Optics, 16:635-642.
8.
1977 "Asymptotic Nature of Grass Canopy Reflectance," Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 43 (8) :1059-1067.
9.
1977 "Resolution of Grass Canopy Biomass Classes," Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 43 (8) 1059-1067.
10. 1977 "Spectral Estimation of Grass Canopy Variables", Remote Sensing of
Environment, 6 (1) :11-28.
11. 1977 "Soil Spectra Contributions to Grass Canopy Spectral Reflectance",
C.J. Tucker and L.D. Miller, Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, 43 (6) : 721-726.
12. 1978 "Are Two Photographic Infrared Sensors Required?", Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 44 (3) 289-295.
13.
1978 "Post Senescent Grass Canopy Remote Sensing", Remote Sensing of
Environment, 7 (2) :203-210.
14. 1978 "A Comparison of Satellite Sensor Bands for Vegetation
Monitoring", Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
44 (11) : 1169-1180.
15. 1979 "Red and Photographic Infrared Linear Combinations for Monitoring
Vegetation", Remote Sensing of Environment, 8 (2) 127-150.
16. 1979 "Temporal Spectral Measurements of Corn and Soybean Crops", C.J.
Tucker, J.H. Elgin, and J.E. McMurtrey, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 45 (5) : 643-653.
17. 1979 "Monitoring Corn and Soybean Crop development with Hand-held
Radiometer Spectral Data", C.J. Tucker, J.H. Elgin, J.E.
McMurtrey and C.J. Fan, Remote Sensing of Environment, 8 (3) :237-
248.
18. 1980 "Evaluation of a Hand-held Radiometer for Estimating Pasture
Biomass in Iceland", C.J. Tucker and I. Thornsteinsson, Journal
of Agricultural Research Iceland, 12 (1) :11-25.
19. 1980 "Relationship of Crop Radiances to Alfalfa Agronomic Values",
C.J. Tucker, J.H. Elgin, and J.E. McMurtrey, International
Journal of Remote Sensing, 1 (1) : 69-76.
20. 1980 "Limitations on the Applications of a Ground-Based Spectral
Technique for Determining Rain Forest Leaf Area Index", B.N.
Holben, C.J. Tucker and J.W. Robinson, Photogrammetric
Engineering Sensing, 46 (12) : 1555-1561.
21. 1980 "Radiometric Resolution for Monitoring Vegetation: How Many Bits
are Needed?", International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1 (3) :241-
254.
22. 1980 "Relationship of Spectral Data to Grain Yield Variation", C.J.
Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin and J.E. McMurtrey,
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 6 (5) : 657-666.
23. 1980 "Remote Sensing of Leaf Water Content in the Near Infrared",
Remote Sensing of Environment, 10:23-32.
24. 1980 "A Spectral Method for Determining the Percentage of Green Herbage
Material in Clipped Samples", Remote Sensing of Environment,
9 (2) 175-181.
25. 1980 "A Three-band Hand-held Radiometer for Field Use", C.J. Tucker,
W.H. Kley and G.J. Sundstrom, Science 211:281-283.
26. 1980 "Spectral Assessment of Soybean Leaf Area and Leaf Biomass", B.N.
Holben, C.J. Tucker and C.J. Fan, Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote Sensing, 46 (5) : 651-656.
27. 1980 "A Critical Comparison of Remote Sensing and Other Nondestructive
Biomass Estimation Methods", C.J. Tucker, Forage Science,
35 (3) :177-183.
28. 1981 "Remote Sensing of Total Dry-matter Accumulation in Winter Wheat",
C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin and J.E. McMurtrey, Remote
Sensing of Environment, 11:171-189.
29. 1981 "Temporal Relationships Between Spectral Response and Agronomic
Variables of a Corn Canopy", D.S. Kimes, B.L. Markham, C.J.
Tucker and J.E. McMurtrey, Remote Sensing of Environment.
30. 1981 "The Relationship of Temporal Spectral Response of a Corn Canopy
to Grain Yield and Final Dry Matter Accumulation", B.L. Markham,
D.S. Kimes, C.J. Tucker and J.E. McMurtrey, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 48 (11) :1599-1605.
31. 1981 "Thematic Mapper Simulator Data", C.J. Tucker and C.O. Justice,
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2 (1) :101-103.
32. 1983 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Total Dry Matter Production in the
Senegalese Sahel", C.J. Tucker, C. Vanpraet, E. Boerwinkel, and.
A. Gaston, Remote Sensing of Environment, 13:461-474.
33. 1984 "Monitoring Vegetation in the Nile Delta with NOAA-6 and NOAA-7
AVHRR Data", C.J. Tucker, J.A. Gatlin and S.R. Schneider,
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 50:53-61.
34. 1984 "Intensive Forest Clearing in Rondonia, Brazil, as Detected by
Satellite Remote Sensing", C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben, and T.E.
Goff, Remote Sensing of Environment, 15:255-261.
35. 1984 "Objective Assessment of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
Data for Land Cover Mapping", J.R.G. Townshend and C.J. Tucker,
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 5:497-504.
36. 1984 "Optimal Directional View Angles for Remote-Sensing Missions",
D.S. Kimes, B.N. Holben, C.J. Tucker and W.W. Newcomb,
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 5:887-908.
37. 1984 "Satellite Measurements of Surface Albedo and Temperature in Semi-
Desert", J. Otterman and C.J. Tucker, Journal of Climate and
Applied Meterology, 24:288-235.
38. 1985 "The Potential of Satellite Remote Sensing of Ecological
Conditions for Desert Locust Survey and Forecasting", C.J.
Tucker, J.U. Hielkema and J. Roffey, International Journal of
Remote Sensing, 6:127-138.
39. 1985 "Determination of Volcanic Dust Deposition of El Chichon using
Ground Satellite", C.J. Tucker and M. Matson, International
Journal of Remote Sensing, 6:619-627.
40. 1985 "African Land Cover Classification Using Satellite Data", C.J.
Tucker, J.R.G. Townshend and T.E. Goff, Science, 227:369-375.
41. 1985 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Total Herbaceous Biomass Production
in the Senegalese Sahel: 1980-1984", C.J. Tucker, C.L.
Vanpraet, M.J. Sharman and G. Van Ittersum, Remote Sensing of
Environment, 17:233-249.
42. 1985 "North American Vegetation Patterns Observed with the NOAA-7
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer", S.N. Goward, C.J.
Tucker, and D.G. Dye, Vegetacio, 64:3-14.
43. 1985 "Phenology of Global Vegetation Using Meteorological Satellite
Data", C.O. Justice, J.R.G. Townshend, B.N. Holben and C.J.
Tucker, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 8:1271-1318.
44. 1985 "Multitemporal Dimensionality of Images of Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index at Continental Scales", J.R.G. Townshend, T.E.
Goff and C.J. Tucker, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 6:888-
895.
45. 1986 "The Relationship Between Atmospheric CO₂ Variations and a
Satellite-derived Vegetation Index", C.J. Tucker, I.Y. Fung,
C.D. Keeling, and R.H. Gammon, Nature 319:195-199.
46. 1986 "Assessment of Ecological Conditions Associated with the 1980
Desert Locust Plague Upsurge in West Africa Using Environmental
Satellite Data", J.U. Hielkema, J. Roffey and C.J. Tucker, Int.
J. Remote Sensing 7:1609-1622.
47. 1986 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Desert Spatial Extent", C.J. Tucker
and C.O. Justice, Desertification Contral Bulletin 13:2-50.
48. 1986 "Maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Images for Sub-
Saharan Africa for 1983-1985", Int. J. Remote Sens. 7:1383-1384.
49. 1986 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Primary Production", Int. J. Remote
Sensing 7:1395-1416.
50. 1986 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Rangelands in Botswava. II. NOAA
AVHRR and Herbaceous Vegetation", S.D. Prince and C.J. Tucker,
Int. J. Remote Sensing 7:1555-1570.
51. 1986 "Monitoring the Grasslands of the Sahel 1984-1985", C.J. Tucker,
C.O. Justice, and S.D. Prince, Int. J. Remote Sens. 7:1571-1582.
52. 1987 "Application of AVHRR Vegetation Index to Study Atmosphere-
Biosphere Exchange of CO2", I.Y. Fung, C.J. Tucker, and K.C.
Prentice, J. Geophysical Res. 92:2999-3015.
53. 1987 "Prediction of Rift Valley Fever Activity in Kenya by Satellite
Remote Sensing Imagery", K.J. Linthicum, C.L. Bailey, F.G.
Davies, and C.J. Tucker, Science 235:1656-1659.
54. 1987 "Monitoring Vegetation Using NIMBUS-7 Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer Data", B.J. Choudhury, C.J. Tucker, R.E.
Golus, and W.W. Newcomb, Int. J. Remote Sens. 8:533-189.
55. 1987 "Satellites et Dynamique Globale de la Vegetation", J.P.
Malingreau and C.J. Tucker, La Recherche 18:180-189.
56. 1987 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Drought Conditions", C.J. Tucker and
B.J. Choundhury, Remote Sens. Environment, (in press).
57. 1987 "Monitoring global vegetation using Nimbus-7 37 GH₃ Data: Some
Empirical Relations:, B.J. Choudhury and C.J. Tucker, Int. J.
Remote Sens. 8:1085-1090.
58. 1988 "Desert encroachment", H.E. Dregne and C.J. Tucker,
Desertification Control Bulletin 23:243-251.
59. 1988 "Green biomass and rainfall in semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa", H.E.
Dregne and C.J. Tucker, J. Arid Environments 15:245-252.
60. 1988 "Large-scale deforestation in the southeastern Amazon Basin of
Brazil", J.P. Malingreau and C.J. Tucker, Ambio 17:49-55.
NAME:
Brent N. Holben
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Agronomy, Micrometeorology, Remote Sensing
EDUCATION:
1972 - B.S. Agronomy
University of Idaho
1975 - M.S.
Watershed Sciences
Colorado State University
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1975 - 1978 Climatologist
Puerto Rico Nuclear Center
San Juan, Puerto Rico
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Society of Photogrammetry
The Remote Sensing Society
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1975 "An Insolation Model Useful for Mountainous Topography", presented
to Am. Meteorol. Soc. Ag. and Forestry Conference in Tucson,
Arizona.
2.
1975 "The Development and Sensitivity Analysis of a Model for
Estimating Insolation Climate in Mountainous Topography",
Master's Thesis, Dept. of Earth Resources, College of Forestry,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
3.
1978 "Evaluation of a 2-spectral Band Radiometric Technique for Green
Leaf Area Index Estimation in a Tropical Rain Forest", B.N.
Holben and C.J. Tucker, presented to ACSM-ASP Fall Technical
Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
4.
1979 "Examination of Lambertian and Non-Lambertian Models for
Simulating the Topographic Effect on Remotely Sensed Data", C.O.
Justice and B.N. Holben, NASA/GSFC TM-80557.
5.
1979 "Precipitation Distribution and Raingage Networks in the Luquillo
Mountains", B.N. Holben, J.A. Colon, M. Canals and F. Santos,
In: Methodologies and Instruments. Center for Energy and
Environment Research, Capparra Hts. Stn. San Juan, Puerto Rico
00935.
6.
1979 "Spectral Assessment of Winter Wheat Total Dry Matter Accumulation
and Final Grain Yield", C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin and
J.E. McMurtrey III, In: Summaries. Thirteenth International
Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, April 23-27.
7.
1980 "The Topographic Effect on the Spectral Response of Nadir Pointing
Sensors", B.N. Holben and C.O. Justice, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 46 (9) : 1191-1200.
8.
1980 "Relationship of Spectral Data to Grain Yield Variation", C.J.
Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin, Jr. and J.E. McMurtrey III,
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 46 (5) : 657-666.
9.
1980 "Spectral Assessment of Soybean Leaf Area and Leaf Biomass", B.N.
Holben, C.J. Tucker and C.J. Fan, Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote Sensing 46 (5) : 651-656.
10. 1980 "Limitations on the Application of a Ground-Based Spectral
Technique for Determining Rain Forest Leaf Area Index", B.N.
Holben, C.J. Tucker and J. Robinson, Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote Sensing 46 (12) 1555-1561.
11. 1980 "The Contribution of the Diffuse Light Component to the
Topographic Effect on Remotely Sensed Data", C.O. Justice and
B.N. Holben, NASA/GSFC TM 80728, June.
12. 1980 "Angular Considerations in Off-Nadir Viewing of Soil and
Vegetation", C.J. Tucker and B.N. Holben, accepted to
International Journal of Remote Sensing.
13. 1981 "An Examination of Spectral Band Ratioing to Reduce the
Topographic Effect on Remotely Sensed Data", B.N. Holben and
C.O. Justice, International Journal of Remote Sensing 2 (2) :115-
133.
14. 1981 "Application of Digital Terrain Data to Quantify and Reduce the
Topographic Effect on Landsat Data", C.O. Justice, S. Wharton
and B.N. Holben, International Journal of Remote Sensing
2 (3) :213-230.
15. 1981 "Remote Sensing of Total Dry-Matter Accumulation in Winter Wheat",
C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin, Jr., and J. McMurtrey III,
Remote Sensing of Environment 11:171-189.
16. 1981 "Reflectivity of TFE--A Washable Surface--Compared with that of
BaSo₄", J.B. Schutt, B.N. Holben, C.M. Shai, and J.H. Henninger,
Appl. Opts. 20) 12) :203-2035.
17. 1983 "Leaf water stress detection utilizing thematic mapper bands 3, 4
and 5 in soybean plants", B.N. Holben, J.B. Schutt and J.
McMurtrey III, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 1983, 4 (2) :289-297.
18. 1983 "Effects of atmospheric and view angle illumination geometry of
visible and near-IR AVHRR radiance data", B. Holben and R.S.
Fraser, In Proceedings of Seventeenth International Symposium of
Remote Sensing of Environment.
19. 1984 "Red and near-infrared sensor response to off-nadir viewing", B.
Holben and R.S. Fraser, Int. J. Remote Sensing 5 (1) :145-160.
20. 1984 "Intensive forest clearing in Rondonia, Brazil as detected by
satellite remote sensing", C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben and T.E.
Goff, Remote Sensing of Environment 15:255-261.
21. 1984 "Optimal directional view angles for remote sensing missions",
D.S. Kimes, B.N. Holben, C.J. Tucker, W.W. Newcomb, Int. J.
Remote Sensing 5 (6) 887-908.
22. 1985 "Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using
meteorological satellite data", C.O. Justice, J.R.G. Townshend,
and B.N. Holben, International Journal of Remote Sensing
(6) 1271-1318.
23. 1986 "Directional reflectance response in AVHRR red and near-infrared
bands for three cover types and varying atmospheric conditions",
B.N. Holben, D.S. Kimes and R.S. Fraser, Remote Sensing of
Environment.
24. 1986 "Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal
AVHRR data", B.N. Holben, Int'l. J. of Remote Sensing
7 (11) :1417-1434.
25. 1986 "Monitoring East African vegetation using AVHRR data", C.O.
Justice, B.N. Holben and M.D. Gwynne, Int'l. J. of Remote
Sensing 7 (11) :1453-1474.
26. 1986 "Identifying deforestation in Brazil using multiresolution
satellite data", R. Nelson and B. Holben, International J. of
Remote Sensing, 7 (3) : 429-448.
27. 1986 "Directional Reflectance Response in AVHRR Red and Near-IR Bands
for Three Cover Types and Varying Atmospheric Conditions", B.
Holben, D. Kimes and R.S. Fraser, Remote Sensing of Environment,
19 (3) :213-236.
28. 1987 "Satellite detection of tropical burning in Brazil", M. Matson and
B.N. Holben, Int'l. J. Remote Sensing 8 (3) : 509-517.
29. 1987 "Global Evaluation of a Satellite-Based Ecological Index Using
Field and Simulated Data", E. Box, B. Holben and V. Kalb,
submitted to Science.
30. 1988 "Temporal and Spatial Variability of Aerosol Optical Depth in the
Sahel Region", B. Holben and T. Eck, in preparation.
RESUME
PATRICIA A. JACOBBERGER
EDUCATION:
Washington University in St. Louis 1982: Ph.D., Earth and Planetary
Sciences
University of Nebraska
1977: B.S., Geology
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:
1983-present
Research Geologist, Center for Earth and Planetary
Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Research
specialties: Desert fringe and Sahelian geomorphology;
desertification processes; remote sensing.
1982-1983
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Appalachian
State University. Courses taught: Geomorphologic
Processes; Environmental Geology; Physical Geology.
1980-1982
Graduate Research Assistant, McDonnell Center for the
Space Sciences; research leading to completion of Ph.D.
dissertation: "Remote Sensing of Arid Lands".
1977-1980
Edward H. White III Astronaut Fellow, McDonnell Center
for the Space Sciences; research on application of remote
sensing techniques to geological interpretation of
terrestrial desertification processes and desert
morphology.
1977
Geologist, Amoco Production Company; stratigraphic and
structural analysis of northwest limb of Anadarko Basin.
EXPERIENCE:
Principal Investigator: 1985- ; Environmental Processes and Spectral
Reflectance Characteristics Associated with Soil Erosion in Desert
Fringe Regions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Co-Investigator: 1985-
; Temporal and Spectral Variations of Sand
Dunes in the Central Western Desert of Egypt. Programme d'Evaluation
Preliminaire SPOT.
Principal Investigator: 1986- ; Sediment Sampling and
Paleoenvironmental Study of the Tombouctou Region, Mali. James
Smithson Society.
Principal Investigator: 1984-1985; Remote Sensing Study of the Geology,
Geomorphology and Response to Climatic Trends in the Upper Inland Niger
Delta, Mali. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies Program.
Chairman: 1988- ; Coastal Deserts, Ocean Circulation and Sea Levels
Working Group, Project 252 of the International Geological Correlation
Programme.
Member: 1987- ; Academic Hiring and Appraisal Committee, Smithsonian
Institution.
Member: 1986- ; Research Policy Committee, Smithsonian Institution.
Member: 1986- ; Steering Committee for Earth Sciences; Office of
Fellowships and Grants, Smithsonian Institution.
Chairman:
1985; Research Working Group, National Air and Space Museum,
Smithsonian Institution.
Member:
1984; Research Working Group, National Air and Space Museum,
Smithsonian Institution.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
Member, American Geophysical Union
Member, Geological Society of America
Member, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists
Member, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Member, Sigma Xi
INVITED PAPERS:
Jacobberger, P.A. (1987) "Interaction of fluvial and aeolian processes
in desertification," in Proceedings, Twentieth International Symposium
on Remote Sensing of Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi,
December 4-10, 1986, p.87-94.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1985) "Changes in Morphologic and Aeolian Processes in
the Upper Inland Niger Delta of Mali as a Function of Drought", in
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sand Transport and
Desertification in Arid Lands, Khartoum, 17-26 November, 1985, in
press.
PUBLICATIONS:
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Seasonal color and brightness changes
in the region of Tombouctou," submitted June 1988.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Mapping abandoned river channels in Mali through
directional filtering of thematic mapper data," Remote Sensing of
Environment, in press.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Drought-related changes to geomorphologic
processes in central Mali," Geological Society of America Bulletin, V.
100, p.351-361.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Remote sensing and field study of
drought-related changes in the inland Niger delta of Mali," in
Proceedings, Twentieth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi, December 4-10, 1986,
p. 1379-1385.
Maxwell, T.A. and Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Remote sensing observations of
sand movement in the Bahariya depression, Western Desert of Egypt,' in
Proceedings, Twentieth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi, December 4-10, 1986,
p. 721-729.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Mapping the abandoned fluvial system of the
Azaouad depression using MSS and TM Data," in Proceedings, Twentieth
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment: Remote
Sensing for Africa, Nairobi, December 4-10, 1986, p. 821-826.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1987) "Geamorphology of the Upper Inland Niger Delta",
Journal of Arid Environments, V. 13, p. 95-112.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1985) "Geamorphology of the Upper Inland Niger Delta",
In National Air and Space Museum Research Report, 1985, Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D.C., p. 116-131.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1984) Enhanced discriminability within Landsat MSS
images using pre-determined spectral data subsets for principal
components analysis: An examples over the Inland Niger Delta, Mali,
Proceedings, International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology,
Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 16-19, 1984, p. 567-572.
Jacobberger, P.A. and T.A. Maxwell (1984) Sediment provenance
determinations as a means of mapping lithologies in the southern
Sinai, Egypt, Proceedings, International Symposium on Remote Sensing
of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for
Exploration Geology, Colorado Spring, Colorado, April 16-19, 1984, p.
811-816.
Jacobberger, P.A., R.E. Arvidson and D.L. Rashka (1983) Application of
Landsat multispectral scanner and sediment spectral reflectance
measurements to mapping of the Meatiq Dome, Egypt. Geology, V. 11, p.
587-591.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1982) Drought-induced wind erosion in southwestern
Kansas, U.S.A. -- Integration of Landsat, Seasat and Airborne
Multispectral data, Proceedings of the Fifteenth International
Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Cairo, Egypt, January
1982, p. 937-946.
Jacobberger, P.A., D.L. Rashka, R.E. Arvidson, and R. Batiza (1982) Use of
Landsat multispectral scanner data in geologic mapping of the Meatiq
Dome, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt, Proceedings of the Fifteenth
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Cairo,
Egypt, January 1982, p. 775-779.
Arvidson, R.E. and P. Jacobberger (1982) Mapping oases and soil types
from Landsat digital multispectral scanner data -- Kharga Depression,
Western Desert, Egypt. Proceedings of the Fifteenth International
Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Cairo, Egypt, January
1982, p. 565-569.
Arvidson, R.E., P.A. Jacobberger and D. Rashka (1981) Rock and soil
mapping and change detection from Landsat multispectral scanner data
-- clues to limits of interpretability from Viking Orbiter color
data. Reports of Planetary Geology Program 1981, NASA TM 84211, p.
455-456.
Jacobberger, P.A. and R.E. Arvidson (1981) Detection of color changes in
southwest Kansas using Landsat multispectral scanner data, The
Compass, V. 58, no. 3, p. 43-49.
Jacobberger, P., R. Arvidson and E. Guinness (1980) The Meatiq Dome
Egypt -- an earth analog study of rock type discrimination using
broad-band visible and reflected IR data. Reports of Planetary
Geology Program 1980, NASA TM 82385, p. 442-444.
ABSTRACTS:
Jacobberger, P.A. (1988) "Seasonal color changes in the Azaouad dunefield
near Tombouctou, Mali, submitted for presentation at the Annual
Meeting, Geological Society of America.
Jacobberger, P.A., Maxwell, T.A., and Hooper, D.M. (1988) "Spectral and
morphologic variations along the Abu Muharik dune system (Western
Desert of Egypt), submitted for presentation at the Annual Meeting,
Geological Society of America.
Hooper, D.M. and Jacobberger, P.A. (1987) "Spectral reflectance properties
of stabilized dunes west of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, GSA
Abstracts with Programs, V. 19, p. 707.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1986) "Mapping the Abandoned Fluvial System of the
Azaouad Depression using MSS and TM Data," in Summaries of
Presentations, Twentieth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi, December 4-10, 1986,
p. 66-67.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1986) "Remote Sensing and Field Study of
Drought-related Changes in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali," in
Summaries of Presentations, Twentieth International Symposium on
Remote Sensing of Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi,
December 4-10, 1986, p. 196-197.
Maxwell, T.A. and P.A. Jacobberger (1986) Remote Sensing Observations of
Sand Movement in the Bahariya Depression, Western Desert of Egypt," in
Summaries of Presentations, Twentieth International Symposium on
Remote Sensing of Environment: Remote Sensing for Africa, Nairobi,
December 4-10, 1986, p. 49.
Hooper, D.M. and P.A. Jacobberger (1986) "Spectral Characteristics of
Dunes and Interdune Corridors West of the Okavango Delta, Botswana,"
in GSA Abstracts with Programs, V. 18, n. 6, p. 640.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1986) "Drought-related Changes in the Inland Niger
Delta of Mali," in GSA Abstracts with Programs, v. 18, p. 644.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1985) "Changes in Surface Hydrology in the Upper Inland
Niger Delta of Mali as a Function of Drought". EOS, V. 66, p. 262.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1985) "Drought-related Surface Changes in the Upper
Inland Niger Delta of Mali," GSA Abstracts with Programs, V. 17, p.
617.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1984) Enhanced discriminability within Landsat MSS
images using pre-determined spectral data subsets for the principal
components analysis: An example over the inland Niger Delta, Mali, in
Summaries of Presentations, International Symposium on Remote Sensing
of Environment, Third Thematic Conference, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
April 16-19, 1984.
Jacobberger, P.A. and T.A. Maxwell (1984) Sediment provenance
determinations as a means of mapping lithologies in the central
Eastern Desert of Egypt and southern Sinai, in Summaries of
Presentations, International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment, Third Thematic Confeerence, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
April 16-19, 1984.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1984) "Morphology and Changes in Surface Hydrology in
the Upper Inland Niger Delta, Mali.' In GSA Abstracts with Programs,
V. 16, p. 549.
Jacobberger, P.A. (1982) Mapping surface materials in the Bahariya Oasis,
Western Desert, Egypt using simple clustering techniques on Landsat
MSS data. in Summaries of Presentations, Second Thematic Conference,
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Fort Worth,
Texas, November 1982.
Rashka, D.L. and P.A. Jacobberger (1982) Applications of Landsat digital
MSS data in geologic mapping: Meatiq Dome, Central Eastern Desert,
Egypt. GSA Abstracts with Programs, V. 14, p. 268.
Jacobberger, P. (1980) Color changes in southwest Kansas, possibly related
to soil erosion. Missouri Academy of Sciences Bulletin 8, no. 3, p.
13.
Jacobberger, P. (1980) Color changes related to soil erosion in southwest
Kansas as detected by Landsat. EOS, V. 61, p. 238.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:
Christopher Owen Justice
Present Address:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Earth Resources Branch/Code 623
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
Phone: (301) 286-7372
U.K. Address:
Dyrham Park, Near Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN14 8ER
Phone: 027-582-2501
Date of Birth:
May 16, 1952
Nationality:
British
Marital Status:
Married
Education
1974 - 77
Ph.D. Geography, Reading University, U.K.
1970 - 73
B.A. (Hons.) Geography, Reading University, U.K.
1963 - 70
Buckhurst Hill, County High School, Chigwell Essex, U.K.
EMPLOYMENT
1973 - 74
Research Assistant, Anglo Argentinian Geoscopy Experiment
University of Reading, Geography Department
1976 - 77
Research Demonstrator, University of Reading, Geography
Department (A demonstratorship permitted higher degree
research to be undertaken while assisting with the
teaching of undergraduate laboratory and field classes).
1977 - 81
Resident Research Associate, Earth Resources Branch
(Code 623), NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, USA. (Funded by National Academy of Sciences
and the National Research Council).
1981
Consultant--Clyde Surveys, UK, Land Use Specialist, World
Bank Transmigration Project, Kalimantan, Indonesia.
1981 - 83
Resident Research Fellow, Earthnet Programme Office,
ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. (Funded by the European
Space Agency Fellowship Programme.)
1983 - 87
Faculty Research Associate, Civil Engineering Department,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. (Funded
by NASA/GSFC.)
1985
Consultant--UN/FAO, Remote Sensing of African Grasslands,
Sudan FAO, TCP/SUD/5418
1987
Assistant Research Scholar, Geography Department,
University of Maryland. (Funded by NASA/GSFC.)
Current Research Activities (1983-)
Full time participation in the Global Inventory Monitoring & Modelling Studies
project at NASA/GSFC. The project is composed of a series of collaborative
research projects primarily concerned with applying coarse resolution
satellite data to global vegetation studies in the context of NASA's Earth
System Science Program (Ref. #22).
I. Continental Land Cover Classification
This study involves the development of methodologies to apply high
temporal frequency, coarse spatial resolution satellite data from AVHRR
and SMMR sensors to continental scale vegetation mapping (Refs. #27, 31,
32, 34).
II. Sahelian Grasslands Study
The objective of the study is to monitor interannual variations in
primary production of the annual grasslands. The study is a cooperative
program with UN/FAO, UNEP/GEMS, US/AID and the International Livestock
Center for Africa (ILCA) involving field data collection programs in
conjunction with airborne radiometric surveys in Mali, Senegal, Niger
and Sudan.
One of the prime objectives of the study is to build up a long term
satellite data base to help understand the mechanism of the Sahelian
Drought and the resultant effects on the vegetation of the region.
Interest lies in developing satellite based early warning system to
improve the food security of the Sahelian Zone (Refs. #4, 11, 35).
III. Evaluation of the sensor requirements for the NASA/MODIS sensing system
This study is part of the definition phase for an advanced coarse
resolution global monitoring system planned for launch as part of
NASA's Earth Observing System in the 1990's (Refs. #16, 21).
Previous Remote Sensing Research (Chronological Order)
I. The Anglo Argentinian Geoscopy Experiment (1973-1975)
"Evaluation of photography obtained from Skylark Earth Resources
rockets of Central Argentina for terrain resources/soil survey/land use
survey mapping, and geological structure/landform (geomorphological)
surveys." (Refs. #3, 29)
II. Ph.D. Thesis Research (1974-1977)
An examination of the effects of various terrain and surface cover
properties on the spectral response from Landsat Multispectral
Scanners. The aim of the research was to study the effect of various
terrain and surface cover properties on the spectral response from
Landsat Multispectral Scanners in an area of complex terrain and
surface cover distribution, In S. Italy. (Refs. #24, 8)
III. Land Use Mapping in Mediterranean Environments (1974-1984)
A research project to develop methodologies for deriving detailed
thematic maps from remotely sensed satellites data of mediterranean
environments utilizing digital image processing and analysis
techniques. (Refs. #26, 30, 20, 19)
IV. Modelling the Topographic Effect on Sensor Response (1979-1981)
Project designed to quantify the topographic effect on remotely sensed
satellite data. The study included ground based radiometric measurement
of simulated terrain conditions and use of digital terrain data to
apply the model to satellite data. (Refs. #5, 12, 13, 6, 7, 23)
V. Remotely Sensed Satellite Data and Ancillary Data Integration and
Analysis (1979-1980)
Examination of methods for integrating remotely sensed data and
ancillary data for cover classification. Examination of the role and
contributions of remotely sensed data to environmental modelling in a
Geographic Information System Framework. (Refs. #25, 18, 27)
VI. Land Use/Soil Mapping, Kalimantan, Indonesia (June-August 1981)
This project included detailed ground mapping of land cover/land use
and soil unit mapping at 1:50,000 scale for an area of tropical rain
forest. The objective of the study was the production of land
capability maps for agricultural development. (Ref. #1)
VII. Sensor System Evaluation & Image Quality Analysis (1981-1983)
Research undertaken whilst at the ESA Earthnet Programme Office
included evaluation and modification of the Landsat 3 RBV data produced
by the ESA/Fucino ground receiving station with particular reference to
radiometric correction procedures and the design of a Quality Assessment
System for the Earthnet Landsat D Thematic Mapper processing chain.
(Refs. #2, 33, 10)
Miscellaneous Contributions
Organization of International Meetings
1982
1ˢᵗ European Thematic Mapper Meeting, Frascati, Italy
1985
AVHRR Grasslands Research Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya
Invited Committees
1983
NASA TM Science Panel
1985
NASA MODIS Instrument Panel
Editor
IJRS Special Edition on Monitoring the Grasslands of Semi-Arid
Africa using NOAA-AVHRR Data, Vol. 7, No. 11
Invited participation in the Royal Geographical Society. 'Kora' Expedition,
Kenya (1985)
Invited participation in U.N. Training Course on Remote Sensing for the
African Environment. ILE IFE, Nigeria 1984; Yamakoukro, Ivory Coast 1985.
PUBLICATIONS
1.
Clyde Surveys Ltd., 1982. Phase III feasibility studies and detailed
engineering report for transmigration settlements development in Central
and West Kalimantan (Hanjaliipan Area). Maidenhead, Berkshire, U.K.
2.
Dosiere, P. and C.O. Justice, 1983. Spatial and radiometric resolution
of the Landsat-3 RBV system. International Journal of Remote Sensing,
Vol. 4, No. 2.
3.
Drennan, D.S.H., J.R. Hardy, R.A.G. Savigear, J.R.G. Townshend, C.J.
Bray, I.R. Galloway, C.O. Justice, E.S. Owen-Jones, 1974. The inter-
pretation and use of false color infra-red and true color photography of
part of Argentina obtained by Skylark Earth Resources rockets in:
"Proceedings, Ninth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment", Ann Arbor: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan,
Volume II, pp. 1475-1496.
4.
Hiernaux, P. and C.O. Justice, 1986. Suivi du development vegetal au
cours de l'ete 1984 dans le Sahel Malien. Int. J. Remote Sensing 7 (11):
1515-1532.
5.
Holben, B.N. and C.O. Justice, 1979. Evaluation and modeling of the
topographic effects on the spectral response from nadir pointing sensors.
NASA/GSFC TM 80305, 19 pp.
6.
Holben, B.N. and C.O. Justice, 1980. The topographic effects on spectral
response from nadir pointing sensors. Photogram. Eng. and Remote
Sensing, Vol. 4-6, No. 9, pp. 1191-1200.
7.
Holben, B.N. and C.O. Justice, 1981. An examination of spectral band
ratioing to reduce the topographic effect on remotely sensed data. Int.
J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, pp. 115-133 (Also NASA/GSFC TM 80640).
8.
Justice, C.O., 1978. An examination of the relationships between
selected ground properties and Landsat MSS data in an area of complex
terrain in southern Italy. Proc. American Society of Photogrammetry Fall
Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 303-328.
9.
Justice, C.O., 1983. The contribution of remote sensing to the inventory
and monitoring of natural resources Proc. Conference of Renewable
Resources Inventories, Corvallis, Oregon. 362-367.
10.
Justice, C.O. and L. Fusco, 1984. A preliminary analysis of Landsat-4
Thematic Mapper radiometric performance in Landsat-4 Science Investi-
gations Summary (ed. J. Barker) NASA Conference Publication 2326, NASA/
GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, Vol. II.
11. Justice, C.O. and P. Hiernaux, 1986. Monitoring the grasslands of the
Sahel using NOAA/AVHRR data: Niger 1983. Int. J. Remote Sensing 7 (11)
1475-1498.
12. Justice, C.O. and B.N. Holben, 1979. Examination of Lambertian and
non-Lambertion models for simulating the topographic effects on remotely
sensed data. NASA/GSFC TM 80557.
13.
Justice, C.O. and B.N. Holben, 1980. An examination of the contribution
of the diffuse light component to the topographic effect on remotely
sensed data. NASA/GSFC TM 80760, 39 pp.
14.
Justice, C.O., B.N. Holben, M. Gwynne, 1986. Monitoring East African
vegetation using NOAA/AVHRR data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 7 (11) :1453-
1474.
15.
Justice, C.O., J.P. Malingreau, and J.U. Hielkema, 1984. The application
of satellite remote sensing techniques for monitoring natural vegetation,
crops, and rainfall. Proc. UN/FAO Workshop on Early Warning Systems
in Developing Countries in Asia and the Pacific Region. Bangkok
(ESC/RAPA/WMES/3.3).
16.
Justice, C.O., B. Markham, J.R.G. Townshend and R. Kennard. Spatial
Degradation of Satellite Data. (Submitted to IJRS).
17.
Justice, C.O., M.K. Sharman, and K.D. Singh. A comparison of AVHRR and
MSS data for mapping the forests in India (in preparation).
18.
Justice, C.O. and J.R.G. Townshend, 1981. Integrating ground data
with remote sensing. IN: Townshend, J.R.G. (ed.) Integrated Land
Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing, George Allen and Unwin (Publishers)
Ltd., pp. 38-53.
19.
Justice, C.O. and J.R.G. Townshend, 1981. The use of remotely sensed
satellite data for providing land cover information for Natural Resource
Inventories of Mediterranean Lands - In - Townshend, J.R.G. (ed.)
Integrated Land Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing. George Allen and
Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., pp. 133-148.
20.
Justice, C.O. and J.R.G. Townshend, 1981. A comparison of unsupervised
classification procedures of Landsat MSS data for an area of complex
surface conditions in Basilicata, S. Italy. Remote Sensing of the
Environment. 12, 407-420. (Also NASA/GSFC TM 82098).
21.
Justice, C.O. and J.R.G. Townshend. Selecting the spatial resolution
of satellite sensors required for global monitoring of land transforma-
tions (submitted to IJRS).
22.
Justice, C.O., J.R.G. Townshend, B.N. Holben and C.J. Tucker, 1985.
Analysis of the Phenology of Global Vegetation using Meteorological
Satellite Data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 6(8) : 1272-1318.
23.
Justice, C.O., S. Wharton and B.N. Holben, 1981. Using digital terrain
data to quantify and reduce the topographic effect on Landsat data.
Int. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 213-230 (Also NASA/GSFC TM
81988, 32 pp.).
24.
Justice, C.O., D.F. Williams, J.R.G. Townshend and R.A.G. Savigear,
1975. The provision of environmental information from space imagery for
Basilicata Province, Southern Italy. In: Proceedings 2nd Annual General
Conference of the Remote Sensing Society, Silsoe, pp. 1-39.
25.
Knapp, E.M., C.O. Justice and K.J. Ingram, 1979. Integration of Landsat
data with ancillary data for improved environmental analysis: Current
Status and future directions. Proceedings 17th Annual Conference of the
Urban and Regional Information System Association, San Diego, CA.
26.
Townshend, J.R.G. and C.O. Justice, 1980. The unsupervised classifica-
tion of MSS Landsat data for mapping spatially complex vegetation. Int.
J. Remote Sensing, Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 105-120.
27.
Townshend, J.R.G. and C.O. Justice, 1981. Image Processing: a users
view. Int. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 331-349.
28.
Townshend, J.R.G. and C.O. Justice, 1986. Analysis of the dynamics of
African vegetation using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.
Int. J. Remote Sensing 7 (11) :14351446.
29.
Townshend, J.R.G., R.A.G. Savigear, C.O. Justice, J.R. Hardy, D.S.H.
Drennan and C.J. Bray, 1974. A comparison of the capabilities of ERTS
and the Earth Resources Skylark rocket within Central Argentina, in
"European earth resources satellite experiments: Proceedings of a
symposium held at Frascati, Italy. 28 Jan. - 1 Feb. 1974" (eds. B.T.
Battrick and N.T. Duc), Paris: ESRO, SP-100, pp. 383-403.
30.
Townshend, J.R.G., D.F. Williams and C.O. Justice, 1978. An evaluation
of Landsat 3 RBV imagery for an area of complex terrain in Southern
Italy. Proc. 13th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the
Environment, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Vol. II, pp. 1839-1852.
31.
Townshend, J.R.G., C.O. Justice and V. Kalb 1987. Characterization and
Classification of South American Land Cover Types using Satellite Data.
Int. J. Remote Sensing.
32.
Townshend, J.R.G., C.O. Justice and C.J. Tucker, 1986. Techniques for
continental land cover and classification using remotely sensed satellite
data. Proc. Symp. on Mapping from Modern Imagery. Edinburgh ISPRS/RSS:
34-44.
33.
Tucker, C.J. and C.O. Justice, 1981. Thematic Simulator Data. Int. J.
Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 101-103.
34.
Tucker, C.J. and C.O Justice, 1986. Satellite remote sensing of desert
spatial extent. Desertification Control Bulletin 13:2-5.
35.
Tucker, C.J., C.O. Justice and S.D. Prince, 1986. Monitoring the
grasslands of the Sahel 1984-1985. Int. J. Remote Sensing 7 (11) :1571-
1582.
NAME:
Virginia L. Kalb
PRESENT POSITION:
Mathematician
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Image Processing
EDUCATION:
1975 - B.A.
University of Maryland
1977
- M.A. University of Maryland
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1977 - 1981 Mathematician
Ground Systems & Data Management Branch
Systems Division
1981 - 1984 Mathematician
Instrument Systems Branch
Instrument Division
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1987 "Comparison of North and South American Biomes from AVHRR
Observations", S.N. Goward, A. Kerber, D.G. Dye and V. Kalb,
Geocarto.
2.
1987 "Characterization and Classification of South American Land Cover
Types Using Satellite Data", International Journal of Remote
Sensing.
3.
1987 "Evaluating Satellite Assessment of Terrestrial Primary
Production", E. Box, B. Holben and V. Kalb, submitted to
Science.
4.
1987 "GIMMS Interactive Mapping/Image Processing", V.L. Kalb, and T.E.
Goff, to be presented at HP Interex Conference in October, 1987.
NAME :
Arlene G. Kerber
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Digital Image Analysis and Interpretation of Remotely
Sensed Data--MSS, TM, AVHRR; Large Scale Climate-
Vegetation Interactions using AVHRR; Laboratory and
field study assessment of the thermal region
EDUCATION:
1965 - A.B. Biology
University of Michigan
1966 - M.S. Biology
University of Michigan
1970 - M.A.
Social Studies
Eastern Michigan
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1978 - 1983
Physical Scientist
Eastern Regional Remote Sensing
Applications Center
NASA/GSFC
1977 - 1978
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Laboratory
NASA/NSTL
1975 - 1977
Remote Sensing Specialist
Lockhead Electronics Co.
NASA/JSC
1971 - 1974
Assistant in Research
Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1976 The Tri-County Pilot Study, C.A. Reeves, T.W. Austin and A.G.
Keber, LEC 8657, July 1976.
2. 1977 Ten Ecosystem Study Processing Manual, A.G. Kerber, LEC-10127,
February 1977.
3. 1978 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Information System
ASVT, A.G. Kerber, Project Final Report, NASA Earth Resources
Laboratory, National Space Technology Laboratories, March 1978.
4.
1982 Minnesota Landsat Irrigated Land Survey, A.G. Kerber, Y.C. Lu and
D. Biessel, Technical Memorandum 84952, NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center, August 1982.
5. 1983 "Comparative Accuracies of AVHRR and MSS Data Used for Level I
Land Cover Classifications', J.C. Gervin, R.G. Witt, A.G.
Kerber, Y.C. Lu, R. Sekhon and B. Bly, Proceedings of the 49th
Annual Meeting American Society of Photogrammetry, March 13-18,
1983, Washington, DC, pp. 334-342.
6. 1983 "Comparison of Level I Land Cover Classification Accuracy for MSS
and AVHRR Data", J.C. Gervin, A.G. Kerber, R.G. Witt, Y.C. Lu
and R. Sekhon, Seventeenth International Symposium on Remote
Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, May 9-13, 1983.
7.
1983 Vermont Landsat Land Cover Inventory Program, A.G. Kerber and Y.C.
Lu, Final Report, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, July 1983.
8. 1983 "Utility of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
Middle Infrared and Thermal Channels in Land Cover Mapping",
A.G. Kerber, National Conference on Resource Management
Applications: Energy and Environment, August 22-26, 1983, San
Francisco, CA.
9. 1983 "Floodplain Land Cover Mapping Using Thematic Mapper Data", A.G.
Kerber, J.C. Gervin, Y.C. Lu, W. Ryerson and R. Marcell,
Proceedings of the 4th U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Remote
Sensing Conference, November 7-9, 1983, Reston, VA.
10. 1985 "Comparison of Level I Land Cover Accuracy for MSS and AVHRR
Data", J.C. Gervin, A.G. Kerber, R.G. Witt, Y.C. Lu and R.
Sekhon, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, No. 1,
pp. 47-57.
11. 1985 "Floodplain Land Cover Mapping Using Thematic Mapper Data", A.G.
Kerber, J.C. Gervin, Y.C. Lu, R. Marcell and H.A. Edwardo,
Invited Paper, Proceedings of the 19ᵗʰ International Symposium
on Remote Sensing of Environment, October 1985.
12. 1986 "Utility of the AVHRR Channels 3 and 4 in Land Cover Mapping",
A.G. Kerber and J.B. Schutt, Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, Vol. 52, No. 12, December 1986, pp. 1877-1883.
13. 1987 "Comparison of North and South American Biomes from AVHRR
Observations", S.N. Goward, A.G. Kerber, D. Dye and V. Kalb,
Geocarto International, Vol. 2, No. 1, March 1987, pp. 27-39.
14. 1987 "Relationships of Soils and Vegetative Growth in South America
Using Satellite Imagery", E.R. Levine, A.G. Kerber, T. Cook, and
J. Kimble, Annual Meeting of American Society of Agronomy,
Atlanta, Georgia.
Name:
Dr. Yoram J. Kaufman
Present address:
13114 Broadmore Rd., Silver Spring, MD 20904
Telephones:
Work-301-286-4866, Home-301-989-0773
Citizenship:
Israeli, Permanent resident in the U.S. since March 1, 1984. Applied for
citizenship March 1, 1989.
Education:
Ph. D.
June 1979, Dept. of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University,
Tel-Aviv, Israel.
M. Sc.
Nov. 1974, Faculty of Physics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,
Haifa, Israel.
B. Sc.
May 1972, Faculty of Physics, Technion, Israel.
Research and academic employment:
1981-present:
Scientist at the Dept. of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD and NASA/Goddard SFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771. Theoretical and
experimental research in Atmospheric Optics and Remote Sensing.
1985-1987:
Senior Research Associate, Dept. of Physics, Technion, Israel. Research in
Infrared Physics and Atmospheric Optics. Teaching. undergraduate and
graduate courses.
1979-1981:
National Research Council fellow at NASA/Goddard SFC, Greenbelt MD.
1975-1979:
Doctorate studies in Atmospheric Optics and Remote Sensing and teaching.
1973-1978:
Israel Army service - Physicist. Research and teaching.
1971-1973:
Studies in Electro Optics at the Technion and M. Sc. research on CO₂ lasers
and saturable absorbers. Teaching assistant at the Faculty of Physics.
Research interest
My main research objective is to study the optical characteristics of the atmosphere, by
theoretical and experimental methods. The results of this research are applied to design better
remote sensing techiniques, that are used to study the characteristics of the earth surface and its
interaction with the atmosphere.
This research interest was developed during my Ph. D. studies, which involved development
of approximate solutions to the equation of radiative transfer, first for a uniform surface, and then
for a nonuniform surface. This radiative transfer model was used to develop methods for
simultaneous remote sensing of surface albedo, the aerosol loading and the single scattering albedo
from an image acquired over surface with strong contrasts (e.g. a sea shore). The model was
redeveloped, with higher accuracy during my NRC residency (and later on while working for the
University of Maryland in NASA/GSFC) and applied to study the effect of the atmosphere on human
vision, on resolution of satellite imagery, on classification of surface features and on separability
of field classes. We found that the atmosphere has a profound effect on remote sensing. It can reduce
the apparent sensor resolution from 30m to 50m, and cause a misclassification of an inland water
body, that can be classified as a wheat stuble. These strong atmospheric effects over nonuniform
surfaces, as predicted by theory, requested experimental verifications. We performed field and
laboratory measurements to verify the very basic results of the predictions of radiative transfer
over a nonuniform surface. It was concluded that the radiative transfer model as well as Monte
Carlo simulations can predict the atmospheric effect, but they tend to overestimate the range of the
adjacency effect (the effect of a bright surface on the radiation over a nearby dark surface).
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
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Subject/Title of Document
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Class.
and Type
01. Resume
Resume of Yoram J. Kaufman [social security number
3/13/89
(b)(6)
redacted] (3 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
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Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
Global Climate Change Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Global Change Research Program (2) [1 of 3] [1990]
Date Closed:
4/6/2010
OA/ID Number:
62051-003
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P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
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Yoram J. Kaufman, social security: (b)(6)
An important question brought up by these studies was what are the important atmospheric
parameters that have to be measured or estimated in order to perform a correction and how to
determine these characteristics from satellite imagery. Methods were developed for estimating the
aerosol optical thickness and the single scattering albedo from the surface and from satellite
imagery. The estimated aerosol characteristics were used in a correction scheme. The derived
aerosol characteristics can be used not only to correct the imagery of the surface for the
atmospheric effects, but also to measure the loading, characteristics and transport of dense aerosol
due to air pollution or due to fires and the effect of these emissions on the tropospheric and
stratospheric chemistry and global climate.
Presently the remote sensing techniques are applied to study the effect of the extensive
biomass burning in the tropics on the atmospheric composition. Aerosol particulates emitted in the
fires are related to the emision of other trace gases and, as a result, can serve as tracers for their
emission. The effect of the particulates on cloud albedo is also studied. Due to increase in the
concentration of the CCN in the cloud, and the increase in the concentration of polutants in the cloud,
emission of particulates can cause an increase in the albedo of thin clouds (and thus global cooling)
and decrease in the albedo of thick clouds (and thus global warming). Remote sensing techniques
require contineous verification. We are studing new measurements techniques from the ground, in
which, in addition to the aerosol optical thickness also the path radiance and the aerosol scattering
phase function and size distribution can be determined.
List of journal publications:
1.
Y. J. Kaufman and U.P. Oppenheim, 1974: 'Rate equations of high gain lasers and determination of
laser parameters', Appl. Opt., 13, 374-378.
2.
U. P. Oppenheim and Y. J. Kaufman, 1974: Molecular saturation and the criterion for passive
Q-switching', IEEE J. Quant. Elect., QE-10, 533-540.
3.
Y. J. Kaufman and A. Gersten, 1976: 'Simultaneous heating and temperature measurements by an
IR laser beam', Appl. Opt., 15, 353-357.
4.
Y. J. Kaufman, 1976: 'Passive Q-switching at high intensities and high absorber pressures',
Appl. Opt., 15, 1530-1534.
5.
Y. J. Kaufman, 1976: High gain IR laser in passive Q-switching: operating criterion', Appl. Opt.,
15, 1535-1540.
6.
Y. J. Kaufman, S. Ruchin and U.P. Oppenheim, 1977: 'Nonlinear absorption of SF6 at high IR
intensities and high pressures', Appl. Opt., 16, 1187- 1191.
7.
Y. J. Kaufman and U.P. Oppenheim, 1977: Time resolved molecular extinction and heat effects
induced by IR radiation', Appl. Opt.,16, 1931-1935.
8.
Y. J. Kaufman, 1978: 'Influence of the atmosphere on the contrast of the Landsat images', COSPAR:
Space Res., XVII, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 65-68.
9.
Y. J. Kaufman, 1979: 'Effect of the earth atmosphere on contrast for zenith observation', J. Geoph.
Res., 84, 3165-3172.
10. Yu. Mekler and Y.J. Kaufman, 1980: 'The effect of earth's atmosphere on contrast reduction for a
nonuniform surface albedo and two-halves field', J. Geoph. Res., 85, 4067-4083.
11. U. Samir, Y.J. Kaufman, L.H. Brace and H.C. Briton, 1980: 'The dependence of ion density in the
wake of the AE-C satellite on the ratio of the body size to Debye length in an |0+|-dominated
plasma', J. Geoph. Res., 85,1769-1772.
12. U. Samir and Y.J. Kaufman, 1980: 'An assessment of the relative importance of body and plasma
properties in determining the ion current. Distribution in the wake of an ionospheric satellite', J.
Atmos. Terr. Physics, 42, 533-543.
13. J. Otterman, Y.J. Kaufman, M. Podolak and S. Ungar, 1980: Dependence of the spectral surface
irradiance on aerosol properties and surface reflectivity', Solar Energy, 24, 279- 286.
14. J. Otterman, S. Ungar, Y.J. Kaufman and M. Podolak, 1980: 'Atmospheric effect on radiometric
Bush Library Photocopy
March 13, 1989
3
Yoram J. Kaufman, social security: (b)(6)
imaging from satellites under low optical thick- ness conditions', Rem. Sens. Environ., 9,
115-129.
15. Y.J. Kaufman, 1981: 'Combined eye-atmosphere visibility model', Appl. Opt., 20, 1525- 1531.
16. Y.J. Kaufman and J.H. Joseph, 1982: 'Determination of surface albedos and aerosol extinction
characteristics from satellite imagery', J. Geoph. Res., 20, 1287-1299.
17. Y.J. Kaufman, 1982: 'Solution of the equation of radiative transfer for remote sensing over
two-dimensional surface reflectivity', J. Geoph. Res., 20, 4137-4147.
18. Yu. Mekler and Y.J. Kaufman, 1982: 'contrast reduction by the atmosphere and retrieval of
nonuniform surface reflectance', Appl. Opt., 21, 310-316.
19. Y.J. Kaufman and R.S. Fraser, 1983: 'Different atmospheric effects on remote sensing of
uniform and nonuniform surfaces', Adv. Space Res., 2. 147-155.
20. Y.J. Kaufman and R.S. Fraser, 1983: 'Light extinction by aerosol during summer air pollution',
J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1694-1706.
21. Y.J. Kaufman and R.S. Fraser, 1984: 'The effect of finite field size on classification and
atmospheric correction', Rem. Sens. Environ., 15, 95- 118.
22. Y.J. Kaufman, 1984: 'Atmospheric effect on spatial resolution of surface imagery', Appl. Opt.,
23, 3400-3408.
23. R.S. Fraser, Y.J. Kaufman and R.L. Mahoney, 1984: 'Satellite measurements of aerosol mass and
transport', J. Atmos. Environ., 18, 2577-2584.
24. Yu. Mekler, Y.J. Kaufman and R.S. Fraser, 1984: 'Reflectivity of the atmosphere-
inhomogeneous surface system: Laboratory simulation', J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2595-2604.
25. Y.J. Kaufman, 1984: 'Atmospheric effect on remote sensing of surface reflectance', SPIE, 475.
20-33.
26. Y.J. Kaufman, 1984: 'The atmospheric effect on separability of field classes measured from
satellite', Rem. Sens. Environ., 18, 21-34.
27. R.S. Fraser and Y.J. Kaufman, 1985: 'The relative importance of aerosol scattering and
absorption in remote sensing', IEEE J. Geosc. Rem. Sens., GE-23, 525-633.
28. Y.J. Kaufman, T.W. Brakke and E. Eloranta, 1986: 'Field experiment to measure the radiative
characteristics of a hazy atmosphere', J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1136-1151.
29. Yu. Mekler and Y.J. Kaufman, 1986: 'Visibility of the Halley's nucleus from Giotto spacecraft',
ICARUS, 64, 20-26.
30. T. Lee and Y.J. Kaufman, 1986: 'The effect of surface non-Lambertianity on remote sensing of
ground reflectance and vegetation index', IEEE J. Geosci. Rem. Sens., GE-24, 699-708.
31. R.S. Fraser and Y.J. Kaufman, 1986: 'Calibration of satellite sensors after launch', Appl. Opt.,
25, 1177-1185.
32. Y.J. Kaufman, 1987: 'Satellite sensing of aerosol absorption', J, Geoph. Res., 92, 4307-4317.
33. Y.J. Kaufman, 1988: 'Atmospheric effect on spectral signature measurements', COSPAR XXVI,
Adv. Space Res. 7, 203-206.
34a. Y.J. Kaufman, 1987: 'The effect of subpixel clouds on remote sensing', COSPAR XXVI, Adv.
Space Res. 7, 207-210.
34b. Y.J. Kaufman, 1987: 'The effect of subpixel clouds on remote sensing', Int. J. Rem. Sens., 8,
839-857.
35. Y.J. Kaufman, and C. Sandra, 1988: 'Satellite remote sensing of aerosol loading over land',
'Aerosols and Climate', Ed. P.V. Hobbs and M. P. McCormick, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA.
36. Y.J. Kaufman, and C. Sendra, 1988: 'Algorithm for atmospheric corrections of visible and near
IR satellite imagery', Int. J. Rem. Sens., 9, 1357-1381.
37. Y.J. Kaufman, 1988: 'Atmospheric effect on spectral signature measurements and
corrections', IEEE J. geos. and Rem. Sens. GE-26, July, 1988.
38. Y.J. Kaufman, R.S. Fraser and R.A. Ferrare, 1988: 'Satellite remote sensing of large scale air
pollution method', submitted to J. Geoph. Res. (April)
Bush Library Photocopy
March 13, 1989
4
Yoram J. Kaufman, social security: (b)(6)
39. R.A. Ferrare, R.S. Fraser and Y.J. Kaufman 1988: 'Satellite remote sensing of large scale air
pollution - measurements of forest fires smoke', submitted to J. Geoph. Res. (April)
40. Y.J. Kaufman, C.J. Tucker and I. Fung, 1988: 'Remote sensing of biomass burning in the tropics',
to be published in COSPAR XXVII, Adv. Space Res.
41. Y.J. Kaufman and B.N. Holben, 1989: 'Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near-IRbands by
atmospheric scattering, ocean glint and desert reflection', in preparation for IEEE Trans. Geoph.
and Rem. Sens.
Invited presentation in national or international conferences
1.
Y.J. Kaufman, and R.S. Fraser, 1982: 'Different atmospheric effects in remote sensing of
uniform and nonuniform surfaces', COSPAR 24ᵗʰ Plenary meeting, Ottawa, Canada.
2.
R.S. Fraser and Y.J. Kaufman, 1982: 'Determination of aerosol loading from satellite imagery
over land', COSPAR 24ᵗʰ Plenary meeting, Ottawa, Canada.
3.
Y.J. Kaufman, 1983: 'Atmospheric effects on spatial resolution and classification of surface
imagery', 21ˢᵗ Aerospace Sciences meeting, Reno, Nevada.
4.
Y.J. Kaufman, 1984: 'Atmospheric effects on remote sensing of surface reflectance', SPIE critical
review of remote sensing, Crystal City, Virginia.
5.
Y.J. Kaufman, 1987: 'An algorithm for atmospheric corrections', ISLSCP Satellite data algorithm
workshop, JPL, Pasadena, California.
6.
Y.J. Kaufman, 1988: 'Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol over water. and land', Australian
conference on remote sensing, Canbera, Australia.
Participation in NASA investigations
1.
Co-Investigator in: 'Satellite sensing of air pollution', 1980-1987.
2.
Co-Investigator in: 'Atmospheric effects on remote sensing of the earth's surface', 1982-1988.
3. Member of NASA Multispectral linear array (MLA) science team, 1981-1983.
4.
Co-Investigator in: Remote sensing of the effect of biomass burning on the atmosphere,
NASA/GSFC director's discretionally funds, 1988 and 1989.
5.
Co-Principal investigator in: 'Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near-IR bands by
atmospheric scattering, ocean glint and desert reflection', approved for 1989
6.
Co-Principal investigator in: 'Automatic atmospheric correction for remote sensing of the earth's
surface', approved for 1989
7. Co-Principal investigator in: 'Remote sensing of biomass burning', pending approval for 1989.
8. Principal investigator - member of EOS-MODIS team on: Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol
and application to aerosol climatology, biomass burning and atmospheric corrections', since
1989.
Bush Library Photocopy
NAME:
Elissa R. Levine
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Soil Science
EDUCATION:
1978 - B.S.
Natural Resource Management
Kansas State University
1981 - M.S.
Agronomy
The Pennsylvania State University
1984 - Ph.D.
Agronomy
The Pennsylvania State University
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1975
Student Trainee Soil Conservationist
USDA Soil Conservation Service
South Hutchinson, Kansas
1976
Student Trainee Soil Scientist
USDA Soil Conservation Service
Beloit, Kansas
1975 - 1977
Lab Technician
Soil Fertility Research Laboratory
and Tutor
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
1980
Soil Scientist
USDA Soil Conservation Service
Clearfield, Pennsylvania
1978 - 1981
Research and Teaching Assistant
Department of Agronomy
The Pennsylvania State University
1981 - 1984
Research and Teaching Assistant
Institute for Land and Water Resources
The Pennsylvania State University
1984 - 1986
Private Consultant
Soils and Land Use
Computer Programming
New Haven, Connecticut
1985 - 1986
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Plant Science Department
University of Connecticut
1986
Resident Research Associate
National Research Council of the
National Academy of Sciences
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
1986
Physical Scientist, Earth
Resources Branch NASA/GSFC
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Society of Agronomy
Soil Science Society of America
Society of Soil Scientists of Southern New England
Gamma Sigma Delta, the Honor Society of Agriculture
Sigma Delta Epsilon, Graduate Women in Science
Mid Atlantic Association of Professional Soil
Scientists
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1981 "Time as a Factor in the Genesis of Soil Formed from Glacial Till
in Northeastern Pennsylvania", E.R. Levine, M.S. Thesis,
Department of Agronomy, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA.
2. 1983 "Soil Development in Till of Various Ages in Northeastern
Pennsylvania", E.R. Levine and E.J. Ciolkosz, Quaternary
Research 19:85-99.
3. 1983 "Evaluation of Acid Rain Sensitivity of Pennsylvania Soils", E.J.
Ciolkosz and E.R. Levine, Research Project Tech. Completion
Report, A-058-PA, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, DC.
4. 1984 "An Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Pennsylvania Soils of Acid
Precipitation", E.R. Levine, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Agronomy,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
5. 1986 "A Computer Simulation Model for Soil Genesis Applications", E.R.
Levine and E.J. Ciolkosz, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:661-667.
6. 1986 "Modeling Soil Genesis Using Characterization and Remotely Sensed
Data", E.R. Levine, J.R. Irons and E.J. Ciolkosz, Agronomy
Abstracts, 78th Annual Meeting, American Society of Agronomy,
New Orleans, Louisiana.
7. 1986 "Soils as a Predictor of Groundwater Pollution from Pesticides",
E.R. Levine, Cooperative Extension Service Publication,
University of Connecticut.
8. 1987 "Relationships of Soils and Vegetative Growth in South America
Using Satellite Imagery", E.R. Levine, A.G. Kerber, T. Cook,
and J. Kimble. Agronomy Abstracts, 79th Annual Meeting,
American Soc. of Agronomy, Atlanta, Georgia.
9.
1987 "Soil Moisture and Temperature Regimes - Their Relationaships to
Vegetative Index in Africa. T.D. Cook, E. Levine, H. Eswaran,
and W. Reybold. Agronomy Abstracts, 79th Annual Meeting,
American Soc. of Agronomy, Atlanta, Georgia.
10. 1988 "Computer Simulation of Soil Sensitivity to Acid Rain," E.R.
Levine and E.J. Ciolkosz, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:209-215.
11. 1989 "A method for predicting soil temperature on a monthly basis",
E.R. Levine and K. Anderson, in preparation.
12. 1989 "Boreal forest ecosystem dynamics: Linking forest succession,
soil process, and radiation models", K.J. Ranson, E.R. Levine,
J. Smith and H. Shugart, in preparation.
13. 1989 "Changes in Boreal Forest Soils and Response to Global Climate
Change", E.R. Levine, Ecological Society of America Annual
Meeting.
14. 1989 "Using Remotely Sensed Spectral Reflectance to Identify Soils",
W.T. Lawrence, J.R. Irons and E.R. Levine.
15. 1989 "Climate, soil, and Vegetation Index Relationships in South
America", A.G. Kerber and E.R. Levine, in prep.
16. 1989 "A Method for Predicting Soil Temperature on a Monthly Basis",
E.R. Levine and K. Anderson, in prep.
17. 1989 "The Effect of Climate Change on Soils of the Boreal Forest",
E.R. Levine, in prep.
18. 1989 "A Simple Model for Predicting Monthly Soil Moisture", E.R.
Levine, in prep.
19. 1989 "Iron Oxide Distribution in Soils of the Northeastern U.S. and its
Relationship to Sulfate Absorption", W.W. Waltman, E.R. Levine
and E.J. Ciolkosz, in prep.
NAME:
Ross F. Nelson
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
The use of AVHRR and Landsat digital data for
monitoring tropical and subtropical forest con-
version, development of statistical and image
processing procedures for subcontinental and
continental resource assessment, use of airborne
laser data to characterize the forest canopy and
to estimate forest biomass and timber volume,
use of aircraft and satellite scanner data for
delineating insect defoliation.
EDUCATION:
1974 - B.S. Forestry
University of Maine, Orono
1979 - M.S.
Forestry/Remote Sensing
Purdue University
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1977 - 1979 Research Assistant
Purdue University
AWARDS:
1983
Special Achievement Award
1985
Group Achievement Award - TM Data
Analysis Team
PUBLICATIONS
1. 1979 "Computer-Aided Processing of Landsat MSS Data for Classification
of Forestlands", LARS Technical Report 102679, Laboratory for
Applications of Remote Sensing W. Lafayette, IN, 95 pp.
2. 1979 "Digital Processing of Landsat MSS and Topographic Data to Improve
Capabilities for Computerized Mapping and Forest Cover Types",
R.M. Hoffer, M.D. Fleming, L.A. Bartolucci, S.M. Davis, and R.F.
Nelson, LARS Technical Report 011579, Laboratory for
Applications Remote Sensing, W. Lafayette, IN, 159 pp.
3. 1980 "Procedure 1 and Forestland Classification Using Landsat Data",
R.F. Nelson and R.M. Hoffer, Presentation and Publication,
Proceedings of Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data,
Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, pp. 319-324.
4. 1980 "Evaluation of Landsat Data Analysis for Forest Survey", R.P.
Mroczynski, R.M. Hoffer, R.F. Nelson, LARS Technical Report
101880, Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing, W.
Lafayette, IN, 41 pp.
5. 1981 "A Comparison of Two Methods for Classifying Forestlands",
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2 (1) 49-60.
6. 1981 "Defining the Temporal Window for Monitoring Forest Canopy
Defoliation Using Landsat", Presentation and Publication, ASP-
ACSM Meeting, Technical Papers, Washington, DC, pp. 367-382.
7. 1982 "Evaluation of the Temporal Registration of Landsat Scenes", R.F.
Nelson and G. Grebowsky, International Journal of Remote
Sensing, 3:45-50.
8. 1982 "Detecting Forest Canopy Change Using Landsat", AgRISTARS Final
Report RR-62-04258, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
MD, 80 pp.
9. 1982 "Development of a Statewide Landsat Digital Data Base for Forest
Insect Damage Assessment", D.L. Williams, L.E. Dottavio, and
R.F. Nelson, Presentation and publication, Auto Carto V, ISPRS,
Crystal City, VA.
10. 1982 "The Application of Remote Sensing in Geobotanical Exploration for
Metal Sulfides - Results from the 1980 Field Season", M.L.
Labovitz, E.J. Masuoka, R. Bell, A.W. Siegrist, and R.F. Nelson,
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 45 pp.
11. 1983 "The Application of Remote Sensing in Geobotanical Exploration for
Metal Sulfides, Results from the 1980 Field Season at Mineral,
Virginia", M.L. Labovitz, E.J. Masuoka, R. Bell, A.W. Siegrist,
and R.F. Nelson, Economic Geology 78 (4) 750-760.
12. 1983 "Forest Canopy Change Detection Using Landsat", Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 49 (9) 1303-1314.
13. 1983 "The Applications of Remote Sensing in Geobotanical Exploration
for Metal Sulfides", E.J. Masuoka, M.L. Labovitz, R. Bell, R.F.
Nelson, P.W. Broderick, and R.W. Ludwig, International Symposium
on Remote Sensing of Environment, Second Thematic Conference,
Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 669-
677.
14. 1983 "Monitoring the Defoliation of Hardwood Forests in Pennsylvania
Using Landsat", C.L. Dottavio, R.F. Nelson, and D.L. Williams,
Final Report, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,
31 pp. and Appendices.
15. 1983 "Preliminary Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Sensor Characteristics
Relative to Land Cover/Land Use Discrimination", D.L. Williams,
J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S. Latty,
and M.L. Stauffer, In J.H. McElroy and E.L. Hancock, ed. Space
Applications at the Crossroads, 21st Goddard Memorial Symposium,
Univelt, Inc., San Diego, CA, pp. 67-78.
16. 1983 "Impact of Thematic Mapper Sensor Characteristics on
Classification Accuracy", D.L. Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L.
Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S. Latty and M.L. Stauffer,
IEEE Digest/Proceedings of the 1983 International Geoscience and
Remote Sensing Syposium, August 31 - September 2, 1983, San
Francisco, CA, IEEE Cat. No. 83CH1837-4: pp. 5.1-5.9.
17. 1984 "Quick Look Analysis of TM Data of the Washington, DC Area", D.L.
Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S.
Latty and M.L. Stauffer, Proceedings of the Early Results from
Landsat-4 Symposium, February 22-24, 1983, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt,
MD, 13 pp.
18. 1984 "A Statistical Evaluation of the Advantages of Landsat Thematic
Mapper Data in Comparison to Multispectral Scanner Data", D.L.
Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S.
Latty and M.L. Stauffer, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and
Remote Sensing, GE-22 (3) 294-302.
19. 1984 "Determining Forest Canopy Characteristics Using Airborne Laser
Data", R.F. Nelson, W. Krabill, and G. MacLean, Remote Sensing
of Environment, 15:201-212.
20. 1984 "Classifying Northern Forests Using Thematic Mapper Simulator
Data", R.F. Nelson, R.S. Latty and G. Mott, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 50 (5) : 607-617.
21. 1984 "The Effects of Sensor Advancements on Thematic Mapper Data
Classification", J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L.
Toll, D.L. Williams, R.S. Latty, R.L. Kennard and M.L. Stauffer,
Environment, Paris, France, October 1-5, 1984.
22. 1984 "Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere Using Satellite Data of Tropical
Deforestation", T.A. Stone, R.A. Houghton, G.M. Woodwell, R.F.
Nelson, and W. Kovalick, Proceedings, A.G.U., San Francisco, CA,
December 1984, EOS 65 (45) :847.
23. 1985 "The Effects of Spatial Resolution of the Classification of
Thematic Mapper Data", J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson,
D.L. Toll, D.L. Williams, R.S. Latty, and M.L. Stauffer,
International Journal of Remote Sensing 6 (8) :1385-1403.
24. 1985 "A Georeferenced Landsat Digital Data Base for Forest Insect
Damage Assessment", D.L. Williams, R.F. Nelson and C.L.
Dottavio, International' Journal of Remote Sensing 6 (5) : 643-656.
25. 1985 "Experimental Evidence for Spring and Fall Windows for the
Detection of Geobotanical Anomalies through the Remote Sensing
of Overlying Vegetation", M.L. Labovitz, E.J. Masuoka, R. Bell,
R.F. Nelson, C.A. Larsen, L.K. Hooker and K.W. Troensegaard,
International Journal of Remote Sensing 6 (1) 195-216.
26. 1985 "Reducing Landsat MSS Scene Variability", Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 51 (5) 583-593.
27. 1985 "Sensor-Induced Temporal Variability of Landsat MSS Data", Remote
Sensing of Environment 18:35-48.
28. 1985 "Information Extraction Performance Comparisons Between Variable
Spatial Resolutions and Variable Classifiers", R. Latty, R.
Nelson, B. Markham, D. Williams, D. Toll, and J. Irons, LIDQA
Conference, Fall 1985, Indianapolis, IN.
29. 1985 "Performance Comparisons Between Information Extraction Techniques
Using Variable Spatial Resolution Data", R. Latty, R. Nelson, B.
Markham, D. Williams, D. Toll, and J. Irons, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 51 (9) : 1459-1470.
30. 1986 "Use of Remotely Sensed Data for Assessing Forest Stand Conditions
in the Eastern United States", D.L. Williams and R.F. Nelson,
IEEE Transactions and Geoscience and Remote Sensing, AgRISTARS
Special Issue GE-24 (1) 130-138.
31. 1986 "Identifying Deforestation in Brazil Using Multiresolution
Satellite Data", R.F. Nelson and B.N. Holben, International
Journal of Remote Sensing 7 (3) 429-448.
32. 1986 "Directional Reflectance Distributions of a Hardwood and Pine
Forest Canopy", D.S. Kimes, W.W. Newcomb, R.F. Nelson, and J.B.
Schutt, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
24 (2) 281-293.
33. 1986 "A Determination of Sampling Intensity to Characterize a Landsat
MSS Scene Using Two Block Sizes", N. Horning, R.F. Nelson, D.W.
Case, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Technical Papers, Anchorage, AL, Fall 1986, pp. 244-254.
34. 1986 "Monitoring Tropical Deforestation in Mato Grosso, Brazil Using
Landsat MSS and AVHRR Data", R. Nelson and N. Horning, Final
Report, Code 623, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,
MD, 47 pps.
35. 1987 "Continental Land Cover Assessment Using Landsat MSS Data", R.F.
Nelson, D.W. Case, N. Horning, V. Anderson, and S. Pillai,
Remote Sensing of Environment, 21:61-81.
36. 1987 "Determining Rate of Forest Conversion in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Using Landsat MSS and AVHRR Data", R. Nelson, N. Horning, and T.
Stone, International Journal of Remote Sensing 8 (12) : 1767-1784.
37. 1987 "Estimating Forest Biomass and Volume Using Airborne Laser Data",
R. Nelson, W. Krabill, and J. Tonelli, Remote Sensing of
Environment, in press.
38. 1987 "Deforestation in the Tropics: New Measurements in the Amazon
Basin Using Landsat and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer Imagery", G.M. Woodell, R.A. Houghton, T.A. Stone,
R.F. Nelson, and W. Kovalick, Journal of Geophysical Research
92 (D2) :2157-2163.
39. 1988 "Laser Applications in the Assessment of Vegetation Yield, Vigor,
and Species Type", E. Chappelle, D. Williams, R. Nelson and J.
McMurtrey, submitted to Laser Focus.
40. 1988 "Large Scale Forest Resource Assessment Using Landsat and
Airphotos", R. Nelson, V. Anderson and N. Horning, submitted to
Journal of World Forest Rsource Management.
41. 1988 "The Use of Airborne Lasers for Estimating Forest Canopy and Stand
Characteristics", R. Nelson, R. Swift and W. Krabill, submitted
to Journal of Forestry.
NAME :
K. Jon Ranson
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Radiative Transfer in Vegetation Canopies,
Forest Dynamics, Natural Resource and Agriculture
Remote Sensing
EDUCATION:
1972 - B.S.
Watershed Sciences
Colorado State University
1975 - M.S.
Earth Resources
Colorado State University
1983 - Ph.D.
Agronomy
Purdue University
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1985 - 1986
Research Agronomist
Laboratory for Applications of
Remote Sensing (LARS)
Purdue University
1984
Post-Doctoral Research Associate
Purdue University
1980 - 1983
Graduate Instructor
Agronomy Department and LARS
Purdue University
1978 - 1980
Research Associate
Department of Forest and Wood
Sciences
Colorado State University
1976 - 1978
Research Associate
Earth Resources Department
Colorado State University
1972 - 1975
Graduate Research Assistant
Earth Resources Department
Colorado State University
1971 - 1972
Junior Research Technician
Department of Watershed Sciences
Colorado State University
1971
NSF Student Originated Studies
Department of Watershed Sciences
Colorado State University
1969 - 1971
Work Study Student
Department of Watershed Sciences
Colorado State University
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing
HONORARIES :
Sigma Xi
PUBLICATIONS
1.
1980 "The Lambertian Assumpton and Landsat Data", J.A. Smith, T.L. Lin
and K.J. Ranson, Photogramm. Engin. Remote Sens. (9) 1183-
1189.
2.
1980 "A Monte Carlo Simulation of Canopy Absorption", D.S. Kimes, K.J.
Ranson and J.A. Smith, Photosynthetica 14 (1) 55-64.
3. 1980 "InterpretingVvegetation Reflectance Measurements as a Function of
Solar Zenith Angle", D.S. Kimes, J.A. Smith and K.J. Ranson,
Photogramm. Engin. Remote Sens. 46(12) 1563-1573.
4. 1981 "Thermal Vegetation Canopy Modeling Studies", J.A. Smith, K.J.
Ranson, D. Nguyen, L. Balick, L. Fritschen and B. Hutchinson,
Remote Sens. Environ. 11:311-326.
5.
1983 "A Study of the Angular Reflectance Characteristics of Corn and
Soybean Canopies," K.J. Ranson, Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue
University, (Diss. Abstr. 84-07598).
6.
1984 "Soybean Canopy Modeling Data Sets," K.J. Ranson, L.L. Biehl and
C.S.T. Daughtry, LARS Tech. Rep. No. 071584, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, IN 47907.
7.
1985 "Variation in Spectral Response of Soybeans with Respect to
Illumination View and Canopy Geometry,' K.J. Ranson, L.L. Biehl
and M.E. Bauer, Int. J. Remote Sens. 6:1827-1842.
8.
1985 "Sun-Angle Effects on Reflectance Factors of Corn Canopies," K.J.
Ranson, C.S.T. Daughtry, L.L. Biehl and M.E. Bauer, Remote
Sens. Environ. 18:147-161.
9.
1985 "Two-Dimensional Leaf Orientation Distributions, D.E. Strebel,
N.S. Goel and K.J. Ranson, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.
Vol. GE-22:640-647.
10. 1986 "Sun-Angle View Angle and Background Effects on Spectral Response
of Simulated Balsam Fir Canopies, K.J. Ranson, C.S.T. Daughtry
and L.L. Biehl, Photogramm. Engin. Remote Sensing 52:649-658.
11. 1986 "Measuring and Modeling Biophysical and Optical Properties of
Diverse Vegetative Canopies," C.S.T. Daughtry and K.J. Ranson,
Final Report NASA Contract NAS-16528. LARS Report 043086,
Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, 56 pp.
12. 1986 "Forecasting Vegetative Stress via Remote Sensing Techniques",
C.J. Johannsen and K.J. Ranson, M.S. Zuber, E.B. Lillehoj and
B.L. Renfro, eds., Aflatoxin in Maize: A proceedings of the
workshop, CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F. April 7-11, pp. 110-118.
13. 1986 "Assessing Vegetation Characteristics with Multispectral Data",
C.S.T. Daughtry and K.J. Ranson, ASAE Winter Meeting, Paper No.
86-3514, Chicago, IL, Dec. 16-19.
14. 1987 "Scene Shadow Effects on Multispectral Response," K.J. Ranson and
C.S.T. Daughtry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., GE-25:502-509.
15. 1987 "Inferring Spectral Reflectance of Plant Elements by Simple
Inversion of Bidirectional Reflectance Measurements," J.
Otterman, D.E. Strebel and K.J. Ranson, Remote Sens. Environ.
21:215-228.
16. 1987 "Backscattering at 5GHz from Corn Canopies", C.S.T. Daughtry, K.J.
Ranson and L.L. Biehl, Agronomy Abstracts, American Society of
Agronomy Annual Meetings, Atlanta, GA, Nov. 29-Dec. 4.
17. 1988 "Estimating big bluestem albedo from directional reflectance
measurements", J.R. Irons, K.J. Ranson and C.S.T. Daughtry,
Remote Sensing of Environ. in press.
18. 1988 "Characterization of Forest Ecosystem Dynamics Through Modeling
and Remote Sensing Observations", K.J. Ranson, J.A. Smith and
F.G. Hall, Proc. IGARSS '88 Symp. Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 13-
16.
19. 1989 "A new Technique for Measuring the Optical Properties of Small
Leaves", C.S.T. Daughtry, L.L. Biehl and K.J. Ranson, (in press)
Remote Sens. Environ.
20. 1989 "C-Band Backscattering from Corn Canopies", C.S.T. Daughtry, K.J.
Ranson and L.L. Biehl, accepted to Int'l Journal Remote Sensing.
21. 1989 "Forest and grassland ecosystem studies using ASAS", J.I. Irons,
K.J. Ranson, D.L. Williams, R.R. Irish, F.G. Huegel and M.E.
Bauer, Third Interagency Airborne Geoscience Workshop, La Jolla,
CA 21-24 Feb.
22. 1989 "Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Studies Using the Advanced Solid-
state Array Spectrometer", IGARSS'89, Vancouver, Canada 10-14
July. (abstract submitted).
23. 1989 "Change in conifer needle optical properties as a function of
age", D.L. Williams, K.J. Ranson and J.R. Donnelly, Ecological
Society of America Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada, 6-10
August. (abstract submitted).
THOMAS R. WATTERS
ADDRESS:
1801 Merrifields Dr.
Silver Spring, MD 20906
EDUCATION:
George Washington University, Ph.D., Geology (1981-1985). Dissertation:
Compressional Deformation and the Tectonic Evolution of the Tharsis
Region of Mars.
Bryn Mawr College, M.A., Geology (1977-1979), Thesis: The Aubrites:
Their Origin and Relationship to Enstatite Chrondrites.
West Chester University, B.S., Earth Sciences (1973-1977), Honors: Magna
Cum Laude, Dean's List, Kappa Delta Phi, Who's Who in American
Colleges and Universities, William P. Phillips Memorial Scholarship.
EXPERIENCE:
Research Geologist, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian
Institution, Planetary Geology and Tectonics and Digital Image
Processing (1981-present).
Consultant, Geology Department, George Washington University, Geologic
Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope (1982-1984).
Research Assistant, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, Electron Microprobe and Fission Track
Studies of Meteorites (1980-1981).
Research Fellowship, American Museum of Natural History, Electron Micro-
probe and Petrographic Study of Aubriyttes and Related Meteorites
(1978-1980).
Teaching Assistant, Bryn Mawr College (1977-1979), Physical and Historical
Geology, Crystallography and Optical Crystallography.
Undergraduate Assistant, West Chester University (1973-1977), Teaching
Assistant in General and Advanced Astronomy, Physical and Historical
Geology, Operation and Maintenance of Observatory and X-ray
Diffraction Equipment.
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Clay Minerals in Hudson River Valley,
Weston Environmental Co. (1977).
SKILLS:
Digital image processing of planetary and Landsat data. Adaptation
and use of E.L.A.S. image processing software. Programming (Fortran,
Basic, PLIG, Prime Computer Command Procedure Language (CPL), and Prime
Computer operating language, Primos, Prime Assembly Language. Image
processing software development. Development of computer hardware
interface software. System Administration of a Prime computer. Computer
equipment: Prime, Tektronix, Advanced Electronic Design, Honeywell,
Electron Microprobe, Microanalysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray
diffraction, Atomic Absorption, UBV spectrophotometry, Photography (black
and white and color), drafting, teaching, preparation and presentation of
scholarly research papers.
REFERENCES:
Dr. Ted A. Maxwell, Chairman, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies,
National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C.
Dr. George G. Stephens, Associate Professor of Geology, George Washington
University, Washington, D.C.
Dr. M. L. Crawford, Chairman, Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College,
Pennsylvania.
PUBLICATIONS:
Watters, T.R. and M. Prinz (1979) Aubrites: Their Origin and Relationship
to E Chondrites, Lunar and Planet. Sci. X, p. 1319-1321, The Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston.
Watters, T.R. (1979) Aromatum Chaos: Catastrophic Flooding or Pure
Gravitational Sliding, EOS, Transact. AGU, V. 60, n. 18, p. 306.
Watters, T.R. and M. Prinz (1979) Aubrites: Their Origin and Relationship
to Enstatite Chondrites, Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 10th, p.
1073-1093.
Watters, T.R. and M. Prinz (1980) Mt. Egerton and the Aubrite Parent
Body. Lunar and Planet. Sci. XI, The Lunar and Planetary Institute,
Houston, p. 1225-1227.
Watters, T.R., M. Prinz, E.R. Rambaldi, and J.T. Wasson (1980) Alha 78113,
Mt. Egerton and the Aubrite Parent Body, Meteoritics, V. 15, p. 407.
Rajan, R.S., T.R. Watters, and B.K. Kothari (1980) Variation of Fission
tracks in the surfaces of olivines from Murchison: Time Differences
or Heterogeneity of 244 pu on a Microscale, Meteoritics, v. 15, p.
351.
Rajan, R.S., T.R. Watters, and B.K. Kothari (1980) Variation of Fission
Tracks on the surfaces of olivines from Murchison Carbonaceous
Chondrite, Carnegie Institution of Washington Annual Report 1979-1980,
p. 551-553.
Rajan, R.S., G. Poupeau, A.S. Tamhane, J. Gooding, and T.R. Watters (1981)
Incorporation of olivines in the matrix of carbonaceous chondrites:
When did it all happen, Meteoritics, V. 16, p. 378.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1981) Ridge-Fault Intersections and
Tharsis tectonics. Papers presented at Third International Colloquium
on Mars, p. 270-272.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1981) Ridge-rille intersections in the
Tharsis Province of Mars. NASA TM-84211, p. 383-385.
Maxwell, T.A. and T.R. Watters (1981) Ridge orientations in the Tharsis
Province of Mars: Deviation from Tharsis related trends. NASA
TM-84211, p. 380-382.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1982) Strain estimates for the ridged
plains of Mars: Evidence of compression in the Coprates Quadrangle.
NASA TM-85127, p. 279-281.
Watters, T.R. and G.C. Stephens (1983) SEM and Electron microprobe studies
of dissolution cleavage in the Martinsburg formation of northern
Virginia, Geological Soc. Amer., in press.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1983) Lithospheric thickness based on
volcano spacing in the Tharsis region of Mars. Proc. Lunar and
Planet. Sci. Conf. 14th, Lunar and Planet. Institute, Houston, p.
836-837.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1983) Estimates of the extent and
magnitude of compressional deformation southeast of the Tharsis region
of Mars. EOS, Transactions, AGU, v. 64, n. 18, p. 257.
Wynn, J.G., B. Waitzeneger, T.R. Watters, H. Mirzai-Pouinak, and A.
Gardner (1983) Aeromagnetic survey and interpretive maps of the San
Simon 15' quadrangle Arizona and New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Survey
Open-File Report 83-631, USGS, Reston, Va.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1983) Cross-cutting relatins and relative
ages of ridges and faults in the Tharsis region of Mars. Icarus, V.
56, p. 278-298.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1984) Compressional features in the
Tharsis region of Mars: I. Geographic extent of deformation.
Reports of Planetary Geology, NASA Tech. Mem. 86246, p. 301-303.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1984) Compressional features in the
Tharsis region of Mars: II. Orientations and timing of deformation.
Reports of Planetary Geology, NASA Tech. Mem. 86246, p. 304-306.
Watters, T.R. (1984) Gravity induced compressive stress in the Tharsis
region of Mars. Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 15th, Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 898-899.
Maxwell, T.A. and T.R. Watters (1984) Photogeology of structural
landforms in the Tharsis region of Mars. National Air and Space
Museum Research Report 1984, Smithsonian Institution Press, p.
135-147.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1985) Mechanisms of basalt-plains ridge
deformation. Report of Planetary Geology Program, 1984, NASA Tech.
Mem. 87563, p. 479-481.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1985) Fold model for ridges of the Tharsis
region of Mars. Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 16th, Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 897-898.
Maxwell, T.A. and T.R. Watters (1985) The Mars ancient cratered terrain -
smooth plains boundary: Implications of Viking color data for the
Amenthes region. Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 16th, Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 526-527.
Watters, T.R. (1985) Basalt-plains ridges: analogs and fold mechanisms.
National Air and Space Museum Research Report 1985, Smithsonian
Institution Press, p. 225-226.
Watters, T.R. (1985) Ridges of the Tharsis and Columbia Plateaus: A
fold model. GSA Abstracts with Programs, V. 17, p. 745.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1986) The Tharsis plateau ridge system:
Inferred and predicted compressive stresses. Report of Planetary
Geology Program, 1985, NASA Tech. Mem. 88383, p. 406-407.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1986) Strain estimates for basalt plains
ridges on Mars, Earth, and the Moon. Proc. Lunar and Planetary Sci.
Conf. 17th, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 929-930.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1986) Orientation, relative age and extent
of the Tharsis ridge system. EOS, v. 67, n. 20, p. 487.
Watters, T.R. and T.A. Maxwell (1986) Orientation, relative age and extent
of the Tharsis Plateau ridge system. J. Geophys. Res., V. 91, p.
8113-8125.
Watters, T.R. (1986) The Tharsis Plateau: A case for thin-skinned
deformation on Mars. GSA Abstracts with Programs, V. 18, p. 783.
Watters, T.R. (1986) Structural analysis of the volcanic plains of the
Columbia Plateau using Seasat radar. EOS, v. 67, p. 1075.
Watters, T.R. (1987) Volcanic-Plains ridges on the terrestrial planets:
A comparison of the Columbia and Tharsis Plateaus. Geol. Soc. Am.
Abstracts with Programs, V. 19, p. 463.
Watters, T.R. (1987) The volcanic plains ridges of the Chryse and Amazonis
depressions. Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 18th, Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 1064-1065.
Watters, T.R. (1987) Thin and thick-skinned deformation in the Tharsis
region of Mars (Abstract). Reports of Planetary Geology and
Geophysics Program, 1986, NASA Tech. Memo. 89810, p. 481-483.
Watters, T.R. (1987) The volcanic plains ridges of the Chryse and
Amazonis depressions. Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 18th, Lunar
and Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 1064-1065.
Watters, T.R. (1987) The origin of volcanic-plains anticlinal ridges:
The role of reverse and thrust faulting. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts
with Programs, V. 19, p. 883.
Watters, T.R. (1988) Arches, Anticlinal Ridges, Crenulate and
Sub-crenulate Ridges: The Wrinkle Ridge Assemblage. Reports of
Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1987, NASA Tech. Memo. 4041,
p. 470-472.
Watters, T.R. (1988) The Periodic Nature and Possible Origin of Anticlinal
Ridge Spacings on the Tharsis and Columbia Plateaus. Reports of
Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1987, NASA Tech. Memo. 4041,
p. 473-475.
Watters, T.R. (1988) Strain Distribution in the Anticlinal Ridges of the
Columbia Plateau: Implications for Their Origin and the Origin of
First-order Ridges on the Terrestrial Planets. Proc. Lunar and
Planet. Sci. Conf. 19th, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, p.
1243-1244.
Watters, T.R. (1988) The Wrinkle Ridge Assemblage. Proc. Lunar and
Planet. Sci. Conf. 19th, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, p.
1245-1246.
Watters, T.R., M.J. Tuttle and J. Chadwick (1988) Mare Ridge - Highland
Scarp Structures and Upland Scarps on the Moon, Mars and Mercury.
Proc. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf. 19th, Lunar and Planetary
Institute, Houston, p. 1247-1248.
Watters, T.R. (1988a) Anticlinal ridges on the terrestrial planets.
J. Geophys. Res. in press.
Watters, T.R. (1988b) The Columbia and Tharsis plateaus: A comparison
of anticlinal ridges. Submitted to the Fourth Columbia River Basalt
Symposium Special Paper, Geol. Soc. America.
Watters, T.R. and M.J. Tuttle (1988) Evidence of a shear system
associated with the deformed basalts of the Columbia Plateau:
Implications for the ridged plains units on Mars. Submitted to
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs.
Miscellaneous Publications:
Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program - 1984, compiled by
H.E. Holt and T.R. Watters, NASA Technical Memorandum 87563, 618 p.
INVITED PAPERS:
Fourth Columbia River Basalt Symposium, Geological Society of America,
Cordilleran Section (1987)
PAPERS PRESENTED:
10th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1979)
Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (1979)
11th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1980)
43rd Meteorological Society Meeting (1980)
3rd International Colloquium on Mars (1981)
14th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1983)
Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (1983)
Geological Society of America, Northeast Section (1983)
ELAS Users Group Conference (1984)
Geological Society of America Annual Meeting (1985)
16th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1985)
17th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1986)
Geological Society of America Annual Meeting (1986)
Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (1986)
18th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1987)
19th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1988)
POSTERS PRESENTED:
Geological Society of America Annual Meeting (1987)
GRANTS:
Co-Investigator: 1983-present: Photogeologic Investigations of Planetary
Tectonic Features. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Co-Investigator: 1985-present: Environmental Processes and Spectral
Reflectance Characteristics Associated with Soil Erosion in Desert
Fringe Regions. National Aeronautics and Space Administation.
Co-Investigator: 1986-present: Remote Sensing Investigations of Possible
Intraplate Fault Reactivation During Red Sea Rifting. National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Principal Investigator: 1986-1987: Structural Geology and Origin of
Basalt-Plains Ridges. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Principal Investigator: 1987- : Volcanic Plains Deformation on the
Terrestrial Planets. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Principal Investigator: 1987- : The Nature and Origin of Periodically
spaced Tectonic Features on Mars. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
Principal Investigator: Analysis of Tectonic Features on the Terrestrial
Planets. Submitted to National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
Member; Geological Society of America
Member; American Geophysical Union
NAME:
Darrel L. Williams
PRESENT POSITION:
Physical Scientist
Earth Resources Branch
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
RESEARCH AREA
EXPERIENCE:
Collection, Analysis and Interpretation of
Remotely Sensed Data, with Emphasis on
Forest Canopies
EDUCATION:
1973 - B.S. Forest Science
Pennsylvania State University
1974 - M.S.
Forest Science
Pennsylvania State University
1986
Ph.D. candidate in Biogeography
University of Maryland
PREVIOUS POSITIONS:
1973 - 1974 Graduate Research Assistant
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
American Society of Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing
Association of American Geographers
HONORARIES:
Alpha Zeta
Phi Epsilon Phi
Xi Sigma Pi
PUBLICATIONS
1. 1973 "Survey and Inventory of Forest Resources", B.J. Turner and D.L.
Williams, Interdisciplinary Applications and Interpretations of
ERTS Data Within the Susquehanna River Basin, Type III Annual
Report, NAS 5-23133.
2. 1974 "Computer Analysis and Mapping of Gypsy Moth Defoliation Levels in
Northeastern Pennsylvania Using ERTS-1 Data", D.L. Williams and
B.J. Turner, Remote Sensing of Earth Resources, University of
Tenn., Tullahoma, Tenn., pp. 487-501.
3.
1974 "Classification and Mapping of Coal Refuse, Vegetative Cover Types
and Forest Types by Digital Processing ERTS-1 Data", B.F.
Meremback, D.M. Thompson, B.J. Turner and D.L. Williams,
Interdisciplinary Applications and Interpretations of ERTS Data
Within the Susequehanna River Basin, Type II Annual Report, NAS
5-23133.
4. 1975 "Computer Analysis and Mapping of Gypsy Moth Defoliation Levels in
Pennsylvania Using Landsat-1 Digital Data", Proceedings of the
NASA Earth Resources Survey Symposium, NASA/JSC, Houston, TX,
Vol. I-1, pp. 167-181.
5. 1976 "A Canopy-Related Stratification of a Southern Pine Forest Using
Landsat Digital Data", Proceedings of the Fall Convention of the
American Society of Photogrammetry, Seattle, Wash., pp. 231-239.
6. 1976 "Forest Land Management by Satellite: Landsat-Derived Information
as Input to a Forest Inventory System", D.L. Williams and G.F.
Haver, NASA/Intralab Publication.
7.
1977 "A Reduction in Ag/Residential Signature Conflict Using Principal
Components Analysis of Landsat Temporal Data", D.L. Williams and
F.Y. Borden, Proceedings of the Fall Convention of the American
Society of Photogrammetry, Little Rock, Ark., pp. 230-238.
8.
1978 "Monitoring Gypsy Moth Defoliation by Applying Change Detection
Techniques to Landsat Imagery", D.L. Williams and M.L. Stauffer,
Proceedings of the Symposium on Remote Sensing for Vegetation
Damage Assessment, ASP, Falls Church, VA, pp. 221-229.
9.
1978 "Monitoring Forest Canopy Alteration Around the World with Digital
Analysis of Landsat Imagery", L.D. Miller and D.L. Williams,
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing for
Observation and Inventory of Earth Resources and the Endangered
Environment, July 2-8, 1978, Freiburg, Federal Republic of
Germany, pp. 1721-1761, Vol. III.
10. 1979 "A Forester's Look at the Application of Image Manipulation
Techniques to Multitemporal Landsat Data", D.L. Williams, M.L.
Stauffer and K.C. Leung, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual
Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, IEEE
Cat. No. 79-CH 1430 - 8 MPRSD, pp. 368-376.
11. 1979 "What Can the Forestry Community Expect from Landsat-D Thematic
Mapper Data?" D.L. Williams and M.L. Stauffer, Proceedings of
the Symposium on Remote Sensing of Natural Resources, University
of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, pp. 475-492.
12. 1979 "Data Acquisition and Projected Applications of the Observations
from Landsat-D", D.L. Williams and V.V. Salomonson Proceedings
of the Fall Convention of the American Society of
Photogrammetry, Sioux Falls, SD, pp. 16-29.
13. 1980 "Sensor Parameter Study: Literature Review and Experimental
Plan", C.L. Dottavio, D.L. Williams, B.L. Markham and M.
Labovitz, AgRISTARS Report RR-60-04009.
14. 1981 "Information Expectations from Landsat-D", V.V. Salomonson, D.L.
Williams and J.L. Barker, Proceedings of 15th International
Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Environmental
Research Institute of Michigan, pp. 81-94.
15. 1981 "Integration of Digital Elevation Model Data and Landsat MSS Data
to Quantify the Effects of Slope Orientation in the
Classification of Forest Canopy Condition", D.L. Williams and
K.J. Ingram, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on
Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Purdue University,
pp. 352-362.
16. 1982 "Mapping a Southern Pine Plantation with Satellite and Aircraft
Scanner Data: A Comparison of Present and Future Landsat
Sensors", C.L. Dottavio and D.L. Williams, Journal of Applied
Photographic Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, Feb. 1982, pp. 58-62.
17. 1982 "Summary of Research Addressing the Potential Utility of Thematic
Mapper Data for Renewable Resources Applications", J.R. Irons
and D.L. Williams, Proceedings of the Harvard Computer Graphics
Symposium, July 1982, Boston, MA. (Also, NASA Technical
Memorandum 83965).
18. 1982 "Development of a Statewide Landsat Digital Data Base for Forest
Insect Damage Assessment", D.L. Williams, C.L. Dottavio and R.F.
Nelson, Proceedings of the Auto-Carto 5/ISPRS IV Symposium,
Crystal City, VA, August 1982, pp. 191-203.
19. 1982 "The ORSER Landsat Data Base of Pennsylvania", B.J. Turner and
D.L. Williams, Proceedings of the National Conference on Energy
Resource Management, Vol. 1, Baltimore, MD, September, pp. 149-
160.
20. 1983 "Satellite Technology: An Improved Means for Monitoring Forest
Insect Defoliation", C.L. Dottavio and D.L. Williams, Journal of
Forestry, Vol. 81, No. 1, January 1983, pp. 30-34.
21. 1983 "Final Report: Monitoring the Defoliation of Hardwood Forests in
Pennsylvania Using Landsat", C.L. Dottavio, R.F. Nelson and D.L.
Williams, March 1983, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 31 pp. and
appendices.
22. 1983 "Preliminary Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Sensor Characteristics
Relative to Land Cover/Land Use Discrimination", D.L. Williams,
J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Tol, R.S. Latty and
M.L. Stauffer, Space Applications at the Crossroads, Proceedings
of the American Astronautical Societies Twenty-First Goddard
Memorial Symposium, March 22-25, 1983. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt,
MD, eds. J.H. McELroy and E.L. Heacock, Univelt, Inc., San
Diego, CA, pp. 67-78.
23. 1983 "Impact of Thematic Mapper Sensor Characteristics on
Classification Accuracy", D.L. Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L.
Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S. Latty and M.L. Stauffer,
IEEE Digest/Proceedings of the 1983 International Geoscience and
Remote Sensing Symposium, August 31-Septmber 2, 1983, San
Francisco, CA, IEEE, Cat. No. 83CH1837-4, pp. 5.1-5.9.
24. 1984 "An Overview of TM "Applications" Research", D.L. Williams,
Landsat-4, Science Characterization Early Results, Vol. IV, NASA
Conference Pub. 2355, pp. 1-6.
25. 1984 "Quick Look Analysis of TM Data of the Washington, D.C., Area",
D.L. Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll,
R.S. Latty and M.L. Stauffer, Landsat-4 Science Characterization
Early Results, Vol. IV, NASA Conference Publication 2355, pp.
237-250.
26. 1984 "A Statistical Evaluation of the Advantages of Landsat Thematic
Mapper Data in Comparison to Multispectral Scanner Data", D.L.
Williams, J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll, R.S.
Latty and M.L. Stauffer, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Remote
Sensing, Vol. GE-22, No. 3: pp. 294-302.
27. 1984 "The Effects of Sensor Advancements on Thematic Mapper Data
Classification", J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L.
Toll, D.L. Williams, R.S. Latty and M.L. Stauffer, Proceedings
of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of
Environment, October 1-5, Paris, France, pp. 1759-1773.
28. 1984 "Collection of In situ Forest Canopy Spectra Using a Helicopter:
A Discussion of Methodology and Preliminary Results", D.L.
Williams, C.L. Walthall and S.N. Goward, Proceedings of the 1984
Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data Symposium, Purdue
University, pp. 94-106.
29. 1985 "The Effects of Spatial Resolution on the Classification of
Thematic Mapper Data", J.R. Irons, B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson,
D.L. Toll, D.L. Williams, R.S. Latty and M.L. Stauffer,
International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp.
1385-1403.
30. 1985 "A Georeferenced Landsat Digital Data Base for Forest Insect
Damage Assessment", D.L. Williams, R.F. Nelson and C.L.
Dottavio, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, No.
5, pp. 643-656.
31. 1985 "Performance Comparisons Between Information Extraction Techniques
Using Variable Spatial Resolution Data", R.S. Laty, R. Nelson,
B. Markham, D. Williams, D. Toll and J. Irons, Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 1459-1470.
32. 1985 "Field and Airborne Spectral Characterization of Suspected Acid
Deposition Damage in Red Spruce (Picea rubens) from Vermont",
B.N. Rock, D.L. Williams and J.E. Vogelmann, Proceedings of the
1985 Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data Symposium,
Purdue University, pp. 71-81.
33. 1985 "Remote Sensing in Forest Science", D.L. Williams, Proceedings of
the Forest-Atmosphere Interaction Workshop, Lake Placid, NY,
Oct. 1-5, 1985.
34. 1986 "Use of Remotely Sensed Data for Assessing Forest Stand Conditions
in the Eastern United States", D.L. Williams and R.F. Nelson,
IEEE Transactions, AgRISTARS Special Edition, Vol. GE-24, No. 1,
pp. 130-138.
35. 1986 "Remote Detection of Forest Damage", B.N. Rock, J.E. Vogelmann,
D.L. Williams, A.F. Vogelmann and T. Hoshizaki, BIOSCIENCE, Vol.
36, No. 7, pp. 439-445.
36. 1986 "Remote Sensing: Tool in Acid Rain Research", D.L. Williams,
Forest Industries, Vol. 113, No. 5, pp. 31-33.
37. 1986 "Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) from Plant Foliage", E.W.
Chappelle and D.L. Williams, IGARSS '86 Symposium, Zurich,
Switzerland, Sept. 8-11, Ref. ESA SP-254, pp. 1591-1598.
38. 1987 "Obtaining Spectral Reflectance Factor Measurements of Stressed
Forest Vegetation", D.W. Case and D.L. Williams, Proceedings of
the Fall Convention of the American Society of Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing, Reno, NV, pp. 150-160.
39. 1987 "Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) from Plant Foliage", E.W.
Chappelle and D.L. Williams, IEEE Transactions, Vol. GE-25, No.
6, pp. 726-736.
40. 1987 "A Transportable Hemispherical Illumination System for Making
Reflectance Factor Measurements", D.L. Williams and F.M. Wood,
Remote Sensing Environment, 23:131-140.
41. 1988 "Acquisition of spectral reflectance data using an artificial
source of hemispherical illumination", D.L. Williams, F.M. Wood,
and D.W. Case, IN: SPIE, Vol. 924, Paper #931, Recent Advances
in Sensors, Radiometry, and Data Processing for Remote Sensing,
[ed.] P.N. Slater, SPIE--The International Society of Optical
Engineering, Bellingham, WA, pp. 262-272.
42. 1988 "The use of quantitative remote sensing techniques to assess
forest decline damage in Vermont", D.L. Williams, D.W. Case, and
E.W. Chappelle, IN: Remote Sensing Applications for Acid
Deposition, [ed.] L.K. Fenstermaker, Environmental Research
Center, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 37-56.
43. 1988 "Use of lasers in the remote assessment of vegetation", E.W.
Chappelle, D.L. Williams, R.F. Nelson, and J.E. McMurtrey,
submitted, by invitation, to: Laser Focus, 8 pp.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
Office of the Secretary
Washington, D.C. 20230
March 30, 1990
Honorable D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Dr. Bromley:
As my office has informed you, Secretary
Mosbacher would be pleased to cohost a reception
at the National Air and Space Museum on
April 16, 1990.
Should you or your staff have any questions
or concerns, please don't hesitate to contact me
at (202) 377-5880.
Sincerely,
Meghan Meghan E. Molloy E.Malloy
Director of Scheduling
75 Years Stimulating America's Progress * 1913-1988
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20506
DATE: 4-10-90
TO:
Dr. Franmarie teel
ADDRESS:
TELEPHONE NUMBER:
653-2966
FAX NUMBER:
653-2034
FROM:
Marian nida
TELEPHONE NUMBER:
-
456-7116 456 -7116
FAX NUMBER:
(202)395-3261
2
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XEROX TELECOPIER 7021
Washington Times
4/2/90
gobalchange
file
EPA chief Reilly denies
rift with Bush officials
environmentalists believe will be a signifi-
By Joyce Price
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
cant warming of the earth's atmosphere.
While the EPA and the departments of State
EPA Chief William K. Reilly admits Pres-
and Energy wanted Mr. Bush to take a strong
ident Bush is "calling the tunes on the envi-
stand in a speech to the Intergovernmental
ronment" for the administration but says he
Panel on Climate Change, the president took
supports the president's policies and does not
a more conservative approach endorsed by
have major differences with other key admin-
Mr. Sununu. Mr. Sununu, who has a degree in
istration players.
nuclear engineering, questions the validity of
Appearing yesterday on NBC-TV's "Meet
computer models that have forecast global
the Press," Mr. Reilly denied that he is a "Tro-
warmimg.
jan horse" within the Bush administration -
Asked about Mr. Sununu yesterday, Mr.
a characterization made by syndicated col-
Reilly said, "My views on global warming are
umnist Robert Novak on the show.
very much the same as those of Gov. Sununu.
Mr. Reilly also denied that he leaks contro-
He has strong concerns about the models, and
versial administration environmental posi-
he understands the models better than anyone
tion papers, that Budget Director Richard
I know."
Darman won't talk to him and that he has
important differences with Chief of Staff
Data released last week by the National
John Sununu on the issue of global warming.
Aeronautics and Space Administration raised
All the denials were in response to questions
more questions about the global warming the-
or accusations made by Mr. Novak.
ory. Satellites taking the most precise global
"I talk to Mr. Darman all the time," Mr.
temperatures ever found no evidence of glo-
Reilly said. He added that the 12 percent in-
bal warming from the "greenhouse effect," or
crease in EPA's budget for fiscal 1991 is "more
an overloading of the atmosphere by emis-
important than our personal relationship."
sions from fossil fuels. The data were col-
Although published reports have indicated
lected from 1979 through 1988 by the TIROS-
Mr. Reilly has been unhappy that the Bush
N series of weather satellites.
administration has not taken more aggressive
Asked about that study yesterday, Mr.
positions on issues such as global warming,
Reilly said: "The study is based on 10 years of
Mr. Reilly did everything but call Mr. Bush the
satellite studies and collection of data. That's
environmental president yesterday. He called
not a sufficient time period to draw any con-
the president's clean-air bill "very ambitious,
clusions. We're not likely to have any indispu-
very aggressive" and said it will be "good for
table information on climate change or see it
the environment and good for the economy."
in the near future."
Reports in February indicated there was a
But he said "the consensus in the scientific
significant policy dispute inside the adminis-
community" is that a buildup of carbon diox-
tration over whether the president should call
ide will lead to warmer temperatures and the
for strong measures to help reduce what some
climate change may be significant.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE. NW WASHINGTON. D.C. 20418
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
April 10, 1990
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President
for Science & Technology
Director, Office of Science
and Technology Policy
Room 360, OEOB
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Allan:
In response to your letter of March 21, Bob White
and I are delighted to offer the Academy's facilities
for the reception for the White House Conference on
Science and Economic Research Related to Global Change
on April 17 from 6:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. As co-hosts
for this event, we are pleased to waive the usual fees
attached to the use of the Academy facilities.
Ms. Cindy Bienvenue, director of our Meetings Office,
will be available to advise the Conference Staff on
logistical arrangements as well as non-Academy expenses
such as catering, etc.
We are pleased to take part in this important event and
look forward to welcoming the Conference participants
on April 17.
Yours sincerely,
Frank Drank Press
President
CC: Robert M. White
Cindy Bienvenue
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DEPT PASS NSF FOR SHER, USGS FOR INTERNATIONAL,
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TAGS: TSPL, PINR, CVIS, UR, US
SUBJECT: U.S. -SOVIET COOPERATION IN BASIC SCIENCES:
THE JOINT COMMITTEE: OSIP' YAN SCHEDULE
REF: STATE 114989
1. S&T COUNSELOR 11 APRIL MET WITH ACADEMY
VICE-PRESIDENT OSIP' YAN TO DELIVER NSF DIRECTOR
BLOCH' S LETTER OF CONGRATULATIONS ON OSIP' YAN' S
APPOINTMENT TO THE NEW PRESIDENTIAL COUNCIL LETTER
REFTEL; CONVERSATION ON PRESIDENTIAL COUNCIL
SEPTEL). IN COURSE OF THE CONVERSATION, OSIP' YAN
EXPLAINED HIS HOPES AND PLANS FOR THE JCM AND HIS
OTHER ACTIVITIES THERE.
2. ON THE QUESTION OF PARTICIPATION IN THE GLOBAL
CHANGE CONFERENCE, OSIP' YAN SAID THAT LAVEROV VERY
MUCH WANTS HIM THERE, BUT HE "SEES NO BIG REASON TO
BE INCLUDED." HE PREFERS TO LEAVE THE DECISION TO DR
BROMLEY. OSIP' YAN NOTED THAT HE HAS "NO
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCY" S&T COUNSELOR NOTED CEA
CHAIRMAN BOSKIN' S EXPLANATION THAT WE ARE HOPING THE
CONFERENCE WILL GET TOGETHER ENVIRONMENTAL, S&T, AND
ECONOMIC EXPERTS, A FUSION THAT WE HAVE YET TO
ACHIEVE VERY WELL IN OUR OWN COUNTRY. OSIP' YAN
OBSERVED THAT, IN SUCH A CASE, PERHAPS HIS
PARTICIPATION WOULD MAKE SENSE, BUT HE WOULD STILL
LEAVE THE QUESTION TO BROMLEY. (PLEASE ADVISE GLOBAL
Dr Bromley,
CHANGE COORDINATORS AS APPROPRIATE).
Do you have any guidana?
2. OSIP' YAN VERY MUCH WANTS TO ADVANCE THE
BINATIONAL UNIVERSITY PROJECT DURING HIS VISIT. HE
HAS PLANS TO MEET WITH RON SCHMIDT AND TO VISIT
DAB
GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY, PROBABLY ON MONDAY. IF THE
TRIP TO DUKE OR OTHER WAY TO ARRANGE A MEETING WITH
Our answer to all
FUQUA IS A POSSIBILITY, OSIP' YAN WOULD LIKE TO DO
constries m this
SO. (IF HE GOES TO DUKE, HE WOULD NEED AN AMENDMENT
TO HIS VISA AFTER ARRIVAL, A PROCESS THAT IS A SIMPLE
ONE, AS WE ARE ADVISING SEPTEL).
issue of extra delegates
3. BECAUSE OF A MEETING OF THE PRESIDENTIAL COUNCIL
is that they are welcome
ON SATURDAY, OSIP' YAN WILL HAVE TO DELAY HIS
to make them party
DEPARTURE PAST THAT OF THE REST OF THE JCM GROUP.
HE
WILL FLY TO WASHINGTON VIA NEW YORK ON SUNDAY 14
their our deligation
but we are space inited
and each delegation is maleing such
adjustments within their own delegation
( 10 on each delegation plus 3 embassy seats in back)
Namey