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Miscellaneous [3 of 3] [1991]
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285792617
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Miscellaneous [3 of 3] [1991]
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
Miscellaneous Files
OA/ID Number:
62091
Folder ID Number:
62091-003
Folder Title:
Miscellaneous [3 of 3] [1991]
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EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
September 23, 1991
Dear Janet:
Thank you very much for taking the time to address the President's Council of
Advisors for Science and Technology. Dr. Bromley, the members of PCAST and
OSTP staff who were present were very pleased to hear your insights on the
Federal statistical system.
As OSTP continues to monitor the scientific manpower and similar issues for
which statistics are crucial, I hope that we may call on you for your expert
advice and assistance, even as you take on your new "post-BLS" projects.
For now, to follow up on the question raised by Dr. Charles Herzfeld, who is
working with a PCAST panel on national security issues, I would appreciate
your providing the name and number of the appropriate persons on your staff
with whom we might discuss price indices. My number is 395-4764.
Dr. Herzfeld's number is 395-1330.
Many thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Ciem
Pierre Perrolle
Assistant Director
Dr. Janet Norwood
Commissioner
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Department of Labor
GAO Building, Room 2136
441 G Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20212
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
September 23, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR ASSOCIATE AND ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
KEN YALE
Cir
FROM:
PIERRE PERROLLE
SUBJECT:
COMMENT TO OGE ON PROPOSED ETHICS
RULE
Attached for your information is the final version of the comments sent
to the Office of Government Ethics by Dr. Bromley, concerning the
proposed Standards of Ethical Conduct for Executive Branch Employees.
Many thanks to those who commented on earlier drafts.
Attachment
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
September 23, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR MEMBERS OF PCAST
C.O.
FROM:
PIERRE PERROLLE
SUBJECT:
COMMENT ON OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS
PROPOSED RULE
The attached comment was sent to the Office of Government Ethics on
September 20. On the advice of legal counsel, it was sent as an OSTP comment
rather than a PCAST comment, although the cover letter notes PCAST discussion
of the issue and suggests that OGE may wish to hear directly from PCAST
members.
This final version reflects the suggestions that were received. Your input and
other efforts in this matter were greatly appreciated. We will keep you informed
of further developments on this issue.
If I can answer any further questions about this issue, I may be reached at
202/395-4764.
Attachment
cc:
Dr. Mary Good
Dr. Bernadine Healy
Dr. Walter Massey
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
September 20, 1991
Dear Mr. Potts:
I have reviewed the Proposed Rule on "Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of
the Executive Branch" (5 CFR Part 2635) and have serious concerns about the
implications of several of its provisions for the health of science and technology in the
United States. I have also discussed the Proposed Rule with the President's Council
of Advisors on Science and Technology, which I chair, and the members of the
Council have expressed similar concerns.
At issue are the sections of the rule which pertain generally to professional activities
and in particular those concerning participation in professional associations (Sec.
2635.806) and teaching, speaking, and writing (Sec. 2635.807). The proposed
language, if implemented, would unduly constrain the professional activities of Federal
scientists and engineers. If technical personnel are discouraged from playing an
active leadership role in their professions, the Government and the Nation will suffer.
In addition, unnecessary constraints would add to the problems of recruiting and
retaining high quality scientists in the Federal government.
In my judgement, some of the proposed provisions would seriously impair the
effectiveness of our National scientific and technological enterprise by erecting
barriers between Government scientists and engineers and their colleagues in the
private sector at a time when the Administration is striving to improve linkages
among scientists in Government, universities, and industry.
I am extremely sensitive to the importance of ethical standards for Federal employees
and am fully supportive of the President's desire to strengthen those standards. At
the same time, I am concerned with the secondary effects of the Proposed Rule, which
could severely weaken our scientific and technological sector. The professional vitality
of that sector, as the President has often stated, is a key element in the Nation's
economic growth, national security, and public health.
It is essential that the Government strengthen its ethical standards without weakening
the effectiveness of its scientific enterprise. To this end, I urge you to take into
serious consideration the attached observations, comments and suggestions as you
begin to formulate the final rule. If you would find it helpful, I would be pleased to
arrange for you to meet with members of the President's Council of Advisors on
Science and Technology.
Sincerely,
D. Allan Bromley
Director
Attachment
cc:
C. Boyden Gray
Counsel to the President
Mr. Stephen D. Potts
Director
Office of Government Ethics
Suite 500
1201 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005-3917
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
COMMENTS ON PROPOSED RULE ON
"STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH"
September 20, 1991
THE CONTEXT: THE NATION'S SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE
Our Nation's scientific and technological system, which is widely emulated by many
other countries, owes its success since World War II to a unique partnership among
three sectors: the Federal government, universities, and industry. Scientists and
engineers in these three sectors have functioned collectively in a remarkably effective
fashion. Much of that partnership rests on the high degree of professional mobility
of our technical personnel. It is not uncommon, particularly among our most
accomplished scientists and engineers, for a professional career to span all three
sectors.
Equally important is the advisory function, broadly defined, played by scientists from
all three sectors in service of the entire enterprise. Scientists serve as peer reviewers,
consultants, members of review panels, advisory and accreditation committees, editors
of technical journals, and board members for outside organizations. Their
professional standing rests in part on such activities, and when scientists are asked by
outside organizations to perform such functions, it is a mark of professional
accomplishment and recognition. The scientific effectiveness of the Federal sector
depends on both the outside activities of its scientists and the service of private sector
scientists to the Federal government.
Professional associations play a special role in the Nation's science and technology
system, by providing a major link among government, university, and industry
scientists. Involvement in the activities of professional associations is a professional
responsibility of scientists and engineers, intended to benefit the scientific enterprise
as a whole, not just the organization or its individual members.
In order for the Federal government to recruit and retain scientists and engineers of
high caliber, and to ensure that those individuals have the highest possible
professional standing, it is essential that government scientists not be prevented from
or discouraged from engaging in professional activities, specifically those that are
broader and more general than the specific scope of the scientists' official duties.
Out of concern for maintaining the United States' preeminence in science and
technology in an increasingly competitive global environment, the Bush Administration
has gone to considerable lengths to promote the interaction between our three main
scientific sectors. Any sector that becomes isolated from the other two is bound to
lose its vitality and effectiveness, and the weakening of any one sector impairs the
totality of the system. In particular, Federal government scientists and engineers
must not be forced into becoming second-class actors in world science and technology.
THE PROPOSED RULE: ISSUES
We appreciate the need for ethical standards for employees of the government, and
scientific personnel should be no exception. However, those standards must be
reconciled with the need to maintain the kind of professional environment that has
enabled Government scientists to contribute to the strength of our economy and
national security.
The Proposed Rule contains a number of provisions which would serve to undermine
the professional vitality of Government personnel. For example, although the
Proposed Rule laudably states that executive branch employees are "encouraged to
participate in the activities of professional associations and similar entities" (Sec.
2635.806), the prescriptions in the remainder of that paragraph are likely to
discourage, rather than encourage, such participation.
The proposed rule appropriately establishes a clear separation between a Federal
employee's specific official duties on one hand, and that employee's "outside activities"
on the other. However, the proposed rule does not appear to draw any distinction
between the employee's specific work for a Federal agency and that employee's
broader professional activities and general professional expertise. The maintenance,
development, and application of that general professional expertise benefits both the
Federal government and, in the case of scientists, the Nation's overall science and
technology system and should be encouraged, as long as conflicts of interest are not
at issue.
It is also essential that ambiguities and burdensome administrative procedures be
minimized. Ambiguities lead to significant risk of running afoul of the rules for even
the best intentioned employee. That potential risk may ultimately drive the employee
to choose between Federal service and maintaining an active professional life. Either
outcome is a loss for the Nation. Similarly, excessively burdensome procedures will
force busy, hard-working professionals to balance the value of engaging in professional
activities against the time and effort required to meet added administrative demands.
SUGGESTED CHANGES TO THE PROPOSED RULE
In order to reconcile the dual needs for ethical standards and maintaining the
viability of the Nation's science and technology enterprise, we urge strongly that the
following sections of the Proposed Rule be revised.
A. Subpart A -- General Provisions
We propose that close to the beginning of the text (e.g., in Sec. 2635.101) a statement
be included that nothing in this rule is meant to discourage employees from engaging
actively in professional activities which benefit the performance of their duties in the
Federal government.
B. Participation in professional associations (Sec.2635.806)
That section should be modified as follows. Changes from or additions to the
proposed rule are underlined.
1. The first sentence should read:
Employees are encouraged to participate in the activities of professional
associations and similar entities organized to facilitate professional
communication and advance the state of professional knowledge and
expertise.
[Comment: at least in the case of scientific organizations, enhancing the skills
of their members is not the primary purpose of those organizations.]
The remainder of the introductory paragraph is acceptable.
2. Paragraph (a) should read:
(a) )Participation in substantive programs. An employee may use official
time to attend or otherwise to participate in a substantive program
sponsored by a professional association or similar organization when
authorized by his supervisor.
[Comment: The remainder of the sentence in the proposed draft, which
pertains to determination that the substantive content of the program relates to
the performance of the employees official duties and that participation is in the
interest of government, should be deleted. The determination has potential to
be unnecessarily burdensome administratively and should, in any case, not be
narrowly limited to the employee's official duties. If anything, participation
should be related to the maintenance and development of an employee's general
professional expertise and standing. Furthermore, that expertise should be
considered a priori to be in the interest of the Government.]
3. Paragraph (b) should either be eliminated or re-drafted to make a
distinction between association officers who deal with broad substantive
leadership of the organization and an association's administrative personnel,
particularly those who deal primarily with financial matters. Service in the
former should be encouraged (and therefore allowed on official time) whereas
the latter should not, because of the high potential for conflict of interest.
4. Paragraph (c) should stand.
5. The following example is offered as an addition or substitute:
A division director at the National Science Foundation who has earlier
had a distinguished career in research is elected president of the
American Society of Solid State Physics. That employee may, with her
supervisor's authorization, serve in that capacity by attending meetings
and conducting some organizational affairs on official time. The extent
of time and effort devoted to organizational matters should be
determined by the employee's supervisor whose responsibility it is to
ensure that organizational activities enhance rather than detract from
the employee's performance of her official duties.
C. Teaching, speaking and writing (Sec. 2635.807)
That section should be modified as follows. Changes from or additions to the
proposed rule are underlined.
1. To the extent permissible by statute, paragraph (a) should read:
Except as permitted an employee shall not receive compensation for
teaching, speaking or writing that relates to the employees official duties.
This section does not apply to teaching, speaking, or writing that relates
to the maintenance, development, or application of an employee's general
professional expertise and standing, not directly related to the employee's
official duties, as further defined in paragraph (1) below.
2. The following example is offered as an addition or substitute for the
examples:
A scientist at the National Institutes of Health conducts research for
NIH on the molecular basis of the development of cancer. That scientist
could not be compensated for writing a textbook on that subject which
draws on his NIH research data. However, he could receive
compensation for a general textbook, even on the treatment of all
cancers., provided that the textbook does not focus on the scientists'
research at NIH but is based, rather, on scientific knowledge gleaned
from the scientific community as a whole. The book might include a
chapter among many other chapters which discusses the molecular basis
of cancer development.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON D.C. 20506
FAX Transmittal Sheet
TO:
DISTRIBUTION
DATE: September 24, 1991
FROM:
Pierre Perrolle
TELEPHONE:
202/395-4764
FAX:
202/395-3719 NUMBER OF PAGES, INCLUDING COVER PAGE: 8
DISTRIBUTION:
Dr. Norman E. Borlaug
Dr. John P. McTague
(P) 409/845-8247
(P) 313/322-7105
(F) 409/845-0456
(F) 313/845-0512
Dr. Solomon J. Buchsbaum
Mr. Thomas J. Murrin
(P) 908/949-5564
(P) 412/434-5156
(F) 908/949-7183
(F) 412/642-9106
Dr. Charles L Drake
Dr. Daniel Nathans
(P) 603/646-2373
(P) 301/955-2382
(F) 603/646-3922
(F) 301/955-9124
Dr.
Ralph E. Gomory
The Honorable David Packard
(P) 212/649-1623
(P) 415/857-3327
(F) 212/757-5117
(F) 415/852-8694
Dr.
Mary Good
Dr. Harold T. Shapiro
(P)
201/455-4729
(P) 609/258-6100
(F) 201/455-2956
(F) 609/258-1615
Dr. Peter W. Likins
Dr. Walter Massey
(P)
215/758-3155
(P) 357-7748
(F) 215/868-6560
(F) 357-9725
Dr.
Thomas Lovejoy
Dr. Bernadine Healy
(P) 202/786-2263
(P) 301/496-2433
(F) 202/786-2304
(F) 301/402-0279
TRANSMISSION REPORT
THIS DOCUMENT WAS CONFIRMED
(REDUCED SAMPLE ABOVE SEE DETAILS BELOW)
**
COUNT **
TOTAL PAGES SCANNED
: 8
TOTAL PAGES CONFIRMED : 8
*** SEND ***
No.
REMOTE STATION
START TIME
DURATION
#PAGES
MODE
RESULTS
1
1 603 646 3922
9-24-91 4:33PM
3'55"
8/ 8
EC
COMPLETED
9600
TOTAL
0:03'55"
8
NOTE:
No. : OPERATION NUMBER 48 : 4800BPS SELECTED EC : ERROR CORRECT G2 : G2 COMMUNICATION
PD : POLLED BY REMOTE SF : STORE & FORWARD RI : RELAY INITIATE RS : RELAY STATION
MB : SEND TO MAILBOX PG : POLLING A REMOTE MP : MULTI-POLLING RM : RECEIVE TO MEMORY
Ratchfad ce: Dicheur
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Penalle
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
Bowder
September 25, 1991
Sheekey
MEMORANDUM FOR PCAST MEMBERS
FROM:
TOM WELCH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND DESIGNATED AGENCY Tom
ETHICS OFFICIAL FOR PCAST
SUBJECT: GUIDANCE ON CONDUCTING PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (PCAST) PANEL MEETINGS WITH
EXPERTS
The PCAST Charter gives the Chairman the authority to invite
experts from the private sector to assist the PCAST in its
deliberations. Accordingly, Dr. Bromley has decided that each of
the PCAST Panels may invite experts to advise the Panels on the
issues they have under study.
Experts are not members of the PCAST; they should participate as
individuals only and not as Panel members. Discussion and
exchange is certainly appropriate, but Panel Chairmen should
refrain from attempting to reach a consensus among the experts.
Indeed, it is be hoped that the experts coming before the Panel
will present a range of opinion for the PCAST to consider.
If a PCAST Panel Chairman finds it necessary to ask experts or
other individuals to participate in reaching consensus, the Panel
Chairman should so inform Dr. Bromley.
The recommendations that may issue from the Panels will be solely
the responsibility of the PCAST members, reflecting the judgment
and best advice of the PCAST Panel informed by expert opinion.
Each expert appearing before a PCAST Panel should make available
a copy of his or her biography for the Panel members, which will
become a part of the permanent record of the PCAST.
Panel Chairmen are reminded that meetings of PCAST Panels
convened for the purpose of reaching consensus advice or
recommendations are generally subject to all Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA) provisions, including the requirements that
meetings be open to the public and meeting notices published in
the Federal Register. Panel Chairmen should call upon me for
assistance with FACA and other administrative matters that may be
of concern to their Panel.
CC: Dr. Bromley
Associate Directors
Michelle Van Cleave
Ken Yale
CC: JTR
SB
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
FILE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
peast
Mciague
September 25, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR D. ALLAN BROMLEY
FROM:
TALKING POINTS FOR 8n YOUR CALL TO ToM MURRIN
TOM RATCHFORD
SUBJECT:
0
John McTague of PCAST met in Tokyo in the spring with a few members of
PCAST -- equivalent groups from Japan (Mori-Prime Minister's Science
Council) and the EC (Fasella-CREST).
A second meeting is set for Tokyo, October 14-15, 1991.
This is informal, unofficial; meeting is expected to migrate to U.S. and Europe
in the future.
o
Sol Buchsbaum plans to join John for 1 day.
0
Main topic: International cooperation in science megaprojects.
0
Would you be interested and available?
0
If so, we'll check on how to cover your travel expenses, if need be (note to DAB
- Carnegie (Bill Golden) indicated they could cover Shapiro's travel as related
to the Mt. Kisco and Mexico efforts. Shapiro can't go. I am reasonably
confident Murrin could be substituted for Shapiro).
FILE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
peAST
October 1, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR ToM WELCH
(ir
FROM:
PIERRE PERROLLE
SUBJECT:
Comments on Ash Carter Paper
I have one comment on what is otherwise an excellent draft. It pertains to Item 4,
"Attracting technicallly qualified people..."
The definition of "technically qualified people" should be broadened to include
language and area specialists.
I can speak from personal experience, as a product of the old National Defense
Foreign Language (NDFL) program which paid for my fluency in the Chinese
language and my Ph.D. concentration in Chinese Studies.
The U.S. Government had no immediate need for me or my peers at the time I was in
graduate school. But within five years, we were ready to serve on the diplomatic front
lines as relations with China were established. In my years of public service,
including my tour as Science and Technology Counselor in Beijing, the Government
recouped its far-sighted NDFL investment many times over.
The military success of Desert Storm has taught us that we have been following the
right technological course. Whether we have achieved victory in a non-military sense,
however, is still an open question. For the future, that dimension rests in part on
whether we have the human resources with the language and area skills that meet our
intelligence and diplomatic needs.
I hope the Panel finds merit in my suggestion. I would be happy to discuss it further
with any of its members. Phone: 202/395-4764. FAX: 202/395-3719.
cc:
Allan Bromley
Tom Ratchford
Charles Herzfeld
rec reid
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
daty
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124309
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
RAMALINGAM, S.: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 10/01/91
PEAST
SUBJECT: ACCEPTANCE OF INVITATION TO ASSIST ON THE PANEL ON
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF PCAST.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PCAST
INTERNATIONAL/POLICY
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
REMARKS:
EXT:
OSTP RECEIVED: 10/07/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PCAST
4309
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Twin Cities Campus RECEIVED
The Productivity Center
213 Mechanical Engineering Building
111 Church Street S.E.
Institute of Technology
Minneapolis, MN 55455
612-625-6023
910CT 7 A8: 47
Fax: 612-625-8884
OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR
October 1, 1991
The Honorable D. Allan Bromley
The Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology
Suite 360
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Honorable D. Allan Bromley:
Thank you for your letter of September 24, 1991 inviting me to assist the Panel on International
Economic Competitiveness of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST) in finding ways to enhance the partnership between the government and the private
sector to improve our competitiveness.
I appreciate the invitation and would be pleased to be of assistance to PCAST in its deliberations. I
look forward to hearing from Dr. Gomory.
With best regards.
Sincerely yours,
Professor 80mg and Director
S. Ramalingam
door d anamy
Sara t Ant me are
) let otherwise
going know if Piol3/91
-Tom I have DOT added
this TO you calendare
Since HONEY
send reps.
FILE
> BowdertyR
> Sheekey
More Than Merely A Secretary
P-929 © 1989 3M
SLIGHTLY LESS THAN A GOD
Ratchford
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 2, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS
THE ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
FROM:
TOM WELCH Tom
SUBJECT:
Meeting of the OSTP Sponsors for the PCAST Panels
Since PCAST Panels are becoming increasingly active I believe it would be quite
helpful for the OSTP Sponsors for each PCAST Panel and the PCAST staff to begin
meeting on a regular basis. These meetings would be similar in nature to the FCCSET
Executive Secretaries meetings. They will both help maximize coordination between
activities of all Panels and the Council on substantive issues, and also, ensure activities
are coordinated in the best possible fashion from a logistical standpoint.
I am proposing that the first such meeting be held at 10:00 AM on Friday, October 4
in the conference room at 744 Jackson Place. The meeting should last for
approximately 30 minutes. In order for each Panel to be represented, I ask that
OSTP Panel Sponsors send a representative to the meeting.
Thank you for your assistance in this matter.
Attachment
CC: Dr. Bromley
Ken Yale
Vickie Sutton
OSTP SPONSORS FOR PCAST PANELS
SPONSOR LISTED ON
PANEL
PANEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Biosciece and Biotechnology
Associate Director for Life Sciences
Megaprojects in the Sciences
Associate Director Policy and
International Affairs
Education and Human Resources
Associate Director for Policy and
International Affairs
Global Environment and Natural
Assistant Director for the Environment
Resoures
International Economic Competitiveness
Associate Director for Industrial
Technology
High Performance Computing
Associate Director for Industrial
and Communication
Technology
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
Heart
October 15, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR DR. BROMLEY
TOM WELCH
THROUGH:
Cilifor Jor
TOM RATCHFORD
FROM:
Sin
PIERRE PERROLLE
SUBJECT: Suggested PCAST briefer: Edwin Mansfield
As I mentioned to you at the margins of the PCAST meeting last week, I thought it
might be of interest to the PCAST members to hear from Edwin Mansfield about his
most recent research findings.
Mansfield is Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Economics and
Technology at the University of Pennsylvania and, as you know, has done pioneering
work on the value of investment in basic research. (He also may well be the only
scholar ever cited in the President's Budget!)
Although I confess to not personally having heard Prof. Mansfield speak, I have
learned that he recently gave a crisp and engaging presentation (one hour, including
discussion) of his latest findings to Walter Massey and his senior staff.
If you agree that Professor Mansfield is a good candidate for a PCAST briefing, I
would be pleased to facilitate the arrangements.
Please let me know if you concur with the general idea and with my further
recommendation that the presentation be in open session. Also, do you have a
preference as to which month(s) would be best?
Pierve-
Concurrence:
Invite Prof. Mansfield?
Hut, shall
Any response?
check
Open session?
18/10/22/91
Which month(s)?
DAB said ok
I'm checking WITW
restiming
It's on track
P2
THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
WEEKLY REPORT
THE OF 10 THE OFFICE POLICY SCIENCE UNITED AND
October 4, 1991
THE PCAST STAFF OFFICE
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
I.
OCTOBER MEETING
A.
DRAFT AGENDA (Attachment 1)
-
Meeting is designed to address:
-
Substantive progress of Panels
-
Math and science edúcation issues
II. PANELS
A.
PANEL CALENDAR (Attachment 2)
B.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY PANEL
-
First meeting was held August 5-6 in Washington
-
Second meeting on August 19-20 in San Diego
-
Third meeting on September 26-27 in Washington
-
Panel has prepared draft issue paper for
the President
-
The draft has been staffed with the Panel, all PCAST
members and OSTP AD's
C.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES PANEL
-
Panel has submitted revised draft issue paper, has been
staffed with the Panel, all PCAST members, and OSTP
AD's
-
Time has been scheduled during October PCAST for the full
Council to work on the draft
D.
BIOSCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY PANEL
-
First fact-finding meeting scheduled for Friday, October 11
in Washington
E.
EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES PANEL AND
PANEL ON MEGAPROJECTS IN THE SCIENCES
-
First meeting was held on September 13
F.
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS
PANEL
-
Paperwork for consultants is being prepared
-
Will meet next on November 22
G.
PANEL ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
-
Letters will be prepared to invite expert witnesses
-
Fact-finding session scheduled for November 15 (Friday of
PCAST) in Washington
H.
PANEL ON MEGAPROJECTS IN THE SCIENCES
-
Fact-finding meeting was held on September 13 in
Washington
ATTACHMENT 1
Revised Draft October Agenda
DRAFT
October 3, 1991
PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OCTOBER 10, 1991
AGENDA
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1991
OPEN SESSION 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM
CONFERENCE ROOM
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
722 JACKSON PLACE, NW
8:30 - 9:00
ARRIVAL AND COFFEE
9:00 - 9:15
OPENING REMARKS
DR. BROMLEY
9:15 - 10:00
TWENTY YEAR TRENDS IN
DR. ELLIOT
THE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF
EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS
10:00 - 10:15
CLOSING REMARKS
DR. BROMLEY
AND MOVE TO ROOM 180,
OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING
DRAFT
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1991 Continued
CLOSED SESSION 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM
ROOM 180
OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING
10:15 - 10:45
PANEL PROGRESS REPORT
- Education and Human Resources
DR. LIKINS
DR. DRAKE
10:45 - 12:00
DISCUSSION OF PCAST PANEL DRAFT PAPER
- Global Environment and Natural Resources
DR. LOVEJOY
DR. BORLAUG
12:00 - 1:00
LUNCH (In Indian Treaty Room, OEOB Room 474)
CLOSED SESSION 1:00 - 3:00 PM
ROOM 180
OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING
1:00 - 1:30
DISCUSSION OF PCAST PANEL DRAFT PAPER
- Science, Technology and
DR. BUCHSBUAM
National Security
1:30 - - 3:00
PANEL PROGRESS REPORTS
- High Performance Computing and
DR. BUCHSBAUM
Communications
DR. GOMORY
- Bioscience and Biotechnology
DR. NATHANS
DR. BORLAUG
- Megaprojects in the Sciences
DR. MCTAGUE
DR. SHAPIRO
- International Economic Competitiveness
DR. GOMORY
DR. SHAPIRO
CLOSED SESSION 3:00 - 5:00 PM
ROOSEVELT ROOM
WEST WING
3:00 - 4:30
DISCUSSION
4:30 - 5:00
DISCUSSION OF NOVEMBER AGENDA
DR. BROMLEY
AND CLOSING REMARKS
ATTACHMENT 2
Council and Panel Calendar
THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Council and Panel Calendar
June
26
Fact-finding discussion on Science, Technology, and National Security
with Sol Buchsbaum, Johnny Foster, Charles Herzfeld in Boston, MA.
July
11
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 11:00 AM - 5:00 PM, Room 476, Old Executive
Office Building.
12
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Roosevelt Room, West Wing.
August
5
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 476, Old Executive Office Building.
6
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 476, Old Executive Office Building.
19
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 2064A, Naval Ocean Systems Center
(NOSC), San Diego, CA.
20
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
8:00 AM to 2:00 PM, Room 2064A, Naval Ocean Systems Center,
(NOSC), San Diego, CA.
September
12
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place, NW. Closed Session - 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM Room 476, Old
Executive Office Building.
13
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Location TBD. Fact-finding session
on Education and Human Resources, 12:00 NOON to 3:00 PM, Room
476, Old Executive Office Building. Fact-finding session on Megaprojects
in the Sciences, 12:00 NOON to 2:00 PM, Room 22, Old Executive Office
Building.
26
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 476, Old Executive Office Building.
27
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
8:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Room 180, Old Executive Office Building.
October
10
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 10:15 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 10:15 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 180, Old Executive
Office Building.
11
Panel on Bioscience and Biotechnology, fact-finding session, 11:00 AM,
Old Executive Office Builiding, Room TBA.
November
14
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Location TBD.
15
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Location TBD.
Panel on International Economic Competitiveness, fact-finding session,
Old Executive Office Building, Room and Time TBA.
22
Panel on High Performance Computing and Communications, Old
Executive Office Building, Room and Time TBA.
December
2*
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM - 5:00 PM, Location TBD.
3*
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
8:00 AM - 12:00 NOON, Location TBD.
12
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Location TBD.
13
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Location TBD.
*
Tentative
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 15, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR DR. BROMLEY
ToM WELCH
THROUGH:
Cilifor JTR
TOM RATCHFORD
FROM:
PIERRE PERROLLE
The
SUBJECT: Suggested PCAST briefer: Edwin Mansfield
As I mentioned to you at the margins of the PCAST meeting last week, I thought it
might be of interest to the PCAST members to hear from Edwin Mansfield about his
most recent research findings.
Mansfield is Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Economics and
Technology at the University of Pennsylvania and, as you know, has done pioneering
work on the value of investment in basic research. (He also may well be the only
scholar ever cited in the President's Budget!)
Although I confess to not personally having heard Prof. Mansfield speak, I have
learned that he recently gave a crisp and engaging presentation (one hour, including
discussion) of his latest findings to Walter Massey and his senior staff.
If you agree that Professor Mansfield is a good candidate for a PCAST briefing, I
would be pleased to facilitate the arrangements.
Please let me know if you concur with the general idea and with my further
recommendation that the presentation be in open session. Also, do you have a
preference as to which month(s) would be best?
Concurrence:
Invite Prof. Mansfield?
Open session?
Which month(s)?
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 16, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR DR. BROMLEY
MEMBERS OF PCAST
DR. RATCHFORD
TOM WELCH
-
FROM:
PIERRE PERROLLE
SUBJECT:
EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS FOLLOW-UP
As promised, Emerson Elliott from the National Center for Education Statistics has
sent us some additional information in response to questions raised during his
presentation at the last PCAST meeting.
That information pertains to: 1) average scores for students at the new "achievement
levels"; 2) differences among various (U.S.) populations; 3) U.S.-Korean comparisons;
and 4) standard setting. Mr. Elliott's memo is attached for your reference.
Attachment
bcc: A. Sheekey
C. Dickens
10-15-91 04:12 PM
P02/05
MEMORANDUM
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT
National Center for Education Statistics
October 15, 1991
To
:
Pierre Perrolle
Executive Office of the President
Office of Science and Technology Policy
FROM
:
Emerson J. Elliott
Acting Commissioner
HalliaM
SUBJECT :
Follow-up on October 10 Discussion with the President's Council of
Advisors on Science and Technology
I wanted to check the statistics on several matters that came up Thursday, October 10,
1991. You may want to share some of these with Dr. Bromley and others.
First, a question was asked about the average scores for students at the new
"achievement levels" set for "basic", "proficient" and "advanced work. What I have
tracked down is the NAEP scale score cut points that serve as the floor for each level.
These are in Attachment A. Note the range at each grade. For example, at grade 8,
"basic" is 255, "proficient" 295 - a 40 point spread and "advanced" 336 - a 41 point
spread. These achievement levels represent a consensus judgement about levels students
should reach. What we found in the math report released last June is that the eighth
grade student average was 265--only 10 points above the floor for "basic" performance.
In fact, the average 12th grade performance reported in June was 295, or the same as
the floor for 8th grade "proficient"!
Second, I was asked about the difference in performance of various populations. I noted
that a "grade" equated to about 10 points. That is an oversimplification to be sure. But
the average 4th grade performance was 216, and the average 8th grade level was 265 as
noted above - or a 49 point difference. The average 12th grade level was 295 - or 30
more points. So you can see that 10 points per grade is an oversimplification, but not
too bad as a rough guide.
In comparison, we found the average performance among students in the top achieving
states for eighth graders was about 280, and in the bottom performing states 250 or less--
about a 3 grade gap. We found a national range in eighth grade performance from the
10th percentile of 218 to the 90th percentile of 303 . a gap of 85 points, about the same
8th graders by racial/ethnic groups we found average scores of:
as the distance from the average 4th grader to the average 12th grader. Separating out
10-15-91 04:12 PM
P03/05
Page 2 - - Dr. Pierre Perrolle
Asian/Pacific Islander
280
White
269
American Indian
246
Hispanic
243
Black
236
Again, the range is wide, 44 points.
Tind
Second, there were questions about differences between American and Korean students
as a specific international comparison. Note that here the scale is 0-1000 (instead of 0-
scale points per grade such as we have with NAEP.
500 as it was in NAEP) and we have data for 13 year olds only so there is no guide for
The average U.S. score for 13 year olds in math was 474, in Korea 568. The report
described level "500" as ability to solve 2 - - step problems (the text of course had a more
40% in the U.S. 78% of U.S. students reached level 400, described as "using basic
complete definition) and 78% of Korean students reached that level compared with only
operations to solve simple problems." At level 600 ("understand concepts") 40% of
Korean children but only 9% of U.S. children qualified.
Similarly in science, the U.S. average was 478 and Korea 550. Level 500 was titled
students. "analyze experiments" and 73% of Korean reached it compared with 42% of American
Finally, Dr. Bromley spoke of a goal that we should have "absolute" standards for student
learning. We currently seem to be far from that. What NCTM has done to date is
establish "an operational plan for instruction that details what mathematics students need
the Academy now plan to move on to this next stage. The National Assessment
to know..." It does not establish standards for assessing that knowledge and NCTM and
Governing Board has established "achievement levels," but these are derived from an
already developed NAEP test so that the test items set bounds for the standards.
heard As I have participated in these conversations on goals, standards and assessments, I have
the a great deal about the state-of-the-art in testing as well as changing views as to
the degree of content rigor that most American students should master. At this point
views that are shaping up seem to be:
0
We want standards that describe specific knowledge and skills students
them; should have but it will require a broadly based consensus process to devise
0
We want tests to demonstrate whether and how well students have
mastered the standards; and
10-15-91 04:12 PM
P04/05
Page 3 - Dr. Pierre Perrolle
The tests should have intrinsic value, preferably requiring the student to
accomplish directly whatever learning is to be mastered (i.e., some sort of
"performance" task rather than multiple-choice questions).
Achieving these characteristics for a national examination system that administers tests at
the individual student level is one of the administration's objectives in AMERICA 2000.
Please let me know if you would like additional details on any of this.
Attachment
10-15-91 04:12 PM
P05/05
Attachment A
Table 2
Mathematics Proficiency Corresponding to Each
Achievement Level By Grade
For 1990 NAEP Mathematics Assessment
GRADE
PERCENT
MATHEMATICS
ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL
CORRECT*
PROFICIENCY*
Grade 4
Basic
45
207
Proficient
68
245
Advanced
87
283
Grade 8
Basic
48
255
Proficient
72
295
Advanced
89
336
Grade 12
Basic
47
282
Proficient
73
330
Advanced
88
358
The percent correct is the proportion of items that students should answer correctly in order to
reach each level. The percent correct scores were then transformed to the proficiencies on the
new NAEP mathematics scale used to produce the statistical summaries.
The process and procedures used to develop these achievement levels for mathematics
are described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 presents the national results in terms of these
standards, while Chapter 3 contains the results for participating states.
6
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 16, 1991
Dear Em:
Thank you very much for the additional information you sent in response to questions
raised last week by members of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and
Technology. I have forwarded your memo to Dr. Bromley, PCAST members, and
relevant persons on the OSTP staff.
Many thanks as well for the time and effort put into your presentation. The subject
of educational performance in math and science is obviously high on the list of
PCAST concerns and the lively discussion was a clear reflection of the members'
interest in both the NAEP data and measurement issues. The data you presented and
your cogent responses to the questions were greatly appreciated.
You know of the Council's particular interest in international comparative data.
Whatever information and data you could provide on that subject on an ongoing basis
would be well received, I'm sure, by PCAST and by OSTP staff.
Please don't hesitate to let me know if I can be of assistance to you in any way.
Sincerely,
Cien
Pierre M. Perrolle
Assistant Director
Mr. Emerson J. Elliott
Acting Commissioner
National Center for Educational Statistics
U.S. Department of Education
555 New Jersey Avenue, N.W. Room 400
Washington, DC 20208-5574
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124739
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
LIKINS, Peter: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/05/91
SUBJECT: RE: THE PCAST REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT. HE SUGGESTS
5th
PERSUADING THE PRESIDENT TO GO BEYOND MEETING THE
NATIONAL EDUCATION GOALS.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
PCAST
Tom Ratchford
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 11/12/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PCAST
CENTRAL FILES:
4739
Lehigh University
HOMO FOUNDED ASA ET INTERPREST PACKER BY NATURAL
Peter Likins, President
RECEIVED
Alumni Memorial Building 27
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
telephone (215) 758-3095 NOV 12 P5: 01
November 5, 1991
MEMORANDUM
OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR
To:
D. Allan Bromley
From:
Peter Likins, PCAST Panel on Education and Human Resources
Subject:
Report to the President
Preface
In December of 1990 the PCAST communication with the President focused on
strategies for achieving the National Education Goals as they relate to science and
mathematics. As we approach the anniversary of this communication, we are preparing a
message designed to persuade the President to go beyond meeting the National Education
Goals in order to meet the nation's requirements for scientists, mathematicians, engineers
and technologists.
Before preparing a message for the President, it seems appropriate for the panel to
draft a more comprehensive statement for the consideration of the full PCAST membership.
If this memo meets with your approval, you may wish to distribute it to the PCAST
membership for a discussion that might lead to a charge to draft a corresponding
memorandum from PCAST to the President.
In our 1990 communication with the President, it was possible to deliver our message
by reinforcing his previously declared commitments. Now we want to move him another step
in the same direction, and that won't be so easy. Our task is complicated by the realization
that we require now a two stage process, and experts disagree about the comparative
importance of the first and second stages.
The first stage response is to meet the challenges of basic education in science and
mathematics for everyone, as required by the National Education Goals. (We will have more
to say about how strategies for achieving these goals can benefit future scientists,
mathematicians, engineers and technologists.)
The second stage response that we will request of the President relates to the need to
nurture the talents of children who demonstrate early in life a special aptitude for science
and mathematics. It serves the nation's interests to give these children something more than
the standard fare designed for all students alike. Such students are by definition relatively
few in number, and their needs can be met with modest costs in financial terms. But the
political costs of elitism in America can be formidable, and daunting even to our "education
president."
-2-
The Basic Issues
Learning in any discipline is the product of both talent and effort, all would agree. But
there are diverse opinions regarding the relative importance of talent and effort. This
diversity of opinion divides the experts consulted by the panel, and it separates national
cultures.
In the USA, the cradle of democracy, we tend to accept to an unusual degree the
genetic aristocracy implied by the premium we place in any field on natural talent, as
opposed to ability developed through hard work. In Japan the opposite cultural norms
prevail; everyone is expected to achieve at a high level by working as hard as required to
achieve the goal.
Evaluating the comparative importance of talent and effort in learning is a research
task, not subject to resolution through debate and persuasion without empirical evidence.
Even in the presence of this uncertainty, however, policy judgments must be made.
In making policy judgments, we must recognize behavioral consequences. If we err in
the direction of relying on talent for learning, we discourage effort. If we err in the direction
of relying on effort, we encourage humility and stimulate everyone to work harder, even if
that leads at times to frustrated expectations.
It seems obvious that policy makers have an obligation to set policies in the presence
of this uncertainty on the basis of premises that stimulate effort from teachers and students,
while concurrently supporting research to reduce the uncertainties in the learning process.
Stage One: Meeting the National Education Goals
The national debate on education reform is gradually producing something
approaching consensus approval of the following process:
(1)
Set National Education Goals.
(2) Set National Education Standards, defining learning standards to be achieved
nationally, field by field.
(3)
Develop a national system of examinations designed to measure performance and
achievement of the National Education Standards. It seems unlikely that a single
national examination will emerge from this process, but a set of nationally approved
"reference examinations" would be devised as standards against which alternative
examinations would be "calibrated." In this way local preferences would be respected
and a continuing evolution of tests would be encouraged.
(4)
Develop a wide variety of responses to the challenge of educating American children
to enable them to demonstrate through the examination system that they meet the
National Education Standards. Ideally, every teacher in every school will be
-3-
challenged to find new ways to meet this objective for every child. There would be no
"national curriculum."
(5)
Use small-sample statistical measurement instruments (such as those developed by the
NAEP) to compare groups nationally and internationally.
Progress is being made in advancing each of the five steps noted above. The National
Education goals have been set by the President and the Governors. National Education
Standards have been proposed by the President in the form of "New World Standards," and
developed in certain fields (such as the Mathematics Standards adopted by the National
Council of Teachers of Mathematics). Standards proposals are also being developed in the
sciences (with the sponsorship of the National Research Council and other nongovernmental
bodies). Official standards will ultimately be adopted by the Standards Council under the
direction of the National Education Goals Panel.
The development of the national system of examinations in Step #3 is also underway.
The MacArthur Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts have financed the early stages of
the New Standards Project, which is directed currently toward the development of reference
examinations and calibration procedures in Mathematics and English. It is essential for the
national plan that this work go forward, and corresponding efforts are required in the basic
sciences.
Once Step #3 is accomplished in accordance with this plan, all the national bodies are
expected to get out of the way and let the teachers teach. The statistical measurement
instruments developed in Step #5 should be able to confirm the validity of the national
system of examinations in Step #3 as indicators that National Education Standards have been
met.
This entire process differs from established practice in American basic education in
the new presumption that virtually all students who work hard enough with qualified teachers
will be able to meet world class standards. There seems to be little doubt that adopting this
new premise constitutes an improvement in educational policy that will serve virtually all
Americans, including those who will ultimately become our scientists, mathematicians,
engineers and technologists. One might well wonder, however, if these new policies will be
sufficient for this special population.
Stage 2: Achieving Our Full Potential for Excellence
Abundant evidence supports the proposition that not all mathematicians are created
equal. However important effort may be to the achievement of the full developmental
potential of any individual, it can hardly be denied that significant differences may be found
in natural talent for mathematics, science and engineering, whether measured in early youth
or in fully developed maturity. Some people in this world seem to be born with special
aptitudes in these fields, and society is best served if these capacities are fully developed
through education and experience.
-4-
We must ask the question: If we pursue the plan to meet the National Education
Goals, will this strategy optimize the likelihood that children with special aptitudes in
scientific fields will be identified and properly nurtured in their development? If an
affirmative answer seems unlikely, do we have a societal obligation to develop intervention
strategies designed to identify and encourage exceptionally talented youth?
The PCAST Panel on Education and Human Resources takes the view that modest
federal investments should be made to assure young people with special aptitudes in scientific
fields of an opportunity to develop their talents through enhanced education and related
experience. The NSF Young Scholars Program for Mathematically Talented Students is a
currently funded federal program in this field; other government programs have operated
successfully in the past, and more should be adopted in the future. Several federal agencies
could contribute to this effort by offering stimulating experiences to talented youth. Maybe
all federal agencies should be challenged, individually and collectively, to contribute to a new
initiative for youth development in these fields.
A little arithmetic puts the problem into perspective. If 3.5 million children are born
in America each year, the top 1% by any measure is 35,000 children in each age cohort. If
only these children were served, and their educational enrichment consisted only of a six
week summer experience each year after the seventh through twelfth grades, that would
require programs on a continuing basis for about 200,000 young people every year. These
programs can be conducted for $2,000 per student per year, requiring a total national
commitment of no more than $400 million per year (if every eligible student participated).
Perhaps the federal government should risk half this sum by challenging local communities
across the nation to match federal funds for the enhanced education of our most talented
future scientists, mathematicians, engineers and technologists.
One might wonder whether the politics of equality would permit communities to meet
this challenge. The growing success of the "Governors" Schools" and other specialized public
secondary schools of mathematics, sciences and technology demonstrates that excellence can
be good politics. Is it time for a special commitment to technical excellence from the
Education President?
Conclusion
PCAST has been supportive of the President's initiatives in the field of education; we
have not attempted to shape his program in any way. Perhaps the time has come for us to
recommend a small step beyond his current educational agenda, seeking new commitments to
those young people to whom we must look for future leadership in the fields of special
concern to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
PL:ekg
Peter Liking
cc:
Charles Drake
Tom Ratchford
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 :11-12-91 ; 9:38AM ;
2023953462-
OSTP:# 2
NOV 8 '91 11:24 WHITE HOUSE MESS
PAGE. 02
WHITE HOUSE STAFF MISS
NOVEMBER 08, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR:
ANN BARNETT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FROM:
LIEUTENANT MAURO
PRESIDENTIAL FOOD SERVICE COORDINATOR
SUBJECT:
MENU PROPOSALS FOR DINNER HOSTED BY DR.
BROMLEY ON THURSDAY, 14 NOVEMBER AT 6:00 PM
IN THE STAFF MESS.
Below is listed suggested menu's for Dr Bromley's dinner. If you
have any questions concerning the menu's please feel free to
contact me at ext. 4192. I will need to know Dr Bromely's choice
no later than 12:00 Tuesday, 12 November.
CHOICE #1
BROILED SALMON FILLET WITH CUCUMBER SAUCE
BUTTERED TOMATO LINGUINE
SQUASH AND PEPPER CONFETTI
CHOICE #2
PORK LOIN MEDALLIONS WITH CREAM MADEIRA SAUCE
PARSLIED NEW POTATOES
ASPARAGUS AND CARROT FANS
CHOICE #3
SAUTED BREAST OF CHICKEN IN RASPBERRY SAUCE
BABY BEET MEDLEY
SWEET POTATO AU GRATIN
meetine
CHOICE #4
BROILED SWORDFISH SERVED ON CONFETTI VEGETABLES
SERVED WITH SICILIAN TOMATO SAUCE
AND TOMATO AND SPINACH LINGUINE
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 11-12-91 ; 9:38AM ;
2023953462-
OSTP:# 3
NOU B '91 11:25 WHITE HOUSE MESS
PAGE. 03
*** EACH OF THE ABOVE MENUS IS SERVED WITH THE FOLLOWING:
* HOT DINNER ROLLS
* CHILLED WINES
* STRAWBERRY CHEESE CAKE
* FRESH HOT COFFEE
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 11-12-91 ; 9:37AM ;
2023953462-
OSTP:# 1
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20506
FAX TRANSMITTAL SHEET
DATE: 11/12/91
TO:
Ratchford
ORGANIZATION:
TELEPHONE:
4692
FAX:
1314
FROM:
ORGANIZATION: The Office of Science and Technology Policy
TELEPHONE: (202) 395-4692
FAX:
(202) 395-1575
NUMBER OF PAGES (INCLUDING COVER SHEET): 3
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Please FAX me ASAP your intentions to attend the PCAST dinner on
Thursday evening, November 14, 1991.
Thanks,
Annie
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Report
Economic Strategy Institute FDI Data Base (3 pp.)
11/8/91
(b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
Miscellaneous Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
[Miscellaneous] [3 of 3] [1991]
Date Closed:
5/7/2010
OA/ID Number:
62091-003
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
File
PEAST No.14-15 Nov. mtg
November 8, 1991
PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NOVEMBER 14-15, 1991
AGENDA
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1991
OPEN SESSION 9:00 AM - - 11:15 AM
CONFERENCE ROOM
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
722 JACKSON PLACE, NW
8:30 - 9:00
ARRIVAL AND COFFEE
9:00 - 9:15
OPENING REMARKS
DR. BROMLEY
9:15 - 10:00
BIODIVERSITY
DR. CLUTTER
10:00 - 10:15
DISCUSSION
DR. BROMLEY
10:15 - 11:00
MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
MR. KEARNS
EDUCATION
11:00 -
OPEN SESSION CLOSING REMARKS
DR. BROMLEY
(START OF CLOSED SESSION HERE AFTER 15 MINUTE BREAK)
THURSDAY, NOVMEMBER 14, 1991 Continued.
CLOSED SESSION 11:15 AM - 12:00 NOON
CONFERENCE ROOM
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
722 JACKSON PLACE, NW
11:15 12:00
S&T AND THE FOOD AND
DR. KESSLER
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
12:00 - 1:30
LUNCH
CLOSED SESSION - 1:30 PM TO 5:00 PM
CEA CONFERENCE ROOM
ROOM 324
OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING
1:30 - 2:00
DISCUSSION OF DRAFT PCAST REPORT
- Science and Technology and
TBD
National Security
- Global Environment and Natural Resources
DR. LOVEJOY
DR. BORLAUG
2:00 - 2:30
DISCUSSION OF PCAST PANEL PROGRESS
- High Performance Computing and
TBD
Communications
- Bioscience and Biotechnology
DR. NATHANS
DR. BORLAUG
- Education and Human Resources
DR. LIKINS
DR. DRAKE
- Megaprojects in the Sciences
DR. MCTAGUE
- International Economic Competitiveness
DR. GOMORY
2:30 - 3:30
DISCUSSION
DR. BROMLEY
3:30 - 4:15
THE GULF CONFLICT AND
GENERAL
U.S. MILITARY STRATEGY
POWELL
4:15 - 4:30
DISCUSSION
4:30 - 5:00
DISCUSSION OF DECEMBER AGENDA
DR. BROMLEY
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1991
CLOSED SESSION 9:00 AM - 12:00 NOON
CEA CONFERENCE ROOM
ROOM 324
OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING
8:30 - 8:50
ARRIVAL AND COFFEE
(DR. BROMLEY'S OFFICE, ROOM 358, OEOB)
8:50 - 9:00
MOVE TO CEA CONFERENCE ROOM, ROOM 324
9:00 - 9:30
PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH
MR. BOSKIN
9:30 - 10:00
DISCUSSION
10:00 - 10:45
S&T AND U.S. COMPETITIVENESS
SECRETARY
MOSBACHER
10:45 - 11:30
DISCUSSION
11:30 - 12:00
OTHER BUSINESS
DR. BROMLEY
AND CLOSING REMARKS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TAB
AGENDA
A
PRESS PEOPLE INVITED
B
PCAST MEMBERS EXPECTED
C
TALKING POINTS
THURSDAY OPEN SESSION
Open
Session
TALKING POINTS
THURSDAY CLOSED SESSION
Closed
Session
TALKING POINTS
FRIDAY CLOSED SESSION
Closed
Session
PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION ON WORLD POPULATION
D
TECHNOLOGY FORECAST BY JAPAN'S
ECONOMIC PLANNING AGENCY
E
DINNER INFORMATION
Rear
Pocket
DRAFT AGENDA FOR DECEMBER
F
PCAST PANEL CALENDAR AND PROGRESS CHART
G
CALENDAR FOR FUTURE PCAST MEETINGS
H
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES (Alphabetical Order)
I
Michael Boskin
Mary Clutter
David Kearns
David Kessler
Robert Mosbacher
Colin Powell
THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Council and Panel Calendar
November
14
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Location TBA.
15
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Location TBA.
20
Panel on Science, Technonology, and National Security, Deliberative
session to draft proposed issue paper for discussion by the PCAST.
21
Panel on International Economic Competitiveness, fact-finding session,
12:00 NOON to 4:00 PM, Old Executive Office Building, Room TBA.
22
Panel on High Performance Computing and Communications, Closed
Session, Old Executive Office Building, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Room 180.
Panel on Bioscience and Biotechnology, fact-finding session, 11:00 AM,
Old Executive Office Builiding, Room 476, Old Executive Office Building.
December
2
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
9:00 AM - 5:00 PM, Location TBA.
3
Panel on Science, Technology and National Security, Closed Session -
8:00 AM - 12:00 NOON, Location TBA.
12
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Open
Session - 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, CEQ Conference Room, 722 Jackson
Place. Closed Session - 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Location TBA.
13
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Closed
Session - 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON, Location TBA.
PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Expected Attendance For November Meeting
14th
Dinner*
15th
BORLAUG
Yes
Yes
Yes
BUCHSBAUM
No
No
No
DRAKE
Yes
Yes
Yes
GOMORY
Yes
Yes
Yes
GOOD
Yes
Yes
Yes
LIKINS
Yes
No
No
LOVEJOY
Yes
No
Yes
McTAGUE
Yes
Yes
Yes
MURRIN
Yes
Yes
Yes
NATHANS
Yes
?
Yes
PACKARD
?
?
?
SHAPIRO
No
No
No
—
I
-
Totals
9
6
8
* Dinner will be in the White House Mess.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
November 15, 1991
Dear Rich:
Thank you for sending copies of the Compendium of U.S. Science and
Technology Activities in Developing Countries. It looks great. You and
your CISET subcommittee colleagues are to be congratulated.
This Compendium will be very useful in identifying specific policy tools of
use in our relationships with developing countries. We should discuss at
our next CISET meeting how the document can help us define further the
U.S. Government's goals and objectives with respect to those countries.
10m Sincerely yours,
J. Thomas Ratchford
Associate Director
Honorable Richard E. Bissell
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Chair, SATIDE
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C. 20523
"Document Control"
TYPE:
Information
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124720
ORIGINATOR: 05
STATUS
DIRECTORATE STATUS C
FROM:
BISSELL, RICHARD: AID
TO:
RATCHFORD
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/04/91
SUBJECT: COPY OF THE COMPEDIUM OF U.S. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO:
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS: SHARE WITH SARA BOWDEN AND OTHER STAFF
OSTP RECEIVED:
DEPT RECEIVED: 11/08/91
FILE: AID
CENTRAL FILES:
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20523
ASSISTANT
ADMINISTRATOR
November 4, 1991
Dr. J. Thomas Ratchford
Associate Director for Policy
and International Affairs
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Old Executive Office Building, Room 494
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Dr. Ratchford:
I am pleased to enclose a final copy of the Compendium of U.S.
Science and Technology Activities in Developing Countries. A
draft was distributed and approved at the 17 September meeting of
the Committee on International Science, Engineering and
Technology (CISET).
The Compendium was compiled under the auspices of the CISET
Subcommittee on Science and Technology in Developing Economies
(SATIDE), with the active participation of 13 federal agencies
and departments. I greatly appreciate your agency's assistance
and cooperation.
The document provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse
range of federally supported scientific programs and projects in
developing countries. Each activity is cross-referenced to a
list of key words and the name and phone number of an appropriate
contact person for that activity. In addition to key words, data
can be extracted by agency, sector, country, or region.
In providing baseline data, the Compendium will contribute
significantly to an examination of the United States' future
priorities for S&T in the developing world. As this will be an
evolving process, the tools have been developed to update the
Compendium annually if the market demands.
Additional copies of the Compendium will be available within a
few weeks from the National Technical Information Service,
Department of Commerce.
Sincerely,
his
Richard E. Bissell
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Chair, SATIDE
"Document Control"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124731
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS C
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
BISSELL, Richard E.: AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
Sala
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/04/91
SUBJECT: HE IS PROVIDING DR. BROMLEY WITH A COPY OF THE
COMPENDIUM OF U.S. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED:
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
INTERNATIONAL/POLICY
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 11/12/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: INTERNATIONAL
CENTRAL FILES:
4731
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20523
RECEIVED
ASSISTANT
ADMINISTRATOR
91 NOV 12 A10: 11
November 4, 1991
OFFICE OF THE
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
DIRECTOR
Director
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Dr.
I am pleased to enclose a final copy of the Compendium of U.S.
Science and Technology Activities in Developing Countries. A
draft was distributed and approved at the 17 September meeting of
the Committee on International Science, Engineering and
Technology (CISET).
The Compendium was compiled under the auspices of the CISET
Subcommittee on Science and Technology in Developing Economies
(SATIDE), with the active participation of 13 federal agencies
and departments. The document provides a comprehensive overview
of the diverse range of federally supported scientific programs
and projects in developing countries.
In providing baseline data, the Compendium will contribute
significantly to an examination of the United States' future
priorities for science and technology in the developing world.
As this will be an evolving process, the tools have been
developed to update the Compendium annually if the market
demands.
To facilitate use of the Compendium, each activity is cross-
referenced to a list of key words and the name and phone number
of the appropriate contact person for that activity. In addition
to key words, data can be extracted by agency, sector, country,
or region.
Additional copies of the Compendium will be available within a
few weeks from the National Technical Information Service,
Department of Commerce.
Sincerely,
Min
Richard E. Bissell
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Chair, SATIDE
Compendium of
U.S. Science and
Technology Activities
in Developing Countries
Compiled under the auspices of
The Subcommittee on Science and Technology
in Developing Economies (SATIDE)
a Subcommittee of the Committee on International Science,
Engineering and Technology (CISET)
Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering
and Technology
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
November 18, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR OSTP STAFF
DABOL
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
SUBJECT: ABSENCE FROM THE OFFICE
During my absence from the office November 18 and 19, I have asked Dr. J. Thomas
Ratchford to serve as Acting Director. I shall appreciate your giving Tom your full
cooperation.
Thank you.
DRAFT
file
STAFF SCHEDULE FOR
PCAST MEETING
FEBRUARY 6, 1991
January 10, Friday
Development of staff schedule
January 13, Monday
Development of Agenda, schedule
FCCSET members making presentations
January 14, Monday Tuesday
Discuss proposed Agenda with Bromley
January 15, Tuesday Wednesday
Draft Agenda distributed to OSTP for
review
January 17, Friday
Agenda goes to PCAST members
January 23, Thursday
Begin preparation of briefing books
January 24, Friday
OSTP/PCAST Points of Contact meeting
to discuss panel reports
January 28, Tuesday
[STATE OF THE UNION]
January 29, Wednesday
Budget Press Conferences
begin
January 29, Wednesday
FCCSET Budget books arrive from
printer
January 31, Friday am
Briefing books go out by overnight
mail to PCAST members
February 6, Thursday
PCAST MEETING
DRAFT
/
The Councel reiterates its support for
the important innes trunt in the future that proposed
reflected in your FY 1992 Badgetrahmisseri,
particularly in the aread of research and development.
At the most March recent PCAST meeting you you were able
to attend the lack of a natural political constitunces
fu research, particularly especially individual investy tor
effects 9 T his makes to all the
more important strong a W hite House
followings with the Congress, particularly
as consideration moves to the appropriation
process.
and
2
From the anthorization heavings to date, it
is becoming increasingly clear that sustaining
your R+D D priorities will require your
personal and visible participation. If you
were to call together les the Republican
and b ipartisan Congressional leaders
investment
to highlight the priority this arreas has for
the nation it would be particularly effective.
The Comcil recommends such an action, in
realing ingrealization
then 1 of the many demands on your
time and political capital.
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Use OASIS!
1
For any number of visitors!
Enter All-in-1
3
TYPE
Enter Desk Management
LTAUP
OASIS
("DM")
For more than 5 visitors
Enter WAVES Function
("WA")
Must be typed!
Type visitors' full names, dates of
Call 456-6742
birth; meeting time, date, room;
2
your name and extension.
For 5 or fewer visitors only!
then.
Identify yourself; give your name
FAX to 395-5349
and extension
or
Give visitor's full name
and date of birth
Hand Deliver to
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Give date, time, meeting room
and staff contact
For Presidential And Vice Presidential Appointments, Provide Social Security Numbers.
E
M
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M
B
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395-4311. You must provide their social
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everyone. Please be considerate and reduce
unnecessary requests for immediate appoint-
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identifications, such as a drivers license or
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You must clear your visitors in each time they
need to enter the White House, OEOB or
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home.)
enter between 10:00 a.m. and noon). You must
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Visitor's packages and briefcases will be X-
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clear appointments into OEOB and NEOB only.