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MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
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Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
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13705-001
Folder Title:
Kay Orr Breakfast 2/8/90 [OA 8310]
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26
19
6
4
KAY ORR BREAKFAST / OMAHA, NEBRASKA
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1990 / 8:30 A.M.
GOVERNOR ORR, MAYOR MORGAN, CONGRESSMAN BEREUTER
[BEE-RIGHTER], CONGRESSWOMAN SMITH, GOVERNOR THONE,
FUTURE SENATOR HAL DAUB, NORM RIFFEL, DUANE ACKLIE,
SALLIE FOLSOM, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.
I'M DELIGHTED TO JOIN YOU FOR THIS EARLY-MORNING
BREAKFAST.
- 2 -
EVEN THOUGH BEING HERE AT THIS HOUR REMINDS ME OF THE
TIME I TOLD ONE OF MY GRANDKIDS THAT THE EARLY BIRD
GETS THE WORM. HE SAID: "I THINK I'LL SLEEP IN AND
HAVE PANCAKES." //
WELL, THIS MORNING WE'RE HAVING SPECIAL K. YES, IN
HONOR OF THE SPECIAL WOMAN WHO HAS COME A LONG WAY
SINCE SHE FIRST WORKED FOR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN
1963. // SHE'S GONE FROM RINGING DOORBELLS TO MAKING
HISTORY. // THE GREAT GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF
NEBRASKA. KAY ORR. //
- 3 -
I'VE KNOWN KAY SINCE 1976. AND I WANTED TO COME
HERE AND PERSONALLY ENDORSE HER. I'M HERE BECAUSE KAY
HAS MADE TOUGH CHOICES AND RIGHT DECISIONS. AND
BECAUSE HER FIRST TERM HAS PRODUCED NOT EMPTY RHETORIC
BUT RESULTS. // DWIGHT EISENHOWER ONCE SAID, "OUR
BEST PROTECTION AGAINST BIGGER GOVERNMENT IN WASHINGTON
IS BETTER GOVERNMENT IN THE STATES." // LET'S HELP
KAY KEEP MAKING GOVERNMENT BETTER. // LET'S HELP HER
WIN A SECOND TERM. //
- 4 -
THIS ELECTION WILL DECIDE WHETHER NEBRASKA ENJOYS
CONTINUED PROSPERITY. AND WHETHER YOU CONTINUE TO HAVE
THE LEADERSHIP IT TAKES TO WIN THE WAR ON CRIME AND
DRUGS. IT WILL DECIDE WHETHER NEBRASKA HAS FARM
POLICIES THAT WORK. AND AN EDUCATION SYSTEM THAT MAKES
THE GRADE. THOSE ARE THE QUESTIONS. // WELL, I HAVE
THE ANSWER. "FOUR MORE FOR [GOVERNOR] ORR." //
((You KNOW, KAY'S HUSBAND BILL LIKES TO TELL HOW HE
WENT TO THE BANK TO CASH A CHECK. THE TELLER LOOKED UP
AND SAID, "ARE YOU THE WIFE OF THE GOVERNOR?" //
- 5 -
EMBARRASSED, SHE TRIED TO MAKE AMENDS. "WHAT I MEAN,"
SHE SAID, "ARE YOU MR. KAY ORR?")) // ((BILL, I KNOW
HOW YOU FEEL. IT'S LIKE KAY IS ALWAYS TELLING ME:
"IT's FINE THAT YOU'RE HERE, MR. PRESIDENT. BUT IF YOU
REALLY WANT TO WOW THE CROWD, BRING BARBARA.")) //
As AMERICA'S FIRST REPUBLICAN WOMAN GOVERNOR, IT'S
TRUE: KAY HAS BECOME A HOUSEHOLD NAME. AND WHY NOT
WITH STATS RIVALING FOOTBALL'S BIG RED? MORE THAN
23,000 NEW JOBS AND $2.4 BILLION IN NEW INVESTMENT
SINCE 1987 -- THOSE ARE KAY ORR VICTORIES.
- 6 -
So IS NET FARM INCOME -- NEARLY TRIPLED -- AND AN
unemployment RATE CUT IN HALF. // NEBRASKA'S FIRST-
EVER CHILD CARE CREDIT. A CRUSADE To IMPROVE SECONDARY
AND HIGHER LEARNING -- STILL FURTHER VICTORIES. AND so
ARE A DRUG ADVISORY COUNCIL AND WILDLIFE PRESERVATION.
//
THESE TRIUMPHS HAVE HELPED THE WORKING PEOPLE OF
NEBRASKA. AND KAY NEEDS A SECOND TERM TO FINISH THE
JOB SHE'S so EFFECTIVELY BEGUN.
- 7 -
YET THE NEED IS NOT NEBRASKA'S ALONE. I NEED HER, Too,
TO SUPPORT THE WORK OF OUR ADMINISTRATION. FOR WE
WANT TO MAKE AMERICA A KINDER, GENTLER PLACE. // AND
GET MORE RESULTS FOR MORE AMERICANS THAN AT ANY TIME IN
OUR HISTORY. //
LAST WEDNESDAY NIGHT, I TALKED OF THIS IN MY STATE
OF THE UNION ADDRESS. AND OF THE TRIUMPHS OF 1989.
TRIUMPHS LIKE THE LOWEST UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN 16 YEARS.
- 8 -
INFLATION AT LESS THAN 5 PERCENT. AND THE LONGEST
PEACETIME ECONOMIC BOOM IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED
STATES. // YET WHAT I TERMED "THE IDEA CALLED
AMERICA" IS LIKE NEBRASKA: IT'S SOMETHING TO BUILD
UPON, NOT REST UPON. So WE HAVE SENT LEGISLATION TO
THE CONGRESS TO CONFRONT OUR MOST CRUCIAL ISSUES.
FOR EXAMPLE, PROSPERITY MEANS LITTLE IF OUR KIDS
AREN'T FREE FROM DRUGS. So LAST MONTH I ANNOUNCED THE
1990 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY -- PHASE II OF THE
COMPREHENSIVE DRUG POLICY WE UNVEILED LAST YEAR.
- 9 -
WE'RE ASKING CONGRESS TO SPEND OVER 10 AND A HALF
BILLION DOLLARS IN FISCAL YEAR 1991 FOR EDUCATION,
TREATMENT, INTERDICTION, AND ENFORCEMENT -- ABOUT A 70
PERCENT INCREASE SINCE I TOOK OFFICE IN 1989. //
WE ALSO WANT MANDATORY TIME FOR FIREARMS
OFFENSES. No DEALS WHEN CRIMINALS USE A GUN. AND AS
PHASE II PROPOSES, AN EXPANSION OF THE DEATH PENALTY
FOR DRUG KINGPINS. //
- 10 -
WE'VE REQUESTED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN FEDERAL
ASSISTANCE TO STATES AND LOCALITIES IN DRUG USE,
PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. AND WE'VE
ALREADY MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN ADDING MORE
POLICE, MORE PROSECUTORS, AND MORE PRISONS. // KAY
ORR SUPPORTS THESE STEPS. HER INITIALS AREN'T K.O. FOR
NOTHING. AND THAT'S WHAT SHE'LL HELP DO TO CRIME AND
DRUG USE. // I NEED HER AS GOVERNOR TO HELP TAKE BACK
THE STREETS. //
- 11 -
THEN, THERE'S ANOTHER PRIORITY OF OUR
ADMINISTRATION: THE EDUCATION OF OUR KIDS. // KAY
ORR KNOWS, AS I DO, THAT THE FUTURE OF THIS COUNTRY
BEGINS WITH EDUCATION. So SHE SUPPORTS OUR
"EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE Act OF 1989," WHICH CAN HELP
ACHIEVE, BY THE YEAR 2000, THE EDUCATION GOALS THAT I
ANNOUNCED LAST WEDNESDAY -- GOALS DEVELOPED WITH THE
NATION'S GOVERNORS.
- 12 -
WE MUST ENSURE THAT EVERY STUDENT IN AMERICA STARTS
SCHOOL READY TO LEARN. THAT'S WHY I'VE PROPOSED A
RECORD INCREASE IN FUNDS -- AN EXTRA HALF A BILLION
DOLLARS -- FOR A PROGRAM WHICH HAS AND CONTINUES TO
WORK: HEAD START. // AND WE MUST SEE THAT EACH
SCHOOL HAS AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE KIDS CAN LEARN. THAT
MEANS MAKING EVERY SCHOOL DRUG-FREE. // OUR
GRADUATION RATE MUST BE NO LESS THAN 90 PER CENT. AND
WE MUST MAKE DIPLOMAS MEAN SOMETHING.
- 13 -
So WE WANT U.S. STUDENTS TO BE FIRST IN THE WORLD IN
MATH AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT. AND WE MUST GUARANTEE
THAT EACH AMERICAN IS A SKILLED, LITERATE WORKER AND
CITIZEN. TOGETHER, WE CAN MAKE "THE IDEA CALLED
AMERICA" MEAN A DECENT EDUCATION FOR ALL. //
"THE IDEA CALLED AMERICA" ALSO MEANS THAT WORKING
PARENTS SHOULD HAVE INCREASED CHILD-CARE OPTIONS. OUR
LEGISLATION WILL ACHIEVE THAT GOAL. // AND IT MEANS A
CLEANER AMERICA.
- 14 -
So WE'VE SENT UP THE FIRST REWRITE OF THE CLEAN AIR AcT
IN OVER 10 YEARS. // WE ALSO WANT A MORE ABUNDANT
RURAL AMERICA -- WHERE AMERICANS WORK, INVEST, AND
SAVE. IN THE LATE 1980s, FARM INCOME HIT NEAR RECORD
LEVELS. Now, LET'S MAKE GOOD NEWS EVEN BETTER -- AND
KEEP NEBRASKA STRONG BY KEEPING AGRICULTURE THRIVING IN
THE 1990s. //
FIRST, I HOPE TO NEGOTIATE A NEW TRADE AGREEMENT
WITH THE SOVIET UNION BY THE 1990 SUMMIT.
- 15 -
THIS WILL RELAX TRADE BARRIERS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST --
EXPANDING MARKETS FOR AMERICAN EXPORTS. I FEEL
STRONGLY THAT SELLING OUR GRAIN TO THE SOVIET UNION IS
IN AMERICA'S INTEREST AS WELL AS THEIRS. // NEXT,
WE'RE GOING TO WRITE A NEW FARM BILL THIS YEAR. IT
MUST EMPHASIZE MARKET-ORIENTED FARM POLICIES GIVING
PRODUCERS MORE FLEXIBILITY TO DECIDE WHAT CROPS TO
GROW.
- 16 -
AND WE NEED THE INVESTMENT CREATED BY PASSING OUR
CAPITAL GAINS TAX CUT PROPOSAL, WHICH WOULD APPLY TO
THE SALE OF FARMLAND. TOGETHER, THESE DECISIONS WILL
SHOW WHAT'S GOOD FOR AGRICULTURE IS GOOD FOR AMERICA.
//
WHAT'S GOOD FOR ALL OF US, NATURALLY, IS THAT I BE
BRIEF. So LET ME CLOSE WITH A STORY ABOUT A COMMON
LOVE OF MINE AND RURAL AMERICA: FISHING.
- 17 -
IT CONCERNS MARK TWAIN, WHO -- LIKE ALL FISHERMEN --
LOVED TO BRAG ABOUT HIS EXPLOITS.
TWAIN ONCE SPENT THREE WEEKS FISHING IN THE MAINE
WOODS, IGNORING THE FACT THAT THE STATE'S FISHING
SEASON HAD CLOSED. ON THE WAY HOME, ABOARD THE TRAIN,
HE CAME UPON A STRANGER. AND IMMEDIATELY STARTED
TELLING HIM ABOUT ALL THE FISH HE'D CAUGHT.
- 18 -
FINALLY, MARK TWAIN ASKED, "By THE WAY, WHO ARE
YOU, SIR?" THE STRANGER REPLIED, "I'm THE STATE GAME
WARDEN. AND WHO ARE YOU?" // WITH THAT, AMERICA'S
GREATEST WRITER NEARLY SWALLOWED HIS CIGAR. AND AFTER
A LONG PAUSE HE ANSWERED, "WELL, TO BE PERFECTLY
TRUTHFUL, WARDEN. I'M THE BIGGEST DAMN LIAR IN THE
WHOLE UNITED STATES." //
- 19 -
TRULY, MARK TWAIN LOVED TO BRAG. BUT, THEN, HE HAD
MUCH TO BRAG ABOUT. AND so DOES NEBRASKA WHEN IT COMES
TO YOUR FIRST ELECTED WOMAN GOVERNOR.
KAY ORR HAS MADE TOUGH DECISIONS -- RIGHT
DECISIONS. AND THEIR RESULTS HAVE ENRICHED NEBRASKANS
FROM THE BANKS OF THE MISSOURI TO THE WYOMING LINE.
- 20 -
So LET'S ENSURE "FOUR MORE FOR [GOVERNOR] ORR."
AND PLEDGE TO SUPPORT ONE OF AMERICA'S TRULY GREAT
GOVERNORS. THANK YOU FOR THIS OCCASION. GOD BLESS
YOU. GOD BLESS AMERICA. AND LET'S KEEP KAY ORR THE
GOVERNOR OF THIS GREAT STATE OF NEBRASKA.
# # # #
Staffed
time 7:30
what time 7.8:30
where ? Peony Park
(Smith/Blessey)
how many 300
7:30 P.M.
intro Gov. Orr
Febriciny 1, 1990
notables
RAY8 03
Norm Riffel Lch PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: KAY ORR BREAKFAST
Dwane Acklie notl. Neb committenen
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1990
P.J.
[Beerighter]
Governor Viginia Orr, Mayor Morgan, Congressman Bereuter,
Congresswoman Smith, future Senator Hal Daub, Ladies and
Andy
gentlemen.
Norm Riffiel, Dwane Acklie
I'm delighted to be in Nebraska. And to join you for this
early-morning breakfast. Even though being here at this hour
reminds me of the time I told one of my grandkids that the early
bird gets the worm. He said: "I think I'll sleep in and have
pancakes. //
[Special
Votalie Penate
1023471-2044 2244
Well, this morning we're having ham and eggs.
And saluting
a woman who has come a long way since she first worked for the
comp
Republican Party in 1963. // She's gone from licking envelopes 70,
to licking Democrats. // The great Governor of the State of
Nebraska. Kay Orr.
//
Notelies Peste
You know, I've been acquainted with Kay since 1976. And I
wanted to come here and personally endorse her. I realize you
wanted to hear a few words from a prominent national figure who
can really fire up a crowd. // Unfortunately, Johnny Carson had
to go back to Los Angeles -- so I'm here instead.
I'm here because Kay has made tough choices and right
Posthress
decisions -- as Nebraskans are prone to do. And because her
first term has produced results, not empty rhetoric -- exactly
2
X
X
what Nebraskans want in a Governor. // Dwight Eisenhower once
Pmer.
said, "Our best protection against bigger government in
Quot.
P.180
Washington is better government in the States." // Well, let's
a
help Kay keep making government better. // Let's help her win
a second term. //
This election will decide whether Nebraska enjoys continued
SayDer ADY 87-89 Accomp.
prosperity. or whether it abandons the leadership which has cut
the jobless rate in half.
This election will decide whether -- on the one hand --
Nebraska has the leadership it takes to win the war on crime and
drugs. or whether -- on the other -- it chooses policies which
3
blame everyone but the criminal.
This election will decide whether Nebraska has farm policies
that work. And an education system that makes the grade. Those
are the questions. // Well, I have the answer. "Four More For
[Governor] Orr." //
You know, Kay's work began the morning after she was elected
joy Orr bio
America's first Republican woman Governor. // Remember what she
Votaliz did?
100
She said she d form a jobs creation council to help small
spened
towns recover from the farm recession. 11 She wasn't bluffing.
Vebrasko's She attacked the problem. She kept her promise. She got results.
doors
But then, that's not surprising -- for results distinguish
Disiness. DLSI Kay's career. She's gotten results for the last 25 years as a
State Republican leader. And as Nebraska State Treasurer. She
KayOre
bio
gót results in 1988 as the first woman Chair of the Republican
National Platform Committee. And as Governor of the Cornhusker
3
State -- well, her scoreboard is even better than last fall's
?
rout of Oklahoma.
// They'll never let me back in Norman again.
((You know, Kay's husband Bill likes to tell how he went to
3,11 OF
the bank to cash a check. The teller looked up and said, "Are
you the wife of the governor?" 11 Embarrassed, she tried to
make amends. "What I mean," she continued, "are you Mr. Kay
Orr?")) //
((Bill, I know how you feel. It's like Kay is always
telling me: "It's fine that you're here, Mr. President. But if
you really want to WOW the crowd, bring Barbara. ")) //
It's true: As Governor, Kay has become a household name.
Why not with stats rivaling Nebraska'a Big Red Machine? More
?
ore
than 23,000 new jobs and $2.4 billion in new investment since
1987 -- those are Kay Orr victories. So is farm income -- nearly
tripled -- and the lowest unemployment rate west of the
Mississippi
// Nebraska's first-ever child care credit.
A
Notaliz
crusade to improve secondary and higher learning. And mandatory
Notalie Pente
sentences for drug dealers -- still more victories. And so are
And
Bill Loey
a Drug Advisory Council, wildlife preservation and State income
taxes down by $34 million over the past two years. 11
These triumphs have aided the family, the taxpayer -- the
Pol.
Alm.
working people of Nebraska. And Kay needs a second term to
7.716
finish the job she's so effectively begun. Yet the need is not
Nebraska's alone. I need her, too, to support the work of our
Administration. For we want to make America a kinder, gentler
8th in nation
4
place. // And get more results for more Americans than at any
time in our history. //
Onion
Last Wednesday night, I talked of this in my State of the
Union Address. And of the triumphs of 1989. Triumphs like the
lowest unemployment rate in 15 years. Inflation at less than 5
per cent. And the low interest rates that remain the farmer's
Price
P.I.
And the longeot peacetive
thatis
3030
best friend.
economic
exponsion
called
Nations history
Yet like Nebraska, what I called "The Idea of America" is
6185
state
03/18/1
something to build upon, not rest upon. So we have sent
BDBA
legislation to the Congress to confront our most crucial issues.
For example, prosperity means little if our kids aren't free
Votl.Drug
from drugs. So last month I announced the 1990 National Drug
Portr.
Sidget
Control Strategy Phrase II of the comprehensive drug policy we
unveiled last year. We've asked Congress for over ten and a half
billion dollars in Fiscal Year 1991 a 70 per cent increase
Notl.
since I took office in 1989. // And I want an expansion of the
control
Phose #
death penalty for drug-related crimes. // Kay Orr supports
13
P
these steps. Her initials aren't K.O. for nothing. And that's
what she'll help do to crime and drug use. // I need her as
Governor to help take back the streets. //
Then, there's another priority of our Administration: The
Bio
education of our kids. // And in that context, recall how the
Seboter's 7.266
Imerican
great Nebraska author, Willa Cather, once said, "The history of
every country begins in the heart of a man or a woman. //
Well, Kay Orr knows, as I do, that the future of this
country begins with education. So she supports our "Education
5
SABA5
Excellence Act of 1989, " which can help achieve by the year 2000
the education goals that I announced last Wednesday.
Union
We must ensure that every student in America starts school
ready to learn. And that each school has an environment where
1/31/90
kids can learn. Our graduation rate must be no less than 90 per
cent. And we must make diplomas mean something. We want U.S.
students to be first in the world in math and science
achievement. We must guarantee that each American citizen is a
skilled, literate worker and citizen. And that every school is
drug-free. I need Kay Orr to help make "The Idea of America"
mean a decent education for all.
/
Ecolled
"The Idea of America" also means that working parents should
have increased child-care options. Our legislation will achieve
that goal. // And it means a cleaner America. So we've sent up
30BA
the first rewrite of the Clean Air Act in over 10 years. //
We
3.21
also want a more abundant Rural America -- where Americans work,
S.S.D.A.
invest, and save. In the late 1980s, farm income hit near record
stats
levels. Now, let's make good news even better -- and keep
Nebraska strong by keeping agriculture thriving in the 1990s. //
BABD
First, I want to grant most favored Nation status to the
P.8
Soviet Union by the 1990 Summit. This will relax trade barriers
between East and West -- expanding markets for American exports.
Next, we're going to write a new Farm Bill in 1990. It must
Dearers. 447-6185
emphasize market-oriented farm policies giving producers more
flexibility to decide what crops to grow. And we need the
investment created by passing our capital gains proposal, which
6
would apply to the sale of farmland. Together, these decisions
will show what's good for agriculture is good for America. //
What's good for all of us, naturally, is that I be brief.
So let me close with a story about a common love of mine and
Rural America: Fishing. It concerns Mark Twain, who -- like all
fishermen -- loved to brag about his exploits.
Brown
Twain once spent three weeks fishing in the Maine woods,
bittle
Book
ignoring the fact that the state's fishing season had closed. And
on the way home, aboard the train, he came upon a stranger. And
immediately started telling him about all the fish he'd caught
Finally, Mark Twain asked, "By the way, who are you, sir?"
The stranger replied, "I'm the state game warden. And who are
you?
// With that, America's greatest writer nearly swallowed
his cigar. And after a long pause he answered, "Well, to be
worden
perfectly truthful I'm the biggest damn liar in the whole United
States. //
Truly, Mark Twain loved to brag. But, then, he had much to
KeyOrr bio
brag about. And so does Nebraska's first elected woman Governor.
Kay Orr has made tough decisions -- right decisions. And
Voteling
their results have enriched Nebraskans from the banks of the
Missouri to the Wyoming line.
So let's ensure "Four More For [Governor] Orr." And pledge
to support one of America's truly great Governors. Thank you for
this occasion. God bless you. God bless America. And let's
keep Kay Orr the Governor of this great State of Nebraska.
#
#
#
#
Kay Ur
- 6 -
I ASK YOU TO SUPPORT OUR STRATEGY TO TAKE BACK THE
STREETS FROM CRIME AND DRUGS. // WE NEED MANDATORY
TIME FOR FIREARMS OFFENSES. NO DEALS WHEN CRIMINALS
USE A GUN. AND AS PHASE II PROPOSES, AN EXPANSION OF
THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUG-RELATED CRIMES. IN THAT
CONTEXT, I ASK YOU TO URGE YOUR STATE LEGISLATURES TO
APPROVE THE SAME PENALTY FOR THE KILLING OF LOCAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS. LET'S WORK TOGETHER TO STOP THE
HOOLIGANS AND THE THUGS. //
PHASE II AIMS TO HELP THE TEENAGER TORMENTED BY
CRACK. OR THE PREGNANT MOTHER WHOSE DRUG USE IMPERILS
HER CHILD. YET DRUGS ARE A NATIONAL, NOT ONLY FEDERAL,
PROBLEM. so YOU, Too, HAVE RESPONDED. MACON, GEORGIA,
FOR EXAMPLE, HAS STARTED THE MACON-BIBB WAR ON DRUGS.
AND IN HOUSTON, LOCAL OFFICIALS AND RESIDENTS OF ACRES
HOMES PROJECT HAVE TEAMED TO PURSUE "DRUG FREE
TOMORROWS." I VISITED ACRES HOMES LAST MONTH -- AND
THE COURAGE OF THAT COMMUNITY IS TRULY INSPIRING.
Death Penplty
AS of 1988
U.S. Cont. of Mayors
electrocution
1st degree murder for Pedl offerses
drug Kinglas Dre tried
draft
(Smith/Blessey)
4:00 P.M.
February 1, 1990
KAY
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: KAY ORR BREAKFAST
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1990
Governor Orr, Mayor Morgan, Congressman Bereuter,
Congresswoman Smith, future Senator Hal Daub, Ladies and
gentlemen.
I'm delighted to be in Nebraska. And to join you for this
early-morning breakfast. Even though being here at this hour
reminds me of the time I told one of my grandkids that the early
bird gets the worm. He said: "I think I'll sleep in and have
pancakes. //
Well, this morning we're having ham and eggs. And saluting
a woman who has come a long way since she first worked for the
Republican Party in 1963. // She's gone from licking envelopes
to licking Democrats. // The great Governor of the State of
Nebraska. Kay Orr. //
You know, I've been acquainted with Kay since 19_. And I
wanted to come here and personally endorse her. I realize you
wanted to hear a few words from a prominent national figure who
can really fire up a crowd. // Unfortunately, Johnny Carson had
to go back to Los Angeles -- so I'm here instead. //
I'm here because Kay has made tough choices and right
decisions -- as Nebraskans are prone to do. And because her
first term has produced results, not empty rhetoric -- exactly
2
what Nebraskans want in a Governor. // Dwight Eisenhower once
said, "Our best protection against bigger government in
Washington is better government in the States." // Well, let's
help Kay keep making government better. // Let's help her win
a second term. //
This election will decide whether Nebraska enjoys continued
prosperity. Or whether it abandons the leadership which has cut
the jobless rate in half.
This election will decide whether -- on the one hand --
Nebraska has the leadership it takes to win the war on crime and
drugs. Or whether -- on the other -- it chooses policies which
blame everyone but the criminal.
This election will decide whether Nebraska has farm policies
that work. And an education system that makes the grade. And
whether it has a Governor who embodies the values of honesty,
courage, and strength of character. Those are the questions. //
Well, I have the answer. "Four More For Orr." //
You know, Kay's work began the morning after she was elected
America's first Republican woman Governor. // Remember what she
did? She said she'd form a jobs creation council to help small
towns recover from the farm recession. // She wasn't bluffing.
She attacked the problem. She kept her promise. She got results.
But then, that's not surprising -- for results distinguish
Kay's career. She's gotten results for the last 25 years as a
State Republican leade. And as Nebraska State Treasurer. She
X
got results in 1988 as the first woman Chair of the Republican
3
National Platform Committee. And as Governor of the Cornhusker
State -- well, her scoreboard is even better than last fall's
rout of Oklahoma. // They'll never let me back in Norman again.
( (You know, Kay's husband Bill likes to tell how he went to
the bank to cash a check. The teller looked up and said, "Are
you the wife of the governor?" // Embarrassed, she tried to
make amends. "What I mean," she continued, "are you Mr. Kay
Orr?") ) //
((Bill, I know how you feel. It's like Kay is always
telling me: "It's fine that you're here, Mr. President. But if
you really want to WOW the crowd, bring Barbara. ")) //
It's true: As Governor, Kay has become a household name.
Why not with stats rivaling Nebraska'a Big Red Machine? More
than 23,000 new jobs and $2.4 billion in new investment since
1987 -- those are Kay Orr victories. So is farm income -- nearly
tripled -- and the lowest unemployment rate west of the
Mississippi. // Nebraska's first-ever child care credit. A
crusade to improve secondary and higher learning. And mandatory
sentences for drug dealers -- still more victories. And so are
a Drug Advisory Council, wildlife preservation, and State income
taxes down by $34 million over the past two years. //
These triumphs have aided the family, the taxpayer -- the
working people of Nebraska. And Kay needs a second term to
finish the job she's so effectively begun. Yet the need is not
Nebraska's alone. I need her, too, to support the work of our
Administration. For we want to make America a kinder, gentler
4
place. // And get more results for more Americans than at any
time in our history. //
Last Wednesday night, I talked of this in my State of the
Union Address. And of the triumphs of 1989. Triumphs like the
lowest unemployment rate in 15 years. Inflation at less than 5
per cent. And the falling interest rates that remain the
farmer's best friend.
Yet like Nebraska, what I called "The Idea of America" is
something to build upon, not stand upon. So we have sent
legislation to the Congress to confront our most crucial issues.
For example, prosperity means little if our kids aren't free
from drugs. So last month I announced the 1990 National Drug
Control Strategy -- Phrase II of the comprehensive drug policy we
unveiled last year. We've asked Congress for over ten and a half
billion dollars in Fiscal Year 1991 -- a 41 per cent increase in
outlays over the current year. // And I want an expansion of
the death penalty for drug-related crimes. // Kay Orr supports
these steps. Her initials aren't K.O. for nothing. And that's
?
what she'll help do to crime and drug use. // I need her as
Governor to help take back the streets. //
Then, there's another priority of our Administration: The
education of our kids. // And in that context, recall how the
great Nebraska author, Willa Cather, once said, "The history of
every country begins in the heart of a man or a woman. " //
Well, Kay Orr knows, as I do, that the future of this
country begins with education. So she supports our "Education
5
Excellence Act of 1989," which can help achieve by the year 2000
the education goals that I announced last Wednesday.
These goals are to see that each student starts school ready
to learn. And that each school has an environment where kids can
learn. To achieve a 90 per cent graduation rate. And make
diplomas mean something. We want U.S. students to be first in
the world in math and science achievement. We must ensure that
each American citizen is a skilled, literate worker and citizen.
And that every school is drug-free. Already, you've made great
strides in Nebraska. I need Kay Orr to help win the race to make
American education No. 1 again. //
Yes, our goal is a freer America. So we have proposed
child-care legislation to increase options for working parents.
// And a cleaner America. So we've sent up the first rewrite of
the Clean Air Act in over 10 years. // We also want a more
abundant Rural America -- where Americans work, invest, and save.
In the late 1980s, farm income hit near record levels. Now,
let's make good news even better -- and keep Nebraska strong by
keeping agriculture thriving in the 1990s. //
J
First, I want to grant more favored Nation status to the
Soviet Union by the 1990 Summit. This will relax trade barriers
between East and West -- expanding markets for American exports.
Next, we're going to write a new Farm Bill in 1990. It must
emphasize market-oriented farm policies giving producers more
flexibility to decide what crops to grow. And we need the
investment created by passing our capital gains proposal, which
6
would apply to the sale of farmland. Together, these decisions
will show what's good for agriculture is good for America. //
What's good for all of us, naturally, is that I be brief.
So let me close with a story about a common love of mine and
Rural America: Fishing. It concerns Mark Twain, who -- like all
fishermen -- loved to brag about his exploits.
Twain once spent three weeks fishing in the Maine woods,
ignoring the fact that the state's fishing season had closed. And
on the way home, aboard the train, he came upon a stranger. And
immediately started telling him about all the fish he'd caught.
Finally, Mark Twain asked, "By the way, who are you, sir?"
The stranger replied, "I'm the state game warden. And who are
you?" // With that, America's greatest writer nearly swallowed
his cigar. And after a long pause he answered, "Well, to be
perfectly truthful, I'm the biggest damn liar in the whole United
States." //
Truly, Mark Twain loved to brag. But, then, he had much to
brag about. And so does Nebraska's first elected woman Governor.
Kay Orr has made tough decisions -- right decisions. And
their results have enriched Nebraskans from the banks of the
Missouri to the Wyoming line.
So let's ensure "Four More For Orr." And pledge to support
one of America's truly great Governors. Thank you for this
occasion. God bless you. God bless America. And let's keep Kay
Orr the Governor of this great State of Nebraska.
#
#
#
#
Blessey
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
FEBRUARY 7 - 8, 1990
EVENTS:
Staff Photo
Breakfast for Governor Kay Orr
Viewing of Static Display
SAC Briefing
Phone Call to SAC Personnel Worldwide
Intelligence Operations Center Briefing
DRESS:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Day Dress
CONTACT:
Office of Presidential Advance
John G. Keller, Jr.
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Peggy Hazelrigg
- 202/456-7565
Omaha, Nebraska Signal
- 202/395-1500
402/399-9254
ADVANCE:
Leo Tomeu
- LEAD
Kathy McCoy
- PRESS
Sam Tong
- USSS
Bruce Caughman
- MIL. AIDE
Stuart Morrison
- WHCA
Larry Largent
- AFI
WEATHER:
Partly Cloudy/low 40's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
FEBRUARY 7 - 8, 1990
7:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Omaha Municipal Airport,
(C.S.T.)
Eppley Field, Omaha, Nebraska.
Met by:
The Honorable Kay Orr and Mr. Bill Orr
Governor of Nebraska
The Honorable P. J. Morgan
Mayor of Omaha
The Honorable Charles Thone
Former Governor of Nebraska
BQ '88 Nebraska Chairman
Mr. Norm Riffel
Nebraska Republican Party Chairman
Mrs. Sallie Folsom
Republican National Committeewoman
Mr. Duane Acklie
Republican National Committeeman
Mrs. Ann Batchelder
Nebraska BQ '88 Finance Chairwoman
7:30 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Omaha Airport en route
Marriott Hotel.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
L. Tomeu
Spare
T. McBride
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Control
A. Card
Gen. Scowcroft
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
S. Rogich
J. Keller
Medic
Staff I
J. Cicconi
D. Demarest
Camera I
Camera II
G. Fendler
Wire I
Wire II
Staff Van
Guest Van
Press Van I
J. Herrick
Press Van II
Press Van III
(Drive Time: 25 Minutes)
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Marriott Hotel, please
proceed to Room 430 (Staff Office) for
Room Assignments and Keys.
Page Two
7:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Marriott Hotel and proceeds
to Suite.
Met by:
Mr. Joseph Tramontozzi
General Manager, Marriott Hotel
Mr. Jay Elliott
Director of Sales, Marriott Hotel
Ms. Shirley Hornbeck
Sales Manager, Marriott Hotel
8:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Suite for RON.
NOTE:
Mrs. Bush will join THE PRESIDENT
at this time.
Thursday, February 8, 1990
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
7:30 am
Baggage Call. Please place
all unlocked baggage outside
your room at this time.
7:40 am
Guests and Staff should board
Motorcade in front of Hotel
at this time.
7:50 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Suite and
proceed to Motorcade.
7:55 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Marriott Hotel en route Peony Park.
Page Three
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
L. Tomeu
Spare
T. McBride
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Control
A. Card
Gen. Scowcroft
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
S. Rogich
J. Keller
P. Swift
Medic
Staff I
J. Cicconi
D. Demarest
Camera I
Camera II
G. Fendler
Wire I
Wire II
Staff Van
Guest Van
Press Van I
J. Herrick
Press Van II
Press Van III
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
Page Four
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Peony Park, Guests and
Staff will be escorted to Staff Viewing
Area.
8:05 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Peony Park
Ballroom and proceed to Holding Room.
Met by:
Governor Kay Orr and Mr. Bill Orr
Governor of the State of Nebraska
8:07 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Holding Room
and hold briefly.
8:10 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by
Governor Orr and Bill Orr, depart Holding Room
and proceed to Staff Photo Area.
EVENT:
STAFF PHOTO
OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHER ONLY
8:12 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Staff Photo
Area and begin participation in Staff Photo.
8:25 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Staff Photo, depart Staff Photo Area and
proceed to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
Page Five
8:27 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Off-Stage
Announcement Area and hold briefly.
EVENT:
BREAKFAST FOR GOVERNOR KAY ORR
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
BRIEF REMARKS
8:28 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by
Governor and Mr. Orr, are announced into Ballroom,
proceed to Head Table and take their Seats.
8:29 am Mayor P. J. Morgan introduces Governor
Orr
8:30 am
THE PRESIDENT is introduced for Brief Remarks by
Governor Orr.
8:35 am
THE PRESIDENT makes Brief Remarks.
8:45 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes Brief Remarks, and,
with Mrs. Bush, departs Ballroom and proceeds to
Holding Room.
8:47 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Holding Room
and hold briefly.
8:49 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room
and proceed to Motorcade.
Page Six
8:50 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Peony Park en route SAC Headquarters,
Offutt Air Force Base.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
L. Tomeu
Spare
T. McBride
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Control
A. Card
Gen. Scowcroft
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
S. Rogich
J. Keller
P. Swift
Medic
Staff I
J. Cicconi
D. Demarest
Camera I
Camera II
G. Fendler
Wire I
Wire II
Staff Van
Guest Van
Press Van I
J. Herrick
Press Van II
Page Seven
Press Van III
(Drive Time: 30 Minutes)
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at SAC Static Display Area,
only Briefing Room Participants will
participate in Static Display with
THE PRESIDENT.
Remaining Guests and Staff will be
escorted to Staff Viewing Area or may
board Air Force One.
9:20 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Offutt Air
Force Base and proceed via Foot to Static Display
Area.
Met by:
General and Mrs. John (Jack) T. Chain, Jr. (Jodie)
Commander, SAC Headquarters
EVENT:
VIEWING OF STATIC DISPLAY
OPEN PRESS
9:25 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by
General and Mrs. Chain, begin participation in
Viewing of Static Display.
9:50 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Viewing of Static Display and proceed to board
Motorcade.
Page Eight
9:55 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Static Display Area en route SAC
Headquarters.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 3 Minutes)
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at SAC Headquarters, Guests
and Staff will be escorted to Staff
Holding Room during the Briefing.
During the Phone Call to SAC Personnel,
Guests and Staff will be escorted to Staff
Viewing Area. Following Phone Call,
Guests and Staff will be escorted back to
Staff Holding Room.
9:58 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive SAC
Headquarters and proceed to Command Center
Conference Room.
NOTE:
Mrs. Bush, escorted by Mrs. Chain,
will assume a separate tour of SAC
at this time.
EVENT:
SAC BRIEFING
CLOSED PRESS
10:00 am
THE PRESIDENT, accompanied by General Chain,
arrives Conference Room and begins
participation in SAC Briefing.
Page Nine
10:30 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
in Briefing and, accompanied by General Chain,
proceeds downstairs to Command Center Operations
Room.
EVENT:
PHONE CALL TO SAC PERSONNEL WORLDWIDE
PRESS POOL
10:33 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Command Center Operations
Room and proceeds to his Seat.
10:35 am
THE PRESIDENT begins participation in Telephone
Call to SAC Personnel Worldwide.
10:45 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in Phone
Call, departs Command Center Operations Room and
proceeds to Intelligence Operations Center.
EVENT:
INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS CENTER BRIEFING
CLOSED PRESS
10:50 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Intelligence Operations
Center and proceeds to Briefing Room.
10:51 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Briefing Room and begins
participation in Briefing.
Met by:
Major General John Clapper, Jr.
Commander, Intelligence Operations Center
Page Ten
11:10 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in Briefing,
and begins participation in Intelligence
Operations Center Tour.
11:20 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Intelligence Operations Center Tour and proceeds
to board Motorcade.
NOTE:
Mrs. Bush re-joins THE PRESIDENT
at this time.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 3 Minutes)
11:23 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Air Force One
and proceed to board Air Force One.
11:25 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Air Force One.
11:30 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Omaha, Nebraska
(C.S.T.)
en route Columbus, Ohio.
(Flying Time: 1 Hour 35 Minutes)
(Interchange: Yes)
(Time Change: Ahead 1 Hour)
(Food Service: Lunch)
Page Eleven
FEB 05 '90 15:24 NEBRASKA GOVERNOR'S OFFICE
P.1
STATE OF NEBRASKA
KAY A. ORR, GOVERNOR
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
ROOM 2316, STATE CAPITOL
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68509
(402) 471-2244
Fax No. (402) 471-0805
DATE 2.5.90
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
NO. OF PAGES TO BE TRANSMITTED (INCLUDING COVER): 2
TO BE DELIVERED TO: Stephanie Blessey
FROM THE OFFICE OF: Natalie seetz
REMARKS:
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR, BOX 94848, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68509-4848, PHONE (402) 471-2244
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER
FEB 05 '90 15:25 NEBRASKA GOVERNOR'S OFFICE
to
STATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
your Room
(1
October 1989
Nover
Rank
State
Rate
Rank
State
Rate
Note
1
Hawaii
2.52%
1
Delaware
2.78%
2
Nebraska
2.75
3
No. Carolina
3.06
Hawaii is
2
Hawaii
2.79
3
No. Carolina
2.83
4
Utah
3.48
West of Miss.
4
Nebraska
2.88
5
Delaware
3.49
5
Connecticut
3.37
6
Vermont
3.51
All others
6
Minnesota
3.49
7
Connecticut
3.54
are higher
7
Utah
3.52
8
Maryland
3.63
8
Maryland
3.56
9
Minnesota
3.65
9
Vermont
3.74
10
Maine
3.73
10
Kansas
3.89
OTHER WESTERN STATES
(Prelim)
October 1989
November 1989
Rank
State
Rate
Rank
State
Rate
11
No. Dakota
3.83%
11
So. Dakota
3.92%
12
So. Dakota
3.88
17
No. Dakota
4.10
14
Iowa
3.90
18
Iowa
4.15
17
Idaho
4.05
20
Idaho
4.35
21
Kansas
4.19
21
Arizona
4.40
23
California
4.56
24
Oklahoma
4.57
24
Oregon
4.57
26
Colorado
4.76
26
Colorado
4.76
28
Nevada
4.82
28
Arizona
4.83
29
California
4.89
29
Oklahoma
4.87
32
Oregon
5.17
30
Nevada
4.90
34
Missouri
5.33
34
Wyoming
5.16
35
Washington
5.53
35
Missouri
5.18
38
New Mexico
5.80
36
Washington
5.22
39
Wyoming
5.81
37
Montana
5.29
41
Montana
5.96
38
Arkansas
5.48
42
Arkansas
6.08
41
New Mexico
5.93
45
Alaska
6.90
42
Texas
6.03
47
Texas
6.91
48
Alaska
7.14
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
DED Research, 2/5/90
STATE OF NEBRASKA
KAY A. ORR, GOVERNOR
GOVERNOR'S SEAL
STATE
OF
DOUGLAS E. PARROTT COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR
Jeanie
Here is a biography, fact sheet on
accomplishments and the Governor's
1990 State of the State address.
If you can work it in, a great deal
of our campaign theme is built around
"getting results for people. "
We have gotten results through new
jobs, better education for children,
a new attitude, and our efforts to
protect families from drug abuse.
Critics have hit us hardest on tax
policies (you should skip this issue)
and on being too pro-business.
The more the President can say about
the Governor being a leader, making
tough decisions that are best for people,
the better.
If you have any questions or need more
information, please call.
EXECUTIVE SUITE STATE CAPITOL
P.O. BOX 94848, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68509-4848, (402) 471-2244
BIOGRAPHY OF GOVERNOR KAY ORR
Kay A. Orr made history on November 4, 1986 when she became the
first woman to be elected Governor of the State of Nebraska and the
first Republican woman Governor in history.
The Governor was born in Burlington, Iowa on January 2, 1939. She
received her public schooling in Iowa and California, and then attended
the University of Iowa. She is married to William D. Orr, a Senior
Vice-President and Director of Agencies for Woodman Accident and Life
Insurance Company. They have two children son John and daughter,
Suzanne Orr Gage. The Governor has one grandson.
Governor Orr has been an active leader in the Republican party at
local, state and national levels for the past 25 years and has been an
elected delegate to the past four Republican national conventions.
In June of 1981 she was appointed Nebraska State Treasurer, and in
November of 1982 was elected to a full term as State Treasurer, the
first woman ever elected to a statewide constitutional office in
Nebraska. In 1988 Governor Orr had the distinction of serving as the
first woman chair of the Republican National Platform Committee.
As a member of the National Governor's Association, she currently
chairs the Transportation and Commerce committee, serves on the
Agriculture and Rural Development committee, and is a member of the
NGA's Task Force on Foreign Markets. The Governor also serves on the
Commission for Presidential Debates.
Governor Orr has made job creation and education her top
priorities. Since taking office the Governor has spread a message
nationwide that Nebraska is Open for Business. Her Jobs Creation
legislation is responsible for more 2-billion dollars in planned
investments and the creation of over 21,000 jobs in the state.
She has been a friend to education through increased funding for
local schools, our colleges and University, as well as for the salaries
we pay our teachers and faculty.
In 1989 the Governor led an effort to return more than $120
million in property and income tax relief. In 1990, the Governor has
proposed a $98 million dollar property tax relief plan for taxpayers.
She has also offered a comprehensive drug plan that includes increased
enforcement, tougher laws, improved education, and enhanced drug
treatment programs.
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
519
Pacific mittees: Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations, and
Affairs; Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chairman).
Gov. Charles Thone (R) Elected 1978, term expires 1983; b. Jan. 4, 1924,
Hartington; U. of Neb., J.D. 1950; Presbyterian.
RPN NFU LCV. CFA NAB NSI ACA NTU
Career Army, WWII; Deputy Secy. of State of Neb., 1950-51; Asst.
Atty. Gen. of Neb., 1951-52; Asst. U.S. Dist. Atty., Lincoln Ofc.,
40
60
51
45
50
58
80
1952-54; Admin. Asst. to U.S. Sen. Roman Hruska, 1954-59; Practicing
45
74
-
-
36
-
-
69
atty., 1959-71; U.S. House of Reps., 1971-79.
45
Offices State Capitol, Lincoln 68509, 402-471-2244.
) Egypt-Saudi Arms
AGN
) Draft Restr Pardon AGN
11) Hosptl Cost Contnmnt FOR
) Wheat Price Support FOR
12) Clinch River Reactor FOR
1 Panama Canal Treaty AGN
13) Pub Fin Cong Cmpgns FOR
Election Results
Labor Law Rev Clot AGN
14) ERA Ratif Recissn
AGN
15) Med Necssy Abrtns
AGN
1978 general
Charles Thone (R)
275,473
(56%)
Gerald T. Whelan (D)
216,754
(44%)
1978 primary
Charles Thone (R)
89,378
(45%)
(D)
313,805
Robert A. Phares (R)
48,402
(25%)
ster (R)
(53%)
279,284
($237,613)
Stan Juelfs (R)
43,828
(22%)
(D)
(47%)
79,988
($391,287)
Two others (R)
15,546
(8%)
(49%)
77,384
1974 general
J.J. Exon (D)
267,012 (59%)
(47%)
7,194
Richard D. Marvel (R)
159,780
(35%)
1 (R)
(4%)
240,894
Ernest Chambers (Ind.)
24,320
(5%)
n (D)
(53%)
217,681
(47%)
mes .D.; Exon (D) Elected 1978, seat up 1984; b. Aug. 9, 1921,
FIRST DISTRICT
home, Lincoln; U. of Omaha; Episcopalian.
The 1st congressional district of Nebraska is a band of 27 counties in the eastern part of the
state. Outside of Lincoln, the district's largest city and state capital, the economy of the 1st is
n's tral Inc., office equip. business 1954-70; Vice Chm., Neb. St.
my, WWII; Branch Mgr., Universal Finance Co., 1946-54;
based almost entirely on agriculture. The political inclination of the region is Republican, of
Comm., 1964-68; Gov. of Neb., 1970-78.
course, but there are a couple of counties with large German Catholic communities which have
faithfully supported Democrats of such diverse origin as John Kennedy and Jimmy Carter.
65. 29 DSOB, 202-224-4224. Also Fed. Bldg., Omaha 68102,
Lincoln, the capital and-more important to people here-home of the University of Nebraska
Cornhuskers, is traditionally Republican. But the city's large number of state employees have
sometimes joined members of the university community to swing Lincoln into the Democratic
S and Armed Services (9th). Subcommittees: Arms Control;
column. But on a number of occasions Lincoln, with all its state government employees, seems to
Personnel; Research and Development.
have preferred Republicans to economy-minded Democrats. In 1970 this was one of the few parts
of the state that did not favor Governor James Exon, and in 1978 it gave a solid margin to Charles
th).
Thone over Exon's Lieutenant Governor, Gerald Whalen.
The 1st district has seen a number of close congressional elections in the sixties and seventies. A
on (9th). Subcommittees: Aviation; Communication; Surface
Democrat captured the district in 1964 and lost close races in 1966 and 1968; he ran as an
Independent in 1970 and split the Democratic vote, helping to elect Thone with a bare majority.
Thone had a close contest in 1974 against state Democratic Chairman Hess Dyas, and there was
another seriously contested race in 1978, when Thone stepped down to run for governor. Dyas
was again the Democratic nominee, while the Republican nomination was won in a tough primary
by Douglas Bereuter. He had worked as a top appointee of Governor Norbert Tiemann, the
Republican whose tax policies helped elect Exon, and is considered a moderate. The reputation of
not being opposed to all government programs helped him carry Lincoln; the Republican Party
label helped him carry most of the rural counties in the district. His victory, particularly given the
334,096 (68%)
($234,862)
past history of the district, suggests that he should become well established in this district, and
159,706
inopposed
(32%)
($218,148)
might even make him a contender for statewide office.
301,841 (53%)
($250,392)
Census Data Pop. 494,335. Central city, 30%; suburban, 6%. Median family income, $8,203;
265,922
(47%)
($38,629)
families above $15,000: 13%; families below $3,000: 12%. Median years education, 12.2.
The Voters
Median voting age 45.
Employment profile White collar, 43%. Blue collar, 27%. Service, 15%. Farm, 15%.
Ethnic groups Total foreign stock, 14%. Germany, 6%.
710
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
711
NEBRASKA - Congressional Districts, Counties, and Selected Places (3 Districts)
NEBRASKA
3
103'
5
102'
7
101*
8
9
100"
10
11
99°
12
13
98°
14
15
97°
16
17
96'
18
19
95
-
"The traveler crossing Nebraska," wrote the WPA Guide in the late 1930s, "gets an
SOUTH DAKOTA
of broad fields, deep skies, wind, and sunlight; clouds racing over prairie swells; herds impression of
43'
BOYD
grazing on the sandhills; red barns and white farmhouses surrounded by fields of tasseling cattle
KEYA PAHA
B
DAWES
and ripening wheat; windmills and wire fences; and men and women who take their living con
KNOX
CEDAR
DIXON
CHERRY
the soil." That was two generations after Nebraska was settled, in one giant rush, in the from
SIOUX
SHERIDAN
BROWN
ROCK
HOLT
C
when its population increased from 452,000 to 1,062,000 in a single decade, more than 1880s, it
BOX BUTTE
ANTELOPE
PIERCE
DAKOTA
WAYNE
THURSTON
42*
increased ever since (it is now 1.6 million). Within that same decade Nebraska became a has
IOWA
SCOTTS
GRANT
HOOKER
THOMAS
BLAINE
GARFIELD
WHEELER
MADISON
CUMING
LOUP
BURT
regional center and Lincoln a state capital. Today Nebraska remains heavily dependent major
D
BLUFF
MORRILL
BOONE
WASHINGTON
farming and related industries, and Omaha and Lincoln are still its only significant cities. This on
GARDEN
ARTHUR
DODGE
BANNER
McPHERSON
LOGAN
VALLEY
GREELEY
PLATTE
2
a state that sprang suddenly into existence and has changed strikingly little in the years since.
CUSTER
NANCE
Omaha
E
KIMBALL
CHEYENNE
KEITH
HOWARD
MERRICK
That is not what its founders intended: they hoped Nebraska would develop into diversified
3
SHERMAN
DOUGLAS
POLK
BUTLER
SARPY
DEUEL
SAUNDERS
LINCOLN
farming, industrial and commercial centers like Ohio or Illinois or Missouri or Minnesota. But
Grand
CASS
Island
DAWSON
BUFFALO
YORK
SEWARD
Lincoin
PERKINS
F
COLORADO
HALL
while the 1880s were a time of plentiful rain here, the 1890s were a decade of drought, and
1
OTOE
ANCASTER
Nebraska stopped growing. Many rural counties and even Omaha lost population, and have been
CHASE
HAYES
FRONTIER
GOSPER
PHELPS KEARNEY
ADAMS
CLAY
FILLMORE
SALINE
NEMAHA
MISSOURI
exporting people ever since; and the creative energies in the economy seem to have skipped over
G
GAGE
DUNDY
HITCHCOCK
RED
FURNAS
HARLAN
WILLOW
FRANKLIN
WEBSTER
NUCKOLLS
THAYER
EFFERSON
PAWNEE RICHARDSON
the Great Plains and moved far to the West. Most of Nebraska's settlers, like most migrants,
40"
were young people, optimistic and motivated, in search of opportunity, with families full of
H
KANSAS
children. Fully 48% of the one million Nebraskans of 1890 were children, and a very large
LEGEND
percentage of them moved elsewhere when they grew up. Since 1890, Nebraska has exported
2
Congressional district number
Congressional district boundary
SCALE
people to the West, the great metropolitan areas of the Midwest, and to Texas and the
Place 100,000 more inhabitants
N
20
40
60
80
100
Knometers
-
39"
Southwest; since 1940, it has grown in percentage terms less than all but seven other states
Place 50.000 100.000 inhabitants
Place 25,000 50.000 inhabitants
20
40
60
80
100
Miles
(Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Iowa, and the Dakotas). Only 28% of
State capital underlined
J
Nebraska's 1.6 million residents today are children, meaning that there are actually 60,000
fewer children then there were 90 years ago.
94 Department Commerce
BUREAU THE CENSUS
K
103*
102"
101*
8
100°
10
11
99"
12
13
98"
14
15
97"
16
17
*
18
19
The sudden boom of the 1880s and the bust of the 1890s produced the most colorful-and
- districts established May 28, 1981: all other boundaries are January 1980.
atypical-politics of Nebraska's history: namely the populist movement and William Jennnings
Bryan, the "silver tounged orator of the Platte." Bryan was only 36 when he delivered the
famous Cross of Gold speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention and was swept to the
Boosalis, the mayor of Lincoln, in 1986. (This easy acceptance of women as leaders is not so
Democratic nomination; he was thought so radical that Democratic President Grover Cleveland
surprising when you remember pioneer women built sod houses, raised children, and taught
wouldn't support him, but Bryan still won 47% of the vote. Nebraskans supported Bryan, whose
them the classics of Western culture.) In her first term, spurred by the chief executive of giant
program may have been forward-looking, but whose purpose was retrograde: to restore
ConAgra, Orr and the legislature in 1987 pushed through a tax package lowering the top rates of
Nebraska to the prosperity and prospects it enjoyed a few years before. Bryan won the
the state income tax and cutting some business taxes; in return, ConAgra expanded operations
Democratic nomination again in 1900 and 1908 but never came as close to winning as he did the
rather than make good on its threat to move its headquarters from Omaha. Orr argues that this
first time. By then Nebraska had already gone to the Republicans, and Bryan himself eventually
program will produce much needed economic growth; some opponents say that it is an
moved to Florida. Since Bryan's time, Nebraska's most notable politician has been George
Norris, representative (1909-13) and Senator (1913-43). During the progressive era, Norris led
election. undeserved break for the rich and well-placed. This may turn out to be a central issue in the 1990
the House rebellion against Speaker Joseph Cannon; during the 1930s, he pushed through the
Orr's other major initiative did not turn out quite as she hoped. In March 1987, when Senator
Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act, the first national pro-union legislation, and the Tennes
Edward Zorinsky suddenly died, she spurned the pleas of Congressman Hal Daub and former
see Valley Authority.
Wate chairman Kermit Brashear, who had their eyes on the seat, and appointed agribusiness
Governor. Heavily Republican, Nebraska has had Democratic governors for most of the last
education and backing Orr's candidacy in 1986. In 1988, Karnes beat Daub after a bitter
executive David Karnes, whose main political experience was in serving on the Omaha board of
20 years, thanks largely to the personal popularity of Jim Exon and Bob Kerrey, both of whom
have gone on to become Senators. The state's current governor, Kay Orr, is a Republican, #
against primary, but ran far behind Bob Kerrey in the general; probably no Republican had a chance
aggressive conservative who started off as a staffer to Governor Charles Thone, became state
like Kerrey, but the intra-party fight did not help. If Orr decides to seek reelection in 1990
treasurer in 1981, and won the nation's first two-woman governor's race against Democrat Helen
whom says she'll announce in January of that year), she might face Lincoln mayor Bill Harris,
some speculate may seek the Democratic nomination.
712
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
713
Senators. Nebraska's senior Senator is James Exon, who served eight years as a popular
just getting his introduction to national and international issues, with which he doesn't claim to
pennypinching governor in the 1970s and was elected to the Senate in 1978. He combines
be deeply conversant.
somewhat conservative tendencies on issues with a temperamental inclination to be a team
Presidential politics. Nebraska is one of the most Republican of states in presidential
player with his fellow Democrats. He boasts of how he turns one-quarter of his office allowance
elections. But Farm Belt discontent sometimes tips it a little toward the Democrats: in 1980 it
back to the government, and he was one of the first Armed Services Democrats to announce he
was the second most Republican state, in 1984 the fourth, in 1988 the eighth. There is a bit of an
would vote against John Tower for secretary of Defense. On the Armed Services Committee he
urban-rural split, with greater Omaha and Lincoln, which now cast almost half the state's votes,
is sometimes skeptical of weapons projects, but not so nearly as often as some other Democrats;
running less Republican than the western counties, which vote like adjacent Wyoming.
like most Nebraskans he is concerned about the big SAC Air Force base near Omaha. On the
Nebraska has a presidential primary in May which once attracted attention; the whole
Budget Committee, he is skeptical about Gramm-Rudman, charging that rather than forcing
national press followed Robert Kennedy and Eugene McCarthy out here in 1968 and took note
real action it has produced fake actions to balance the budget. Exon's legislative accomplish-
when Frank Church won in 1976. No more. The big event in the 1988 primary was the
ments tend to come in the interstices between big issues: he backed extended air service to small
Republican Senate race; the presidential nominations were already sewed up.
towns, a clean grain study, raising the interstate speed limit to 65, and minting the American
Congressional districting. Nebraska hasn't lost a House seat since the Census of 1960, and it
eagle gold coin. He has pushed legislation to require disclosure of foreign investment in the
changes its House district lines just a little every 10 years. It's likely to do so again after the 1990
United States and to block foreign takeovers if they are believed to endanger national security.
Census.
Exon remains popular in Nebraska, but he has not won a race by a big margin for more than a
decade. In 1984 his Republican opponent, Nancy Hoch, attacked him for being not so much a
The People: Est. Pop. 1988: 1,601,000; Pop. 1980 1,569,825, up 2.0% 1980-88 and 5.7% 1970-80;
liberal as a backbencher, who had no major accomplishments; that infuriated Exon, who cited
0.66% of U.S. total, 36th largest. 17% with 1-3 yrs. col., 16% with 4+ yrs. col.; 10.7% below poverty
all manner of bills he had sponsored but still could not credibly portray himself as a national
level. Single ancestry: 22% German, 6% English, 4% Irish, 2% Swedish, Polish, 1% French, Italian,
leader. Like many incumbents, Exon profited from contributions by PACs, which gave him over
Dutch, Norwegian. Households (1980): 72% family, 38% with children, 63% married couples; 31.6%
housing units rented; median monthly rent: $170; median house value: $38,000. Voting age pop. (1980):
$500,000 but up to mid-October had given Hoch only $57,000. Even so, Exon won by only 52%-
1,122,655; 3% Black, 1% Spanish origin. Registered voters (1988): 898,959; 378,360 D (42%), 455,472
48%. He is expected to run again in 1990, at age 69, and he is likely to be prepared for a tough
R (51%), 65,127 unaffiliated and minor parties (7%).
race. Possible GOP candidates are 1st District Congressman Doug Bereuter and Douglas
County attorney Ron Staskiewicz.
Bob Kerrey, Nebraska's junior Senator, is one politician who stirs genuine passion from his
1988 Share of Federal Tax Burden:
$4,972,000,000; 0.56% of U.S. total, 34th largest.
constituents. After almost a decade in politics, he still seems anything but a professional
politician. He is a man of striking determination: serving in the Navy in Vietnam, he won the
1988 Share of Federal Expenditures
Congressional Medal of Honor, and then made speeches against the war; though he lost his right
Total
Non-Defense
Defense
leg below the knee, he runs the marathon. A restaurant owner and a political unknown, he ran for
Total Expend-
$5,935m
(0.67%)
$5,112m
(0.78%)
$958m
(0.42%)
governor in 1982 and ousted incumbent Charles Thone. While in office, he dated the sultry
St/Lcl Grants
712m
(0.62%)
711m
(0.62%)
1m
(0.82%)
movie star Debra Winger, which seemed to charm Nebraskans. In 1986, Kerrey shocked most
Salary/Wages
832m
(0.62%)
383m
(0.57%)
449m
(0.57%)
politicians by deciding at 43 not to seek reelection, despite 70%-plus job approval ratings (and
Pymnts to Indiv
2,679m
(0.65%)
2,564m
(0.66%)
115m
(0.62%)
Procurement
392m
even though voters repealed his seat belt law and sales tax for education); in 1988, he surprised
(0.21%)
135m
(0.29%)
392m
(0.21%)
Research/Other
1,319m
(3.53%)
1,318m
(3.56%)
1m
(3.56%)
very few by winning the Senate seat held by appointee David Karnes after the death of Edward
Zorinsky.
The most bitter part of that Senate race came not in the general, but in the Republican
Political Lineup: Governor, Kay A. Orr (R); Lt. Gov., Bill Nichol (R); Secy. of State, Allen J.
primary between Karnes and Omaha Congressman Hal Daub. After Daub spoke favorably of an
Beermann (R); Atty. Gen., Robert Spire (R); Treasurer, Frank Marsh (R); Comptroller, Ray A. C.
across-the-board spending freeze, a Karnes ad charged he'd cut Social Security, and Karnes
Johnson (R). Unicameral legislature, 49 (no party affiliation). Senators, J. James Exon (D) and Robert
noted that Daub lived in a $400,000 Washington area house. Daub said Karnes's policy of not
Kerrey (D). Representatives, 3 (2 R and 1 D).
finishing old water projects before starting new ones would make Nebraska a desert, and noted
that Karnes supported a May 1987 vote that would have cut social security COLAs. There was
1988 Presidential Vote
1984 Presidential Vote
an edge of personal nastiness to the contest, which Karnes finally won by piling up a 2 to I
Bush (R)
397,956
(60%)
Reagan (R)
460,054 (71%)
margin in the west compared to Daub's 3 to 2 margin in the Omaha area. But Karnes made to a
Dukakis (D)
259,235
(39%)
Mondale (D)
187,866 (29%)
couple of classic gaffes, agreeing in a pre-primary debate that he would accept tax increases
cut deficits, and saying after the primary, "We need fewer farmers at this point in time." This off
1988 Democratic Presidential Primary
1988 Republican Presidential Primary
Dukakis
106,334
(63%)
Bush
138,784
(68%)
effectively prevented him from making any headway against Kerrey's lead, and he fell
Jackson
43,380
(26%)
Dole
45,572
(22%)
Republican moneygivers' priority lists, and ended up losing by a 57%-42% margin.
Gephardt
4,948
(5%)
Robertson
10,334
(5%)
In the Senate, Kerrey got some plum committee assignments-Agriculture, a plus for any
Hart
4,220
(2%)
Kemp
8,423
(4%)
Nebraska Senator, and Appropriations, not usually given to freshmen. His personal magnetism he
Gore
2,519
(1%)
leads many who know him to wonder whether he might be a presidential candidate some day; is
Simon
2,104
(1%)
starts out well known in the western part of the first caucus state, Iowa. In the meantime he
Uncommitted
4,763
(3%)
714
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
715
Key Votes
GOVERNOR
1) Cut Aged Housing $
AGN
5) Bork Nomination
AGN
9) SDI Funding
FOR
Gov. Kay A. Orr (R)
2) Override Hwy Veto
FOR
6) Ban Plastic Guns
AGN
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
Elected 1986, term expires Jan. 1991; b. Jan. 2., 1939, Burlington
3) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
AGN
7) Deny Abortions
FOR
11) Aid To Contras
FOR
4) Min Wage Increase
AGN
8) Japanese Reparations
FOR
12) Reagan Defense $
AGN
IA; home, Lincoln; U. of IA; Protestant; married (William).
Career: Executive Asst. to NE Gov. Charles Thone, 1979-81; NE
Election Results
Treasurer, 1981-86; Chwmn., Repub. Natl. Platform Cmtee
1984 general
J. James Exon (D)
332,217
(52%)
($886,760)
1988.
Nancy Hoch (R)
307,147
(48%)
($583,632)
Office: State Capitol Bldg., Rm. 2316, Lincoln 68509, 402-471-
1984 primary
J. James Exon (D) unopposed
(68%)
($234,862)
2244.
1978 primary
J. James Exon (D)
334,096
Don Shasteen (R)
159,706
(32%)
($218,148)
Election Results
1986 gen.
Kay A. Orr (R)
298,325
(53%)
Helen Boosalis (D)
265,156
(47%)
Sen. Robert Kerrey (D)
1986 prim.
Kay A. Orr (R)
75,914 (39%)
Elected 1988, seat up 1994; b. Aug. 27, 1943, Lincoln; home,
Kermit Brashear (R)
60,308 (31%)
Omaha; U of NE, M.S. 1966; Congregationalist; divorced.
Nancy Hoch (R)
42,649 (22%)
1982 gen.
Robert Kerrey (D)
277,436 (51%)
Career: US Navy, 1966-69; Restauranteur; Gov., NE, 1983-87.
Charles Thone (R)
270,203
(49%)
Offices: 302 HSOB 20510, 202-224-6551. Also 7602 Pacific St.
Omaha 68114, 402-391-3411; and 100 Centennial Mall N., Rm.
294, Fed. Bldg, Lincoln 68508, 402-437-5246.
SENATORS
Committees: Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (10th of 10 D).
Subcommittees: Agricultural Production and Stabilization of
Sen. J. James Exon (D)
Prices; Nutrition and Investigations; Agricultural Research and
Elected 1978, seat up 1990; b. Aug. 9, 1921, Geddes, SD; home,
General Legislation. Appropriations (16th of 16 D). Subcommit-
Lincoln; U. of Omaha; Episcopalian; married (Patricia).
tees: Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies; Dis-
trict of Columbia; VA, HUD and Independent Agencies; Treasury,
Career: Army, WWII; Branch Mgr., Universal Finance Co.,
Postal Service, and General Government.
1946-54; Pres., Exon's Inc., office equip. business, 1954-70; Gov.
of NE, 1970-78.
Offices: 330 HSOB 20510, 202-224-4224. Also 8305 New Fed.
Group Ratings and Key Votes: Newly Elected
Bldg., 215 N. 17th St., Omaha 68102, 402-221-4665; 287 Fed.
Election Results
Bldg., 100 Centennial Mall N., Lincoln 68508, 402-471-5591; and
275 Fed. Bldg., North Platte 69101, 308-534-2006.
1988 general
Robert Kerrey (D)
378,717
(57%)
($3,461,148)
David Karnes (R)
278,250
(42%)
($3,411,361)
Committees: Armed Services (2d of 11 D). Subcommittees: Man-
1988 primary
Robert Kerrey (D)
156,498
(91%)
power and Personnel; Strategic Forces and Nuclear Deterrence
Ken L. Michaelis (D)
14,248
(8%)
(Chairman); Projection Forces and Regional Defense. Budget (5th
1982 general
Edward Zorinsky (D)
363,350
(67%)
($523,141)
of 13 D). Commerce, Science, and Transportation (4th of 11 D).
Jim Keck (R)
155,760
(29%)
($489,186)
Subcommittees: Aviation; Communications; Surface Transporta-
tion (Chairman).
Group Ratings
FIRST DISTRICT
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
The plains sweep west from the bluffs of the Missouri River, along the always wide and
1988
35
33
46
75
10
48
31
90
50
22
shallow Platte River and a dozen less daunting and dustier tributaries. Eastern Nebraska for just
1987
65
-
43
58
-
38
50
37
-
-
a century, has been an area of well-ordered farmlands and square-gridded small towns, with land
that is just irregular enough in its contours and weather that is just unreliable enough in its heat
National Journal Ratings
and rainfall to make it difficult though still possible to make a decent living here. The 1st
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Congressional District of Nebraska is a band of 26 counties covering most of eastern Nebraska,
Economic
37%
-
61%
39%
-
60%
except for a few counties around and including Omaha. The largest city, Lincoln, state capital
Social
38%
-
61%
45%
-
52%
and home of the University of Nebraska Cornhuskers, is the only fast-growing part of the district
Foreign
52%
45%
46%
-
49%
and now casts nearly 40% of its votes. The political inclination of the region is Republican, but
716
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
717
Lincoln has become almost Democratic, voting heavily against Governor Kay Orr in 1986 and
nearly favoring Michael Dukakis over George Bush in 1988.
National Journal Ratings
The 1st District's congressman, Douglas Bereuter, is a Republican with experience in and
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Economic
29%
70%
28% - 71%
positive feelings about government; he was a city planner and a top aide to Governor Norbert
Social
33%
—
66%
25%
-
73%
Tiemann, who was beaten by Jim Exon in 1970 after raising taxes. He spends much time
trade issues. According to National Journal, he "understands the connection between agricul- on
Foreign
38%
-
61%
41%
-
58%
tural policy and international trade," and he boosted in the 1988 trade bill provisions to open
Key Votes
foreign markets to American farm products. His style on farm and other issues tends to be
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
bipartisan: with Florida Democrat Richard Lehman he wrote the Farmer Mac provision in the
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
1987 farm credit bill, and with California Democrat Mel Levine he became head of the House
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
Export Task Force in 1988. He tends to other farming matters-grain quality, the diesel tax,
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
groundwater recharge-as well. He joined Intelligence in 1989.
Bereuter has been reelected regularly by handsome margins and could indefinitely hold this
Election Results
district which was fiercely contested from 1964 to 1976 and probably will be again if he doesn't
1988 general
Douglas K. (Doug) Bereuter (R)
146,231
(67%)
($221,530)
run. He is thinking about running for Jim Exon's seat in 1990, and if he does, that should be a
Corky Jones (D)
72,167
(33%)
($96,278)
issues. tough race between two politicians both classed as moderates but with contrasting approaches to
1988 primary
Doug K. (Doug) Bereuter (R), unopposed
1986 general
Douglas K. (Doug) Bereuter (R)
121,772
(64%)
($227,910)
Steve Burns (D)
67,137
(36%)
($92,746)
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 530,300, up 1.4% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 523,079, up 6.6% 1970-80
Households (1980): 71% family, 36% with children, 63% married couples; 31.1% housing units rented;
median monthly rent: $167; median house value: $38,300. Voting age pop. (1980): 383,987; 1% Spanish
SECOND DISTRICT
origin, 1% Black, 1% American Indian.
Omaha is a city with a 19th century economic base that has grown gracefully into the late 20th
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
century, the site selected by Abraham Lincoln as the eastern terminus of the transcontinental
123,674
(56%)
Dukakis (D)
railroad, the home of the stockyards and livestock exchange that made it the nation's third
96,134
(43%)
largest livestock town. Over the years Omaha filled up with cattle hands from the West and
immigrants from Europe (especially Germans and Czechs); it developed fine civic institutions
Rep. Douglas K. (Doug) Bereuter (R)
from the Joslyn Art Museum to the Ak-Sar-Ben (spell it backwards) Exhibition to its
Elected 1978; b. Oct. 6, 1939, York; home, Utica; U of NE, B.A.
refurbished old theaters; it developed a competitive politics, with Democrats strong on the south
1961, Harvard U., M.C.P. 1966, M.P.A. 1973; Lutheran: married
side around the stockyards and Republicans in the higher-income neighborhoods west of 72d
(Louise).
Street. Already a major city by the 1880s, Omaha is still a small enough city-famous on Wall
Career: Army, 1963-65; Urban Planner, U.S. Dept. of HUD.,
Street as the place where Warren Buffett lives and works-to be readily comprehensible; you
1965-66; Div. Dir., NE Econ. Devel. Dept., 1967-68; Dir., NE
don't feel distant, physically or psychologically, from neighborhoods on the other side of town,
Office of Planning, 1969-71; NE Senate, 1974-78.
and you usually know people from a broader range of backgrounds than you would in a large
Offices: 2446 RHOB 20515, 202-225-4806. Also 1045 K St.,
homogeneous neighborhood within a big metropolitan area.
Lincoln 68508, 402-471-5400.
Omaha, which together with a few counties 80 miles up and down the Missouri River forms
Nebraska's 2d Congressional District, was the site of one of America's most strenuously
Committees: Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (7th of 20 R).
contested House races in 1988-and one which in a mostly apathetic year inspired some genuine
Subcommittees: Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and
Insurance; Housing and Community Development; International
enthusiasm and a large turnout. Congressman Hal Daub was running for the Senate seat
Development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy; Policy Re-
traditionally allotted to Omaha, though he had to run in the primary against appointed
search and Insurance (Ranking Member). Foreign Affairs (8th of
incumbent David Karnes and, if he had won that, face popular former Governor Bob Kerrey in
18 R). Subcommittees: Human Rights and International Organiza-
the general. The favorite to replace Daub was Democrat Cece Zorinsky, widow of former
tions (Ranking Member); International Economic Policy and
Omaha Mayor and Senator Edward Zorinsky, who died in March 1987; another strong
Trade. Select Committee on Hunger (6th of 10 R). Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (5th of
candidate was Republican Jerry Schenken, a doctor active in AMA affairs. But the winner, by a
7 R). Subcommittee: Oversight and Evaluation.
narrow margin in both primary and general, was Democrat Peter Hoagland, a former state
Helen
senator and lawyer from an old-line Omaha Republican family. Hoagland challenged Zorinsky
Group Ratings
to debate seven months before the primary; she, unsteady on the facts of national policy, refused,
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
CEI
and he kept renewing his challenge and running ads stressing how tough the times were.
COC
1988
20
39
21
55
44
71
90
93
47
Hoagland edged her 51%-44%.
76
1987
20
—
18
36
—
57
—
80
51
Schenken, meanwhile, beat a state senator 38%-30% in his primary and, fortified by
-
contributions from doctors across the country, was spending freely. He attacked Hoagland for
718
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
719
42%, showing him next to Michael Dukakis. But Dukakis ended up losing the 2d District ran an ad
backing tax increases in the legislature and also for votes on crime and drugs, and
reform not an insurmountable problem for a ticketmate. Hoagland hit Schenken on his by 58%
THIRD DISTRICT
vote in both and the built an organization that fielded 1,200 volunteers in Omaha, bringing period for
handguns, plans, backed plant closing laws, a higher minimum wage and a waiting medicare
"The Middle West merges with the West" in central Nebraska, where "fields give way to the
great cattle ranches of the sand hill area, life is more leisurely and manners more relaxed.
end of the south and west sides. The two campaigns together spent about $2 million out his
Something of the old West still survives," wrote the WPA Guide 50 years ago, "a cowboy riding
by a 51%-49% race, margin. the fourth highest of any district race in the country. Ultimately, Hoagland by won the
hard against the sky, a herd of white faces coming down from the hills to water, bawling calves at
branding time. Here neighbors think nothing of strolling a mile or two of prairie to pay an
In the House, Hoagland got the seat on the Banking Committee he sought, and will
evening call, and one can travel for hours without finding a sign of human habitation. On the
in 1990. for two years, but given the narrow margin, this could be a seriously contested advantages seat of
incumbency concentrating on the savings and loan problem, among others. He will have the be
high plateaus of the Panhandle, where the wind cuts along the broad valley of the Platte, rocks
and buttes rise. Occasionally a coyote may be seen crossing a 'blowout' hollowed by the wind
among the dunes." This is now Nebraska's 3d Congressional District, with one-third of the
state's people spread over three-quarters of its acreage; except for the towns along the interstate,
The Households People: Est. Pop. 1986: 551,400, up 5.5% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 522,919, 6.2%
the 3d has been losing population for decades; in 1988, it cast 214,000 votes, down from 253,000
median (1980): 72% family, 42% with children, 60% married couples; 35.7% housing up units 1970-80.
in 1940.
2% Spanish monthly rent: $190; median house value: $40,500. Voting age pop. (1980): 364,998; 7% rented; Black,
Politically, the 3d District merges Midwest and West as well. It has the Farm-Belt's demand
origin, 1% Asian origin.
for farm subsidy and aid programs and the West's angry opposition to federal interference on all
other fronts. Presidentially, it is as heavily Republican as the Rockies: 74% and 81% for Ronald
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
Reagan, 67% for George Bush. In congressional elections, it is ultra-safe territory for Virginia
Dukakis (D)
130,193
(58%)
94,071
Smith, a chipper and enthusiastic Republican first elected, narrowly, in Democratic 1974. She is
(42%)
now the dean of Republican women in the House. For 20 years, Smith chaired the American
Farm Bureau Women, once one of the free enterprise pillars of Republican strength in the Farm
Rep. Peter Hoagland (D)
Belt; she was an active Republican as well. Now she has a seat on the Appropriations Committee
Elected 1988; b. Nov. 17, 1941, Omaha; home, Omaha; Stanford
and is a vote for frugality, sometimes even on defense issues. But on farm programs, she is a
bara). U.; A.B. 1963, Yale U., J.D. 1968; Espiscopalian; married (Bar-
quick and persistent voice against cuts and looks out closely, as the ranking Republican on Jamie
Whitten's Agriculture Subcommittee, for the interests of wheat growers. She fights congres-
Career: Practicing atty, 1968-88; NE House of Reps., 1979-87.
sional pay raises and boosts rural health care programs, backs senior citizen aid and subsidies for
local bus lines. She tends carefully to even the minutest water projects in often arid western
Offices: 1415 LHOB, 20515, 202-225-4155. Also 8424 Zorinsky
Nebraska; her late-in-the-primary support for Senator David Karnes's water policy (though
Fed. Bld., 215 N. 17th St., Omaha 68102, 402-221-4216.
technically she kept her pledge to be neutral) helped Karnes beat Smith's Omaha colleague Hal
Committees: Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (30th of 31 D).
Daub 2 to 1 in the west and win the 1988 primary.
Subcommittees: Domestic Monetary Policy; General Oversight
In June 1989, Smith announced she would retire, saying, "there is a time in life for
and Investigations; Housing and Community Development; Finan-
everything." With the overwhelming Republican voter registration in this district, it seems likely
cial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance; Interna-
that her successor will retain her party label.
tional Development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy. Small
Special Problems.
Business (24th of 27 D). Subcommittee: Exports, Tax Policy and
Group Ratings and Key Votes: Newly Elected
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 516,000, dn. 1.5% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 523,827, up 4.2% 1970-80.
Election Results
Households (1980): 73% family, 38% with children, 66% married couples; 28.1% housing units rented;
1988 general
Peter Hoagland (D)
origin. median monthly rent: $142; median house value: $34,700. Voting age pop. (1980): 373,670; 2% Spanish
Jerry Schenken (R)
112,174
(51%)
($858,762)
1988 primary
Peter Hoagland (D)
109,193
(49%)
($1,158,294)
Cece Zorinsky (D)
33,394
(51%)
David A. Wilken (D)
28,635
(44%)
1986 general
Harold J. (Hal) Daub (R)
2,922
(4%)
Walter M. Calinger (D)
99,569
(59%)
($509,019)
70,372
(41%)
($57,627)
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
144,089
(67%)
Dukakis (D)
69,030
(32%)
120
NEDNASKA
Rep. Virginia Smith (R)
Elected 1974; b. June 30, 1911, Randolph, IA; home, Chappell; U.
of NE, B.A. 1936; United Methodist; married (Haven).
Career: Owner, wheat ranch, 1931-74; Mbr., NE Bd. of Ed. for
St. Colleges, 1950-60; Natl. Chwmn., Amer. Farm Bureau
Women, 1955-74; Mbr., Amer. Farm Bur. Fed., 1955-74; Chwmn
and Pres., Task Force on Rural Devel., 1971-72.
"As it was in the
Offices: 2202 RHOB 20515, 202-225-6435. Also 312 W. 3d SL,
century ago, "Nev
P.O. Box 2146, Grand Island 68802, 308-381-5555; and 1502 2d
still on shafts and (
Ave., Scotts Bluff 69361, 307-622-3333.
of personal morals
Mackay's time. Re
Committees: Appropriations (8th of 22 R). Subcommittees: Ry-
ral Development, Agriculture and Related Agencies (Ranking
Tonopah of the pa
Member); Energy and Water Development.
Sunday an open h
cowboys still roll t
rodeos." There we
money in a mining
Group Ratings
divorces were only
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
Today's Nevada
1988
25
27
12
64
19
80
66
80
93
54
Vegas (where Clai
1987
4
-
10
29
-
78
-
|
93
59
around Reno; bene
National Journal Ratings
arisen a prospering
of the Cow Counti
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Economic
emptier. But almo
29%
-
70%
24%
-
74%
Social
state largely built 1
29%
-
70%
0%
}
90%
Foreign
30%
-
67%
still a booming tou:
28%
-
70%
gaudily kick up its
Key Votes
who built the Flam
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
his Beverly Hills he
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps AGN
Howard Hughes be
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
companies, and Ne
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
for the western (e
Election Results
nation's nuclear we
1988 general
Virginia Smith (R)
remains dependent
107,302
(79%)
($229,109)
John D. Racek (D)
45,183
(21%)
($13,451)
to recognize,
1988 primary
Virginia Smith (R), unopposed
Politically, Neva
1986 general
Virginia Smith (R)
136,985
(70%)
($253,292)
admitted to the U
Scott E. Sidwell (D)
59,182
(30%)
($74,227)
reelection. The Co
but up through the
h Beth miller
Chairman of Foreig
absurdly large am
repressive McCarr
4
named for him) ai
owners were called
ing. For years, Nev
to keep nuclear wa
In the last half-
Democratic to Rep
least family-orient
nation), while 64%
occupied by marri
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF GOVERNOR KAY ORR
1987-1989
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Nebraska unemployment ended 1989 at 2.7%, compared to 5.5%
when Governor Orr took office. That was the lowest December
unemployment rate in 16 years. Nebraska had the 4th lowest
unemployment rate in the country last year.
Manufacturing employment in Nebraska grew at a rate of 4.3%
last year, fifth highest in the nation. Rural manufacturing
employment grew at a higher percentage than metropolitan areas.
Nonfarm employment grew at 3.1%, 8th highest in the country.
Governor Orr led the effort to revitalize Nebraska's economy
through performance based incentives, sending a message out
nationally that Nebraska is "Open For Business."
This "Jobs Creation" legislation has been responsible for 327
new business projects; $2.4 billion in new investments for
Nebraska; and the creation of more than 23,000 new job
opportunities in 69 Nebraska communities.
Since Governor Orr took office, Nebraskans receiving welfare
or food stamp assistance has been reduced by more than 2,000
families.
Tourism recorded a third consecutive record year, with $1.6
billion in spending anticipated for 1989.
Retail sales have increased by more than 10% in most Nebraska
communities in the past year, helping to reduce business
failures in Nebraska by nearly 40%.
Governor Orr is committed to revitalizing rural Nebraska
communities
and has been personally involved in town hall
meetings in small communities to discuss new economic
development plans.
EDUCATION
-Governor Orr has restored over $10-million in State Aid to
Education for public schools, which had been cut by the previous
administration.
In addition, state aid funding for special education in
Nebraska will increase by $22-million during the Governor's
first term.
The Governor signed a two-year, $40-million increase to
improve salaries for Nebraska school teachers.
-Governor Orr has supported significant increases to improve
higher education in Nebraska. The Governor has made the
following funding commitments through her first term:
--52% increase to the University of Nebraska system;
--53% increase to Nebraska's State Collges;
--45% increase to Nebraska's Technical Community Colleges.
-Governor Orr has supported $750,000 for increased
scholarships to students at public and private colleges in
Nebraska.
--Nebraska is in the middle of a 5-year, $60 million dollar
research initiative program for the University system. Research
is underway on all three University campuses, helping to develop
new products that will be produced and marketed in Nebraska.
TAXES
The Governor helped restructure Nebraska's income tax system,
breaking it away from being dependent on federal income tax
laws.
In the past two years, the Governor has proposed and signed
legislation to reduce income taxes in Nebraska by $34 million,
including a first ever credit for child and dependent care.
-Governor Orr led the effort to return more than $100-million
in direct property tax relief to Nebraskans in 1989, and
supports continued funding for property tax relief in 1990.
The Governor provided leadership following a Nebraska Supreme
Court property tax decision, leading to passage of three bills
to protect Nebraska schools, cities and counties from losing
more than $30 million in revenue in 1989.
SUMMARY
Governor Orr has provided leadership that has produced positive
results for Nebraskans. She believes in creating opportunities
for people to provide a better quality of life for their
families. She has kept her campaign commitments to promote
economic development, create jobs, improve education, and
establih a new, positive attitude among Nebraskans. She is now
leading the state effort to fight drug abuse through
enforcement, education and treatment.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Orlando, Florida)
For Immediate Release
January 8, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE AMERICAN FARM BUREAU
Orlando Convention Center
Orlando, Florida
10:47 A.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much. Thank you,
Dean. (Applause.) Well, my thanks to my friend, Dean Kleckner, Farm
Bureau President, for that ware introduction. We're grateful for his
leadership on that National Economic Commission, and the tremendous
support of you, the members of the Farm Bureau. My thanks, too, to
Bob Delano out here, former Farm Bureau President, whose leadership
and counsel have been so helpful to me. I'm happy to have my
distinguished -- our distinguished Secretary of Agriculture Clayton
Yeutter here at my side, doing a superb job for us. (Applause.) And
I know you'll hear tomorrow from Ambassador Carla Hills. You talk
about two people who understand the need to open up foreign markets
to U.S. agricultural products -- these two are tough and they are the
tops -- and we're grateful to both of them. (Applause.) My friend,
Bob Martines, Governor Martines, it's always a pleasure to see you
and visit your beautiful state.
And, of course, I'm very proud of the next two -- great
to see Senator Connie Mack here -- a new Senator making a national
impression, I'll tell you. And next to him, or right near him -
second from the end -- my close friend, and a long-time supporter,
Bill McCollum. Two outstanding voices for Florida in our Nation's
Capital. I wish we had a lot more like them, I'll tell you.
(Applause.)
I just returned from a little fishing and hunting over
the holidays in Texas and Alabama, and I heard a story about the time
that Mark Twain spent three weeks fishing in Maine after the fishing
season had closed. On the way home, aboard the train, he told the
man seated next to him about all the fish he'd caught. Finally, Mark
Twain asked, "By the way, who are you, sir?" "I's the State Game
Warden," replied the man. "Who are you?" And after a long pause,
Twain said, "Well, to be perfectly truthful, I'm the biggest damn
liar in the whole United States.' (Laughter.)
I won't bore you with my fishing stories because I could
reminisce with you all day long on this subject. It's a pleasure to
be here because, for 71 years now, the American Farm Bureau has
helped American farmers -- over three million member families -- to
become the best in the world. And farming is a proud and noble part
of our history. In fact, Thomas Jefferson himself wrote that
"Agriculture is the most useful of the occupations of man."
Today, nearly two centuries later, I'm here to give my
first major address of the new decade. And I'm proud to begin this
decade by talking to you about the future of farming in this country.
But as we look forward, it's also important to reflect upon the past
and what farmers have gone through, both good and bad.
You -- America's farmers - deserve the credit for the
rebound in U.S. farming. And I salute you again. I salute the board
of directors up here -- all farmers - who are leading this
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outstanding organisation. You've been through the worst droughts and
national disasters of the 1980s, and you've survived tough economic
times. But you've worked with your minds and your hands to beat
adversity with a kind of can-do commitment that's been the hallmark
of American farming for generations.
Right here in Florida we're seeing some of that can-do
attitude as you face -- Florida farmers -- as you face the terrible
loss of the citrus and winter vegetable crop. On the way down on Air
Force One, Bob Martinez gave me the details of Florida's losses. But
let me tell you -- I'm sure you've heard this from Clayton - you
will not be facing this alone. Clayton and I have talked, and I've
asked the Secretary to personally oversee our efforts to provide
assistance and I know you can count on the USDA to be in there
fighting with you. (Applause.)
It was a little over four years ago -- seens like just
yesterday -- but a little over four years ago that the 1985 Farm Bill
became law. Admittedly, the cost has been high, but it has worked.
Since then, the news has been good. Surpluses have declined
dramatically, and most of our good land has been brought back into
production. Net farm income reached a record level last year, and
the share of income that came from market sales continued to grow.
The farm credit situation has greatly improved, bringing more
financial stability to rural America.
As we face the future, the outlook is even better.
Through sound fiscal policies and wise management of our resources,
common-sense attitudes -- and, God willing, good weather -- we can
succeed. Together, we will keep rural America strong and American
agriculture thriving in the 1990s. (Applause.)
But to do that -- and Dean Kleckner alluded to this in
his introductory remarks -- to do that, our first priority must be to
keep the American economy growing. That means fiscal and monetary
policies that make sense. Today, one of the best things we can do
for farmers is to keep the interest rates low, and that is exactly
what we intend to do. (Applause.)
This year, we will work with Congress on the 1990 Farm
Bill. Getting a good farm bill through Congress is like milking a
bull. (Laughter.) But I can tell you that to be competitive, we
must have market-oriented farm policies that allow producers more
flexibility to decide what crops to grow -- (applause) -- and that
because American farmers then can do what Americans do best: compete.
At the same time, we've got to maintain a safety net to
protect farmers from conditions beyond their control. But
market-oriented farm policies are only a part of the agricultural
picture. It is absolutely essential that we expand markets and
enhance productivity. We've got to assure the public that America's
food is safest in the world, and we've got to protect our precious
environment.
America's farmers -- I know this -- America's farmers
understand the importance of a clean environment. Many of you here
today CORE from farms that have been handed down from parents and
grandparents. You know that to protect the land is to protect not
just your livelihood, but your heritage.
We must recognise that productive agriculture and a sound
environment can be compatible -- especially in terms of water
quality. The administration has initiated a concentrated five-year
effort to work with the nation's farmers to protect our groundwater
from contamination by fertilizers and pesticides. We'll spend close
to a third of a billion dollars on research and support for farmers
to stop contamination of our land and water. We must keep your good
land in business -- without unreasonable burdens -- but we must also
keep it good land. I am counting on your leadership as we work to
expand farm productivity while safeguarding our precious environment.
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- 3 -
We must also make sure that all Americans are confident
to develop legislation to protect the food supply without
in the safety of our food supply. My administration is working hard
overwhelming the agricultural industry.
But in the coming decade, the American farmer must have a
level playing field in the international trade arena, too. And the
way to fight trade barriers is through negotiation, not reciprocal
protectionism. I know that many Farm Bureau leaders serve on the
Agricultural Trade Policy Advisory Committee, and how important this
issue is to you. Our administration has just made a bold proposal in
the Uruguay round that would phase out export subsidies in five years
and other trade-distorting practices in 10 years. But any agreement
we sign -- and I can guarantee you this -- any agreement that we sign
will be an agreement that is also good for American agriculture. You
see, our goal is simple: open markets and free trade. (Applause.)
And it's beginning to work. International markets are
improving. The value of U.S. agricultural exports has increased for
the third year in a row. And sales to developing nations -- the
dynamic markets of the future -- were up 13 percent last year.
We also support expanding our ties with Eastern Europe
and the Soviet Union to open even more markets. Earlier this winter,
Secretary Clayton Yeutter led a presidential delegation to Poland to
determine how American know-how can help Poland shift from that
controlled economy to a market economy. It was a wonderful mission,
and we're forging new partnerships between our agricultural
industries and Eastern Europe's emerging economies. But in today's
global economy, America must also become more competitive through
increased production, new uses for our products, and expanded markets
at home. And so this administration supports greater research into
biotechnology for improved productivity and we're encouraging
alternative uses of farm products like ethanol and other new fuels
and fuel additives.
Just a few months ago, we proposed the expansion of the
producer tax credit for alternative fuels to include ETBE. This will
mean more markets for growers and cleaner air for all Americans.
But for us to reap the full benefits of a competitive
economy we must cut the capital gains tax rate. (Applause.) With
our capital gains tax proposal, we can help keep American agriculture
dynamic and prosperous. And with continued economic growth, we can
keep rural America going strong. Passage of our capital gains
proposal, which would apply to the sale of farmland, will be one of
my top priorities in this legislative year. Your support has been
instrumental in the fight for the capital gains cut. And the fight
isn't over yet. And I am sick and tired of the demagogues who call
this a tax cut for the rich. It means jobs, it means savings, and it
is good for all Americans. (Applause.)
And so the Farm Bill, our international trade
negotiations, and a capital gains tax cut will be high on my agenda
for this great nation. Because what's good for agriculture is good
for America. (Applause.)
Let me talk just a little about some of the challenge
facing all America. Like people everywhere in this great country,
you work hard, you sacrifice to make good lives for yourselves and
your children. Every one of us dreams of excellence in education,
economic opportunity for all citizens, and a clean and healthy
environment and safe, drug-free streets, schools, and workplaces.
Together we are working to build a better America.
But much remains to be done, and you're in the forefront.
Rural America cares about education. You know, some say improving
our schools is something for federal money and Washington bureaucrats
to handle. And I know you don't believe that. Whether it's a
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classroom on a rolling prairie in Nebraska or a busy New York street,
improving education is a national challenge.
Last September, I met with the nation's governors at the
education summit in Virginia to begin promoting educational
restructuring in every state and determining national goals to attain
excellence. The administration has sent the Educational Excellence
Act to the Congress, and we want, and America needs, action on it
soon. (Applause.)
Rural America is also battling the ravages of violence
and drugs. Every citizen has the right to a safe home, the right to
freedom from fear. Early in my administration, we sent the
comprehensive Violent Crime Control Act to the Congress. We proposed
measures to improve enforcement and prosecution, and strenghen
current laws to put the drug dealers behind bars and keep them there.
This critical crime legislation has been sitting on Capitol Hill for
months. Brave citizens everywhere are standing up to crime. And
it's a time for Congress to act quickly and responsibly because the
war on drugs and crime will not wait. (Applause.) And I might say
parenthetically, thank God we've got Bill McCollum in a key role in
the House and Connie Mack -- Senator. I again want to mention that
the support that we are getting for them and others like them for
this approach I've outlined.
Let me just add a little more on our relationship with
Capitol Hill. When I took office -- Inaugural Address -- I put my
hand out to the Congress, to the Democractic majority, and reminded
us all that the American people did not send us to Washington to
bicker. As I've said, we sent proposals to Congress on clean air,
combating crime, capital gains. Responsible proposals. Carefully
thought-out. Based on principles. Finally, rural America -- let me
just finish. Now a year has passed. A new year has become. And
it's time -- it is past time -- for Congress to tend to some of the
unfinished business.
Let me say to Congress as it comes back in a couple of
weeks now: The hand of cooperation is once again extended. And I
would only add -- America wants it done right. America wants it done
responsibly. And America wants it done now. (Applause.)
We are always willing to listen to ideas and
alternatives. But we are not willing to compromise on fundamental
principles.
Finally, rural America does believe in liberty and
democracy. Freedom-loving people everywhere are following the news
reports from behind what used to be called the Iron Curtain. In
fact, I read that the first thing to sell out in West Berlin on the
day the Wall came down wasn't TVs or denim jeans. It was fresh
fruit. In Romania, citizens knew freedom had arrived because, for
the first time in many years, they saw food on the grocery store
shelves. We reap what we sow, says the Bible, and what a bountiful
harvest we are witnessing. It is a harvest of joy and opportunity
that we will continue to support and encourage every step of the way.
And let me add -- this harvest is not just happening in
Eastern Europe. Let's help the countries to our south so that this
hemisphere will be the first totally democratic hemisphere in the
entire world. (Applause.)
I know I don't have to tell you this, but let me just
tell you from the bottom of a grateful heart that I am mighty proud
of our courageous fighting men who have helped Panama. And the joy
shown by the people of Panama says it all right there in the streets
of Panama City. (Applause.) And so as I conclude my comments to the
Farm Bureau, I can tell you I am optimistic about the coming decade,
for I believe in the wisdom of our policies, I believe in the
providence of the Almighty; and most importantly, I believe in the
tough resiliency and the moral strength of the American people.
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5 -
Throughout our history, farmers -- many in this room -- have
weathered disaster. And each time, like steel forged in a white-hot
furnace, you are stronger with each testing by fire.
In the "Dirty "30s" swirling clouds of dust ruined
hundreds of farmsteads on the Great Plains. Many of the Dust Bowl
farmers stayed on the land, and today, their descendants have
invented conservation techniques to catch and preserve the winter
snows and the spring rains to carry their crops through the hot
plains summer. A triumph of human courage and ingenuity. In the
1970s, an unheard-of disease, the Southern Corn Leaf Blight, swept
through the fields of the Midwest. In a few days, the tall, green,
tasseled corn was devastated as if someone had taken a blowtorch to
it. Over that winter, scientists and farmers developed resistant
corn varieties in time for the next spring planting. A national food
disaster was stopped dead in its tracks. A triumph of faith, science
and inventiveness.
And today, at the daybreak of the new decade, I want
rural America to share in the promise and prosperity of our great
nation. And in the months and years to come, as we approach the
horizon of the new century, may we all share in the opportunity and
optimism of a world at peace.
Thank you and God bless the United States of America.
Thank you very, very much. (Applause.)
END
11:11 A.M. EST
Nebraska's Unicameral
Fifty Years Without
a Conference Committee
Nebraska embarked on a legislative experiment in
1937 that has become a tradition there after half a
century, but so far no other state has copied it.
By Pat Wunnicke
T
imes were tough in Nebraska in
1934, drought and Depression
taking their toll, the Legislature
doing nothing effective about either.
An appealing aspect of one proposal
for the November ballot was the
promise that a new one-house legisla-
ture would be cheaper to operate than
two, and might be more effective.
Photos: Nebraska State Historical Society
The idea of a unicameral legislature,
like the idea of non-partisanship and
citizen initiative, grew out of the
Progressive movement at the turn of
the century, and had been kicking
around in Nebraska as well as other
states in the Midwest and northern
plains for a good many years. In fact,
the proposal had been defeated by only
one vote in the Nebraska constitu-
tional convention of 1920, after being
repeatedly quashed early in the cen-
tury by legislators perhaps understand-
ably reluctant to sacrifice their own
seats.
But now the proposal had the back-
U.S. Senator George Norris spent the summer of 1934 traveling Nebraska, expounding
on the evils of the bicameral system and extolling the virtues of unicameralism.
ing of beloved George Norris, long-
time U.S. senator and Nebraska hero.
ing the virtues of unicameralism and
legislature prevailed throughout the
First elected to the U.S. House of
pleading with the voters to support it.
United States. (Among the territories,
Representatives in 1902, Norris spent
A one-house legislative body was
Guam and the Virgin Islands use the
40 illustrious years in the Congress
not unheard of. It had been adopted,
unicameral system.)
before he died at 83. The summer and
in various guises, by almost all cities
But years of legislative experience
fall of 1934, however, he spent travel-
and counties, and in modified form
had convinced Norris that the confer-
ing the dusty back roads of Nebraska
was (and still is) a feature of Canadian
ence committee, inevitable with two
-"wore out two sets of tires and two
provincial governments. During
bodies, was an unmitigated evil, dis-
windshields," recalled his widow three
Revolutionary times, Georgia, Penn-
torting or even thwarting legislation
decades later-speaking at every op-
sylvania and Vermont experimented
that had been approved by a majority.
portunity on the evils of the bicameral
with a type of unicameralism, but
In addition, he disapprovingly traced
system ("illogical and clumsy"), extoll-
abandoned it early, Georgia and Penn-
the two-house method of organization
sylvania before the turn of the 19th
back to the English class system that
Pat Wunnicke is assistant editor of State Legis-
century, and Vermont in 1836. For a
produced the House of Commons and
latures.
century thereafter, the two-house state
the House of Lords. He said,
"
in
California Assembly, called unicamer-
drawback often is the one which frus-
alism "the wave of the future," asking
trated the original unicameral propo-
rhetorically, "Does any corporation
nents in Nebraska: The legislature itself
have two boards of directors?" He
is the prescribed starting place for con-
called the two-house system "a costly
stitutional amendments; however,
and inefficient anachronism" and said,
legislators are disinclined to approve
"I do not believe that increased salar-
proposals which would alter substan-
ies, new facilities and professional staff
tially the body in which they serve."
will be more than temporary pallia-
Norris and his cohorts in 1934 used
tives for the ills that it is hoped they
that powerful new tool, the initiative,
will cure. These reforms in themselves
which had been adopted by Nebraska
only make a more efficient horse and
22 years before. He and John P. Sen-
buggy. I take little comfort from the
ning, professor of political science at
fact that legislatures can be the fastest
the University of Nebraska, drafted the
horse and buggy in the jet age."
language of the initiative that was to
Unruh's disciples have kept the dis-
amend the state constitution that fall.
cussion going in California, but it has
It would save time, talk and money,
yet to make its way to the ballot box.
they said. (It did save money. The cost
In recent years, several other states
of the first unicameral session in 1937
have looked at the unicameral option
was about half that of the last bicam-
with more than curiosity: Hawaii and
eral in 1935.)
Mississippi have considered it in con-
The battle might have been easier if
stitutional conventions, and petition
Norris had not insisted that the mem-
efforts were made but failed to gain
bers of the new body be nominated
enough signatures in Michigan and
and elected on a non-partisan ticket.
this country we have no such classes
Montana. Alaska voters, invited by
That feature earned the proposal the
and the constitutions of our various
the Legislature in 1976 to cast an
enthusiastic opposition of both politi-
states are built upon the idea that there
"advisory vote" on whether an amend-
cal parties and most of the state's
is but one class. If this be true, there
ment to the state constitution should
newspapers. Even among ardent sup-
is no sense or reason in having the
be offered future voters, obliged with
porters of the unicameral idea, feelings
same thing done twice, especially if it
58,782 yeas and 55,204 nays, but the
were, and still are, mixed about the
is to be done by two bodies of men
following years' sessions ignored the
question of allowing partisan represen-
elected in the same way and having the
advice.
tation. Nevertheless, nearly twice the
same jurisdiction."
Minnesota Speaker David Jennings
needed number of voter signatures
Norris was ahead of his time. His
proposed a unicameral setup in 1985
were collected that summer, and with
comments were on firmer ground 30
as a way of dealing with conference-
the issue on the ballot, the proposal
years later, after the reapportionment
committee problems, but the Minne-
was handily approved in November of
decisions did ensure that both bodies
sota Citizens League disagreed. Its
1934 by a vote of 286,086 to 193,152.
of a legislature were "elected in the
report, "Power to the Process," pub-
same way and (have) the same juris-
lished in September 1985, found "no
S
enator Jerome Warner, who has
diction."
compelling evidence that the unicamer-
served in the Nebraska "Unicam"
The question of one house or two
al structure is superior to the two-
for 25 years, as speaker and most
and the merits of each had been dis-
house model." The report, while
recently as chair of the Appropriations
cussed at length 150 years before.
admitting that the two-house arrange-
Committee, says that "non-partisan-
Madison wrote worriedly (in The Fed-
ment requires additional work and
eralist, #38) of the Confederation's
extra staff, suggests that it brings the
"Congress, a single body of men
advantages of different ideas and
the sole depositary of all the federal
policy approaches to the policymaking
powers." Salvaging the Constitutional
process, and introduces "a major check
Convention in 1787, the Great Com-
into the legislative process."
promise setting up a two-house legis-
However, a report in the University
lature put to rest the fears of the
of Minnesota's Humphrey Institute
delegates from the smaller states that
Future of the State Legislature series,
their interests would be overlooked by
published in March 1986, takes a more
a national legislature dominated by
positive view of the unicameral option,
representatives from the large states.
although it stops short of explicitly
advocating the change.
A
Ithough low on the list of
Robert Sittig, professor of political
national priorities, unicamer-
science at the University of Nebraska
alism is still being debated. At
(Lincoln), and author of The Nebras-
an Eagleton Institute of Politics confer-
ka Unicameral After Fifty Years, be-
ence for state legislators in the 1960s,
lieves that only in the 14 states with the
the late Jess Unruh, fabled California
initiative has the system much of a
Norris, stumping for a unicameral legis-
politician and sometime speaker of the
chance. He points out that "the greatest
lature, thought two houses 'illogical.'
State Legislatures
October 1987 Page 21
ture. It was whether you were north
How the Nebraska
or south of the Platte [River]."
Commenting on the fateful 1934
Unicameral Works
election, Warner notes that there were
two other proposals on the ballot with
Nebraska's thinkers have managed
the initiative, one to allow pari-mutuel
to prevent the kind of hasty legisla-
horse racing and another to repeal Pro-
tive action that the two-house ar-
hibition. "The advertising was to vote
rangement was said to avert, by
yes on all three," says Warner, "and
bringing the public into the process
there are those who think that may
at every stage. A nine-member "refer-
have been a factor."
ence committee" refers all bills either
But it may have been simply the
to a standing committee or directly to
force of George Norris' personality
the general file; and the reference
that got the thing passed 3-2 in the face
committee sets all bills for hearings.
of powerful opposition. Bob Sittig
Every bill must receive a public hear-
thinks so. "It was George Norris. He
ing, preceded by at least five days'
deserves nearly all the credit for push-
published notice of date, time, place
ing it over the top, after people had
and subject. After the hearing, when
been working on it for 20 years." After
the standing committee goes into
it passed, Norris went back to
executive session, media representa-
Washington and Professor Senning,
tives must be allowed to attend and
soon to be officially named consultant
report on the proceedings.
to the Legislature on the unicameral,
Introductions are limited to the first
20 days of the session. A minimum
The beloved senator used his influence
began drawing redistricting maps. The
to persuade thousands of voters.
last bicameral legislature in 1935
of seven days must elapse from intro-
looked over, and quarreled over, near-
duction to final enactment of any
ship wasn't all that strange" to
ly three dozen different maps before
measure. Assuming committee ap-
Nebraskans, who had a long history of
finally passing one on the last night of
proval, three floor votes are necessary
support for the idea. A Non-Partisan
the session.
for passage. The constitution requires
League was active in the state at the
The amendment called for between
that at least one legislative day pass
turn of the century, and a number of
30 and 50 members, to be designated
between correct engrossment and a
offices at the local level were stripped
senators; the 1935 session settled on 43;
final vote.
of party labels. Historically, says
there are now 49. And it provided that
About a dozen committees deal
Warner, as in many other states there
"the aggregate salaries of all the mem-
with the 600 or 700 bills introduced
was "a far stronger geographic division
bers shall be $37,500 per annum,
or carried over in each annual session:
in alignments than partisan division,
divided equally among the mem-
Each member typically serves on two
even when it was a two-house legisla-
bers
Considering that sessions
committees, with a few on three and
Appropriations members on no
other. Committee membership is
structured by four geographic
regions, with each region entitled to
two seats per committee. The lieu-
tenant governor presides.
On final reading and passage, all
bills are read through in full by the
clerk, with senators required to be
present and seated.
For what it's worth, a look at
Nebraska's proportion of enactments
to introductions during the 1985 ses-
sion compared to a half dozen other
part-time legislatures show that
Nebraska is on the low end of a range
of numbers of introductions (728
compared with numbers commonly
above 1,000) and also in the low
range of percentage enacted (34 per-
cent compared with ranges from 37
to 59 percent).
Members' terms are four years,
staggered so that about half are elect-
ed every other year.
Senator Norris and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a campaign stop, 1936.
Page 22 October 1987
State Legislatures
critical of, it is the rather ill-defined
areas of authority that result from non-
partisanship. Power seems to drift
toward the speaker, and though there
has been some strengthening of the
standing committees, basically it's a
fairly unstructured, collegial sort of
operation." Collegial wasn't what
Nebraska Governor Roy Cochran
called it more than 40 years ago. He
said, "There is no formal leadership.
It's just like a Mexican army, all
generals."
"The lobbyists like it," said Sittig,
"and that makes me a little uneasy."
He went on to say that the Unicam, as
it has come to be called, gets good
media coverage, and since fully a third
to a half of the first half of the session
is devoted to open committee hearings,
any citizen who's interested can par-
ticipate.
Although there are rural-urban and
geographic splits without partisanship,
"there's a lot less acrimony and ani-
mosity," says Dick Hargesheimer,
director of the Nebraska Legislative
Research Division. "With only 49
members, they get to know each other
pretty well." He contends that
Norris and his friend, University
although lobbyists have fewer people
of Nebraska Professor John P.
Senning (above), together
to deal with, without formal political
drafted the language of the
caucuses and with fluid coalitions that
unicameral initiative. Later,
change frequently, "it's harder for
Senning was named official
them to get a handle on it." Interest-
consultant to the Legislature on
ingly, Minnesota had a non-partisan
the unicameral. Left, Norris at
bicameral legislature up through the
home in McCook after 1944.
late 1960s, but that is another story.
Non-partisanship is only a feature of
were biennial, and lasted for only
the Nebraska system, not its essence.
about 100 days, that wasn't too bad a
Says one-time Wyoming treasurer
wage with bread at a dime a loaf.
Shirley Wittler, a Nebraska native and
The voters of Nebraska thought it
former president of the Lincoln League
was plenty for 23 years. In 1960 they
of Women Voters, "I grew up with the
finally approved a raise to $2,400 a
years, off and on, as a member. "We're
[one-house] system, so it didn't strike
year per member. Today it is $4,800
a political family," says the younger
me as unusual until I started looking
plus per diem, for annual sessions that
Warner, who adds that, although an
at [other states]. For the citizen, it's
run 90 days in odd-numbered years, 60
active Republican, he wouldn't change
much easier to track legislation, and
in the even numbered, unless extended
the Nebraska system. He said that the
the processes are methodical and
by a four-fifths vote of the members.
lack of party requirements leaves
unhurried. There are open sessions
Nebraska is one of the few states
members free to oppose or support
every morning, and committee hear-
whose constitution specifies a salary
both legislation and people for leader-
ings in the afternoon, with times and
amount for legislators.
ship positions, and he believes that
subjects published in advance."
Three-quarters of the members of
is an advantage, not a detriment. "Like
It has also been suggested that access
that first unicameral in 1937 were the
any other legislator," he confesses, "I
to a single chamber is easier for the
same partisans, now under a non-
suppose I like the system because I'm
unsophisticated lay person, while the
partisan banner, who had previously
used to it."
sophisticated find it impossible to play
served in the traditional legislature.
the kinds of games between the bod-
Jerome Warner's father, Charles J.
W
ho does lead in a non-
ies that is possible in the other 49
Warner, was the first speaker under
partisan body? With whom
states.
the new regime that began Jan. 5, 1937.
does a governor, or a lobby-
But if Nebraska's legislative system,
First elected to the statehouse in 1900,
ist, deal? Jerome Warner says it's a
now an established tradition there, is
the year after he graduated from the
"one-on-one" situation. Professor
the wave of the future for other states,
University of Nebraska, he spent 26
Sittig says, "If there's one thing I'm
it's a mighty slow-moving wave.
State Legislatures
October
1987
Page
23
Ref.
PN6081
C27
WH
The Harper Book of
AMERICAN
QUOTATIONS
Gorton Carruth and Eugene Ehrlich
A Hudson Group Book
1817
Harper & Row, Publishers, New York
Cambridge, Philadelphia, San Francisco
London, Mexico City, São Paulo, Singapore, Sydney
107. HISTORY
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, published in the United
history of a country as proclamations and provisos
States Magazine and Democratic Review,
and constitutional amendments.
ghts! was
October, 1842.
STEPHEN VINCENT BENÉT, quoted in Charles A.
ries, 1891.
feel the unutterable longing,
Fenton, Stephen Vincent Benét: The Life and
which
The hunger of the heart is mine;
Times of an American Man of Letters, 1958.
with
each and grope for hands in darkness,
6 Bismarck, when asked what was the most impor-
My ear grows sharp for voice or sign.
tant fact in modern history, replied: "The fact that
oting an
luct
of
Jas GREENLEAF WHITTIER, "To Lydia Maria
North America speaks English."
Life,
Chil,"
1870.
GURNEY BENHAM, Benham's Book of
is mouth,
Quotations, 1948.
S heart.
7 Historian, n. A broad-gauge gossip.
Richard's
107. HISTORY
AMBROSE BIERCE, The Devil's Dictionary, 1906.
no sign
See also EXPERIENCE; KNOWLEDGE
8 History, n. An account mostly false, of events
ng tresses.
mostly unimportant, which are brought about by
rulers mostly knaves, and soldiers mostly fools.
SR., "The
honest historian can take part with-or
Ibid.
the forces he has to study. To him even
rain carries
nationation of the human race should be merely
9 History is the torch that is meant to illuminate
hatever
be grouped with other vital statistics.
the past to guard us against the repetition of our
olor of its
Resay ADAMS, The Education of Henry Adams,
mistakes of other days. We cannot join in the re-
writing of history to make it conform to our com-
5, SR., The
fort and convenience.
0.
public history of all countries, and all ages,
CLAUDE G. BOWERS, in the introduction to F.
ing,
sort of mask, richly colored. The interior
Jay Taylor, The United States and the Spanish
e.
of the machinery must be foul.
Civil War, 1956.
GFELLOW,
QUINCY ADAMS, in a diary entry written
10 History selects its heroes and its villains, and
9, 1822.
few of us resist participation either at the parade or
e brain,
the loss of tradition we have lost the thread
at the guillotine.
attain.
safely guided us through the vast realms of
WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY, JR., The Jeweler's Eye,
but this thread was also the chain fettering
1968.
NGFELLOW,
9.
ascessive generation to a predetermined as-
the past. It could be that only now will the
11 The history of every country begins in the heart
nemory, like
up to us with unexpected freshness and
of a man or a woman.
things that no one as yet had ears to hear.
WILLA CATHER, 0 Pioneers! 1913.
d
into which
Newsan ARENDT, quoted in Carl J. Frederich,
12 The history of the earth! Doth it present any-
Names I, Authority, 1958.
thing but crimes of the most heinous nature, com-
ght.
- other stage are the scenes shifted with a
mitted from one end of the world to the other? We
)NGFELLOW,
so like magic as on the great stage of
observe avarice, rapine, and murder, equally pre-
when once the hour strikes.
vailing in all parts. History perpetually tells us of
millions of people abandoned to the caprice of the
Bellamy, Looking Backward:
stical
2000-1887, 1888.
maddest princes, and of whole nations devoted to
time began,
the blind fury of tyrants.
If one corner breathes
heart of all,
always seemed to me
that legends and
in peace for a few years, it is, in turn subjected,
an.
and folktales are as much a part of the real
torn, and leveled; one would almost believe the
PN6081
07/68/20
E63
WH
THE HOME BOOK
OF
AMERICAN
QUOTATIONS
SELECTED AND ARRANGED BY
BRUCE BOHLE
"
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY
NEW YORK
1967
180
GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
the little that is Good steadily hastening
8
toward immortality,
I believe every citizen should support the
And the vast all that is call'd Evil I saw
government when final action is taken,
hastening to merge itself and become
whether he approves of the action or not.
lost and dead.
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN. (New York
WALT WHITMAN, Roaming in Thought.
Times, 2 June, 1898)
9
1
His daily prayer, far better understood
While the people should patriotically and
In acts than words, was simply doing good.
cheerfully support their Government its
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, Daniel Neall.
functions do not include the support of the
2
people.
The evil cannot brook delay,
GROVER CLEVELAND, Message upon vetoing
The good can well afford to wait.
the Texas Seed Bill, 16 Feb., 1887.
Give ermined knaves their hour of crime;
10
Ye have the future grand and great,
The principal business of government is to
The safe appeal of Truth to time!
further and promote human strivings.
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, For Right-
WILBUR L. CROSS. (New York Times, 29
eousness' Sake.
Mar., 1931)
3
11
There are two kinds of people on earth to-
Of all the tasks of government, the most
day,
basic is to protect its citizens against vio-
Just two kinds of people, no more, I say.
lence.
Not the good and the bad, for 'tis well un-
JOHN FOSTER DULLES, Speech at the Asso-
derstood
ciated Press annual luncheon, 22 Apr.,
That the good are half bad and the bad are
1957.
half good.
12
No! the two kinds of people on earth I
We Republicans believe in limited govern-
mean
ment, but also in effective and humane gov-
Are the people who lift and the people who
ernment. We believe in keeping government
lean.
as close to the people as possible-in letting
ELLA WHEELER WILCOX, Lifting and Lean-
each citizen do for himself what he can do
ing.
for himself, then making any call for govern-
ment assistance first on the local govern-
GOSSIP, see Scandal
ment, then on the state government, and
GOVERNMENT
only in the final resort on the Federal Gov-
ernment. But we do not shrink from a recog-
See also Constitution, Democracy,
nition that there are national problems that
Politics
4
require national solutions. When they arise,
A government of laws and not of men.
we act.
JOHN ADAMS, Constitution of Massachu-
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, Article written
setts: Declaration of Rights, Art. 30
for the New York Herald Tribune, 25
(1780). See American Bar Association
May, 1964.
Journal, Dec., 1929, p. 747.
13
5
Our best protection against bigger govern-
The essence of a free government consists in
ment in Washington is better government in
an effectual control of rivalries.
the states.
JOHN ADAMS, Discourses on Davila.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, Address before
6
National Governors' Conference, Cleve-
You talk about capitalism and communism
land, 8 June, 1964.
and all that sort of thing, but the important
14
thing is the struggle everybody is engaged in
An institution is the lengthened shadow of
to get better living conditions, and they are
one man.
not interested too much in the form of gov-
EMERSON, Essays, First Series: Self-Reli-
ernment.
ance.
BERNARD BARUCH, Press Conference in
15
New York City, 18 Aug., 1964, on the
No institution will be better than the institu-
eve of his 94th birthday.
tor.
7
EMERSON, Essays, Second Series: Charac-
Law represents the effort of men to organize
ter.
society; government, the efforts of selfish-
16
ness to overthrow liberty.
If you would rule the world quietly, you
HENRY WARD BEECHER, Proverbs from
must keep it amused.
Plymouth Pulpit.
EMERSON, Essays, Second Series: New
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET
NUMBER OF PAGES INCLUDING COVER 7
DATE 2/2/90
TO
Bill LAcy
FAX NUMBER
OFFICE NUMBER
COMMENTS
FROM Stuphonie Blussey
FAX NUMBER
OFFICE NUMBER 456-7730
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
X. 7730 x-6510 2/08/90 andy Foster
500 contributors
- mayor of Omaha P.J. Morgan (R)
elected last
year
- former Congressman
Hal Dant
(Senate candidate
against Jim Exon)
- Congressmen Doug Berenter
- Congresswoman Virginia Smith
10 minutes
1/31/90
Kry Orr
(402) 471-2244 psst. Notalie Pietz
(Dona)
Bill seet Ann
(402) 437 - 4305
insurance Woodman Accident d Lifer
his. rennion
get 500
pulling into filling station to
Warley & I were chams
Planning toget married
back wh those kids It'd be
Ha'd be work living in the
monsion w/me.
No, he'd be living in the Gords
Cash D check
Dru you the wite of the Gov.
Dre you Mr. Koy Orr
2
Final R2 dinner
Sat @ toble w/ R2 of Thotcher
Oral Hircheiour do
And what The you
Baseball pitcher
East Room
Sected next to hore Ho 1/0-as
Sequence dress - L.4.
<
net dress - K.O.
Adm. Crowe offered pocket knote.
Same knite to cut military budget
Koy Orr supports Notblie death penolty
Orr's Office
(402) 471 - 2244
2/1/90
51
Andy Foster
x 6150
breakfast?
controversy? property tox system was
antiquated - when reformed raised income taxes
Unicameral ossured her wouldn't screw up taxes
She's agoinst new taxes.
TALKING POINTS FOR PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS
Basic Theme: Kay Orr's leadership gets results for Nebraska.
1. When President Reagan and I went to Washington in 1981,
we had a mission: turn America around, bring her back.
I'm proud to say we succeeded by working hard and
confronting the tough problems.
In Nebraska, Kay Orr has accomplished the same thing.
When she took office Nebraska's economy was suffering;
jobs were tough to find.
Nebraska's educational system was in need of repair.
But Kay Orr's leadership has turned it around, working
to solve these problems and many more.
2. I've seen Kay Orr's leadership first hand. She served
as Co-chairman of the '88 Platform Committee, drafting
the very platform upon which our party stood in the 1988
campaign. As our first woman Republican Governor, her
reelection is a very high priority to me. It's no
coincidence that Kay is one of the very first Republican
Governors for whom I have done an event.
3. Governor Orr is a hard worker who has faced tough
problems head on. She hasn't been afraid of taking
courageous stands on a variety of issues important to
Nebraska. Nebraskans can be proud of Kay Orr's
accomplishments, strength and commitment to do what's
right.
4. Kay Orr has gotten results for Nebraska through better
economic opportunity for her citizens:
23,000 new jobs have been created lowering Nebraska's
unemployment rate to 2.7%, the lowest in Nebraska
since 1978 and the lowest of any state west of the
Mississippi.
nearly $2 1/2 billion in new business investments.
personal income has increased about 6 1/2% per year.
tourism is up by nearly a third.
O net farm income has nearly tripled.
2
5. Governor Orr has helped to preserve Nebraska's unique
quality of life:
o
Governor Orr has dramatically increased funding for
education, making a greater commitment from
kindergarten through the college level.
o She's enacted tough mandatory sentences for drug
dealers and set up a coordinated anti-drug program
tying together. state and local law enforcement agencies
O She's fought for a better environment and received
the Nebraska Chapter of the National Wildlife
Federation's "Conservationist of the Year" award of
1989.
6. But Governor Orr's hard work never ends. Just about a
month ago, in her State of the State address, she
proposed some tough new policies we can all applaud:
O tougher laws for seizing drug dealer's assets, drug
free school zones, increased penalties for drug use.
o more law enforcement officials to arrest those who
break our drug laws.
D increased funding for prisons so those who break the
law must pay the price.
7. In Kay Orr, Nebraska has a Governor you can count on.
She hasn't been afraid of the tough problems, and more
than once she's taken a stand that was good for
Nebraska, but not for her politically. I can't imagine
Nebraska citizens not wanting "Four more for Orr". Keep
Kay Orr on the job, so she can finish the job she has
begun so well.
STATE OF THE STATE ADDRESS
January 8, 1990
Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen of the
Legislature, friends, and my fellow citizens:
It's indeed a pleasure to join you as we enter the 1990s
and stand at the gateway to the 21st century. We live in an
exceptional time. Dramatic changes swirl about us. Expecta-
tions long suppressed are given new expression. The image is
fresh in our minds of the young people of Berlin, tearing down
the wall, an act symbolic of a desire for a better life...a
richer political, economic, and cultural life. Those changes
are happening all over East Central Europe and the Soviet Union.
It's appropriate to recall that many of those who came to
Nebraska had origins in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Germany, Russia,
the Baltic countries and so many other nations. They came to
Nebraska seeking a better life. They continue to come, receiving
a better life.
But let us acknowledge and rededicate ourselves to the fact
that the better life requires constant effort from one genera-
tion to another. As elected leaders of this state we bear much
of the responsibility for making the decisions that ensure that
better life.
In this first year of the last decade of the 20th century
we are positioned to take measured strides toward the future.
So it is that I look forward to the nineties with enthusiasm and
optimism
convinced we can continue the momentum of recent
years.
A moments reflection will reveal the landmarks of our
progress. Recall 1987.
--Nebraska unemployment had climbed to 5.5 percent.
Today it is 2.9 percent, the lowest rate of any state
west of the Mississippi.
- -Manufacturing employment was down dramatically.
Today Nebraska's growth in manufacturing employment is
one of the strongest in the nation.
- Job creation slowed to a virtual standstill.
Today 23,000 new jobs are on the drawing board. Approxi-
mately 15,000 jobs are already filled by Nebraskans.
(2)
--State finances were buffeted constantly like a kite in a
gusty wind.
Today state finances have been stabilized while dozens
of other states are in serious financial trouble.
--Until recently advanced research and product development
at the University were not competitive.
Today a bold initiative for advanced research at the
University of Nebraska promotes economic opportunities
for our citizens.
--Not long ago the morale of our teachers and professors
was at a low ebb.
Today salaries have been increased, and renewed
financial commitments enhance education at all levels.
The turn-around in Nebraska's economy has been noticed! A
couple of months ago, the Christian Science Monitor reported
that "New economic development incentives approved in 1987 have
polished Nebraska's national image."
These achievements evidence the strength and character of
this state. The principles and ideals which bind us are far
greater than the differences which divide us. We are committed
to the pursuit of excellence in our educational system, and we
place a high value on the unsurpassed quality of life that we
enjoy.
Just a few years ago the collective vision of our citizens
was blurred by conditions of economic stress. It was essential
that self-confidence be restored and that renewed economic vigor
be returned to the main streets of our communities. It was a
time to build, and we did it!
Effective partnerships between government and the private
sector were created. Individual initiative and hard work made
those partnerships work. Those partnerships brushed away the
clouds of misfortune and uncertainty, and set us back on course
toward the realization of our hopes for the future.
One of my major responsibilities as Governor is to listen
to listen to the "whisper of the prairie," which, I must admit,
sometimes sounds more like a roar. Through the Capital for a
Day and most recently, the GREAT Town program, I have criss-
crossed this state, listening to Nebraskans from our smallest
towns and villages to our largest cities. Several communities
hosted a Governor for the first time.
(3)
Both of these programs have given me a far greater understanding
of the hopes and dreams, as well as the problems and frustrations
of the people of Nebraska. There is personal reward in visiting
these towns. It gives me strength of purpose to study the faces
of children in their classrooms, to learn from the wisdom of our
elders, whose experiences are the foundations upon which we
build the future. It's in these communities where so much of
the true spirit and real strength of our people lie.
Bess Streeter Aldrich once explained her affection for her
village of Elmwood with these words: "I have experienced a
thousand times the warm-hearted hospitality, loyal friendships
and deep sympathy of the small town."
And, happily so have I.
Nebraska small towns and their metropolitan counterparts
form the fabric we call "community." Together those communities
form the tapestry we call "Nebraska."
With all that as background, let us turn our attention to
the matter at hand- Where do we go from here to attain the
better life for all Nebraskans?
The proposals offered to you today will provide Nebraskans
the opportunity to sustain and build on our progress, strengthen
our people, and enrich our society as we prepare for the 21st
century.
FIRST
I believe that the fundamental responsibility of government
is to protect its citizens and provide for their well-being and
safety. To achieve that end I am proposing strong legislation
that will help eradicate the problem of illegal drugs in our
society.
--We must take away the profits
--protect our children in our neighborhoods and schools,
and
--remove users from our streets.
--We must strengthen enforcement and prosecution and
--provide for expanded incarceration, treatment, and
counseling. -We must continue to educate both young and old about
this deadly scourge.
(4)
I want to make it crystal clear. Nebraska intends to rid
itself of this evil which is corrupting our youth and spawning
crime in our streets. There must be more state drug enforcement
officers on the front lines, backed up by tougher laws to take
the glamour out of using and the profit out of selling.
I am recommending new appropriations to enhance enforcement,
through the addition of 15 drug enforcement officers, 10 drug
abuse resistance education officers, and the full reinstatement
of paid overtime for the State Patrol.
Under the leadership of Colonel Harold LeGrande, Nebraska
law enforcement from our local police and county sheriffs, to
state and federal investigators, are working together, making
significant strikes against illegal narcotics activity. These
are dedicated women and men, committed to protecting Nebraska
families.
I am working with Senator Conway to further develop his
proposal to impose an immediate assessment on the street value
of drugs found at the time of arrest. Property cars,
houses,
bank accounts
would be subject to seizure to satisfy the
judgment.
Collection of this drug money should be used to help
educate Nebraskans on the evils of drug abuse to provide for
drug treatment programs, and to fund enforcement programs.
In that connection, I urge the legislature to act promptly
on Senator Chizek's LB 205, which will strengthen our state
seizure and forfeiture laws and conform Nebraska law to the
federal anti-drug statutes.
I endorse Senator Pirsch's bill to create Drug-Free School
Zones across the state. This proposal follows the same lines as
Mayor P.J. Morgan's successful efforts in Omaha.
I am working with Senator Lowell Johnson to deter drug
dealers from involving minors in their illegal enterprise by
making it a separate felony to hire minors as part of an illegal
drug operation.
I support Senator Langford's proposal to suspend the
driver's licenses of those convicted of drug-related offenses.
To combat the "laundering of money from illegal drug deals, I am
proposing a statute that will require financial institutions to
report large cash transactions.
(5)
Our prosecution forces will be strengthened by doubling the
Drug Prosecution Unit in the Attorney General's office.
Today our prison capacity is at 144 percent, 5th highest in
the nation. Our new drug efforts will increase that percentage
unless more prison space is provided. Thanks to the efforts of
Senator Hannibal and his committee on Prison Overcrowding, we
now have a coherent and logical basis for addressing the growing
needs of the state's corrections system. Accordingly, funding
for the Mition of 430 beds to the adult facilities will be
recommended. We have no choice.
If these prisoners are to have any chance of rehabilitation,
they must have treatment and counseling; therefore, six mental
health counselors should be reinstated in the Department of
Corrections and a portion of the federal block grant reserved for
law enforcement should be used to triple the current chemical
dependency grant for both adults and juveniles in state custody.
Drug abuse is a plague threatening every single family. It
is being fought in communities across the state and led by
committed Nebraskans like Tom Barlow, Joe Edmunsen, Willa Kirts,
Carl Washington, Paul and Kandy Hofmeister, Creola Woodall,
Pastor William Barlow, Parents in Action, the Mad Dads, Malone
Community Center, and the Drug Free Youth Network at Scottsbluff
High School. Nebraskans expect our total commitment to this
war. That commitment is reinforced today.
SECOND
We must continue to encourage business expansion and bring
new job opportunities to Nebraska. As I've traveled and listened
to the people and been involved in their plans for the future, I
have been impressed by the independence, determination, and
optimism that motivates Nebraskans to improve the quality of life
in their communities.
In order to continue the revitalization of rural Nebraska
increased resources must be available to the people who live and
work in our rural communities. I have asked the Department of
Economic Development to make changes in the Community Development
Block Grant program to provide more flexibility to meet the
various needs of our smaller communities.
(6)
Additional business assistance will be available through
expansion of the direct loan and loan guarantee provisions, and
funds will be available for retail business development in
communities with populations of 25-hundred or less.
THIRD
Throughout our history, agriculture has been the foundation
of Nebraska's economy. We are Number One in Agriculture, and
prospects for the future are bright. Just last week Nebraska
moved into first place as the leading cattle feeding state in
the nation. Of the $2.4 billion that will be invested under the
economic development initiatives, approximately $540 million
will be devoted to the processing of agricultural products.
That's good news. The rest of the story is that 1989 was a
difficult year for Nebraska agriculture. Eighty-seven of 93
counties qualified for federal disaster relief.
The Drought Assessment Response Team, activated last April,
will continue to stay abreast of drought conditions gripping our
state. Until our prayers for replenishing snows and rains are
answered, the drought situation will be monitored closely; and
we will be prepared to act on behalf of our farmers, feeders,
and ranchers.
This Fall, the people of Nebraska will
once again
have
the opportunity to determine how agriculture real estate should
be valued. I believe that ag-land should be fairly valued on
its ability to produce.
FOURTH
Modern technology gives us the opportunity to link our
state together to provide exciting new education opportunities
to students and teachers in communities across the breadth of
this state.
I will recommend substantial funding for Phase II of
NEBSAT, the Nebraska telecommunications delivery system for
education. The benefits of NEBSAT range from allowing students
in low-enrollment schools to receive instruction from teachers
in larger schools, to an MBA program to be offered at the
Panhandle Research and Extension Center in Scottsbluff.
(7)
In addition, funding will be sought to enhance the delivery
of nursing school programs to Scottsbluff by the University of
Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. Matching funds will be
proposed so that 22 additional schools can purchase satellite
dishes to receive Star Schools and NEBSAT programming. In all,
the system will link 82 communities across Nebraska.
In that regard I wish to acknowledge the role of Jack
McBride, Director of the Nebraska Educational Television
Network, and the Telecommunications Coordinating and Planning
Group, for bringing together a feasible plan for employing space
age technology in the delivery of educational services.
FIFTH
The environment also demands our attention. Agriculture,
municipalities, industries the people of Nebraska, and wildlife
compete for the use of natural resources. Cooperation and
compromise will be a hallmark of continuing programs to balance
these competing needs.
Specifically, in the area of water management non-point
source pollution holds the greatest danger to all users of
water in Nebraska. The NRDs are in the forefront of monitoring
and addressing the management practices necessary to reduce the
level of pollution. Indeed, they serve as a national example.
FINALLY
Property tax relief must be continued. One of the most
important duties of any government is to insure that it takes
from its citizens no more than is absolutely required to finance
the services of government. Thanks to increased revenues
resulting from our improved economy, we were able last year,
through LB 84, to provide more than $100 million dollars in
property tax relief to Nebraska property taxpayers.
(8)
If there is one issue on which there is near unanimous
agreement in our state, it is that local property taxes are too
high. It is only proper that the state should, to the extent it
can, assist in easing the burden borne by local units of
government. Therefore, I will be proposing again this year, the
legislature provide property tax relief in an amount of nearly
$100 million dollars. Tax relief is possible, but it must begin
with spending relief.
Spending choices are never easy. Neither are vetoes.
The drought last year caused me to be cautious about the
state's economy. I vetoed $66 million of additional spending in
light of that harsh reality.
There are signs that growth in our nation's economy is
slowing down. Those signs are also evident in the tax receipts
of states in our own region.
We in Nebraska must carefully balance a recovering economy
with fiscal responsibility. In that regard you acted with
commendable responsibility during the November special session
in moving to protect our school districts, our cities and
villages, our counties and other local governments from the
threatened loss of millions of dollars in property tax revenue
growing out of congressional action and decisions by federal and
state courts. Together with Senator Warner's LB 7, the measures
proposed offered a practical solution to this dilemma.
As you know, my expanded Response Team has been examining
the constitutional questions surrounding the personal property
tax. The enlarged group is chaired by Attorney General Robert
Spire. I pledge my cooperation as they fashion solutions that
will pass final constitutional muster.
In connection with your consideration of property tax
legislation, you will be dealing with the recommendations of the
School Finance Review Commission. While I have some reservations
about the Commission's proposals, I will follow the debate and
discussion closely. If there is to be a shift from the property
tax base to sales and/or income taxes, Nebraskans expect the
absolute assurance that change will not increase taxes.
As we look ahead toward the 21st century, we can foresee
expanded horizons for growth and development in Nebraska. We
can envision changes that will come with increasing swiftness.
The future will be filled with challenges and bright with
promise.
(9)
And in that vision, there is one constant that sustains and
supports us
the quality of life which is uniquely ours.
My own view is that our clean air, our rivers and lakes,
and a wealth of recreational opportunities are very important to
our quality of life. Our good schools, high literacy rate,
affordable living costs, and the cultural opportunities to enjoy
add much to long and healthy living in Nebraska.
But I think the essence of the quality of life is in our
neighbors, our families, our friends. It is in the strength of
the character of our people, in the willingness to work to
achieve our visions. Nebraska's greatness today results from
people not being guaranteed success, but from people having been
given the opportunity for success.
Nebraskans have put their trust in you and their trust in
me to do what is right. The key is knowing how much is right,
and how much is enough. There is a serenity prayer which asks
God: "Grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot
change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom
to know the difference."
In much the same way those of us entrusted with government
leadership need to know what is necessary to provide, and what
is not
and we need to have the wisdom to know the difference.
The 29th chapter of the Book of Proverbs reminds us: "Where
there is no vision, the people perish."
Let us trust one another. Let us seek together the
inspiration, the openness, and the vision for a brighter future.
Our tomorrows will be decided by the courage and determina-
tion of all Nebraskans. Together those of us who have been
elected by the people to serve can help bring their vision to
reality.
You have my every good wish for a successful and productive
session. May your deliberations be blessed by the Almighty.
END
STATE OF THE STATE ADDRESS
January 8, 1990
Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen of the
Legislature, friends, and my fellow citizens:
It's indeed a pleasure to join you as we enter the 1990s
and stand at the gateway to the 21st century. We live in an
exceptional time. Dramatic changes swirl about us. Expecta-
tions long suppressed are given new expression. The image is
fresh in our minds of the young people of Berlin, tearing down
the wall, an act symbolic of a desire for a better life
a
richer political, economic, and cultural life. Those changes
are happening all over East Central Europe and the Soviet Union.
It's appropriate to recall that many of those who came to
Nebraska had origins in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Germany, Russia,
the Baltic countries and so many other nations. They came to
Nebraska seeking a better life. They continue to come, receiving
a better life.
But let us acknowledge and rededicate ourselves to the fact
that the better life requires constant effort from one genera-
tion to another. As elected leaders of this state we bear much
of the responsibility for making the decisions that ensure that
better life.
In this first year of the last decade of the 20th century
we are positioned to take measured strides toward the future.
So it is that I look forward to the nineties with enthusiasm and
optimism
convinced we can continue the momentum of recent
years.
A moments reflection will reveal the landmarks of our
progress. Recall 1987.
--Nebraska unemployment had climbed to 5.5 percent.
Today it is 2.9 percent, the lowest rate of any state
west of the Mississippi.
-Manufacturing employment was down dramatically.
Today Nebraska's growth in manufacturing employment is
one of the strongest in the nation.
- -Job creation slowed to a virtual standstill.
Today 23,000 new jobs are on the drawing board. Approxi-
mately 15,000 jobs are already filled by Nebraskans.
(2)
State finances were buffeted constantly like a kite in a
gusty wind.
Today state finances have been stabilized
while dozens
of other states are in serious financial trouble.
-Until recently advanced research and product development
at the University were not competitive.
Today a bold initiative for advanced research at the
University of Nebraska promotes economic opportunities
for our citizens.
-Not long ago the morale of our teachers and professors
was at a low ebb.
Today salaries have been increased, and renewed
financial commitments enhance education at all levels.
The turn-around in Nebraska's economy has been noticed! A
couple of months ago, the Christian Science Monitor reported
that "New economic development incentives approved in 1987 have
polished Nebraska's national image."
These achievements evidence the strength and character of
this state. The principles and ideals which bind us are far
greater than the differences which divide us. We are committed
to the pursuit of excellence in our educational system, and we
place a high value on the unsurpassed quality of life that we
enjoy.
Just a few years ago the collective vision of our citizens
was blurred by conditions of economic stress. It was essential
that self-confidence be restored and that renewed economic vigor
be returned to the main streets of our communities. It was a
time to build, and we did it!
Effective partnerships between government and the private
sector were created. Individual initiative and hard work made
those partnerships work. Those partnerships brushed away the
clouds of misfortune and uncertainty, and set us back on course
toward the realization of our hopes for the future.
One of my major responsibilities as Governor is to listen
to listen to the "whisper of the prairie,' which, I must admit,
sometimes sounds more like a roar. Through the Capital for a
Day and most recently, the GREAT Town program, I have criss-
crossed this state, listening to Nebraskans from our smallest
towns and villages to our largest cities. Several communities
hosted a Governor for the first time.
(3)
Both of these programs have given me a far greater understanding
of the hopes and dreams, as well as the problems and frustrations
of the people of Nebraska. There is personal reward in visiting
these towns. It gives me strength of purpose to study the faces
of children in their classrooms, to learn from the wisdom of our
elders, whose experiences are the foundations upon which we
build the future. It's in these communities where so much of
the true spirit and real strength of our people lie.
Bess Streeter Aldrich once explained her affection for her
village of Elmwood with these words: "I have experienced a
thousand times the warm-hearted hospitality, loyal friendships
and deep sympathy of the small town."
And, happily so have I.
Nebraska small towns and their metropolitan counterparts
form the fabric we call "community. Together those communities
form the tapestry we call "Nebraska."
With all that as background, let us turn our attention to
the matter at hand Where do we go from here to attain the
better life for all Nebraskans?
The proposals offered to you today will provide Nebraskans
the opportunity to sustain and build on our progress, strengthen
our people, and enrich our society as we prepare for the 21st
century.
FIRST
I believe that the fundamental responsibility of government
is to protect its citizens and provide for their well-being and
safety. To achieve that end I am proposing strong legislation
that will help eradicate the problem of illegal drugs in our
society.
--We must take away the profits
--protect our children in our neighborhoods and schools,
and
--remove users from our streets.
-We must strengthen enforcement and prosecution and
--provide for expanded incarceration, treatment, and
counseling.
--We must continue to educate both young and old about
this deadly scourge.
(4)
I want to make it crystal clear. Nebraska intends to rid
itself of this evil which is corrupting our youth and spawning
crime in our streets. There must be more state drug enforcement
officers on the front lines, backed up by tougher laws to take
the glamour out of using and the profit out of selling.
I am recommending new appropriations to enhance enforcement,
through the addition of 15 drug enforcement officers, 10 drug
abuse resistance education officers, and the full reinstatement
of paid overtime for the State Patrol.
Under the leadership of Colonel Harold LeGrande, Nebraska
law enforcement from our local police and county sheriffs, to
state and federal investigators, are working together, making
significant strikes against illegal narcotics activity. These
are dedicated women and men, committed to protecting Nebraska
families.
I am working with Senator Conway to further develop his
proposal to impose an immediate assessment on the street value
of drugs found at the time of arrest. Property
cars, houses,
bank accounts
would be subject to seizure to satisfy the
judgment.
Collection of this drug money should be used to help
educate Nebraskans on the evils of drug abuse
to provide for
drug treatment programs, and to fund enforcement programs.
In that connection, I urge the legislature to act promptly
on Senator Chizek's LB 205, which will strengthen our state
seizure and forfeiture laws and conform Nebraska law to the
federal anti-drug statutes.
I endorse Senator Pirsch's bill to create Drug-Free School
Zones across the state. This proposal follows the same lines as
Mayor P.J. Morgan's successful efforts in Omaha.
I am working with Senator Lowell Johnson to deter drug
dealers from involving minors in their illegal enterprise by
making it a separate felony to hire minors as part of an illegal
drug operation.
I support Senator Langford's proposal to suspend the
driver's licenses of those convicted of drug-related offenses.
To combat the "laundering of money from illegal drug deals, I am
proposing a statute that will require financial institutions to
report large cash transactions.
(5)
Our prosecution forces will be strengthened by doubling the
Drug Prosecution Unit in the Attorney General's office.
Today our prison capacity is at 144 percent, 5th highest in
the nation. Our new drug efforts will increase that percentage
unless more prison space is provided. Thanks to the efforts of
Senator Hannibal and his committee on Prison Overcrowding, we
now have a coherent and logical basis for addressing the growing
needs of the state's corrections system. Accordingly, funding
for the addition of 430 beds to the adult facilities will be
recommended. We have no choice.
If these prisoners are to have any chance of rehabilitation,
they must have treatment and counseling; therefore, six mental
health counselors should be reinstated in the Department of
Corrections and a portion of the federal block grant reserved for
law enforcement should be used to triple the current chemical
dependency grant for both adults and juveniles in state custody.
Drug abuse is a plague threatening every single family. It
is being fought in communities across the state and led by
committed Nebraskans like Tom Barlow, Joe Edmunsen, Willa Kirts,
Carl Washington, Paul and Kandy Hofmeister, Creola Woodall,
Pastor William Barlow, Parents in Action, the Mad Dads, Malone
Community Center, and the Drug Free Youth Network at Scottsbluff
High School. Nebraskans expect our total commitment to this
war. That commitment is reinforced today.
SECOND
We must continue to encourage business expansion and bring
new job opportunities to Nebraska. As I've traveled and listened
to the people and been involved in their plans for the future, I
have been impressed by the independence, determination, and
optimism that motivates Nebraskans to improve the quality of life
in their communities.
In order to continue the revitalization of rural Nebraska
increased resources must be available to the people who live and
work in our rural communities. I have asked the Department of
Economic Development to make changes in the Community Development
Block Grant program to provide more flexibility to meet the
various needs of our smaller communities.
(6)
Additional business assistance will be available through
expansion of the direct loan and loan guarantee provisions, and
funds will be available for retail business development in
communities with populations of 25-hundred or less.
THIRD
Throughout our history, agriculture has been the foundation
of Nebraska's economy. We are Number One in Agriculture, and
prospects for the future are bright. Just last week Nebraska
moved into first place as the leading cattle feeding state in
the nation. Of the $2.4 billion that will be invested under the
economic development initiatives, approximately $540 million
will be devoted to the processing of agricultural products.
That's good news. The rest of the story is that 1989 was a
difficult year for Nebraska agriculture. Eighty-seven of 93
counties qualified for federal disaster relief.
The Drought Assessment Response Team, activated last April,
will continue to stay abreast of drought conditions gripping our
state. Until our prayers for replenishing snows and rains are
answered, the drought situation will be monitored closely; and
111
we will be prepared to act on behalf of our farmers, feeders,
and ranchers.
This Fall, the people of Nebraska will
once again
have
the opportunity to determine how agriculture real estate should
be valued. I believe that ag-land should be fairly valued on
its ability to produce.
FOURTH
Modern technology gives us the opportunity to link our
state together to provide exciting new education opportunities
to students and teachers in communities across the breadth of
this state.
I will recommend substantial funding for Phase II of
NEBSAT, the Nebraska telecommunications delivery system for
education. The benefits of NEBSAT range from allowing students
in low-enrollment schools to receive instruction from teachers
in larger schools, to an MBA program to be offered at the
Panhandle Research and Extension Center in Scottsbluff.
(7)
In addition, funding will be sought to enhance the delivery
of nursing school programs to Scottsbluff by the University of
Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. Matching funds will be
proposed so that 22 additional schools can purchase satellite
dishes to receive Star Schools and NEBSAT programming. In all,
the system will link 82 communities across Nebraska.
In that regard I wish to acknowledge the role of Jack
McBride, Director of the Nebraska Educational Television
Network, and the Telecommunications Coordinating and Planning
Group, for bringing together a feasible plan for employing space
age technology in the delivery of educational services.
FIFTH
The environment also demands our attention. Agriculture,
municipalities, industries the people of Nebraska, and wildlife
compete for the use of natural resources. Cooperation and
compromise will be a hallmark of continuing programs to balance
these competing needs.
Specifically, in the area of water management non-point
source pollution holds the greatest danger to all users of
water in Nebraska. The NRDs are in the forefront of monitoring
and addressing the management practices necessary to reduce the
level of pollution. Indeed, they serve as a national example.
FINALLY
Property tax relief must be continued. One of the most
important duties of any government is to insure that it takes
from its citizens no more than is absolutely required to finance
the services of government. Thanks to increased revenues
resulting from our improved economy, we were able last year,
through LB 84, to provide more than $100 million dollars in
property tax relief to Nebraska property taxpayers.
(8)
If there is one issue on which there is near unanimous
agreement in our state, it is that local property taxes are too
high. It is only proper that the state should, to the extent it
can, assist in easing the burden borne by local units of
government. Therefore, I will be proposing again this year, the
legislature provide property tax relief in an amount of nearly
$100 million dollars. Tax relief is possible, but it must begin
with spending relief.
Spending choices are never easy. Neither are vetoes.
The drought last year caused me to be cautious about the
state's economy. I vetoed $66 million of additional spending in
light of that harsh reality.
There are signs that growth in our nation's economy is
slowing down. Those signs are also evident in the tax receipts
of states in our own region.
We in Nebraska must carefully balance a recovering economy
with fiscal responsibility. In that regard you acted with
commendable responsibility during the November special session
in moving to protect our school districts, our cities and
villages, our counties and other local governments from the
threatened loss of millions of dollars in property tax revenue
growing out of congressional action and decisions by federal and
state courts. Together with Senator Warner's LB 7, the measures
proposed offered a practical solution to this dilemma.
As you know, my expanded Response Team has been examining
the constitutional questions surrounding the personal property
tax. The enlarged group is chaired by Attorney General Robert
Spire. I pledge my cooperation as they fashion solutions that
will pass final constitutional muster.
In connection with your consideration of property tax
legislation, you will be dealing with the recommendations of the
School Finance Review Commission. While I have some reservations
about the Commission's proposals, I will follow the debate and
discussion closely. If there is to be a shift from the property
tax base to sales and/or income taxes, Nebraskans expect the
absolute assurance that change will not increase taxes.
As we look ahead toward the 21st century, we can foresee
expanded horizons for growth and development in Nebraska. We
can envision changes that will come with increasing swiftness.
The future will be filled with challenges and bright with
promise.
(9)
And in that vision, there is one constant that sustains and
supports us
the quality of life which is uniquely ours.
My own view is that our clean air, our rivers and lakes,
and a wealth of recreational opportunities are very important to
our quality of life. Our good schools, high literacy rate,
affordable living costs, and the cultural opportunities to enjoy
add much to long and healthy living in Nebraska.
But I think the essence of the quality of life is in our
neighbors, our families, our friends. It is in the strength of
the character of our people, in the willingness to work to
achieve our visions. Nebraska's greatness today results from
people not being guaranteed success, but from people having been
given the opportunity for success.
Nebraskans have put their trust in you and their trust in
me to do what is right. The key is knowing how much is right,
and how much is enough. There is a serenity prayer which asks
God: "Grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot
change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom
to know the difference."
In much the same way those of us entrusted with government
leadership need to know what is necessary to provide, and what
is not
and we need to have the wisdom to know the difference.
The 29th chapter of the Book of Proverbs reminds us: "Where
there is no vision, the people perish."
Let us trust one another. Let us seek together the
inspiration, the openness, and the vision for a brighter future.
Our tomorrows will be decided by the courage and determina-
tion of all Nebraskans. Together those of us who have been
elected by the people to serve can help bring their vision to
reality.
You have my every good wish for a successful and productive
session. May your deliberations be blessed by the Almighty.
END
order all state agencies to submit budgets
5% lower than this year's and then "re-
RNIE LEYBA
years. As a former
ing Governor Richard Lamm, the confi-
sell their programs both to the legislature
dent and energetic Romer sometimes
and to me."
greeted visitors with a brusque "Tell me
Kay Orr. Nebraska's state treasurer be-
who you are and what you want," soft-
came the first Republican woman Gover-
ening the approach with a smile. He
nor as well as the first woman to be elect-
has been tightfisted with state funds,
ed Governor of a state by defeating anoth-
and is more solicitous of the Republican
er woman, Democrat Helen Boosalis. An
legislators than Lamm has been. Yet
articulate fiscal conservative, Orr, 47, had
when his Republican opponent Ted
climbed the party ladder, starting as an
Strickland generously proposed that a
envelope stuffer in 1963. Unafraid to
$250 million windfall from the federal
tackle difficult problems, Orr an-
tax-reform act be passed along to state
nounced on the morning after the election
Colorado Democrat Roy Romer
taxpayers at about $200 each, Romer
that she would form a jobs creation coun-
suggested that much of the money be
cil to help small towns recover from the
equipment dealer, Colorado Democrat
used instead for education, highways
farm depression and a task force to try to
Romer, 58, turned his business acumen
and other investments in Colorado's fu-
remedy the state's agricultural ills.
to advantage as state treasurer: he de-
ture. He won anyway. -By Ed Magnuson.
Roy Romer. A self-made millionaire
vised a bond investment plan that
Reported by Dan Goodgame/Los Angeles and
as a real estate developer and heavy
earned the state $32 million in two
Joseph J. Kane/Atlanta
Meet the Newest Kennedy
land Republican Helen Delich Bentley, 41% to 59%.)
Kennedy has been faulted for his impulsive nature; he is
no intellectual and appears unreflective. "Clearly, he's not a
0
n his way to a fund raiser, keyed up about his speech, Joe
great thinker," says one longtime Massachusetts political ob-
Kennedy repeats his political mantra to himself: "Democ-
server. "But he makes up for it by doing." A close friend
racy,
opportunity,
America
His navy gabardine campaign
notes, "He's incredibly competitive. Imagine racing him in a
suit is shiny by now from overuse on the trail. "Democracy,
100-yard dash with a brick wall at the 101st yard. I'd start
opportunity, America At a luncheon for 250 elderly peo-
slowing down at the 90th yard, but Joe will run full tilt to win
ple, the tousled candidate gives his stump speech in a booming
the race, even though he is certain to hit the wall."
voice, chopping the air in disjointed fashion, stressing almost
Kennedy's combativeness often works to his advantage.
every word. His speeches feel like workouts. Then Kennedy
Before a debate during the primary race, Kennedy's staff
bounds from the podium. No cheek goes unkissed.
heard that his principal rival, George Bachrach, intended to
Joseph Kennedy II has a little bit of a lot of Kennedys in
confront him with a question about Citizens Energy's possi-
him: his father Robert's unceas-
ble links with Libya. A check
ing energy and passion; his
showed there was no connec-
grandfather Joseph's single-
tion. When Bachrach leveled the
minded dedication to winning;
charge, Kennedy sprang a coun-
and his uncle Ted's occasional in-
terattack. "Libya offered Sirhan
articulateness, mitigated by only
Sirhan asylum after he killed my
a touch of the bemused self-
father," he said, eyes blazing.
awareness that was part of the
"For you to think for one second
wit and style of his late uncle the
that Citizens Energy would have
President. But the Kennedy trait
anything to do with Libya is just
that carries Joe is the physical
totally off base." The race was
charisma and boundless (albeit
never close after that.
often unfocused) energy that
Kennedy admits that he has
have become a family trademark.
no grand national vision. His
At 34, Joe is the eldest male
premise is simple. "The truth is
among the 28 cousins who make
that hardworking families are
up the third Kennedy genera-
struggling and unable to partici-
tion. In 1979, after a checkered
pate fully in the American
academic past, Kennedy formed
dream," he says. "That's not
Citizens Energy, a nonprofit
right." Says one campaign advis-
corporation that distributes low-
er: "There's still a child's sim-
cost heating oil in Massachu-
plistic view of the world in him.
setts. Throughout his race for
He doesn't understand that the
the Cambridge seat being vacat-
world is a place of massive
ed by House Speaker Tip
grays." In Congress that may
O'Neill, Kennedy has cam-
Joe II: he has his father's unceasing energy and passion
cause problems. "Joe is still vola-
paigned on a platform of fiscal
tile and combative," says a veter-
responsibility, shunning the kind of straightforward, do-
an of Ted Kennedy's 1980 campaign. Those qualities do not
good liberalism that he advocated in his younger days.
ease one's way through a political body where compromise is
Kennedy defeated his opponent, Businessman Clark
highly rewarded. A short fuse is particularly dangerous for a
Abt, 72% to 28%. Characteristically, he puts his victory
politician who, by virtue of his name alone, will always stand
in emotional perspective: "If you just do it the way you
in the spotlight of public attention. But Joe is not particularly
really believe it should be done, there is some justice."
worried. "I've played on plenty of football teams," he says.
(His sister Kathleen Kennedy Townsend did not fare so well
"And I'm used to being one of 22."
-By Amy Wilentz
in her bid for Congress. She lost to incumbent Mary-
Reported by Joelle Attinger/Boston
48
TIME, NOVEMBER
ative known as Partners In Learn-
has not only survived, but thrived,
time in our history. Manufacturing
ing, which emphasizes péer tutor-
under democracy, is a monument to
employment is up and new jobs are
ing and mentoring in our schools,
their vision and wisdom.
being created in our agri-business
and seeks to identify and create a
Government should provide an
sector. The main streets of our
million mentors over the next three-
atmosphere of freedom and growth
small and large communities are
to-five years.
and an environment of opportunity,
once again alive with activity.
I am sure you will agree that
in which each citizen can develop
This recovery is, in part, a result
brainpower is our most valuable re-
his or her God-given potential to
of Reagan-Bush policies which have
source. Through a strong state-fed-
the fullest. I look forward to work-
spurred economic growth across the
eral partnership for educational ex-
ing with you to develop that atmos-
nation. We are in a new age of op-
cellence, brainpower can become
phere on the state and national
timistic expansion. Your presiden-
our most plentiful and renewable
levels.
cy will provide the leadership for
resource.
Gov. John Ashcroft (R)
continuing policies based on free
Gov. Rudy Perpich (DFL)
Missouri
enterprise, free markets and limit-
Minnesota
ed government.
The stage has been set for a dy-
Congratulations on your well de-
namic partnership in which people
Our experience at the state level
served victory. We in Montana ex-
can direct government, and govern-
has proved that there are things
tend our best wishes to your admin-
ment empowers people to make
government has to do which no
istration and look forward to work-
their own choices and to solve their
other institution can or will do -
ing with you on issues of concern to
own problems.
things that will ultimately affect
our state and the nation.
As you lead our nation guided by
our quality of life and our business
We pledge our full cooperation
American values, Nebraskans wish
climate. I would ask, Mr. President,
with your office as we are asked to
you well.
that you join Mississippians in a
play our part in solving national
commitment to the fundamental
problems. We ask in return that
Gov. Kay A. Orr (R)
Nebraska
principle of giving people all the
your administration give our in-
government they need, but no more
terests due consideration when set-
government than they need. I hope
ting national policy.
One of Nevada's major concerns
you will apply the lessons we have
Montanans are celebrating their
entering the new year involves a
learned that we, as concerned
statehood centennial this year. As
proposal to store radioactive nuclear
citizens, can be compassionate with-
a centennial governor, I invite you
waste at a site roughly 100 miles
out being wasteful. Most impor-
and your wife Barbara to join us in
northwest of Las Vegas.
tantly, we must remember that the
1989 in recognition of the achieve-
Congress has targeted Yucca
state of our economy tomorrow will
ments and richness of Montana's
Mountain in Nevada to dump the
be determined by the commitment
heritage.
nation's high-level nuclear waste.
we make to our children today. This
There are a number of serious con-
Gov. Stan Stephens (R)
will require government to make
cerns with Yucca Mountain that
Montana
that commitment to play a positive
question its scientific suitability for
partnership role.
storing deadly radioactive waste,
Gov. Ray Mabus (D)
On behalf of the people of Nebras-
and transportation presents an ad-
Mississippi
ka, it is my pleasure to congratu-
ditional problem: Truck loads of
late you on your election as presi-
deadly waste crisscrossing Ameri-
dent of the United States.
ca and passing through or near ma-
On behalf of all Missourians, I ex-
Nebraskans, who cast 60 percent
jor metropolitan areas clearly place
tend heartiest congratulations on
of their votes for you on Nov. 8, look
our residents dangerously close to
your recent election and warmest
forward to your leadership and com-
unsafe conditions. Regardless of
best wishes for a successful term as
mitment to building on the econom-
where the dump is placed, science
president.
ic success of the past eight years.
and safety should be the primary
Our democratic government stands
Nebraska is in the midst of an
considerations. However, the De-
as a living monument to people of
economic recovery that has revital-
partment of Energy, in its efforts to
courage and vision - our fore-
ized our state. More Nebraskans
expedite the construction of a re-
fathers. The fact that our nation
are at work today than at any other-
pository, has bypassed these two
Cov.
Gov.
Gov.
Gov.
Gov.
Acting Cov.
Rudy Perpich
Ray Mabus
John Ashcroft
Stan Stephens
Kay A. Orr
Bob Miller
THE LITTLE, BROWN
BOOK OF
Ba ANECDOTES so
CLIFTON FADIMAN
GENERAL EDITOR
LB
LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY
BOSTON
TORONTO
TWAIN
556
away on his travels and none of them knew his
whom he began to boast of his sizable catch
address. So they mailed a letter superscribed
appeared at first unresponsive, then positively
"Mark Twain, God Knows Where." Some
grim. "By the way, who are you, sir?" inquired
weeks later they received an acknowledgment
Twain airily. "I'm the state game warden," was
reading simply: "He did."
the unwelcome response. "Who are you?"
Compare SIR HUMPHRY DAVY 1.
Twain nearly swallowed his cigar. "Well, to be
perfectly truthful, warden," he said hastily,
16 After attending a service conducted by
"I'm the biggest damn liar in the whole United
Dr. Doane, later bishop of Albany, Mark
States."
Twain congratulated him on an enjoyable ser-
vice. "I wélcomed it as an old friend," he went
20 Twain was tired of receiving photographs
on. "I have a book at home containing every
from men claiming to be his double. To cope
word of it." Dr. Doane bristled. "I am sure you
with the heavy correspondence this entailed he
have not," he replied huffily. "Indeed I have,"
composed the following form letter and had
Twain persisted. "Well, I'd like to have a look
his printer run off a few hundred copies: "My
at it then. Could you send it over to me?" The
dear Sir, I thank you very much for your letter
following day Twain sent him an unabridged
and your photograph. In my opinion you are
dictionary.
more like me than any other of my numerous
doubles. I may even say that you resemble me
17 A devotee of cigars, Mark Twain was con-
more closely than I do myself. In fact, I intend
temptuous of those who made a great to-do
to use your picture to shave by. Yours thank-
about giving up smoking. He always claimed
fully, S. Clemens."
that it was easy to quit: "I've done it a hundred
times!"
21 "In a world without women," Twain was
once asked, "what would men become?"
18 Mark Twain, careless about his dress, one
"Scarce, sir," replied Twain. "Mighty
scarce."
day called on Harriet Beecher Stowe without
his necktie. On his return Mrs. Clemens no-
22 In later life Mark Twain suffered periodi-
ticed the omission and scolded him. A little
cally from bronchitis and arthritis. Whenever
later a messenger turned up on Mrs. Stowe's
the newspapers reported that he had had an-
doorstep and handed her a small package. In-
other attack, well-wishers would send him pre-
side was a black necktie, and a note: "Here is a
scriptions, remedies, nostrums, and elixirs of
necktie. Take it out and look at it. I think I
life in the hope of bringing about his recovery.
stayed half an hour this morning without this
He had a standard reply for acknowledging
necktie. At the end of that time, will you kindly
these unsolicited items: "Dear Sir (or Madam),
return it, as it is the only one I have. Mark
Twain."
I try every remedy sent to me. I am now on No.
87. Yours is 2,653. I am looking forward to its
beneficial results."
19
Mark Twain loved to brag about his hunt-
ing and fishing exploits. He once spent three
23 When Mark Twain was born in No-
weeks fishing in the Maine woods, regardless
vember 1835, Halley's comet blazed in the
of the fact that it was the state's closed season
night sky. Twain often referred to this, and
for fishing. Relaxing in the lounge car of the
came to think of himself and the comet as "un-
train on his return journey to New York, his
accountable freaks" which, having come in to-
catch iced down in the baggage car, he looked
gether, must go out together. He was right:
for someone to whom he could relate the story
when he died in April 1910, Halley's comet was
of his successful holiday. The stranger to
again in the sky.
Webster's
Biographical
Dictionary
a Merriam-Webster
R
R
G. & C. Merriam Company, Publishers
Springfield, Massachusetts
Castro
266
Catherine
Escolhidas (1902), and dramas, as 0 Anel de Policrates
Cath'a-rine (kăth'd-rin). See CATHERINE.
(1907).
Catharine Jagello. See JAGELLON.
Castro, Fidel. 1927-
Cuban political leader,
Cath'cart (kăth'kërt; -kärt), Sir William Schaw. 1st
b. Mayarí. Led revolution against President Fulgencio
Earl Cathcart. 1755-1843. English soldier and diplo-
Batista (1959); premier (from 1959).
mat. Son of Charles Cathcart (1721-1776; 9th Baron
Cas'tro (käs'trō), Inés (or Inez or sometimes, Anglicized,
Cathcart, ambassador to Russia 1768-71). Commanded
Agnes) de. 1320?-1355. Spanish noblewoman, de-
an irregular corps, the "British legion," in America
scendant of royal family of Castile; m. (1354) Dom Pedro
(1777-80); served in Low Countries (1793-95); com-
secretly; murdered at Coimbra by order of Alfonso who
mander in chief in Ireland (1803-05); bombarded
feared serious political consequences from the unequal
Copenhagen (1807); general (1812); ambassador at St.
union. Episode was celebrated by novelists and poets,
Petersburg (1814-21).
esp. by Camoëns in The Lusiad and by Antônio Ferreira
His son Charles Murray (1783-1859), 2d earl, styled
in Inês de Castro.
Lord Green'ock [grin'ůk] (1807-43); soldier; served
Cas'tro (kásh'troo), João de. 1500-1548. Portuguese
in Italy and Sicily (1805-06), at Walcheren (1809), in
naval commander, b. Lisbon; placed in command of fleet
Iberian Peninsula (1810-12), as quartermaster general
to rid European seas of pirates (1543). To Portuguese
(1814-23), at Waterloo; commander in chief in Canada
India (1545) as viceroy ad interim; defeated Mahmud
(1846-49); general (1854); discovered new mineral,
Shah III, King of Gujarat; relieved city of Diu; subdued
greenockite (1841).
Malacca; appointed viceroy (1547) by John III.
Sir George (1794-1854), soldier; 3d son of 1st earl; aide-
Cas'tro (käs'tro), José María. 1818-1893. Costa Rican
de-camp to Wellington at Waterloo and in France (1815-
statesman, b. San José. President of Costa Rica (1847-
18); commander in chief in South Africa (1852-54);
49, 1866-68); called "Founder of the Republic."
conquered Kaffirs and Basutos; killed at battle of Inker-
Castro, Juan José. 1895-1968. Argentine orchestra con-
man.
ductor and composer.
Ca'the-li'neau' (kát'le'no'), Jacques. 1759-1793.
Castro, Manuel Fernández de. See FERNÁNDEZ DE
French Royalist; leader of Vendeans in uprising of 1793;
CASTRO.
died (July 4, 1793) of wounds received leading assault
Castro y Bell-vís' (ê bělyvěs), Guillén de. 1569-
on Nantes.
1631. Spanish dramatist, b. Valencia; best known for
Cath'er (kăth'er), Willa Sibert. 1873-1947. American
Las Mocedades del Cid, source for Corneille's Le Cid
novelist, b. Winchester, Va. B.A., Nebraska (1895); on
Castro y Velasco, Antonio Acisclo Palomino de. See
staff of Pittsburgh Daily Leader (1898-1901); associate
PALOMINO.
editor of McClure's Magazine (1906-12). Author of
Cas'tro-vie'jo (käs'trô-vye'hõ), Ramón. 1904-
April Twilights (verse; 1903), and the novels Alexander's
Spanish-born American ophthalmologist.
Bridge (1912), 0 Pioneers (1913), The Song of the Lark
Ca-struc'cio Ca'stra-ca'ni de'gli An'tel-mi-nel'li
(1915), My Antonia (1918), Youth and the Bright Medusa
(kästroot'chô kästrä-kä'ne dă'lye
(1920), One of Ours (1922; awarded Pulitzer prize), A
1281-1328. Italian soldier and Ghibelline leader; con-
Lost Lady (1923), The Professor's House (1925), My
quered Lucca and Pistoia; assumed control of Pisa;
Mortal Enemy (1926), Death Comes for the Archbishop
created imperial vicar and duke of Lucca (1327).
(1927), Shadows on the Rock (1931), Obscure Destinies
Caswallawn or Caswallon. See CASSIVELAUNUS.
(1932), Lucy Gayheart (1935), Not Under Forty (1936),
Cas'well (kăz'wěl;-w Richard. 1729-1789. American
Sapphira and the Slave Girl (1940).
Revolutionary officer, b. in Cecil Co., Md.; delegate to
Cath'er-ine (kăth'er-in). Name of three wives of king
Continental Congress (1774-76); colonel in Revolution-
Henry VIII of England. See (1) CATHERINE OF ARAGON;
ary army; governor of North Carolina (1776-80; 1785-
(2) Catherine HOWARD; (3) Catherine PARR.
87).
Catherine or Catharine. Name of two empresses of
Cat (kăt), Christopher. fl. 1703-1733. English tavern-
Russia:
keeper, of "The Cat and Fiddle" in London, meeting
Catherine I. Russ. Ekaterina Alekseevna. Orig.
place of the Kit-cat Club, a social club for Whigs.
name Marfa Ska.vron'ska.ya (skü-vrôn'skü-yü).
Ca'ta·la'ni (kä'tä-lä'ne), Angelica. 1780-1849. Italian
1684?-1727. Empress (1725-27). Of Livonian peasant
operatic soprano.
origin; m. a Swedish dragoon; taken prisomer at Marien-
Ca'tar-giu' (kä'tär·joo'), Lascăr. 1823-1899. Rumanian
burg (1702); became serf of Prince Menshikov. At-
statesman; prime minister of Rumania (1866, 1871-76,
tracted attention of Peter I the Great and became his
1889, 1891-95); leader in Senate of Conservative opposi-
mistress (1703); exerted influence over Peter and became
tion to Brătianu (1876-88).
his adviser; saved his life in campaign against Turks on
Ca.te'na (kä-tã'nä), Vincenzo di Bia'gio (de byä'jō).
the Prut (1711); m. Peter as his second wife (1712);
C. 1470-1531. Venetian painter; pupil of Bellini. His
crowned empress (1724). Succeeded Peter as Catherine I
works include Holy Trinity (church of San Simeone
(1725); during short peaceful reign, relied upon Prince
Grande, Venice), Knight Adoring the Christ Child (Na-
Menshikov; established supreme privy council; founded
tional Gallery, London), Christ Giving the Keys to St.
Russian Academy of Sciences. Succeeded by grandson
Peter (Boston).
Peter II.
Caterina. Italian form of CATHERINE.
Catherine II. Called Catherine the Great. Russ.
Cates'by (kãts'bi), Mark. 1679?-1749. English natural-
name Ekaterina Alekseevna. Orig. name (Anglicized)
ist and traveler. In America (1712-19, 1722-25), study-
Sophia Augusta Frederica of An'halt-Zerbst' (än'-
ing flora and fauna. Author of The Natural History of
hält-tsěrpst"). Called "the Semiramis of the North."
Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands.
1729-1796. Empress (1762-96). Married (1745) Peter
Catesby, Robert. 1573-1605. English conspirator, son
(later Peter III), nephew of Empress Elizabeth; soon be-
of Roman Catholic squire; took part in rebellion of earl
came estranged from Peter, both being subjects of much
of Essex (1601); named accomplice in Rye Plot (1603)
court scandal; soon after Peter's accession (1762), de-
to seize James I and force concessions of religious toler-
posed him with help of her paramour Grigori Orlov,
ance; chief instigator of Gunpowder Plot (1604-05); be-
Potëmkin, Princess Dashkova, and others; usurped
trayed by Francis Tresham; killed resisting arrest.
throne (1762). During her reign, serfdom and misery
ãle, chãotic, câre (7), ådd, account, ärm, åsk (11), sofá; ēve, here (18), event, end, silent, maker; ice, ill, charity;
old, õbey, ôrb, odd (40), soft (41), connect; food, foot; out, oil; cūbe, unite, ûrn, up, circus, ü = u in Fr. menu;
National
Drug Control
Strategy
Budget Summary
OFCHE
THE 13/7) VISA DEIIT
January 1990
The White House
FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
As stated in the September 1989 National Drug Control
Strategy, the Nation's drug control program is an integrated
system. Changes made to one part of the system have an effect on
other parts of the system. Enhanced law enforcement, for
example, invariably leads to increased pressure on the courts and
prisons. Increased attention on user accountability motivates
people to stop their drug use and this leads to more demand for
treatment. Emphasis applied to one part of the system increases
pressure on another part.
If we are to be successful in our fight against drug use, we
must begin to see the drug control program as an integrated
system that will be most effective when all aspects of it are
receiving proper and balanced attention.
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 requires the Strategy to
describe the balance of resources devoted to supply reduction and
demand reduction activities. Often, law enforcement resources
are viewed entirely as supply reduction in nature and only those
resources that are directly spent on education or treatment
activities are considered demand reduction. By this definition,
the Strategy recommends a 1991 budget that is approximately 71
percent supply reduction and 29 percent demand reduction. This
division is the same as the 1990 level.
But a supply/demand distinction that looks only at the
bottom line of the budget to determine whether our efforts are
appropriately balanced between supply and demand reduction
activities is too simplistic and overlooks three very important
factors. First, supply reduction activities are inherently
expensive (patrol cars, aircraft, and prisons are all very
costly), whereas many demand reduction activities rely less on
capital outlays and more on community involvement and individual
commitment: getting schools to treat drug use seriously, for
example, doesn't necessarily require a large budget. Second,
many supply reduction activities are intrinsically government
functions (international operations and high-seas interdiction,
for example, can only be performed by the Federal government),
whereas most demand reduction efforts can and should be shared
by our families, schools, churches, and communities. Third, many
supply activities also have a very profound impact on demand
reduction, and are so intended. When, for example, a juvenile is
arrested and punished for illegal drug use it sends a message to
his friends and schoolmates that will deter them from drug use.
Thus, while 71 percent of the budget's "bottom line" is for
activities traditionally thought of as supply reduction, a large
portion of this funding will have an impact on and is aimed at
reducing demand.
1
This section presents the program and budget priorities for
Fiscal Years 1991-1993. Further detail on the Fiscal Year 1991
request is contained in the following Agency Summaries. These
resources are needed to implement the National Drug Control
Strategy and provide balanced funding for the overall drug
program. For Fiscal Year 1991, we are seeking $10.6 billion
dollars in drug-related funding -- a $4.3 billion (69 percent)
increase since taking office twelve months ago and a $1.1 billion
(12 percent) increase over the current Fiscal Year. Actual
spending -- the budget outlays -- for Fiscal Year 1991 will
increase by $2.8 billion, a 41 percent increase in just one year.
BUDGET AUTHORITY IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
FY
FY
FY
FY 90-91
1989
1990
1991
Increase
$
%
Criminal Justice
$2,682
$4,191
$4,279
$ 88
2%
Treatment
888
1,337
1,492
155
12
Education, Community
Action & the Workplace
677
1,118
1,242
124
11
International Activities
304
419
690
271
65
Interdiction Efforts
1,467
2,029
2,373
344
17
Research
231
318
383
65
20
Intelligence
53
71
172
101
142
TOTAL
$6,302
$9,483
$10,631
$1,148
12%
The figures for Criminal Justice include the costs of Federal
prison construction, which in FY 1990, totaled approximately $1
billion. Because prison construction costs do not recur in
subsequent years, the true programmatic increase from 1990 to
1991 is actually $1 billion higher than the figures above would
indicate. Adjusting for this, the FY 1990 to FY 1991 criminal
justice increase equals 34 percent.
2
National
Drug Control
Strategy
OF
THE UNITED UNITED PRES 3HL STATES OF SEAL
January 1990
The White House
The Criminal Justice System
Punishment
The Death Penalty. Under existing Federal law, no penalty ade-
quately reflects the severity of certain drug crimes, which threaten the
stability of foreign nations and seriously imperil the national security
interests of the United States. The Administration is therefore propos-
ing legislation so that the death penalty would be available in cases
involving three additional categories of drug offenders: 1) Major drug
kingpins. Those currently subject to a mandatory term of life imprison-
ment as leaders of Continuing Criminal Enterprises (CCE) devoted to
the large-scale importation or distribution of controlled substances; 2)
Drug kingpins who attempt to kill in order to obstruct justice. CCE
leaders, not necessarily subject to mandatory life, who, in order to
obstruct the investigation or prosecution of CCE-related offenses, at-
tempt or knowingly direct, advise, authorize or assist another in an
attempt to kill any public officer, juror, witness, or family member of
such person; and 3) Federal drug felons whose offenses result in death.
Those who, intending to cause death or acting with reckless disregard
for human life, commit a Federal drug felony resulting in the death of
another person. These three categories of offenders could be sentenced
to death if: 1) the indictment is approved by the Attorney General; and 2)
the jury finds the existence of one or more additional aggravating factors
which provide particularly strong evidence of dangerousness, incorrigi-
bility, or indifference to human life.
Prisons. The proposals contained in the September 1989 National
Strategy and President Bush's Violent Crime Initiative allocated $1.5
billion for Federal prison construction in 1990 - a sum that will add a
total of 24,000 beds to the Federal prison system. Funding for an
additional 6,000 beds is being sought in Fiscal Year 1991. During the
same fiscal year, 14 new and renovated facilities, along with other
prison expansion, will bring approximately 4,215 new beds on line in
the Federal system where over half the prisoners are drug offenders.
Funding for drug treatment services within the Federal prison system is
also targeted for expansion.
A more serious prison problem, however, remains in some State
systems, where court orders to reduce overcrowding affect major facili-
ties in at least 30 states. At many of these facilities, prisoners are
released well ahead of the release dates intended at the time they were
sentenced. The result is that someone convicted of drug trafficking and
sentenced to prison by a State court will serve an estimated average of
only 22 months - less time than for robbery, aggravated assault, or
burglary (see graph page 24).
Most States have responded aggressively by increasing annual
expenditures on corrections. Census data show that spending in-
creased by 63 percent between. 1985 and 1988 - from $54 to $88 per
National Drug Control Strategy
23
BUILDING
A BETTER
AMERICA
"We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better
A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready
to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken."
-- President Bush
Inaugural Address
January 20, 1989
December 11, 1989
December 11, 1989
BUILDING A BETTER AMERICA
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION
KEEPING THE ECONOMY STRONG
Maintaining the current economic expansion with low
inflation is the key to improving standards of living, increasing
job opportunities for all Americans, and increasing investment in
productive capacity. Economic performance during this expansion
has been exceptionally good with extraordinary job growth. The
policies of the Bush Administration are designed to preserve this
strong record.
Record Peacetime Expansion: The current expansion reached 84
months in November. This is the second longest economic
expansion in U.S. history and the longest peacetime
expansion.
Job Creation: Over 20.7 million new jobs have been created
during this expansion, and this year the unemployment rate
has reached levels not seen in over 16 years. The benefits
of robust economic growth have been shared by all
demographic groups as indicated by historically low
unemployment rates for women and minorities. During this
decade, America has created more new jobs than Japan and the
nations of Western Europe combined. A higher percentage of
American adults is at work than at any other time in our
history.
Inflation Under Control: Consumer price inflation has
remained under 5 percent in each of the seven years from
1982 to 1988, and the recent slowing in economic growth to a
sustainable rate will lessen price pressures in the near
future. In the last twelve months, the CPI has increased
only 4.5 percent and, in the last three months, the index
has risen at an annual rate of only 2.6 percent.
Record Income: Real per capita disposable personal income --
personal income after taxes and inflation -- has risen 20
percent during this expansion.
Higher National Saving and Investment: Partly due to the
discipline of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings process, the Federal
deficit has declined from 6.3 percent of GNP in fiscal year
1983 to 3.0 percent in FY 1989. The personal savings rate
averaged 5.3 percent over the first three quarters of 1989,
well above its recent low of 3.2 percent in 1987.
0
New Business Incorporations: During the first nine months
of 1989, 520,108 new corporations were formed. Ninety-eight
percent of these new corporations are small businesses. At
2
the same time, business failures numbered just 37,820 -- a
decline of 15.6 percent from the first nine months of 1988.
o
Improved International Trade Position: The international
trade position of the United States has improved
substantially. U.S. exports are at an all-time high and the
trade deficit (as measured by exports minus imports) has
been cut by 30 percent from its level in 1987.
ACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
Implementing Fiscal Restraint: Throughout the year, the
Administration negotiated with Congress to pass a fiscally
responsible budget agreement that met the requirements of
the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law. As a result of the
negotiations, a series of appropriations bills and a budget
reconciliation bill were finally enacted which meet the
deficit reduction targets with no new taxes.
Enhanced Rescission Authority: On August 4, the President
endorsed the Legislative Line-Item Act of 1989 (S.1553),
providing the President with the enhanced rescission
authority. Such authority will help the President reduce
the federal deficit by allowing him to eliminate wasteful
and unnecessary spending in appropriations bills.
Capital Gains: In February, the President proposed a
carefully designed reduction in the top capital gains tax
rate. Taxpayers who held certain investments would be able
to exclude 45 percent of any gain they received from
taxation. The maximum effective rate would be reduced to 15
percent and families with incomes under $20,000 would be
exempt from capital gains taxation. The President's
proposal would promote risk taking and entrepreneurship
thereby encouraging new businesses and small business which
provide most of the new jobs to the American economy. The
rate cut would also lower the cost of capital to American
business and encourage a long-term focus for America's
savers and investors. Majorities in both Houses of Congress
are now on record in support of a capital gains tax rate
reduction and its passage will be one of the
Administration's top priorities when Congress reconvenes.
Savings and Loan Reform: The President signed the Financial
Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 on
August 9. This legislation came to grips with the serious
financial problems of the savings and loan industry, and has
helped safeguard and stabilize America's system of thrift
institutions. The President's plan, introduced in the first
days of his Administration, assures that the long developing
problems in our thrift industry will never happen again. It
14
New requirements for installation of explosive
detection devices in high-risk airports.
--
Intense international negotiations to enhance security
abroad.
--
Establishment of the President's Commission on Aviation
Security and Terrorism.
--
A proposed 17% increase in the budget for the Federal
Aviation Administration.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
Record economic growth has provided Americans with the
opportunity to invest in a brighter future. The President's
programs are designed to focus our efforts on those initiatives
most likely to continue to create growth in the years ahead.
EDUCATION
The President pledged to provide national leadership in
education reform and mobilize society to achieve literacy for all
Americans. His actions to improve education are guided by four
principles: encouraging excellence; targeting federal assistance
to those most in need; promoting flexibility and choice; and
ensuring accountability.
ACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
O
President Bush convened "The President's Education Summit
with the Governors" on September 27 and 28 in
Charlottesville, Virginia. This event marked only the third
time in U.S. history that a President has convened the
Nation's Governors to address a single issue of national
importance. The Summit brought together the President, his
Cabinet and the Governors in working groups and plenary
sessions to focus on issues of choice and restructuring,
teaching, the learning environment, governance, a
competitive workforce and life-long learning, and
postsecondary education.
--
The President and the Governors issued a Joint
Statement -- a "Jeffersonian Compact" -- committing to
four objectives for education reform in America:
establishing national education goals; increasing
flexibility in the use of Federal funds in exchange for
enhanced accountability; implementing state-by-state
15
restructuring of the education system; and measuring
performance. A commitment was made to develop national
goals and initiatives to increase flexibility and
accountability by early 1990.
On April 5, the President submitted to Congress a
comprehensive set of education initiatives, The Educational
Excellence Act of 1989. The Act proposes:
--
The Presidential Merit Schools program -- to reward
schools that are making substantial progress in raising
students' educational achievement, creating a safe and
drug-free school environment, and reducing the drop-out
rate.
--
A new Magnet Schools of Excellence program -- to
support the establishment, expansion or enhancement of
magnet schools, focusing on disciplines important to
the Nation's economic competitiveness such as math and
science, increasing parental choice and improving
quality education.
--
The Alternative Certification of Teachers and
Principals program -- to assist States interested in
broadening the pool of talent from which to recruit
teachers and principals.
:
President's Awards for Excellence in Education -- to
recognize public and private school teachers in every
state who meet the highest standards of excellence.
:
Drug-free Schools Urban Emergency Grants -- to provide
special assistance to selected urban school districts
that are disproportionately affected by drug
trafficking and abuse.
:
A National Science Scholars program -- to provide
college scholarships to high school seniors who have
excelled in the sciences and mathematics.
:
Additional Funding Authorization for Endowment Matching
Grants at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
(HBCUs) -- to strengthen HBCUs by building endowments,
an especially effective way to create financial
strength and long-term security.
On April 24, the President issued a new Executive Order on
Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Highlights of
the order include:
27
resident ownership and resident management of low
income housing.
-- Job Creation: He has also called on Congress to create
up to 50 Enterprise Zones over the next four years,
using labor and capital-based incentives to create jobs
and entrepreneurial activity in our most distressed
communities. In the hardest-hit urban areas, he has
called for a complete elimination of the capital gains
tax on certain investments in enterprise zones.
FHA Reforms: The Administration has announced major
reforms to ensure that FHA is true to its primary
mission of making housing affordable for low and
moderate income families. In record time, Congress
responded to the Administration's reform initiative and
passed legislation incorporating most of the
Administration's proposals. The President charged HUD
with finding new ways to move FHA foreclosures into the
hands of non-profit groups to help reduce homelessness
to fight inner city poverty.
Homelessness: The President requested full funding of
the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act; and, on November
9, signed a bill that substantially increased funding
for programs under the Act. As part of the HOPE
initiative, the President will request $236 million for
an initiative to reduce homelessness among the
chronically mentally ill and recovering substance
abusers through public-private partnerships.
HEAD START
The President also challenged Congress to increase funding
for Head Start by $250 million in FY 1990. This expansion would
have enabled up to 95,000 more four-year-olds to participate in
the program. Congressional action provided only $151 million of
that request which will allow the Program to serve up to 37,500
more eligible 4-year-olds.
CHILD CARE
The changing nature of American society heightens the need
for child care that suits both children's needs and families'
circumstances. President Bush wants to put choice in the hands
of parents so that they -- not government -- have the power to
select the best and safest environment for their children.
28
ACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
o
Child Care: The President transmitted to Congress a child
care package, the Working Family Child Care Assistance Act
of 1989 which:
:
Provides a new refundable child care tax credit of up
to $1000 per child under age four, for low and moderate
income working families.
-- Makes the existing Dependent Care Tax Credit
refundable.
--
Does not discriminate against religious- or family-
based child care, or against two-parent families in
which a parent works in the home and cares for the,
children.
Liability Insurance: The President has directed Secretary
of Labor Dole to examine the role played by liability
insurance in employer decisions on employer-provided child
care.
EXPANSION OF MEDICAID
The President is committed to ensuring quality health care
for disadvantaged mothers and children, the disabled, and poor,
aged Americans. To help achieve this goal, Federal spending on
Medicaid will be $39.1 billion for FY 1990, an increase of $4.3
billion, or 12.3 percent over the FY 1989 level.
ACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
Infant Mortality: President Bush has taken concrete steps
toward improving health care for at-risk populations and
toward decreasing infant mortality. This year, he asked
Congress to raise mandatory Medicaid eligibility for
pregnant women, infants and children to 130 percent of the
poverty level. Congress took action to raise the
eligibility to 133% -- consistent with the President's
proposal. In addition, he requested an expansion of
Medicaid coverage of immunizations for all children under
age 6 who are eligible for Food Stamps.
AIDS INITIATIVES
The President has made combatting AIDS a national priority.
The Administration is moving on a number of fronts in its fight
against the spread of AIDS.
21
bringing the total FY 1990 budget to over $1.5 billion.
This will add 24,000 new Federal prison beds to the
32,000 beds currently available. Each of the above
proposals for increased funding to fight violent crime
was addressed in the appropriations bills for drug-
related activities passed by Congress at the close of
the first session and signed by the President on
November 21.
THE ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY
President Bush, a life-long environmentalist, has taken
strong action to protect the environment. He has placed
environmental protection, conservation, and wise management of
our natural resources as high priorities on America's national
agenda.
ACTION BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
Clean Air Legislation: On June 12, the President announced
proposals that will take advantage of the power of the
marketplace to reduce emissions which cause acid rain, urban
smog and toxic air pollution. The proposals, the first
major overhaul of the Clean Air Act to be proposed by an
Administration in over a decade, call for a 10 million ton
reduction in SO2 emissions by the year 2000, a 2 million ton
reduction in NOx from projected levels, a 40 percent
reduction in emission of volatile organic compounds, and a
reduction of 75 to 90 percent in air toxic emissions. The
proposal also calls for the use of alternative fuels in one
million vehicles by 1997. Alternative fuels, while reducing
emissions that cause smog, will also reduce the toxic
aromatics which come from conventional gasoline. The
President submitted a comprehensive Clean Air bill to the
Congress on July 21 embodying the proposals announced on
June 12.
Clean Coal Technologies: The President proposed $710 million
in FY 1990 for the Clean Coal Technology program.
Asbestos Ban: On July 7, EPA announced an almost total
phase-out of nearly all uses of asbestos by 1997. The ban
will prohibit importation, manufacture, and processing of
asbestos, a carcinogen linked to lung cancer and
mesothelioma (lung and chest cancer).
Clean Water and Coastlines: On March 10, EPA implemented a
medical waste tracking program to track medical wastes to
ensure proper disposal and prevent ocean pollution -- a
22
major step forward in a comprehensive program to help keep
our beaches clean.
Ocean Dumping: To meet the President's commitment to end
ocean dumping, the EPA negotiated agreements with local
jurisdictions to stop dumping of sewage sludge by the end of
1991. This initiative also resulted in civil judicial or
administrative penalty actions against 61 cities in 1989.
Cleanup of Hazardous Wastes: On March 10, The President
announced he will be seeking legislation to amend the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in order to give the
United States Government authority to ban all exports of
hazardous waste unless an agreement exists with the
receiving country providing for the safe handling and
management of those wastes.
Department of Energy Facilities Cleanup: Spending has been
increased by $500 million for waste cleanup at Department of
Energy facilities. On August 31, the Energy Department
published an aggressive, five-year cleanup plan which
identifies site-by-site Departmental environmental
restoration and waste management initiatives. In addition,
the Department published a five-year Environmental
Restoration and Waste Management Research and Development
Plan which will exclusively focus its attention on
addressing the contamination problems the Energy Department
faces at its facilities. The Research and Development Plan
will be the major effort to reduce outyear costs of cleanup
of DOE facilities and should have major implications for
private technology transfer.
Superfund: The President's budget proposed $1.75 billion to
pursue an aggressive cleanup schedule of toxic waste sites;
the Administration opposed Congressional efforts to cut the
Superfund budget to $1.5 billion. On June 14, EPA
Administrator Reilly, following the President's direction,
concluded a Management Review of the Superfund Program. To
implement reforms, E.P.A. is adding five hundred people to
take aggressive enforcement action and ensure that sites are
cleaned up.
Alaskan oil Spill: The President sent a Cabinet-level team
to assess the Alaskan oil spill, and a joint federal-state
resource recovery team was convened. Vice President Quayle
twice visited the cleanup site and met with local officials
and affected businessmen. The National Transportation
Safety Board is investigating the accident. Exxon has
accepted the responsibility of paying for the cleanup, and
for employing local civilian personnel necessary to control
further damage. The Department of Transportation is heading
the Administration's cleanup efforts while the EPA is
1/5/90
Table 1. Changes in
seasonally adjusted
Item
Nov.
Dec.
Change
1982
1989
(nonferm,
88,071
109,535
Household employment. (civilian)
99,112
117,888
18,776
Including resident armed Forces
100,772
119,588
18,816
Less: Agriculture
3,510
3,197
-313
Nonagricultural self-employed
7,320
8,653
1,333
Nonagricultural unpaid family workers
363
251
-112
Private household workers
1,245
1,077
-168
Unpaid absences
2,003
2,561
558
Total
14,441
15,739
1,298
Plus: Agricultural services
445
661
216
Adjusted household employment
85,116
102,810
17,694
Total unemp rate
10.6
5.3
-5.3
Civilian whemp rate
10.8
5,3-
-5.5
NOTE: The change column does not reflect the population adjustments
introduced into the household survey in January 1986.
Table 2. Over-the-year changes in employment, not seasonally adjusted
Item
Dec.
Dec.
Change
1988
1989
Payroll jobs
107,917
110,379
2,462
Household employment
115,978
117,698
1,720
Less: Agriculture
2,870
2,862
-8
Nonagricultural self-employed
8,612
8,679
67
Nonagricultural unpaid family workers
264
237
-27
Private household workers
1,173
1,051
-122
Unpaid absences
1,584
1,871
287
Total
14,503
14,700
197
Plus: Agricultural services
509
566
57
Adjusted household employment
101,984
103,564
1,580
ER
90
TABLE B-32.-Population and the labor force. 1929-88
[Monthly data seasonally adjusted. except as noted)
Civilian labor force
Labor
Employ-
Civil-
Civil-
Civilian
Resi-
force
ment
ian
Employment
ian
noninsti-
Year or month
tutional
dent
includ-
includ-
labor
em-
ing
ing
Un-
force
ploy-
Armed
popula-
Forces
resident
resident
em-
ment/
Total
Agri-
Non-
par-
Year or month
tion
Armed
Armed
Total
cul-
agri-
ploy-
tici-
pop-
Forces
Forces
tural
cultural
ment
ula-
pation
tion
rate*
ratio
Thousands of persons 14 years of age and over
Percent
1929
49.180
47,630
1933
10,450
37.180
1.550
3.2
51.590
1939
38,760
10,090
28,670
12,830
24.9
1985: Jan
55,230
45,750
9,610
36,140
9,480
Feb
17.2
1940
55,640
47,520
1
Mar
99.840
1941
9,540
99.900
37,980
8,120
14.6
55.7
47.6
Apr
55,910
50,350
1942
9,100
41,250
98,640
5,560
9.9
56.0
50.4
May
56,410
1943
53,750
9,250
44,500
94,640
2,660
4.7
57.2
54.5
June
55.540
54,470
1944
9,080
45,390
93.220
1,070
1.9
58.7
57.6
54,630
53,960
8,950
45,010
670
1.2
58.6
July
57.9
1945
94,090
Aug
53,860
1946
52,820
8,580
44,240
103.070
1,040
1.9
57.2
57,520
56.1
Sept
55,250
1947
8,320
106,018
46,930
2,270
3.9
55.8
53.6
Oct
60,168
57,812
8,256
49,557
2,356
3.9
56.8
54.5
Nov
Dec
Thousands of persons 16 years of age and over
1986: Jan
1947
101.827
59,350
Feb
57,038
1948
7,890
103.068
49,148
2,311
3.9
58.3
60,621
56.0
Mar
58,343
1949
7,629
50,714
103.994
2,276
3.8
58.8
56.6
61.286
Apr
57,651
7,658
49,993
3,637
5.9
58.9
55.4
May
1950
104.995
1.169
63.377
60,087
62,208
58,918
1951
7,160
51,758
104.621
3,288
2,143
5.2
5.3
June
64,160
62,104
59.2
56.1
62,017
1952
59,961
6,726
105.231
53,235
2,386
2,055
64,524
3.2
3.3
62,636
59.2
62,138
57.3
1953
60,250
July
6,500
107.056
53,749
2,231
1,883
65,246
2.9
3.0
63,410
59.0
57.3
63,015
61,179
6,260
Aug
1954
108.321
54,919
2,142
1.834
65,785
2.8
2.9
62,251
58.9
63,643
57.1
Sept
1955
60,109
6,205
53,904
109.683
2.064
3,532
67.087
5.4
5.5
58.8
64,234
55.5
65,023
Oct
62,170
1956
6,450
110.954
55,722
1.965
2,852
68,517
4.3
4.4
65,764
59.3
66,552
56.7
63,799
Nov
1957
6,283
112,265
57,514
1,948
2.750
68,877
4.0
66,019
4.1
60.0
66,929
57.5
1958
64,071
Dec
5,947
58,123
113,727
1,847
2,859
4.2
69,486
4.3
64,883
59.6
67,639
57.1
63,036
1959
5,586
115,329
57,450
1,788
4,602
70,157
6.6
6.8
59.5
66,418
68,369
55.4
1987: Jan
64,630
5,565
59.065
3,740
5.3
5.5
59.3
56.0
Feb
1960
117.245
1,861
71,489
67,639
69,628
65,778
Mar
1961
5,458
118.771
60,318
3,852
1,900
72,359
5.4
5.5
67,646
59.4
70,459
56.1
1962
65,746
Apr
5,200
120.153
60,546
2.061
4,714
72.675
6.5
6.7
68,763
59.3
70,614
55.4
66,702
4,944
May
1963
61.759
122,416
2.006
3,911
73,839
5.4
5.5
69,768
58.8
71.833
55.5
67,762
June
1964
4,687
63,076
124,485
4,070
2.018
75,109
5.5
71,323
5.7
58.7
73,091
55.4
69,305
1965
4,523
126,513
64,782
1.946
3,786
76,401
5.0
5.2
73,034
58.7
55.7
July
74,455
1966
71,088
4,361
66.726
128,058
3,366
2.122
77.892
4.4
4.5
75,017
58.9
56.2
Aug
75,770
72,895
1967
3,979
129,874
68,915
2,875
2.218
79,565
3.7
3.8
76,590
59.2
77.347
56.9
Sept
74,372
1968
3,844
132,028
70,527
2.253
2,975
3.7
80,990
3.8
78,173
59.6
57.3
Oc:
78,737
1969
75,920
3,817
72,103
134.335
2,238
2,817
82,972
3.5
3.6
80,140
59.6
57.5
Nov
80,734
77,902
3,606
74,296
2,832
3.4
3.5
60.1
58.0
Dec
1970
137,085
2.118
84,889
80,796
82,771
1971
78,678
3,463
75,215
140,216
4,093
1,973
86.355
4.8
4.9
60.4
57.4
1
1988: Jan
81,340
84,382
1972°
79,367
3,394
144,126
75,972
5,016
1,813
88.847
5.8
5.9
83,966
60.2
56.6
FED
87.034
1973
82,153
3,484
147,996
78,669
1224
4,882
5.5
5.6
60.4
89,429
57.0
Mar
86,838
85,064
1974
3,470
150.120
01:504
1,721
4,365
93,670
88,515
91.949
1
60.8
57.8
Apr
86,794
1975
3,515
153,153
83,279
1.678
95.453
5,156
5.5
87,524
5.6
93,775
61.3
57.8
May
1976
85,846
3,408
156.150
82,438
7,929
1.668
97,826
8.3
90,420
8.5
61.2
56.1
June
96,158
1977
88,752
3,331
159,033
85,421
1,656
7,406
100.665
7.6
7.7
93,673
61.6
99,009
56.8
1978
92,017
3,283
161.910
88,734
1.631
6,991
6.9
103,882
97,679
7.1
62.3
102,251
57.9
July
1979
96,048
3.387
164,863
92,661
6.202
1,597
106,559
6.0
100.421
6.1
63.2
59.3
Aug
104,962
98,824
3,347
95,477
6,137
5.8
5.8
Sept
63.7
59.9
1980
167,745
Oct
1,604
108,544
100,907
106,940
1981
99,303
3,364
95,938
170,130
1.645
7,637
110,315
7.0
7.1
102,042
63.8
108,670
59.2
Nov
1982
100,397
3,368
172.271
97,030
8,273
1.668
7.5
111.872
7.6
101.194
63.9
110,204
59.0
1983
99,526
3,401
174.215
96,125
10,678
1.676
113.226
9.5
102,510
9.7
64.0
57.8
111,550
1984
100,834
Not seasona
3,383
176,383
97,450
1.697
10,717
115.241
9.5
106,702
9.6
64.0
113,544
57.9
1985
105,005
3,321
101,685
2 Unemployed
178,206
8,539
1,706
117.167
7.4
108.856
7.5
64.4
115,461
59.5
1986
6
107,150
3,179
103,971
3 Unemployed
180,587
8,312
1.706
7.1
119,540
111,303
7.2
64.8
117,834
60.1
1987
109,597
3,163
4 Civilian labo
182,753
106,434
8,237
1,737
121,602
6.9
7.0
114,177
65.3
119,865
60.7
112,440
3,208
5 Civilian emp
109,232
7,425
6.1
6.2
65.6
61.5
1984 Jan
6 Not strictly
175,533
1,686
113.899
104,883
112.213
103,197
3,296
99.901
9,016
7.9
8.0
data added abov
Feb
175.679
1,684
114,314
105,511
63.9
112,630
58.8
103,827
Mar
175.824
3,354
100,473
8,803
1,686
7.7
7.8
inclusion of Alas
114,397
105,659
112,711
64.1
103,973
59.1
Apr
3,234
-175.969
100,739
8,738
1,693
7.6
114,822
106,058
7.8
64.1
59.1
Beginning 1962.
113,129
104,365
May
3,309
176,123
101,056
8,764
1.690
115,310
7.6
106,849
7.7
64.3
59.3
Beginning 1972
113,620
105,159
3,319
-101,840
8,461
7.3
7.4
64.5
force and emplo
June
176,284
1.690
115,521
107,300
113,831
59.7
105,610
3,377
102,233
8,221
7.1
7.2
64.6
59.9
Beginning 1978
July
176,440
force and to en
1.698
115,645
107,127
113,947
105,429
Aug
3,340
176,583
102,089
8,518
1,712
115.404
7.4
106,879
7.5
64.6
113,692
59.8
population conti
105,167
Sept
3,295
176,763
101,872
1.720
8,525
115,556
7.4
107,198
7.5
64.4
59.6
levels and rates
113,836
Oct
105,478
176.956
3,388
102,090
1.705
8,358
115,720
7.2
107,339
7.3
64.4
114,015
59.7
105,634
Note.-Labor
Nov
177.135
3,195
102,439
8,381
1.699
115.884
7.2
7.4
107,684
64.4
114,185
59.7
Dec
105,985
the 12th of the
177,306
3,400
102.585
1.698
8,200
116,268
7.1
107,910
7.2
114,570
64.5
59.8
106,212
3,387
102.825
etc., see "Emplo
8,358
7.2
7.3
64.6
59.9
Source: Depar
See next page for continuation of table
73
1/16/90
Producer Consumer
year
% chg Tec to Dec
1980
11.8
12.5.
81
7.1
8.9.
82
3.6
3.8.
83
.6
.
3.8.
84
1.7
3.9
1985
1.8.
3.8
86
-2.3.
111
87
2.2.
4.4.
88
4.0
4.4
89
4.8
11 4.6
!! Dec 1988 to nov 1989 at Dears. any
annual rate
1/3/90
3-month
High-
Mortgage
Dis-
CoΓpo-
U.S. Treasury constant
grade
Dow-Jones
commit-
Period
Federal
count
Prime
Commer-
CDs
Treas.
rate
maturities
muni-
indus-
ment
funds
rate
rate
cial
(sec-
bills,
Aaa
cipal
trials
rate
1/
FRB-NY
2/
paper
ondary
market
bonds
3 year
10 year
30 year
bonds
(Level)
(FHLMC)
2/
3/
mkt)
yld 3/
(Moody's)
(S&P) 41
5/
Jan
6.83
6.00-6.00
8.75-8.75
6.87
6.92
5.81
9.88
7.87
8.67
8.83
7.81
1,947.35
10.43
Feb
6.58
6.00-6.00
8.75-8.50
6.58
6.60
5.66
9.40
7.38
8.21
8.43
7.55
1,980.65
9.89
Mar
6.58
6.00-6.00
8.50-8.50
6.62
6.63
5.70
9.39
7.50
8.37
8.63
7.80
2,044.31
9.93
Apr
6.87
6.00-6.00
8.50-8.50
6.86
6.92
5.91
9.67
7.83
8.72
8.95
7.91
2,036.13
10.20
May
7.09
6.00-6.00
8.50-9.00
7.19
7.24
6.26
9.90
8.24
9.09
9.23
8.01
1,988.91
10.46
June
7.51
6.00-6.00
9.00-9.00
7.49
7.51
6.46
9.86
8.22
8.92
9.00
7.86
2,104.94
10.46
July
7.75
6.00-6.00
9.00-9.50
7.82
7.94
6.73
9.96
8.44
9.06
9.14
7.87
2,104.22
10.43
Aug
8.01
6.00-6.50
9.50-10.00
8.26
8.35
7.06
10.11
8.77
9.26
9.32
7.86
2,051.29
10.60
Sept
8.19
6.50-6.50
10.00-10.00
8.17
8.23
7.24
9.82
8.57
8.98
9.06
7.71
2,080.06
10.48
Oct
8.30
6.50-6.50
10.00-10.00
8.24
8.36
7.35
9.51
8.43
8.80
8.89
7.54
2,144.31
10.30
Nov
8.35
6.50-6.50
10.00-10.50
8.66
8.78
7.76
9.45
8.72
8.96
9.02
7.58
2,099.04
10.27
Dec
8.76
6.50-6.50
10.50-10.50
9.11
9.25
8.07
9.57
9.11
9.11
9.01
7.66
2,148.58
10.61
198.
Jan
9.12
6.50-6.50
10.50-10.50
9.04
9.20
8.27
9.62
9.20
9.09
8.93
7.41
2,234.68
10.73
Feb
9.36
6.50-7.00
10.50-11.50
9.37
9.51
8.53
9.64
9.32
9.17
9.01
7.47
2,304.30
10.65
Mar
9.85
7.00-7.00
11.50-11.50
9.95
10.09
8.82
9.80
9.61
9.36
9.17
7.61
2,283.11
11.03
Apr
9.84
7.00-7.00
11.50-11.50
9.81
9.94
8.65
9.79
9.40
9.18
9.03
7.49
2,348.91
11.05
May
9.81
7.00-7.00
11.50-11.50
9.47
9.59
8.43
9.57
8.98
8.86
8.83
7.25
2,439.55
10.77
June
9.53
7.00-7.00
11.50-11.00
9.11
9.20
8.15
9.10
8.37
8.28
8.27
6.97
2,494.90
10.20
July
9.24
7.00-7.00
11.00-10.50
8.68
8.76
7.88
8.93
7.83
8.02
8.08
6.97
2,554.03
9.88
Aug
8.99
7.00-7.00
10.50-10.50
8.57
8.64
7.90
8.96
8.13
8.11
8.12
7.08
2,691.11
9.99
Sept
9.02
7.00-7.00
10.50-10.50
8.70
8.78
7.75
9.01
8.26
8.19
8.15
7.27
2,693.41
10.13
Oct
8.84
7.00-7.00
10.50-10.50
8.53
8.60
7.64
8.92
8.02
8.01
8.00
7.22
2,692.01
9.95
Nov
8.55
7.00-7.00
10.50-10.50
8.35
8.39
7.69
8.89
7.80
7.87
7.90
7.13
2,642.49
9.77
Dec
8.45-
7.00-7.00
10.50-10.50
8.29
8.32
7.63
8.86
7.77.
7.84
7.90
7.01
2,728.47
9.74
1/ Average effective rate. 2/ Opening and closing rate for month. 3/ Bank-discount basis.
4/ Data are for Wednesday. 5/ Commitment rate on 80 percent, 30-year, fixed rate conventional
mortgages on new and used homes.
cc
one
sec
1989
issue
DISPOSITION OF PERSONAL INCOME
Real per capita disposable personal income rose in the third quarter of 1989.
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE)
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE)
4,000
4,000
3,800
3,800
2
3,400
3,400
DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME
3,000
3,000
2,600
2,600
PERSONAL OUTLAYS
2,200
SAVING
2,200
1,800
1,800
1,400
1,400
DOLLARS * (RATIO SCALE)
DOLLARS . (RATIO SCALE)
16,000
16,000
PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME
14,000
CURRENT DOLLARS
14,000
12,000
12,000
10,000
10,000
1982 DOLLARS
8,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Dispos-
Per capita personal
Percent
Population.
Less:
Equals:
able
consumption
change in
Saving as
including
Personal
Personal
Less:
Disposable
Equals:
personal
expenditures
real per
percent of
Armed
Period
tax and
income
Personal
Personal
income in
personal
capita
dispozable
Forces
nontax
outlays
1
income
saving
1982
Current
Current
1982
disposable
personal
abroad
payments
dollars
dollars
dollars
personal
income
(thou-
dollars
(billions)
income
sands) 3
Billions of dollars
Dollars
Percent
1980
2,258.5
340.5
1,918.0
1,781.1
136.9
2,214.3
8,421
7,607
8,783
-1.1
7.1
227,754
1981
2,520.9
393.3
2,127.6
1,968.1
159.4
2,248.6
9,243
8,320
8,794
.5
7.5
230,182
1982
2,670.8
409.3
2,261.4
2,107.5
153.9
2,261.5
9,724
8,818
8,818
-.5
6.8
232,549
1983
2,838.6
410.5
2,428.1
2,297.4
130.6
2,331.9
10,340
9,515
9,139
2.1
5.4
234,829
1984
3,108.7
440.2
2,668.6
2,504.5
164.1
2,469.8
11,257
10,253
9,489
4.9
6.1
237,051
1985
3,325.3
486.6
2,838.7
2,713.3
125.4
2,542.8
11,861
10,985
9,839
2.0
4.4
239,322
1986
3,526.2
512.9
3,013.3
2,888.5
124.9
2,635.3
12,469
11,576
10,123
2.6
4.1
241,660
1987
3,777.6
571.7
3,205.9
3,104.1
101.8
2,676.6
13,140
12,340
10,303
.6
3.2
243,985
1988
4,064.5
586.6
3,477.8
3,333.1
144.7
2,793.2
14.116
13,131
10,546
3.3
4.2
246,378
1/16/90
1989
at annual of 1st rate
av
Beasonally adjusted annual rates
11,655.
1982: IV
2,729.2
411.1
2,318.1
2,174.9
143.1
2,276.1
9,929
9,749
9,068
8,904
1.2
6.2
233,466
1983:
IV
2,941.8
413.9
2,527.9
2,382.5
145.4
2,392.7
10,725
10,151
9,825
9,299
9.1
5.8
235,707
1984: IV
3,188.3
459.7
2,728.6
2,571.3
157.3
2,496.3
11,467
10,491
10,479
9,587
1.7
5.8
237,946
1985: IV
3,399.1
499.6
2,899.5
2,787.7
111.7
2,562.8
12,068
10,667
11,240
9,935
3.3
3.9
240,257
1986: IV
3,597.8
534.4
3,063.4
2,961.4
102.0
2,646.2
12,629
10,909
11,825
10,214
.3
3.3
242,579
1987: IV
3,908.7
589.2
3,319.4
3,177.6
141.8
2,726.2
13,552
11,130
12,588
10,339
6.6
4.3
244,936
1988:
I
3,948.5
572.2
3,376.4
3,244.4
131.9
2,757.2
13,754
11,232
12,824
10,473
3.7
3.9
245,476
II
4,026.6
590.7
3,435.9
3,301.9
134.0
2,773.3
13,966
11,273
13,028
10,515
1.5
3.9
246,008
III
4,097.6
585.9
3,511.7
3,362.1
149.6
2,806.4
14,235
11,377
13,229
10,573
3.7
4.3
246,685
IV
4,185.2
597.8
3,587.4
3,424.0
163.4
2,835.9
14,504
11,466
13,439
10,624
3.2
4.6
247,343
1989: I
4,317.8
628.3
3,689.5
3,483.8
205.7
2,881.7
14,884
11,625
13,641
10,654
5.7
5.6
247,890
II
4,400.3
652.6
3,747.7
3,547.0
200.7
2,887.6
15,084
11,622
13,862
10,681
-.1
5.4
248,456
III'
4,455.9
649.1
3,806.8
3,611.7
195.1
2,919.2
15,280
11,717
14,081
10,797
3.3
5.1
249,143
1 Includes personal consumption expenditures, interest paid by consumers to business. and person-
Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis and Bureau of the Census).
al transier payments to foreigners (net).
1 Annual data are averages of quarterly data, which are averages for the period.
6
September 1989
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
55
Many
Personal consumption expenditures
Net exports
Government purchases of
Percent change from
goods and services
Gross
preceding period
Final
domestic
Gross
Year and
GNP
Nondur-
Duruble
Nonresi-
Residen-
State
sales
pur-
quarter
Total
able
Services
TOTAL
CBI
Net
Exports
Imports
Final
domestic
dential
tial
Total
Federal
and
chases
GNP
goods
sales
pur-
goods
local
chases
A
1929
709.6
471.4
40.3
211.4
219.7
1392
93.0
35.4
10.8
4.7
42.1
37.4
94.2
18.3
75.9
698.7
704.9
at
203.1
204.8
975
76.9
21.5
-.9
2.3
35.6
33.3
103.3
20.6
82.7
643.6
640.5
-9.4
-7.9
-9.1
1930
642.8
439.7
31.9
588.1
422.1
27.5
201.7
193.0
60.2
49.4
17.9
-7.1
-1.0
29.3
30.4
106.8
21.2
85.6
595.2
589.1
-8.5
-7.5
-8.0
1931
187.0
176.9
226
29.6
9.4
-16.4
-.5
23.2
23.7
102.2
21.9
80.3
525.6
509.7
-13.4
-11.7
-13.5
1932
509.2
384.9
21.0
498.5
378.7
20.7
181.8
176.2
#22,7
25.8
7.7
-10.7
-1.4
22.7
24.2
98.5
27.0
71.5
509.2
499.9
-2.1
-3.1
-1.9
1933
192.4
174.7
3513
32.4
10.5
-7.6
.1
24.7
24.6
110.7
34.7
76.1
544.3
536.5
7.7
6.9
7.3
1934
536.7
390.5
23.4
580.2
412.1
28.9
201.5
181.7
609
40.0
14.7
6.2
-5.9
26.6
32.5
113.0
34.1
79.0
574.0
586.1
8.1
5.5
9.2
1935
224.3
191.4
$2.1
54.4
18.7
9.0
-4.2
28,4
32.5
132.5
53.6
78.9
653.1
666.3
14.1
13.8
13.7
1936
662.2
451.6
35.9
695.3
467.9
37.7
232.8
197.4
9919
65.5
20.2
14.1
-.3
35.7
35.9
127.8
48.9
79.0
681.2
695.6
5.0
4.3
4.4
1937
235.4
191.3
6351
48.8
20.4
-6.0
6.0
34.1
28.1
137.9
55.0
82.9
670.2
658.2
-4.5
-1.6
-5.4
1938
664.2
457.1
30.4
716.6
480.5
35.7
248.0
196.7
$6.0
53.2
28.9
3.9
6.1
36.2
30.1
144.1
53.8
90.3
712.7
710.5
7.9
6.3
7.9
1939
259.4
202.7
11111
65.0
32.5
14.4
8.2
40.0
31.7
150.2
63.6
86.6
758.5
764.6
7.8
6.4
7.6
1940
772.9
502.6
40,6
909.4
531.1
46,2
275.6
209.3
138.8
76.6
34.4
27.8
3.9
42.0
38.2
235.6
153.0
82.6
881.6
905.5
17.7
16.2
18.4
1941
279.1
217.2
767
47.4
17.3
12.0
-7.7
29.1
36.9
483.7
407.1
76.7
1,068.3
1,088.0
18.8
21.2
20.1
1942
1,080.3
527.6
31.3
1,276.2
539.9
28.1
284.7
227.2
50.4
39.4
10.4
.7
-23.0
25.1
48.0
708.9
638.1
70.8
1,275.5
1,299.2
18.1
19.4
19.4
1943
297.9
232.9
56.4
52.6
9.0
-5.2
-23.8
27.3
51.1
790.8
722.5
68.3
1,385.7
1,404.3
8.2
8.6
8.1
1944
1,380.6
557.1
26.3
163
1,354.8
592.7
28.7
323.5
240.5
76.5
74.2
10.7
-8.4
-18.9
35.2
54.1
704.5
634.0
70.5
1,363.3
1,373.7
-1.9
-1.6
-2.2
1945
262.9
178.1
105.5
44.7
27.9
27.0
69.0
42.0
236.9
159.3
77.6
1,069.0
1,069.9
-19.0
-21.6
-22.1
1946
1,096.9
655.0
47.8
344.2
1,066.7
666.6
56.5
337.4
272.6
177.9
121.7
57.2
-1.0
42.4
82.3
39.9
179.8
91.9
87.9
1,067.7
1,024.3
-2.8
-.1
-4.3
1947
281.4
208.2
127.4
68.6
12.3
19.2
66.2
47.1
199.5
106.1
93.4
1,096.4
1,089.5
3.9
2.7
6.4
1948
1,108.7
681.8
61.7
338.7
1,109.0
695.4
67.8
342.3
285.3
1688
114.8
63.6
-9.7
18.8
65.0
46.2
226.0
119.5
106.5
1,118.7
1,090.2
0
2.0
.1
1949
299.8
234.9
124.0
86.7
24.2
4.7
59.2
54.6
230.8
116.7
114.2
1,179.5
1,199.0
8.5
5.4
10.0
1950
1,203.7
733.2
80.7
352.8
1,328.2
748.7
74.7
362.9
311.1
2352
131.7
72.6
30.8
14.6
72.0
57.4
329.7
214.4
115.4
1,297.4
1,313.6
10.3
10.0
9.6
1951
321.9
2118
130.6
71.2
10.0
6.9
70.1
63.3
389.9
272.7
117.3
1,370.0
1,373.1
3.9
5.6
4.5
1952
1,380.0
771.4
73.0
376.6
1,435.3
802.5
80.2
388.2
334.1
2164
140.1
73.8
2.8
-2.7
66.9
69.7
419.0
295.9
123.1
1,432.5
1,438.0
4.0
4.6
4.7
1953
347.4
212.6
137.5
79.8
-4.8
2.5
70.0
67.5
378.4
245.0
133.4
1,421.0
1,413.7
-1.3
-.8
-1.7
1954
1,416.2
822.7
81.5
393.8
you
1,494.9
873.8
96.9
413.2
363.6
239.8
151.0
92.4
16.3
0
76.9
76.9
361.3
217.9
143.4
1,478.6
1,494.9
5.6
4.1
5.7
1955
257 $
160.4
84.4
12.9
4.3
87.9
83.6
363.7
215.4
148.3
1,512.7
1,521.3
2.1
2.3
1.8
1956
1,525.6
899.8
92.8
426.9
380.1
1957
1,551.1
919.7
92.4
434.7
392.6
143.4
161.1
79.3
3.0
7.0
94.9
87.9
381.1
224.1
157.0
1,548.1
1,544.2
1.7
2.3
1.5
221.4
143.9
81.0
-3.4
-10.3
82.4
92.8
395.3
224.9
170.4
1,542.6
1,549.6
-.8
-.4
.4
1958
1,539.2
932.9
86.9
439.9
406.1
1959
1,629.1
979.4
96.9
455.8
426.7
27015
153.6
100.2
16.5
-18.2
83.7
101.9
397.7
221.5
176.2
1,612.6
1,647.3
5.8
4.5
6.3
2605
159.4
93.3
7.7
-4.0
98.4
102.4
403.7
220.6
183.1
1,657.5
1,669.3
2.2
2.8
1.3
1960
1,665.3
1,005.1
98.0
463.3
443.9
1961
1,708.7
1,025.2
93.6
470.1
461.4
25911
158.2
93.6
7.3
-2.7
100.7
103.3
427.1
232.9
194.2
1,701.4
1,711.3
2.6
2.6
2.5
288.6
170.2
102.2
16.2
-7.5
106.9
114.4
449.4
249.3
200.1
1,783.3
1,807.0
5.3
4.8
5.6
1962
1,799.4
1,069.0
103.0
484.2
481.8
1963
1,873.3
1,108.4
111.8
494.3
502.3
307.1
176.6
113.9
16.6
-1.9
114.7
116.6
459.8
247.8
212.0
1,856.7
1,875.3
4.1
4.1
3.8
325.0
194.9
115.3
15.7
5.9
128.8
122.8
470.8
244.2
226.6
1,957.6
1,967.3
5.3
5.4
4.9
1964
1,973.3
1,170.6
120.8
517.5
532.3
Fort
1965
2,087.6
1,236.4
134.6
543.2
558.5
367.0
227.6
114.2
25.2
-2.7
132.0
134.7
487.0
244.4
242.5
2,062.4
2,090.3
5.8
5.4
6.3
250.4
103.2
36.9
-13.7
138.4
152.1
532.6
273.8
258.8
2,171.5
2,222.1
5.8
5.3
6.3
1966
2,208.3
1,298.9
144.4
569.3
585.3
890.5
1967
2,271.4
1,337.7
146.2
579.2
612.3
374.4
245.0
100.6
28.8
-16.9
143.6
160.5
576.2
304.4
271.8
2,242.6
2,288.3
2.9
3.3
3.0
3918
116.2
21.0
-29.7
155.7
185.3
597.6
309.6
288.0
2,344.6
2,395.3
4.1
4.5
4.7
1968
2,365.6
1,405.9
161.6
602.4
641.8
254.5
1969
2,423.3
1,456.7
167.8
617.2
671.7
4103
269.7
115.4
25.1
-34.9
165.0
199.9
591.2
295.6
295.6
2,398.1
2,458.1
2.4
2.3
2.6
38115
109.3
8.2
-30.0
178.3
208.3
572.6
268.3
304.3
2,407.9
2,446.2
-.3
.4
-.5
1970
2,416.2
1,492.0
162.5
632.5
697.0
264.0
1971
2,484.8
1,538.8
178.3
640.3
720.2
419.3
258.4
141.3
19.6
-39.8
179.2
218.9
566.5
250.6
315.9
2,465.2
2,524.6
2.8
2.4
3.2
277.0
166.6
21.8
-49.4
195.2
244.6
570.7
246.0
324.7
2,586.8
2,658.0
5.0
4.9
5.3
1972
2,608.5
1,621.9
200.4
665.5
756.0
465.4
1973
2,744.1
1,689.6
220.3
683.2
786.1
520.8
317.3
163.4
40.0
-31.5
242.3
273.8
565.3
230.0
335.3
2,704.1
2,775.7
5.2
4.5
4.4
317.8
130.2
33.3
.8
269.1
268.4
573.2
226.4
346.8
2,696.0
2,728.5
-.5
-.3
-1.7
1974
2,729.3
1,674.0
204.9
666.1
803.1
4813
1975
2,695.0
1,711.9
205.6
676.5
829.8
383.3
281.2
114.9
-12.8
18.9
259.7
240.8
580.9
226.3
354.6
2,707.8
2,676.1
-1.3
.4
-1.9
453.5
140.8
22.1
-11.0
274.4
285.4
580.3
224.2
356.0
2,804.6
2,837.7
4.9
3.6
6.0
1976
2,826.7
1,803.9
232.3
708.8
862.8
290.6
1977
2,958.6
1,883.8
253.9
731.4
898.5
521.3
324.0
168.1
29.1
-35.5
281.6
317.1
589.1
231.8
357.2
2,929.5
2,994.1
4.7
4.5
5.5
362.1
178.0
36.8
-26.8
312.6
339.4
604.1
233.7
370.4
3,078.4
3,142.0
5.3
5.1
4.9
1978
3,115.2
1,961.0
267.4
753.7
939.8
570.9
1979
3,192.4
2,004.4
266.5
766.6
971.2
5752
389.4
170.8
15.0
3.6
356.8
353.2
609.1
236.2
373.0
3,177.4
3,188.8
2.5
3.2
1.5
379.2
137.0
-6.9
57.0
388.9
332.0
620.5
246.9
373.6
3,194.0
3,130.1
-.2
.5
-1.8
1980
3,187.1
2,000.4
245.9
762.6
991.9
5093
1981
3,248.8
2,024.2
250.8
764.4
1,009.0
545.5
395.2
126.5
23.9
49.4
392.7
343.4
629.7
259.6
370.1
3,225.0
3,199.4
1.9
1.0
2.2
366.7
105.1
-24.5
26.3
361.9
335.6
641.7
272.7
369.0
3,190.5
3,139.7
-2.5
-1.1
-1.9
1982
3,166.0
2,050.7
252.7
771.0
1,027.0
4478
1983
3,279.1
2,146.0
283.1
800.2
1,062.7
5040
361.2
149.3
-6.4
-19.9
348.1
368.1
649.0
275.1
373.9
3,285.5
3,299.1
3.6
3.0
5.1
425.2
170.9
62.3
-84.0
371.8
455.8
677.7
290.8
387.0
3,439.1
3,585.4
6.8
4.7
8.7
1984
3,501.4
2,249.3
323.1
825.9
1,100.3
658.4
1985
3,618.7
2,354.8
355.1
847.4
1,152.3
637.0
453.5
174.4
9.1
-104.3
367.2
471.4
731.2
326.0
405.2
3,609.6
3,723.0
3.4
5.0
3.8
438.4
195.7
5.6
-129.7
397.1
526.9
761.6
334.1
427.5
3,712.4
3,847.6
2.7
2.8
3.3
1986
3,717.9
2,446.4
384.4
878.1
1,183.8
6396
1987
3,853.7
2,513.7
389.6
890.4
1,233.7
G.O
455.5
194.8
23.7
-115.7
450.9
566.6
781.8
339.6
442.1
3,830.0
3,969.4
3.7
3.2
3.2
493.8
194.1
27.9
-74.9
530.1
605.0
785.1
328.9
456.2
3,996.5
4,099.3
4,4
4.3
3.3
1988
4,024.4
2,598.4
413.6
904.5
1,280.2
7158
17.0
178.2
1,644.9
1,681.0
7.0
5.2
5.4
20.4
182.2
1,659.5
1,673.8
-1.1
3.6
-1.7
21.8
185.0
1,657.6
1,670.8
,.4
-.5
-.7
02/02/1990 16:51 FROM USDA/ECON RM. 227E
TO
94566218 P.01
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS STAFF
FAX TRANSMITTAL
DATE:
2-2-90
SUBJECT:
FARM INCOME II
TO:
FROM:
Name: Stephame Blessey Name:
Jim VERTREES
Company:
Company:
USPA/ERS
Telephone: 4567750 Telephone: 4754587
FAX No. :
45662'8 FAX No.: :
475 49.5
MESSAGE:
Ceo discussed
NUMBER OF PAGES BEING SENT, INCLUDING THIS COVER SHEET: 2
02/02/1990 16:52 FROM USDA/ECON RM. 227E
TO
94566218 P.02
able income. Marketing receipts should
Despite the tightening in some interna-
climb, reflecting larger commodity out-
tional markets, U.S. grain and oilseed
put and higher prices for some commodi-
exports will face increased competition
ties. At the same time, lower feed costs
from expanded production in other coun-
will help stabilize livestock production
tries. U.S. grain exports will be down
expenses.
slightly because of rebounding crops and
exports in Canada and Argentina, near-
Even with smaller direct government pay-
record exports by the EC, and tighter
ments, farmers' net cash income will
U.S. food grain supplies.
range between $52 and $57 billion in
1990 This would be 2 to 4 percent
U.S. soybean exports will face record
higher than USDA's latest estimate for
South American production. A smaller
1989. Net farm income, however, is
crop is likely in Brazil, but the Argentine
expected to be $44-$49 billion, 2 to 5 per
crop will be up sharply with expanded
cent below 1989's record.
acreage and higher yields. Early indica-
tions point to a record low for the U.S.
Most prices likely will be casing by the
share of the world market. In contrast to
time the 1990 crop is harvested in the
grains and soybeans. the U.S. share of
fall, accounting for the slight estimated
the world cotton market is expected to
drop in net farm income.
recover from a year earlier.
Agricultural Economy
Net farm income is an estimate of the
The global wheat outlook for 1989/90 is
value of production plus direct govern-
highlighted by record production, a sligh
ment payments less all costs in a calen-
drop in world trade, and a further decline
Global Output and
dar year, while net cash income reflects
in stocks. Much of the gain in world pro
Farmers' Cash Incomes
estimates of cash receipts plus govern-
duction is being offset by lower begin-
To Rise
ment payments less out-of-pocket
ning stocks, leaving supplies up only
expenses.
marginally. With 1989/90 use advancin
to a record. ending stocks will drop agail
The world agricultural outlook is charac-
For U.S. consumers, record meat produc-
terized by rebounding commodity out-
tion, higger crops, and slowing inflation
The outlook for U.S. wheat in 1989/90 il
put, rising consumption, and falling crop
will hold retail food price increases to 3
for higher output, lower beginning
stocks in 1989/90. World crop produc-
to 5 percent in 1990. In 1989, food
stocks, smaller exports, and possibly the
tion is recovering from 1988/89's
prices probably rose nearly 6 percent,
smallest ending stocks since 1974/75.
reduced level. But for most crops, pro-
because of lingering effects of the 1988
duction will not match continued high
drought in the first half.
Global rice production in 1989/90 is for
use.
cast at a record, up 2 percent from last
In 1990, world animal product output
U.S. crop output is likely to increase in
season's bumper crop. Large harvests
1990 as acreage expands and yields trend
are expected in China, Bangladesh, Indo
will expand slightly, led by much larger
higher. In the 1990's, export demand for
nesia, Victnam, and Thailand. Given nc
U.S. poultry production. World com-
modity consumption will reach a record
U.S. agricultural products should expand
mal weather, global rice production
in response to continued economic and
as economic growth and GATT trade
should expand in 1990/91 and prices
reform widen international markets.
decline further.
population growth. Commodity prices
will be supported by strong demand and
U.S. rice production and stocks are dow
declining stocks of most crops. although
from a year earlier, especially for long
feed grain and oilseed prices will con-
Despite Higher Global Consumption,
grain. U.S. exports rose 19 percent in
tinue easing from 1988/89's drought-
Export Competition Is Strong
1988/89 from a year earlier. Exports as
driven levels.
forecast to fall to 79 million CWI in
1989/90 because of an expected decline
In 1990/91. assuming trend yields, U.S.
World commodity consumption is mov-
ing to record levels and will exceed pro-
in world imports.
and foreign production of many crops
duction for most crops. Use is
could rise again, and some stock rebuild-
ing may take place. Farmers will be
responding to three factors:
The global coarse grain outlook for
real economic growth of 3 to 3-1/2
1989/90 is for larger supplies but a fur-
responding to prices that are likely still
ther decline in ending stocks. World
to be above predrought levels and to loos-
percent,
coarse grain trade will continue to rise,
ened acreage reduction requirements for
wheat and cotton in the U.S.
following last year's 13-percent increas
meat output 1 percent larger, spur-
Bigger imports by the USSR, South
Korea, China, and several lesser import
Marketing Receipts
ring demand for feed grains, and
ers are forecast to result in the largest
To Go Up
world coarse grain trade since 1984/85.
This outlook suggests that U.S. farmers
population growth of about 1.7 per-
U.S. exports are forecast up around 4
can look forward to another year of favor-
cent.
percent.
2
Agricultural Outk
02/02/1990
16:53
FROM USDA/ECON RM. 227E
TO
94566218 P.03
im
Income
pie 32.-Farm Income Statistics
Calendar year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989 F
1990 F
$ billion
Farm receipts
142.0
144.1
147.1
141.1
166.8
149.1
140.6
145.3
157.2
164
165 to 170
Crops (incl. net CCC loans)
71.7
72.5
72.3
67.1
69.5
74.3
64.0
63.8
72.6
75
77 to 80
Livestock
68.0
69.2
70.3
69.4
73.0
69.8
71.5
75.7
78.9
83
80 to 83
Farm related 1/
2.3
2.5
4,5
4.5
4,4
5.0
5.1
5.8
5.7
$
5 to 7
Direct Government payments
1.3
1.9
3.5
9.3
8.4
7.7
11.8
16.7
14.5
11
8 to 11
Cash payments
1.3
1.9
3.5
4,1
4.0
7.6
8.1
6.6
7.1
10
7 to 9
Value of PIK commodities
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
4.5
0.1
3.7
10.1
7.4
1
1 to 2
Total gross farm iner e (4+5+6) 2/
149.3
166.4
163.5
153.1
174.9
166.4
160.4
171.6
177.6
190
185 to 190
Gross cash income
2)
143.3
146.0
150.6
150.4
155.2
156.9
152.5
162.0
171.6
174
173 to 178
Nonmoney income 3/
12.3
13.8
14.3
13.5
13.4
11,8
10.6
10.0
10.3
10
9 to 11
value of inventory change
-6.3
6.5
-1.4
-10.9
6.3
-2.4
-2.7
..4
-4.3
$
1 to 3
Cash expenses 41
109.1
113,2
112.8
113.5
116.6
110.2
100.7
107.5
114.4
121
119 to 122
Total expenses
133.1
139.4
140.0
140.4
142.7
134.0
122.4
128.0
135.0
141
139 to 142
Net cash income (4-7)
34.2
32.8
37.8
36.9
38.6
46.7
51.8
54.5
57.2
63
52 to 57
Net farm income (3-8)
16.1
26.9
23.5
12.7
32.2
32.4
38.0
43.6
42.7
48
46 to 49
Deflated (19825)
18.8
28.6
23.5
12.2
29.9
29.2
33.4
37.2
35.2
38
34 to 38
off-farm income
34.7
35.8
36.4
37.0
38.9
42.6
44.6
46.8
51.7
54
55 to 59
Loan changes 3/1
Real estate
9.9
9.1
3.6
2.3
-1,1
-6.0
-9,0
-7.5
-4.4
-2
0 to 3
-11.0
-4.6
-0.3
0
-1 to 1
5/:
Non-real estate
5.3
6.5
3.4
0.9
-0.8
-9.6
Rental Income plus monetary change
6.1
6.4
6.3
5.3
8.9
8.8
7.8
6.8
8.5
8
7 to 9
Capital expenditures 51
18.0
16.8
13.3
12.7
12.5
9.2
8.5
9.8
10.2
11
" to 13
NEC cash flow (9+12+13+14-15)
37.6
37.8
38.1
32.7
33.1
30.7
31.2
39.4
50.8
48
50 to 58
11 Income from machine hire, custom work, sales of forest products, & other miscellaneous cash sources. 2/ Numbers in parentheses
licate the combination of items required to calculate a given item. 3/ Value of home consumption of self-produced food & imputed
556 rental value of farm duellings. 41 Excludes capital consumption, perquisites to hired labor, & farm household expenses,
Excludes farm households. Totals may not add because of rounding. f = forecast. 1987 and 1988 expenses include preliminary
risions from the 1987 Census of Agriculture.
Cormation contact: Diane Berteisen (202) 766-1808.
ble 33.-Balance Sheet of the U.S. Farming Sector
Calendar year 1/ 2/
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989 F
1990 F
1980
1981
$ billion
ets
eat estate
782.4
784.7
748.8
738.7
637.7
555.9
507.3
577.0
607.9
648
675 to 685
on-real estate
213.2
212.0
212.2
205.6
209.0
190.5
182.2
187.8
202.5
201
200 to 210
Livestock & poultry
60.6
53.5
53.0
49.7
49.6
46.3
47.6
57.9
65.7
67
66 to 70
Machinery & motor
93,1
101.4
102.0
100.8
96.9
87.6
80.3
73.9
74.7
76
75 to 79
vehicles
23.9
29.7
23.6
19.1
20.9
26.2
22
19 to 23
Crops stored 3/
33.0
29.1
27.7
Financial assets
26.5
28.0
29.5
31.3
32.8
33.0
35.2
35.2
35.9
36
36 to -38
Total farm assets
995.6
996.7
961.0
944.3
846.7
746.4
689.5
764.9
810.4
849
880 to 890
bilities
eat estate debt 41
89.6
98.7
102.5
104.8
103.6
97.6
88.6
81.1
76.7
75
73 to 77
!on-real estate debt 5/
77.1
83.6
87.0
87,9
87.1
77.5
66.6
62.0
61.7
61
60 to 64
192.7
190.7
175.1
155.1
143.1
138.4
136
134 to 140
Total farm debt
166.8
182.3
189.5
Total farm equity
828.9
814.4
771.5
751.6
656.0
571.3
534.4
621.8
672.0
713
740 to 750
Percent
ected ratios
16.8
18.3
19.7
20.4
22.5
23.5
22.5
18.7
17.1
16
15 to 16
(ebt-to-assets
lebt-to-equity
20.1
22.4
24.6
25.6
29.1
30.6
29.0
23.0
20.6
19
18 to 19
lebt-to-net cash income 488
556
497
523
493
375
299
248
231
256
240 to 250
1/ 17 of Agriculture. Revisions in real estate assets for 1983-1986 have not been completed. 3/ Non-CCC crops
As of Dec. 31. 2/ Estimates of farm assets and equity for 1987-1990 reflect revisions in real estate assets based held on on the
'ms Census plus value above loan rates for crops held under CCC. 41 Excludes debt on operator dwellings, but includes CCC storage
1 drying facilities loans. 5/ Excludes debt for nonfarm purposes. F $ forccast.
information contacts: Ken Erickson or Jim Ryan (202) 786-1798.
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