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American Association for the Advancement of Science 2/15/91 [OA 6855] [3]
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American Association for the Advancement of Science 2/15/91 [OA 6855] [3]
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George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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American Association for the Advancement of Science 2/15/91 [OA 6855] [3]
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26
21
2
6
VA 003
Talkingspound by DOE for
Admiral Watkins
Copy speeching & Deb
DRAFT
Republican Women's Federal Forum
Washington, D.C. -- January 10, 1991
0
Delighted to be here
0
Important time for our nation -- and the whole world community
--
Gratifying to serve in the Administration
--
To watch the President's superb handling of the difficult Middle
East situation
0
I hope many of you saw the President's interview with David Frost last
week -- excellent -- put the whole situation in perspective
0
President Bush said that world order is at stake
That there is a clear moral case against Saddam's aggression --
the clearest since World War II
0
This is why there is such strong international cooperation
World community is standing firm against aggression and for
global stability and security
0
Everybody has been hurt by the crisis in the Middle East because oil is
an essential fuel for the global economy
World uses nearly 64 million barrels of oil every day
And we're simply not going to change this fact of economic life
very soon
Kuwait is a battered country -- her people bullied and brutalized
Here in the U.S. and in Europe and Japan -- we have all seen our
economies hit by rising oil prices and the military costs of
combatting aggression
--
But the developing countries -- in Latin America and Africa, and
especially in the emerging democracies in Eastern Europe -- these
countries are paying a terrible economic price
0
As we consider options in the Middle East and seek national consensus
here at home, we must consider all this -- all the moral and economic
implications of Saddam's invasion and occupation of Kuwait
0
Some of you may know, I was in the Middle East last month -- I met with
the Saudis, with Kuwaiti officials in exile, and with ministers from the
United Arab Emirates -- as well as with Gen. Schwartzkopf and other
senior military officials there
:
The planning, the preparations, the security arrangements are all
in place for any eventuality
--
Further impressions from your trip
0
Now, let me make a few comments about our response here in the U.S.
--
We've managed to increase our production of oil by over 200,000
barrels a day
--
And we've reduced our consumption about 5 percent from the same
period last year
--
Stocks of crude oil, gasoline, diesel, heating oil -- these are
all in the normal range
--
Refineries are running at normal levels for this time of year
0
Worldwide, consumption is also down -- about 2.5 percent according to
preliminary estimates -- while supplies are back to pre-invasion
levels
0
Last fall we tested our ability to sell and deliver Strategic Petroleum
Reserve oil
--
The test sale was a complete success
:
SPR oil is ready to be tapped immediately if needed
2
Strategic reserves in Germany and Japan are also ready for use if
needed
:-
Global strategic stocks now stand at over one billion barrels
0
What I'm telling you is that --
1.
World oil supplies are fully adequate today
2.
World demand is dropping
3.
Strategic reserves are fully ready to be used as needed
0
In other words, there is no shortage of crude oil or petroleum products
and even hostilities in Kuwait should not create one -- unless people
panic
For example, on average for 1990, motor gasoline in the U.S. was
supplied at the rate of 302 million gallons a day
:-
Now we have roughly 185 million passenger vehicles and small
trucks registered in the U.S.
--
So, if every driver panicked and decided to top off his or her
tank by just two gallons on the same day, demand would soar to 370
million gallons
--
On that day there would be a "shortage" -- not a real market
shortage, but a behavior-induced shortage
The same situation applies to the pricing of crude oil and products
If we get trader panic at any given moment -- Yes, we could see a
sharp spike in prices
NOT because of a real supply shortage, but because of irrational
behavior
0
The crude is there -- the product stocks are there and the market
will work -- if people don't panic
3
very
0
For our part at DOE, we are making a concerted effort to improve
communication and ensure that accurate information gets out to the
American people
--
Accurate facilities information about the physical state of oil production
--
world Accurate information about actual oil supply levels around the
0
Whatever happens in the Middle East --
--
Oil will flow -- it did after August 2
--
Tankers will move through the gulf -- they did all during the
Iraq-Iran war
--
Also, at any given moment, there is six weeks of oil on the water
and right now, most experts agree, there is a great deal more oil
on the water -- in effect, in "floating storage"
--
And strategic stocks are ready for use, should there be a need
0
So the message I want to leave with you today is twofold:
--
First, to urge you to raise your voice in support of the
President's security efforts to promote a new order of global stability and
He is managing tremendously complex problems masterfully -- and
needs and deserves our fullest support
Second, to assure you that there is no shortage of crude oil or
petroleum products and even the outbreak of war in Kuwait should
not create one
So long as we don't panic -- So long as we all act responsibly,
in our business and our personal decisions
0
Thank you
Now I'd be happy to take a few questions
4
"Let both side seek to invoke
the sunders of science to instend
of its terrors,
{
Inaugmal add
1962 Newsconterence
Feb 21, 1962
"all men invoke sile benefit if we
can invite the sponders of
science instead of its terrors?"
State of U. 1/30/61
"Do invoke the wonders of
science.
Watkins
climp. math-sci. educ.
Am Rucien - clash rev
prest
mil tech.
Past decade - freated math tsci
'83 Mation Rish
state
course noffering textbook, teaching, seterbin
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} of sci. tabert
Fixi committee 1.94 fl
(Lange/Cawley)
February 10, 1991
9:30 P.M.
[AAAS.DOC]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
SHERATON WASHINGTON
10:00
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1991
[[ Thank you, Dr. Atkinson. Dr. Langenberg, Dr. Lederman;
Dr. Bromley; distinguished friends of science. ]] ats an form to you
Since its founding nearly a century and a half ago, the AAAS
morning.
some of
[ "Triple-A S" ] has been a seedbed for the best scientific minds
in America. 9 Your association has Relped guided and been part of the
1
most far-reaching and breathtaking transformation that human
society has ever known.
Over the course of this century, science and technology have
brought unprecedented mobility, prosperity, health, and security
millions -- here, and around the world.
Today, the spirit of innovation is alive and well in
America. [[ Of course, government and the media have been only
times have changed
marginally helpful Some say that if Edison had invented the
lightbulb today, we'd be putting out studies citing the dangers
of electricity -- and the newspapers would headline the story,
"Candle Industry Threatened." ]]
But Because this country has long embodied the virtues of free
inquiry and invention, we veie have been given great powers and great
responsibilities. Science has greatly broadened human potential
-- the potential to do harm as well as good.
Yet the words of Thomas Jefferson to General Kosciusko, the
great Polish-American freedom fighter, still ring true: "The
2
main objects of all science, " he wrote, "are the freedom and
happiness of man. "
Today we are all witness to wonders of science that outweigh
its terrors. seen dramatic evidence in recent weeks of
Anyone whos television recent weeks has
how technology is changing the face of war.
Modern weapons are making it possible to face down
aggression without the degree of widespread destruction and loss
of civilian life of wars past.
Our investment in defense research and development over the
past decade is now saving the lives of Americans -- of our allies
-- and even of our adversaries. I am certain that this
struggle will end decisively Let us all hope and pray that ends
quickly. III
Here at home, science and technology are also a crucial key
to our economic strength. The Presidency brings no powers of
prophecy, but if the past is prologue, our economic future is
going to be very bright indeed.
Over half of the economic growth we've enjoyed since the
1930's has been the result of new knowledge -- including the
results of science and technology. By any measure, the economic
returns on science and technology are dramatic. By investing in
science and technology today, we invest in the future.
But beyond advances in prosperity and security, we also gain
an important intellectual and spiritual dimension. Work on the
frontiers of human knowledge represents one of the greatest
3
adventures of mankind. In an important sense, it is what makes
our species unique in the rich fabric of life.
For all of these reasons, the budget that I sent to Capitol
Hill last week included a 13 percent increase for research and
development. That increase is one of the largest in the budget,
and it signals our determination to make the investments needed
were determinal to help scientests
to ensure this country's continued leadership.
our highest priorities
spend
five
One of the areas of emphasis in this year's budget is basic
research the individual scientist and small group of scientists
time
working together to read from the book of nature The
accomplishments of these individuals often go unsung, yet they
influence our world in powerful ways
their
our
To support this kind of work, the budget calls for a billion
dollar increase in basic research. Funding at the National
Science Foundation would go up 18 percent, which would put the
NSF's budget back on the track toward the doubling that I have
long sought. And funding to support work on the basic sciences
-- mostly by individual investigators -- would go up by 16
percent.
Increases in basic research at the Department of Energy,
NIH, NASA, and the Department of Agriculture will add to the base
of knowledge on which the future is being built -- again with an
emphasis on individual investigators and small groups of
researchers.
At the same time, the budget makes a strong commitment to
the facilities that many of these same scientists will need to
4
reach the future frontiers of their fields. It nearly doubles
funding for the Superconducting Super Collider, which is designed
to answer some of the most fundamental questions about We can
And w're supporting a balanced program of other facilities
and research -- nuclear accelerators in physics, telescopes in
astronomy, a strong space science program at NASA, and the human
genome project in biology -- all projects that will have a
profound impact on humanity.
It is never possible to tell how, when, or to whom
scientific discoveries will prove useful, but some basic research
is targeted at clear and immediate needs. Over the next year,
for example, the United States will spend over a billion dollars
on the U.S. Global Change Program. Part of this program will
take the form of a Mission to Planet Earth, where satellites will
monitor the Earth from space and gauge its changes.
And even as we look inward, we must continue to look
outward, toward the stars, as man has done throughout the ages.
Our Mission from Planet Earth will extend this human curiosity to
frontiers beyond our own planet, to the Moon, to the planets, and
beyond. As with much of science, we cannot be sure of what we
will find there. But we can be sure that the quest will make our
lives richer, both materially and spiritually.
This budget also provides for investments in more down-to-
earth technologies. We are committed to working with American
industry to make it easier for companies to capitalize on the
discoveries of basic science -- and to develop attractive new
5
products and processes. That why we clan are once again calling on
the Congress to make the research and experimentation tax credit
permanent. It is time for Congress to spur innovation, by making
this long-term commitment to our technological future.
The we also government forca also chollenge has a
vital
role
to
play
in
developing
the generic technologies that are important both the public
and private sectors. That's why The the budget supports work in high
performance computing and communications, in energy research and
development, in aeronautics, and in biotechnology -- some of the
most promising industries of the 21st century.
Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the
key to technology. That why the National Education Goals we
established with the nation's governors explicitly recognize this
link. Two of our most ambitious goals are for American students
to be first in the world in science and mathematic achievement by
the year 2000.
This will not be an easy goal to reach, but we in the
Administration take it very seriously. Last week an interagency
group under the leadership of Secretary of Energy James Watkins
released a program that calls for substantial increases in
federal funding for mathematics and science education. It also
coordinates and integrates federal activities, so that federal
dollars go farther.
still, those math and science goals will never be achieved
if they 're seen as goals for the federal government alone. All
6
sectors of society must recognize the importance of scientific
literacy and strive to achieve it.
And that's where the AAAS comes in. Your Project 2061 is
working where all lasting change must occur -- at the local level
-- to transform the ways in which mathematics and science are
taught. We will be looking closely at this experiment, to guide
our own efforts.
Last fall, we had 200 of the best mathematics and science
teachers in the country to the White House -- and more than a few
of those teachers pointed out that teaching science to kids is
not really hard, because kids are natural-born scientists. They
delight in the sheer pleasure of learning new things and making
something work ) and understanding the world around them.
This delight is something that most scientists never lose.
The Nobel-prize-winning geneticist Barbara McClintock once
commented on this side of science: "I did it because it was
fun," she said. "I couldn't wait to get up in the morning. I
never thought of it as science. "
The sheer adventure of science is one of the main reasons
for holding this meeting -- and for the existence of the AAAS.
There are many ways to demonstrate that fun to others I through
share that adventure
and
education, though public outreach through the activities of
government a And it has never been more important, than now.
Mankind -- we are, as we have always been, the creature on
this earth whose one insatiable hunger, and greatest desire, is
7
for knowledge. Of all humanity's concerns, the power of knowing
is the greatest pursuit -- and the surest promise, the greatest
covenant we keep with future generations.
So let us approach that understanding as a sacred trust;
keep the fire of the American mind brightly burning.
8
For obvious reasons, I've been reluctant to cite
anniversaries ever since that Pearl Harbor incident. III
But
I'm told that today is Galileo Galilei's birthday. So it is
fitting that we meet on this day. For Galileo, like science
itself, brought a revolution in our understanding of the universe
-- and our place in it.
Jan. 31 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
Address Before a Joint Session of the
A year ago in Poland, Lech Walesa de-
Congress on the State of the Union
clared that he was ready to open a dialog
January 31, 1990
with the Communist rulers of that country;
and today, with the future of a free Poland
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the
in their own hands, members of Solidarity
United States Congress:
lead the Polish Government.
I return as a former President of the
A year ago, freedom's playwright Vaclav
Senate and a former Member of this great
Havel languished as a prisoner in Prague.
House. And now, as President, it is my
And today it's Vaclav Havel, President of
privilege to report to you on the state of
Czechoslovakia.
the Union.
And 1 year ago, Erich Honecker, of East
Tonight I come not to speak about the
Germany, claimed history as his guide, and
state of the Government, not to detail
he predicted the Berlin Wall would last an-
every new initiative we plan for the coming
other hundred years. And today, less than 1
year nor to describe every line in the
year later, it's the Wall that's history.
budget. I'm here to speak to you and to the
Remarkable events-events that fulfill
American people about the state of the
the long-held hopes of the American
Union-about our world-the changes
people; events that validate the longstand-
we've seen, the challenges we face, and
what that means for America.
ing goals of American policy, a policy based
on a single, shining principle: the cause of
There are singular moments in history,
freedom.
dates that divide all that goes before from
all that comes after. And many of us in this
America, not just the nation but an idea,
chamber have lived much of our lives in a
alive in the minds of people everywhere. As
world whose fundamental features were de-
this new world takes shape, America stands
fined in 1945; and the events of that year
at the center of a widening circle of free-
dom-today, tomorrow, and into the next
decreed the shape of nations, the pace of
progress, freedom or oppression for millions
century. Our nation is the enduring dream
of people around the world.
of every immigrant who ever set foot on
Nineteen forty-five provided the common
these shores, and the millions still struggling
to be free. This nation, this idea called
frame of reference, the compass points of
America, was and always will be a new
the postwar era we've relied upon to under-
world-our new world.
stand ourselves. And that was our world,
until now. The events of the year just
At a workers' rally, in a place called
ended, the revolution of '89, have been a
Branik on the outskirts of Prague, the idea
chain reaction, changes so striking that it
called America is alive. A worker, dressed
marks the beginning of a new era in the
in grimy overalls, rises to speak at the facto-
world's affairs.
ry gates. He begins his speech to his fellow
citizens with these words, words of a distant
Think back-think back just 12 short
revolution: "We hold these truths to be self-
months ago to the world we knew as 1989
began.
evident, that all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with
One year-one year ago, the people of
Panama lived in fear, under the thumb of a
certain unalienable Rights, and that among
these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
dictator. Today democracy is restored;
Happiness."
Panama is free.
It's no secret that here at home freedom's
Operation Just Cause has achieved its ob-
door opened long ago. The cornerstones of
jective. The number of military personnel
this free society have already been set in
in Panama is now very close to what it was
before the operation began. And tonight I
place: democracy, competition, opportunity,
private investment, stewardship, and of
am announcing that well before the end of
February, the additional numbers of Ameri-
course leadership. And our challenge today
can troops, the brave men and women of
is to take this democratic system of ours, a
system second to none, and make it better:
our Armed Forces who made this mission a
success, will be back home.
a better America, where there's a job for
everyone who wants one; where women
146
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Jan. 31
lesa de-
working outside the home can be confident
We need to save more. We need to
a dialog
their children are in safe, and loving care
expand the pool of capital for new invest-
country;
and where government works to expand
ments that need more jobs and more
Poland
child-care alternatives for parents; where
growth. And that's the idea behind a new
olidarity
we reconcile the needs of a clean environ-
initiative I call the Family Savings Plan,
ment and a strong economy; where "Made
which I will send to Congress tomorrow.
Vaclav
in the USA" is recognized around the world
We need to cut the tax on capital gains,
Prague.
as the symbol of quality and progress;
encourage risktakers, especially those in our
dent of
where every one of us enjoys the same op-
portunities to live, to work, and to contrib-
small businesses, to take those steps that
translate into economic reward, jobs, and a
of East
ute to society and where, for the first time,
better life for all of us.
de, and
the American mainstream includes all of
last an-
our disabled citizens; where everyone has a
We'll do what it takes to invest in Ameri-
; than 1
roof over his head and where the homeless
ca's future. The budget commitment is
get the help they need to live in dignity;
there. The money is there. It's there for
fulfill
where our schools challenge and support
research and development, R&D-a record
our kids and our teachers and where all of
high. It's there for our housing initiative-
nerican
them make the grade; where every street,
HOPE-to help everyone from first-time
agstand-
every city, every school, and every child is
homebuyers to the homeless. The money's
y based
drug-free; and finally, where no American is
there to keep our kids drug-free-70 per-
ause of
forgotten-our hearts go out to our hostages
cent more than when I took office in 1989.
who are ceaselessly on our minds and in our
It's there for space exploration. And it's
in idea,
efforts.
there for education-another record high.
ere. As
That's part of the future we want to see,
And one more thing: Last fall at the edu-
1 stands
the future we can make for ourselves, but
cation summit, the Governors and I agreed
of free-
dreams alone won't get us there. We need
to look for ways to help make sure that our
e next
to extend our horizon, commit to the long
kids are ready to learn the very first day
dream
view. And our mission for the future starts
they walk into the classroom. And I've
foot on
today.
made good on that commitment by propos-
uggling
In the tough competitive markets around
ing a record increase in funds-an extra
called
the world, America faces the great chal-
half-a-billion dollars-for something near
a new
lenges and great opportunities. And we
and dear to all of us: Head Start.
know that we can succeed in the global
Education is the one investment that
called
economic arena of the nineties, but to meet
means more for our future because it means
ne idea
that challenge, we must make some funda-
the most for our children. Real improve-
dressed
mental changes-some crucial investment
ment in our schools is not simply a matter
e facto-
in ourselves.
of spending more: it's a matter of asking
fellow
Yes, we are going to invest in America.
more-expecting more-of our schools, our
distant
This administration is determined to en-
teachers, of our kids, of our parents, and
be self-
courage the creation of capital, capital of all
ourselves. And that's why tonight I am an-
al, that
kinds: physical capital-everything from our
nouncing America's education goals, goals
r with
farms and factories to our workshops and
developed with enormous cooperation from
among
production lines, all that is needed to
the Nation's Governors. And if I might, I'd
suit of
produce and deliver quality goods and qual-
like to say I'm very pleased that Governor
ity services; intellectual capital-the source
Gardner [Washington] and Governor Clin-
edom's
of ideas that spark tomorrow's products;
ton [Arkansas], Governor Branstad [Iowa],
ones of
and of course our human capital-the tal-
Governor Campbell [South Carolina], all of
set in
ented work force that we'll need to com-
whom were very key in these discussions,
tunity,
pete in the global market.
these deliberations, are with us here to-
and of
Let me tell you, if we ignore human cap-
night.
today
ital, if we lose the spirit of American inge-
By the year 2000, every child must start
ours, a
nuity, the spirit that is the hallmark of the
school ready to learn.
better:
American worker, that would be bad. The
The United States must increase the high
ob for
American worker is the most productive
school graduation rate to no less than 90
vomen
worker in the world.
percent.
147
Jan. 31 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
And we are going to make sure our
tion Agency to Cabinet rank-not more bu-
The st
schools' diplomas mean something. In criti-
reaucracy, not more red tape, but the cer-
depend
cal subjects-at the 4th, 8th, and 12th
tainty that here at home, and especially in
But the
grades-we must assess our students' per-
our dealings with other nations, environ-
America
formance.
mental issues have the status they deserve.
cratic d
By the year 2000, U.S. students must be
This year's budget provides over $2 bil-
millions
first in the world in math and science
achievement.
lion in new spending to protect our envi-
the rece
ronment, with over $1 billion for global
try. Eve
Every American adult must be a skilled,
change research, and a new initiative I call
demn I
literate worker and citizen.
Every school must offer the kind of disci-
America the Beautiful to expand our nation-
hate, no
plined environment that makes it possible
al parks and wildlife preserves that improve
right no
The
for our kids to learn. And every school in
recreational facilities on public lands, and
whether
America must be drug-free.
something else, something that will help
problem
Ambitious aims? Of course. Easy to do?
keep this country clean from our forestland
We've
Far from it. But the future's at stake. The
to the inner cities and keep America beauti-
Nation will not accept anything less than
ful for generations to come: the money to
trouble,
excellence in education.
plant a billion trees a year.
of light
take the
These investments will keep America
And tonight let me say again to all the
and rea
competitive. And I know this about the
Members of the Congress: The American
their ho
American people: We welcome competi-
people did not send us here to bicker.
learned
tion. We'll match our ingenuity, our energy,
There is work to do, and they sent us here
the state
our experience and technology, our spirit
to get it done. And once again, in the spirit
portant.
and enterprise against anyone. But let the
of cooperation, I offer my hand to all of
that give
competition be free, but let it also be fair.
you. Let's work together to do the will of
to who
America is ready.
the people: clean air, child care, the Educa-
Let m
Since we really mean it and since we're
tional Excellence Act, crime, and drugs. It's
the Ame
serious about being ready to meet that chal-
time to act. The farm bill, transportation
the Am
lenge, we're getting our own house in
policy, product-liability reform, enterprise
will rem
order. We have made real progress. Seven
zones-it's time to act together.
And t
years ago, the Federal deficit was 6 percent
And there's one thing I hope we will be
our way
of our gross national product-6 percent. In
able to agree on. It's about our commit-
of a let
the new budget I sent up 2 days ago, the
ments. I'm talking about Social Security. To
James M
deficit is down to 1 percent of gross nation-
every American out there on Social Securi-
of the 1
al product.
ty, to every American supporting that
Decemb
That budget brings Federal spending
system today, and to everyone counting on
armed I
under control. It meets the Gramm-
it when they retire, we made a promise to
It's a let
Rudman target. It brings that deficit down
you, and we are going to keep it.
never b
further and balances the budget by 1993
We rescued the system in 1983, and it's
well's n
with no new taxes. And let me tell you,
sound again-bipartisan arrangement. Our
passed i
there's still more than enough Federal
budget fully funds today's benefits, and it
nati.
spending. For most of us, $1.2 trillion is still
assures that future benefits will be funded
And h
a lot of money.
as well. The last thing we need to do is
never be
And once the budget is balanced, we can
mess around with Social Security.
waiting
operate the way every family must when it
There's one more problem we need to
kill and
has bills to pay. We won't leave it to our
address. We must give careful consideration
am frig
children and our grandchildren. Once it's
to the recommendations of the health-care
and yet
balanced, we will start paying off the na-
studies underway now. That's why tonight
life that
tional debt.
I'm asking Dr. Sullivan, Lou Sullivan, Secre-
of all, do
And there's something more we owe the
tary of Health and Human Services, to lead
Somethi
generations of the future: stewardship, the
a Domestic Policy Council review of recom-
I joined
safekeeping of America's precious environ-
mendations on the quality, accessibility, and
ensure
mental inheritance.
cost of our nation's health-care system. I am
want an
It's just one sign of how serious we are:
committed to bring the staggering costs of
Let n
we will elevate the Environmental Protec-
health care under control.
among
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Jan. 31
The state of the Government does indeed
and one of the first to fall. But he knew
depend on many of us in this very chamber.
what he believed in. He carried the idea we
But the state of the Union depends on all
call America in his heart.
Americans. We must maintain the demo-
I began tonight speaking about the
cratic decency that makes a nation out of
changes we've seen this past year. There is
millions of individuals. I've been appalled at
a new world of challenges and opportuni-
the recent mail bombings across this coun-
ties before us, and there's a need for leader-
try. Every one of us must confront and con-
ship that only America can provide. Nearly
demn racism, antisemitism, bigotry, and
40 years ago, in his last address to the Con-
hate, not next week, not tomorrow, but
gress, President Harry Truman predicted
right now-every single one of us.
such a time would come. He said: "As our
The state of the Union depends on
world grows stronger, more united, more
whether we help our neighbor-claim the
attractive to men on both sides of the Iron
problems of our community as our own.
Curtain, then inevitably there will come a
We've got to step forward when there's
time of change within the Communist
trouble, lend a hand, be what I call a point
world." Today, that change is taking place.
of light to a stranger in need. We've got to
For more than 40 years, America and its
take the time after a busy day to sit down
allies held communism in check and en-
and read with our kids, help them with
their homework, pass along the values we
sured that democracy would continue to
learned as children. That's how we sustain
exist. And today, with communism crum-
the state of the Union. Every effort is im-
bling, our aim must be to ensure democra-
portant. It all adds up. It's doing the things
cy's advance, to take the lead in forging
that give democracy meaning. It all adds up
peace and freedom's best hope: a great and
to who we are and who we will be.
growing commonwealth of free nations.
Let me say that so long as we remember
And to the Congress and to all Americans, I
the American idea, so long as we live up to
say it is time to acclaim a new consensus at
the American ideal, the state of the Union
home and abroad, a common vision of the
will remain sound and strong.
peaceful world we want to see.
And to those who worry that we've lost
Here in our own hemisphere, it is time
our way-well, I want you to listen to parts
for all the peoples of the Americas, North
of a letter written by Private First Class
and South, to live in freedom. In the Far
James Markwell, a 20-year-old Army medic
East and Africa, it's time for the full flower-
of the 1st Battalion, 75th Rangers. It's dated
ing of free governments and free markets
December 18th, the night before our
that have served as the engine of progress.
armed forces went into action in Panama.
It's time to offer our hand to the emerging
It's a letter servicemen write and hope will
democracies of Eastern Europe so that con-
never be sent. And sadly, Private Mark-
tinent-for too long a continent divided—
well's mother did receive this letter. She
can see a future whole and free. It's time to
passed it along to me out there in Cincin-
build on our new relationship with the
nati.
Soviet Union, to endorse and encourage a
And here is some of what he wrote: "I've
peaceful process of internal change toward
never been afraid of death, but I know he is
democracy and economic opportunity.
waiting at the corner. I've been trained to
We are in a period of great transition,
kill and to save, and so has everyone else. I
great hope, and yet great uncertainty. We
am frightened what lays beyond the fog,
recognize that the Soviet military threat in
and yet do not mourn for me. Revel in the
Europe is diminishing, but we see little
life that I have died to give you. But most
change in Soviet strategic modernization.
of all, don't forget the Army was my choice.
Therefore, we must sustain our own strate-
Something that I wanted to do. Remember
gic offense modernization and the Strategic
I joined the Army to serve my country and
Defense Initiative.
ensure that you are free to do what you
But the time is right to move forward on
want and live your lives freely."
a conventional arms control agreement to
Let me add that Private Markwell was
move us to more appropriate levels of mili-
among the first to see battle in Panama,
tary forces in Europe, a coherent defense
149
Jan. 31 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
program that ensures the U.S. will continue
Now, I know you're probably thinking,
God. bless
to be a catalyst for peaceful change in
Well, that's just a grandfather talking. Well,
this great
Europe. And I've consulted with leaders of
maybe you're right. But I've met a lot of
America.
NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
children this past year across this country,
tion]. In fact, I spoke by phone with Presi-
as all of you have, everywhere from the Far
Note: The I
dent Gorbachev just today.
East to Eastern Europe. And all kids are
the House C
I agree with our European allies that an
unique, and yet all kids are alike-the bud-
introduced
American military presence in Europe is es-
ding young environmentalists I met this
the House (
sential and that it should not be tied solely
month, who joined me in exploring the
was broadca
to the Soviet military presence in Eastern
Europe. But our troop levels can still be
Florida Everglades; the little leaguers I
television. P:
lower. And so, tonight I am announcing a
played catch with in Poland, ready to go
attended a
major new step for a further reduction in
from Warsaw to the World Series; and even
ference Roo
U.S. and Soviet manpower in central and
the kids who are ill or alone-and God bless
leadership.
eastern Europe to 195,000 on each side.
those boarder babies, born addicted to
This level reflects the advice of our senior
drugs and AIDS and coping with problems
military advisers. It's designed to protect
no child should have to face. But you know,
American and European interests and sus-
when it comes to hope and the future,
White Hou
tain NATO's defense strategy. A swift con-
every kid is the same-full of dreams ready
President's
clusion to our arms control talks-conven-
to take on the world-all special, because
tional, chemical, and strategic-must now
they are the very future of freedom. And to
in Europe I
be our goal. And that time has come.
them belongs this new world I've been
January 31,
Still, we must recognize an unfortunate
speaking about.
fact: In many regions of the world tonight,
After initi:
And so, tonight I'm going to ask some-
the reality is conflict, not peace. Enduring
the Preside
thing of every one of you. Now, let me start
animosities and opposing interests remain.
which have
And thus, the cause of peace must be
with my generation, with the grandparents
last 3 month
served by an America strong enough and
out there. You are our living link to the
pose lower
sure enough to defend our interests and our
past. Tell your grandchildren the story of
concentratio
ideals. It's this American idea that for the
struggles waged at home and abroad, of sac-
Europe. Ho
past four decades helped inspire this revolu-
rifices freely made for freedom's sake. And
maintain si
tion of '89.
tell them your own story as well, because
Europe as lo
Here at home and in the world, there's
every American has a story to tell.
ence as part
history in the making, history to be made.
And, parents, your children look to you
Therefore,
Six months ago, early in this season of
for direction and guidance. Tell them of
dress to Con
change, I stood at the gates of the Gdansk
faith and family. Tell them we are One
Bush propos
Shipyard in Poland at the monument to the
Nation under God. Teach them that of all
position in th
fallen workers of Solidarity. It's a monu-
the many gifts they can receive liberty is
in Europe (C
ment of simple majesty. Three tall crosses
their most precious legacy and of all the
stantially th
rise up from the stones, and atop each cross,
gifts they can give the greatest is helping
ground and
an anchor, an ancient symbol of hope.
others.
and eastern
The anchor in our world today is free-
dom, holding us steady in times of change,
And to the children and young people
side. Forces
There would
a symbol of hope to all the world. And free-
out there tonight: With you rests our hope,
dom is at the very heart of the idea that is
all that America will mean in the years and
ground and
America. Giving life to that idea depends
decades ahead. Fix your vision on a new
after CFE r
on every one of us. Our anchor has always
century-your century, on dreams we
proposal resp
cannot see, on the destiny that is yours and
ern Europe
been faith and family.
In the last few days of this past momen-
yours alone.
the CFE neg
in 1990.
tous year, our family was blessed once
And finally, let all Americans-all of us
The Presio
more, celebrating the joy of life when a
together here in this chamber, the symbolic
sede an earli
little boy became our 12th grandchild.
center of democracy-affirm our allegiance
of 275,000 e
When I held the little guy for the first time,
to this idea we call America. And let us
and air force
the troubles at home and abroad seemed
remember that the state of the Union de-
their respect
manageable and totally in perspective.
pends on each and every one of us.
Atlantic to th
150
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Feb. 1
God bless all of you, and may God bless
The President has concluded that this
this great nation, the United States of
proposal reflects the minimum level of U.S.
America.
forces needed in Europe to protect Ameri-
can interests and to sustain NATO's strategy
Note: The President spoke at 9:05 p.m. in
of forward defense and flexible response.
the House Chamber of the Capitol. He was
Even if-as we expect-Soviet forces in this
introduced by Thomas S. Foley, Speaker of
region are reduced even further, the
the House of Representatives. The address
United Stated does not envision the further
was broadcast live on nationwide radio and
reduction of its forces in Europe below this
television. Prior to his address, the President
new level:
attended a reception in the Speaker's Con-
ference Room hosted by the congressional
leadership.
Remarks at the Annual National Prayer
Breakfast
February 1, 1990
White House Fact Sheet on the
President's Conventional Armed Forces
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. Thank
in Europe Initiative
you all. Thank you very, very much. Vice
January 31, 1990
President and Mrs. Quayle, and Chuck
Grassley, Sam Nunn, and my dear friend
After initial discussions with NATO allies,
Billy Graham, and Ruth. Jim Baker, that
the President concluded that changes
was a very inspiring testament of faith. I
which have taken place in Europe over the
also want to salute our very special guests
last 3 months have made it possible to pro-
who have traveled far to join us in a prayer
pose lower levels in the area of greatest
for peace and understanding: President Moi
concentration of forces: central and eastern
of Kenya; President Ershad of Bangladesh;
Europe. However, the United States will
Major Buyoya, the marvelous head of Bu-
maintain significant military forces in
rundi; President Cristiani, a longtime
friend; the Prime Minister Kisekka. And I
Europe as long as our allies desire our pres-
just express for all of us a very hearty wel-
ence as part of a common security effort.
come, and to President Ershad, a happy
Therefore, in his State of the Union Ad-
birthday greeting to go with Bev Shea's.
dress to Congress on January 31, President
We're delighted you're here.
Bush proposed to revise NATO's current
And I want to thank Bev Shea and Billy.
position in the Conventional Armed Forces
It'll probably read: Prayer Breakfast, Bev
in Europe (CFE) negotiations to lower sub-
Shea; Supporting Cast: Secretary of State;
stantially the levels of U.S. and Soviet
Billy Graham. [Laughter] A lot of Presi-
ground and air force manpower in central
dents out here, Senators and Congressmen.
and eastern Europe to 195,000 on each
He was magnificent. [Laughter] Magnifi-
side. Forces withdrawn will be demobilized.
cent music.
There would be approximately 225,000 U.S.
It's often said in my line of work that a
ground and air force personnel in Europe
candidate or a proposal hasn't got a prayer.
after CFE reductions are completed. The
Well, I'm pleased to be with an audience
proposal responds to rapid changes in east-
about whom that will never be said.
ern Europe and is designed to help propel
[Laughter] And this breakfast is the result
the CFE negotiations to an early conclusion
of years of quiet diplomacy-I wouldn't say
in 1990.
secret diplomacy-quiet diplomacy by an
S
The President's initiative would super-
ambassador of faith, Doug Coe. And I salute
C
sede an earlier proposal establishing a level
him.
e
of 275,000 each of U.S. and Soviet ground
And I was moved once again by what
S
and air force manpower stationed outside of
Sam and Liz told us of Members and staff-
their respective national territories in the
ers on the Hill who like to regularly meet
Atlantic to the Urals region.
to share a few quiet moments of prayer and
151
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
February 8, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR MARK LANGE
FROM:
STEVE OLSON
SUBJECT:
INPUT FOR PRESIDENT'S AAAS SPEECH
Here's some proposed text for the President's speech to the AAAS next Friday. Let
me know if there's anything else we can get you.
cc:
Allan Bromley
Ken Yale
Brad Mitchell
DRAFT OF PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1991
10:00 A.M.
Since its founding nearly 150 years ago, the AAAS [Triple-A
S] has had many close ties with the federal government, ties that
remain strong today. My science advisor Allan Bromley is a
former president of your association. So, too, is Walter Massey,
whom I have nominated to become the Director of the National
AAAS
Science Foundation. And no doubt there are future science
advisors and NSF directors in your ranks, because the AAAS has
long been a seedbed for many of the best scientific minds in
America.
The AAAS was founded in 1843, which means that your
association has watched over and participated in the most far-
reaching and breathtaking transformation that human society has
HISTORY
ever known. Think of how differently we live today than did
people in the 19th century. A little over a hundred years ago,
the leading cause of death in the United States was tuberculosis.
A quarter of all people born died before the age of 25, and half
died before the age of 50
Except for a privileged few, life in 19th century America
2
was hard and constrained. Homes were lit by oil lamps and
candles, and many people still cooked on wood stoves Indoor
plumbing was rare. When people traveled, they did so by horse or
by foot, which meant that many people did not travel far.
The changes of the last century have occurred for many
reasons, but foremost among those are science and technology,
science devoted to foll factural & applied scome
together with a social and political system in which science and
HISTORY
technology could and did flourish. Just as America has always
stood for freedom and democracy, so this country has long
embodied the virtues of free inquiry and invention. Through
electric lights, the phonograph, the airplane, computers, and
space flight, American scientists and engineers have improved the
lives of not only Americans but people around the world. They
have given us great powers and great responsibilities. They have
greatly broadened human potential, the potential to do harm as
to
well as good. Yet the words of Thomas Jefferson still ring true:
"The main object of all science are is the freedom and happiness of
man.
" to General Koscinho, Pobit Am fresher fifth.
It is virtually impossible to imagine what the world will be
like 100 years from now. I believe that it will be a safer and
more prosperous world, a world marked by peace. But we can be
sure that it will be different world, and many of the differences
Future
will reflect the work that you and the 5 million other scientists
and engineers in the United States are doing today.
If history is a guide, it will be a richer world.
Move
Economists estimate that over half of the economic growth that
3
has occurred since the Great Depression has been the result of
MOVE
new knowledge, including the results of science and technology.
By any measure, the economic returns on science and technology
Futust
are overwhelming. By investing in science and technology today,
we invest in our future and can look forward with confidence to
reaping a rich harvest.
We will also reap benefits that cannot be measured in
dollars and cents. Anyone who has watched television over the
past few weeks has seen dramatic evidence of how technology is
changing the face of war. Modern weapons have made it possible
to punish aggression without inflicting the widespread
WAR,
destruction and loss of civilian life that has characterized the
VEGH
are
RAYTNEON
aftrioon
past. Our investment in defense research and development over
the past decade is now saving the lives of Americans, of our
allies, and even of our adversaries.
As important, if not more important, than the military
successes that we have achieved has been the unmistakable
demonstration of American credibility. When we make a promise,
we live up to it. When we state our goals, we follow through to
their achievement. The world's perception of America has changed
in ways that are very important to us -- and to the future peace
of our world.
To avoid technological surprises, America must retain its
leadership in military systems. Potential adversaries will be
improving their military technologies. We must continue to
improve ours.
4
And quite apart from these excellent reasons for supporting
ADVENTH
science and technology, there remains an important spiritual
dimension. Work on the frontiers of human knowledge represents
one of the greatest adventures of mankind. In an important
sense, it is what makes our species unique in the rich fabric of
life.
For all of these reasons, the budget that I sent to Capitol
to 76 filbon
BURGET
Hill last week included a 13 percent increase, for research and
1
development. That increase is one of the largest in the budget,
s the Third budget havy emph. on R&D
and it signals our determination to make the investments needed
to ensure this country's continued leadership.
One of the areas of emphasis in this year's budget is basic
research -- the individual scientist or small group of scientists
working together to read from the book of nature The
accomplishments of these individuals often go unsung, yet they
influence our world in powerful ways. An example is the work of
Thomas Brock, who used a grant from the National Science
Foundation to discover in the thermal vents of Yellowstone a
bacterial enzyme that is today being used to identify the lost
children of imprisoned parents. Or Steven Rosenberg,
a
researcher at the National Institutes of Health who is using
genetic engineering to attack cancers that have spread throughout
the body. Or the teams of scientists who built and are operating
NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer, which has shed light on the
nature of the Big Bang that created our universe and everything
in it.
5
To support this kind of work, the budget calls for a billion
dollar increase in basic research. Funding at the National
BUDGET
Science Foundation would go up 18 percent, which would put the
(fasic)
foundation's budget back on the doubling track that I have long
sought. And funding to support work on the basic sciences --
mostly by individual investigators -- would go up by 16 percent.
The number of research project grants at NIH would rise 9
percent, further extending our world leadership in biomedical
research. Increases in basic research at the Department of
Energy, NASA, and the Department of Agriculture will add to the
base of knowledge on which the future is being built -- again
with an emphasis on individual investigators and small groups of
researchers.
At the same time, the budget makes a strong commitment to
BUAGET
the facilities that many of these same scientists will need to
(big)
reach the future frontiers of their fields. It nearly doubles
funding for the Superconducting Super Collider, which is designed
?
to answer some of the most fundamental questions we can ask --
what is matter made of and how does mass originate. I have been
told that even God is interested in what the SSC will do, because
some of the events that it will produce have never before
!+!
happened in the history of the universe.
the High Computer
and Communications
We are continuing to support a balanced program of other
Program.
facilities and research -- nuclear accelerators in physics,
telescopes in astronomy, a strong space science program at NASA,
and the human genome project in biology -- all projects that will
6
have
an immeasurable impact
It is never possible to tell how, when, or to whom
scientific discoveries will prove useful, but some basic research
is targeted at clear and immediate needs. Over the next year,
for example, the United States will spend over a billion dollars
on the U.S. Global Change Program to give policymakers the
ENVISO
information needed to understand and respond to possible changes
in the global environment. Part of this program will take the
form of a Mission to Planet Earth, in which satellites will
monitor the Earth from space and gauge how our fragile home
planet is being changed by its human occupants.
And even as we look inward, we must continue to look
outward, toward the stars, as man has done throughout the ages.
SACE
Our Mission from Planet Earth will extend this human curiosity to
frontiers beyond our own planet, to the Moon, to the planets, and
beyond. As with much of science, we cannot be sure of what we
will find there. But we can be sure that the quest will make our
lives richer, both materially and spiritually.
This budget also provides for investments in more down-to-
we are
paid
earth technologies. The Bush Administration is committed to
commerent
working with American industry to make it easier for companies to
capitalize on the discoveries of basic science and to develop
attractive new products and processes. That is why we are once
again calling on the Congress to make the research and
experimentation tax credit permanent. A company is unlikely to
make the long-term investments that are needed in R&D when they
7
are not sure whether the tax credit they have this year will
exist next year. It is time for Congress to make this long-term
commitment to our technological future. spor innovation
The government also has a vital role to play in developing
the generic technologies that are important in both the public
R&A
and private sectors That's why the budget supports work in high
(job creation)
performance computing and communications in energy research and
development, in aeronautics, and in biotechnology -- some of the
most promising industries of the 21st century.
This government will not make the mistake that one of my
predecessors, Rutherford B. Hayes, made back in 1876. During a
meeting at the White House, he was shown a recently invented
device. "That's an amazing invention," he said, "but who would
!*!
ever want to use one of them.' " He was being shown a telephone.
Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the
Due
key to technology.
America cannot retain its technological edge
unless Americans retain their technological edge The National
Education Goals that I established with the nation's governors
explicitly recognize this link. Two of the goals mention science
and mathematics directly, including the most ambitious of the six
-- that American students be first in the world in science and
mathematic achievement by the year 2000.
This will not be an easy goal to reach, but we in the
Administration take it very seriously. For the past year, an
interagency group under the leadership of Secretary of Energy
James Watkins has been putting together a program designed to
8
achieve that goal and the other goals related to science and
technology
That program was released last week, and it calls
for substantial increases in federal funding for mathematics and
science education. In addition, it coordinates and integrates
federal activities in this area, so that federal dollars will go
much farther.
Still, the federal government cannot achieve the education
goals on its own. All sectors of society must recognize the
importance of scientific literacy and strive to achieve it. And
EAUL
that's where the AAAS comes in. Your Project 2061 is working (chicap?)
where all lasting change must occur -- at the local level -- to
cf.
transform the ways in which mathematics and science are taught.
fedrear
The federal government will be looking closely at this experiment
for help in guiding its own efforts. These are the kinds of
programs with which we must chart our course into the 21st
century.
Last fall we had 200 of the best mathematics and science
teachers in the country to the White House, and more than a few
of those teachers pointed out that teaching science to kids is
not really hard, because kids are natural-born scientists. They
delight in the sheer pleasure of learning new things and making
something work and understanding the world around them.
This delight is something that most scientists never lose.
The Nobel-prize-winning geneticist Barbara McClintock once
commented on this side of science: "I did it because it was
fun, " she said. "I couldn't wait to get up in the morning. I
9
never thought of it as science "
The fun of science the adventure of science -- is one of
the main reasons for holding this meeting -- and for the
existence of the AAAS. There are many ways to demonstrate that
fun to others -- through education, though public outreach,
through the activities of government. And never has it been more
important to do so, as science and technology further increase
their influence on our lives and on our future.
Ten years ago, when Allan Bromley gave his retiring
presidential address to the AAAS, he concluded with a quotation
from H.G. Wells published in 1902. Wells said, "All this world
is heavy with the promise of greater things, and a day will come
when beings
shall stand upon this earth as one stands
upon a footstool, and shall laugh and reach out their hands
amidst the stars." All too few people would view the future in
these terms today. Yet it is the future offered to us by science
and technology, and it is a future that this nation, above all
others, is destined to achieve.
this earth whose are insatiable hungr, & grabit Afire, ifor Anowledge,
Markist. We are, as webave always been, the only creature an
The power of knowing is and surest provise
& coverantive keep with future generation.
Let us approach that understand as a the pert fire
of the mind brightly burning
From Rofin astp
AAAS Speech Topics
The FY 92 budget emphasizes strengthening our research
base through increased Federal funding and incentives for
the private sector to invest in our future.
The Administration is proposing to spend a record amount
on R&D. We propose to increase funding by over $8 billion
to $76 billion, a 13% increase over the 1991 level.
O
We propose to make permanent the 20% Research and
Experimentation tax credit. This will help spur
innovation through increasing incentives for companies to
invest in the future.
The National Science Foundation budget is proposed to
increase by 18% to $2.7 billion, continuing the
President's commitment to double NSF funding.
The budget emphasizes both basic research funding and
programs to spur commercialization of key generic
technologies. Basic research spending is proposed to
increase by $1 billion to over $13 billion. The budget
includes increased funding for applied research programs
such as The High Performance Computing and Communications
program.
Math and science education is highlighted in the National
Education Goals. The U.S. is aiming to be #1 in math and
science by the year 2000.
Example of scientific advances: see attached sheet on
telecommunications.
1.
Revitalizing rural areas: According to a recent
Washington Post article, "Fiber optics, fast electronic
switching, and powerful user-friendly desktop computers
mean that in both word and image, New York and Utah,
Philadelphia and North Dakota are just nanoseconds apart."
In fact, several companies have moved operations to North
Dakota to take advantage of lower operating costs and a
stable, educated workforce. These moves were made
possible by new fiber optic systems that allow
instantaneous transmission of large amounts of information
between facilities scattered throughout the country.
2.
Enabling remote medical diagnosis: High speed
telecommunications is helping alleviate the shortage of
doctors in rural areas and improving the quality of
medical care throughout the nation. New teleradiography
systems allow doctors at one site to view x-rays and make
diagnosis of patients thousands of miles away. The Mayo
Clinic, for example, is using video teleconferencing and
high speed data transfer to allow specialists at its
Rochester, Minnesota headquarters to diagnose patients in
Arizona and Florida.
3.
Turning homes into information and learning centers: New
database and network services are helping Americans
realize the promise of the information revolution. Using
these services, students can access encyclopedias, science
journals, and books, and play games that teach them
geography, science, and current events. One such system,
Prodigy, a joint IBM/Sears venture, has 750,000 users.
These examples demonstrate the new and exciting
opportunities enabled by advanced telecommunications. It is
worthwhile considering ways to accelerate deployment of these
new technologies.
TO POTUS on
(Lange/Cawley)
February 14, 1991
4:00 P.M.
[AAAS3.DOC]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
ROOM 450
10:00
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1991
[[ Thank you, Dr. Bromley. Dr. Atkinson, Dr. Langenberg, Dr.
Lederman ["LEDDERMAN"], Dr. Rowland; distinguished friends of
science. ]] It's an honor to be here. Since its founding nearly
a century and a half ago, your association has watched over the
most far-reaching and breathtaking transformation that human
society has ever known. Science and technology have brought
unprecedented prosperity, mobility, health, and security to
millions, around the world.
Today, the spirit of innovation is alive and well in
America. [[ Of course, times have changed. Some say that if
Edison had invented the lightbulb today, we'd have scores of
studies citing the dangers of electricity -- and the newspapers
would headline the story, "Candle Industry Threatened." ]]
Science and technology have touched all of our lives, from
the way we do our jobs to the kind of medical care we receive.
And especially in the last few weeks, anyone who's been near a
television has seen dramatic evidence of how technology is
changing the face of war. Modern weapons are making it possible
to face down aggression without the degree of widespread
destruction and loss of civilian life of wars past. That's why
I'll be visiting the workers who make the Patriot missile, later
today.
2
Our investment in defense research and development over the
past decade is now saving the lives of Americans -- of our allies
-- and even of our adversaries. I am certain that this struggle
will end decisively. Let us all pray that it ends quickly. III
Next week, the administration will release its National
Energy Strategy -- with new public and private initiatives to
increase energy efficiency and conservation, preserve our
environment, encourage alternative sources of energy, and reduce
our vulnerability to foreign oil supply disruptions.
Now, some will say that reducing our energy vulnerability is
not enough -- that we should take more drastic measures for total
energy independence. But then, there's reality. We are a long
way from achieving total energy independence. We must avoid
unwise and extreme measures, such as oil import fees and
excessive CAFE standards for automobiles that would seriously
hurt American consumers, American jobs, and American industries.
Instead, we must pursue an energy strategy that is reasonable,
balanced, and comprehensive. That will keep us on the course
toward strong economic growth.
Science and technology will also be a crucial key to our
economic strength. If the past is prologue, our economic future
is going to be very bright indeed. Over a third of the economic
growth we've enjoyed since the 1930's has been the result of new
knowledge, including science and technology. And beyond advances
in prosperity and security, work on the frontiers of knowledge is
one of humanity's greatest adventures.
3
For all of these reasons, the budget that I sent to Capitol
Hill last week included a 13 percent increase for research and
development. That increase is one of the largest in the budget
-- and it's proof of our determination to make the investments
needed to ensure this country's continued leadership. We intend
to help scientists spend less time searching for funding, and
more time making breakthroughs.
One of our highest priorities is basic research --
especially by the individual scientist or small team. To support
their work, our budget calls for a billion dollar increase in
basic research. Funding at the National Science Foundation would
go up 18 percent, which would put the NSF budget back on the
track toward the doubling that I've long sought -- and increases
in basic research at the N.I.H., Department of Energy, NASA, and
the Department of Agriculture will add to the base of knowledge
on which the future is being built.
At the same time, this budget makes a strong commitment to
the facilities that many individual scientists will need to reach
the future frontiers of their fields. That means nuclear
accelerators in physics, telescopes in astronomy, a strong space
science program at NASA, and the human genome project in biology
-- all projects that will have a profound impact on humanity.
Over the next year, the United States will spend over a
billion dollars on the U.S. Global Change Program. Part of our
efforts take the form of a Mission to Planet Earth, where
satellites will monitor the Earth from space. And our Mission
4
from Planet Earth will extend human curiosity to frontiers beyond
our own planet, to the Moon, to the planets, and beyond.
But along with record federal investment in R & D, totalling
$76 billion, we are committed to working with American industry
to make it easier for companies to capitalize on the discoveries
of basic science -- and to develop new products and processes.
That's why I am again calling on the Congress to make the
research and experimentation tax credit permanent -- to make a
long-term commitment to our technological future.
We face a crucial challenge in developing the generic
technologies important to both the public and private sectors.
That's why the budget supports work in high performance computing
and communications, in energy research and development, in
aeronautics, and in biotechnology -- the basis for some of the
most promising industries of the 21st century.
Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the
key to technology. The National Education Goals we established
with the nation's governors explicitly recognize this link. One
of our most ambitious goals is for American students to be first
in the world in science and math achievement by the year 2000.
Our budget includes substantial funding increases for math
and science education. But those math and science goals will
never be achieved if they're seen as goals for government alone.
All sectors of society must recognize the importance of
scientific literacy and strive to achieve it.
5
And that's where the AAAS comes in. Your Project 2061 is
working where all lasting change must occur -- at the local level
-- to transform the teaching of mathematics and science.
Last fall, we had 200 of the best mathematics and science
teachers in the country to the White House -- and more than a few
of those teachers pointed out that kids are natural-born
scientists. They delight in the sheer pleasure of learning new
things, making something work, understanding the world.
This delight is something most scientists never lose. The
Nobel-prize-winning geneticist Barbara McClintock once said of
her work, "I did it because it was fun. I couldn't wait to get
up in the morning. I never thought of it as science."
The sheer adventure of science is one of the main reasons
for holding this meeting -- and for the continued vitality of the
"Triple-A, S." Sharing science's sense of adventure through
education and outreach has never been more important than now.
Your work is vitally important. Of all humanity's concerns,
the power of knowing is the greatest pursuit -- the surest
promise of a brighter future -- the greatest covenant we keep
with future generations.
So let us pursue the adventure of science as a sacred trust.
And let us keep the fire of the American mind burning brightly,
for the sake of the future our children deserve.
Thank you all. May God bless the United States of America.
# # #
stage /Pres i Browley
Pres/Br/cab.
Watkins
Truly
Officers in front row
Dr. Atkinson
Dr. Langenberg
Dr. Letterman
Dr. Rowland
Copy to POTUS
(Lange/Cawley)
February 13, 1991
11:15 A.M.
[AAAS.DOC]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
SHERATON WASHINGTON
10:00
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1991
[[ Thank you, Dr. Atkinson. Dr. Langenberg, Dr. Lederman
["LETTERMAN"]; Dr. Rowland; Dr. Bromley; distinguished friends of
X
X
x
X
science. ]] It's an honor to be here. Since its founding nearly
AAS 91
Handbook,
X
X
X
X
x
X
a century and a half ago, your association has watched over the
Intro
most far-reaching and breathtaking transformation that human
society has ever known. Science and technology have brought
unprecedented prosperity, mobility, health, and security to
millions, around the world.
Today, the spirit of innovation is alive and well in
America. [[ Of course, times have changed. Some say that if
Edison had inve nted the lightbulb today, we'd have scores of
studies citing the dangers of electricity -- and the newspapers
would headline the story, "Candle Industry Threatened." ]]
Anyone who's been near a television in recent weeks has seen
dramatic evidence of how technology is changing the face of war.
Modern weapons are making it possible to face down aggression
without the degree of widespread destruction and loss of civilian
x
life of wars past. That's why I'll be visiting the workers who
make X the Patriot missile, later today.
X
Dan
Our investment in defense research and development over the
past decade is now saving the lives of Americans -- of our allies
2
-- and even of our adversaries. I am certain that this struggle
will end decisively. Let us all pray that it ends quickly. \\\
Here at home, science and technology are also a crucial key
to our economic strength. If the past is prologue, our economic
over
future is going to be very bright indeed. Over half of the
er steve Olson,
economic growth we've enjoyed since the 1930's has been the
rends
in
AM.
Growth 1929 result of new knowledge, including science and technology. And
>y E. Derison
beyond advances in prosperity and security, work on the frontiers
of knowledge is one of humanity's greatest adventures.
For all of these reasons, the budget that I sent to Capitol
Budget,
Hill last week included a 13 percent increase for research and
Feb.4, 91
pt2,p35
development
That increase is one of the largest in the budget
-- and it's proof of our determination to make the investments
orinne Noonan
JMB
needed to ensure this country's continued leadership. We intend
to help scientists spend less time searching for funding, and
more time making breakthroughs.
One of our highest priorities is basic research --
especially by the individual scientist or smaller team.
To
sudget,36
X
support their work, our budget calls for a billion dollar
increase in basic research. Funding at the National Science
Foundation would go up 18 percent, which would put the NSF budget
back on the track toward the doubling that I've long sought --
and increases in basic research at the N.I.H., Department of
Energy, NASA, and the Department of Agriculture will add to the
base of knowledge on which the future is being built.
3
audget,
At the same time, this budget makes a strong commitment to
the facilities that many individual scientists will need to reach
Y
the future frontiers of their fields. That means nuclear
OK olson
XP63
accelerators in physics, telescopes in astronomy a strong space
X
X
science program at NASA, and the human genome project in biology
-- all projects that will have a profound impact on humanity.
Over the next year, the United States will spend over a
Budget,
billion dollars on the U.S. Global Change Program. Part of our
38
X
x
in
efforts take the form of a Mission to Planet Earth, where
satellites will monitor the Earth from space. And our Mission
from Planet Earth will extend human curiosity to frontiers beyond
our own planet, to the Moon, to the planets, and beyond.
But along with record investment in federal R &D, totalling
$76 billion, we are committed to working with American industry
to make it easier for companies to capitalize on the discoveries
of basic science -- and to develop new products and X processes.
X
X
That's why I am again calling on the Congress to make the
research and experimentation tax credit permanent -- to make a
long-term commitment to our technological future.
We face a crucial challenge in developing the generic
technologies important to both the public and private sectors.
That's why the budget supports work in high performance computing
and communications, in energy research and development, in
aeronautics, and in biotechnology -- the basis for some of the
most promising industries of the 21st century.
4
Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the
Ex 9.27-89 89
key to technology. The National Education Goals we established
with the nation's governors explicitly recognize this link. One
of our most ambitious goals is for American students to be first
1990
in the world in science and math achievement by the year 2000.
Our budget includes substantial funding increases for math
ENGINEERING
sudget,
and science education. But those math and science goals will
p+
2/14
never be achieved if they're seen as goals for government alone.
All sectors of society must recognize the importance of
scientific literacy and strive to achieve it.
And that's where the AAAS comes in. Your Project 2061 is
magazine 12/90 1327
working where all lasting change must occur -- at the local level
to transform the teaching of mathematics and science AND
SOCIAL
STUDIES
Last fall, we had 200 of the best mathematics and science
residential M&S M+ Awar, 1990 Oct.2
teachers in the country to the White House -- and more than a few
of those teachers pointed out that kids are natural-born
scientists. They delight in the sheer pleasure of learning new
things, making something work, understanding the world.
This delight is something most scientists never lose. The
search
Nobel-prize-winning geneticist Barbara McClintock once said of
salutions or Horace,
her work, "I did it because it was fun. I couldn't wait to get
+
up in the morning. I never thought of it as science."
p-4
The sheer adventure of science is one of the main reasons
for holding this meeting -- and for the continued vitality of the
"Triple-A, S." Sharing science's sense of adventure through
education and outreach has never been more important than now.
5
Your work is vitally important. Of all humanity's concerns,
the power of knowing is the greatest pursuit -- the surest
promise of a brighter future -- the greatest covenant we keep
with future generations.
So let us pursue the adventure of science as a sacred trust.
And let us keep the fire of the American mind burning brightly,
for the sake of the future our children deserve.
Thank you all. May God bless the United States of America.
# # #
C As staffed. fager
(Lange/Cawley)
February 11, 1991
1:15 P.M.
[AAAS.DOC]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
SHERATON WASHINGTON
ADD: Dr. Rowland
10:00
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1991
(Letterman)
Olson ?
[[ Thank you, Dr. Atkinson. Dr. Langenberg, Dr. Lederman;
Dr. Bromley; distinguished friends of science. ]] It's an honor
AAS 191
to be here. Since its founding nearly a century and a half ago,
Handbook Intro
the AAAS [ "Triple-A, S" ] has been a seedbed for some of the
be
draft
best scientific minds in America.
Your association has helped guide the most far-reaching and
breathtaking transformation that human society has ever known.
Over the course of this century, science and technology have
brought unprecedented prosperity, mobility, health, and security
to millions -- here, and around the world.
Today, the spirit of innovation is alive and well in
America. [[ Of course, times have changed. Some say that if
Edison had invented the lightbulb today, we'd have scores of
studies citing the dangers of electricity --- and the newspapers
would headline the story, "Candle Industry Threatened." ]]
But because this country has long embodied the virtues of
free inquiry and invention, we've been given great power, and
greater responsibility. Science has greatly broadened human
potential -- the potential to do harm as well as good. Yet the
words of Thomas Jefferson to General Kosciusko, the great Polish-
American freedom fighter, still ring true: "The main objects of
refferson
cyclopedia all science, " he wrote, "are the freedom and happiness of man."
vol. 2, p.792
Encyc. Americana
vol. 16, P. 568
2
Today, we are witness to wonders of science that outweigh
some of its greatest terrors. Anyone who's been near a
television in recent weeks has seen dramatic evidence of how
technology is changing the face of war. Modern weapons are
making it possible to face down aggression without the degree of
widespread destruction and loss of civilian life of wars past.
Our investment in defense research and development over the
past decade is now saving the lives of Americans -- of our allies
-- and even of our adversaries. I am certain that this struggle
will end decisively. Let us all pray that it ends quickly.
Here at home, science and technology are also a crucial key
to our economic strength. The Presidency brings no powers of
prophecy, but if the past is prologue, our economic future is
going to be very bright indeed.
steve
Draft
Over half of the economic growth we've enjoyed since the
jison
1930'' S has been the result of new knowledge -- including the
results of science and technology. By any measure, the economic
returns on science and technology are dramatic.
But beyond advances in prosperity and security, we also gain
an important intellectual and spiritual dimension. Work on the
frontiers of human knowledge represents one of the greatest
adventures of mankind. In an important sense, it is what makes
our species unique in the rich fabric of life.
For all of these reasons, the budget that I sent to Capitol
sudget - 4, Hill last week included a 13 percent increase for research and
p35 development. That increase is one of the largest in the budget
3
-- and it's proof of our determination to make the investments
needed to ensure this country's continued leadership. We intend
to help scientists spend less time searching for funding, and
more time making breakthroughs.
One of our highest priorities is basic research --
A
especially by the individual scientist or smaller team. To
A
Budget
support their work, our budget calls for a billion dollar
35
B
increase in basic research. Funding at the National Science
3
Foundation would go up 18 percent, which would put the NSF budget
back on the track toward the doubling that I've long sought. And
funding to support work on the basic sciences -- mostly by
applies R&D
individual investigators -- would go up by 16 percent.
Increases in basic research at the Department of Energy,
budget,
NIH, NASA and the Department of Agriculture will add to the base
patt2, P36
of knowledge on which the future is being built -- again with an
emphasis on individual investigators and smaller groups
I
At the same time, this budget makes a strong commitment to
/
Budget,
2,p35
the facilities that many of these same scientists will need to
2
"
2
reach the future frontiers of their fields. It nearly doubles
funding for the Superconducting Super Collider. 3 And we're
supporting a balanced program of other facilities and research
-- nuclear accelerators in physics, telescopes in astronomy, a
strong space science program at NASA, and the human genome
project in biology -- all projects that will have a profound
impact on humanity.
4
It is never possible to tell how or when scientific
discoveries will prove useful, but some basic research is
targeted at clear and immediate needs. Over the next year, for
parter, Budget, p37
example, the United States will spend over a billion dollars on
the U.S. Global Change Program. Part of our efforts take the
form of a Mission to Planet Earth, where satellites will monitor
the Earth from space and gauge its changes.
And even as we look inward, we must continue to look
outward, toward the stars, as man has done throughout the ages.
Budget,
Our Mission from Planet Earth will extend this human curiosity to
artz
P37-38
frontiers beyond our own planet, to the Moon, to the planets, and
beyond. As with much of science, we cannot be sure of what we
will find there. But we can be sure that the quest will make our
lives richer, both materially and spiritually.
This budget also provides for investments in more down-to-
earth technologies. We are committed to working with American
Budget,
industry to make it easier for companies to capitalize on the
part I
p.10
discoveries of basic science -- and to develop new products and
processes. That's why I am again calling on the Congress to make
lemo from
20D, 05TP
the research and experimentation tax credit permanent. It is
time for Congress to make this long-term commitment to our
technological future.
We face a crucial challenge in developing the generic
technologies important to both the public and private sectors.
Budget,
That's why the budget supports work in high performance computing
part
and communications, in energy research and development, in
2
5
Budget
3
aeronautics, and in biotechnology -- some of the most promising
1137-38
industries of the 21st century.
Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the
key to technology. The National Education Goals we established
Infrom Memb
with the nation's governors explicitly recognize this link. One
of our most ambitious goals is for American students to be first
1990 S.O.U.
in the world in science and math achievement by the year 2000.
This will not be an easy goal to reach, but we take it very
seriously. Last week, an interagency group under the leadership
of Secretary Watkins released a program calling for substantial
increases in federal funding for mathematics and science
education. That group also coordinates and integrates federal
activities, so that federal dollars go farther.
Still, those math and science goals will never be achieved
if they're seen as goals for government alone. All sectors of
society must recognize the importance of scientific literacy and
strive to achieve it.
And that's where the AAAS comes in. Your Project 2061 is
working where all lasting change must occur -- at the local level
,Isor
Draft
-- to transform the ways in which mathematics and science are
taught. We'll be looking closely at this experiment, to guide
our own efforts.
Last fall, we had 200 of the best mathematics and science
obondraft
teachers in the country to the White House -- and more than a few
of those teachers pointed out that teaching science to kids is
not really hard, because kids are natural-born scientists. They
per Olson:
Oct 2, 1990: 107 math science
from elementary level
Det .16, 1990: 100 from high school
6
delight in the sheer pleasure of learning new things, making
something work, understanding the world around them.
This delight is something most scientists never lose. The
Olson's book
Nobel-prize-winning geneticist Barbara McClintock once said of
her work, "I did it because it was fun," she said. "I couldn't
wait to get up in the morning. I never thought of it as
science."
The sheer adventure of science is one of the main reasons
for holding this meeting -- and for the existence of the "Triple-
A, S." There are many ways to share that sense of adventure,
through education and public outreach -- and it has never been
more important than now.
I firmly believe that the world's well-being depends more
than ever on science and technology. It is our nature. We are,
as we have always been, the only creature on this earth whose one
insatiable hunger, and greatest desire, is for knowledge.
Your work is vitally important. of all humanity's concerns,
the power of knowing is the greatest pursuit -- the surest
promise of a brighter future -- the greatest covenant we keep
with future generations.
So let us pursue the adventure of science as a sacred trust.
And let us keep the fire of the American mind burning brightly,
for the sake of the future our children deserve.
Thank you all. May God bless the United States of America.
# # #
SENT BY: AAAS
; 2- 9-91 10: 38AM ;
2023719526-
2024566218: 1
American
Association
for the Advancement of
745-71527
328-2000
Science
2605
Sheraton
(202) 1333 H 326-6640: Street, NW, FAX Washington, (202) 371-9526 DC 20005 745-0346 general #
Rm 63072
Cable Address: ADVANCESCI
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
February 9, 1991
Ms. Carolyn Cawley
Speechwriter, Office of Communications
Executive Office of the President
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Ms. Cawley:
After further discussion, it was determined that
by the President in his opening remarks. That individual is
additional AAAS officer, if possible, should be recognized one
at the University of California at Irvine. He is the
Dr. F. Sherwood Rowland, Donald Bren Professor of Chemistry
end of the annual meeting).
incoming President-Elect of AAAS (our officers change at the
All speech. four individuals will be present at the President's
Sincerely,
Gretchen Seiler
Executive Assistant to the
Executive Officer
SENT BY:AAAS
; 2-6-91 1:14PM ;
2023719526-
2024566218:# 1
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
TRANSMITTAL SHEET
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
DATE: 2/6/91
TO:
Carolyn Cawley, Office of Communications
Fax #: 456-5218
Phone #: 456-7750
FROM:
Gretchen Seiler Executive Assistant
Fax #:
(202) 371-9526
Phone #: (202) 326-6640
This transmission consists of
2
pages, including
this cover sheet.
SENT BY: AAAS
; 2- 6-91 1:14PM ;
2023719526->
2024566218; # 2
American
Association
for the Advancement of
Science
1333 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005
(202) 326-6640; FAX (202) 371-9526
Cable Address: ADVANCESCI
February 6, 1991
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Ms. Carolyn Cawley
Speechwriter, Office of Communications
Executive Office of the President
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Ms. Cawley:
I understand from Robin Woo of our meetings office that you
have requested a list of people to be recognized by the
President in his speech to the American Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS). Although the audience will
be filled with a number of very distinguished scientists it
will be nearly impossible to know exactly who will be there.
art try for direct feed
After consulting with Richard Nicholson, the AAAS Executive
Officer, we have decided it would be best to single out only
the current officers of the association. The names and
affiliations are as follows:
Dr. Richard Atkinson
Chairman, AAAS
Chancellor
(He will introduce
University of California, San Diego
President Bush)
Dr. Donald N. Langenberg
President, AAAS
Chancellor
University of Maryland System
Dr. Leon M. Lederman
President-Elect,
Director-Emeritus
AAAS
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
(Winner of 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics)
Please let me know if you want bios for these individuals or
if there is any other information I can provide. I
very condinversial, antagrized OSTP
believe that Denise Graveline, the head of our office of
communications, will be contacting you shortly with more
meetings and press information.
Bromery be are
We are delighted at the possibility of having the President
speak and ready to help in any way to facilitate matters.
Sincerely,
Section Such
Gretchen Seiler
Executive Assistant to the
American
Meetings & Publications (202) 326-6450
Association
Marketing & Sales (202) 326-6446
for the Advancement of
Meetings (202) 326-6448
Publications (202) 326-6460
Science
FAX: (202) 289-4021
1333 H STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC, 20005
FROM: Robin Woo
DATE: 2/6
TO: Carolyn Cawley
Prior to Truman's 1948
address to AAAS, it was
customary for Presidents
to address the meeting
when it was iN D.C.
(see p. 106, Handbook).
Cav we get a copy of
Truman's address ??
Fax #: 289-4021
Thanks !
Robin
N
E
W
S
F
R
O
M
AAAS
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005
AAAS BACKGROUND INFORMATION
In a world changed daily by scientific and technological
breakthroughs, the American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS) plays a crucial role. The Association's members
number more than 134, 000 scientists from the full variety of
disciplines, as well as professionals, educators and citizens
interested in scientific issues.
Founded in 1848, AAAS is a private, independent organization that
also serves as an informational and research hub for the ten
million members of the Association's 300 affiliate organizations,
which include local, state, national, and international
scientific groups.
AAAS aims to:
Further the work of scientists,
Facilitate cooperation among them,
Foster scientific freedom and responsibility,
Improve the effectiveness of science in the
promotion of human welfare,
Advance education in science, and
Increase public understanding and appreciation of
the promise of scientific methods in human
progress.
AAAS is responsible for a variety of national and local programs
seeking to promote or improve scientific endeavors here and
around the world, including science education reform. The
Association also convenes an annual, multidisciplinary meeting at
which scientists present their latest research. It also
publishes SCIENCE, an award-winning weekly journal featuring
original peer-reviewed scientific articles as well as some of the
nation's best science journalism, news and commentary.
Established by Thomas Edison in 1880, SCIENCE has been the
Association's official weekly since 1900.