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Commander in Chief's Trophy 4/19/91 [OA 6897] [1]
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Commander in Chief's Trophy 4/19/91 [OA 6897] [1]
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
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Chron Files, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
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Folder ID Number:
13752-006
Folder Title:
Commander in Chief's Trophy 4/19/91 [OA 6897] [1]
Stack:
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G
26
21
3
5
8
(Smith/Grossman)
April 5, 1991
Draft One The
FORCE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TROPHY REMARKS
ROSE GARDEN
THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1991
Lieutenant General Ham <0 and as ( 105 ) we mourn your retirement,
we salute your career. / Mr. cool DeBerry, Colonel Clune. Players,
coaches, and official family of the Air Force Academy. // Let me
welcome you to the White House. And to ceremonies about a
rotating trophy which, it seems has found a home in Colorado
appears
Springs. //
www.bain
For nearly two decades, the Commander in Chief's Trophy has
embodied football supremacy among the Air Force Academy, West
Point, and Anapolis. / As a Navy man, I'm obliged to say: You
made the Air Force achieve supremacy. You helped the blue and
gold rule the sky. // (1054)
in
Lizo
Look at this year. Air Force 15, Army 3 -- the first time
in a decade you beat the Cadets at West Point. // Colin Powell
still hasn't forgiven you. // Air Force 24, Navy 7. // Ouch. //
nevel
[[GAMBLE] ]
You know, in the novel, The American Boy, the author putich reminds
us: "In life, as in a football game, the principle to follow is:
'Hit the line hard. " // Ask Eddie Rickenbacker. He hit the
line hard. So did Billy Mitchell and Chuck Yeager and the
Mercury 7. / They were proud to be air warriors. They made us
You using as
3
the real peace which means the triumph of freedom -- not merely
the absence of war. //
Today, millions once enslaved are warmed by the lamp of
liberty. The Air Force helped light it -- showing that tyranny
is powerless against the primacy of the heart. // Today, too, as
a result, the United States has seldom stood taller in the
councils of the world. Never again will friend or foe doubt
America's resolve to win a war or secure the peace. // To which
A
I say: Thank God. Thank you. //
I have often noted how "Character is not something you have.
Character is something you are." The Air Force forms the essence
of America's character. Self-reliant. / Generous. //
Courageous. / True. //
years ago, spoke of this when he said: "
. " Let
-
me close with another story that proves that fact anew. It
happened in the Gulf, and shows the resolution and dedication of
our men and women in uniform. //
Scott Thomas was an All-American football safety at the
Academy. His nickname was "Spike"; it described how he played,
and how he led. // After graduating, Scott joined the 33rd
\
un/
Tactical Unit at Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina -- and in
an 30,mc 30,
December, went to the Gulf. / One day, Scott's plane had
mechanical failure. He ejected safely -- only to find himself
inside Iraqi territory.
/
Lying on the ground, Scott thought of his football days --
as he says now, "knowing you've got to succeed so that the team
noved he
3
again ever will friend or foe doubt America's resolve to
win a war or secure the peace. //
I have often spoke of how "Character is not something you
have. Character is something you are." The Air Force forms the
essence of America's character. Self-reliant. / Generous. //
Courageous.
/
True.
X-
years ago,
spoke
of
PH
when
he
said:
-
"
" Let me close with a story that proves that point anew.
It happened in the Gulf, and shows the resolution and dedication
of our men and women in uniform.
Scott Thomas was an All-American football safety at the
chall
Academy. His nickname was "Spike"; it described how he played non
the game. // Scott was with the 33rd Tactical Unit at Shaw Air
Force Base in South Carolina. In he went to the Gulf, where
his plane crashed because of a malfunction. In the greatest
crisis of his life, Scott relied on the steel and bravery which
inspired him on the football field. // He lived, and was rescued
by our forces, Soon he 11 be coming home is home to loved ones,
home to a grateful Nation, home to a people bent on what is
right, and just. //
Und
States
What a definition of the greatness that is the Air Force.
What a metaphor for the liberty which sets, and keeps, men free.
Thank you for what you've done -- you and your colleagues -- for
America on and off the gridiron. God bless you, and the United
States of America.
we d
#
#
#
#
u gaid salas
scott
the and Swee
bi ple had archab tils. the girs sales as
1 his will ml
we Liam andrew un.
No.
-
in
4
can succeed." He was helped by his wingman and best friend Eric
Dodson, who organized a rescue operation. // Inspired by the
teamwork and bravery which inspired him on the football field,
Scott Thomas is with us today. Why? Because, he says, what the
Air Foce taught him "not just about football. but about living -
- making decisions, knowing what's right and what's wrong. //
In the greatest crisis of his life, this American hero
relied on the steel and bravery forged at the Air Force Academy.
Like you, he made a decision for right against wrong. What a
definition of the greatness that is the Unitd States Air Force.
What a metaphor for the liberty which sets, and keeps, men free.
// Thank you for what you've done for America on and off the
gridiron. God bless you, and the United States of America.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Grossman)
April 8, 1991
Draft Two
FORCE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TROPHY REMARKS
ROSE GARDEN
THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1991
Lieutenant General Hamm. \ Today as we mourn your
retirement, we also salute your career. / Coach DeBerry -- the
Norman Schwartzkopf of the gridiron. / Colonel Clune. Players,
coaches, and official family of the Air Force Academy // Let me
welcome you to the White House. And to ceremonies about a
Cup amo , faleens.
rotating trophy which has found a home in Colorado Springs. //
For nearly two decades, the Commander in Chief's Trophy has
embodied football supremacy among the Air Force Academy, West
Point, and Anapolis. / [[Which brings me to a favor: Let's keep
this between you and me. I wouldn't want Anapolis to know that
an old Navy man is giving a trophy to the Air Force. ]] //
There is a line from a novel every Air Forceman can
lashi
appreciate: "In life, as in a football game, the principle is:
'Hit the line hard. // Think of Eddie Rickenbacker. He hit
-
the line hard. So did Billy Mitchell and Chuck Yeager and the
Mercury 7. // They were proud to be air warriors -- made us
proud to be Americans. They knew ours would not be the land of
the free if it were not also the home of the brave. //
This year, you reflected that history. Air Force 15, Army 3
-- the first time in a decade you beat the Cadets at West Point.
// [[Colin Powell still hasn't forgiven you]]. // Air Force 24,
2
Navy 7. // Ouch. // [Barbara got an idea of what it's like to
go up against your defense back in January when she slid into a
tree. ]] //
You won six regular-season victories. // [[Come to think of
it, what's left to conquer? In the last eight months, the Air
Force has defeated Army, Navy, and the Republican Guard. ]] //
And, no, I'm not forgetting what you did to Ohio State in the
Liberty Bowl -- the biggest upset since the last time I caught a
fish. // On the ground -- in the sky -- you looked opponents in
the eye -- and made those opponents blink. //
Ask linebacker Brian Hill. He led the Falcons in tackles
against Ohio State -- a school whose head trainer is his dad. //
I hear you passed up a visit to the Pentagon because you consider
Brian to be the real Secretary of Defense. // Ask and - and
. They know, too, how heart can achieve impossible dreams. //
-
So does Chris Howard. In 1989, he was one of two Academy cadets
to win a Rhodes Scholarship. In 1990, he helped other players,
coaches, administrators, and fans win the game of football, and
the larger game of life. //
This year, of course, the Air Force helped win the biggest
game of all. I speak of the Persian Gulf -- and more
specifically, your demand that aggression must not stand. //
Since 19 , the Air Force has known that when it comes to
national defense, finishing second means finishing last. So in
the Gulf, you helped self-determination finish first. Achieving
(Smith/Grossman)
April 8, 1991
Draft Three
FORCE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TROPHY REMARKS
ROSE GARDEN
THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1991
careed s.t. of an opener w/motto )maybe s.t.
Lieutenant General Hamm -- as we mourn your retirement, we
also salute your career. / Coach DeBerry -- the Norman
Schwartzkopf of the gridiron. / Colonel Clune. Players,
coaches, and official family of the Air Force Academy. //
a ceremony
Welcome to the White House And to ceremonies about a rotating
the
come to neast among the Falcons
trophy which has found a home in Colorado Springs. //
(munl
in
For nearly two decades, the Commander in Chief' Trophy has
embodied football supremacy among the Air Force talking Academy, long enough West transit
haven't
been
you
formal to casual from is
Point, and Anapolis. / [[Which brings me to a favor: Let's keep too
abrupt
this between you and me. I wouldn't want Anapolis to know that
an old Navy man is giving a trophy to the Air Force. ]] / /
But all servicement
Let me begin with a n adage every Air Forceman can appreciate: adage:
the old
"In life, as in a football game, the principle to follow is:
'Hit the line hard. // Think of Eddie Rickenbacker. He hit
the line hard. So did Billy Mitchell and Chuck Yeager and the
Mercury 7. // They were proud to be air warriors -- made us
proud to be Americans. They knew ours would not be the land of
the free if it were not also the home of the brave. //
This year, you wrote another chapter in that pioneering
history. Air Force 15, Army 3 -- the first time in a decade you
beat the Cadets at West Point. // [[Colin Powell still hasn't
not Junny
2
forgiven you]]. // Air Force 24, Navy 7. // Ouch. // [[Barbara
got an idea of what it's like to go up against your defense back
in January when she slid into a tree. 11 / / too many jokes
You won six regular-season victories. // [[Come to think of
it, what's left to conquer? In the last eight months, the Air
Force has defeated Army, Navy, and the Republican Guard. ]] //
And, no, I'm not forgetting what you did to Ohio State in the
Liberty Bowl -- the biggest upset since the last time I caught a not funn
fish // On the ground -- in the sky -- you looked opponents in
we all know who betaked first
the eye -- and made those opponents blink. //
Ask linebacker Brian Hill. He led the Falcons in tackles
against Ohio State -- a school whose head trainer is his dad. //
[[I hear you passed up a visit to the Pentagon because you ??
consider Brian to be the real Secretary of Defense. ]] // Ask
Chris Howard. In 1989, he was one of two Academy cadets to win a
Rhodes Scholarship. In 1990, he and other teammates -- and
-
and
and -- helped Air Force win the game of football, and
the larger game of life. //
This year, of course, the Air Force helped win not a game
"of course
--- but a crusade for what is right and just. I refer to the
Persian Gulf -- where you ensured that aggression would not
stand. // Since 19 the Air Force has known that when it comes
to national defense, finishing second means finishing last. So
justice
upafthous
in the Gulf, you helped self determination finish first.
Cremember the Kinds)
Achieving the real peace which means the triumph of freedom --
not merely the absence of war. //
3
As a result, today millions once enslaved are warmed by the
lamp of liberty. Today, too, the United States has seldom stood
taller in the councils of the world. Never again will friend or
foe doubt America's resolve to win a war or secure the peace. //
To which I say: Thank God. And thank you. //
I have often said that "Character is not something you have.
mut
Character is something you are." The Air Force forms the essence
of America's character. Self-reliant. Generous. Courageous.
heads
True. 11 years ago, spoke of this when he observed: "
that
"
to
Let me close with another story that reaffirms that fact.
It occurred in the Gulf, and shows the resolution and dedication
of our troops in gold and blue. //
Scott Thomas was an All-American football safety at the
-- his football oppunents can tell
Academy. His nickname was "Spike"; it described how he played,
you why
and how he led. // After graduating, Scott joined the 33rd
Tactical Unit at Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina --- and in
December, went to the Gulf. / There, one day, his plane had
mechanical failure. He ejected safely -- only to find himself
inside Iraqi territory. //
?
Lying on the ground, Scott thought of his football days --
as he says, "knowing you've got to succeed so that the team can
succeed. " Once, his teammates were Air Force Falcons. Now, it
was his wingman and best friend Eric Dodson, who organized a
good
rescue operation. //
Staff
In the greatest crisis of his life, Spike Thomas relied on
the steel and bravery forged at the Air Force Academy. He never
more
details?
4
panicked. He kept his eye on the ball. What an example of the
greatness that is the United States Air Force. What a metaphor
wire not talking
for the liberty which sets, and keeps, men free. // about tiberty have
who will follow in their footsteps
To Scott and Eric -- to all of you -- America salutes your
splendid year on and off the gridiron. God bless you. Next
year, take it easy on the Naval Academy. And may God bless the
United States of America.
#
#
#
#
Prosperity with a Purpose
15
was too low, but I had some great
Was there ever some special time-a home run, a close
fielding play?
coach in Ethan Allen, a former
e Eastern Intercollegiate Cham-
"Actually, about the only home run I ever hit came at a
parallels
competing with some of the na-
perfect time. It was our game with the Yale alumni. These
story
d in 1947 we went to Kalamazoo,
guys were really trying to show us up. To make things even
of
ollegiate World Series, which we
more interesting, my young uncle was pitching for the
young
3 we were right back in the World
alumni. He would never forget it, and neither will I. He
Fakon
getting edged out by Southern
was determined to strike me out and I was determined to at
who
me.
least connect. Well, I connected all right, sending the ball
won vs.
team was our ace pitcher, Frank
his dads
into the left-field stands. It was a pleasure that sustained
he Boston Red Sox for 100,000
me all during my youth, and in a sense even now in my
team.
was an astronomical amount of
adult years."
aseball player. Another pitcher,
th the Pittsburgh Pirates. As a
A lot has been said about your family-your father's
have been six out of our starting
great success, the wealth and privilege. After graduating
majors.
from Yale you had it made. The story is that you could have
ts, Yale didn't usually get much
stayed back East with the family in a permanent job with
: for the university to produce a
Brown Brothers Harriman, but that you rejected all of that
iskeeper named Morris Green-
to head out to Texas.
ium playing field immaculate.
e team."
"I wanted to get out on my own and do something for
myself. It was kind of that call, 'Go West, young man, go
hood idol of yours?
West.' Like a lot of Navy couples, Barbara and I had been
transferred all over the place, and both of us had loved
ly more of a Lou Gehrig fan.
Texas. We had vowed that one day we would go back. My
ther often took me to Yankee
uncle told me about an opening for work in the oil fields. So
m of playing first base someday.
Babe Ruth paid a visit to Yale
we packed everything in our red Studebaker and headed
West."
esent his papers. So we held a
Since I was captain of the team, I
ng his papers in behalf of Yale.
Is it true that your first job was pushing a broom?
wasting away with cancer. It
"Yes, that's true. I started out as a clerk in an oil equip-
had been one of America's most
ment company in Odessa. Barbara and I lived in a humble
MAN OF Wead
f the greatest days of my young
little apartment, and we shared the bathroom with a lady
who lived in a house trailer next to us.
(Smith)
April 4, 1989
Draft Five
FRI
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: POLITICAL APPOINTEES
ROOM 450
FRIDAY, APRIL 7, 1989
Ladies and gentlemen, fellow members of our team.
I want to thank you for that introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a
confession to make.
You know, it's been said -- now, this will shock you -- that
sometimes I have a hard time being understood. And, of course,
I'm tempted to say that I resemble that charge.
But I'll admit, it's true. And all I can say is that I'm in
some distinguished company.
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a
fatalist?" replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps." And
Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, once observed of
his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had a
wonderful repertoire with them."
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often have
their meaning blurred.
Well, today, let no one blur this message. Let it ring loud
and clear. Ethical standards are central to our Administration
and our Nation, and we will enforce them: strictly,
comprehensively, fairly, and to the letter and spirit of the law.
Ten weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked
its members to recommend steps which would foster full confidence
in the integrity of all Federal public officials and employees.
On March 9, this Commission filed its report and its
recommendations. And, today, I am announcing a new Executive
Order and legislation to enforce government ethics in fact, not
merely in theory. This afternoon, legislation is being sent to
the Congress. And in a few moments, I will issue my Executive
Order, affecting executive-branch employees.
Both actions seek a common end: To raise ethical standards,
to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that violating the
tolerated. law -- even the appearance of wrong-doing -- will not be
There are those, of course, who rightly say that public
ethics and values cannot be legislated. But they can be
encouraged, respected, and adhered to in government. Public
servants must reflect the best values of America. And let me add
that most public servants do. They are decent and devoted men
and women. They care deeply about their Nation, and their
responsibility to its citizens.
Jefferson said, "The whole art of government consists in
being honest." Yet, too often, government rules have worked at
cross-purposes. Our regulations have been unfair, complicated,
and inconsistent. Our laws have been contradictory and unclear.
We've spent more time trying to understand Federal ethics laws
than we have trying to live by them.
Our ethics program seeks to change all that. How? By
achieving four objectives: First, to set high ethical standards;
second, to ensure uniform standards among all three branches of
government; third, to insist that these standards are fair and
reasonable; and, fourth, to bring in, not drive out, the talented
and enterprising to government.
First, our ethics program insists that ethical standards
must be exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost
integrity. The public's confidence is not ours to inherit. We
must earn that confidence. It must be constantly renewed.
Therefore, our bill will dramatically increase financial
disclosure requirements. Moreover, it will prohibit the personal
use of contributions by political action committees and toughen
the rules for such contributions. PAC-Man may play in pizza
parlors, but it's time we pulled its plug in Washington, D.C.
My friends, the PAC freight train is out of control. Unless
we stop it, it will steamroll democracy. Consider: In 1972, PAC
contributions to House and Senate candidates totaled $12 million;
last year, they skied to $150 million. In 1974, there were 608
PACs; today, there are about 4,200.
This feeding trough protects incumbents, impairs
challengers, and, as The Washington Post said recently, helps
"give new meaning to the term life member.' In 1988, PAC money
favored incumbents over challengers by eight to one. Our
Founding Fathers created a two-year term of office for the House
of Representatives to make that body responsive and responsible.
With a re-election rate of 98.5 per cent, how can it be either?
Worse, PAC money enshrines special interests at the expense
of the general interest. You've heard the motto, "Money talks."
Well, in politics, too often it bellows. Our reforms can change
that, and defend America's good, quiet, decent people. That is
why we support sweeping reductions in the amounts that PACs. can
contribute. We want to reduce maximum contributions to an
individual from $5,000 to $1,000. We want to cap calendar-year
PAC contributions to federal candidates at $25,000. Our proposal
will put corporations and labor PACs on an equal footing. It
will strengthen America's two-party system. Above all, it will
send this clarion message: "Democracy is not for sale."
Our ethics program's second goal insists that standards be
equitable across all three branches of government. By saying
"Yes" to fairness, we can reject a double standard.
Remember: If every branch of government is equal, none
warrants preferential treatment. If Washington is a level
playing field, then every member of the team should be treated
equally.
Therefore, assuming the continued existence of the
Independent Counsel, I request that we extend that statute to
cover the Congress. I want to create an independent ethics
office for the Congress, to be headed by an independent official,
confirmed by both houses. I ask that the existing one-year post-
employment "cooling-off" period for senior executive-branch
employees also apply to other branches. And I want to extend to
legislative- and judicial-branch employees and judges the Federal
statute that prohibits employees from taking actions which
enhance their own financial interests.
Then, there's the third objective of our ethics program. It
insists that standards be reasonable and reflect good old-
fashioned common sense.
Some financial interests, for example, are too minor to
create any meaningful conflict-of-interest. So, I want the
Office of Government Ethics to have the authority to issue
regulations authorizing waivers from the conflict-of-interest
statute. But at the same time, we're urging additional penalties
when intentional violations of criminal conflict-of-interest laws
occur.
We're asking officials from all three branches to jointly
simplify the forms that must be filled by prospective
Presidential appointees -- the forms you've memorized in your
sleep. And our new Executive Order sets forth ethical standards
for executive-branch employees. For example: Presidential
appointees will not be allowed to earn outside money for services
performed during their time here. And I'm requiring mandatory
annual briefings on ethics for Presidential appointees.
You know, an old adage claims that "when all is said and
done, as a rule, more is said than done. " Well, our program's
fourth objective, like the previous three, aims to dodge that
pitfall.
This objective says that America must not allow overly
restrictive requirements to keep talented people from entering
public service. That is why we have carefully crafted new post-
employment restrictions. And why we want to allow persons who
are required to divest assets in order to avoid conflicts of
interest to defer their tax liability.
( (You know, there's an old New England story about a man,
stuck in the mud with his car, who was asked by a passing
motorist whether he was really stuck. "You could say I was
stuck," the fellow said, "if I was really going anywhere. "))
Our ethics program shows exactly where we are going, and
why. We seek to attract, and keep, more of the best and
brightest in government. And by helping others -- honorably,
ethically -- we seek to show how public service is not the sum of
its perks or possessions, but of how we conduct ourselves and
what we achieve.
I have said that any definition of a successful life must
include serving others -- in a child-care center, in the Nation's
classrooms, and in its government. My friends, that is what
public service is all about. We are not islands unto ourselves.
We are partners, for our fate is not divisible.
Henry Clay observed, "Government is a trust, and the
officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and
trustees are created for the benefit of the people."
Yes, government is a trust, and we are its trustees. So, let
us create a government which benefits the people. And as humane
and honest public officials, let us prove ourselves worthy of
their trust.
Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.
# # # #
Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.
# # # #
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ETHICS ADDRESS
ROOM 450
TUESDAY, APRIL 4, I989
Ladies and gentlemen, friends.
I want to thank you for that kind introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a confession
to make.
You know, it's been said--I know, this will shock you-that sometimes
I have a hard time being understood. And, of course, I'm tempted to say that
I resemble that charge.
ut I'll admit it, it's true. And all I can say is that I have some
very distinguished company.
somevery
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a fatalist?"
replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps."
And it was Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, who
observed of his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had
a wonderful repertoire with them.'
can
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often find their
message obscured slurred.
are
stormsler
Well, today, let there be no obscuring our message. Let it ring
loud and clear. Ethics is central to this Administration, and we will enforce
them: Strictly, comprehensively, and to the letter and spirit of the law.
Seven weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
in eres
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. I asked them to take a
fresh, look a hard, look-at Federal ethical standards. IF asked the Commission for
its candid, independent advice [ And I asked its members fo make recommendations
which would foster full confidence in the integrity Lthen of all Federal public
officials and employees.
informe
event
not
On March 9, the Commission filed its report and its recommendations.
was
leary.
in
And, today, acting on them, I am announcing a new Executive Order which I will
Un
issue pending passage of legislation which I am sending to the Congress.
This Executive Order and, yes, this legislation seek to raise ethical
standards, to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that violating the law
ise
are
---even the appearance of wrongdoing--will not, can never, be tolerated.
even
There are those, of course, who say that morality cannot be legislated.
tells
>sib
Boll
Live
Well, maybe,1 maybe not--but it can be encouraged--encouraged by the carrot, and
passed.
by the stick. For public moarlity is not provisional; disposable, not something
I
to be discarded like the morning garbage. In public service, morality is not
a luxury; it's a necessity. It should be expected, and demanded. As public
officials, we herexis, can afford to provide no less. And the American people (- ley deserve no
less.
innumble,
Our ethics program-our executive order and legislation-rest on four
key principles.
First, it insists that ethical standards for public servants must be
exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost integrity. My friends,
the public's confidence is not ours to inherit by the right of kings. We must
earn it, nurture it; it must be constantly renewed. That is why I support the
creation of a White House ethics counsil. Jefferson said it best: "The whole
art of government consists in being honest."
Secondly, our ethics program insists that standards be fair, uniform,
and easily understood: in short, that they reflect that inately American
quality good old-fashioned common sense. And toward that end, we today announce
a number of stepts.
pursphol
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
(Smith)
March 30, 1989
Draft Three
FRI
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ETHICS FORUM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
APRIL 1989
Ladies and gentlemen, honored guests.
I want to thank you for that introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a
confession to make.
You know, it's been said -- now, this will shock you -- that
sometimes I have a hard time being understood. And, of course,
I'm tempted to say that I resemble that charge.
But I'll admit, it's true. And all I can say is that I'm in
some distinguished company.
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a
fatalist?" replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps." And
Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, once observed of
his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had a
wonderful repertoire with them."
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often have
their meaning blurred.
Well, today, let no one blur this message. Let it ring loud
and clear. Ethics are central to our Administration and our
Nation, and we will enforce them: strictly, comprehensively, and
to the letter and spirit of the law.
-2-
Seven weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked
its members to recommend steps which would foster full confidence
in the integrity of all Federal public officials and employees.
On March 9, this Commission filed its report and its
recommendations. And, today, acting on them, I am announcing a
new Executive Order and legislation to enforce government ethics
in fact, not merely theory. This morning, legislation is being
sent to the Congress. And I will issue my Executive Order,
affecting executive-branch employees, when that legislation is
passed.
Both actions seek a common end: To raise ethical standards,
to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that violating the
law -- even the appearance of wrong-doing -- will not be
tolerated.
There are those, of course, who say that public ethics
cannot be legislated. But it can be encouraged, respected, and
adhered to in government. Public servants must reflect the best
values of America. And let me add that most public servants do.
They are decent and devoted men and women. They care deeply
about their Nation, and their responsibility to its citizens.
Jefferson said, "The whole art of government consists in
being honest." Yet, too often, government rules have worked at
cross-purpose, and against the goal of honesty. Our regulations
have been unfair, unsimple, and ununiform. Our laws have been
contradictory and unclear. We've spent more time trying to
-3-
understand Federal ethics laws than we have being able to live
them.
Our ethics program seeks to change all that. How? By
reaching four objectives: First, to set high ethical standards;
second, to ensure uniform standards among all three branches of
government; third, to insist that these standards are fair and
reasonable; and, fourth, to bring in, not drive out, the talented
and enterprising to government.
First, our ethics program insists that ethical standards
must be exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost
integrity. The public's confidence is not ours to inherit. We
must earn that confidence. It must be constantly renewed.
Therefore, our bill will prohibit the personal use of
contributions by political action committees and toughen the
rules for such contributions.
Our program's second goal insists that standards be
equitable across all three branches of government. By saying
"Yes" to fairness, we can reject a double standard.
Today, I propose the following:
To ban honoraria for federal officials in all three
branches. To provide a statute creating a uniform cap on earned
income that senior officials in the executive and legislative
branches can receive. And to extend to legislative- and
judicial-branch employees and to judges the Federal statute that
prohibits employees from taking actions which enhance their own
financial interests.
-4-
Let us remember: If every branch of government is equal,
none warrants preferential treatment. If Washington is a level
playing field, no branch should have to run uphill.
Therefore, assuming the continued existence of the
Independent Counsel, I request that we extend that statute to
cover the Congress. I want to create an independent ethics
office for the Congress, to be headed by an independent official,
confirmed by both houses. And I ask that the existing one-year
post-employment "cooling-off" period for senior executive-branch
employees also apply to other branches.
Then, there's the third objective of our ethics program. It
insists that standards be reasonable and reflect good old-
fashioned common sense.
Some financial interests, for example, are too minor to
create any meaningful conflict-of-interest. So, I want the
Office of Government Ethics to have the authority to issue
regulations authorizing waivers to executive-branch employees
from the conflict-of-interest statute.
We're asking officials from all three branches to jointly
simplify the forms that must be filled by prospective
Presidential appointees. Our new Executive Order will update
ethical standards for executive-branch employees. And we're
urging additional penalties for violations of criminal conflict-
of-interest laws.
You know, an old adage claims that "when all is said and
done, as a rule, more is said than done." Well, our program's
-5-
fourth objective, like the previous three, aims to dodge that
pitfall.
This objective says that America must not allow overly
restrictive requirements to keep talented people from entering
public service. That is why we have carefully crafted new post-
employment restrictions. And why we want to allow persons who
are required to divest assets in order to avoid conflicts of
interest to defer their tax liability. And earlier this week, I
supported a salary increase in all three branches of government.
( (You know, there's an old New England story about a man,
stuck in the mud with his car, who was asked by a passing
motorist whether he was really stuck. "You could say I was
stuck," the fellow said, "if I was really going anywhere.'
Our ethics program shows exactly where we are going, and
why. We seek to attract, and keep, more of the best and
brightest in government. And by helping others -- honorably,
ethically -- we seek to show how public service is not the sum of
its perks or possessions, but of how we conduct ourselves and
what we achieve.
I have said that any definition of a successful life must
include serving others -- in a child-care center, in the Nation's
classrooms, and in its government. My friends, that is what
public service is all about. We are not islands unto ourselves.
We are partners, for our fate is not divisible.
Henry Clay observed, "Government is a trust, and the
officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and
trustees are created for the benefit of the people."
-6-
Yes, government is a trust, and we are its trustees. So, let
us create a government which benefits the people. And as humane
and honest public officials, let us prove ourselves worthy of
their trust.
Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.
# # # #
(Smith)
March 30, 1989
Draft Three
FRI
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ETHICS FORUM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
APRIL 1989
Ladies and gentlemen, honored guests.
I want to thank you for that introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a
confession to make.
You know, it's been said --- now, this will shock you -- that
sometimes I have a hard time being understood. And, of course,
I'm tempted to say that I resemble that charge.
But I'll admit, it's true. And all I can say is that I'm in
some distinguished company.
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a
fatalist?" replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps." And
Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, once observed of
his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had a
wonderful repertoire with them."
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often have
their meaning blurred.
Well, today, let no one blur this message. Let it ring loud
and clear. Ethics are central to our Administration and our
Nation, and we will enforce them: strictly, comprehensively, and
to the letter and spirit of the law.
-2-
Seven weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked
its members to recommend steps which would foster full confidence
in the integrity of all Federal public officials and employees.
On March 9, this Commission filed its report and its
recommendations. And, today, acting on them, I am announcing a
new Executive Order and legislation to enforce government ethics
in fact, not merely theory. This morning, legislation is being
sent to the Congress. And I will issue my Executive Order,
affecting executive-branch employees, when that legislation is
passed.
Both actions seek a common end: To raise ethical standards,
to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that violating the
law -- even the appearance of wrong-doing -- will not be
tolerated.
There are those, of course, who say that public ethics
cannot be legislated. But it can be encouraged, respected, and
adhered to in government. Public servants must reflect the best
values of America. And let me add that most public servants do.
They are decent and devoted men and women. They care deeply
about their Nation, and their responsibility to its citizens.
Jefferson said, "The whole art of government consists in
being honest." Yet, too often, government rules have worked at
cross-purpose, and against the goal of honesty. Our regulations
have been unfair, unsimple, and ununiform. Our laws have been
contradictory and unclear. We've spent more time trying to
-3-
understand Federal ethics laws than we have being able to live
them.
Our ethics program seeks to change all that. How? By
reaching four objectives: First, to set high ethical standards;
second, to ensure uniform standards among all three branches of
government; third, to insist that these standards are fair and
reasonable; and, fourth, to bring in, not drive out, the talented
and enterprising to government.
First, our ethics program insists that ethical standards
must be exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost
integrity. The public's confidence is not ours to inherit. We
must earn that confidence. It must be constantly renewed.
Therefore, our bill will prohibit the personal use of
contributions by political action committees and toughen the
rules for such contributions.
Our program's second goal insists that standards be
equitable across all three branches of government. By saying
"Yes" to fairness, we can reject a double standard.
Today, I propose the following:
To ban honoraria for federal officials in all three
branches. To provide a statute creating a uniform cap on earned
income that senior officials in the executive and legislative
branches can receive. And to extend to legislative- and
judicial-branch employees and to judges the Federal statute that
prohibits employees from taking actions which enhance their own
financial interests.
-4-
Let us remember: If every branch of government is equal,
none warrants preferential treatment. If Washington is a level
playing field, no branch should have to run uphill.
Therefore, assuming the continued existence of the
Independent Counsel, I request that we extend that statute to
cover the Congress. I want to create an independent ethics
office for the Congress, to be headed by an independent official,
confirmed by both houses. And I ask that the existing one-year
post-employment "cooling-off" period for senior executive-branch
employees also apply to other branches.
Then, there's the third objective of our ethics program. It
insists that standards be reasonable and reflect good old-
fashioned common sense.
Some financial interests, for example, are too minor to
create any meaningful conflict-of-interest. So, I want the
Office of Government Ethics to have the authority to issue
regulations authorizing waivers to executive-branch employees
from the conflict-of-interest statute.
We're asking officials from all three branches to jointly
simplify the forms that must be filled by prospective
Presidential appointees. Our new Executive Order will update
ethical standards for executive-branch employees. And we're
urging additional penalties for violations of criminal conflict-
of-interest laws.
You know, an old adage claims that "when all is said and
done, as a rule, more is said than done." Well, our program's
-5-
fourth objective, like the previous three, aims to dodge that
pitfall.
This objective says that America must not allow overly
restrictive requirements to keep talented people from entering
public service. That is why we have carefully crafted new post-
employment restrictions. And why we want to allow persons who
are required to divest assets in order to avoid conflicts of
interest to defer their tax liability. And earlier this week, I
supported a salary increase in all three branches of government.
( (You know, there's an old New England story about a man,
stuck in the mud with his car, who was asked by a passing
motorist whether he was really stuck. "You could say I was
stuck," the fellow said, "if I was really going anywhere. "))
Our ethics program shows exactly where we are going, and
why. We seek to attract, and keep, more of the best and
brightest in government. And by helping others -- honorably,
ethically -- we seek to show how public service is not the sum of
its perks or possessions, but of how we conduct ourselves and
what we achieve.
I have said that any definition of a successful life must
include serving others -- in a child-care center, in the Nation's
classrooms, and in its government. My friends, that is what
public service is all about. We are not islands unto ourselves.
We are partners, for our fate is not divisible.
Henry Clay observed, "Government is a trust, and the
officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and
trustees are created for the benefit of the people."
-6-
Yes, government is a trust, and we are its trustees. So, let
us create a government which benefits the people. And as humane
and honest public officials, let us prove ourselves worthy of
their trust.
Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.
# # # #
DRAFT
Created for internal use
George Bush on Ethics
Summary of Positions July 1988 and Now
PRINCIPLES
July 1988
1.
People with talent, moral fiber, and dedication to
public service.
2.
Unambiguous bright-line objective rules.
3.
Congress must be covered by federal ethics law.
4.
Federal ethics law should provide for civil, as well as
enhanced criminal sanctions.
5.
Added post-employment restrictions.
6.
Enhanced prestige and powers of the Office of
Government Ethics (OGE) and agency ethics officials.
Principles Given to the Ethics Commission, January 1989
1.
Exacting standards to ensure that officials act with
the utmost integrity.
2.
Standards that are fair, objective, and consistent
with common sense.
3.
Standards equitable across the three branches.
4.
Avoid unreasonably restrictive requirements that
discourage able citizens from entering public service.
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE GOVERNMENT ETHICS CODE
July 1988
Simplify the ethics code to make it clear, understandable, and
based on common sense.
Now
1.
Executive Order would direct OGE to issue one
government-wide set of standards of conduct
regulations. Agency supplements could only be issued,
with OGE approval, as addenda to the branch-wide
regulations.
2.
Executive Order would require OGE to develop and
periodically update a comprehensive executive branch
ethics manual.
3.
Proposed legislation would give OGE authority to
simplify financial disclosure. It would also enhance
financial disclosure by creating a new category for
disclosure of assets ("over $1,000,000" instead of the
current "over $250,000") and by requiring political
appointees to disclose mortgages and loans from certain
relatives.
4.
Proposed legislation includes uniform government-wide
rules for agencies and individuals concerning the
acceptance of travel reimbursement.
5.
Proposed legislation would prohibit employees from
accepting favors or benefits from anyone seeking
official action from the employee's agency, or whose
interests may be substantially affected by the
performance or nonperformance of the employee's
official duties (except as permitted in OGE
regulations).
6.
Executive order would prohibit full-time presidential
appointees in the executive branch from receiving any
earned income for outside employment during a period of
federal service.
7.
The legislation bars senior officials in all three
branches of government from serving on the board of
directors of a for-profit enterprise and requests by
such employees to serve on the boards of non-profit
organizations are to be subject to case-by-case review.
8.
OGE, with DOJ approval, is directed to issue
regulations interpreting the general conflict-of-
interest statute, 18 U.S.C. 208, and would be
authorized by the legislation to develop branch-wide
waiver regulations.
9.
The legislation proposes a new advisory commission to
study ways of simplifying the presidential appointment
process, particularly the coordination of the various
forms.
WHITE HOUSE ETHICS STRUCTURE
July 1988
Creation of a White House Ethics Office to establish bright-line
rules for White House and executive branch personnel, issue
advisory opinions to White House personnel regarding conflict of
interest issues, investigate alleged ethical improprieties
committed by White House personnel, and supervise mandatory
annual ethics briefings for White House personnel.
Now
1.
January 1989 creation of the President's Commission on
Federal Ethics Law Reform to recommend reforms,
including standards for executive branch and other
personnel on key issues.
2.
A Council of White House Ethics Advisors will be
created to provide advice to White House officials,
working with the Counsel to the President, on ethics
issues. Council members could not only recommend
against actions they regard as unlawful, but could also
base their advice on prudential grounds.
3.
The Executive Order would mandate annual briefings for
senior department officials and others designated by an
agency head. All White House Office staff would be
designated.
4.
Other White House Office ethics functions would be
vested in the Counsel to the President, who serves as
Designated Agency Ethics Official.
DESIGNATED AGENCY ETHICS OFFICIALS (DAEOS)
July 1988
Establish permanent ethics office in each department and major
agency, headed by a senior government official, with a permanent
full-time staff to implement and monitor compliance with the law.
Adequate funding would be provided in the budget as a separate
line item. Mandatory annual briefings for all senior government
personnel by agency ethics officials.
Now
The Executive Order would call on each agency head to assess the
rank and resources of the DAEO in each agency to ensure the
adequacy of the agency ethics program. It also requires the use
of a separate line item in agency budgets for the ethics
function. Agencies would be required to obtain OGE approval of
an annual training plan and provide mandatory annual briefings
for senior officials and others designated by the agency head.
RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION
July 1988
Commitment to recruitment of talented people, dedicated to public
service.
Now
1.
Continued dedication to the same goal and an excellent.
record thus far.
2.
The legislation proposes deferral of tax liability for
individuals required to divest assets in order to avoid
conflicts of interest.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
July 1988
Unambiguous bright line rules of conduct, including:
1.
All blind trusts to be managed by institutions, not
individuals.
2.
No Presidential appointee may receive outside earned
income for services rendered while holding office.
3.
The term "negotiations" for prospective employment, for,
purposes of triggering disqualification or refusal
action under 18 U.S.C. 208, will mean any affirmative
step taken by a government employee to initiate job
discussions or to follow-up on a job feeler.
4.
Adoption of formal rules to govern all White House
contacts with investigative agencies, including
requirement that all such contacts be made through
the Office of White House Counsel.
Now
Commitment to standards that are exacting, and yet fair,
objective, and consistent with common sense. As to the four
points listed:
1.
The legislation would prohibit individuals (and
entities owned by an individual) from managing blind
trusts.
2.
The executive order would prohibit full-time
presidential appointees in the executive branch from
receiving any earned income for outside employment
while holding office.
3.
The executive order directs OGE to include the
negotiation for employment definition in the
regulations to be issued under 18 U.S.C. 208.
4.
Instructions have been provided to White House staff
restricting contacts with investigative and rulemaking
agencies.
Proposed issuance of new, clearer executive order setting ethics
standards.
SUBSTANTIVE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
July 1988
1.
Extend 18 U.S.C. 208's prohibitions on acting on
matters of a personal financial interest to members and
senior staff of Congress.
2.
Prohibit the acceptance of anything of monetary value
by members and staff of Congress and executive branch
personnel from lobbyists.
3.
Provide for civil sanctions and proof of misconduct by
a preponderance of the evidence for violation of 208.
4.
Provide for enhanced criminal sanctions for corrupt
conduct and intent to violate 208's prohibitions
against acting on matters of personal financial
interest.
Now
1.
The legislation would extend coverage of the general
conflict-of-interest statute, 18 U.S.C. 208, to the
judiciary and to all non-Member officers and employees
of the Congress (but not to Members themselves).
Members of Congress are included in the portion of 18
U.S.C. 208 that prohibits an official from taking
actions that affect entities with which he is
negotiating for employment.
2.
a.
The proposal bans the receipt of honoraria for
speeches given in their official capacity by all
federal officials and employees of the legislative
and executive branches of government.
2
Seven weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked
its members to recommend steps which would foster full confidence
in the integrity of all Federal public officials and employees.
On March 9, this Commission filed its report and its
recommendations. And, today, acting on them, I am announcing a
new Executive Order and legislation to enforce ethics in fact,
not merely theory. This morning, legislation has 1 been sent to
Mlgu
the Congress. permas And I will issue my Executive Order when that
legislation is passed.
My friends, both means seek a common end: To raise ethical
standards, to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that
pulhare
violating the law -- even the appearance of wrong-doing -- will
Du
there
are
not, can never, be tolerated.
There are those, of course, who say that public ethics
igue
As
cannot be legislated. Well, maybe not -- but it can be
encouraged, both by the carrot and by the stick. For in public
purmary
who
alebath
Whater
service, morality is a necessity, not luxury. It is something to
keeps
build upon, not to be discarded on a whim.
check
mile
Our ethics program affirms that fact, and rests on four key
principles.
First, it insists that ethical standards for public servants
must be exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost
integrity. Remember: The public's confidence is not ours to
inherit by the right of kings. We must earn that confidence; it
it
Draft
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
March 31, 1989
FACT SHEET
THE GOVERNMENT-WIDE ETHICS ACT OF 1989
PRESIDENT BUSH'S ETHICS REFORM PROPOSALS
Today the President announced the content of his ethics
reform legislation, to be submitted to the Congress when it
returns next week. The bill is based on the recommendations of
the President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform,
established by President Bush in January 1989, and is in keeping
with the four principles the President set forth to guide the
Commission:
1.
Ethical standards for public servants must be exacting
enough to ensure that the officials act with the utmost
integrity and live up to the public's confidence in
them.
2.
Standards must be fair, objective and consistent with
common sense.
3.
Standards must be equitable all across the three
branches of the Federal Government.
4.
We cannot afford to have unreasonably restrictive
requriements that discourage able citizens from
entering public service.
A second key facet of the President's effort in the ethics
arena, is the revision of the Executive Order that establishes
ethical standards for executive branch employees. The proposed
order sets forth rules to clarify the ethical bounds for public
officials in the executive branch. The President will sign the
new Executive Order when Congress enacts satisfactory ethics
legislation based on the Administration's proposal.
GOVERNMENT-WIDE ETHICS ACT OF 1989
Financial Disclosure
Financial reporting and review requirements would be
uniform across the three branches of government.
The cut-off for the highest category of asset reporting
would be changed to "over $1 million" (from "over
$250,000") and the cutoff for the highest category of
income reporting would be changed to "over $250,000"
(from "over $100,000").
Other categories for reporting of assets and income
would be set by regulation rather than in the statute.
Political appointees be required to report liabilities
for home mortgages and loans from relatives other than
spouses, parents, brothers and sisters.
To reinforce the independence of the trustee of a
qualified blind trust, such a trustee may not be an
individual or an entity owned in its entirety by an
individual.
The legislation creates an advisory commission to study
ways of simplifying the forms that need to be filled
out in the presidential appointment process.
Conflicts of Interest
O
The proposal would extend coverage of the general
conflict-of-interest statute, 18 U.S.C. 208, to the
judiciary and to non-Member officers and employees of
the Congress (but not to Members themselves).
Members of Congress would be included in the portion of
18 U.S.C. 208 that prohibits an official from taking
actions that affect entities with which he is
negotiating for employment.
The Internal Revenue Code would be amended to authorize
deferral of tax liability when an individual is
required by his/her agency to divest assets in order to
avoid conflicts of interest.
The President would be given the authority to grant
waivers when the national interest so requires.
Advisory committee members would be allowed waivers
where the appointing authority determines, after review
of financial disclosure forms, that the need for a
member's expertise outweighs the potential for conflict
of interest. The proposal requires public disclosure
of the waiver and that portion of the financial
disclosure form that describes the interest
necessitating the waiver.
The Office of Government Ethics would receive the
authority to issue regulations providing for waivers
executive-branch-wide, for inconsequential and remote
financial interests.
Honoraria, Outside Activities, and Gifts
The proposal bans the receipt of honoraria for speeches
given in their official capacity by all federal
legislative and executive branch officials and
employees, including Members of Congress.
The current statute barring supplementation of the
salaries of executive branch officials would be
extended to the legislative branch.
A uniform cap would be created -- set at 15 percent of
each official's salary -- with respect to the earned
income that senior officials in the legislative and
executive branches could receive.
The legislation would bar senior officials in all three
branches of government from serving on the board of
directors of a for-profit enterprise. Requests by such
employees to serve on the boards of non-profit
organizations would be subject to case-by-case review.
The proposal enacts uniform government-wide rules for
agencies and individuals concerning the acceptance of
reimbursement of travel expenses.
The legislation would prohibit employees in all three
branches from accepting favors or benefits from anyone
seeking official action from their agency, or whose
interests may be substantially affected by the
performance or nonperformance of the employee's
official duties (except as permitted by regulation).
Post-Employment Restrictions
The lifetime prohibition against making representations
to the government in a particular matter involving
specific parties would be extended to the judicial
branch.
The existing one-year post-employment cooling-off
period for senior executive branch employees would be
extended to cover senior personnel in the legislative
and judicial branches. (During the cooling-off period,
former employees are generally not permitted to contact
their former agencies.)
In connection with the one-year cooling-off period, the
treatment of agencies within the Executive Office of
the President as separate for purposes of applying the
cooling-off restriction ("compartmentalization") would
be abolished.
The proposal would create a new two-year bar,
applicable to former executive and legislative
personnel, against the disclosure of specified non-
public government information, including procurement-
related proprietary or source selection information and
specified information pertaining to U.S strategy in
international negotiations.
Enforcement and Structure
The Independent Counsel statute would be extended to
cover the Congress. Other changes to the statute would
include the selection of an independent counsel from a
list of 15 individuals submitted by the Attorney
General.
Misdemeanor and civil penalties would be included as
sanctions for violations of the criminal conflict-of-
interest statutes, while retaining and enhancing felony
sanctions for willful violations of these laws.
The Attorney General would be given authority to seek
injunctive relief for violations of these laws, and
administrative debarment authority against former
government employees who violate the post-employment
restrictions would be expanded.
The bill would authorize an exemption from the Federal
Advisory Committee Act facilitating the creation of a
White House Ethics Council to advise White House
officials, in conjunction with the Counsel to the
President, on ethics matters.
Political Action Committees (PAC)
The bill would prohibit the personal use of PAC
contributions and toughen the rules for such
contributions.
EXECUTIVE ORDER
The new Executive Order would set forth a clear
statement of eleven fundamental principles of ethical
conduct for the executive branch.
Full-time presidential appointees in the executive
branch would be prohibited from receiving any earned
income for outside employment during a period of
federal service.
The Office of Government Ethics would be responsible
for administering the order by --
-
Consolidating all executive branch standards of
conduct regulations into a single set of
regulations and developing a comprehensive
executive branch ethics manual.
-
Issuing regulations interpreting the general
statute prohibiting actions in matters in which
employees have financial interests (18 U.S.C.
208).
-
Issuing regulations setting forth a system for
non-public (confidential) financial reporting for
executive branch employees not covered by public
disclosure laws.
Agency responsibilities include --
-
Supplementing the standards provided by law, the
executive order, and the comprehensive regulations
issued by the Office of Government Ethics.
Supplementations must be prepared as addenda to
the comprehensive branch-wide regulations, and be
approved by the Office of Government Ethics.
-
Consulting with the Office of Government Ethics
prior to granting waivers of conflict-of-interest
requirements, and providing that office with a
copy of any waiver granted.
-
Obtaining approval from the Office of Government
Ethics for annual plans for training and awareness
activities.
-
Providing mandatory annual training briefings on
ethics for all senior officials as well as other
designated employees. All White House Office
staff would be included.
-
Assessment of the ethics program in each agency,
and support including the use of a separate line
item in the budget.
The order would provide that the Executive Office of
the President may not be compartmentalized for the
purpose of the one-year cooling off post-employment
restriction.
The order delegates to agency heads the authority to
grant conflict-of-interest waivers to presidential
appointees in their agencies and delegates to the
Counsel to the President the authority to grant waivers
for specified agency heads and White House Office
staff.
(Smith/Blessey)
March 27, 1989
Draft Two
Ethics
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: POLITICAL APPOINTEES
ROOM 450
TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1989
Ladies and gentlemen, fellow members of our team.
I want to thank you for that introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a
confession to make.
You know, it's been said -- now, this will shock you -- that
sometimes I have a hard time being understood. And, of course,
I'm tempted to say that I resemble that charge.
But I'll admit, it's true. And all I can say is that I'm in
some distinguished company.
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a
fatalist?" replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps." And
Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, once observed of
his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had a
wonderful repertoire with them."
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often have
their meaning blurred.
service
spisues
in
Well, today, let no one blur this message. Let it ring loud
and clear. Ethics are central to our Administration, and we will
enforce them: strictly, comprehensively, and to the letter and
spirit of the law.
ROBERT DEBS HEINL, JR.
COLONEL, U.S. MARINE CORPS. RETIRED
DICTIONARY
OF
by the Same Author
The Defense of Wake
Marines at Midway
MILITARY
Soldiers of the Sea
Co-Author
AND
The Marshalls: Increasing the Tempo
The Marine Officer's Guide
NAVAL
QUOTATIONS
UNITED STATES NAVAL INSTITUTE
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
A
A
The first duty of an advance guard is to
The Boers broke off negotiations and
Japanese reports that the Third Fleet
five ships of the line; and where is the
advance.
made the familiar complaint of aggressors
had sustained heavy damage and was
prince who can afford so to cover his
Sir William Slim: Unofficial
that they were about to be attacked.
retiring, Leyte Gulf, 12 October 1944
country with troops for its defense as
History, 1959
Basil Collier: Brasshat, vii, 1961
that 10,000 men descending from the
(of Kruger and the Boers in 1899)
When the going gets tough, the tough get
clouds might not in many places do an
going.
infinite deal of mischief before a force
Aerial Combat
There is never a convenient place to fight a
Cadet saying, West Point
could be brought together to repel them?
war when the other man starts it.
Benjamin Franklin: Letter to
'Twixt the green sea and the azured vault
Arleigh A. Burke. 1901-
Jan Ingenhousz, 1784
Set roaring war.
Agincourt, (25 October 1415)
Shakespeare: The Tempest, v, 1. 1611
Aggression unchallenged is aggression
It would probably astonish the reader were
unleashed.
This day is called the feast of Crispian;
I able to state the cost in manpower and
Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal
Lyndon B. Johnson: Statement to
He that outlives this day and comes safe
material of the airborne forces of the late
sky
the nation after North Vietnamese
home,
war, complete with all the aircraft and
With hideous ruin and combustion, down
torpedo attacks on U.S. warships in
Will stand a tip-toe when this day is nam'd,
manpower devoted to training and carrying
Milton: Paradise Lost. 1667
international waters, Gulf of Tonkin,
And rouse him at the name of Crispian.
them compared with their impact upon
4 August 1964
He that shall live this day, and see old age,
the enemy. They would certainly find no
I dipt into the future far as human eye
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors,
place in the early stages of another great
could see,
It is invariably the weak, not the strong,
And say, "To-morrow is Saint Crispian:"
war. They are too vulnerable.
Saw the vision of the world, and all the
who court aggression and war.
Then will be strip his sleeve and show his
Sir John Slessor: Strategy for the
wonder that would be;
General Thomas S. Power, USAF
scars,
West. 1954
Saw the heavens fill with commerce,
Design for Survival, 1965
And say, "These wounds I had on Crispin's
argosies of purple sails,
day."
A parachute is merely a means of delivery
Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down
(See also Preemptive War.)
Old men forget: yet all shall be forgot,
but not a way of fighting.
with costly bales;
But he'll remember with advantages
Bernard Fall: Street without Joy,
Heard the heavens filled with shouting,
Aggressiveness
What feats he did that day
xii, 1964 ed.
and there rain'd a ghastly dew
Shakespeare: King Henry V. iv, 3.
From the nations' airy navies grappling
Men rise from one ambition to another;
1598 (address to the English troops by
Airborne-all the way!
in the central blue.
first they seek to secure themselves from
King Henry before Agincourt)
Motto of U.S. Army airborne troops
Alfred Tennyson: Locksley Hall,
attack, and then they attack others."
1842
Niccolo Machiavelli: Discorsi, 1531
Aircraft
Aide-de-Camp
With a bullet through his head, he fell
from an altitude of 9,000 feet-a beautiful
In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man
An aide-de-camp is to his general what
The airship will revolutionize warfare.
As modest stillness and humility:
death.
Mercury was to Jupiter, and what the
Alexander Graham Bell: Letter, 1909
But when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Manfred von Richthofen: Letter
jackal is to the lion.
Then imitate the action of the tiger.
telling of the death of Count von Holck
Shakespeare: King Henry V. iii. 1598
Francis Grose: Advice to the Officers
The volant or flying automata are such
on I May 1916, over Verdun
of the British Army, 1782
mechanical contrivances as have self-
motion, whereby they are carried aloft in
Our Country will, I believe, sooner forgive
To conquer the command of the air means
Let your deportment be haughty and
the air, like the flight of birds. Such was the
an officer for attacking his enemy than for
victory; to be beaten in the air means
letting it [sic] alone.
insolent to your inferiors, humble and
wooden dove made by Archytas, a citizen
defeat.
Nelson: Letter during the attack on
fawning to your superiors. solemn and
of Tarentum, and one of Plato's acquaint-
Giulio Douhet: The Command of
distant to your equals.
ances, and that wooden eagle framed by
Bastia. 3 May 1794
the Air, 1921
Francis Grose: Advice to the Officers
Regiomontanus Noremburg, which by way
of the British Army, 1782
of triumph did fly out of the city to meet
Strengthen your position; fight anything
Charles V.
Cease firing, but if any enemy planes
that comes.
appear, shoot them down in a friendly
John Wilkins: Mechanical Magick,
W. T. Sherman: Order to Major
Airborne Operations
1680
fashion.
William F. Halsey: message to Third
General McPherson before Atlanta,
Fleet at sea off Tokyo. after receipt of
11 May 1864
What would be the security of the good, if
It [the airplane will be a factor in war.
the bad could at pleasure invade them from
word of Japanese surrender.
Wilbur Wright: Interview, St. Louis,
Rough-tough, we're the stuff! We want to
15 August 1945
the sky? Against an army sailing through
March 1906
fight and we can't get enough!
the clouds, neither walls, nor mountains,
Attributed to the Rough Riders
(See also Air Force, Air Power, Aviation,
nor seas, could afford any security. A
Aircraft Carrier
(1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry) while
Naval Aviation.)
flight of northern savages might hover in
enroute to Cuba, 1898
the wind and light at once with irresistible
The air fleet of an enemy will never get
violence upon the capital of a fruitful region
within striking distance of our coast as long
Aggression
The Third Fleet's sunken and damaged
that was rolling under them.
as our aircraft carriers are able to carry
ships have been salvaged and are retiring
Samuel Johnson: Rasselas, vi, 1759
the preponderance of air power to sea.
It is only when aggression is legitimate
at high speed toward the enemy.
Rear Admiral W. A. Moffett. USN:
that one can expect prodigies of valor.
Willian F Halsey: Message to
Five thousand balloons, capable of raising
While Chief of Navy Bureau of
Marshall Ney, 1769-1815
Admiral Nimitz, on learning of
two men each, could not cost more than
Aeronautics, 1922
4
5
A
Scratch one flat-top.
B. H. Liddell Hart: Thoughts on War,
Commander Robert Dixon, USN:
1943
Radio report as HIJMS Shoho blew
up and sank under attack by U.S.
The function of the Army and Navy in
Navy carrier aircraft, Coral Sea.
any future war will be to support the
7 May 1942
dominant air arm.
James H. Dolittle: Speech to the
Our aircraft carriers have lasted longer than
Georgetown University Alumni
a majority of our very expensive overseas
Association, 30 April 1949
air bases.
Vice Admiral W. A. Schoech, USN:
Speech, 1964
Air Power
(See also Naval Aviation, Naval Opera-
The nation that secures control of the air
tions, Naval Warfare.)
will ultimately control the world.
Alexander Graham Bell: Letter 1909
Air Force
In order to assure an adequate national
The Independent Air Force should
defense, it is necessary- sufficient-
embody the greatest power compatible
to be in a position in case of war to con-
with the resources at our disposal; therefore
quer the command of the air.
no aerial resources should under any cir-
Giulio Douhet: The Command of
cumstances be diverted to secondary pur-
the Air. 1921
poses, such as auxiliary aviation, local air
defense, and anti-aircraft defense.
In the development of air power, one has
Giulio Douhet: The Command of
to look ahead and not backward and
the Air, 1921
figure out what is going to happen, not too
much of what has happened.
I have mathematical certainty that the
William Mitchell; Winged Defense,
future will confirm my assertion that
1924
aerial warfare will be the most important
element in future wars, and that in conse-
New weapons operating in an element
quence not only will the importance of the
hitherto unavailable to mankind will not
Independent Air Force rapidly increase,
necessarily change the ultimate character
but the importance of the army and the
of war. The next war may well start in the
navy will decrease in proportion.
air but in all probability it will wind up, as
Giulio Douhet: The Command of
did the last war, in the mud.
the Air, 1921
Report of the President's Board to
Study Development of Aircraft for
It is probable that future war will be con-
the National Defense, 1925
ducted by a special class, the air force, as
it was by the armored knights of the
Air power is a thunderbolt launched from
Middle Ages.
an egg-shell invisibly tethered to a base.
William Mitchell: Winged Defense,
Hoffman Nickerson: Arms and
1924
Policy. X, 1945
Never in the field of human conflict was
The power of an air force is terrific when
so much owed by so many to so few.
there is nothing to oppose it.
Winston Churchill: To the House of
Winston Churchill: The Gathering
Commons. 20 August 1940 (of the
Storm, 1948
RAF in the Battle of Britain)
Air power is the most difficult of all forms
The Navy can lose us the war, but only
of military force to measure, or even to
the Air Force can win it. Therefore, our
express in precise terms.
supreme effort must be to gain overwhelm-
Winston Churchill: The Gathering
ing mastery in the air.
Storm. 1948
Winston Churchill: To War Cabinet,
3 September 1940
Today air power is the dominant factor in
JOHN PAUL J
war. It may not win a war by itself alone,
The large ground organization of a
but without it no major war can be won.
1747-1792
modern air force is its Achilles' heel.
Arthur Radford: Speech, 1954
"I have not yet begun to
6
A
A
Modern air power has made the battlefield
Shakespeare: III King Henry VI.
and perpetual, and those interests it is
Francis Bacon: Essays (Of Ambition),
iii. 3. 1590
our duty to follow.
1597
irrelevant.
Lord Palmerston: To the House of
Sir John Slessor: Strategy for the
When two princes undertake the conquest
Commons, 1848
Ambition,
West, 1954
of a Kingdom they never agree: because
The soldier's virtue.
each one thinks always that his companion
In war I would deal with the Devil and his
Shakespeare: Antony and Cleopatra,
(See also Air Force, Aircraft Carrier,
wants to cheat him and so they distrust
grandmother.
iii, 1. 1606
Aviation, Naval Aviation.)
each other.
J. V. Stalin, 1879-1951
Blaise Montluc: Commentaires, I,
Nothing arouses ambition so much
as
1592
We are a strong nation. But we cannot
the trumpet clang of another's fame.
Alamo, The
live to ourselves and remain strong.
Baltasar Gracian, 1601-1658
Thermopylae had its messenger of defeat;
Alliances, to be surc, are good, but forces
George C. Marshall: Speech to the
of one's own are still better.
National Cotton Council, 22 January
Ambush
the Alamo had none.
Found written on the wall of the
Frederick William of Brandenburg
1948
Alamo, San Antonio. after the Texan
("The Great Elector" Political
He smote them hip and thigh.
Testament. 1667
War without allies is bad enough-with
garrison had been wiped out by the
allies it is hell!
Judges, XV. 8
Mexicans, March 1836
'Tis our true policy to steer clear of perma-
Sir John Slessor: Strategy for the
nent alliances with any portion of the
West. 1954
An ambuscade, if discovered and promptly
Remember the Alamo!
surrounded, will repay the intended
Texas battle cry at San Jacinto,
foreign world.
mischief with interest.
George Washington: Farewell
(See also Alliances)
21 April 1836
Vegetius: De Re Militari, 378
Address. 17 September 1796
Ambassadors
"All quiet along the Potomac," they said,
Alexander of Macedon (365-323 B.C.)
Peace, commerce, and honest friendship
"Except, now and then a stray picket
with all nations-entangling alliances
Ambassadors have no warships at their
Is shot as he walks on his beat to and fro
Alexander fought many battles, and took of
with none.
disposal, or heavy infantry, or fortresses.
By a rifleman hid in the thicket.'
the strongholds of all, and slew the kings
Thomas Jefferson: Inaugural Address.
Their weapons are words and opportunities.
Ethel L. Beers: The Picket Guard,
4 March 1801
Demosthenes, 385-322 B. C.
of the earth. And he went through even to
1861
the ends of the earth, and took the spoils of
many nations: and the earth was quiet
Granting the same aggregate of force, it is
A sovereign should always regard an
A Snider squibbed in the jungle-
before him. And he gathered a power, and
never as great in two hands as in one,
ambassador as a spy.
Somebody laughed and fled,
because it is not perfectly concentrated.
The Hitopadesa, III. c. 500
a very strong army; and his heart was
And the men of the First Shikaris
exalted and lifted up. And he subdued
Mahan: Naval Strategy, 1911
Picked up their Subaltern dead,
countries of nations, and princes; and they
Ambassadors are the eyes and ears of
With a big blue mark on his forehead,
became tributary to him. And after these
Any alliance whose purpose is not the
states.
And the back blown out of his head.
intention to wage war is senseless and
Francesco Guicciacardini: Storia
things he fell down upon his bed, and knew
Rudyard Kipling: The Grave of the
useless.
Italia, 1564
Hundred Head, 1892
that he should die.
I Maccabees. 1. 2-6
Adolph Hitler: Mein Kampf. 1925
An ambassador is an honest man sent to
On the cighteenth day of November,
After the war is over, make alliances.
lie abroad for his country.
just outside the town of Macroom,
Greek Proverb
Henry Wotton: Inscription in the
Alliances
The Tans, in their big Crosley tenders,
album of Christopher Fleckamore.
What encourages men who are invited to
(See also Allies, Diplomacy, Negotiations.)
1604
they hurried along to their doom,
For the boys of the column were waiting,
join in a conflict is clearly not the good will
A man-of-war is the best ambassador.
with hand-grenades primed on the
of those who summon them to their side,
Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658
spot,
but a decided superiority in real power.
Allies
And the Irish Republican Army,
Address of the A thenian envoys at
made sh-t of the whole
Better to have a known enemy than a
The zeal and efficiency of a diplomatic
ing lot!
Melos, during the Peloponnesian
representative is measured by the quality
Irish Republican Army ballad, c. 1922
Wars, 416 B.C.
forced ally.
Napoleon 1: Political Aphorisms. 1848
and not the quantity of the information he
(The "Tans" were Royal Irish
supplies.
Constabulary. a British Force.)
Close alliances with despots are never safe
The allies we gain by victory will tarn
Winston Churchill: Memorandum 10
for free states.
against us upon the bare whisper of our
Sir Alexander Cadogan, 17 February
Demosthenes: Second Philippic, C.
American Revolution
1941
defeat.
345 B.C.
Napoleon I: Political Aphorisms, 1848
(See also Diplomacy, Negotiations.)
I rejoice that America has resisted. Three
An alliance with the powerful is never
millions of people, so dead to all the
It is a narrow policy to suppose that this
to be trusted.
feelings of liberty, as voluntarily to submit
country or that is to be marked out as the
Ambition
Phaedrus: Fables, 1st century A. D.
to be slaves, would have been fit instru-
eternal ally or the perpetual enemy We
ments to make slaves of the rest.
have no eternal allies, and we have no
To take a soldier without ambition is to
How can tyrants safely govern home
Lord Chatham Pitt the Elder): To the
Unless abroad they purchase great alliance?
eternal enemies. Our interests are eternal
pull off his spurs.
House of Commons, 14 January 1766
8
9
A
A
Anne Bradstreet: Meditations Divine
It seems to me worthwhile for this govern-
wormwood. It is the bane of the profession.
Let him who has won the palm, bear it.
and Moral, c. 1670
ment to try whether it will not work on a
Nine men out of ten who go into it must
(Palmam qui meruit ferat.)
large enough scale to be of use in the event
live discontented and die disappointed.
Latin Proverb
The general story of mankind will evince
of war.
Anthony Trollope: The Three Clerks,
that lawful and settled authority is very
Theodore Roosevelt: Letter con-
1858
(See also Decorations, Medals.)
seldom resisted when it is well employed.
cerning experiments by Samuel
Samuel Johnson: The Rambler,
Langley with steam-powered air-
8 September 1750
craft. 25 March 1898
In the name of the great Jehovah and the
The Navy must have that. It will be
Continental Congress!
important to us.
Ethan Allen: Reply to Captain Dela-
Lieutenant George C. Sweet. USN:
place of the British Army on being
Report to the Navy Department after
asked by whose authority he
an aviation demonstration by Orville
demanded the surrender of Fort
Wright, September 1908
Ticonderoga, 10 May 1775
-That's good sport, but for the Army the
I never knew a sailor who found fault with
airplane is of no use.
the orders and ranks of the service; and if I
Ferdinand Foch: Remark at the
expected to pass the rest of my life before
1910 Circuit de l'Est
the mast, I would not wish to have the
power of the captain diminished an iota.
(See also Aircraft, Aircraft Carrier, Air
Richard Henry Dana, Jr.: Two Years
Force, Air Power, Balloons, Naval
Before the Mast. 1840
Aviation.)
The highest duty is to respect authority.
Pope Leo XIII: Libertas Praestan-
tissimum, 20 June 1888
Awards
It is easier to give directions than advice,
To those young men who, either in war or
and more agreeable to have the right to
other circumstances, have deserved
act, even in a limited sphere, than the
commendation, prizes should be given.
privilege to talk at large.
Plato, 428-347 B. C.
Winston Churchill: The Gathering
Storm, 1948
To brave men, the prizes that war offers
are liberty and fame.
The best test of a man is authority.
Lycurgus of Sparta. 396-323 B. C.
Montenegran Proverb
It is not titles that honor men, but men
that honor titles.
Niccolo Machiavelli: Discorsi,
Aviation
xxxviii, Bk 3, 1531
If the heavens be penetrable, and no lets,
One honor won is surety for more.
it were not amiss to make wings and ny up,
Francois de la Rochefoucauld:
and some new-fangled wits should some
Reflexions, 1665
time or other find out.
Robert Burton: The Anatomy of
Glory is the true and honorable recompense
Melancholy, 1621
of gallant actions.
Alain Rene Le Sage: Gil Blas, 1735
Les Anglais, nation trop fière,
S'arrogent l'empire des mers;
A soldier will fight long and hard for a bit
Les Français, nation légère,
of colored ribbon.
S'emparent de celui des airs.
Napoleon 1: To the Captain, HMS
(The haughty English arrogate to them-
Bellerophon, 15 July 1815
selves the empire of the seas;
The French, a buoyant nation, make
A clergyman, or a doctor, or a lawyer feels
themselves masters of the air.)
himself no whit disgraced if he reaches the
Comie de Provence (afterward Louis
end of his worldly labors without special
XVIII): Impromptu on Montgolfier's
note of honor. But to a soldier or a sailor
first successful balloon ascension. 1793
such indifference to his merit is
22
23
P
P
Scipios under the burning sun of Africa,
Pike-Staff
Pilot (Naval)
found them too heavy in the cool climates
left to Fortune
The capacity of the
of Germany and Gaul, and then the
As plain as a pike-staff.
Pilots, who have no other thought than
Generals may supply the want of Intel-
Empire was lost.
Villiam Sherlock: 1641-1707.
Jomini: Précis surl' Art de la Guerre.
Hatcher of Heresies
to keep the ship clear of danger, and their
ligence; but to give them any positive plan
own silly heads clear of shot.
or rule of action under such circumstances
1838
Pillage
Nelson: Letter. April 1801 (of his
I apprehend would be absurd.
I wish to preach, not the doctrine of
pilots' reluctance to position Nelson's
Lord Ligonier: Letter of Instruction
ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the
division close aboard the Danish
to Sir John Mordaunt for the Roche-
Know that unless you bring to me the
strenuous life.
monthly contribution for six months you
batteries at Copenhagen)
fort expedition, 1758
Theodore Roosevelt, 1858-1919
are to expect an unscantified troop of
O pilot! 'tis a fearful night,
Be audacious and cunning in your plans,
horse among you, from whom, if you hide
There's danger on the deep.
firm and persevering in their execution,
Nations have passed away and left no
yourselves. thay shall fire your houses
traces,
without mercy, hang up your bodies
Thomas Haynes Bayly. 1797-1839.
determined to find a glorious end.
The Pilot
Clausewitz: Principles of War. 1812
And history gives the naked cause of it-
wherever they find them, and scare your
One single, simple reason in all cases;
ghosts.
They fell because their peoples were not
Proclamation by the Royalist Gover-
After you, Pilot.
In forming the plan of a campaign, it is
fit.
nor of Worcester to a defaulting
Captain T.A.M. Craven, USN: To his
requisite to foresee everything the enemy
parish. English Civil War, 1643
navigator at the foot of the escape
may do, and be prepared with the neces-
Rudyard Kipling: Land and Sea
Tales for Scouts and Guides, 1923
hatch during the sinking of USS
sary means to counteract it.
Nothing will disorganize an army more or
Tecumseh, Mobile Bay, 5 August
Napoleon 1: Maxims of War, 1831
Is it really true that a seven-mile cross-
ruin it more completely than pillage.
1864 (Craven perished with his ship;
the navigator survived.)
If I always appear prepared, it is because
country run is enforced upon all in this
Napoleon I: Maxims of War, 1831
before entering on an undertaking, I have
division, from generals to privates?
It
looks to me rather excessive. A colonel or
The only way of pillaging a defeated
(See also Navigation, Navigator, Seaman-
meditated for long and have foreseen what
ship.)
may occur. It is not genius which reveals
a general ought not to exhaust himself in
nation is to cart away any movables that
to me suddenly and secretly what I should
trying to compete with young boys running
are wanted, and to drive off a portion of
do in circumstances unexpected by others;
across country seven miles at a time. The
its manhood as permanent or temporary
it is thought and meditation.
duty of officers is no doubt to keep them-
slaves.
Planner
Napoleon I, 1769-1821
selves fit, but still more to think of their
Winston Churchill: The Gathering
men, and to take decisions affecting their
Storm. i. 1948
Nothing succeeds in war except in con-
safety or comfort. Who is the general of
When I want any good headwork done,
I always choose a man, if suitable other-
sequence of a well prepared plan.
this division, and does he run the seven
(See also Plunder.)
miles himself? If so, he may be more useful
wise, with a long nose.
Attributed to Napoleon I, 1769-1821
for football than for war. Could Napoleon
Napoleon I. 1769-1821
Pilot (Aviator)
No plan survives contact with the enemy.
have run seven miles across country at
Austerlitz? Perhaps it was the other fellow
Planners are always conservative and see
Attributed to Helmuth von Moltke
he made run. In my experience, based on
Let brisker youths their active nerves
all the difficulties, and more can usually
("The Elder"), 1800-1891
many years' observation, officers with
prepare,
be done than they are willing to admit.
high athletic qualifications are not usually
Fit their light silken wings and skim the
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1882-1945
In times of peace the general staff should
buxom air.
to General Marshall
plan for all contingencies of war. Its ar-
successful in the higher ranks.
Richard Owen Cambridge:
chives should contain the historical details
Winston Churchill: Note for the
Scriblerad. 1751
of the past, and all statistical, geographical,
Secretary of State for War.
topographical, and strategic treatises and
4 February 1941
There won't be any "after the war" for a
Plans
papers for the present and future.
fighter pilot.
Jomini: Précis de l'Art de la Guerre.
A pint of sweat will save a gallon of blood.
1838
George S. Patton. Jr.: Message to
Raoul Lufberry. c. 1917
For by wise counsel shalt thou make thy
troops before landing at Casablanca.
war; and in multitude of counsellors there
The engine is the heart of an aeroplane,
8 November 1942
is safety.
The stroke of genius that turns the fate of a
but the pilot is its soul.
Proverbs. XXIV, 6
battle? I don't believe in it. A battle is a
Sir Walter Raleigh: War in the Air,
complicated operation, that you prepare
A man who takes a lot of exercise rarely
1. 1922
exercises his mind adequately.
It is a bad plan that cannot be altered.
laboriously. If the enemy does this, you
B.H. Liddell Hart: Thoughts on War.
Sententiae Publilius Syrus, 1st century B.C.,
say to yourself I will do that. If such and
There are old pilots, and bold pilots, but
such happens, these are the steps I shall
xi, 1944
there are no old bold pilots.
take to meet it. You think out every pos-
Aviators saying
The designs of a general should always
sible development and decide on the way
Piecemeal Attacks
be impenetrable.
to deal with the situation created. One of
No pilot is any better than his last landing.
Dictum of "Grampaw Pettibone" in
Vegetius: De Re Militari, iii, 378
these developments occurs: you put your
plan in operation, and everyone says,
Bringing up forces piecemeal
amounts
Naval Aviation Newsletter
"What genius
:
to throwing drops of water into a sea.
Where neither the country nor the number
whereas the credit is
Ferdinand Foch: Precepts. 1919
(See also Aerial Combat, Aviation, Flight.)
of troops you are to act against is known
really due to the labor of preparation.
with any precision, a great deal must be
1919 Ferdinand Foch: Interview. April
238
239
stronger French fleet (the origin of
Thou born to match the gale (thou art all
Fog of War
Force
the "fleet in being phrase and con-
wings,)
cept).
To cope with heaven and earth and sea
The coup d'oeuil is a gift of God and
and hurricane
cannot be acquired; but if professional
"Aye," quoth Sancho Panza, "you rake-
The probable value of a "fleet in being"
At dusk thou look' on Senegal, at morn
knowledge does not perfect it, one only
helly fellows have a saying which is pat to
has, in the opinion of the writer, been
America.
sees things imperfectly and in a fog.
your purpose: 'Never cringe nor creep
much overstated; for, even at the best, the
Walt Whitman, 1819-1892, Man-of-
Chevalier Folard: Nouvelles
for what you by force may reap.
game of evasion, which this is, if persisted
War Bird
Decouvertes sur la Guerre, 1724
Cervantes: Don Quixote, 1604
in, can have but one issue. The superior
(this is the earliest reference so far
force will in the end run the inferior to
The example of the bird does not prove
encountered to "the fog of war.
Force is indeed the ruling principle in
that man can fly. Imagine the proud
military affairs; in conformity to which the
earth.
Mahan: Lessons of the War with
possessor of the aeroplane darting
He who wars walks in a mist through
French term their cannon, the ultima ratio
through the air at a speed of several
regum.
Spain, 1899
which the keenest eye cannot always
hundred feet per second. It is the speed
discern the right path.
Francis Grose: Advice to the Officers
alone that sustains him. How is he ever
Sir William Napier: History of the
of the British Army, 1782
Fleet Train
going to stop?
War in the Peninsula, 1840
Simon Newcomb: In The Inde-
There never was a government without
In any event the stores and provisions for
force.
pendent. 22 October 1903
Friends, how goes the fight?
the supply of the fleet should be kept
T. B. Macaulay: The Battle of Lake
James Madison: During debate on
afloat, and to provide for other exigencies
(See also Aviation.)
Regillus, 1842
adoption of the Constitution. 1787
a few large armed transports would afford
Force is the vital principle and im-
great resource.
Lord St. Vincent: Memorandum to
Flodden Field, (9 September 1513)
Fontenoy, (11 May 1745)
mediate parent of despotism.
First Lord of the Admiralty, 1795
Thomas Jefferson: Inaugural address.
Gentlemen of the French Guard, fire
4 March 1801
Still from the sire the son shall hear
Flight
Of the stern strife, and carnage drear
first! (Messieurs les gardes francaises,
Of Flodden's fatal field,
tirez!)
Where I would take a penknife Lord St.
Where shiver'd was fair Scotland's spear,
Lord Charles Hay: To the French at
Vincent takes a hatchet.
He rode upon the cherub, and did fly; yea,
And broken was her shield!
Fontenoy (but he is actually reported
Horatio Nelson, 1758-1805
he did fly upon the wings of the wind.
Psalm X VIII
Walter Scott: Marmion, xxxiv, 1808
to have said Gentlemen of the French
Guard, / hope you will stand and
The moral is to the material as three to one.
fight us today and not escape by
Napoleon I, 1769-1821
They shall mount up with wings as eagles.
Isaiah, XL, 31
Foch, Ferdinand 1851-1929)
swimming the Scheldt, as you did at
Dettingen.")
Force is only justifiable in extremes; when
There shall be wings.
This officer, during his professorship at
ferable. we have the upper hand, justice is pre-
the Ecole de Guerre, taught metaphysics,
And, standing on his charger
Leonardo Da Vinci, 1452-1519
and metaphysics so abstruse that it made
the brave King Louis spoke,
Napoleon I: Political Aphorisms.
idiots of a number of his pupils.
"Send on my Irish cavalry,
1848
The fated sky
Gives us free scope.
Report rendered by the Securité
the headlong Irish broke,
Shakespeare, 1514-1616
Nationale to Clemenceau when he
At Fontenoy, At Fontenoy!
Force does not exist for mobility but
was considering Foch to command
"Remember Limerick,
mobility for force. It is of no use to get
the Ecole Superieure de Guerre, 1908
Dash down the Sassenach!"
there first unless, when the enemy arrives,
What can you conceive more silly and
Thomas Davis, 1814-1845, The
extravagant than to suppose a man racking
force. you have also the most men-the greater
his brains, and studying night and day how
only a frantic pair of moustaches.
Battle of Fontenoy.
T. E. Lawrence: Of Foch to Liddell
Mahan: Lessons of the War with
to fly?
Spain, 1899
William Law: A Serious Call to a
Hart. 23 April 1932
Foote, Andrew Hull (1806-1863)
Devout and Holy Life, xi, 1728
An efficient military body depends for its
He prays like a saint and fights like the
effect in war-and in peace-less upon its
Bishop Wilkins prophesied that the time
Foe
devil.
position than upon its concentrated force.
would come when gentlemen, when they
were to go on a journey, would call for
That stern joy which warriors feel
Rear Admiral Francis H. Gregory,
Mahan: Naval Administration and
USN: d. 1866
Warfare, 1906
their wings as regularly as they call for
In foemen worthy of their steel.
their boots.
Walter Scott: The Lady of the Lake,
Maria Edgworth: Essay on Irish
1810
Foraging
Between two groups that want to make
inconsistent kinds of worlds, I see no
Bulls, ii, 1802
If you wish to remain in a camp and the
remedy except force.
whispering with white lips "The foe!
Are there no foolish projects in Great
enemy is in your vicinity, your foraging
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 1841-
they come! they come!"
Britain? Did not good Bishop Wilkins
Byron: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,
between his army and yours amounts to
1935, letter to Sir Frederick Pollock
project a scheme to fly?
iii. 1816
living at his expense.
Timothy Dwight: Remarks on the
Frederick The Great: Instructions
Superior force is a powerful persuader.
Review of Inchiquin's Letters. 1815
(See also Enemy.)
for His Generals, 1747
Winston Churchill: Note to the First
Sea Lord, 15 October 1942
120
121
cember 6, 1904]
Soul of the Indian [1911]
I am as strong as a bull moose and you can
11
Men with the muckrake are often indis-
use me to the limit.
pensable to the well-being of society, but only
re
keeps the spirit
Letter to Mark Hanna [June 27,
if they know when to stop raking the
ions not commonly felt,
1900]
muck.
1
e unseen powers.
Ib.
No man is justified in doing evil on the
Address on the laying of the corner-
stone of the House Office Building,
ground of expediency.
The Strenuous Life: Essays and Ad-
Washington [April I4, 1906]
Planck
dresses [1900]. The Strenuous Life
12
Malefactors of great wealth.
3-1947
If we seek merely swollen, slothful ease
Speech at Provincetown, Massachu-
1 assume that any physi-
and ignoble peace, if we shrink from the hard
setts [August 20, 1907]
hey have existed up to
contests where men must win at the hazard
13 Nature-faker.
ntinue to exist in a simi-
of their lives and at the risk of all they hold
Everybody's Magazine [September
ture.
dear, then bolder and stronger peoples will
1907]
Iniverse in the Light of
pass us by, and will win for themselves the
Modern Physics [1931]
Ib.
14
domination of the world.
To waste, to destroy, our natural resources,
to skin and exhaust the land instead of using
een seriously engaged
In life, as in a football game, the principle
it so as to increase its usefulness, will result
any kind realizes that
Jr
to follow is: Hit the line hard.
in undermining in the days of our children
he gates of the temple
Ib. The American Boy
the very prosperity which we ought by right
1 the words: Ye must
There is a homely adage which runs,
to hand down to them amplified and devel-
ity which the scientist
"Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will
oped.
go far." If the American nation will speak
Message to Congress
Science Going? [1932]
softly and yet build and keep at a pitch of the
[December 3, 1907]
ific innovation rarely
highest training a thoroughly efficient navy,
15
ally winning over and
The object of government is the welfare of
the Monroe Doctrine will go far.
its: it rarely happens
the people. The material progress and pros-
Speech at Minnesota State Fair
What does happen is
perity of a nation are desirable chiefly so far
[September 2, 1901]
ually die out and that
as they lead to the moral and material wel-
1 is familiarized with
The first requisite of a good citizen in this
fare of all good citizens.
ining.
Republic of ours is that he shall be able and
The New Nationalism [1910]
hy of Physics [1936]
willing to pull his weight.
16
Every man holds his property subject to
Speech at New York [November
the general right of the community to regu-
II, 1902]
late its use to whatever degree the public wel-
loosevelt
A man who is good enough to shed his blood
fare may require it.
919
for his country is good enough to be given a
Speech at Osawatomie [August
e doctrine of ignoble
square deal afterwards. More than that no
31, 1910]
of the strenuous life.
man is entitled to, and less than that no man
17
We stand at Armageddon and we battle for
the Hamilton Club,
shall have.
the Lord.
ago [April 10, 1899]
Speech at Springfield, Illinois
Speech at Progressive Party Conven-
e mighty things, to
[July 4, 1903]
tion, Chicago [June 17, 1912]
even though check-
No man is above the law and no man is
ake rank with those
18 The lunatic fringe in all reform move-
below it; nor do we ask any man's permission
ments.
r enjoy much nor
Autobiography [1913]
when we require him to obey it. Obedience to
ey live in the gray
the law is demanded as a right; not asked as
19 We demand that big business give the peo-
victory nor defeat.
a favor.
ple a square deal; in return we must insist
Ib.
Third Annual Message [December
that when anyone engaged in big business
7, 1903]
honestly endeavors to do right he shall him-
up of seven words that
self be given a square deal.
Ib.
W.
In the Western Hemisphere the adherence
1946]
of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine
20
We stand equally against government by a
284:13.
may force the United States, however reluc-
plutocracy and government by a mob. There
tantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing
'See John Bunyan, 302:12.
(Smith/Blessey)
March 27, 1989
Draft Two
Ethics
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: POLITICAL APPOINTEES
ROOM 450
TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1989
Ladies and gentlemen, fellow members of our team.
I want to thank you for that introduction, and for the
generosity of your welcome. And let me also add that I have a
confession to make.
You know, it's been said -- now, this will shock you -- that
sometimes I have a hard time being understood. And, of course,
I'm tempted to say that I resemble that charge.
But I'll admit, it's true. And all I can say is that I'm in
some distinguished company.
After all, it was Yogi Berra who, when asked, "Are you a
fatalist?" replied, "No, I never collected postage stamps." And
Danny Ozark, baseball's master of the malaprop, once observed of
his ballplayers, "Contrary to popular belief, I've always had a
wonderful repertoire with them.
See what I mean? Even silver-tongued orators often have
their meaning blurred.
Well, today, let no one blur this message. Let it ring loud
and clear. Ethics are central to our Administration, and we will
enforce them: strictly, comprehensively, and to the letter and
spirit of the law.
2
Seven weeks ago, I issued an Executive Order creating the
President's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked
its members to recommend steps which would foster full confidence
in the integrity of all Federal public officials and employees.
On March 9, this Commission filed its report and its
recommendations. And, today, acting on them, I am announcing a
new Executive Order and legislation to enforce ethics in fact,
not merely theory. This morning, legislation has been sent to
the Congress. And I will issue my Executive Order when that
legislation is passed.
My friends, both means seek a common end: To raise ethical
standards, to avoid conflicts of interest, and to ensure that
violating the law -- even the appearance of wrong-doing -- will
not, can never, be tolerated.
There are those, of course, who say that public ethics
cannot be legislated. Well, maybe not -- but it can be
encouraged, both by the carrot and by the stick. For in public
service, morality is a necessity, not luxury. It is something to
build upon, not to be discarded on a whim.
Our ethics program affirms that fact, and rests on four key
principles.
First, it insists that ethical standards for public servants
must be exacting enough to ensure that officials act with utmost
integrity. Remember: The public's confidence is not ours to
inherit by the right of kings. We must earn that confidence; it
3
must be constantly renewed. Jefferson put it best: "The whole
art of government consists in being honest."
Secondly, our ethics program says that America cannot afford
unreasonably restrictive requirements that discourage able
citizens from entering public service. That is why we have
carefully crafted new post-employment restrictions. And why we
want to allow persons who are required to divest assets in order
to avoid conflicts of interest to defer their tax liability.
Then, there's the third principle of our ethics program. It
insists that standards be fair, uniform, and reflect good old-
fashioned common sense.
For instance, some financial interests are too minor to
create any meaningful conflict-of-interest. So, I want the Office
of Government Ethics to have the authority to issue regulations
authorizing waivers to executive-branch employees from the
conflict-of-interest statute. And I want that Office to issue
regulations which clarify the statute's requirements.
Regarding financial disclosure, our program would eliminate
the statutory rigidity requiring seven specific, very narrow
categories in the Ethics in Government Act for reporting assets
and income. Instead, while setting upper and lower bounds that
assure real disclosure, we will let OGE determine, periodically,
the other categories to use.
And we're asking officials from all three branches to
jointly simplify the forms that must be filled by prospective
Presidential appointees -- the forms you've memorized in your
4
sleep. Our new Executive Order will update ethical standards for
executive-branch employees. And we're urging additional
penalties for violations of criminal conflict-of-interest laws.
You know, an old adage claims that "when all is said and
done, as a rule, more is said than done." Well, our program's
fourth principle, like the previous three, aims to dodge that
pitfall. This principle insists that standards be equitable
across all three branches of government. By saying "Yes" to
fairness, we can reject a double standard.
Today, I propose the following:
To extend to legislative- and judicial-branch employees and
to judges the Federal statute that prohibits employees from
taking actions that affect their own financial interests. To ban
honoraria for federal officials and employees in all three
branches. And to produce a statute creating a uniform cap on
earned income that senior officials in the executive and
legislative branches can receive.
Let us remember: No branch of government is superior to
another. None warrants preferential treatment. Each deserves a
level playing field.
Therefore, I ask that the existing one-year post-employment
"cooling-off" period for senior executive-branch employees also
apply to other branches. And I want a two-year ban against the
disclosure of defined non-public government information.
Assuming the continued existence of the Independent Counsel, I
equest that we extend that statute to cover the Congress. And I
5
want to create an independent ethics office for the Congress, to
be headed by an independent official, confirmed by both houses.
((You know, there's an old New England story about a man,
stuck in the mud with his car, who was asked by a passing
motorist whether he was really stuck. "You could say I was
stuck," the fellow said, "if I was really going anywhere. "))
Our ethics program shows exactly where we are going, and
why. By luring more, and keeping more, of the best and brightest
to government, we seek to build a better, brighter nation. And
by helping others -- honorably, ethically -- we seek to show how
public service is not the sum of its perks or possessions, but of
how we conduct ourselves.
I have said that any definition of a successful life must
include serving others -- in a child-care center, in the nation's
classrooms, and, yes, in its government. For in the end, that is
what public service is all about. We are not islands unto
ourselves. We are partners, for our fate is not divisible.
Henry Clay observed, "Government is a trust, and the
officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and
the trustees are created for the benefit of the people."
My friends, government is a trust, and we are its trustees.
So, let us create a government which benefits the people. And
as humane and selfless public officials, let us prove ourselves
worthy of their trust.
Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.
# # #
5 April 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR CURT SMITH
FROM:
JAG
SUBJECT:
AIR FORCE HERO IN PERSIAN GULF
Scott Thomas, nicknamed "Spike" was an All-American football
safety at the Air Force Academy. During the Gulf war, Scott's
plane crashed because of a malfunction. He survived to be
rescued by our forces. Scott was with the 33rd tactical unit at
Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina. You might say something
about how Scott's bravery during the war was matched only by his
fighting spirit on the Academy's gridiron. 1
E300
72
E38a
WHRC
THE
Quotable
DWIGHT D.
EISENHOWER
Compiled and Edited
by ELSIE GOLLAGHER
and the Staff of Quote
DROKE HOUSE, Publishers
ANDERSON, S.C.
Distributed by
GROSSET AND DUNLAP
51 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y.
G. & D. No. 6709
uilding, Ottawa, Canada, July 9,
those who give or for those who receive. (Speech at National
[12
War College, Washington, D. C., December 19, 1952). [17
AIRCRAFT
he price-support laws now on the
Modern. Today three aircraft with modern weapons
the price supports on basic
can practically duplicate the destructive power of all the
it of parity
Farmers
would
2,700 planes we unleashed in the great breakout attack from
are than have it as a Government
the Normandy beaches. (Speech broadcast from Washing-
are is not merely 9° per cent of
ton, D. C., May 19, 1953).
[18
As Republican Candidate for Presi-
[13
ALLIES
In the international realm, where we cannot stand alone,
or the Government. You can't start
we have stout and loyal allies. Never write off even the least
ons, and you cannot stop growing
among them. (QUOTE, August 13, 1950, as President of
ch. (Speech broadcast from Wash-
Columbia University).
[19
956).
[14
Many of our allies are bound to us more by the loans
ity cannot be sustained without a
which they have needed, than by a faith which our policies
griculture. (Speech broadcast from
and practices should inspire. (As Republican Candidate for
1 16, 1956).
[15
President, in speech at Cincinnati, Ohio, September 22,
1952).
[20
issue that called for intelligence
AMERICA
viction- instead of expediency, pur-
courage instead of timidity, that
America is the greatest force that God has ever allowed to
1. (Speech at Republican Women's
exist on His footstool. (Speech delivered over radio and
Washington, D. C., March 18,
television, Washington, D. C., April 5, 1954).
[21
[16
Our country and its government have made mistakes-
human mistakes. They have been of the head, not of the
Giving aid is not easy, either for
heart. And it is still true that the great concept of the dignity
7
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
YORK mm
mum
nums. HII...
OF No
THE
au
FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET
DATE APRIL 9
TO MAJOR MIKE GOULD
FAX NUMBER 395-4076
OFFICE NUMBER 1747
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS
FROM JENNIFER GROSSMAN /CURT. SMITH
COMMENTS Please give us any comments
on guidance you might have on these
remarks, Also please keep this
CLOSE HOLD. Thanks
OFFICE NUMBER 7750
3
little
As a result, today millions once enslaved are warmed by the
a
too
lamp of liberty. Today, too, the United States has seldom stood
taller in the councils of the world. Never again will friend or
foe doubt America's resolve to win a war or secure the peace. //
To which I say: Thank God. And thank you. //
I have often said that "Character is not something you have.
Character is something you are. " The Air Force forms the essence
of America's character. // years ago, - spoke of this when he
I
observed:
"
" Let me close with a more recent story that
shows the resolution and dedication of our troops in gold and
blue. //
Scott Thomas was an All-American football safety at the
Academy. His nickname was "Spike" -- his opponents can tell you
why. / After graduating, Scott joined the 33rd Tactical Unit at
Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina -- then went to the Persian
Gulf. / There, one day, at 30,000 feet, his plane had mechanical
failure. He ejected safely -- only to find himself alone / on
rocky terrain / inside Iraqi territory. //
Lying on the ground, Scott thought of his football days --
as he says, "knowing you've got to succeed so that the team can
succeed. " Once, his teammates were Air Force Falcons. Now, it
was his wingman and best friend Eric Dodson, who organized a
rescue operation. / /
In the greatest crisis of his life, Spike Thomas relied on
the steel and bravery forged at the Air Force Academy. He never
panicked. He endured freezing cold, and driving rain. He kept
4
his eye on the ball -- and ultimately, was pulled to safety by
his friend.
/ What an example of the greatness that is the
United States Air Force. What a metaphor for the cause larger
than ourselves which sets, and keeps, men free. //
To Scott and Eric -- to all of you -- America salutes your
splendid year on and off the gridiron. God bless you. Next
year, take it easy on the Naval Academy. And may God bless the
United States of America.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Grossman)
April 9, 1991
Draft Four
FORCE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TROPHY REMARKS
Rosevert a
ROSE GARDEN
THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1991
Players, coaches, and official family of a team which
believes that "whatever it takes, just do it." // Lieutenant
General Hamm -- as we note your retirement, we also salute your
career. / Coach of cine DeBerry the Norman Schwartzkopf of the
Ken Schweitzen
gridiron. / N Colonel Clune. Welcome to the White House. And to
a
ceremonies about a trophy which has come to roost among the
Falcons. //
For nearly two decades, the Commander- in -Chief's Trophy has
embodied football supremacy among the Air Force Academy, West
reminds me
Point, and Annapolis. / [[Which leads me to a request: Let's
keep this between you and me. I wouldn't want Annapolis to know
paying homage
that an old Navy man is iving a trophy to the Air Force. ]] / /
But Every serviceman can appreciate the old adage : "In life,
as in a football game, the principle to follow is: 'Hit the line
hard. " // Think of Eddie Rickenbacker. He hit the line hard.
So did other Air Force heroes like Billy Mitchell and Chuck
crew 6 istring AF
Yeager and the Mercury 7. // They were proud to be air warriors
-- made us proud to be Americans. They knew ours would not be
the land of the free if it were not also the home of the brave.
This year, you wrote another chapter in that pioneering
history. Air Force 15, Army 3 -- the first time in a decade you
2
beat the Cadets at West Point. // [[Colin Powell still hasn t
forgiven you] 1. // Air Force 24, Navy 7. // Ouch. // [{Barbara
got an idea of what it's like to go up against your defense back
rode
asted
in January when she slid into a tree ]] / /
You won six regular-season victories. // [[Come to think of
it, what's left to conquer? In the last eight months, the Air
Force has defeated Army, Navy, and the Republican Guard. ]] //
And, no, I'm not forgetting what you did to Ohio State in the
Liberty Bowl -- the biggest upset since the last time I caught a
fish. // On the ground -- in the sky -- you looked opponents in
them
the eye -- and made those opponents blink. //
Ask linebacker Brian Hill. He led the Falcons in tackles
against Ohio State -- a school whose head trainer is his dad. //
[[I hear you passed up a visit to the Pentagon because you
consider Brian to be the real Secretary of Defense. ]] // Ask
Chris Howard. In 1989, he was one of two Academy cadets to win a
Rhodes Scholarship. In 1990, he and other teammates -- and
-
I
and
and -- helped Air Force win the game of football, and
the larger game of life. //
This year, of course, the Air Force helped win not a game
alone -- but a crusade for what is right and just. I refer to
the Persian Gulf -- where you ensured that aggression would not
stand. // Since 1947, the Air Force has known that when it comes
to national defense, finishing second means finishing last. So
in the Gulf, you helped freedom finish first. //
RCV BY:THE WHITE HOUSE
; 4-11-91 ; 3:52PM ;
17194723798-
2024566218:# 1
To:
Jennifer
91 APR 11 P4: 04
From:
Dave Toller
Subject: Quote about the Air Force
"Today, air power is the dominant factor in war. It may
not win a war by itself alone, but without it no major war could
be won."
Arthur Radford
Speech, 1954
YE RAF
1
Winston Chuch 4 2 Th
House of Camp 20 Aug 1940
"Neven in the field of nume conflict
was so much owed by so
way 2 so few."
-could appy 2 us AF in D.S.
in Gen Cuntis E Chinf of Stall often
late Gen Cunt e May AF 1961
"Thus for me has not been able 2
build an electr. main that can
display comage + love of liberty
Nor can tn mach be ded 2 God
f country.
Therefore, ma, because he
has a main + a soulds
80mg to contine 2 B-h kg
2 the kind of national
d efance we need"
3 Cant See ofAF An Rice
"What makes ThAF
great is the comilyst, Lyt,
courage of termerlabth
Afis men + wo, + tn nock-
solid support of their families."
1
a
(pres.). Signa in Epsnon (non. me). Koman Cathone.
ruction of
Bethlehem. Pa. Deceased.
teacher Baltimore City College. 1901-02: admitted to
Md. bar. 1903; atty. for Am. Bonding Co., 1903-04, 2d
Angeles
vays, Cook
Consoer,
RAASCH, RICHARD FREDERIC, physician: b.
v.p., 1906-14, pres.. 1914-30: director and member
(Steck) Union E
naj. engrs.,
Boone. la., Jan. 19, 1921: S. Frederic A. and Adelia F.
executive committee Fidelity & Deposit Co.; dir.
Fidelity-Balt. Nat. Bank and Trust Co. Mem. Baltimore
Served
$11. Engrs.,
(Farnsworth) R.; M.D., U. Neb., 1945: m. Georgia
Bd. Liquor License Commns., 1916-19; sec. of state of
Bankers
plic. Club:
Lucile Thompson. June 15. 1948: children-Rodney
James. Roderic Allan, Renee Jeanette. Randall Scott.
Md., 1919-20: apptd. regional adviser. 1934, of Pub.
Industry
Rochelle Ann. Robbin Lea. Intern, Kings County Hosp.,
Works Adminstrn. for states of Md., Del.. Va., W.Va.,
Assn. H
N.C.. Tenn., Ky. and D.C.; member United States
Francis
tiladelphia,
Bklyn. 1945-46. resident in diagnostic radiology.
Senate. 1935-47. Member Maryland State Council of
(Newpc
: Margaret
1949-51: resident in pathology Lincoln Gen. Hosp..
Defense, World War I: apptd. spl. commissioner to
Jan. 20.
: m. Mary
1948-49: resident in radiology Univ. Hosp., Omaha,
mem. of
organize war work records of Md., 1919: apptd. to
1951-52. Methodist Hosp., Omaha, 1951-52: pres.
195: with
similar position World War 11. Pres. Md. Chapter Nat.
RAFFN
med. staff St. Joseph's Hosp.. Dickinson. N.D. Mem.
Foundation Infantile Paralysis. Trustee St. Mary's
Bloomi
I: gen. vice
adv. bd. St. Joseph's Sch. Practical Nursing: mem. N.D.
Seminary Junior College, Md.: honorary V. chmn. The
(Silver)
ion. 1920,
Med. Econ. Commn. Served with AUS. 1943-45: to
1936;
Harry S. Truman Library. Inc. Mem. Archaeol. Inst.
ernat. rep.,
capt.. M.C., 1946-48. Diplomate Am. Bd. Radiology.
Morrisa
Am., Am., Md. Balt. bar assns., English Speaking Union
orkmen of
Mem. A.M.A., Am. Coll. Radiology, N.D. Radiol. Soc.
dentistr
1 Catholic.
(pres. Md. from 1956). Nat. Conf. Christians and Jews
(sec.-treas., pres.), 9th Dist. Med. Soc. (sec.-treas.,
Produc
(chmn. Maryland 1953-54). UN Assn. Md., St.
pres.). N.D. Tb and Respiratory Disease Assn.
Morrist
George's Soc. Balt., Am. Hist. Soc., Md. Hist. Soc.
Methodist (Sunday sch. tchr., finance com.). Home:
Served
(pres. trustee). Kappa Alpha. Chmn. Md. Dem.
Castleton.
Dickinson. N.D. Died Dec. 26. 1971: buried Dickinson.
Metals.
Campaign Com., 1932. 36. 44. Mason (33°). Clubs:
inn: M.D..
N.D.
Invento
Bankers (New York City): University. Johns Hopkins.
n. July 18.
Home:
Maryland. Merchants. Bachelors Cotillon. Baltimore
21. Union
RABE, ROBERT EMANUEL, psychiatrist: b. Canton.
Country. Author: Governor Hicks of Maryland and the
DW Lahey
O., Oct. 13. 1925; S. Robert and Helen Rabe: M.D..
RAHI,
Civil War. 1902. Home: Baltimore Md. Died July 29.
p., Boston:
Wayne State U.. 1955: m. Charlotte Biddle. Sept. 30.
Nov. 2
1974.
ner Hosp.
1950: children-Robert M., Paul A., Christopher D..
Bachel
City Hosp..
John T.. Warren. Intern. Detroit Meml. Hosp.. 1955
Interna
RADFORD, ARTHUR WILLIAM, naval officer.
dan Hosp.,
56: resident Pontiac (Mich.) State Hosp.. 1956-57.
Egypti:
banking cons.: b. Chgo., Feb. 27. 1896: grad. U.S. Naval
thesiology
Detroit Receiving Hosp., 1957-59: pvt. practice
bur. UI
Acad., 1916; commd. ensign U.S. Navy, 1916.
thesiology
medicine specializing in psychiatry. Detroit. 1959-69.
73, 1st
advanced through grades to adm., 1949: duty Atlantic
if and dir.
Santa Barbara, Cal., 1969-74: mem. staff Detroit
gen., 1'
and Pacific Fleets. 1918-19: flight tng. Naval Air Sta.,
-ved to It.
Receiving Hosp., 1959-69; Cons. Santa Barbara
interre
Pensacola, Fla., 1920: with Bur. Aero., Navy Dept.,
Am. Rd.
County. 1970-73: mem. staff Los Angeles Mental
1921-23; joined Aircraft Squadrons. Battle Fleet, and
Eng. Soc.
RAHV
Health Dept., 1973-74: mem. teaching staff Camarillo
subsequently served in air units attached to U.S.S.
Am. Soc.
co-edit
State Hosp. Served with AUS. 1944-45. Decorated
Colorado and U.S.S. Pennsylvania: duty Naval Air Sta.,
earch Soc.
of Hen
Purple Heart. Diplomate Am. Bd. Psychiatry and
San Diego. 1927-29: then officer charge Alaskan Aerial
uried Fair
the Po
Neurology. Mem. Am. Psychiat. Assn. Home: Santa
Survey. 6 months; assigned U.S.S. Saratoga, 1929-30;
Home:
Barbara, Cal. Died Mar. 22. 1974.
aide and flag sec. on staff. comdr. aircraft Battle Force,
U.S. Fleet, 1931-32; assigned Bur. Aeron., 1932-35,
RAIG
editor: b.
RABINOWITCH, EUGENE, educator. phys. chemist:
then served as navigator U.S.S. Wright: assigned U.S.S.
Phila.,
nomas and
b. St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Russia. Apr. 27. 1901: S.
Saratoga, 1936-37; comdr. Naval Air Sta., Seattle,
Penros
body Coll.
Isaac and Zinaida (Weinlud) R.: Ph.D., U. Berlin, 1926;
1937-40: at sea in U.S.S. Yorktown, 1940-41; dir.
Phila.,
New York.
D.H.L. (hon.) Brandeis U., 1960: D.Sc. (hon.),
aviation tng., Bur. Aero. 1941-43; assigned Pacific,
m. Ma
ederick A.
Dartmouth. 1964, Columbia Coll., Chgo., 1967. Alma
1943-44: asst. dept. chief naval operations for air, Navy
(Mich.) Coll., 1970: m. Anna Mejerson. Mar. 12. 1932:
(dec.).
itor. 1918:
Dept., 1944 (acting dept. June-July 1944); various
922. With
children-Alexander and Victor (twins). Research asso.
specia
commands, 1945-49: comdr. in chief Pacific and U.S.
3-22. Has
U. Gottingen. 1929-33. Univ. Coll., London. 1934-38.
policie
Pacific Fleet. and high comdr. Trust Ty., 1949; comdr.
Univ.
a. also in
Mass. Inst. Tech., 1939-44. Manhattan Project, 1944-
Philippine-Formosa Area. 1952: chmn. Joint Chiefs of
Arts a
$ Overseas
46: 46: research prof. botany and biophysics U. III.,
Staff. 1953-57; retired. 1957: cons. devel. fgn. and
Univ.,
Methodist.
1947-68. mem. Center Advanced Studies. 1966-68:
domestic business Bankers Trust Co., from 1957; dir.
histor
I Mexico.
prof. chemistry and biology State U. N.Y., Albany, from
U.S. Freight Co., Molybdenum Corp. Am., Witco
Irelan
if Rubber.
1968: sr. adviser Center for Science and Human Affairs.
Chem. Co., Decorated D.S.M. with gold star. Legion of
Europ
hn Smith.
from 1968. Recipient 1965 Kalinga prize UNESCO:
Merit with gold star. Victory medal. Atlantic Fleet
in Ru:
ic Primer.
Kettering award Am. Soc. Plant Physiol.. 1967. Mem.
clasp. American Def. Service medal, Fleet clasp.
to Pan
IC Spanish
Am. Chem. Soc., Am. Phys. Soc., Fedn. Am. Scientists.
Asiatic-Pacific area campaign medal. World War II
Hist.
ists. 1924:
Am. Biophys. Soc. Author: (monographs) Rare Gases
Victory medal: companion Order of Bath (Eng.). Home:
Conte
p. (pseud.
(German). 1928: Periodic System (German), 1930;
Washington D.C. Died Aug. 17. 1973.
York)
opalachian
Photosynthesis, Vol. 1. 1945. Vol. II 1. 1950. Vol. II 2.
Russia
1956: Minutes to Midnight. 1950; Dawn of a New Age.
RADFORD, GEORGE STANLEY, cons. engr.: b.
In Otl
1964: also articles. Editor. editorial writing Bull. Atomic
Detroit. Mich., May 20. 1881: S. George W. and Laura
Philac
enix. R.I.,
Scientists. Home: Albany N.Y. Died May 15, 1971.
Frances Hotchkiss (Doolittle) R.: B.S., U.S. Naval
Cabe) Q.:
Acad., 1903; M.S., Mass. Inst. Tech.. 1905; m. Clara
RAIN
m. Mary
RACKLEY, FRANK BAILEY, bus. cons.; b. East
Kerr McCormick. Dec. 26. 1906. Officer, construction
Italy,
ic. Robert
McKeesport, Pa.. Sept. 30. 1916: Frank W. and Hazel
corps, U.S. Navy. 1903-15; cons. engr., Remington
R.; St
ope Dorr.
(Bailey) R.: student U. Pitts.. 1935: Carnegie Inst. Tech.,
Arms Co., 1915-17: contract mgr., U.S. Shipping Bd.
Later
eticed in
1936-38: m. Marguerite Moe Rackley: children—
Emergency Fleet Corp., 1917-18; cons. engr. to various
1936-
ce Service
Margo. Frank B., Richard. Jo Ann. Office boy Carnegie
dustries with special reference to improvement of
Roma
ate. 1923-
III. Steel Co., Pitts., 1938-39. salesman, Milw., 1939-40.
product and economy of manufacture. from 1918.
Apos
DV., 1937-
Chgo., 1940-48. mgr. stainless sales western div., !948;
Fellow Am. Soc. of England. Army Ordnance Assn.,
Apos
ge U.S. Ct.
gen. mgr. sales Jessop Steel Co. Washington, Pa., 1948:
U.S. Naval Inst. Republican. Episcopalian. Clubs: Army
charg
NAME OF SPEECH & DATE OF SPEECH Medal of Honor
TO
SMAW
4/19/91
Smith
3M40
NAME OF WRITER :
NAME OF RESEARCHER: Grossman
SPEECH SYNOPSIS:
Potus posthamously awards the
Medal of Honor to Atl the family members of
Corporal Freddie Stowers. the award reaghter
his act of exceptional heroism on September 28,
1918. His remails describe the action seen
that day in World War One and touch
the legacy those acts provide.
NAME OF SPEECH & DATE OF 4/19/91 SPEECH Trophy Remonles
NAME OF WRITER :
faith
NAME OF RESEARCHER: Grossman
SPEECH SYNOPSIS:
the are remailes given before
presenting the Commander in Chiefis Trophy
to the an force acadamy Jalcons. The Hoply
embodies football the Air
Force decdamy, naval acadamy.
the remarks recognize Coach DeBerry and
a sirecessful season. Potus also touches
various players fer their contributions to
upon the Atory of acadamy graduate and
reserved from inside Iragi territory.
Desert Afgin hero &cott Thomas, who was