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Queen Elizabeth II Visit 5/14/91 [OA 8323] [2]
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323153341
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Queen Elizabeth II Visit 5/14/91 [OA 8323] [2]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S; 2009-1293-F; 2017-1750-F
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13756
Folder ID Number:
13756-009
Folder Title:
Queen Elizabeth II Visit 5/14/91 [OA 8323] [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
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26
21
4
2
05/14/1991 20:44 FROM BRIT EMB
TO
94566218 P.01
UNCLASSIFIED ONLY
91 MAY 14 P4: 49
THE BRITISH EMBASSY
WASHINGTON. D.C.
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION LEADER
FAX NUMBER: (202) 898 4255
(To be completed by Comcen)
MESSAGE INPUT NUMBER
DATE
TRANSMITTED AT (GMT)
BY
(To be completed by originating department)
THIS TRANSMISSION CONSISTS OF 2 PAGE (S) PLUS LEADER.
FROM Richard Palph
TO 15 ennifer IMMEDIATE Erossman, White House
FAX. TELEPHONE NUMBER (including area code) (202)456 6218
DEPARTMENT TO BE CHARGED Chancery
AS monised. Let me know
7 you need move details,
Signed sesay
Piohana Rayn
BRITISH EMBASSY WASHINGTON FACSIMILE NUMBERS
BRITISH DEFENCE STAFF
:
898 4268
DEFENCE SUPPLY
:
898 4418
553 5908
Extended Page
1.1
BRITISH NAVI
U.K.D.P.O.
:
898 2496
COMMERICAL DEPARTMENT
:
898 4224
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT
:
898 4273
ADMIN. DEPARTMENT
or
898 4273
CHANCERY
:
898 4255
05/14/1991 20:44 FROM BRIT EMB
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94566218 P.02
STATE VISIT
PIPERS PERFORMING AT THE ROYAL GARDEN PARTY
AND THE BANQUET HOSTED BY HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN
Four Pipers from the 1st Battalion The Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders (Princess Louise's) are to play at the Royal Garden
Party on Wednesday 15th May and at the Banquet hosted by Her Majesty
The Queen for The President on Wednesday 16 May.
The Pipers, Sergeant Jim Motherwell, Lance Corporal Andrew Warren,
Private Gordon Rowan and Private James Waugh, have all recently
returned from an operational tour in Northern Ireland with their
Battalion.
The Queen has a very special connection with the Regiment - She
became Colonel-in-Chief of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in
1947 whilst still Princess Elizabeth and has maintained a close
association with Her Regiment ever since. Sgt Motherwell will be
carrying The Queen's Pipe Banner on his pipes. This was presented
as a personal gift by The Queen to the 1st Battalion of the Regiment
in 1978 to replace an original one presented after Her coronation.
The other Pipers will be carrying pipe banners bearing the Coats of
Arms of the County of Argyllshire, the Burgh of Dunoon and the Burgh
of Tobermory, which represent the home county and two of the
Argyllshire towns of which the Regiment has the Freedom - a right
given to the Regiment which permits its men to parade with Colours
flying, bayonets fixed and drums beating. This is exercised
periodically by the Regiment.
The tradition of military pipers goes back to well before the
founding of the Regiment in 1794. Traditionally Highland Chieftains
had their own Pipers who formed the rallying point for their clan on
the battlefield. History relates many occasions on which the eerie
sound of the pipes has put fear in the enemy's hearts as Scottish
Regiments have launched into the attack. The Pipers' traditional
role has changed little and in all the Scottish Regiments they are
regarded with a degree of esteem. This is marked by their dress
which distinguishes them from other soldiers in the Regiment and in
the Argyll's case include Blackcock feathers in their Glengarry
bonnets, dress sporrans, and black cross-belts emblazoned with
Regimental insignia. The Pipers are all fully-trained members of
the Battalion's Machine Gun Platoon.
1
05/14/1991 20:45 FROM BRIT EMB
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94566218 P.03
Following the Banquet the Pipers will be playing a set of tunes
which will include:
March:
The Glendaruel Highlanders
Jig:
Glasgow City Police Pipers
Hornpipes:
Itchy Fingers
The Banjo Breakdown
Regimental Marches:
Highland Laddie
The Campbells are Coming
Thereafter Pipe Sergeant Motherwell will play a march which he has
composed especially for the occasion entitled 'Desert Storm'. on
completion of the tune, he will then propose the Loyal Toast in
Gaelic 'Slainte do'n Bhanrich, Slainte Dhuibh Vile Gu Leir', which
translated means 'Health to The Queen, Health to One and All'. He
will then present the written score of 'Desert Storm' to The Queen,
who in turn will present it to The President.
Sergeant Motherwell composed the tune whilst on active duty in
Northern Ireland. Sgt Motherwell was subsequently attacked whilst
on patrol in Belfast which resulted in the loss of a finger and
jeopardized his chances of playing th pipes again. Fortunately he
has recovered fully.
2
TOTAL P.03
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United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
FAX SHEET
TEL: (202) 647-8027
FAX: (202) 647-3463
DATE:
May 2, 1991
TO:
Fred Sainz
White House
FAX: 456-6218
TELEPHONE: 456-7750
FROM:
Eileen A. Malloy, Officer In Charge
United Kingdom/Bermuda Desk
Office of Northern European Affairs (EUR/NE)
Department of State
Washington, D.C.
NUMBER OF PAGES TO FOLLOW: 14
SUBJECT: Queen Elizabeth II Visit
COMMENT:
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United States Department of State
Eun
9107613
Washington, D.C. 20520
IST:
'91 MT -1 M1:03
May 1, 1991
EM
/P
UNCLASSIFIED
A
/S
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
/S-S
THE WHITE HOUSE
MA
MB
UR
Subject: State Visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and
F:rw
Northern Ireland - Draft Remarks
The Department transmits for your consideration draft
remarks for the President's use during the State Visit of Queen
Elizabeth II of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Remarks
have been provided for the White House Arrival Ceremony and the
White House Dinner on May 14 as well as possible appearances by
the President at the luncheon on Capital Hill and the Return
Dinner at the British Residence on May 16.
C
J. Stapleton Roy
Executive Secretary
Attachment:
Four sets of Draft Remarks
UNCLASSIFIED
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SAM
Drafted by: LONDON:MScully/EUR/NE:EAMalloy 647-8027
SENEUK 649 4/25/91
Cleared: EUR:RJohnson
EUR/NE:EMHeaphy
P:AWOLFF
C:MFOULON
PA:RBOUCHER
EAIL for
S/P: DWAGNER
S/S:
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Statement of the President
At Arrival Ceremonies THO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, it is an honor
and a delight to welcome you and Prince Philip to the United
States and to the White House.
On the occasion of your first state visit to the United States,
President Eisenhower spoke of the bonds of friendship between
our nations. He said, "Those ties have been tested in the
crucible of war when we have fought side by side to defend the
values we hold dear." That was true in 1957, and it is just as
true today.
Your Majesty, for nearly 400 years, the histories of Britain
and America have been inseparably connected. The first
permanent English settlement in America was established at
Jamestown, Virginia, 384 years ago this week. Thirteen years,
later, in 1620, the Pilgrims landed far to the north, at a
place they called Plymouth Rock, They named it after your
great naval port, from which they had sailed many weeks
before. The American nation sprang from those two ventures.
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We Americans cherish our relationship with Britain. As close
as our relations have been over the years, I believe they have
never been closer than they are today. Few alliances in
history approach the friendship of Britain and America in terms
of duration, mutual respect, and deep sentiment.
Our ties include military and intelligence cooperation. They
encompass thousands of commercial ventures from technology to
television to tourism. They span the range of art, language,
and culture. And perhaps most telling of all, our citizens
have created family ties which bind our two nations together in
a special way.
Yet ours is above all an alliance of shared principles -- of a
commonality of beliefs about the value of the individual life,
and about freedom, justice, and the rule of law. In this, too,
our greatness and our longings are intertwined.
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, and with the
greatest pleasure, I welcome you and Prince Philip to the
United States, for what I trust will be a stimulating and
thoroughly enjoyable visit.
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Draft of Toast by the President
At the State Dinner IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, the English settlement at Jamestown was founded
three hundred and eighty-four years ago this week. There for
the first time the histories of Britain and America became
entwined. It was the first of many such memorable moments.
Recently, there was another memorable moment, when our two
nations together cooperated so magnificiently to liberate
Kuwait. All Americans involved in any way in the crisis will
remember as long as they live the resolve of Margaret Thatcher
and John Major, the stalwartness of Your Majesty's services,
and the unflinching support of the British people.
Yet our military cooperation is just one facet of our
remarkable British-American relationship.
Our commercial ties are legion. Britain and the U.S. are the
largest single investors in each other's economies. The UK is
America's largest export market in Europe. Similarly, the UK
exports more to America than to any other single trading
partner.
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In overseas investment, the figures are equally striking. For
example, of all European overseas investment in the United
States about half comes from Britain. Of all American
investment in the twelve EC countries almost forty percent goes
to Britain. As for total investment, British investment in the
U.S. is almost twice that of the second-largest investor
nation, Japan.
Our cultural ties, of every kind and for every level of taste,
are myriad. We share a common language, a common ethical
heritage, and similar legal and political traditions.
Americans read more British authors, watch more British movies
and television programs, and listen to more British music than
to the cultural products of any other nation. The same is true
in reverse.
All in all, we must like each other, because Americans and
Britons exchange roughly 150 million pieces of mail each year.
We also place transatlantic telephone calls to one another with
great frequency -- approximately 185 million each year.
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Your Majesty, fifteen years ago, you visited our country during
the most important week of America's bicentennial year. It was
a week of celebration and rejuvenation throughout our land.
How proud we were to have you here to share it with us.
When you were in Philadelphia during that visit, you
inaugurated a new Bicentennial bell. Like the Centennial bell,
it was a gift from the people of Britain to the people of the
United States.
As you remember, Your Majesty, on the Bicentennial Bell are
inscribed the words, "Let Freedom Ring." Freedom has been
ringing far and wide in recent years. In some places with
stunning swiftness, in others in slow irregular steps, progress
is being made toward constitutional government and freedom
under law.
What that movement owes to the example of Britain and America
can hardly be overstated. Nor can the importance of writers
and thinkers inspired to greatness by their devotion to
liberty: John Locke, Edmund Burke, Thomas Jefferson, George
Mason, and James Madison.
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Indeed, how similar are our current goals to those crafted
fifty years ago in the Atlantic Charter, when our nations
expressed the hope that we might "see established a peace which
will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety
within their own boundaries and which will afford assurance
that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in
freedom from fear and want. #
Ladies and gentlemen, with great pleasure, and conscious of the
honor that is ours tonight, I ask you to join me in a toast to
Her Majesty the Queen.
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Remarks at Congressional Luncheon IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness Prince Philip
The Capitol
Thursday, May 16, 1991
Your Majesty, Prince Philip, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, it is a unique privilege to welcome you, on
behalf of the people of the United States, to our beloved
Capitol building.
The cornerstone of the Capitol was laid in 1793. This location
was a hill, called Jenkins' Heights, on which there were a few
farms. Between here and the site of the White House, there was
nothing but swampland. Whether this was a matter of prescience
or coincidence, I cannot say. But there have been times when
it gave new meaning to the phrase "things are getting bogged
down."
Of course, there is nothing particularly American in that.
After all, in 1581, Your Majesty's ancestor Elizabeth asked the
Speaker after a long period of inactivity in Parliament, "Now,
Mr. Speaker, what hath passed in the Lower House?" To which
the Speaker replied: "If it please Your Majesty, seven weeks."
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For a couple of decades after the government moved here from
Philadelphia, travel was 50 difficult that the quickest way
from the White House to the Capitol was by carriage to
Georgetown, then by boat from Georgetown to a landing on the
Anacostia River, about a mile from here. Then, once again, the
traveler would take a carriage overland to the Capitol. In
1814, Your Majesty's troops demonstrated that the last portion
of the journey could be made on foot, with no loss of
efficiency.
In the depths of the Civil War, President Lincoln was
criticized for continuing the reconstruction of the Capitol.
Yet he wisely responded, "If the people see the Capitol going
on, it is a sign we intend the Union shall go on."
In every outward aspect, President Lincoln was the commonest of
men. Many would call him the most American of presidents. A
child of the frontier, his education consisted principally of
two books: the King James Bible and the Works of Shakespeare.
He grew to manhood and raised his family in the then-new state
of Illinois. His only experience of the federal government
before becoming president, was a term in the House of
Representatives, which he cherished.
ed on its gambling casinos, but
THE QUEEN WAS A MECHANIC
and ballet to the country and
iter. Although her husband sup-
vmpathetic to his first love-the
At eighteen, Britain's dignified Queen Elizabeth II was a grease mon-
e two yachts he named for her.
key.
Wanting to contribute to the war effort in 1944, the eigh-
1 other things to differ about as
teen-year-old Princess Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service
rted her to Catholicism when she
for a course in heavy mechanics. Officially, she was No. 230873 Second
Subaltern Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor.
roots. One of the causes of the
Her commander picked the princess up at Windsor Castle on her
young British-Jewish songwriter
first day and drove her to the training center at Camberly, where a
r, as the dowager princess, she
France and a London apartment
jacked-up car without wheels awaited her. At that time, she couldn't
even drive. During her training, in which she learned to strip and service
riters, and political leaders. She
engines and drive military vehicles, she was treated "like any
y-seven.
other"-except that she slept each night at Windsor Castle.
On final test day, King George VI found his daughter in greasy
overalls under a car. Returning a short while later, he asked, "What,
not got it going yet?" To her chagrin, the engine wouldn't start. The king
had secretly removed the car's distributor.
LEWEED
eed infesting your property? You
ankee nurseryman who planted
rds-across America in the early
Johnny Appleseed, took his sack
4
owing them along roadways, by
g a burlap coffee sack for a shirt
'oot eccentric became well known
the power of medicinal plants and
n belief in his day that dog fennel
tentions, Appleseed scattered the
e foul-smelling weed spread from
ing as high as fifteen feet. Today,
cannot rid their fields of the plant
ed."
Princess Elizabeth struggles with a stubborn tire during wartime duties
31
Sta:
the
The princess's commander gave her a positive evaluation: "Her
The
Royal Highness is a very good and extremely considerate driver."
Boc
Da
The biblical
ha:
fish story? I
lig)
human being
In Febru
ing
THE SOLDIER WHO FLED THE ALAMO
zin
a crew meml
waters off th
go:
lar
Of the more than 180 defenders of the Alamo, only one man, Louis
rine leviatha
dr
"Moses" Rose, escaped to tell the story of the bloody siege in the winter
whale that 1:
fro
of 1836.
Two boats 1
W
Bolstered by the hope that reinforcements would arrive at any mo-
ley-were di
kn
ment, the tiny garrison of Texas patriots had for days held off more than
catapulted h
5,000 Mexican troops led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna. How-
struck, the V
W
ever, it eventually became clear that no help was forthcoming and that
slammed into
defeat was imminent.
ors soon sub
The garrison's commander, Colonel William Barret Travis, assem-
When tl
bled his men to advise them of the hopeless situation. In an inspired
missing and
speech, he extolled the virtues of dying for Texas, then he drew a line
whale alongs
in the dust with his sword. Those who wished to fight and die in glory
the blubber.
and honor, he said, should step across the line. One by one, all
whale's stom
crossed—except Moses Rose.
the Journal
A fifty-year-old French veteran who had fought with Napoleon,
a movement
Rose professed to know more about violent death than did the twen-
unconscious.
ty-seven-year-old Travis. "I am not prepared to die," Rose said, "and
vived him, bu
shall not do so if I can avoid it." He vaulted a wall and fled through
quarters for
Within f
enemy territory, barely eluding capture. Several days later, he found
shelter with a sympathetic farmer who listened to his amazing tale. By
it had been lil
this time, all the defenders of the Alamo were dead. The victorious Mexi-
tail hitting h
cans spared only the noncombatants-a few women, children, and
passed in da
slaves.
His hands fé
able-it was
Rose lived fourteen more years, running a butcher shop in Nacogdo-
When he aw
ches, Texas. Eventually he went to live near Logansport, Louisiana,
For the
where he died in 1850.
white, bleach
32
Irving Wallace
David Wallechinsky
and Amy Wallace
Authors of THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC
and THE BOOK OF LISTS
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
10
5TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1991 Newsday, Inc.;
Newsday
April 23, 1991, Tuesday, NASSAU AND SUFFOLK EDITION
SECTION: PART II; Pg. 49
LENGTH: 3435 words
HEADLINE: A Royal Debate: Time to Abdicate?
Some say she's determined to die on the job, others that she fears she's a
target for terrorists and is tired of the fishbowl the media keeps her family
in.
BYLINE: By Michele Ingrassia. STAFF WRITER
KEYWORD: COVER; QUEEN ELIZABETH II; GREAT BRITAIN; RETIREMENT; ABDICATE;
HISTORY; MONEY; FAMILY; MEDIA
BODY:
HER FACE is fuller at the jaw. Her royal blue eyes are framed by not-so-royal
lines. A tide of gray has washed through her hair, combed now, as it has been
for decades, into an indefinable mass of curls.
If it is hard to imagine Queen Elizabeth II as aging, perhaps it's because,
in her nearly 40 years on the throne, the royal image has been remarkably
unchanged. Let others suffer fashion's whims. Elizabeth remains, well,
Elizabeth: the rather plain woman with the rather ordinary veneer; the stalwart
monarch with the unflagging wave and the unrelenting - some would say stiff isser
smile; the upper-crust woman with the middle-class sense of chic. In her
ruffled-and-flourished hats and Hardy Amies dresses, her clunky purses and
sensible pumps, she rules over what may be the last great monarchy on earth.
But appearance is as deceptive as the monarchy itself, and just as time waits
for no man, it certainly doesn't stop for royals. And so, with all the
predictability of a mere mortal, Queen Elizabeth turned 65 this week - her
real birthday was Sunday; the official celebration is June 15 - amid speculation
about how she'll spend the next 20 or 30 years. Already, there are indications
she is slowing down. But the real question is whether she will be stepping down.
For the House of Windsor, scandalized and traumatized by the abdication of
Edward VIII - the only British monarch to quit the throne in the last 300 years
- it is an issue of no small moment. But the betting, for now at least, is that
Elizabeth, who can trace her lineage back to King Egbert in 829, will stay on.
"For ordinary mortals doing a job, when they reach sixty-five they retire.
But for her, it wouldn't be retirement - it would be abdication, it would be
giving up her hereditary obligation," said British historian David Cannadine of
Columbia University. "The family is still haunted by Edward, and anything that
is even remotely reminiscent of that is something she wouldn't want. She is
determined to die on the job."
That is precisely what officialdom says. "It's not a question; it's not an
issue at all," a Buckingham Palace spokesman said the other day when asked
LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE 11
(c) 1991 Newsday, April 23, 1991
about the possibility of abdication. But as royal biographer Robert Lacey has
said about palace denials, "This means little." Indeed, whether Elizabeth would
or should abdicate is a debate that has raged, on and off, for years; it
resurfaces now not only because of her age, but also because of the turmoil that
increasingly surrounds her:
If she stays, what will become of Charles, Prince of Wales and heir to the
throne, a 42-year-old man with seemingly nothing to do but talk to his plants,
criticize modern architecture and wait for his mother to die?
If she steps down, who will preserve the royal image? Who will chide those
randy royals whose lives have become such a public soap opera that the monarchy
is regularly described as # Dallas at the Palace?" Even the dimensions of
daughter-in-law Sarah Ferguson's derriere are fair game for the British press.
Said Cannadine: "I sometimes wonder what the monarchy has been reduced to when
Fergie's bottom is considered fit material for a paper."
But at the same time, trying to figure out what the royals will do is akin to
divining the ways of the Kremlin, the Mob or the Vatican. Among those who
believe the queen has had enough of the spectacle is Charles Higham, co-author
of the new biography, "Elizabeth and Philip." The queen had every intention of
abdicating this year, he argues - not because of relentless gossip, but because
she feared the ever-present threat of violence from the Irish Republican Army
would be "too great a burden" in old age. The "first inkling" the queen would
abdicate came in 1981, he said, after a man wielding a 9-mm pistol fired six
shots at her during a parade of her troops. That, he said, was when Elizabeth
decided, "I don't want to spend the rest of my life on the wrong end of the
gun."
"She laid out those plans [to abdicate] very clearly," Higham said in a
telephone interview from Los Angeles, "but the continual stream of adverse
publicity surrounding Charles and Diana's marriage has made her feel that, in
this atmosphere, she shouldn't leave the throne."
Of course, if the queen does decide to step down, it doesn't have to happen
immediately; it could be on the 40th anniversary of her coronation in 1993, or
even a decade from now. There would be ample, if not necessarily comparable,
precedent. In The Netherlands, for example, abdication has become just another
word for early retirement: Queen Wilhelmina, who took over the throne in 1890,
abdicated in favor of her daughter Juliana in 1948; she, in turn, abdicated in
favor of her daughter Beatrix in 1980. But among the British, there have been
only two since the early Middle Ages: James II was forced to abdicate in 1688;
Edward VIII did it voluntarily in 1936. And as historians point out, Edward was
never crowned, meaning that, unlike Elizabeth, he was never anointed with holy
oil, which seals the sovereign to God 'til-death-do-us-part. And some say that
thickens the plot.
"It's inconceivable that the head of the Church of England, which Elizabeth
is, and a person who has promised to God all that she has, would turn her back
on her duties," said Harold Brooks-Baker, editor of "Burke's Peerage," the bible
of British aristocracy. "There isn't one chance in fifty million that that would
happen."
If he's right, Elizabeth could go on queening well into the 21st Century,
genetics and modern medicine being what they are. Her father and predecessor,
LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS®
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
12
(c) 1991 Newsday, April 23, 1991
King George VI, died at age 57 in 1952; but her mother, known far and wide as
the Queen Mum, is nearly 91 now, and Queen Victoria, her great-great
grandmother, lived to age 82. So Charles could be well into his 60s before he
becomes king. Victoria's son, Edward VII, was 59 before he reached the throne,
and he spent the waiting years in decadent self-indulgence.
Such realities so distressed Queen Elizabeth, according to Robert Lacey's
biography, "Majesty," that she herself broached the idea of abdication with her
advisers as early as 1965.
"The monarchy is a brutal institution - an heir to the throne doesn't have
the job until the occupant has died," said Cannadine. "It's a bizarre and, to a
Twentieth Century way, cruel way of employing people. From Charles' standpoint,
there is absolutely no doubt there is nothing he'd like more than to be king
Charles can't spend the next twenty-five years talking to his plants. That is
the argument for her to abdicate."
But R.J.Q. Adams, a professor of 20th-Century British history at Texas A&M
University, argues this notion of disposable royalty is the very antithesis of a
monarchy. "It's just the spirit of the Nineties - Charles is fortyish, an age
where people think he should be productive," Adams said. "So, as Americans, we
say, 'By golly, get on with the job! Be king!' But in fact, it isn't his job
yet. Charles does have a job - it's just not one we think of as a job."
About the only legitimate reason for the queen to abdicate, Adams says, would
be if she were unable to fulfill her duties. But, he quickly adds, "The duties
of the monarchy aren't that great. In fact, the primary duty for the queen is to
be there."
And be there she is, Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the
Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of
Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of
the Faith.
"Lillibet," as she was dubbed in childhood, was born when the
sun-never-sets-on-it British Empire had only begun to diminish. And she came to
power at a time when politicians and monarchs were still permitted to have
private lives. Yet, the Britain she reigns over now is only first among equals
in a Commonwealth of Nations; the monarchy is a virtual anachronism, vaunted as
much for its Disney-esque tourist value as for its personification of British
values.
'SHE CAN'T VOTE, and she has less discretionary power than any monarch in
history, but she manages to carry it off," Adams said. "She has no power, but
great influence: To be the monarch is to be the head of society."
It is a job - limited though it is to advising and warning - that, by all
accounts, the queen takes terribly seriously. Every day, she reads the "boxes,"
the papers and cables of government. Every week, she meets with the prime
minister. Every year, she opens the new session of Parliament. Every December,
she delivers her Christmas message. More important, perhaps, she spends the
lion's share of her public life out and about, with a brisk schedule of official
engagements - charities, openings, travel - that is second only to Princess
Anne's.
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Although many royals-watchers say the queen has begun to cut back from her
traditional load (about 40 appearances a month), it's obvious she's not exactly
heading for the royal retirement home: The tentative itinerary for her state
visit to the United States next month shows a nine-day, breakneck trip through
Washington, D.C., Florida, Texas and Kentucky.
"She loves being queen, she hasn't tired of it," said Higham. "She relishes
the power. She loves being a tycoon and owning vast investments all over the
world. She has never been a person who is mousy or shy about what she is."
Maybe so, but at the age of 65, Elizabeth still seems as reticent and aloof
as she did when she came to the throne. Her mother still admonishes her, "Smile,
dear." She still freezes before a camera. But if she is neither as beloved as
the Queen Mum nor as glamorous as her daughters-in-law, the queen occupies a
rarified level all her own.
"In the last ten years, opinion polls have rated her the most popular of the
royals," said Nigel Evans, deputy editor of Majesty, a British magazine devoted
entirely to royalty. "When you become the monarch, you're not touched by
scandal. It doesn't matter if you go to the right restaurants. You're above it
all."
Clearly, the queen's reign will never be called a cult of personality -
Elizabeth-as-Victoria would be as unimaginable as Elizabeth-as-Warhol-poster.
But, by most accounts, it is the queen, and the force of her personality, who
has held together the Commonwealth from the beginning. Among supporters, at
least, it is nothing short of a political miracle.
"It's had its problems, but it's an amazing feat," said Higham, "and it's
held together only by the symbolic presence of the queen - not by Zimbabwe's
having a warm relationship with Australia or someone else having a relationship
with Canada."
Even more important, being head of the Commonwealth has permitted Elizabeth
to be a player on the world stage. "It's fair to say that, if not for the
Commonwealth, she would have been queen of Ruritania-on-the-Thames,' Cannadine
said.
Among pop-culturists, however, Elizabeth is more likely to be regarded as the
queen who brought the monarchy into the 20th Century, the woman who,
intentionally or not, defied historian Walter Bagehot's legendary admonition not
to let "daylight in upon the magic."
The transformation started in 1969, when the Royal Family agreed to make "The
Royal Family," a BBC documentary that tried to show the Windsors with their hair
down - Prince Philip flipping burgers on the Balmoral barbie, the queen tossing
together a salad. OK, so the celluloid royals were about as real as those in
Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum. Nonetheless, they offered the first "inside" look
at the royal family and marked the first attempt to present Elizabeth & Co. as
just another super-middle-class family with super-middle-class values.
Even more pivotal than the film, though, was Elizabeth herself, who has been
the transitional figure between the royal old school (in which Queen Victoria
was able to disappear from public view for 15 years after her husband's death
without anyone's questioning it) and the new school (in which her
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(c) 1991 Newsday, April 23, 1991
daughters-in-law are fodder for every supermarket tabloid on the planet).
What happened between the monarchy and the media? Historian Quince Adams
argues that it's simply another manifestation of the changes that have rocked
every institution in the last quarter-century. "When Eisenhower was president,
what was fair game in dealing with the president was different from what it is
with Reagan or Bush," he said. "It's not that there weren't people in 1958 who
didn't want to ask difficult questions, but the way was more decorous."
But the relationship, once obeisant, inevitably became a double-edged sword:
The royals began using the media to project whatever image they wanted, and, in
turn, the media began saying whatever they wanted about the royals, even if the
monarchs didn't much like it. Now, said Brooks-Baker of "Burke's Peerage,"
things have degenerated to the point that "what Mr. and Mrs. Reagan are going
through with Kitty Kelley's book this week is not very different from what many
members of the royal family go through every day of their lives."
Indeed, no royal stone is ever left unturned: Nowadays, one tabloid invites
readers to guess the dimensions of Fergie's bottom, another ponders in print
whether Di is again pregnant, and all of them chronicle the ups and downs of
every royal marriage - and every pre-, post- or extra-marital dalliance. The
tabs are even more relentless in ferreting out royals in the most un-regal
poses: Prince William relieving himself in a forest; Diana, five months
pregnant, wearing a bikini; Charles recuperating from a severely broken arm,
with his face unshaven and forlorn.
It's the sort of thing that drives the queen crazy. "She has fits of rage;
she can't deal with the fact that today the public requires to know every single
detail of the lives of the prominent," Higham said. "She's sufficiently
Victorian to be offended by it."
As for the public, Cannadine says, "the monarchy has become an addiction for
the British, and it suffers all the problems that come with it. A country which
is so publicly obsessed with the life and doings of the royals is a country that
doesn't have its priorities right. There are more important things to worry
about than the dimensions of Fergie's bottom. It's terrific fun, that's clear,
but it's fun we could do without."
Perhaps soon enough we will. Brooks-Baker predicts that, within the next
three or four years, the badly battered monarchs will hire a real public
relations firm to supersede the mom-and-pop palace press office and help guide
the royal image into the 21st Century. The first candidate for reformation could
be the future king himself, who, in the last few years, has been viewed as
something between a wimp and a loon.
As the press portrays him, Charles spends his days communing with plants,
consulting ouija boards and consorting with organic gardeners - a lost soul in
the Windsor wilderness. The real problem, though, may be that he is a victim of
his family's "experiment" in royal education - a rigorous regime that is certain
to make Charles the best-schooled monarch ever to sit on the throne, but which,
in the meantime, has made him the least equipped to sit around waiting.
How could it not be frustrating to be educated for a life of activism and
relegated to a life prescribed by everyone else? Says Adams: "He's his mother's
eldest son, so he's waiting on line. He's his glamorous wife's consort, so he
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has to have a social role. He's a man of great import, but he has no power. He's
a man of considerable education and some brilliance, but he can't go too far in
expressing opinions. And he's going to be king, but the poor bastard can't even
vote, 50 he's disenfranchised."
Clearly, the prince himself is not unaware of the ironies or the dilemma, and
a few years back he lashed out at those who would limit him to the silly and the
superficial. "I've had to fight every inch of my life to escape royal protocol,"
he reportedly told British journalists. "I've had to fight to go to university.
I've had to fight to have any sort of role as Prince of Wales. You're suggesting
that I go back and play polo. I wasn't trained to do that. I have been brought
up to have an active role. I am determined not to be confined to cutting
ribbons."
To be sure, Charles does his share of ribbon-cutting - according to Evans,
the prince singlehandedly has raised more than [POUND ST]100 million for
charities - but it is intellectual sparring that seems most to satisfy him. He
has become involved in the problems of inner-city youth, unemployment and the
elderly. But perhaps the most famous and long-running of his battles is the one
he launched several years ago against the new wave of British architecture,
which Charles regards as among the ugliest modern work in the world.
If it's not exactly typical prince fare, neither is Charles a typical prince.
"In the past, a Prince of Wales spent most of his time at parties, at balls,
having a good time and going to the beach in the south of France," Brooks-Baker
said in an interview from London. "Not Charles. His life is devoted to work and
helping the world become a better place. He may be right or wrong, but it's what
he's trying for."
And, 50 far at least, he hasn't seemed to care whose toes he steps on. At the
150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1984, Charles
blasted his hosts for ignoring the needs of "ordinary" folk. A planned modern
addition to the National Gallery, the prince said, was a "monstrous carbuncle."
Not many expect him to shut up any time soon. "He's having more fun as Prince
of Wales than he ever will as King," said Philip Ziegler, the biographer of
Edward VIII. "As Prince, he can adopt causes in which he's interested, pursue
them, say indiscreet things, stir things up and have a good time. When you're
king, you have to be careful not to have strong points of view."
Whether any of this will be enough to sustain Charles for perhaps decades
remains anyone's guess. At worst, he'll have to content himself with overseeing
his own heirs' education. But if his mother won't move aside, some say, maybe
she'll at least move over. Predicts biographer Higham: "Elizabeth will
eventually become Queen Regent, a special position where she acts as adviser to
her son, taking and giving all kinds of advice on imperial policy. He'll be on
the throne, and she'll sit behind the throne as eminence gris."
The First Lady of Wealth: How It All Adds Up
If Queen Elizabeth II ever retires, she won't have any pension woes. She's
already the richest woman in the world - richer, too, than all but a handful of
men. No matter that much of her wealth is actually owned by the throne. No
matter that little of it is liquid. It's not likely anyone would have to hold a
benefit for her.
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How rich is rich? In a survey of the world's richest women last month by the
British magazine Harpers & Queen, Elizabeth topped the list, with a personal
fortune of [POUND ST16.6 billion - at current exchange rates, that's $ 11.5
billion.
Where does it all comes from? Harpers & Queen estimated her stock portfolio
at $ 5.2 billion undoubtedly, all blue chip. Add to that another $ 4.1 billion
in art, including 900 Leonardos and 26 Van Dycks; pedigree horses in England and
in the United States; property around the world, including Sandringham House and
Balmoral Castle, both of which she owns outright, and lots of jewels, including
14 crowns and 11 tiaras, with such names as the "Queen Mary Girls of Britain and
Ireland Tiara."
Elizabeth is also conservator of the incalculable riches that come along with
being queen: The Crown Regalia - the crowns, sceptres, orbs and other jewels
that are the symbols of her royalty; the state houses, Buckingham and Windsor
Palaces and Holyrood House in Edinburgh; the 5,769-ton yacht Britannia; the
Royal Train, and the Queen's Flight, her airplane squadron.
Then there's the Civil List, the controversial payment of public funds
approved by Parliament that cover the annual cost of running the royal
household. In a pact signed last year, the queen will receive [POUND ST17.9
million a year - $ 13.8 million - for 10 years. And that phenomenal sum has to
cover a lot of ground: Last year, according to one published report, the queen,
who's known to be tight with a royal buck, spent $ 111,475 on laundry, $ 66,412
on flowers, $ 243,075 on stationery and supplies and $ 23,681 on newspapers.
Oh, and there is one other perk: Elizabeth doesn't pay a cent in taxes. And
you thought you wanted your kids to grow up to be president. - Michelle
Ingrassia
GRAPHIC: 1) Photo by Cecil Beaton- Queen Elizabeth II, with her royal regalia,
in the throne room of Buckingham Palace June 2, 1953, the day of her coronation.
2) AP Photo-Inset: She delivers her speech opening a new session of Parliament
from the throne in the House of Lords in 1990. 3) UPI Photo-( Queen) Elizabeth
accepting a flower from a child at a Dhaka, Bangladesh, nutrition center in
1983. 4) Photo-( Queen Elizabeth II). 4) Reuter Photo-Leaving London for
Sandringham House, one of the royal residences, on Sunday, her 65th birthday. 5)
UPC Photo-Visiting a Mohawk site in Brantford, Ontario, 1984. 6) AP Photo-Prince
Charles, heir to the throne, and Princess Diana meet the locals on a London
outing in 1987. 7) Chancella/Alpa/Globe Cover Photo-( Queen Elizabeth II)
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United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
FAX SHEET
TEL: (202) 647-8027
FAX: (202) 647-3463
DATE: May 2, 1991
TO:
Fred Sainz
White House
FAX: 456-6218
TELEPHONE: 456-7750
FROM:
Eileen A. Malloy, Officer In Charge
United Kingdom/Bermuda Desk
Office of Northern European Affairs (EUR/NE)
Department of State
Washington, D.C.
NUMBER OF PAGES TO FOLLOW: 14
SUBJECT: Queen Elizabeth II Visit
COMMENT:
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United States Department of State
Eun
9107613
Washington, D.C. 20520
IST:
"91 MAY -1 M1:03
May 1, 1991
EM
/P
UNCLASSIFIED
A
/S
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
/S-S
THE WHITE HOUSE
MA
MB
UR
Subject: State Visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and
F:rw
Northern Ireland - Draft Remarks
The Department transmits for your consideration draft
remarks for the President's use during the State Visit of Queen
Elizabeth II of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Remarks
have been provided for the White House Arrival Ceremony and the
White House Dinner on May 14 as well as possible appearances by
the President at the luncheon on Capital Hill and the Return
Dinner at the British Residence on May 16.
&
J. Stapleton Roy
Executive Secretary
Attachment:
Four sets of Draft Remarks
UNCLASSIFIED
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DAM
Drafted by: LONDON:MScully/EUR/NE:EAMalloy 647-8027
SENEUK 649 4/25/91
Cleared: EUR:RJohnson
EUR/NE:EMHeaphy
P:AWOLFF
C:MFOULON
PA:RBOUCHER
S/P:DWAGNER
S/S:
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Statement of the President
At Arrival Ceremonies IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, it is an honor
and a delight to welcome you and Prince Philip to the United
States and to the White House.
On the occasion of your first state visit to the United States,
President Eisenhower spoke of the bonds of friendship between
our nations. He said, "Those ties have been tested in the
crucible of war when we have fought side by side to defend the
values we hold dear." That was true in 1957, and it is just as
true today.
Your Majesty, for nearly 400 years, the histories of Britain
and America have been inseparably connected. The first
permanent English settlement in America was established at
Jamestown, Virginia, 384 years ago this week. Thirteen years,
later, in 1620, the Pilgrims landed far to the north, at a
place they called Plymouth Rock. They named it after your
great naval port, from which they had sailed many weeks
before. The American nation sprang from those two ventures.
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We Americans cherish our relationship with Britain. As close
as our relations have been over the years, I believe they have
never been closer than they are today. Few alliances in
history approach the friendship of Britain and America in terms
of duration, mutual respect, and deep sentiment.
Our ties include military and intelligence cooperation. They
encompass thousands of commercial ventures from technology to
television to tourism. They span the range of art, language,
and culture. And perhaps most telling of all, our citizens
have created family ties which bind our two nations together in
a special way.
Yet ours is above all an alliance of shared principles -- of a
commonality of beliefs about the value of the individual life,
and about freedom, justice, and the rule of law. In this, too,
our greatness and our longings are intertwined.
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, and with the
greatest pleasure, I welcome you and Prince Philip to the
United States, for what I trust will be a stimulating and
thoroughly enjoyable visit.
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Draft of Toast by the President
At the State Dinner IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, the English settlement at Jamestown was founded
three hundred and eighty-four years ago this week. There for
the first time the histories of Britain and America became
entwined. It was the first of many such memorable moments.
Recently, there was another memorable moment, when our two
nations together cooperated so magnificiently to liberate
Kuwait. All Americans involved in any way in the crisis will
remember as long as they live the resolve of Margaret Thatcher
and John Major, the stalwartness of Your Majesty's services,
and the unflinching support of the British people.
Yet our military cooperation is just one facet of our
remarkable British-American relationship.
Our commercial ties are legion. Britain and the U.S. are the
largest single investors in each other's economies. The UK is
America's largest export market in Europe. Similarly, the UK
exports more to America than to any other single trading
partner
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In overseas investment, the figures are equally striking. For
example, of all European overseas investment in the United
States about half comes from Britain. Of all American
investment in the twelve EC countries almost forty percent goes
to Britain. As for total investment, British investment in the
U.S. is almost twice that of the second-largest investor
nation, Japan.
Our cultural ties, of every kind and for every level of taste,
are myriad. We share a common language, a common ethical
heritage, and similar legal and political traditions.
Americans read more British authors, watch more British movies
and television programs, and listen to more British music than
to the cultural products of any other nation. The same is true
in reverse.
All in all, we must like each other, because Americans and
Britons exchange roughly 150 million pieces of mail each year.
We also place transatlantic telephone calls to one another with
great frequency -- approximately 185 million each year.
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Your Majesty, fifteen years ago, you visited our country during
the most important week of America's bicentennial year. It was
& week of celebration and rejuvenation throughout our land.
How proud we were to have you here to share it with us.
When you were in Philadelphia during that visit, you
inaugurated a new Bicentennial bell. Like the Centennial bell,
it was a gift from the people of Britain to the people of the
United States.
As you remember, Your Majesty, on the Bicentennial Bell are
inscribed the words, "Let Freedom Ring." Freedom has been
ringing far and wide in recent years. In some places with
stunning swiftness, in others in slow irregular steps, progress
is being made toward constitutional government and freedom
under law.
What that movement owes to the example of Britain and America
can hardly be overstated. Nor can the importance of writers
and thinkers inspired to greatness by their devotion to
liberty: John Locke, Edmund Burke, Thomas Jefferson, George
Mason, and James Madison.
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Indeed, how similar are our current goals to those crafted
fifty years ago in the Atlantic Charter, when our nations
expressed the hope that we might "see established a peace which
will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety
within their own boundaries and which will afford assurance
that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in
freedom from fear and want."
Ladies and gentlemen, with great pleasure, and conscious of the
honor that is ours tonight, I ask you to join me in a toast to
Her Majesty the Queen.
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Remarks at Congressional Luncheon IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness Prince Philip
The Capitol
Thursday, May 16, 1991
Your Majesty, Prince Philip, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, it is a unique privilege to welcome you, on
behalf of the people of the United States, to our beloved
Capitol building.
The cornerstone of the Capitol was laid in 1793. This location
was a hill, called Jenkins' Heights, on which there were a few
farms. Between here and the site of the White House, there was
nothing but swampland. Whether this was a matter of prescience
or coincidence, I cannot say. But there have been times when
it gave new meaning to the phrase "things are getting bogged
down."
Of course, there is nothing particularly American in that.
After all, in 1581, Your Majesty's ancestor Elizabeth asked the
Speaker after a long period of inactivity in Parliament, "Now,
Mr. Speaker, what hath passed in the Lower House?" To which
the Speaker replied: "If it please Your Majesty, seven weeks."
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For a couple of decades after the government moved here from
Philadelphia, travel was so difficult that the quickest way
from the White House to the Capitol was by carriage to
Georgetown, then by boat from Georgetown to a landing on the
Anacostia River, about a mile from here. Then, once again, the
traveler would take a carriage overland to the Capitol. In
1814, Your Majesty's troops demonstrated that the last portion
of the journey could be made on foot, with no loss of
efficiency.
In the depths of the Civil War, President Lincoln was
criticized for continuing the reconstruction of the Capitol.
Yet he wisely responded, "If the people see the Capitol going
on, it is a sign we intend the Union shall go on."
In every outward aspect, President Lincoln was the commonest of
men. Many would call him the most American of presidents. A
child of the frontier, his education consisted principally of
two books: the King James Bible and the Works of Shakespeare.
He grew to manhood and raised his family in the then-new state
of Illinois. His only experience of the federal government
before becoming president, was a term in the House of
Representatives, which he cherished.
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I mention President Lincoln, because he is an example of the
extraordinary ties of sympathy and fellow feeling between the
people of the United States and the people of Britain. Perhaps
the most perceptive biography of Lincoln ever published was
written early in this century by an Englishman, Lord
Charnwood. Disraeli said of Lincoln's death that "it touches
the heart of nations and appeals to the domestic sentiment of
mankind." Yet of all the messages on that sad occasion, none
more moved the American people than the letter your great-great
grandmother, Queen Victoria, wrote to Mrs. Lincoln. For Queen
Victoria wrote, she said, "as a widow to a widow.'
Your Majesty, you have touched the heart of this nation many
times. You shared with us our bicentennial week in 1976. You
visited our shores again in 1983, the two hundredth anniversary
of the Treaty of Paris. I know I speak for the people of the
United States when I express the hope that the bonds which
connect our nation and yours -- bonds of history, principle,
interest, and affection -- will endure as long as this building
stands and beyond. Your Majesty, we are pleased more than
words can say by your presence in the Capitol of the United
States.
Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen -- the Queen.
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Response to Her Majesty's Dinner Toast
The British Embassy
Thursday, May 16, 1991
Your Majesty, it has been well and truly said that the great
respect Americans have for Britain is epitomized by the
affection we feel for the royal family. That affection is
sincerely felt. It is also fervently felt. I am sure you know
that. After all, your relations with Congress are better than
those of any president since Washington. And as for your
reception at the ballpark in Baltimore, I believe you are
leading the American League in home runs.
Your Majesty, the affection of our people is well-founded. For
more than a hundred years the American colonies grew under
British protection. Within a few years of American
Independence, your ancestor King George III magnanimously told
John Adams, our first envoy to the Court of St. James's, "I was
the last man in the Kingdom to consent to the separation, but
the separation having been made, I have always said, as I say
now, that I would be the first to meet the friendship of the
United States as an independent power."
In the next century, immigrants to America from England,
Scotland, Wales, and Ulster worked wonders of invention. Their
industry, energy, and thrift helped to settle the West and
bring the industrial revolution to our shores. In the 1870's
and 80's, investment from London and Edinburgh financed
America's vital continent-wide railroad system.
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In this century, our troops fought side-by-side in two great
wars. Then a statesman whose words had often inspired our
citizens as well as yours, forged an apt description for a new
world calamity. He called it an "iron curtain." Again, we did
not give up or give in.
Following our joint Berlin airlift, Britain and the United
States led the way toward establishment of a new Atlantic
Treaty.
NATO kept the peace for forty years. It bought the world
time. Eventually, the horizon brightened. When it did, it was
to the ideals of America and Britain that the people of Eastern
Europe looked for guidance and inspiration.
Your Majesty, last August 2 a happy coincidence put the
President and your First Minister together on a fateful
morning. Yet their unity, their shared reaction, their
instinctive revulsion to aggression and treachery -- they were
not coincidences at all.
They were fruits of a common heritage. They were products of
the generations we have spent working together to make the
world a more decent place, according to our common principles.
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As you know, Your Majesty, there is no more welcome sight in a
dangerous sea than a strong beacon. In an uncertain world, the
constancy and strength of Anglo-American friendship has been
such a beacon to the people of the United States. No wonder
that to see the embodiment of that nation causes smiles on our
faces, applause in our Congress, and cheers in our stadiums.
May the friendship of our nations long endure -- for our good
and for the good of humanity.
Your Majesty, I raise my glass to you, to His Royal Highness,
and to the people of the United Kingdom.
FOREIGN DIUNITARIES WHO HAVE ADDRESSED JOINT SESSIONS, JOINT MEETINGS OF CONGRESS OR A SEPARATE RECEPTION BY ONE HOUSE, 1789-1986
Date
Cong./Seas.
Event
a
Name and position
Country
Documentation
12/10/1824
18th/2nd
J. Meeting
Marquis de Lafayette
France
Register, V. 1, P. 4-5
01/05/1852
32nd/2nd
B. Reception
Louis Kossuth, Governor
Hungary
Globe, V. 24, pt. 1, p. 199
01/10/1852
12nd/2nd
H. Reception
Louis Kossuth, Governor
Hungary
Globe, V. 24, pt. 1, p. 225
06/09/1868
40th/2nd
11. Reception
Anson Burlingame, Ambassador B
China
Globe, P. 2970-71
01/06/1872
42nd/2nd
H. Reception
Tomomi Iwakura, Ambassador
Japan
Globe, pt. 2, p. 1445-46
12/18/1874
43rd/2nd
J. Session
King David Kalakaua
Hawaiian Is.
Record, V. 3, pt. 1, p. 144
02/02/1880
46th/2nd
H. Reception
Charles Stewart Parnell, M.P. of Gr. Brit. & Ireland
Ireland
Record, V. 10, pt. 1, P. 664-65
02/09/1911
6lst/3rd
H. Reception
Count Albert Apponyi, Minister of Education
Hungary
Record, V. 46, pt. 3, p. 2222
05/01/1917
65th/lat
S. Reception
Rene Viviani, Minister of Justice
France
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, P. 1618-19
05/01/1917
65th/lst
B. Reception
General Joseph Joffre, Marshal
France
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, p. 1618-19
05/03/1917
65th/lst
H. Reception
Rene Viviani, Minister of Justice
France
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, p. 1754-55
05/03/1917
65th/lst
H. Reception
Jules J. Jusserand, Ambassador
France
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, P. 1754-55
05/03/1917
65th/lst
H. Reception
General Joseph Joffre, Marshal
France
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, p. 1754-55
05/05/1917
65th/lst
H. Reception
Arthur James Balfour, Secretary of State
Great Britain
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, p. 1879-80
05/08/1917
65th/lst
S. Reception
Arthur James Balfour, Secretary of State
Great Britain
Record, V. 55, pt. 2, p. 1943-44
05/31/1917
65th/lst
S. Reception
Ferdinando 'Savola, Prince of Udine
Italy
Record, V. 55, pt. 3, p. 3096-98
06/02/1917
65th/1st
H. Reception
Ferdinando di Savola. Prince of Udine
Italy
Record, V. 55, pt. 3, P. 3244-45
06/02/1917
65th/1st
H. Reception
Guglielmo Marconi Marchese, Inventor, wireless telegraphy
Italy
Record, V. 55, pt. 3, P. 3244-45
CRS-7
06/22/1917
65th/1st
S. Reception
Baron Moncheur, Foreign Office at Harre
Belgium
Record, V. 55, pt. 4, P. 4058-59
06/23/1917
65th/lst
H. Reception
Boris A. Bakhmetieff, Ambassador
Russia
Record, V. 55, pt. 4, p. 4136-37
06/26/1917
65th/1st
S. Reception
Boris A. Bakhmetieff, Ambassador
Russia
Record, V. 55, pt. 4, p. 4264-65
06/27/1917
65th/1st
H. Reception
Baron Moncheur, Foreign Office at Harre
Belgium
Record, V. 55, pt. 5, P. 4362
08/30/1917
65th/lst
S. Reception
Viscount Ishii, Japanese War Mission
Japan
Record, v. 55, pt. 7, p. 6439
09/05/1917
65th/1st
H. Reception
Viscount Ishii, Japanese War Mission
Japan
Record, V. 55, pt. 7, p. 6627-28
01/05/1918
65th/2nd
S. Reception
Dr. Milenko R. Vesnitch, Head, Serbian War Mission
Serbia
Record, V. 56, pt. 1, P. 622-23
01/08/1918
65th/2nd
H. Reception
Dr. Milenko R. Vesnitch, Head, Serbian War Mission
Serbia
Record, V. 56, pt. 1, p. 692-93
09/24/1918
65th/2nd
S. Reception
Jules J. Jusserand, Ambassador
France
Record, V. 56, pt. 11, P. 10701-02
06/23/1919
66th/lst
S. Reception
Dr. Epalicio Pessoa, President-Elect
Brazil
Record, V. 58, pt. 2, p. 58687
10/28/1919
66th/lst
S. Reception
King Albert
Belgium
Record, V. 58, pt. 8, P. 7625-26
10/28/1919
66th/lst
H. Reception
King Albert
Belgium
Record, V. 58, pt. 8, P. 7642
01/25/1928
70th/ist
H. Reception
William T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council
Ireland
Record, V. 69, pt. 2, p. 2042
10/07/1929
71st/lst
S. Reception
J. Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 71, pt. 4, p. 4285-86
01/13/1930
71st/2nd
S. Reception
Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts, Former Premier
South Africa
Record, V. 72, pt. 2, p. 1511
05/20/1934
73rd/2nd
J. Meeting
Andre de Laboulaye, Ambassador
France
Record, V. 78, pt. 18, p. 9116
04/01/1937
75th/lst
S. Reception
Lord Tweedsmuir (John Buchan), Governor General
Canada
Record, V. 81, pt. 3, p. 3015-16
04/01/1937
75th/lst
H. Reception
Lord Tweedsmuir (John Buchan), Governor General
Canada
Record, V. 81, pt. 3, P. 3048
05/08/1939
76th/lst
S. Reception
Gen. Anastasio Somoza, President
Nicaragua
Record, V. 84, pt. 5, p. 5206-07
05/08/1939
76th/lst
H. Reception
Gen. Anastasio Somoza, President
Nicaragua
Record, V. 84, pt. 5, p. 5254-55
06/09/1939
76th/lst
H. Reception
Majesties King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Great Britain
Record, V. 84, pt. 5, p. 6888
Hwn nutes at - - - 11 table.
FOREIGN DIGNITARIES WHO HAVE ADDRESSED JOINT SESSIONS, JOINT MEETINGS OF CONGRESS OR A SEPARATE RECEPTION BY ONE HOUSE, 1789-1986 Continued
Date
Cong./Sess. Event
Name and position
Country
Documentation
12/26/1941
77th/lst
J. Meeting
Winston S. Churchill, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 87, pt. 9, p. 10117-19
05/11/1942
77th/2nd
S. Reception
Manuel Prado, President
Peru
Record, V. 88, pt. 3, p. 4034-35
05/11/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
Manuel Prado, President
Peru
Record, V. 88, pt. 3, p. 4073-75
06/02/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
Manuel L. Quezon, President
Philippines
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, p. 4789-91
06/04/1942
77th/2nd
S. Reception
Manuel L. Quezon, President
Philippines
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, p. 4856
06/15/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
King George II
Greece
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, p. 5521-22
06/15/1942
77th/2nd
S. Reception
King George II
Greece
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, P. 5191-92
06/25/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
King Peter II
Yugoslavia
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, p. 5572-73
06/25/1942
77th/2nd
S. Reception
King Peter II
Yugoslavia
Record, V. 88, pt. 4, p. 5534
08/06/1942
77th/2nd
J. Meeting .
Queen Wilhelmina
Netherlands
Record, V. 88, pt. 5, P. 6750-51
11/24/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
Alberto Arroyo del Rio, President
Ecuador
Record, V. 88, pt. 7, P. 9098
11/25/1942
77th/2nd
S. Reception
Alberto Arroyo del Rio, President
Ecuador
Record, V. 88, pt. 7, p. 9130-31
12/10/1942
77th/2nd
H. Reception
Fulgencio Batista, President
Cuba
Record, V. 88, , pt. 7, p. 9429
02/18/1943
78th/1st
S. Reception
Madame Chiang Kai-Shek
China
Record, V. 89, pt. 1, P. 1080-81
02/18/1943
78th/ist
H. Reception
Madame Chiang Kai-Shek
China
Record, V. 89, pt. 1, p. 1108-09
03/23/1943
78th/1st
S. Reception
Col. Arthur Evans, Member of House of Commons 10
Great Britain
Record, V. 89, pt. 2, p. 2326-27
05/06/1943
78th/1st
8. Reception
Gen. Enrique Penaranda, President
Bolivia
Record, V. 89, pt. 3, P. 4023-25
05/06/1943
/8th/ist
H. Reception
Gen. Enrique Penaranda, President
Bolivia
Record, V. 89, pt. 3, p. 4075-76
05/13/1941
78th/1st
B. Reception
Edvard Benes, President
Czechoslovakia
Record, V. 89, pt. 3, p. 4326-27
05/13/1943
/8th/lst
11. Reception
Edvard Benes, President
Czechoslovakia
Record, V. 89, pt. 3, P. 4358-59
05/19/1943
78th/lyt
J. Meeting
Winston S. Churchill, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 89, pt. 4, p. 4619-22
05/27/1943
78th/1st
S. Reception
Edwin Barclay, President
Liberia
Record, V. 89, pt. 4, p. 4922-23
05/27/1943
78th/lst
H. Reception
Edwin Barclay, President
Liberia
Record, V. 89, pt. 4, p. 4983
06/10/1943
78th/1st
S. Reception
Gen. Higinio Morinigo M., President
Paraguay
Record, V. 89, pt. 4, P. 5598-5600
06/10/1943
78th/1st
H. Reception
Gen. Higinio Morinigo M., President
Paraguay
Record, V. 89, pt. 4, P. 5653-54
10/15/1943
7816/181
B. Reception
Elie Lescot
Haiti
Record, V. 89, pt. 6, p. 8374-75
01/20/1944
B. Reception
Gen. Isaias Medina Angarita, President
Venezuela
Record, V. 90, pt. 1, p. 439-41
01/20/1944
78th/2nd
11. Reception
Gen. Isaias Medina Angarita, President
Venezuela
Record, V. 90, pt. 1, , p. 465
11/13/1945
J. Meeting
Clement Richard Attlee, Prime Ministeer
Great Britain
Record, V. 91, pt. 8. P. 10621-23
0570171947
Hoth/Ini
J. Meeting
Miguel Aleman, President
Mexico
Record, V. 93, pt. B, P. 4378-79
04/19/1940
80th/2nd
J. Meeting
Guillermo Belt. Ambassador
Cuba
Record, V. 94, pt. 4, p. 4568-70
05/19/1949
Bist/ist
J. Meeting
Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President
Brazil
Record, V. 95, pt. 5, P. 6471-73
08/09/1949
Dist/ist
8. Reception
Elpidio Quirino, President
Philippines
Record, V. 95, pt. 8, p. 11031-32
08/09/1949
81st/ist
H. Reception
Elpidio Quirino, President
Philippines
Record, V. 95, pt. 8, P. 11105
10/13/1949
Bist/ist
S. Reception
Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister
India
Record, V. 95, pt. 11, p. 14392-94
10/13/1949
Bist/ist
H. Reception
Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister
India
Record, V. 95, pt. 11, P. 14430-31
04/13/1950
81st/2nd
S. Reception
Gabriel Gonzalez-Videla, President
Chile
Record, V. 96, pt. 4, P. 5097-99
05/04/1950
81st/2nd
S. Reception
Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister
Pakistan
Record, V. 96, pt. 5, p. 6323-24
05/04/1950
81st/2nd
H. Reception
Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister
Pakistan
Record, V. 96, pt. 5, p. 6381
06/28/1950
81st/2nd
S. Reception
Chojiro Kuriyama, Member of Japanese Diet
Japan
Record, V. 96, pt. 8, P. 11298-300
06/31/1950
81st/2nd
H. Reception
Tokutaro Kitamura, Member of Japanese Diett
Japan
Record, V. 96, pt. 8, p. 11382-83
08/01/1950
Blst/2nd
H. Reception
Robert Gordon Menzies, Prime Minister
Australia
Record, V. 96, pt. 9, P. 11455-57
08/01/1950
81st/2nd
S. Reception
Robert Gordon Menzies, Prime Minister
Australia
Record, V. 96, pt. . 9, P. 11495-96
See notes at end of table.
FOREIGN DIGNITARIES WHO HAVE ADDRESSED JOINT SESSIONS, JOINT MEETINGS OF CONGRESS OR A SEPARATE RECEPTION BY ONE HOUSE, Continued
Date
Cong./Sess.
Event
Name and position
Country
Documentation
04/02/1951
H2nd/Ist
J. Meeting
Vicent Auriol, President
France
Record, V. 97, pt. 3, p. 3118-20
06/21/1951
B2nd/lst
J. Meeting
Galo Plaza, President
Ecuador
Record, V. 97, pt. 5, p. 6898-6900
07/02/1951
82nd/lat
8. Reception
Tadao Kuraishi, Member of Japanese Diet
Japan
Record, V. 97, pt. 6, P. 7558
07/02/1951
82nd/lst
S. Reception
Aisuki Okamoto, Member of Japanese Diet
Japan
Record, V. 97, pt. 6, p. 7558-59
08/23/1951
82nd/lst
S. Reception
Tentaro Kostaka, Member of Japanese Diet
Japan
Record, V. 97, pt. 8, p. 10530-31
09/24
1951
82nd/1st
J. Meeting
Alcide de Gasperi, Prime Minister
Italy
Record, V. 97, pt. 9, p. 11990-91
01/17/1952
82nd/2nd
J. Meeting
Winston S. Churchill, Prime Minister
Great Britain<
Record, V. 98, pt. 1, p. 276-79
04/03/1952
82nd/2nd
J. Meeting
Queen Juliana
Netherlands
Record, V. 98, pt. 3, P. 3452-53
01/29/1954
83rd/2nd
J. Meeting
Celal Bayar, President
Turkey
Record, V. 100, pt. 1, p. 1034-35
05/04/1954
83rd/2nd
J. Meeting
Vincent Massey, Governor General
Canada
Record, V. 100, pt. 5, P. 5958.60
05/28/1954
83rd/2nd
J. Meeting
Haile Selassie 1, Emperor
Ethiopia
Record, V. 100, pt. 6, p. 7356-58
07/28/1954
83rd/2nd
J. Meeting
Syngman Rhee, President
S. Korea
Record, V. 100, pt. 9, P. 12434-36
11/12/1954
83rd/2nd
5. Reception
Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister
Japan
Record, V. 100, pt. 3, p. 15990
11/17/1954
83rd/2nd
S. Reception
Sarvapelli Radhakrishnan, Vice President
India
Record, V. 100, pt. 3, p. 16088
11/18/1954
83rd/2nd
S. Reception
Pierre Mendes-France, Premier & Foreign Minister
France
Record, V. 100, pt. 12, p. 16144
01/27/1955
84th/ist
J. Meeting
Paul E. Magliore, President
Haiti
Record, V. 101, pt. 1, p. 852-54
03/16/1955
84th/1st
S. Reception
Robert Gordon Menzies, Prime Minister
Australia
Record, V. 101, pt. 3, p. 3020-21
03/16/1955
84th/lst
H. Reception
Robert Gordon Menzies, Prime Minister
Australia
Record, V. 101, pt. 3, p. 3069-70
03/30/1955
84th/1st
S. Reception
Mario Scelba, Prime Minister
Italy
Record, V. 101, pt. 3, p. 4013
03/30/1955
84th/ist
H. Reception
Mario Scelba, Prime Minister
Italy
Record, V. 101, pt. 3, P. 4071
05/04/1955
84th/ist
S. Reception
P. Pibulsonggram, Prime Minister
Thailand
Record, V. 101, pt. 4, p. 5577-78
CRS-9
05/04/1955
84th/1st
H. Reception
P. Pibulsonggram, Prime Minister
Thailand
Record, V. 101, pt. 4, p. 5689-90
06/30/1955
84th/lst
S. Reception
U Nu, Prime Minister
Burma
Record, v. 101, pt. 7, p. 9576-77
06/30/1955
84th/1st
H. Reception
U Nu, Prime Minister
Burma
Record, V. 101, pt. 7, P. 9630
01/05/1956
84th/2nd
S. Reception
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, President-elect
Brazil
Record, v. 102, pl. 1, p. 111-112
02/02/1956
84th/2nd
S. Reception
Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 102, pt. 2, P. 1892-93
02/02/1956
84th/2nd
H. Reception
Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 102, pt. 2, p. 1913-14
02/29/1956
84th/2nd
J. Meeting
Giovanni Gronchi, President
Italy
Record, V. 102, pt. 3, P. 3596-99
03/15/1956
84th/2nd
B. Reception
John Aloysius Costello, Prime Minister
!reland
Record, V. 102, pt. 4, P. 4783-85
03/15/1956
84th/2nd
H. Reception
John Aloysius Costello, Prime Minister
Ireland
Record, V. 102, pt. 4, p. 4871-72
04/30/1956
84th/2nd
S. Reception
João Goulart, Vice President
Brazil
Record, V. 102, pt. 6, P. 7280-83
05/17/1956
84th/2nd
J. Meeting
Dr. Sukarno, President
Indonesia
Record, V. 102, pt. 6, p. 8382-85
02/27/1967
85th/1st
H. Reception
Guy Mollet, Premier and Pres. of Council of Ministers
France
Record, V. 103, pt. 2, P. 2687
02/22/1957
05th/1st
11. Reception
Guy Mollet, Premier and Pres. of Council of Ministers
France
Record, V. 103, pt. 2, p. 2752
05/09/1987
05th/161
J. Meeting
Ngo Dinh Diem, President
Vietnam
Record, V. 103, pt. 5, p. 6699-700
09/20/1967
0516/161
H. Reception
Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor
W. Germany
Record, V. 103, pt. 6, p. 7835-38
05/20/1997
05/07/19
11. Reception
Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor
W. Germany
Record, V. 103., pt. 6, p. 7889-90
06/20/1957
H5th/1st
H. Reception
Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister
Japan
Record, V. 103, pt. 7, p. 9776-77
06/20/1957
0516/181
II. Reception
Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister
Japan
Record, V. 103, pt. 7, P. 9865
07/11/1997
05th/1st
H. Reception
Husseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime Minister
Pakistan
Record, V. 103, pt. 9, p. 1337-39
06/05/1958
85th/2nd
J. Meeting
Theodor Heuss, President
W. Germany
Record, V. 104, pt. 8, P. 10311-13
06/10/1950
85th/2nd
9. Reception
Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 104, pt. 8, P. 10654-5
06/18/1958
85th/2nd
J. Meeting
Carlos F. Garcia, President
Philippines
Record, V. . 104, pt. 9, P. 11606-08
See notes at end of table.
FOREIGN DIGNITARIES WHO HAVE ADDRESSED JOINT SESSIONS, JOINT MEETINGS OF CONGRESS OR A SEPARATE RECEPTION BY ONE HOUSE, 1789-1986--Continued
Date
Cong./Bess.
Event
Name and position
Country
Documentation
06/25/1958
85th/2nd
6. Reception
Sardar Mohammad Daud, Prime Minister
Afghanistan
Record, V. 104, pt. 9, P. 12179-80
06/25/1950
85th/2nd
H. Reception
Sardar Mohammad Daud, Prime Minister
Afghanistan
Record, V. 104, pt. 9, P. 12215-16
07/22/1958
85th/2nd
8. Reception
Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister
Ghana
Record, V. 104, pt. 11, P. 14562-64
07/26/1958
85th/2nd
H. Reception
Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister
Ghana
Record, V. 104, pt. 12, p. 15182-83
07/29/1988
05th/2nd
8. Reception
Amintore Fanfani, Premier and Foreign Minister
Italy
Record, V. 104, pt. 12, P. 15359-60
07/29/1958
05th/2nd
H. Reception
Amintore Fanfani, Premier and Foreign Minister
Italy
Record, V. 104, pt. 12, p. 15434-35
01/21/1989
06th/1st
J. Meeting
Arturo Frondizi, President
Argentina
Record, V. 105, pt. 1, P. 996-98
03/11/1989
06th/lat
J. Meeting
Jose Maria Lemus, President
El Salvador
Record, V. 105, pt. 3, P.- 3899-901
03/18/1959
86th/1st
J, Meeting
Sean T. O'Kelly, President
Ireland
Record, V. 105, pt. 4, P. 4485-87
08/12/1989
B6th/ 1nl
J. Meeting
King Baudouin
Belgium
Record, V. 105, pt.6, p. 8004-05
03/10/1960
06th/2nd
B. Reception
Harold Macmillian, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 106, pt. 6, P. 6943
04/06/1960
06147740
J. Meeting
Alberto Lleras-Camargo, President
Colombia
Record, V. 106, pt. 6, P. 7458-60
01/26/1980
J. Meeting
Charles de Gaulle, President
France
Record, V. 106, pt. 7, P. 8643-46
05228⑇1940
061h/20d
J. Meeting
King Mahendra Bir Dikram, Shah Deva
Nepal
Record, V. 106, pt. 7, P. 8906-07
04/29/1980
HATH/2011
il. Meeting
King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Thailand
Record, V. 106, pt. 11, p. 14964-66
04/11/1981
07167141
H. Reception
Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor
W. Germany
Record, V. 107, pt. 5, P. 5803
04/18/1961
07/16/18
H. Reception
Constantine Caramaulia, Prime Minister
Greece
Record, V. 107, pt. 5, P. 6156-57
06/04/1961
07/16/18
J. Meeting
Habib Bourguiba, President
Tunisia
Record, V. 107, pt. 6, P. 7369-71
06/22/1961
07th/191
11. Reception
Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister
Japan
Record, v. 107, pt. 8, P. 11065
06/22/1961
07th/161
11. Reception
Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister
Japan
Record, V. 107, pt. 8, P. 11103
07/12/1961
07th/191
J. Meeting
Mohammad Ayub Kahn, President
Pakistan
Record, V. 107, pt. 9, p. 12393-96
07/26/1961
8/th/1st
H. Reception
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister
Nigeria
Record, V. 107, pt. 10, P. 13475-77
09/21/1961
87th/lst
J. Meeting
Manuel Prado, President
Peru
Record, V. 107, pt. 15, P. 20532-33
04/04/1962
87th/2nd
J. Meeting
João Goulart, President
Brazil
Record, V. 108, pt. 5, P. 5918-19
04/12/1962
87th/2nd
J. Meeting
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shahanshah
Iran
Record, V. 108, pt. 5, P. 6434-37
10/02/1963
BBth/1st
S. Reception
Haile Selassie 1, Emperor
Ethiopia
Record, V. 109, pt. 14, p. 18534-35
01/15/1964
88th/2nd
J. Meeting
Antonio Segni, President
Italy
Record, V. 110, pt. 1, P. 438-43
05/28/1964
88th/2nd
J. Meeting
Eamon de Valera, President
Ireland
Record, V. 110, pt. 9, p. 12215-17
09/15/1966
89th/2nd
J. Meeting
Ferdinand E. Marcos, President
Philippines
Record, V. 112, pt. 17, p. 22740-46
08/16/1967
90th/ist
S. Reception
Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor
W. Germany
Record, V. 113, pt. 17, P. 22928-30
10/27/1967
90th/ist
J. Meeting
Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, President
Mexico
Record, V. 113, pt. 22, P. 30304-06
02/25/1970
91st/2nd
J. Meeting
Georges Pompidou, President
France
Record, V. 116, pt. 4, P. 4713-14
06/03/1970
91st/2nd
J. Meeting
Dr. Rafael Caldera, President
Venezuela
Record, V. 116, pt. 13, P. 18131-34
06/15/1972
92nd/2nd
J. Meeting
Luis Echeverria Alvarez
Mexico
Record, V. 118, pt. 16, P. 21092-94
06/17/1975
94th/lst
J. Meeting
Walter Scheel, President
W. Germany
Record, V. 121, pt. 15, P. 19149-51
11/05/1975
94th/1st
J. Meeting
Anwar El-Sadat, President
Egypt
Record, V. 121, pt. 27, P. 35013-15.
01/28/1976
94th/2nd
J. Meeting
Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister
Israel
Record, V. 122, pt. 2, p. 1347-49
03/17/1976
94th/2nd
J. Meeting
Liam Cosgrave, Prime Minister
Ireland
Record, V. 122, pt. 6, P. 6772-75
05/10/1976
94th/2nd
J. Meeting
Valery Giscard d'Estaing, President
France
Record, V. 122, pt. 12, P. 14288-69
06/02/19/6
741h/2nd
J. Meeting
King Juan Carlos I
Spain
Record, V. 122, pt. 13, P. 16195-97
07/21/1976
941h/7nd
J. Meeting
Dr. William R. Tolbert, Jr., President
Liberia
Record, V. 122, pt. 25, p. 32082-84
02/17/1977
95167161
J. Meeting
Jose Lopez Portilln, President
Mexico
Record, V. 123, pt. 4, P. 4577-79
02/22/1977
V5th/lat
J. Meeting
Pierre Elliot Trudeau, Prime Minister
Canada
Record, V. 123, pt. 4, p. 4903-05
HWH notes at HILL of table.
FOREIGN DIGNITARIES WHO HAVE ADDRESSED JOINT SESSIONS, JOINT MEETINGS OF CONGRESS OR A SEPARATE RECEPTION BY ONE HOUSE, 1789-1986--Continued
Date
Cong. /Sess. Event
Name and position
Country
Documentation
04/21/1982 97th/2nd J. Meeting
Queen Beatrix 11
Netherlands
Record, V. 128, n. 44, P. H1505-08
10/05/1983
98th/1st
J. Meeting
Karl Carstens, President
W. Germany
Record, V. 129, n. 132, P. H7975-77
03/15/1984
98th/2nd
J. Meeting
Dr. Garett FitzGerald, Prime Minister
Ireland
Record, V. 130, n. 31, p. H1623-26
03/22/1984
98th/2nd
J. Meeting
Francois Mitterrand, President
France
Record, V. 130, n. 35, p. H1925-27
05/16/1984
98th/2nd
J. Meeting
Miguel de la Madrid, President
Mexico
Record, V. 130, n. 64, p. H3965-67
02/20/1985
99th/1st
J. Meeting
Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister
Great Britain
Record, V. 131, n. 16, p. H483-86
03/06/1985
99th/lst
J. Meeting
Bettino Craxi, President of Council of Ministers
Italy
Record, V. 131, n. 26, p. H1050-52
03/20/1985
99th/1st
J. Meeting
Raul Alfonsin, President
Argentina
Record, V. 131, n. 32, P. H1282-85
06/13/1985
99th/1st
J. Meeting
Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister
India
Record, V. 131, n. 79, P. H4237-40
10/09/1985
99th/1st
J.
Meeting
Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister
Singapore
Record, V. 131, n. 133, P. H8511-14
1. Due to incomplete historical records and indexes, particularly during the 19th century, this compilation may not be a comprehensive listing of
every Foreign dignitary who has addressed the House, the Senate, or both. Moreover, it does not include the times when foreign dignitaries have been
schnowledged and received by one House, but have not made an address.
2. Abbreviations: J. = Joint; S. = Senate; H. = House.
3. Abbreviations: Register If Gale's and Seaton's Register of Debates in Congress: Globe = Congressional Globe: Record = Congressional Record.
References are to bound volumes of the Record, except after 1977, when references are to the daily edition.
4 IIn December ", 1824, Lafayette appeared before the Benate, but did not address it.
CRS-11
" IIII June 11, THAN, a Chinese delegation appeared before the Senate, but did not address it.
6. the December 111, 1868, King Kalakaua was received by Senators in the President's Room, but he did not address the Senate.
1. Cosgrave to address was read into the Record.
H. The King and Dueen were received in the Rotunda and gave an address.
9. Members of the House were informally invited to be guests of the Senate to listen to the address by Queen Wilhelmina. This 15 the only joint
meeting of a foreign dignitary in the Senate chamber.
10. Address read by Clerk Lord Chancellor.
11. Three generations of the same family spoke to joint meetings of the Congress: Queen Beatrix 1.0 1982, her mother Queen Juliana in 1952, and her
grandmother Queen Wilhelmina in 1942.
Sources: In addition to historical research by the author, this table 15 the result of combining unofficial lists from the following offices:
Congressional Research Service, House and Senate Parliamentarians, House and Senate Library, Secretary of Senate Historical Office. House Office for
the Bicentennial, House Doorkeeper, and the Architect of the Capitol. The author wishes to acknowledge and thank the above offices for their
assistance in this project. Mildred Boyle provided secretarial assistance.
JP/mb
'91-05-07 07:44 DOUG GAMBLE
P.1
DOUG GAMBLE
424-36th Place
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
May 7/91
(213) 546-6409
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN
QUEEN ELIZABETH TOAST (Curt Smith)
THE ROUGH AND TUMBLE OF HARD-HITTING COMPETITION IN EACH COUNTRY HAS ATTRACTED
MANY RABID FANS IN THE OTHER. BUT I'M NOT SURE THAT THE BRITISH SEE AS
MUCH FEROCITY WATCHING OUR AMERICAN FOOTBALL, AS WE DO WATCHING YOUR
QUESTION TIME" IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
NOT ONLY DO WE ENJOY BRITISH TELEVISION PROGRAMS, BUT YOU ENJOY SOME OF OURS.
IN FACT, so STRONG ARE OUR TIES AND so DEEP IS OUR FRIENDSHIP, NOT EVEN THE
CANCELLATION OF "DALLAS" CAN THREATEN BRITISH-AMERICAN ********** DIPLOMATIC
RELATIONS. BUT I'M NOT SURE THE SAME WOULD APPLY IF YOU PREVENTED US FROM
SEEING "MASTERPIECE THEATER."
(Curt: Read recently that "Dallas" was very popular in Britain, and was a favorite
of the Queen.)
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May 14, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
IN TREE PLANTING CEREMONY
The South Lawn
1:40 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Your Majesty and Your Royal Highness,
ladies and gentlemen, representatives of the American Association of
Nurserymen which donated this very special tree, welcome to the White
House and to an event which commemorates -- whether in America or
Great Britain -- how trees can preserve and protect our natural
resources.
Winston Churchill once said, "I am always ready to learn,
though I do not always enjoy being taught." What trees teach us is
how a precious inheritance can be passed from one generation to
another.
We see it in the forests of Nottingham -- and lush delta
of Mississippi. We marvel at the Kew Gardens -- and evergreens of
the Pacific Northwest. Trees form a great cathedral of the outdoors.
We friend. must nurture them, replenish them -- as a family would a best
Your Majesty, 54 years ago, President Roosevelt did
exactly that -- celebrating the British-American family by praising a
friend. In 1937, two Small-Leaf Linden trees were planted in honor
of your father, King George VI's, coronation. For decades they stood
erect and proud -- like the ties that bind our nations. And then
last September, a storm swept through Washington, destroying one of
the Lindens planted for your father. Each served to remind all of us
that trees are precious, but fragile, and they need our help, as we
need their beauty.
Teddy Roosevelt once called our lands and wildlife "the
property of unborn generations." And so I can think of no better way
to show our friendship, nor salute the children of both our countries
than to plant a new Linden tree. It is my honor now to dedicate this
tree to a truly great and good man, King George VI. (Applause.)
END
1:42 P.M. EDT
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United States Department of State Eun
9107613
Washington, D.C. 20520
,IST:
91 MM-1 M1:03
May 1, 1991
EM
UNCLASSIFIED
A
/S
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
/S-S
THE WHITE HOUSE
MA
MB
UR
Subject: State Visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and
F:rw
Northern Ireland - Draft Remarks
The Department transmits for your consideration draft
remarks for the President's use during the State Visit of Queen
Elizabeth II of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Remarks
have been provided for the White House Arrival Ceremony and the
White House Dinner on May 14 as well as possible appearances by
the President at the luncheon on Capital Hill and the Return
Dinner at the British Residence on May 16.
C
J. Stapleton Roy
Executive Secretary
Attachment:
Four sets of Draft Remarks
UNCLASSIFIED
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Drafted by: LONDON: MScully/EUR/NE: EAMalloy EAM 647-8027
SENEUK 649 4/25/91
Cleared: EUR: RJohnson
EUR/NE:EMHeaphy
P:AWOLFF
C:MFOULON
PA: RBOUCHER
S/P: DWAGNER
S/S:
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Statement of the President
At Arrival Ceremonies IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, it is an honor
and a delight to welcome you and Prince Philip to the United
States and to the White House.
On the occasion of your first state visit to the United States,
President Eisenhower spoke of the bonds of friendship between
our nations. He said, "Those ties have been tested in the
crucible of war when we have fought side by side to defend the
values we hold dear." That was true in 1957, and it is just as
true today.
Your Majesty, for nearly 400 years, the histories of Britain
and America have been inseparably connected. The first
permanent English settlement in America was established at
Jamestown, Virginia, 384 years ago this week. Thirteen years,
later, in 1620, the Pilgrims landed far to the north, at a
place they called Plymouth Rock. They named it after your
great naval port, from which they had sailed many weeks
before. The American nation sprang from those two ventures.
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We Americans cherish our relationship with Britain. As close
as our relations have been over the years, I believe they have
never been closer than they are today. Few alliances in
history approach the friendship of Britain and America in terms
of duration, mutual respect, and deep sentiment.
Our ties include military and intelligence cooperation. They
encompass thousands of commercial ventures from technology to
television to tourism. They span the range of art, language,
and culture. And perhaps most telling of all, our citizens
have created family ties which bind our two nations together in
a special way.
Yet ours is above all an alliance of shared principles -- of a
commonality of beliefs about the value of the individual life,
and about freedom, justice, and the rule of law. In this, too,
our greatness and our longings are intertwined.
Your Majesty, on behalf of the American people, and with the
greatest pleasure, I welcome you and Prince Philip to the
United States, for what I trust will be a stimulating and
thoroughly enjoyable visit.
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Draft of Toast by the President
At the State Dinner IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
The White House, Tuesday, May 14, 1991
Your Majesty, the English settlement at Jamestown was founded
three hundred and eighty-four years ago this week. There for
the first time the histories of Britain and America became
entwined. It was the first of many such memorable moments.
Recently, there was another memorable moment, when our two
nations together cooperated so magnificiently to liberate
Kuwait. All Americans involved in any way in the crisis will
remember as long as they live the resolve of Margaret Thatcher
and John Major, the stalwartness of Your Majesty's services,
and the unflinching support of the British people.
Yet our military cooperation is just one facet of our
remarkable British-American relationship.
Our commercial ties are legion. Britain and the U.S. are the
largest single investors in each other's economies. The UK is
America's largest export market in Europe. Similarly, the UK
exports more to America than to any other single trading
partner.
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In overseas investment, the figures are equally striking. For
example, of all European overseas investment in the United
States about half comes from Britain. Of all American
investment in the twelve EC countries almost forty percent goes
to Britain. As for total investment, British investment in the
U.S. is almost twice that of the second-largest investor
nation, Japan.
Our cultural ties, of every kind and for every level of taste,
are myriad. We share a common language, a common ethical
heritage, and similar legal and political traditions.
Americans read more British authors, watch more British movies
and television programs, and listen to more British music than
to the cultural products of any other nation. The same is true
in reverse.
All in all, we must like each other, because Americans and
Britons exchange roughly 150 million pieces of mail each year.
We also place transatlantic telephone calls to one another with
great frequency -- approximately 185 million each year.
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Your Majesty, fifteen years ago, you visited our country during
the most important week of America's bicentennial year. It was
a week of celebration and rejuvenation throughout our land.
How proud we were to have you here to share it with us.
When you were in Philadelphia during that visit, you
inaugurated a new Bicentennial bell. Like the Centennial bell,
it was a gift from the people of Britain to the people of the
United States.
As you remember, Your Majesty, on the Bicentennial Bell are
inscribed the words, "Let Freedom Ring." Freedom has been
ringing far and wide in recent years. In some places with
stunning swiftness, in others in slow irregular steps, progress
is being made toward constitutional government and freedom
under law.
What that movement owes to the example of Britain and America
can hardly be overstated. Nor can the importance of writers
and thinkers inspired to greatness by their devotion to
liberty: John Locke, Edmund Burke, Thomas Jefferson, George
Mason, and James Madison.
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Indeed, how similar are our current goals to those crafted
fifty years ago in the Atlantic Charter, when our nations
expressed the hope that we might "see established a peace which
will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety
within their own boundaries and which will afford assurance
that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in
freedom from fear and want." "
Ladies and gentlemen, with great pleasure, and conscious of the
honor that is ours tonight, I ask you to join me in a toast to
Her Majesty the Queen.
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Remarks at Congressional Luncheon IHO
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
and His Royal Highness Prince Philip
The Capitol
Thursday, May 16, 1991
Your Majesty, Prince Philip, ladies and gentlemen:
Your Majesty, it is a unique privilege to welcome you, on
behalf of the people of the United States, to our beloved
Capitol building.
The cornerstone of the Capitol was laid in 1793. This location
was a hill, called Jenkins' Heights, on which there were a few
farms. Between here and the site of the White House, there was
nothing but swampland. Whether this was a matter of prescience
or coincidence, I cannot say. But there have been times when
it gave new meaning to the phrase "things are getting bogged
down."
Of course, there is nothing particularly American in that.
After all, in 1581, Your Majesty's ancestor Elizabeth asked the
Speaker after a long period of inactivity in Perliament, "Now,
Mr. Speaker, what hath passed in the Lower House?" To which
the Speaker replied: "If it please Your Majesty, seven weeks."
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For a couple of decades after the government moved here from
Philadelphia, travel was so difficult that the quickest way
from the White House to the Capitol was by carriage to
Georgetown, then by boat from Georgetown to a landing on the
Anacostia River, about a mile from here. Then, once again, the
traveler would take a carriage overland to the Capitol. In
1814, Your Majesty's troops demonstrated that the last portion
of the journey could be made on foot, with no loss of
efficiency.
In the depths of the Civil War, President Lincoln was
criticized for continuing the reconstruction of the Capitol.
Yet he wisely responded, "If the people see the Capitol going
on, it is a sign we intend the Union shall go on."
In every outward aspect, President Lincoln was the commonest of
men. Many would call him the most American of presidents. A
child of the frontier, his education consisted principally of
two books: the King James Bible and the Works of Shakespeare.
He grew to manhood and raised his family in the then-new state
of Illinois. His only experience of the federal government
before becoming president, was a term in the House of
Representatives, which he cherished.
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I mention President Lincoln, because he is an example of the
extraordinary ties of sympathy and fellow feeling between the
people of the United States and the people of Britain. Perhaps
the most perceptive biography of Lincoln ever published was
written early in this century by an Englishman, Lord
Charnwood. Disraeli said of Lincoln's death that "it touches
the heart of nations and appeals to the domestic sentiment of
mankind." Yet of all the messages on that sad occasion, none
more moved the American people than the letter your great-great
grandmother, Queen Victoria, wrote to Mrs. Lincoln. For Queen
Victoria wrote, she said, "as a widow to a widow."
Your Majesty, you have touched the heart of this nation many
times. You shared with us our bicentennial week in 1976. You
visited our shores again in 1983, the two hundredth anniversary
of the Treaty of Paris. I know I speak for the people of the
United States when I express the hope that the bonds which
connect our nation and yours -- bonds of history, principle,
interest, and affection -- will endure as long as this building
stands and beyond. Your Majesty, we are pleased more than
words can say by your presence in the Capitol of the United
States.
Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen -- the Queen.
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Response to Her Majesty's Dinner Toast
The British Embassy
Thursday, May 16, 1991
I
Your Majesty, it has been well and truly said that the great
embodied
respect Americans have for Britain is epitemized by the
affection we feel for the royal family. That affection is
sincerely felt. It is also fervently felt. I am sure you know
that.
After all, your relations with Congress are better than
those of any president since Washington. /And as for your
reception at the ballpark in Baltimore, I believe you are
leading the American League in home runs.
L
Your Majesty, the affection of our people is well-founded. For
more than a hundred years the American colonies grew under
British protection. Within a few years of American
Independence, your ancestor King George III magnanimously told
John Adams, our first envoy to the Court of St. James's, "I was
the last man in the Kingdom to consent to the separation, but
the separation having been made, I have always said, as I say
now, that I would be the first to meet the friendship of the
United States as an independent power."
L
In the next century, immigrants to America from England,
Scotland, Wales, and Ulster worked wonders of invention. Their
industry, energy, and thrift helped to settle the West and
bring the industrial revolution to our shores.
In the 1870's
and 80's, investment from London and Edinburgh financed
America's vital continent-wide railroad system.
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In this century, our troops fought side-by-side in two great
wars. Then a statesman whose words had often inspired our
citizens as well as yours, forged an apt description for a new
world-calamity. . He called it an "iron curtain." Again, we did
not give up or give in.
Following our joint Berlin airlift, Britain and the United
States led the way toward establishment of a new Atlantic
Treaty.
NATO kept the peace for forty years. It bought the world
time. Eventually, the horizon brightened. When it did, it was
to the ideals of America and Britain that the people of Eastern
Europe looked for guidance and inspiration.
Your Majesty, last August 2 a happy coincidence put the
President and your First Minister together on a fateful
morning. Yet their unity their shared reaction, their
these
instinctive revulsion to aggression and treachery
they were
not coincidences at all.
They were fruits of a common heritage. They were products of
the generations we have spent working together to make the
world a more decent place, according to our common principles.
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-3-
dela
1
to
insure
yu
are
with
As you know, Your Majesty, there is no more welcome sight In a
dangerous sea than a strong beacon. In an uncertain world, the
constancy and strength of Anglo-American friendship has been
such a beacon to the people of the United States. No wonder
that to see the embodiment of that nation causes smiles on our
faces, applause in our Congress, and cheers in our stadiums.
May the friendship of our nations long endure -- for our good
and for the good of humanity.
Your Majesty, I raise my glass to you, to His Royal Highness,
and to the people of the United Kingdom.
Sv.
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(Smith/Grossman)
May 7, 1991
Draft Three
TREE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TREE CEREMONY
SOUTH LAWN
EM
TUESDAY, MAY 14, 1991
6287
1:30 P.M.
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen.
Welcome to the White House. And to an event which commemorates -
Manda
- whether in America or Great Britain -- how trees can preserve
and protect our natural resources.
Rose bank
Her Majesty and I have just come from the Map Room, where I
Executive
was honored to receive the Winston Churchill Award. / In one of
NSC
ford
his famous witticisms, Sir Winston once said, "I am always ready
to learn, though I do not always enjoy being taught. " / What
trees teach us is how a precious inheritance can be passed from
one generation to another. 11.5
Shawood
We see it in the forésts of Nottingham and lush delta of
Whitechips
the
Gardes
at
kew
Mississippi. We marvel at the of Dover and evergreens of (beart
the Pacific Northwest. // Trees form Serees a great cathedral of the tree
$00
outdoors. We must nurture them, replenish them -- as a family
would a best friend. //
3th
4
Your Majesty, fifty-four years ago President Roosevelt did
Ky
exactly that -- celebrating the British-American family by
praising a friend.
/
FDR planted two little leaf Linden trees in
honor of your father -- King George VI's -- coronation. For
decades they stood erect and proud -- like the ties that bind our
Nations. //
kew Gardens
Royal Bot
2
Then, last September, a storm swept through Washington --
destroying one of the lindens planted for your father. It
served to remind all of us that trees are precious -- but
fragile. They need our help -- as we need their beauty.
//
our lands twildlite
the
Teddy Roosevelt once called trees "the property of unborn
photos
Frees part of
March
generations. " // I can think of no better way to show our
20
1990
friendship -- nor salute the children of both our countries --
than to plant a new Linden tree. It is my honor now to dedicate
it to a truly great and good man, King George VI.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Grossman)
May 9, 1991
Draft Two
WINSTON
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
CHURCHILL
AWARD
ROSE GARDEN
TUESDAY, MAY 14, 1991
Your Majesty, Your Royal Highness, friends of what is indeed
our special relationship. It is a pleasure to welcome you to the
White House -- and to receive an award honoring not merely a lion
of winter -- but one of the greatest leaders of all time. //
His name was Winston Churchill. He was a morning star of
liberty. Like Gladstone, his was a fidelity to honor. Like
Thatcher, he rallied others to that cause. // We can never
reinvent him -- but we must never forget him. So we are here to
recall what he meant, and what he was. //
Winston Churchill provided hope when the free world had
abandoned it. He was linkened to the bull dog -- but to the
enemy he was a pit bull. / He helped Britain stand tall in the
councils of the Europe -- and the lamp of liberty shine like "a
blizzard of fireflies in the night.' // When Britain was under
attack by the Godless, it was sustained by a leader whom God must
have bestowed at its time of greatest peril. //
What was it that made Churchill such a legend? To begin,
he forged a golden age of rhetoric. [[At first I wondered why I
would be the recipient of the Winston Churchill AWard, but when I
reflected on our similarities, I realized it must be for my gift
of oratory. ]] // Think of "Britain's finest hour" or "Blood,
2
toil, tears, and sweat" or how he told America, "Give us the
tools, and we will finish the job." // Churchill didn't merely
speak words. He armed them / marshaled them / and sent them
marching off to war. //
True, and yet: There was more to Churchill than rhetoric
alone. He had the good sense to have an American mother. He was
a politician in the most ennobling sense -- seeking to reduce
what government must do and increase what the individual may do.
// He knew foreign policy -- had studied it for years. / Too,
he knew how education was our most enduring legacy --- vital to
all we are, and can become.
Listen to what he said in 19 : "If the human race wishes
to have a prolonged and indefinite period of prosperity, they
have only got to behave in a peaceful and helpful way toward one
another, and science will do for them all they wish and more than
they can dream. " //
Churchill College reflects this promise of science and
technology -- brandishing the qualities of steel, integrity,
creativity, and conviction -- that indelibly British mix known as
character. / By honoring it, we uphold Churchill's memory: A
legacy which defies limitations and salutes the horizons of
tomorrow. / What Sir Winston taught us, above all, is that in a
world that is shaped by colossal events, an era can be shaped by
a colossus of a man. //
Three times, Your Majesty -- more than any individual -- Sir
Winston was accorded the honor you will receive on Thursday --
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addressing the Congress of the United States. / Each was a
memorable occasion -- you were caught between tears and applause
-- and none more when in 1943, as the tide turned toward the
Allies, he told America: "By singleness of purpose, by tenacity
and endurance such as we have so far displayed -- by these, and
only by these, can we discharge our duty to the future of the
world and to the destiny of man. " //
Winston Churchill believed passionately in Britain and
America. Believed that only freedom could discharge our duty to
the meek and oppressed. / He lit the fuse of hope under wartime
Britain -- illumined even the inner recesses of the darkest
hearts of Europe. / On the face of freedom, he was, and
remains, the stiff upper lip. / He helped preside over the
liquidation of the greatest evil the world has ever known.
Your Majesty, like this award itself, its namesake is the
standard against which others are measured. / It is an honor to
be with you -- and to receive an award saluting a man of whom it
may be said: God must have broken the mold even before He made
him. /
Sir Winston Churchill.
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