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Fujimori Departure Statement 9/17/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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Fujimori Departure Statement 9/17/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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Fujimori Departure Statement 9/17/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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26
21
6
1
our two countries must face together. You,
of these fronts, but much
Mr. President, are an inspiration to the Peruvian
more needs to be done.
people, Peru's best hope for the future.
(Grossman
September 11, 199
Draft Thre
31
FUJIMORI.' T
SEP
P
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
DEPARTURE STATEMENT
SOUTH LAWN
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1991
Mr.
President, it has been a pleasure and a privilege to
meet with you today We've spoken honestly and openly --
covering areas of common interest -- including our shared hopes
for the future.
We discussed the daunting challenges facing Peru -- from
economic hardship to renegade insurgencies, from the war against
resert
from
human
2.
drugs, to the battle to preserve individual rights. //
P9
During our
we focused on narcotics trafficking and production -- a scourge
talks, we focused
and poiso
that blocks Peru's path to a peaceful and prosperous future neighborho Ameri
Peru remains the world's largest cocoa producer -- and the drug
industry drains its resources, drives an insurgency and dampens
Peru's hopes for a better future.
Mr. President, under your leadership, Peru has moved forward
energetically,11 fronts this deadly threat. You have
to combat
strengthened police and military operations against the drug
industry. Your administration has repeatedly emphasized the need
for alternative crop production. The U.S. and other nations have
training, resources, and equ:
joined to support Peru's efforts with
mddfinancial
men
amintance.
And, Mr. President, we have re-affirmed last May's
agreement, in which we agreed to cooperate closely in combating
of economic growth after so many years
A number of other countries including several in Latin America are
partners in this process, which is so important for Peru's future.
We hope the democratic community will rally generously to support
Peru.
3
international financial community.
//
We live in a world changing at a dizzying pace. Each day
writes a new page in history -- and yesterday's ink hasn't even
dried. You are steering your country steadily toward a place of
ecadership
democratic
greater renewe prominence in the community of/nations, which Peruvian
patriot Juan Pablo Viscardo (bees CAR doh) y Guzman (gooz MAN)
once called the "great family of brothers."
That spirit of brotherhood marked our meetings today -- and
promises great progress for our two nations. 11
Once again, Mr. President, it has been an honor to welcome
you to the White House -- and may God bless the people of Peru.
# # #
Mr. President, you are confronting the challenge of
change with courage and vision. You are building a new
Peru with a sound economy, respect for law, and a new sense of
social justice and national reconciliation.
THEMES FOR DEPARTURE STATEMENT
VISIT OF PRESIDENT ALBERTO FUJIMORI OF PERU
Peru faces a combination of problems as daunting as any in Latin
America. President Fujimori faces major challenges on drugs,
human rights, economic development and from insurgent groups.
Since July of 1990, when he took office as President of Peru,
President Fujimori has made a promising start in addressing each
of these problems.
On the Economic side, President Fujimori's courageous economic
stabilization measures and moves to reinsert Peru into the
international financial system are beginning to show results.
Inflation is coming under control in part because of efforts to
balance Peru's budget. Net international reserves are up, and
price controls have been eliminated. Government spending has
been cut. Almost all barriers to fireign trade and investment
have been eliminated. New taxes have doubled government revenue.
President Fujimori has shown that he is committed to improving
Peru's record on human rights.
Right after taking office, he replaced police officers suspected
of corruption and abuse. He has taken measures to assure that
the human rights performance of the security forces improves, and
it has improved. According to UN statistics, the number of
disappearances has fallen sharply, prosecuting attorneys have
been authorized full access to all military and police
installations to verify that detainees' rights are respected, and
the ICRC has permission to staff and operate offices in Peru,
including in the so-called emergency zones where narcotraffickers
and insurgent groups are most active.
On narcotics, Peru remains the largest producer of coca in the
world. Narcotics cooperation with Peruvian law enforcement
organizations has been generally good. Police operations have
become larger and more effective. The Peruvian military are
becoming more active in the war against trafficking.
But much remains to be done on all fronts. President Fujimori
and the people of Peru need and deserve our support.
On the economic front, The United States is pleased to be co-
chairing, along with the Japanese, an international support group
to help clear Peru's debt arrears to the international financial
institutions, and vigorously supports the reintegration of Peru
into the nternational financial community.
On drugs, we look forward to continuing our cooperation with Peru
in the future to cut the flow of coca-based products northward.
During this visit we signed a bilateral accord on anti-money
laundering efforts. We have also agreed, together with other
nations, to support Peru's efforts with technical and financial
assistance. In this respect, a number of proposals are pending
before the Congress, and I hoep they will be acted on soon.
Our support for Peru's antinarcotics effort is critical not only
to our narcotics goals in Peru, but to our total effort in the
2
Andean region. I intent to see that Peru gets the help it needs.
On human rights, while some progress has been made, Peru still
has significant problems. Here the need to cope with an active
insurgency which has allied itself with narcotraffickers has
impeded progress.
SL
However, President Fujimori has told me he understands fully the
need for further progress on this front and assures me it is one
of his highest priorities. We will help and support his efforts
as appropriate.
In short, President Fujimori has made major progress on a number
of fronts, but much remains to be done. He needs our help, and
we intend to do what we can to support his effort and help assure
Peru continues to make progress on drugs, human rights and
economic reform.
I congratulate you, Mr. President, on your achievements, wish you
a pleasant and successful trip to New York, and a safe return to
Peru.
'91-09-09 13:19 DOUG GAMBLE
P.1
DOUG GAMBLE
424 36th Place
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Sept. 9/91
(213) 546-6409
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN
FAREWELL TO PRESIDENT FUJIMORE - PERU (Jennifer Grossman)
I'M SORRY THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT WAS SO SHORT. MAYBE IF I DON'T TELL HIM so
MANY STORIES ABOUT MY GOLF GAME, HE'LL AGREE TO STAY LONGER NEXT TIME.
I'M SORRY PRESIDENT FUJIMORE COULDN'T STAY LONG ENOUGH FOR US TO TAKE IN A
BASEBALL GAME, ALTHOUGH IT WOULD PROBABLY TAKE ME SEVERAL DAYS TO EXPLAIN
THE ORIOLES THIS YEAR.
I'D VERY MUCH LIKE TO GO TO PERU SOMEDAY TO VISIT THE ANCIENT RUINS. I WAS
HOPING TO SHOW THE PRESIDENT THE RUINS HERE, BUT HE DIDN'T HAVE TIME FOR AN
ORIOLES GAME.
THE INCAS OF PERU WERE A HIGHLY-DEVELOPED CIVILIZATION. I WAS HOPING TO SHOW
THE PRESIDENT HOW FAR OUR CIVILIZATION HAS DEVELOPED, BUT HE DIDN'T HAVE TIME
FOR A REDSKINS GAME AT RFK.
PERU IS A COUNTRY OF WORLD-RENOWNED ANCIENT RUINS. I WAS GOING TO SHOW THE
PRESIDENT SOME OF OUR RUINS, BUT I LEFT THE PICTURES OF MY LAST GOLF GAME UP
IN KENNEBUNKPORT.
PERU
NOTES
2.5 pages, less pomp and circ since it's a working visit
BOB MORLEY AT NSC: In general, a statement of strong support, but
with recognition of the tough road ahead, that we must continue to
work towards improvement, resolution of outstanding difficulties.
The main theme: NARCOTICS. The need to control narcs, the
need for Peru and the US to work together to cut the flow of
narcs to the US. Under President Fujimori, progress has been
made, but there remains work yet to be done.
--Fujimori has repeatedly emphasized the need for
alternative crop production and economic development as
an antidote to cocoa farming and rebel influence in rural
areas.
--we might also mention the umbrella agreement our two
governments signed last May to work together against the
narcotics trade, which in Peru is closely linked with
Maoist Shining Path guerrillas.
--one source alledges that Peru produces 60% of the
world's cocoa. the US consumes 80%)
Other main theme: Yahoo for democracy and stability. Reform,
political and specifically economic reform ---> these will
help foster a more secure foundation for democracy and
stability. Ec reform particularly important to help Peru
recover from its disastrous economic situation. ("Crushing
poverty and its attendant calamities, such as the country's
recent cholera epidemic.'
Human Rights: how important this is to government stability;
how important this issue is to warm relations between our two
countries. Again, Fujimori has made substantial progress in
this area, but work remains to be done. POTUS and POP will
have spoken of this.
--good: recent creation of specialk offices where
civilians can report human rights violations committed
by members of the police and armed forces.
--since Fujimori took office in July, the number of
disappearances has been significantly reduced.
Note: we are organizing an ecomic support group for Peru, a
number of countries will join us in an effort to provide the
necessary financial resources to get out of their present
economic difficulties. Moreover, we are preparing to provide
substantial bilateral economic assistance. (Chic Trib: " the
Bush administration wants to give $94 ($95?) million in
military and economic aid that would be spent primarily on
rooting out cocoa growing. Some money also would go for
balance-of-payments relief.")
*We might want to make a mention of Sendero Luminoso, a
condemnation, how it stands outside the community of law and
nations, find out more 'bout how specifically Marxist it is,
or is it more of a thugs/mafia thing. SL has been warring
with authorities for a over a decade.
-Maybe there's something in the Sendero/Path for
metaphors/images -- shining path that even now is proving
to be a mirage, leading only to a darker, violent future
for Peru.
-- (Chic Trib: "Fujimori also has opened channels of
communication among groups not accustomed to talking with
each other.")
QUESTIONS:
--who was the first US President to visit Peru?
--which, if any, US Presidents are admired by Peruvians?
--is there anyway to get personal anecdotes that would illuminate
the character of President Fujimori?
- - is there anything we should me-tion about Gulf wa
PERU: COLOR/QUOTES
1) Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzman, Peruvian Jesuit priest, spoke
of " the common interest of [creating] one, great family of
brothers. "
2)
"The settlement of international disputes does not rest now
on the eventuality of war, but on the decision of a high court
of justice, which no nation can ignore, lest it declares
itself to be a barbarian state.' "
--great Peruvian diplomat and statesman
3) "If we are united in defense of independence, then we must be
so united for freedom, for democracy -- for in a sense,
independence is but the means by which we achieve the highest
end: democracy."
--Dr. Victor Andres Belaunde, former UN Assembly
President
4) Peruvian national anthem:
We are free; let us always be so,
And let the sun rather deny its light
Than that we should fail the solemn VOW
Which our Country raised to God.
5)
Three decades ago, almost to the day, President John F.
Kennedy, spoke of how Peru and the United States, "standing
shoulder to shoulder, fight for the same things a world at
peace, a world of law, a world which permits us to develop in
our respective countries a better life for our people, which
us. "
OUTLINE FOR FUJIMORI DEPARTURE STATEMENT
I.
It has been a priviledge to meet with you, we've led fruitful
and interesting talks
A.
PRAISE FOR FUJIMORI MUCH HAS BEEN DONE, MUCH REMAINS TO BE
ACHIEVED
-Fujimori, his accomplishments, his vision, his slogan.
Could we get an anecdote here, or a quote.
--US stands ready to help
II. A NEW WORLD DAWNING, PERU MUST TAKE ITS PLACE
A.
Narcotics
-better rels on the outside, more stability on the inside
progress made, work yet to be done
May pact
B.
Human Rights
--an issue, Fujimori recognizes its importance
--again, better rels on the outside, more stability and TRUST
on the inside. The compact between the governors and the
governed. Here would be a nice place for a happy face quote.
C.
Sendero Luminoso short graph
sticks out like a sore thumb, don't it.
--one of the remaining outlaw groups, occupying an
increasingly lonely, drafty place on the outskirts of the
international community
joke on whether they, along with those other preeminent
bozos like Saddam Hussein, supported the hardline coup attempt
in Moscow
complicating the successful resolution of the human rights
problem
D.
Financial Reform/Assistance (segue: SL stands outside the new
order emerging)
*International support group, US and Japan
NWO
world changing, the desire for freedom ignited, catching and
spreading across the globe
-Peru's native son, UNSG Javier Perez de Cuellar, dutiful in
his vigil at the new world dawning
quote by Peruvian diplomat
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
-your successes are demonstrating to the Peruvian people, to Latin
America, to the world, that the Shining Path leads nowhere -- only
to the dark abyss of violence and disorder. The false seductions
of the Sendero Luminoso -- promising light where there is only
darkness, promising a path where there is only a dead end.
the integrity of human life, the dignity of the individual
the next century, a world changing at a dizzying pace
--we stand committed that Peru will not be left behind
-steering your country with a steady hand toward a solid and
welcome standing in the community of nations
Your slogan of "Honesty, Technology, and Work. "
-your democratization reforms knowing, as did one of the
forefathers of my county, that the people "are the only sure
reliance for the preservation of our liberty."
-that stability and prosperity are not a matter of chance, they
are a matter of choice; that Peru cannot wait for its future to
happen, but rather Peru's future waits to be realized
joke on Commies in Peruvian parliament? By the way, I'm aware
that Peru still has some Communists in its parliament, it's nice
to know there's still some real old-fashioned folks in the world.
Of course people have a right to march to the beat of a
dead/deceased drummer.
Narcotics: not a question of fault or of fealty, it is a question
of Peru's future.
--drugs, driving insurgency, draining resources, and drowning
Peru's hopes for a better future.
--Fujimori: a man of pride, pragmatism, and purpose
--policies resolute and resourceful
--human rights, light at the end of the tunnel, pressing the
passage towards a better day for all Peruvians factors
complicating progress
those who see only a glass half empty, we
see rather a struggle half won
Peru needs our aid, we cannot help
Peru by ignoring her we keep our hands fastidiously clean while
we fail to extend them to a country in need of help. (Yale
commencement: "We want to promote positive change in the world
throught the force of our example, not simply professour purity.
We want to advance the cause of freedom, not just snub nations that
aren't yet wholly free
Some argue that a nation as moral and as
just as ours should not taint itself by dealing ewith nations less
THE WHITE HOUSE
moral, less just. But this scouselo offers up self-righteousness
draped in a false morality. You do not reform a world by ignoring
it."
-NWO from SOU: " a new world order, where diverse nations are
drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations
of mankind -- peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.
Such is a world worthy of our struggle and worthy of our children's
future."
-Shakespeare's Henry V on St. Crispin's day: "All things are ready
if our minds be so. " Paraphrase?
the struggle (against
) has been/proven far from easy, and
farther from over.
--unscrupulous marauders
--narcotics: traffickers in death and destruction
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20540
1H146583
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
Tel: (202) 707-5400
Fax: (202) 707-2005
Date:September 9, 1991
To: Jennifer Grossman. The White House.
Fax: 456-6218
From: Juan M. Pérez, Ref. Libr., Hispanic Division.
Message: Translations from different texts of Ricardo Palma's works. If you
want the citations I could give them to you tomorrow. One page follows.
Good luck.
I will continue to look for Peruvian proverbs and sayings for the next couple
of hours.
1003
4915/07
2002 20L 2020
28:17
T8/60/60
[The following citations were taking from the work of Ricardo
Palma (1833-1919), Tradiciones Peruanas. Ricardo Palma was a writer
who dedicated himself to collect Peruvian folk tales]
1.-
[How to write poetry]
Draw two equal lines,
align them and
rhyme them,
and in the middle?
Ah, here's the rub!
That's where the talent goes.
2.-
Life to a salad may be compared,
One day it has no taste at all
And next day it's nothing but vinegar.
3--
A dry throat can neither growl nor sing.
4.-
Siembra beneficios y tendrás cosecha de
bendiciones. [Sow kindness and harvest
prosperity]
5.-
If A cat or a bureaucrat fell into a well, how
would they escape?
Since both have claws
they climb the walls.
002
2005 207 2020
82:38
T6/60/60
09/06/91
10:22
202 707 2005
LC/HISP
001/003
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
N
e
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20540
FEE
&
&
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
Tel: (202) 707-5400
Fax: (202) 707-2005
Date:September 6, 1991
To: Jennifer Grossman. The White House.
Fax: 456-6218
From: Juan M. Pérez, Ref. Libr., Hispanic Division. JMP
Message: Background information on Peru. Two pages follow.
09/06/91
10:22
6202 707 2005
LC/HISP
002/003
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PERU
1. - Peru is a nation with a rich past. The ruins of the Machu
Pichu fortress stand out as a symbol of one of the greatest
American civilizations: the Incas. The Incas spread their
civilization into what is today Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, southern
Colombia and parts of Chile. The Inca civilization was highly
developed.
2. - The University of San Marcos in Lima, founded in 1551, is
one of the oldest universities of America.
3.- - In Peru the Inca and the Spanish civilizations have
blended, contributing to the richness of its cultural heritage. As
a product of this heritage, many prominent figures appeared that
not only contributed to Peru's cultural and historical
development, but to the world's in general.
a) Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. Diplomat. Present Secretary
General of the United Nations.
b) Ricardo Palma (1883-1919). - Writer.
c) Manuel González Prada (1844-1918) Poet and philosopher.
d) César Vallejo (1892-1938). - Writer.
e) Ciro Alegria (1909-1967) . Writer.
f) Juan Manuel Ugarte Eléspuru (1911- ). Sculptor.
g) Hipólito Unanue (1755-1833). Scientist. He distinguished
himself in mathematics, physics, anatomy, natural history and
classical latin and greek literature. Unanue was one of the most
prominent figures of his time. He was born poor, but his great
intellect enabled him to conquer that adversity. He is highly
regarded in the country.
VOA, fumpare
Fernando
Cervantes
will interview
Fujimori
09/06/91 10:22 202 707 2005
LC/HISP
003/003
h) Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), wrote about the
splendor of the Inca civilization.
June 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Administration of George
that had open and free certified elections,
coln's words, "the ballot is stronger than the
the European Commission a cease-fire by
many more times than one. And it is the
bullet."
May 30th. But they were not truly commit-
the freedom of those
opposition, it is people who think they can
Mr. President, time and again you and
ted to that deadline either. And the killing
respected is also someti
use the gun to get what they should be
the people of El Salvador have proved your
and destruction, regrettably, continues.
by all Salvadorans.
willing to fight for at the ballot box.
doubters to be wrong. Political rights have
So, the world must ask: How many more
And let me just say
And so, I'm proud to have President Cris-
flourished despite hardship and despite war.
of the people of El Sa
Salvadorans must die before the guerrillas
tiani at my side. Today we've got lots to
And your people enjoy freedom of speech
have found that in tl
understand that Salvadorans want peace
like never before. Exiles who once feared
freedom and democr
talk about, so you guys are almost history
and freedom, not violence and war? I urge
here-[laughter}-but thank you for
for their lives have returned, come back
the guerrillas to return to the negotiating
found a true partner i
coming. And I don't take questions in the
home to campaign for office and build par-
reached. table and stay there until a cease-fire is
And certainly under y
Oval Office, as 'I'm sure most of you know.
ties.
President, this has beei
And I think the President will be having a
You also have begun to lay liberty's cor-
where we cannot but
Mr. President, difficult steps lie ahead.
nerstone-the rule of law. And you've
We believe that it ha
press conference tomorrow some time. But
But the world understands your commit-
strengthened the judicial system. You've ex-
port of the United State
I wanted to violate a rule that I have of not
ment to peace, and democracy. The United
panded civilian authority over the police
nations that El Salvado
making comments because I feel so strongly
and military and you've committed yourself
States and the international community
fully support your efforts for peace, and we
overcome the hardships
about the need to support the President
to dramatic reductions in armed forces. And
of this support, it certai
and the steps he's taking there.
will support sound peace accords in your
Thank you all, and I hope you feel wel-
you've strengthened protections for human
brave land.
continue to work even
come here in the States.
rights.
We both serve at a time when freedom
what we all want to se
Q. Thank you. Happy birthday again.
Soon, the trial of those accused in the
and democracy are sweeping the globe.
truly peaceful society liv
President Bush. Oh, thanks. I thought I'd
1989 Jesuit murders will begin, and we
Here in the Americas we are building
as any other country in
hate it, but so far it's been very good.
know that you will press to see justice done
something unprecedented in human histo-
I would like to also
Note: President Bush spoke at 11:07 a.m. in
in the case of this despicable crime.
ry-the world's first completely democratic
name of all our delegatic
the Oval Office at the White House. A tape
But as newly-freed people around the
hemisphere. And under your leadership, El
that you have shown ar
was not available for verification of the
globe are learning, political freedom is con-
Salvador has taken a place in that demo-
that we have received fr
contents of these remarks.
nected to economic freedom. And here,
cratic community, and within your borders
that we go back encour
too, your nation has taken dramatic strides.
hope flourishes. People have gotten into the
harder in order to get p
When you freed exchange rates, wiped out
spirit of national reconciliation and they
as soon as possible.
price controls, and clamped down on gov-
now tolerate opposing views and they sup-
And just let me end
Remarks Following Discussions With
ernment spending, your farmers, your
port democratic institutions, and they have
we lived through your
President Alfredo Cristiani of El
workers, your investors responded with a
dedicated themselves to preserving human
Persian Gulf and that fr
Salvador and an Exchange With
burst of creativity and growth. Inflation fell
rights. These ingredients cannot help but
people, there is nothing
Reporters
last year, and exports rose by 17 percent.
produce peace. And when they do, your
to your leadership. The
June 12, 1991
And in spite of guerrilla attacks on econom-
people will remember that your leadership
the situation in the Gulf
ic targets your economy grew faster than it
made peace possible.
that should be copied by
President Bush. Mr. President, with your
has since 1978-up 3.4 percent.
Mr. President, I salute you, sir, for your
to become a leader in th
permission, let me just say that I was de-
This progress cannot continue indefinitely
courage and your leadership. You have my
And we certainly can un
lighted to spend time talking and working
unless peace finally comes to El Salvador.
full confidence and support, the full confi-
culty of that decision tha
today with a close friend of the United
Fortunately, you have led your people
dence and support of our entire administra-
when you had to send yo
States, President Cristiani of El Salvador.
toward peace and reconciliation. You ex-
tion. And Godspeed you and God bless your
for a cause, but a cause
And in greeting one of your predecessors,
tended the hand of forgiveness in your In-
work on the road to peace for El Salvador.
was right. And a cause
Dwight Eisenhower declared that: "Friends
augural Address, and you told your country
We are delighted you came here, sir.
respected, and not only
and countries are not measured by the
that time for negotiations had come and
All yours.
supported fully from our
extent of territory or the size of their popu-
you offered to negotiate without precondi-
President Cristiani. Mr. President, first of
vador. And we certainly
lation. They are measured by their dedica-
tion. Throughout your country and the
all, I would like to not only thank your kind
that there is great admir
tion to their friends, to common values,
world, people of goodwill agree that time
words that you have just expressed, and I
and for the people of the
priceless values that free men possess above
for peace has come.
certainly receive them not personally, but
And now the FMLN guerrillas must show
in the name of all Salvadorans.
risking everything in orde
even life itself."
rights anywhere in the
Thirty years later, those words still ring
in word and deed that they want peace and
As you have expressed, the people of El
Salvador have undergone quite a task.
something that also encou
true. Through trying circumstances, El Sal-
its natural counterpart, democracy. The
ward in this task.
vador holds fast to its democratic traditions.
guerrillas agreed to negotiate a cease-fire
Hardship has been the name of the game in
El Salvador for the past 10 19
Please let me just end,
le who think they can
Mr. President, time and again you and
ted to that deadline either. And the killing
by all Salvadorans.
'what they should be
the people of El Salvador have proved your
and destruction, regrettably, continues.
And let me just say that the appreciation
the ballot box.
doubters to be wrong. Political rights have
So, the world must ask: How many more
of the people of El Salvador, because they
to have President Cris-
flourished despite hardship and despite war.
Salvadorans must die before the guerrillas
have found that in this quest for peace,
>day we've got lots to
And your people enjoy freedom of speech
understand that Salvadorans want peace
freedom and democracy-that we have
(uys are almost history
like never before. Exiles who once feared
and freedom, not violence and war? I urge
found a true partner in the United States.
it thank you for
for their lives have returned, come back
the guerrillas to return to the negotiating
And certainly under your leadership, Mr.
: take questions in the
home to campaign for office and build par-
table and stay there until a cease-fire is
President, this has been increased to levels
sure most of you know.
ties.
reached.
where we cannot but be grateful forever.
sident will be having a
You also have begun to lay liberty's cor-
Mr. President, difficult steps lie ahead.
We believe that it has been with the sup-
norrow some time. But
nerstone-the rule of law. And you've
But the world understands your commit-
port of the United States and other friendly
rule that I have of not
strengthened the judicial system. You've ex-
ment to peace, and democracy. The United
nations that El Salvador has been able to
cause I feel so strongly
panded civilian authority over the police
States and the international community
overcome the hardships, and that, because
support the President
and military and you've committed yourself
fully support your efforts for peace, and we
of this support, it certainly motivates us to
king there.
to dramatic reductions in armed forces. And
will support sound peace accords in your
continue to work even harder to achieve
d I hope you feel wel-
you've strengthened protections for human
brave land.
what we all want to see in El Salvador, a
tes.
rights.
We both serve at a time when freedom
truly peaceful society living and progressing
py birthday again.
Soon, the trial of those accused in the
and democracy are sweeping the globe.
as any other country in the world is doing.
h, thanks. I thought I'd
1989 Jesuit murders will begin, and we
Here in the Americas we are building
I would like to also thank you in the
been very good.
know that you will press to see justice done
something unprecedented in human histo-
name of all our delegations for the kindness
spoke at 11:07 a.m. in
in the case of this despicable crime.
ry-the world's first completely democratic
that you have shown and also the support
he White House. A tape
But as newly-freed people around the
hemisphere. And under your leadership, El
that we have received from your words and
Cor verification of the
globe are learning, political freedom is con-
Salvador has taken a place in that demo-
that we go back encouraged to even work
arks.
nected to economic freedom. And here,
cratic community, and within your borders
harder in order to get peace for our people
too, your nation has taken dramatic strides.
hope flourishes. People have gotten into the
as soon as possible.
When you freed exchange rates, wiped out
spirit of national reconciliation and they
And just let me end by saying also that
price controls, and clamped down on gov-
now tolerate opposing views and they sup-
we lived through your endeavors in the
5 Discussions With
ernment spending, your farmers, your
port democratic institutions, and they have
Persian Gulf and that from the Salvadoran
Cristiani of El
workers, your investors responded with a
dedicated themselves to preserving human
people, there is nothing but admiration as
«change With
burst of creativity and growth. Inflation fell
rights. These ingredients cannot help but
to your leadership. The way you handled
last year, and exports rose by 17 percent.
produce peace. And when they do, your
the situation in the Gulf war was something
And in spite of guerrilla attacks on econom-
people will remember that your leadership
that should be copied by anyone who wants
ic targets your economy grew faster than it
made peace possible.
to become a leader in their own countries.
[r. President, with your
has since 1978-up 3.4 percent.
Mr. President, I salute you, sir, for your
And we certainly can understand the diffi-
ust say that I was de-
This progress cannot continue indefinitely
courage and your leadership. You have my
e talking and working
unless peace finally comes to El Salvador.
full confidence and support, the full confi-
culty of that decision that you had to take
friend of the United
Fortunately, you have led your people
dence and support of our entire administra-
when you had to send young people to die
istiani of El Salvador.
toward peace and reconciliation. You ex-
tion. And Godspeed you and God bless your
for a cause, but a cause that was just and
: of your predecessors,
tended the hand of forgiveness in your In-
work on the road to peace for El Salvador.
was right. And a cause that we certainly
augural Address, and you told your country
We are delighted you came here, sir.
respected, and not only respected but also
declared that: "Friends
not measured by the
that time for negotiations had come and
All yours.
supported fully from our position in El Sal-
President Cristiani. Mr. President, first of
vador. And we certainly would like to say
the size of their popu-
you offered to negotiate without precondi-
asured by their dedica-
all, I would like to not only thank your kind
that there is great admiration for yourself
tion. Throughout your country and the
words that you have just expressed, and I
and for the people of the United States for
Is, to common values,
world, people of goodwill agree that time
free men possess above
for peace has come.
certainly receive them not personally, but
risking everything in order to preserve the
And now the FMLN guerrillas must show
in the name of all Salvadorans.
rights anywhere in the world. And this is
those words still ring
in word and deed that they want peace and
As you have expressed, the people of El
something that also encourages to move for-
circumstances, El Sal-
Salvador have undergone quite a task.
ward in this task.
its natural counterpart, democracy. The
S democratic traditions.
guerrillas agreed to negotiate a cease-fire
Hardship has been the name of the game in
Please let me just end, Mr. President-I
years, your courageous
for September of 1989. They showed no
El Salvador for the past 10, 12 years. And
know that you have expressed once before
oted in free and fair
eagerness at all to meet that deadline. And
the Salvadorans have always shown in gen-
that you do not like this to be remembered
the world that, in Lin-
then they promised the foreign ministers of
eral that they want peace, that they want
very often-but also we would like to wish
democracy, and they want freedom. And
you a very happy birthday. We hope that
759
June 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Administration of George
the difficulties that you just went by with
partment of Health and Human Services,
people of the United States to observe this
kins University (M.A.,
your health are certainly over and gone
2,800 cases of pediatric AIDS have been
week with appropriate programs and activi-
March 3, 1943, in Qui
with. And we hope that you can certainly
reported in this country since 1982. That
ties.
dor Ross is married a
say-we can certainly say happy birthday
figure is expected to rise to between 6,000
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
Algeria.
for many, many years more.
and 20,000 in the next few years. AIDS is
my hand this twelfth day of June, in the
Thank you very much, Mr. President.
already the ninth leading cause of death
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
The President. Thank you, sir. Thank you
among children between the ages of one
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
Nomination of Jeffr
so much.
and four, and it is expected that, during the
United States of America the two hundred
General Counsel at 1
1990s, the disease will become an even
Education
Q. Mr. President, are you going to bash
and fifteenth.
the Democrats tonight?
more significant cause of death among chil-
George Bush
June 12, 1991
dren.
The President. Stay tuned.
Women who are infected with the human
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
The President today
Q. They're saying all kinds of nasty things
immuno-deficiency (HIV) virus can transmit
ter, 10:57 a.m., June 13, 1991]
tion to nominate Jeffr
about you today.
the virus to their infants during pregnancy
nessee, to be General
The President. Oh, it's so discouraging.
or at birth. Currently, about 84 percent of
Nomination of Christopher W.S. Ross
partment of Education
All I have is pleasant things to say about
To Be United States Ambassador to
the AIDS cases in children result from per-
Edward C. Stringer.
them, because we've got to work together
Syria
inatal transmission. The outlook for HIV-
Currently, Mr. Marti
to get a lot done. That's what we're trying
infected babies is grim. Almost half of these
June 12, 1991
ant to the Secretary a
to do.
children develop AIDS in their first year,
Education in Washingt
Q. Are you going to release the other $40
The President today announced his inten-
Mr. Martin served with
million for El Salvador?
and nearly 70 percent develop AIDS by the
The President. I'll tell you one thing-
end of their second year. The median sur-
tion to nominate Christopher W.S. Ross, of
& Gardner as a partn
you're not going to hear anything if this
vival time from diagnosis is 38 months, and
California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary
associate, 1980-1985;
it is only 6 months for babies who are diag-
and Plenipotentiary of the United States of
with Barnes Hickmar
thunderstorm comes through here and
nosed with AIDS in their first year of life.
America to the Syrian Arab Republic. He
1979-1980. From 1978
blasts us off our own lawn.
Moreover, a disproportionate number of
would succeed Edward P. Djerejian.
served as a law cler
Q. Sir, do you think you can change per-
Since 1988 Ambassador Ross has served
Spottswood W. Robins
ceptions that you're more of a foreign
HIV-infected mothers are black or Hispan-
ic, poor, or residents of the inner city; many
as the U.S. Ambassador to the Democratic
Appeals for the Distri
policy President than a domestic President?
of them will not survive to care for their
and Popular Republic of Algeria. Prior to
cuit.
The President. Well, the truth always will
this, Ambassador Ross served at the Depart-
Mr. Martin graduate
out-that's the way I look at it. It will be
babies.
As part of their overall fight against
ment of State as Executive Assistant to the
versity (B.A., 1975) ai
good. This isn't going to be a harsh attack-
AIDS, researchers at the National Institutes
Under Secretary for Political Affairs, 1985-
Chicago Law School (J.
and that's what this is going to be about-
was born December 5
Q. Are you going to take the high road?
of Health are studying ways to prevent
1988, and as Director of Regional Affairs at
transmission of the HIV virus from mother
The President.-, feel the one I feel most
the Bureau of Near Eastern and South
OH. He is married, ha
resides in Silver Spring.
comfortable on. However-[laughter]
to infant. They are also investigating ways
Asian Affairs, 1984-1985. Ambassador Ross
to diagnose the infection in babies at the
served as special assistant to the special
Note: The President spoke at 1:21 p.m. at
earliest possible moment. The Federal Gov-
Presidential envoys to Lebanon, the Middle
Remarks on the Adm
the South Portico of the White House. Prior
ernment and many private organizations
East, and Tel Aviv, 1982-1984; at the De-
Domestic Policy
to his remarks, the two Presidents met pri-
throughout the United States are also work-
partment of State as a public affairs adviser
June 12, 1991
vately in the Oval Office and with U.S. and
ing diligently to educate the public about
at the Bureau of Near Eastern and South
Salvadoran officials in the Cabinet Room,
AIDS and to discourage the behaviors that
Asian Affairs, 1981-1982; and as Deputy
Thank you all very m
and then attended a luncheon in the Old
can put parents and their children at risk.
Family Dining Room.
Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Al-
don't give up your day
To enhance public awareness of pediatric
giers, Algeria, 1979-1981. Ambassador Ross
ter]
AIDS, the Congress, by House Joint Resolu-
served with the U.S. Information Agency in
Thank you all, and {
Proclamation 6305-Pediatric AIDS
tion 91, has designated the week of June 10
several capacities: public affairs officer in
bers of our Cabinet he
Awareness Week, 1991
through June 16, 1991, as "Pediatric AIDS
Algiers, Algeria, 1976-1979; information of-
bell and Governor Mi
Awareness Week" and authorized and re-
ficer in Beirut, Lebanon, 1973-1976; branch
guests. Dr. Benjamin
June 12, 1991
quested the President to issue a proclama-
public affairs officer in Fez, Morocco, 1970-
friend, the President of
By the President of the United States
tion in observance of this week.
1973; junior officer trainee in Tripoli, Libya,
ty who brings a lifelong
of America
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
1969-1970; and public affairs trainee in
historically black colleg
dent of the United States of America, do
welcome. Drew Batavia
A Proclamation
Washington, DC, 1968-1969. Ambassador
hereby designate the week of June 10
Distinguished Disabled
Ross entered the U.S. Information
EMBASSY FPERU
1700 MASSACHUSETTS AVE N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
TLF (202) 833-9860
FAX (202) 659-8124
FAX No. 456- 6218
FROM: PATRICIA NALVANTE
TO: HOLLY Bentsen
DATE: 9-9-91
No. of sheets including cover. 12
02
CONSTITUCION POLITICA DEL PERU
X 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
Promulgada el 12 de Julio de 1979
REPUBLICA PERUANA
EDICIONOFICIAL
16/60/68 11:45 -
ASAMBLEA CONSTITUYENTE
03
POR CUANTO:
La Asamblea Constituyente ha dado la siguiente
CONSTITUCION POLITICA DEL PERU
PREAMBULO
2 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
Nosotros, Representantes a la Asamblea Constituyente, invo-
cando la protección de Dios, y en ejercicio de la potestad sobe-
rana que el pueblo del Perú nos ha conferido;
CREYENTES en la primacía de la persona humana y en que
todos los hombres, iguales en dignidad, tienen derechos de vali-
dez universal, anteriores y superiores al Estado;
-Que la familia es célula básica de la sociedad y raíz de su
grandeza, así como ámbito natural de la educación y la cul-
tura;
-Que el trabajo es deber y derecho de todos los hombres y
representa la base del bienestar nacional;
-Que la justicia es valor primario de la vida en comunidad
y que el ordenamiento social se cimenta en el bien común
y la solidaridad humana;
16/68/68 11145
DECIDIDOS a promover la ereación de una sociedad justa,
libre y culta, sin explotados ni explotadores, exenta de toda dis-
criminación por razones de sexo, raza, credo 0 condición social,
donde la economía esté al servicio del hombre y no el hombre al
servicio de la economía; una sociedad abierta a formas superiores
de convivencia y apta para recibir y aprovechar el influjo de la
revolución científica, tecnológica, económica y social que trans-
forma el mundo;
3
04
DECIDIDOS así mismo a fundar un Estado democrático, ba-
TITULO I
sado en la voluntad popular y en su libre y periódica consulta,
que garantice, a través de instituciones estables y legítimas, la ple-
DERECHOS Y DEBERES FUNDAMENTALES DE
na vigencia de los derechos humanos; la independencia y la uni-
LA PERSONA
dad de la República; la dignidad creadora del trabajo; la parti-
cipación de todos en el disfrute de la riqueza; la cancelación del
CAPITULO I
subdesarrollo y la injusticia; el sometimiento de gobernantes y
gobernados a la Constitución y. la ley; y la efectiva responsabi-
DE LA PERSONA
lidad de quienes ejercen función pública;
ARTICULO 1º-La persona humana es el fin supremo de la
2 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
CONVENCIDOS de la necesidad de impulsar la integración
sociedad y del Estado. Todos tiene la obligación de respetarla y
de los pueblos latinoamericanos y de afirmar su independencia
protegerla.
contra todo imperialismo;
ARTICULO 2º-Toda persona tiene derecho:
CONSCIENTES de la fraternidad de todos los hombres y
de la necesidad de excluir la violencia como medio de procurar
1.-A la vida, a un nombre propio, a la integridad física V
solución a conflictos internos e internacionales;
al libre desenvolvimiento de su personalidad. Al cue
está por nacer se le considera nacido para todo lo cue
ANIMADOS por el propósito de mantener y consolidar la
le favorece.
personalidad histórica de la Patria, síntesis de los valores egregios
de múltiple origen que le han dado nacimiento; de defender su
2.-A la igualdad ante la ley, sin discriminación alguna por
patrimonio cultural; y de asegurar el dominio y la preservación
razón de sexo, raza, religión, opinión 0 idioma.
de sus recursos naturales; y
El varón y la mujer tienen iguales oportunidades y TES-
ponsabilidades. La ley reconoce a la mujer derechos no
EVOCANDO las realizaciones justicieras de nuestro pasado
menores que al varón.
autóctono; la fusión cultural y humana cumplida durante el vi-
rreinato; la gesta de los Libertadores de América que inició en
3.-A la libertad de conciencia Y de religión, en forma indi-
el Perú Túpac Amaru y aqui culminaron San Martín y Bolivar;
vidual 0 asociada. No hay persecución por razón de
09/09/91 11:45
así como las sombras ilustres de Sánchez Carrión, fundador de la
ideas 0 creencias El ejercicio público de todas las con-
República, y de todos nuestros pròceres, héroes y luchadores so-
fesiones es libre, siempre que no ofenda a la moral 0
ciales, y el largo combate del pueblo por alcanzar un régimen
altere el orden público.
de libertad y justicia.
4.-A las libertades de información, opinión, expresión y
HEMOS VENIDO EN SANCIONAR Y PROMULGAR, como
difusión del pensamiento mediante la palabra, el escrito
en efecto sancionamos y promulgamos, la presente:
0 la imagen, por cualquier medio de comunicación SO-
cial, sin previa autorización, censura ni impedimento al-
CONSTITUCION POLITICA DEL PERU.
gunos, bajo las responsabilidades de ley.
4
5
Los delitos cometidos por medio del libro, la prensa y
Las cartas y demás documentos privados obtenidos con
demás medios de comunicación social se tipifican en el
violación de este precepto no tienen efecto legal.
Código Penal y se juzgan en el fuero común.
Los libros, comprobantes y documentos de contabilidad
También es delito toda acción que suspende 0 clausura
están sujetos a inspección 0 fiscalización de la autori-
algún órgano de expresión 0 le impide circular libre-
dad competente, de conformidad con la ley.
mente.
Los derechos de informar y opinar comprenden los de
9.-A elegir libremente el lugar de su residencia, a tran-
fundar medios de comunicación.
sitar por el territorio nacional y a salir de él y entrar
en él, salvo limitaciones por razón de sanidad.
5.-Al honor y la buena reputación, a la intimidad perso-
A no ser expatriado ni separado del lugar de su resi-
nal y familiar y a la propia imagen. Toda persona afec-
dencia sino por mandato judicial 0 por aplicación de la
tada por afirmaciones inexactas 0 agraviada en su honor
ley de extranjeria.
09/09/91 11:46
por publicaciones en cualquier medio de comunicación
social, tiene derecho de rectificación en forma gratuita,
10.-A reunirse-pacificamente sin armas. Las reuniones en
sin perjuicio de la responsabilidad de ley
locales privados 0 abiertos al público no requieren aviso
previo. Las que se convocan en plazas y vias públicas
6.-A la libertad de creación intelectual, artística y cienti-
exiben anuncio anticipado a la autoridad, la que po-
fica. El Estado propicia el acceso a la cultura y la di-
drá prohibirlas solamente por motivos probados de se-
fusión de ésta.
guridad 0 de sanidad públicas
7.-A la inviolabilidad del domicilio. Nadie puede ingre-
11. asociarse y a crear fundaciones con fines lícitos, sin
sar en él ni efectuar investigaciones 0 registros sin auto-
autorización previa.
rización de la persona que lo habita 0 por mandato ju-
dicial, salvo el caso de flagrante delito 0 de peligro in-
Las personas jurídicas se inscriben en un registro pú-
minente de su perpetración. Las excepciones por mo-
blico. No pueden ser disueltas por resolución adminis-
tivo de sanidad 0 de grave riesgo son reguladas por la
trativa.
ley.
12.-A contratar con fines lícitos. La ley regula el ejercicio
8.-A la inviolabilidad y el secreto de los papeles privados
de esta libertad para salvaguardar los principios de jus-
y de las comunicaciones.
ticia y evitar el abuso del derecho.
La correspondencia sólo puede ser incautada, intercep-
13.-A elegir y ejercer libremente su trabajo, con sujeción
tada 0 abierta por mandamiento motivado del Juez. con
a la ley.
2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
las garantías previstas en la ley. Se guarda secreto de
los asuntos ajenos al hecho que motiva su examen. El
H.-A la propiedad y a la herencia, dentro de la Constitu-
mismo principio se observa con respecto a las comuni-
ción y las leyes.
caciones telegráficas y cablegráficas. Se prohiben la in-
15.-A alcanzar un nivel de vida que le permita asegurar su
terferencia y la intervención de las comunicaciones te-
lefónicas.
bienestar y el de su familia.
7
6
05
16.-A participar, en forma individual 0 asociada, en la vida
e) No hay delito de opinión.
politica, económica, social y cultural de la Nación.
f) Toda persona es considerada inocente mientras no
17.-A guardar reserva sobre sus convecciones políticas, filo-
se haya declarado judicialmente su responsabilidad.
sóficas y religiosas 0 de cualquier otra indole.
g) Nadie puede ser detenido sino por mandamiento es-
18.-A formular peticiones, individual 0 colectivamente, por
crito y motivado del Juez 0 por las autoridades po-
escrito, ante la autoridad competente, la que está obli-
liciales en flagrante delito.
gada a dar al interesado una respuesta también escrita
En todo caso el detenido debe ser puesto, dentro de
dentro del plazo legal. Transcurrido éste, el interesado
veinticuatro horas 0 en el término de la distancia,
16/60/60
puede proceder como si la petición hubiere sido dene-
a disposición del Juzgado que corresponde. Se ex-
gada. Las Fuerzas Armadas y las Fuerzas Policiales no
ceptúan los casos de terrorismo, espionaje y tráfico
pueden ejercer el derecho de petición.
ilícito de drogas en los que las autoridades policia-
les pueden efectuar la detención preventiva de los
19.-A su nacionalidad. Nadie puede ser despojado de ella.
presuntos implicados por m término no mayor de
Tampoco pucde ser privado del derecho de obtener 0
quince días naturales, con cargo de dar cuenta al
renovar su pasaporte dentro 0 fuera del territorio de
Ministerio Público y al Juez, quien puede asumir
la República.
jurisdieción antes de vencido el término.
20.-A la libertad y seguridad personales. En consecuencia:
h) Toda persona será informada inmediatamente y por
escrito de la causa 0 razones de su detención. Tiene
a) Nadie está obligado a hacer lo que la ley no man-
derecho a comunicarse y ser asesorado con un de-
da, ni impedido de hacer lo que ella no prohibe.
fensor de su elección desde que es citado 0 dete-
nido por la autoridad.
b) No se permite forma alguna de restricción de la Ii-
bertad personal, salvo los casos previstos por la ley
i) Nadie puede ser incomunicado sino en caso indis-
Están abolidas la esclavitud, la servidumbre y trata
pensable para el esclarecimiento de un delito y en.
en cualesquiera de sus formas.
la forma y el tiempo previstos por la ley La auto-
ridad está obligada a señalar sin dilación el lugar
c) No hay prisión por deudas. Este principio no limi-
donde se halla la persona detenida, bajo responsa-
ta el mandato judicial por incumplimiento de de-
bilidad.
beres alimentarios.
j) Las declaraciones obtenidas por la violencia care-
d) Nadie será procesado ni condenado por acto u omi-
cen de valor. Quien la emplea incurre en responsa-
WASHINGTON
sión que al tiempo de cometerse no esté previa-
bilidad penal.
mente calificado en la ley, de manera expresa e ine-
quivoca, como infracción punible, ni sancionado con
k) Nadie puede ser obligado a prestar juramento ni
compelido a declarar 0 reconocer culpabilidad en
pena no prevista en la ley.
9
8
06
causa penal contra sí mismo, ni contra su cónyuge
La ley señala las condiciones para establecer el patrimonio
ni sus parientes dentro del cuarto grado de consan-
familiar inembargable, inalienable y trasmisible por berencia.
guinidad 0 segundo de afinidad.
ARTICULO 6°-El Estado ampara la paternidad responsa-
1) Ninguna persona puede ser desviada de la jurisdic-
ble.
ción predeterminada por la ley ni sometida a pro-
cedimientos distintos de los previamente estableci-
Es deber y derecho de los padres alimentar, educar y dar
dos, ni juzgada por tribunales de excepción 0 comi-
seguridad a sus hijos, así como los hijos tienen el deber de respe-
siones especiales creadas al efecto, cualquiera que
tar y asistir a sus padres.
sea su denominación. Y
Todos los hijos tienen iguales derechos. Está prohibida toda
mención sobre el estado civil de los padres y la naturaleza de la
II) La amnistía, el indulto, los sobreseimientos definiti-
filiación de los hijos en los registros civiles y en cualquier docu-
06/09/91 11:47
vos y las prescripciones producen los efectos de CO-
mento de identidad.
sa juzgada.
ARTICULO 79-La madre tiene derecho a la protección del
ARTICULO 3º-Los derechos fundamentales rigen también
Estado y a su asistencia en caso de desamparo.
para las personas jurídicas peruanas, en cuanto les son aplica-
bles.
ARTICULO 8°-El niño, el adolescente y el anciano son pro-
ARTICULO 4º-La enumeración de los derechos reconoci-
tegidos por el Estado ante el abandono económico, corporal 0
moral.
dos en este capítulo no excluye los demás que la Constitución
garantiza, ni otros de naturaleza análoga 0 que derivan de la dig-
nidad del hombre, del principio de soberanía del pueblo, del Es-
ARTICULO 99-La unión estable de un varón y una mujer,
tado social y democrático de derecho y de la forma republicana
libres de impedimento matrimonial, que forman un hogar de lie-
cho por el tiempo y en las condiciones que señala la ley, da lu-
de gobierno.
gar a una sociedad de bienes que se sujeta al régimen de la so-
ciedad de gananciales en cuanto es aplicable.
CAPITULO II
ARTICULO 10°-Es derecho de la familia contar con una
vivienda decorosa.
DE LA FAMILIA
ARTICULO 11º-La familia que no dispone de medios eco-
D) 59 WASHINGTON LEPRU
ARTICULO 5°-EI Estado protege el matrimonio y la fami-
lia como sociedad natural e institución fundamental de la Na-
nómicos suficientes, tiene derecho a que sus muertos sean sepul-
ción.
tados gratuitamente en cementerios públicos.
Las formas de matrimonio y las causas de separación y diso-
lución son reguladas por la ley.
10
11
07
HIMNO NACIONAL
DEL
PERÚ
MUSICA DEL MAESTRO
José Bernardo Alzedo
1821
Restaurado Armonizado é Instrumentado
CON PLENA APROBACION DEL AUTOR
POR
CLAUDIO REBAGLIATI
1869
1901
Reducción para Piano
Editores: Gulliermo Brandes & Co., S.A.
ESPADEROS 529 - LIMA
09/09/91 11:48
2 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
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EL HIMNO NACIONAL
Lima, 8 de Mayo de 1901.
Visto el memorial presentado por el profesor de música don Clau dio
Rebaglisti, manifestando: que la canción nacional del Perú, compuesta
por el maestro don Joré Bernardo Alcedo y adopteds por el Supre mo
Gobierno en 1821, ha sido adulterada deade entonces, por no haber exis-
tido sino URA partitura para bandss militares, y que en 1869, nn pudien-
do el muestro Alcedo, por su avanzada edad escribir en forms is música
del himno, comisionó al recurrente profesor Rebaglisti conese propósito,
obteniendo en reguida el trabajo de Este la plena aprobación de aquel, y
TENIENOO EN CONSIDERACION:
Que la comisión nombrada por el Ministerio de Gobierno, en 13 de
Abril de 1900, compuests de los profesores don J M. Valle-Riestra, don
Benjamin Castañeda, don F. Francia, don J. Berriola y don Pedro López
Aliaga, asegura en el informe que corre en estos actundos, que in restau-
ración del himno, hecha por el profesor Rebaglisti, es aceptable, por las
varias razones que aduce, entre ocras, la de hullarse ella conforme con
una cartina del puño del maestro Alcedo, proporcionada A la comisión
por el profesor don Francisco Filomeno; y
Que es necesatio poner fin a les alteraciones exprichesss heches en la
canción nacional, para que se conserve tal como fue arregiada por su
autor:
Sz RESUELVE!
1ª-Apruébase la restauración de la música del himno patrio llevada
X cabo por el profesor don Claudio Rebagliati y que aparece de los tres
ejemplares acompañados, los que BC archivation en el Ministerio de Go.
bierno, para que posteriormente sirven de base de confrontación y de
garantia de autenticidad;
2°- En los actos oficiales no podrá entonarse otro himno que el
sprobado por esta resolución. el que une vez editado escrupulosamente,
será remitido # todas las prefectures para los fines consiguientes.
Registrese, comuniquese y publiquese:
Róbrica de S. E.-ZAPATA.
Lima, 30 de Abril de 1946.
Vista la precedente solicitud de la firma Guillermo Brandes y Co., S. A.,
para se le autorice a editar y poner a la venta la reducción para pia.
no del Himno Nacional, según el ejemplar oficial que acompaña, y es-
tando S lo que dispone el Estatuto del Consejo Directive de In Cultura
Musical vigente,
Sz RESUELVE:
Autorizar a la firma Guillermo Brandes y Co., S. A., para que pro-
ceda & dicha edición y vents, con in obligación de sujerarse estrictamen-
is a las pautas que indica el ejemplar de la edición oficial de 1901 que
acompaña, el cual deberá llever el sello de la Presidencia del Consejo, y
disponer que la nueva lieve impresa la presente autorización.
MANUEL MONCLOA O.
Vice-Presidente del Conselo Directive de in
Cultura Musical encargado de is Presidencia.
CARLOS RAYGADA
Secretario.
09/09/91 11:49
= 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
10
HIMNO NACIONAL DEL PERU
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Música del Maestro
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on piena aprobacion del autor, por
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2 2026598124 LEPRU WASHINGTON
12
1/00 ANIVERSARIU VL LA
EMBASSY OF PERU
INDEPENDENCIA
NACIONAL
WASHINGTON, 20036
1821 - 1991
Letra del Himno Nacional del Perú
Ley N° 1801
26 Febrero 1913.
CORO
Somos libres, seámalos siempre,
y antes niegue SUS luces el Sol,
Que faltemos al voto solemne
Que la Patria al Eterno elevó.
ESTROFAS
Largo tiempo el peruano oprimido
la ominosa cadena arrastró;
condenado a cruel servidumbre
largo tiempo en silencio gimió.
Mas apenas el grito sagrado
Libertad en sus costas se oyó,
F
la indolencia de esclavo sacude,
la humillada cerviz levantó.
Ya el estruendo de.broncas cadenas
que escuchamos tres siglos de horror,
de los libres al grito sagrado
que 0y6 atónico et mundo, cesó.
Por doquier, San Martin inflamado,
libertad, libertad, pronunció,
y meciendo su base los Andes
la anunciaron, también, a una voz.
Con su influjo los pueblos despiertan
y cual rayo corrió la opinion;
desde el istmo & las tierras del fuego
desde el fuego a la helada región.
Todos juran romper el enlace
que natura a ambos mundos negó,
y quebrar ese cetro que España
reclinaba orgullosa en los dos.
Lima cumple ese voto solemne,
y, severa, su enojo mostró,
al tirano impotente lanzando,
que intentaba alargar su opresión.
A su esfuerzo saltaron los grillos
y los surcos que en si reparó,
le atizaron el odio y venganza
que heredera de su Inca y Señor.
Compatriutas, no más verla esclava
si humillada tres siglos gimió,
para siempre jurémosia libre
manteniendo su propio esplendor.
Nuestros brazos, hasta hoy desarmados
estén siempre cebando el cañón,
que algún día las playas de Iberia.
sentirán de su estruendo el terror.
En su cima los Andes sostengan
la bandera 0 pendón bicolor,
que a los siglos anuncie el esfuerzo
que ser libre, por siempre nos dió.
A su sombra vivamos tranquilos,
y al nacer por sus cumbres el sol,
renovemos el gran juramento
que rendimos al Dios de Jacob.
246
Public Papers of the Presidents
that the individual is normally concerned with, because foreign affairs
does belong to the President by the Constitution-and they are things
that really require constant governmental action. But for the citizen
himself, this is still to my mind the true, fine way of defining the "middle
of the road." I would like us to make it not just a casual explanation
of what we want to do. We ought to have it as a flaming battle flag at
the highest mast that the Republican Party can put up, and fight for it
always, because this is the way to make this great truth of Lincoln's
popular, understood, and followed.
Thank you very much.
May I add: in the home state of Governor Stratton, and because both
a Governor and a Senator are up for election this year, I want to give
my moral support and every kind of influence that I can honorably give
in favor of Governor Stratton and Mr. Witwer, who are to be elected
along with their congressional colleagues.
I wanted to get that plug in.
Thank you again.
NOTE: The President spoke at the Morrison Hotel in Chicago.
247
I
Statement by the President Concerning a
Program for the Development of Peru.
July 28, 1960
THE PURPOSES of this program are closely in accord with those which
I had in mind on July II when I stated that a new affirmation of pur-
pose was called for in our cooperation with friendly developing Latin
American countries in their efforts to progress. I stated that the aspira-
tions and needs of the peoples of the Americas for free institutions and a
better way of life must be met, and that among the things I had in mind
were the opening of new areas for settlement and opportunities for free
self-reliant men to own their own land and their own homes.
The Government of Peru has succeeded in establishing internal financial
stability and strengthening its economy, essential foundations for ac-
celerated economic and social progress. It has established a concrete
program to achieve such progress and it will dedicate substantial re-
sources to this end. Its program is to open for settlement virgin lands
6o6
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960
248
in the rich Upper Selva, to make better use of land now under cultivation,
and to give urban working families the opportunity to own their own
homes.
Representatives of the Export-Import Bank, the Development Loan
Fund, the International Cooperation Administration, and the Depart-
ment of State recently visited Peru and discussed the details of this
program with President Prado, Prime Minister Beltran, Cabinet Ministers
and other officials responsible for the program. They personally inspected,
from the air and on the ground, typical areas already settled and to be
settled, and urban areas where new homes are being built for workers
and their families.
NOTE: The statement was released at
for land development and low-cost
Denver, Colo., following the announce-
housing.
ment of a loan of $53.2 million to Peru
For the President's statement of July
11, see Item 228.
248
I
Exchange of Messages Between the
President and President Nkrumah on the Airlift of
Ghanaian Forces to the Congo. July 31, 1960
Dear Mr. President:
Thank you very much for your letter of July twenty-seventh expressing
your thanks for the assistance which my Government has been able to
provide in airlifting from Accra to Leopoldville Ghanaian forces con-
tributed to the United Nations. The prompt and generous manner in
which your Government made its forces available in response to the
appeal of the United Nations is deserving of the highest praise.
I agree with you that the United Nations action in the Congo is a most
heartening demonstration of the effectiveness with which the world com-
munity can cooperate.
The American Government is particularly gratified that it has been
able to play a part in this operation, and I want to thank you for the
indispensable assistance Ghana has given United States aircraft operat-
ing through Accra, not only those transporting Ghanaian troops but also
those making transit stops with Moroccan and Tunisian forces. This
splendid support has been a vital element in the success of our common
effort.
607
John F. Kennedy, 1962
Aug. I [316]
by this Government. I think that if we pro-
assurances of the junta that free elections
ceed on the basis that we are, that by the
would be carried out in a period of time, and
end of next year, if our exports maintain
we are anxious that some clear assurances be
their present rise and our wage-price struc-
given that there will be-that they will abide
ture remains the same as it is now, relative
by the results of these elections.
to Europe, that we can bring this into
We had relations with President Prado's
balance.
government. When that government was
[20.] Q. Mr. President, after the resig-
overthrown and the President imprisoned, it
nation of General Norstad was announced,
was quite natural that we would reexamine
there have been many speculations in Europe
our relations. That reexamination is going
that there may occur a complete change in
on and we have been encouraged by those
American strategy going as far as to a nu-
signs which I've named and we hope that
clear engagement. Could you comment on
there will be other evidences that there will
that?
be a return to constitutional free government,
THE PRESIDENT. I can't understand possi-
which is the object of the Alliance for
bly how anyone could come to that con-
Progress.
clusion. General Norstad requested that he
[22.] Q. Mr. President, with regard to
be permitted to resign. He'd held the posi-
the fallout which has been discovered in milk
tion for a great many years. The Chairman
in Utah, has your administration planned
of our Joint Chiefs, General Lemnitzer-
any precautionary steps and, specifically, will
there may be those who for their own reasons
there be more air bursts in Nevada?
wish to put this story out, but there is no
THE PRESIDENT. Any radioactive materials
evidence for it. General Lemnitzer will
that come from the tests in Nevada have
carry on the policies of the United States
been dissipated, or if they have not com-
Government the same way as General Nor-
pletely been dissipated, will be very immedi-
stad has done. So those rumors are wholly
ately.
unfounded, wholly untrue, and the slightest
Now, secondly, I am not aware of any
check by those who transmit them through
further test-in fact, there are not any fur-
Europe would demonstrate that they are un-
ther tests in Nevada.
founded. I can assure you we are continu-
[23.]. Q. Mr. President, although there
ing our defense of Europe. And I've said
are not going to be any celebrations on this
before, we cannot maintain the defense of
first anniversary of the Alianza para el
Europe without also maintaining our nuclear
Progreso, do you feel satisfied or pleased with
strength on which this administration has
the rate of progress so far obtained by the
spent a good deal of additional funds. So I
Alianza, by the Alliance for Progress?
can assure you that the stories are untrue,
THE PRESIDENT. Measured by all that has
though I have some idea of where they come
to be done, I think we have to do much
from and why.
better, but that is the point of Ambassador
[21.] Q. Mr. President, can you tell us
Moscoso's determination to mark the day
if you consider the developments in Peru
rather than celebrate it.
encouraging toward the point of our recog-
[24.] Q. Mr. President, is it correct to
nizing the new government there? And
infer from your earlier remarks on drugs
also, is there any comment you'd like to
that you would like to see reversed the pres-
make on the discussion of your policy toward
ent situation whereby pharmaceutical houses
Peru?
are able to distribute drugs on an experi-
THE PRESIDENT. We are encouraged by the
mental basis through doctors without Fed-
release of President Prado. We are encour-
eral approval?
aged by the fact that civil liberties have been
THE PRESIDENT. I would like to see-I
restored. We've been encouraged by the
think that we can administratively improve
597
John F. Kennedy, 1962
July 23 [302]
f the conference
some of our major companies are making
their economic and social development pro-
the highest profits in their history. In fact,
grams?
as you know, General Motors, RCA, and
THE PRESIDENT. Well, what concerns me
undertaken, and
others were far beyond-50 to 75 percent
is not only this question of whether suffi-
lion into Europe
above last year. There are encouraging
cient aid has been given. As you know,
e not requesting
indications-auto sales, consumer purchases
actually there hasn't been aid in the sense
to meet their re-
have held up. Investment is down. Hous-
that we understand it. There've been some
a defense, as we
ing has been down. They've been, as I say,
long-term loans, but at reasonably high rates
a mixed bag, and I think we can get a better
of interest. What has concerned us most
We spend $1.5
look at where we're moving when we get
about Latin America has been the fact that
Europe and the
hirty percent of
the July figures in early August.
these countries are nearly all of them de-
O is paid for by
[8.] Q. Mr. President, there's been some
pendent upon very few commodities. Ecua-
it object to that.
confusion over what Arthur Dean did or did
dor itself is dependent really on the export
We are going
not say at Geneva a week ago. I wonder if
of three commodities; these prices have been
g our balance of
you can clarify for us whether he was sug-
dropping in the same way that coffee has
the end of next
gesting that it might be possible to enforce
been dropping. They are dependent upon
who hold dollars
a nuclear test ban without going into the
the European market, and we are concerned
ivestment and-
Soviet Union?
that the Common Market will be open and
ere in the United
THE PRESIDENT. That's not the position
not take restrictive steps against the impor-
billion held by
of the United States at this time. As you
tations from Latin America, which would
know, there has been additional informa-
increase greatly their already very, very seri-
tments overseas.
tion gathered as a result of our underground
ous problems. So that what we are most
:nt country. So
erative effort by
tests, in the ability to detect an underground
concerned about now is not the question of
to maintain this
test at a range, and to distinguish between
aid, but rather that Europe will be open to
an underground test and an earthquake.
the commodities of Latin America-the ba-
upon which so
y is built.
This material which has just come through
nanas, the cocoa, the coffee, and the others
d I think that if
the Defense Department is being studied by
upon which these countries depend. Other-
of this country
the Disarmament Agency, the State Depart-
wise, their foreign exchanges are going to
g its balance of
ment, and the Defense, and whatever infor-
drop out of sight and you're going to have
h it will do, I
mation we have will be made available to
more and more desperate internal situations.
: the dollar is a
the disarmament conference at Geneva very
So we're asking Europe to make the Com-
d as gold.
shortly. The national governmental con-
mon Market, as I've said from the begin-
siderations of this information should be
ning, an increasingly open institution which
a great many
nion of the do-
concluded by the end of this week. It is
radiates prosperity, and not a closed shop
a give us your
information which is in a sense encouraging
with particular ties to former colonial pos-
as to our ability to distinguish. But whether
sessions in Africa. But this is, of course, a
k that-as you
we can do-the range at which we can do
matter we must negotiate with the Western
ions which are
it, the sharpness of the distinction, what
Europeans, and I'm sure that Monsieur
ions which are
kind of instruments would be required,
Monnet and others who have been so in-
the beginning
what would be the role of inspectors them-
strumental in developing the Common Mar-
y get a better
selves-those will have to wait until our
ket, share this view of an expanding free
ions the Con-
conclusions in the next few days.
world economy.
ild take when
[9.] Q. Mr. President, I think you wel-
[10.] Q. Mr. President, some have criti-
e can make a
comed the President of Ecuador to Wash-
cized the administration for withholding
to whether we
ington today, and you mentioned a moment
aid from the military dictatorship which
his is a period
ago the expense of this Government in the
has taken over Peru, and at the same time
gorous Execu-
defense of Europe. I wondered if you feel
asking Congress for permission to give aid
profit reports
that countries such as Ecuador and others
at your discretion to Communist dictator-
! showed that
are getting enough help from Europe in
ships such as Yugoslavia and Poland. Do
571
[302] July 23
Public Papers of the Presidents
We have
you feel free to discuss with us reasons for
age the integration of those areas on a
Union. I
this distinction?
reasonable and responsible basis. The
THE PRESIDENT. Well, at the present time
United States stands very strongly behind
present tin
lem is that
the President of Peru is imprisoned. Presi-
that policy and I'm hopeful that under the
We unders.
dent Prado, who was a guest of this Gov-
leadership of U Thant we can make that
ernment a short while ago, and who was
policy effective, with the support of Mr.
Q. In the
tell us any!
a guest of Franklin D. Roosevelt during
Adoula and Mr. Tshombe, who will come
bassador D
World War II, is in prison. We are anxious
to see that together this country can be
was the be
to see a return to constitutional forms in
viable, and separate it will be chaotic.
direct cons
Peru, and therefore until we know what
[12.] Q. Mr. President, Dr. Martin
Ambassado.
is going to happen in Peru, we are prudent
Luther King said yesterday that you could
THE PRES
in making our judgments as to what we
do more in the area of moral persuasion
bassador
shall do.
by occasionally speaking out against segre-
Khrushche\
We think it's in our national interest,
gation and counseling the Nation on the
and I think the aid we're giving in the
moral aspects of this problem. Would you
frequently.
in order to
other areas is in our national interest, be-
comment on this, sir?
said for a ]
cause we feel that this hemisphere can
THE PRESIDENT. I made it very clear that
only be secure and free with democratic
I'm for every American citizen having his
tory, partic:
governments. We wish that were true be-
Constitutional rights, and the United States
dangers of
Government under this administration has
with each (
hind the Iron Curtain, and it is to en-
other. The
courage a trend in that direction that we
taken a whole variety of very effective steps
have the cl
have given some assistance in the past, and
to improve the equal opportunities for all
tion and of
advocate it now.
Americans, and will continue to do so.
I think, he
[II.] Q. Mr. President, the Congo ap-
[13.] Q. Mr. President, in the absence
of any agreement on Berlin, could you dis-
also they a
pears to be receding rather than progress-
ing towards integration.
cuss with us what the consequences might
an expositi
be were the Russians to go ahead now and
will contint
THE PRESIDENT. That is correct.
Q. Do you have thoughts on this and
sign a separate peace treaty with East
[14.] (
Gallup's la
what might possibly be done?
Germany?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we have been very
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I would rather not
in pro-Rep
West and
concerned about the Congo because we have
look into that clouded crystal ball because,
been unable to reach an accord between
of course, our rights to Berlin are based
your popu
Do you ha
the Katanga and the Government of the
upon World War II and the agreements
for this ph
Congo and all-and time is not running
coming out of World War II, and are not
it bother y.
in favor of the Adoula Government. It
subject to unilateral abrogation. But I think
now a mic
has very little funds. The great resources
I'd rather talk about what we can do to
THE PRI
of the Congo are in the Katanga. Mr.
work out an equitable solution rather than
dropped F
Tshombe and Mr. Adoula have been un-
to talk about what might happen under
able to get together. This is very, very
these conditions. At the present time we
percent.
serious. The Union Minière, the company
are still talking with the Soviet Union, still
percent af
session I
which controls these vast resources in the
negotiating, and I think that we ought to
continue on that track as long as we possibly
my respo
Katanga, pays its taxes just to the Katanga,
not to the central government. It leaves
can before we consider where we are going
ple are, ra
many issue
Mr. Adoula without resources. It has weak-
to go on other roads.
on these i
ened his position and I think that those
Q. Mr. President, are you making any
creasingly
who are sympathetic to the Katanga's ef-
progress toward a direct telephone line to
So I drop:
fort are liable to find complete chaos in
Mr. Khrushchev for use in case of emer-
ably drop
the rest of the Congo. So that I support
gency?
the United Nations effort there to encour-
THE PRESIDENT. I have not done that, no.
is any doul
572
[318] Aug. IO
Public Papers of the Presidents
So I am hopeful that the meeting will be
Can you tell us what that problem is in a
successful. I am hopeful that the country
little detail and what is being done to im-
and the people of this hemisphere will look
prove the situation?
at what's going on there, because that is the
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think he also ex-
most significant event of recent weeks.
pressed satisfaction that some progress was
[12.] Q. Sir, have you asked your aides,
being made. One of the problems, of
or your science aides, to prepare for you
course, is that nearly every international
some kind of a study on whether a greater
problem involves several governmental agen-
focus can be put in our space efforts in some
cies: certainly the Defense Department,
possible arrangement similar to the Man-
State, and in many cases at least one other
hattan project during the last war?
agency. And therefore, the problem of CO-
THE PRESIDENT. We are now attempting
ordinating these different agencies in an
to devote-we are spending as much money
effective way represents a major problem of
and devoting as large a percentage of scien-
administration. We have, of course, as you
tific personnel, engineering and all the rest,
know, on a number of the most important
as we possibly can to the space program.
international problems that we faced, set up
We are constantly concerned with speeding
task forces which meet frequently and ren-
it up. We are making what I consider to
der at least weekly reports to the NSC, but
be a maximum effort.
it's a matter of constant concern, though I
It may be possible to improve it as we
think we have improved our techniques
go along and we will attempt to do so. But
recently.
we asked for all the money for this program
[15.] Q. Mr. President, several congres-
that those in positions of responsibility felt
sional committees have issued reports that
could be usefully employed for this purpose,
were quite critical of the handling of for-
because beyond this we begin to get into
eign aid in the past. in Peru and Laos
diminishing returns on personnel and all
specifically, and they centered much of their
the rest.
attention on two or three individuals: Mr.
We may be able to improve it and if we
Theodore Achilles, Mr. Rollin Atwood,
can, we will, but it is our hope to make the
Mr. Graham Parsons, who still have some
largest possible effort.
positions of some responsibility in the Gov-
[13.] Q. Mr. President, if fighting
ernment. I wonder if you contemplate,
should break out over Berlin, that is, if
or your administration contemplates, any
peace efforts fail, do you believe it can be
action-removal of these individuals from
limited to a conventional war or would it
positions of responsibility, or any studies of
lead to the use of nuclear weapons?
their role today, and do you have any
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we are hopeful that
specific plans for tighter administration of
we would be able to reach peaceful solu-
these programs in the light of the past
tions to these problems.
record?
[14.] Q. Mr. President, the Budget Di-
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I am hopeful, if we
rector testified at the Capitol a week ago and
are able to secure passage of legislation now
said that your administration was a little
before the Congress, that our administra-
unhappy with the policy planning and the
tion will be more effective. In addition,
generation of ideas in the State and Defense
we hope to bring in, if we are effective in
Departments and cooperation between them.
the Congress, 5 new area administrators,
558
John F. Kennedy, 1961
Aug. IO [318]
and between 45 and 50 new country heads,
the key be held by those inside the cabin so
into the administration of foreign aid. Now,
that pressure cannot be put on the members
on the three names you gave me, I am
of the crew outside to have the door opened.
familiar with two of them. One of them
In addition, I am hopeful that govern-
is an Ambassador now to Sweden, and the
ments everywhere will use their maximum
other is at work here in the State Depart-
influence to discourage this kind of action
ment, and I am not informed about the
which endangers the lives of the crew and
third. I am not aware of anything in their
of the people involved, and which is an
records that throws any question, of course,
exercise in futility. And that is the view of
on their integrity, and we are satisfied that
this Government and we will take every
they can meet the responsibilities which they
means that we can to prevent not only the
now hold.
hijacking of our own planes but the hi-
[16.] Q. Mr. President, would you give
jacking of other planes. I'm hopeful that
us your views on the latest hijacking plane
all concerned will do the same. It just en-
incidents involving-
dangers the lives of people who should be
THE PRESIDENT. The Cuban one or the
protected.
American one?
[17.] Q. Mr. President, there seems to
Q. Both. [Laughter]
be some doubt in the country as to whether
THE PRESIDENT. It's my understanding
the Russians really did put two men in orbit
that the hijacking which took place yester-
around the earth, as they have claimed. Are
day of the American plane was done by a-
you satisfied from the evidence available
at least the information I had before I came
to you that they did do what they said they
in-by a Frenchman who had been treated
did?
earlier this year for mental aberrations at
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Bellevue. The hijacking a week ago was
Q. Mr. President, after this latest Soviet
done once again by two men, one of whom
space effort, Senator Long of Missouri,
had also been treated for mental weakness.
among others, said that the real problem
It does indicate that the lunatic fringe,
was not our present space effort but the lack
those who are desirous of seeing their names
of young Americans going into science. He
in the paper, and all of the rest, have seized
pointed out that the Soviets are still grad-
upon this technique.
uating three times as many scientists as we
I am, of course, wholeheartedly opposed to
are. Can you, sir, see anything that the
it. I am hopeful that we can make it possi-
Government can and is doing to step up
ble to work out satisfactory procedures so
this problem?
that every government involved takes steps
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we are hopeful that
to prevent hijacking which endangers the
we can secure the passage of the Aid to
lives of innocent people.
Education Act as well as the NDEA, both
Now, let me say that we are-have ordered
of which offer scholarships to talented young
today on a number of our planes a border
men and women, and that we can increase
patrolman who will ride on a number of
the number of scientists who may be
our flights. We are also going to insist
graduated.
that every airplane lock its door, and that
In addition, of course, we have a good
the door be strong enough to prevent
many very talented scientists, but we did not
entrance by force, and that the possession of
make a major effort in this area for many
559
John F. Kennedy, 1961
Sept. I9 [372]
371
Statement by the President Announcing the First Public
Housing Loan for Families on an Indian Reservation.
September 19, 1961
I CONGRATULATE the Oglala Sioux
Indian Affairs. I said then that, if elected,
Housing Authority and Mrs. McGuire, the
I intended to "make the benefits of the Fed-
Public Housing Commissioner, and Hous-
eral housing programs available to Indians."
ing Administrator Robert Weaver, in work-
At that time I said: "Housing conditions on
ing out this project to enable Federal
Indian reservations are a national shame."
assistance to be used for the decent housing
The Public Housing Administration, in
of our Indian families as it has been used
approving this project, has opened the door
for so many others.
to better housing for many of our low-
This is the first use of public housing aid
income Indian families at prices and in-
to meet the needs of our Indians and it is
terest rates they can afford, and I hope that
long overdue. It expresses our determina-
similar developments will in due time be
tion to extend the benefits of Federal Hous-
planned by other Indian reservations.
ing aids to all Americans. And certainly
NOTE: In the third paragraph the President referred
these Indian families are the first who can
to statements made in a letter, dated October 28,
claim their rights as Americans.
1960, to Mr. Oliver La Farge, President of the
The extension of the public housing pro-
Association of American Indian Affairs. The text
is published in "The Speeches of Senator John F.
gram to our Indian reservations is a prac-
Kennedy, Presidential Campaign of 1960" (Senate
tical fulfillment of the promise I made last
Report 994, Part I, p. 801, 87th Cong., Ist sess.).
October to the Association of American
372 Remarks of Welcome to President Prado of Peru at the
Washington National Airport.
September
19,
1961
President and Señora Prado:
country in order to express our appreciation
I want to express my great pleasure on
and esteem for him for the leadership which
behalf of the people of the United States in
he had taken in this hemisphere in the fight
welcoming you here.
against the Axis.
History has a strange rhythm. History
His strong support in many public
does repeat itself, even if sometimes in a
forums, his willingness to commit his coun-
slightly different form. And it is a striking
try to this great struggle, all of these facts
fact that in 1942 President Prado was one
are remembered now, as in 1961, nearly
of the first, if not the first, of the demo-
20 years later, President Prado of Peru comes
cratically elected leaders of the Latin Amer-
again to the United States on an official
ican Republics to visit the United States on
visit.
an official visit.
The Presidents are different. The times
The United States was then engaged in
have changed. The adversaries take a dif-
war, and yet President Roosevelt wanted
ferent form. But I believe in a very real
President Prado of Peru to come to our
sense that both Peru and the United States,
607
[372] Sept. I9
Public Papers of the Presidents
still standing shoulder to shoulder, fight for
me, in which you express the noble sentiments of
We are delighted th
the same things, and that is: a world at peace,
the American people for Peru.
also here, occupying
This is not the first time that I have had the
life of our city and
a world of law, a world which permits us to
privilege of visiting the United States as the Presi-
develop in our respective countries a better
dent of my country. I came to Washington initially
looking forward to yo
life for our people, which uses the advantages
in 1942 as the guest of my friend, President Roose-
enough to permit hir
velt. I arrived here during the most difficult days
bassador of Nicaragu
of science to build life instead of to destroy
of World War II, and I was pleased to bear a mes-
which he wishes to h
it.
sage of solidarity from my country.
I return today, almost 20 years later, under cir-
but we expect to see h
President Prado is the first leader of a
cumstances in which we are faced with a new
welcoming the visitin
Latin. American Republic to come to this
crisis in history. I am in spirit as before, with the
same ideals of liberty and respect for human dignity.
Also, Mr. President
country in this new administration. The
good-neighbor policy has passed into his-
I am equally moved by a desire to fortify hemisphere
you and the Minister 1
solidarity and fraternal relations between the United
tory. We have sought to replace it by a
you really are in a se
States and Peru.
the free world who
partnership, North and South, an alliance for
I also seek means of closing ground against ag-
gression from abroad, and against infiltration by
responsibility during
the progress of our people.
foreign and disruptive ideologies.
War, and who now toc
We in this country esteem our friends.
Most of all I want my greeting to the people of
We have a long memory, Mr. President.
the United States to contain a sense of faith in
moment occupies a po
democratic institutions, and an expression of con-
responsibility.
And therefore, standing as I do where 20
viction that through the cooperation of the free
I do not know any
years ago my distinguished predecessor
nations we shall succeed in defeating the attempt
at Communist domination, and in turn assure the
with the possible exce
stood, I extend to you a warm personal wel-
world a future of peace, justice, and progress.
Gaulle, who played
come, and I hope in extending this welcome
Mr. President, I. want to thank you very much for
Second World War W
to you that the people of your country will
your noble words about my international policies
and for my personal actions in my country, and the
figure in mobilizing
realize that we hold them in the strongest
international support with your country and the
hemisphere in the figl
bonds of friendship.
allies in the Second World War; and now in this
and who now bears the
NOTE: President Prado responded as follows:
moment you and your people can be sure that Peru
I sincerely appreciate, Mr. President, the very
is solidly on your side.
almost 20 years later.
As I said at the air
warm greetings which you have just extended to
the first among the V
cratically elected Pre
373 Toasts of the President and President Prado.
American Republics W
try. It is a great ple.
September 19, 1961
also come as the first
Ladies and gentlemen:
Europeans, but I think that that is only
hemisphere in this ne
I know that I speak on behalf of all of
because we have failed to recognize the ex-
And finally, Mr. Pr
you in expressing our warm welcome to our
traordinary adventure and courage of these
your life has had a CO
distinguished guests from our sister Republic
Spaniards who came to Florida and Louisi-
always true of those
of Peru. We are delighted to welcome Pres-
ana and Texas and all through the South-
profession. You were
ident Prado and Señora Prado for many
west United States, and whose confreres
in your youth. You
reasons. One of the reasons is because I do
also went and established their life in Peru.
in exile in Paris. Yo
not think that we in the United States have
So that we feel, Mr. President, that we are
fight against Fascisn
been as conscious as we should be of the
also descendants. While from a mixed cul-
leader in the fight ag:
common inheritance which we in this coun-
ture, we also, I hope, can claim that we are
you are where you 1
try have with Spaniards who came not only
descendants in a sense from the same strains
your country's status
to the United States but also to Peru. We
and cultures which have distinguished your
cause in which we
regard ourselves as descendant from mostly
own country.
608
John F. Kennedy, 1961
Sept. I9 [373]
We are delighted that your Ambassador is
for what you stood for as a young man in
also here, occupying a special place in the
Peru. You stand for the Western World.
life of our city and country. I have been
You have in the Prado doctrine carried out
looking forward to your retaining him long
the most important principles of the ties
enough to permit him to succeed the Am-
between the Atlantic Community and the
bassador of Nicaragua. This is an honor
American Republics.
which he wishes to have passed from him,
Therefore, Mr. President, here tonight we
but we expect to see him at every plane and
honor you, as you were honored by Presi-
welcoming the visiting dignitaries.
dent Roosevelt 20 years ago. We honor
Also, Mr. President, we are glad to have
your country. We are delighted to have
you and the Minister here because, as I said,
you in this year of 1961.
you really are in a sense the only leader of
As my American colleagues will all
the free world who occupied a position of
testify, we have a particular appreciation
responsibility during the Second World
for our friends, and therefore I hope that
War, and who now today at this most crucial
all of you will join me in drinking to the
moment occupies a position of commanding
people of Peru and to the President of Peru
responsibility.
and Señora Prado.
I do not know anyone in the free world,
NOTE: The President proposed the toast at a state
with the possible exception of General de
dinner at the White House.
Gaulle, who played a leading role in the
President Prado responded as follows:
Second World War who was a most active
"Mr. President, Mrs. Kennedy:
"Mrs. Prado and I wish to extend to you both
figure in mobilizing the Republics of this
our appreciation for this magnificent reception:
hemisphere in the fighting against Fascism,
Your warm hospitality is a reflection of the sincere
and who now bears the great responsibility,
cordiality with which the American people are
receiving us.
almost 20 years later.
"Your very kind invitation for a state visit to
As I said at the airport, you were if not
the country of Washington and Lincoln provides
the first among the very first of the demo-
me with an opportunity to tell you, Mr. President,
and through you to your fellow citizens, that my
cratically elected Presidents of the Latin
government is devoted to the democratic way of
American Republics who came to this coun-
life. It is loyal to its international commitments
try. It is a great pleasure that you should
and to the cause of peace. It remains allied with
the United States of America.
also come as the first state visitor from this
"It is prepared to share in the common effort
hemisphere in this new administration.
to raise the standard of living of the hemisphere,
And finally, Mr. President, may I say that
and to promote economic and social development.
Furthermore, it is determined to contribute toward
your life has had a consistency which is not
repelling aggression from abroad, and combating
always true of those of us who follow our
Communist infiltration in the Western Hemisphere.
profession. You were a revolutionary figure
It is equally resolved to help countries in other
continents resist firmly the daily threat of totali-
in your youth. You spent almost a decade
tarian domination.
in exile in Paris. You were a leader in the
"The identity of ideals, which you and I are
fight against Fascism. You have been a
defending, gives my visit all of the aspects of a
frank and firm friendship. I am sure, Mr. Presi-
leader in the fight against communism, and
dent, that the results will be beneficial for both
you are where you began: a defender of
countries and will open a new stage of under-
your country's stature, a defender of the
standing and cooperation between the United States
and Peru, and which will be ever closer and ever
cause in which we all believe. You stand
more fruitful.
609
[373] Sept. I9
Public Papers of the Presidents
"I thank you again, Mr. President, for your very
During the President's remarks he referred to
services, services t.
kind and generous expressions about my person-
the Peruvian Ambassador, Fernando Berckemeyer,
Americans in man
ality. I thank you very much.
to succeed the Nicaraguan Ambassador, Dr. Guil-
"Ladies and gentlemen, I propose a toast to the
lermo Sevilla-Sacasa as Dean of the Diplomatic
eries, services for 1
United States, to its increasing greatness within a
Corps; and to Arturo Garcia, Minister Counselor at
care for our aging
free America, and to President Kennedy and to the
the Peruvian Embassy.
and the handicap]
charming First Lady."
and women in uni
ties help for the !
374 Statement by the President Upon Signing Bill Extending the
ticular importance
Federal Airport Act. September 20, 1961
will help young P
today so that they
I AM HAPPY to approve this extension
be required in airport projects; and there
the future. The
of the Federal Airport Act. This program
is a special fund to develop airports to serve
together Americar
is vital to our economy, our defense, and
private flying and thus relieve congestion
in a great nation
the growth and safety of our aviation
at busy airports serving commercial airlines.
gether, they plan 1
industry.
Ever-increasing safety of transportation
I think they rene
I am particularly gratified by the action
must be a continuing goal. I have directed
concern. The U
of Congress in providing the Administra-
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
come not merely
tor of the Federal Aviation Agency with
Agency to establish priorities among proj-
munity will but it
the funds necessary to execute grant agree-
ects based on safety considerations and to
the strength and fi
ments over a three-year period. Such long-
develop a classification system for civil air-
liam Bradford wh
term assurance is essential if the States and
ports based on suitability for safe use by
outh Colony, wa
local communities are to plan their airport
various kinds of traffic as a part of the
programs effectively.
national system.
The bill also includes many new safety
376 Joint St
NOTE: The bill extending the Federal Airport Act
provisions. Airport landing aids will now
is Public Law 87-255 (75 Stat. 255).
Peru.
DR. MANUEL
375 Remarks Recorded for the Opening of the United Community
Republic of Peru
the United States
Campaigns. September 20, 1961
dent Kennedy, W
My fellow Americans:
of our neighbors. Now life in America has
the already frien
I welcome the opportunity to speak to you
become more complicated. Our country has
tween the two C
in behalf of the United Campaign across the
grown so large, people move so frequently
this objective, th
country. No value is more deeply ingrained
from home to home, community to commu-
conversations ch
in our national life than that of community
nity, that we have lost some of this tradition.
cordiality, frank
responsibility. In our earliest days of the
I believe that one of the most valuable ways
They discussed
nation, in the small communities of James-
that we can maintain it, one of the most
lateral interest
town and Plymouth, all the way to the west-
valuable means by which we can help our
problems in in
ern frontier, Americans helped each other
fellow Americans, is through the United
The Presider
build their lives, their communities, their
Community Campaigns.
firmed their ad.
homes. This has been a valuable part of our
This year there are over 2200 United
the Alliance for
national experience. This country grew
Funds and Community Chests in 50 States.
great importanc
great by individual effort, but it was com-
They are attempting to raise $478 million
development of
bined with a generous response to the needs
for nearly 30,000 State and local voluntary
achieve growin
610
John F. Kennedy, 1961
Sept. 2I [376]
services, services that will help our fellow
of this country, nearly three and a half
Americans in many, many ways: day nurs-
centuries ago in Massachusetts Bay, said,
eries, services for homeless children, special
"As one small candle may light a thousand,
care for our aging citizens, care of the sick
so the light here kindled has shone unto
and the handicapped, help for young men
many, yea, in some sort to the whole nation."
and women in uniform, in many communi-
I hope this year we can light many candles.
ties help for the Red Cross. I attach par-
This is the emblem for the Community
ticular importance to those programs which
Funds across the Nation this year-a young
will help young people meet their problems
child who needs your help. I'm confident
today so that they can build a better life for
that in these great days of our country that
the future. The United Campaign brings
all Americans will respond to this request.
together Americans of all races and all creeds
I congratulate Mr. Ford, the national chair-
in a great national effort. They work to-
man. I wish him and all those who are
gether, they plan together and by this means
working so hard in this great cause the best
I think they renew a sense of community
possible success.
concern. The United Campaign can be-
NOTE: The President's remarks were broadcast over
come not merely an expression of com-
the major networks at approximately 9:55 p.m. At
munity will but it's also a means of building
the close of his remarks the President referred to
the strength and future of our Nation. Wil-
Benson Ford, vice president of the Ford Motor Com-
pany, who served as national chairman of the
liam Bradford who helped found the Plym-
United Community Campaigns of America.
outh Colony, way back in the beginning
376 Joint Statement Following Discussions With the President of
Peru. September 21, 1961
DR. MANUEL PRADO, President of the
and continuing improvement in living stand-
Republic of Peru, is making a state visit to
ards, and thus to satisfy the urgent aspira-
the United States at the invitation of Presi-
tions of its peoples for a more equitable par-
dent Kennedy, with a view to strengthening
ticipation in the life of their countries. Each
the already friendly relations prevailing be-
Latin American country must therefore con-
tween the two countries. In keeping with
centrate increasing efforts and make greater
this objective, the two Presidents have held
sacrifice toward such basic development.
conversations characterized by a spirit of
The United States for its part is prepared to
cordiality, frankness and understanding.
assist in the realization of this objective in
They discussed a number of matters of bi-
accordance with the principles established
lateral interest as well as other important
in the Charter of Punta del Este. With this
problems in international relations.
in mind the Presidents considered various
The Presidents in their discussions af-
projects of importance to Peru's economic
firmed their adherence to the principles of
and social development. The United States
the Alliance for Progress. They stressed the
will participate in emergency projects being
great importance of the economic and social
initiated by the Peruvian Government in
development of Latin America in order to
the critical Puno area.
achieve growing economies, with effective
The Presidents agreed that such develop-
611
[376] Sept. 2I
Public Papers of the Presidents
ment in Latin America would be facilitated
principles and a force for harmony in the
civilization t
by the formulation by each country of a
world. Such unity is firmly founded upon
bers.
national development plan to establish its
long historic ties and a community of pur-
In conclus
own goals, priorities and reforms.
pose of the nations of the hemisphere and
reiterated th
They also agreed that only by instituting
on recognition and respect for the distinctive
reforms in such fields as land tenure, tax
national character of each member of the
structure and the utilization of national
American family.
income can the objective of integrated social
377
Lett
As guiding principles governing the
and economic development be achieved.
peaceful relationship of nations, funda-
Hou
President Prado emphasized that one of
mental to the Inter-American system, the
Sep.
the essential problems in the case of Peru
Presidents reiterated the importance of non-
is the integration of the Indian population
intervention in the domestic affairs of other
Dear Mr.
into the life of the country.
states and the right of self-determination of
I am plea:
The Presidents agreed to the need for
peoples by means of periodic, free and dem-
Representative
stimulating private investment in Peru and
ocratic elections to guarantee the rule of
pared by th
in all of Latin America. President Prado
liberty, justice and individual social and
setting forth
emphasized that Peru, because of its raw
the National
human rights. They agreed that when an
materials, its advanced legislation, its policy
alien ideology establishes a foothold in the
This repoi
of free trade, monetary stability and the
hemisphere or when its official and unof-
ment of Agri
absence of exchange controls, offers excel-
ficial agents engage subversively in under-
my messages
lent opportunities for foreign capital inter-
sources and
mining constitutional order, this constitutes
forest develc
ested in participating with Peruvian capital
both a violation of the principle of noninter-
erated. The
in the growth of its promising economy.
vention and a threat to all the nations of
mended in i
In order to encourage such investment, he
the hemisphere.
ments the
stressed the desirability of eliminating
The Presidents reasserted their adherence
double taxation.
submitted b
to the principles of the United Nations and
Following a review of the international
of the Organization of American States,
The princip
situation, the Presidents agreed on the need
which are the embodiment of the funda-
gram are (
intensified I
for a firm policy to confront the unceasing
mental precepts of the rule of law and jus-
conspiracy of international Communism
tice, the faithful observance of international
(2) acceler:
against the peace of the hemisphere and of
obligations and agreements, and the respect
managemen
the world, recognizing that the successes or
for national independence, identity and
and trail pr
failures of Communism wherever they may
dignity. They call on all nations to reaffirm
ple-purpose
needed trac:
occur have direct or indirect repercussion
in their actions their adherence to the high
in each and every nation.
principles of those two organizations.
The Presidents emphasized the impor-
The Presidents also discussed the simi-
tance of hemispheric unity for the preser-
larity of the principles, particularly the
378
Sta
vation of peace and the development of
principle of reciprocal assistance, which
Seᵢ
harmonious relations among nations. Be-
characterize the Organization of American
cause of their traditions of liberty, faith in
SCIENTIF
States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organ-
the human being and encouragement of in-
each of us.
ization. They agreed that it is more than
dividual initiative in all aspects of life, the
ever essential that these regional organiza-
fort has pl
Americas must serve as a bastion of these
tions be alert to maintain and defend the
strength in
security, ar
612
John F. Kennedy, 1961
Sept. 2I [378]
civilization that is common to their mem-
to foster and perfect the close cooperation
bers.
that exists between their nations in matters
In conclusion, the two Chiefs of State
of common interest both of regional conse-
reiterated their unwavering determination
quence and of world importance.
377 Letter to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the
House Transmitting a National Forests Development Program.
September 21, 1961
Dear Mr.
:
aries, especially those having recreational
I am pleased to transmit to the House of
values.
Representatives (the Senate) a report pre-
As our nation's population increases and
pared by the Department of Agriculture
our industrialization grows, the obligation
setting forth "A Development Program for
to preserve and to protect our nation's forests
the National Forests."
becomes greater. The forward-looking pro-
This report is the response of the Depart-
gram outlined in this report holds great
ment of Agriculture to the request I made in
hope. Congressional interest in our na-
my messages to the Congress on natural re-
tional forests has always been high-an in-
sources and on American agriculture that
terest this Administration shares. I am
forest development on public lands be accel-
confident that this program will be carefully
erated. The developmental program recom-
reviewed by the appropriate Congressional
mended in the report modifies and supple-
committees and that significant progress can
ments the 1959 National Forest Program
be made in this important field.
submitted by the preceding Administration.
Sincerely,
The principal components of the new pro-
JOHN F. KENNEDY
gram are (I) substantially broadened and
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed
intensified recreation resource management,
to the Honorable Lyndon B. Johnson, President of
(2) acceleration of timber harvesting and
the Senate, and to the Honorable Sam Rayburn,
management, (3) adjustment of the road
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
The 19-page report (Government Printing Office,
and trail program to provide needed multi-
1961), prepared by the Forest Service, was re-
ple-purpose roads and, (4) acquisition of
leased by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
needed tracts within national forests bound-
378 Statement by the President: National Science Youth Month.
September 21, 1961
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS is the concern of
mankind. The diversity, vitality, and high
each of us. The growth of our scientific ef-
standards of American science today are one
fort has placed the growth of the Nation's
of our brightest promises for the future.
strength in terms of health, economy, and
Fulfilling that promise depends to a large
security, and has contributed benefits to all
extent on our efforts in encouraging the sci-
613
1875
James C. Penney, founder of the department store
chain, born
1880
Alfred Noyes, English poet, born
1893
Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma opened for home-
steading (Cherokee Strip Day,
state holiday)
1903
Gwen Bristow, novelist-poet, born
1907
United Methodist Church in the U.S. united
1908
General Motors Corporation incorporated
1915
Haiti signed a treaty gaining U.S. protection
1917
Russia proclaimed itself a republic
1919
Congressional act incorporated the American
Legion
1920
Wall Street New York City bomb explosion killed
38 people
1923
First Catholic Seminary for the education of black
priests founded in Mississippi
1938
Eyston, in a Thunderbolt, set a land-speed record
of 357.5 mph
1944
A week of hurricane on the U.S. east coast ended
1947
Cobb, in a Railton-Mobil, set a land-speed record
of 394.2 mph
1955
Civil war agianst dictator Juan Peron began in
Argentina
1956
Periagia, a U.S. freighter, sank in a storm off
Norway
1960
Warren Spahn pitched a no hitter and Milwaukee
beat Philadelphia 5-0
1961
Start of two days of typhoon damaging in Japan
1963
Federation of Malaysia formed
1965
Dave Morehead pitched a no-hitter and Boston
beat Cleveland 2-0
1970
Yabwsame (horseback archery) Day held in
Kamakura, Japan
September 17th
Immigrants' Day, celebrated in Caracas, Venezuela
Feast of St. Lambert of Maastricht
Feast of Sts. Socrates and Stephen
284 AD
Beginning of the ra of Diocletian
853
St. Columba of Cordoba died (Feast Day)
1156
Investiture of Regensburg (Austria )
1179
St. Hildegard died (Feast Day)
1374
Compact of Kassa signed between Polish nobles
and their king
1621
St. Robert Bellarmine died
1630
Boston, Massachusetts, founded and named
1631
Swedish victory near Leipzig in the Thirty Years'
War
1665
King Philip IV of Spain died
1701
James II, exiled King of England, died
CONFERENCED
Let me indicate where it stands now. We have completed our discussions
with some of our European friends. We will have more discussions with them as
we get our own position developed. We are going forward with the analysis of
the American position - of our strategic arms capabilities, of our conventional
arms capabilities - so that when we have before us the decision as to whether
we go into talks, we will know what our position will be.
Assuming that those studies go forward on schedule, and assuming that we
make progress on some of these political areas, like the Mideast, then there
is a possibility, a good possibility, that talks could go forward in that area.
I can see those as two areas, and there are others which could develop
as well.
The Soviet Union and the Middle East
Q: Mr. President, I believe you have said, although I couldn't give you
the direct quote, but the general assumption is that the Soviet Union is inter-
ested in peace in the Middle East. But how can this be reconciled with the
fact that they have very quickly rearmed and fully rearmed the Arabs?
What evidence do we have, what proof do we have, that the Soviet Union is
in fact interested in peace in the Middle East?
The President: Well, the Soviet Union's policy in the Mideast and Vietnam -
and your question is quite perceptive from that standpoint - is ambivalent.
On the one hand, in Vietnam, they are heating up the war. They furnish
80 percent to 85 percent of the sophisticated military equipment for the North
Vietnamese forces. Without that assistance, North Vietnam would not have the
capability to wage the major war they are against the United States.
In the Mideast, without what the Soviet Union has done in rearming Israel's
neighbors, there would be no crisis there that would require our concern.
On the other hand, at the same time that the Soviet Union has gone for-
ward in providing arms for potential belligerents - potential belligerents in
the one area and actual belligerents in another - the Soviet Union recognizes
that if these peripheral areas get out of control, the result could be a con-
frontation with the United States. And the Soviet Union does not want a
confrontation with the United States, any more than we want one with them,
because each of us knows what a confrontation would mean.
I think it is that overwhelming fact - the fact that if the situation in
the Mideast and Vietnam is allowed to escalate, it is that fact that it might
lead to a confrontation that is giving the Soviet Union second thoughts, and
leads me to, what I would say, the cautious conclusion at this point: that
the Soviet Union will play, possibly, a peacemaking role in the Mideast and
even possibly in Vietnam.
I say a cautious conclusion because I base this only on talks that have
taken place up to this time. But we are going to explore that road all the
way that we can, because, let's face it, without the Soviet Union's coopera-
tion, the Mideast is going to continue to be a terribly dangerous area - if
you continue to pour fuel on those fires of hatred that exist on the borders
of Israel. And without the Soviet Union's cooperation it may be difficult to
move as fast as we would like in settling the war in Vietnam.
U.S. Relations with Peru
Q: Mr. President, you mentioned earlier the deeds rather than words in
our international relations. In our relations with Peru and our problems
30
MARCH 4, 1969
cussions
there, is the United States prepared to take action should Peru not respond to
with them as
our protests over the seizure of the oil company and the attacks on fishing
nalysis of
vessels?
conventional
to whether
The President: What Peru has done, as you know, in the seizure of our oil
company is that under international law they have the right to expropriate a
company but they also have the obligation to pay a fair amount for that expro-
1g that we
priation.
hen there
n that area.
It is the second point that is at issue, not the right to expropriate.
Now, if they do not take the appropriate steps to provide for that payment,
develop
then under the law - the Hickenlooper amendment, 1 as you know - we will have
to take appropriate action with regard to the sugar quota and also with regard
to aid programs.
I hope that it is not necessary because that would have a domino effect
give you
if I can be permitted to use what is supposed to be an outworn term - a domino
on is inter-
effect all over Latin America.
with the
I feel in my studies in recent days, that we are making some progress in
s?
attempting to get some steps taken by the Peruvian Government to deal with the
t Union is
expropriation matter in a fair way. 2 If they do so then we do not have to go
down that road.
and Vietnam
President de Gaulle
ivalent.
furnish
Q: Mr. President, there are some people who think you were a little more
r the North
fulsome in your praise of General de Gaulle than you were of the other European
it have the
leaders. Were you conscious of that? Do you have any background you can give
us on that?
ing Israel's
The President: I try to have a policy of evenhandedness. I suppose that
ncern.
is a bad word, too - well, it is in the Mideast. In any event, I have the
highest regard for all of the European leaders that I met. I tried to speak
one for-
of General de Gaulle with the proper respect that an individual with my
gerents in
background should have speaking to one with his.
recognizes
be a con-
After all, of the leaders of Europe, whether we agree or disagree with
vant a
him, he is the giant, not only in his physical size but in his background and
h them,
his great influence.
He deserved, I think, the words that I spoke about him. But I can assure
uation in
you that in speaking of Prime Minister Wilson, Dr. Kiesinger, President
t it might
Saragat, and Prime Minister Rumor, I intended to speak of all of them with the
oughts, and
same feeling, the same affection.
t: that
east and
Problems of Young People
Q: You demonstrated a great deal of interest, Mr. President, in young peo-
hat have
ple in your discussions, both public and private, abroad. Do you feel that
all the
those discussions have given you a better understanding of young people abroad,
coopera-
and are their problems similar to the problems of young people in this country?
rea - if
borders
The President: Well, the problems differ, of course, in the different
ficult to
countries. I think they are the same in one respect. The young people abroad,
it seems, have somewhat the same problem as many young people here. They know
what they are against, but they find difficulty in knowing what they are for.
This is not unusual, because this is perhaps something that is common to young
people generally. Except that when we look to the revolutions of the past, the
ords in
the revolutionary movements, usually there has been whether we agreed with
blems
those movements or not - there was something, a philosophy, that the young
31
S the protec-
U.S. Space Efforts
arose because
upon them.
Q: Sir, have you asked your aides, or your science aides, to prepare for
those re-
you some kind of a study on whether a greater focus can be put in our space
on interest is
efforts in some possible arrangement similar to the Manhattan project during
the last war?
nding his
The President: We are now attempting to devote - we are spending as much
member of the
money and devoting as large a percentage of scientific personnel, engineering
ministration
and all the rest, as we possibly can to the space program. We are constantly
concerned with speeding it up. We are making what I consider to be a maximum
effort.
It may be possible to improve it as we go along and we will attmept to do
SO. But we asked for all the money for this program that those in positions of
ers have pri-
responsibility felt could be usefully employed for this purpose, because beyond
erman refugees
this we begin to get into diminishing returns on personnel and all the rest.
suggested
t of the dan-
We may be able to improve it and if we can, we will, but it is our hope to
egarding the
make the largest possible effort.
t?
Possibility of War Breaking Out over Berlin
ge or dis-
e question.
Q: Mr. President, if fighting should break out over Berlin, that is, if
and really
peace efforts fail, do you believe it can be limited to a conventional war or
to West which,
would it lead to the use of nuclear weapons?
this tremen-
West and
The President: Well, we are hopeful that we would be able to reach peace-
rative values
ful solutions to these problems.
der a Com-
ates Govern-
The Departments of State and Defense
efugees and I
Q: Mr. President, the Budget Director testified at the Captiol a week ago
and said that your administration was a little unhappy with the policy planning
and the generation of ideas in the State and Defense Departments and coopera-
tion between them. Can you tell us what that problem is in a little detail and
promises in
what is being done to improve the situation?
nd the com-
m?
The President: Well, I think he also expressed satisfaction that some pro-
gress was being made. One of the problems, of course, is that nearly every
io far I have
international problem involves several governmental agencies: certainly the
it possible
Defense Department, State, and in many cases at least one other agency. And
pied with
therefore, the problem of coordinating these different agencies in an effective
aps one of
way represents a major problem of administration. We have, of course, as you
ere, in this
know, on a number of the most important international problems that we faced,
h a success-
set up task forces which meet frequently and render at least weekly reports to
ics, with a
the NSC, but it's a matter of constant concern, though I think we have improved
e of this
our techniques recently.
fail there,
the issue to
Foreign Aid to Peru and Laos
ommunism is -
ed.
Q: Mr. President, several congressional committees have issued reports that
ful that the
were quite critical of the handling of foreign aid in the past in Peru and Laos
on there,
specifically, and they centered much of their attention on two or three indivi-
duals: Mr. Theodore Achilles, Mr. Rollin Atwood, Mr. Graham Parsons, who still
have some positions of some responsibility in the Government. I wonder if you
contemplate, or your administration contemplates, any action - removal of these
individuals from positions of responsibility, or any studies of their role to-
day, and do you have any specific plans for tighter administration of these
programs in the light of the past record?
133
The President: Yes, I am hopeful, if we are able to secure passage of leg-
islation now before the Congress, that our administration will be more effec-
tive. In addition, we hope to bring in, if we are effective in the Congress, 5
new area administrators, and between 45 and 50 new country heads, into the ad-
ministration of foreign aid. Now, on the three names you gave me, I am familiar
with two of them. One of them is an Ambassador now to Sweden, and the other is
at work here in the State Department, and I am not informed about the third. I
am not aware of anything in their records that throws any question, of course,
on their integrity, and we are satisfied that they can meet the responsibilities
which they now hold.
Plane Hijacking
Q: Mr. President, would you give us your views on the latest hijacking
plane incidents involving -
The President: The Cuban one or the American one?
Q: Both. (Laughter)
The President: It's my understanding that the hijacking which took place
yesterday of the American plane was done by a - at least the information I had
before I came in - by a Frenchman who had been treated earlier this year for
mental aberrations at Bellevue. The hijacking a week ago was done once again
by two men, one of whom had also been treated for mental weakness. It does in-
dicate that the lunatic fringe, those who are desirous of seeing their names in
the paper, and all of the rest, have seized upon this technique.
I am, of course, wholeheartedly opposed to it. I am hopeful that we can
make it possible to work out satisfactory procedures so that every government
involved takes steps to prevent hijacking which endanger the lives of innocent
people.
Now, let me say that we are - have ordered today on a number of our planes
a border patrolman who will ride on a number of our flights. We are also going
to insist that every airplane lock its door, and that the door be strong enough
to prevent entrance by force, and that the possession of the key be held by
those inside the cabin so that pressure cannot be put on the members of the
crew outside to have the door opened.
In addition, I am hopeful that governments everywhere will use their maxi-
mum influence to discourage this kind of action which endangers the lives of
the crew and of the people involved, and which is an exercise in futility. And
that is the view of this Government and we will take every means that we can to
prevent not only the hijacking of our own planes but the hijacking of other
planes. I'm hopeful that all concerned will do the same. It just endangers
the lives of people who should be protected.
Russians in Orbit
Q: Mr. President, there seems to be some doubt in the country as to whether
the Russians really did put two men in orbit around the earth, as they have
claimed. Are you satisfied from the evidence available to you that they did
do what they said they did?
The President: Yes.
Q: Mr. President, after this latest Soviet space effort, Senator Long of
Missouri, among others, said that the real problem was not our present space
effort but the lack of young Americans going into science. He pointed out that
134
AUGUST 1, 1962
both House
million, and we are in the tax bill we are providing additional provisions in
be much
the tax bill which will make it less attractive to take dollars abroad. And
ter on? And
this is a matter under very constant concern and, as I said before, we hope by
ed this first
the end of next year to bring our balance of payments into balance.
I think we discussed last week why drastic remedies of the type of devalu-
ich I am not
ation would be self-defeating, and would not be employed by this Government.
efore the
I think that if we proceed on the basis that we are, that by the end of next
mmittee the
year, if our exports maintain their present rise and our wage-price structure
ition, that
remains the same as it is now, relative to Europe, that we can bring this into
balance.
be submitted
American Strategy on Nuclear Engagement
cedures. I
e have will
Q: Mr. President, after the resignation of General Norstad was announced,
e with our
there have been many speculations in Europe that there may occur a complete
change in American strategy going as far as to a nuclear engagement. Could
ility to de-
you comment on that?
the United
The President: I can't understand possibly how anyone could come to that
rmation out
conclusion. General Norstad requested that he be permitted to resign. He'd
make it a-
held the position for a great many years. The Chairman of our Joint Chiefs,
nistrator,
General Lemnitzer - there may be those who for their own reasons wish to put
about it in
this story out, but there is no evidence for it. General Lemnitzer will carry
y and I can
on the policies of the United States Government the same way as General Norstad
ed States .
has done. So those rumors are wholly unfounded, wholly untrue, and the slight-
ossibly be.
est check by those who transmit them through Europe would demonstrate that they
that we have
are unfounded. I can assure you we are continuing our defense of Europe. And
I've said before, we cannot maintain the defense of Europe without also main-
int Commit-
taining our nuclear strength on which this adminstration has spent a good deal
3 in Geneva?
of additional funds. So I can assure you that the stories are untrue, though
I have some idea of where they come from and why.
first dis-
1. What was
Developments in Peru
) detect an
materials
Q: Mr. President, can you tell us if you consider the developments in Peru
formation
encouraging toward the point of our recognizing the new government there? And
to bring our
also, is there any comment you'd like to make on the discussion of your policy
ut we are
toward Peru?
formation
on our pol-
The President: We are encouraged by the release of President Prado. We
y informed
are encouraged by the fact that civil liberties have been restored. We've been
.now because
encouraged by the assurances of the junta that free elections would be carried
f two-thirds
out in a period of time, and we are anxious that some clear assurances be given
in touch
that there will be that they will abide by the results of these elections.
We had relations with President Prado's government. When that government
was overthrown and the President imprisoned, it was quite natural that we would
reexamine our relations. That reexamination is going on and we have been en-
couraged by those signs which I've named and we hope that there will be other
een taken
evidences that there will be a return to constitutional free government, which
is the object of the Alliance for Progress.
2 been taken
Mr. Roosa,
Discovery of Fallout in Utah Milk
about the
£ payments
Q: Mr. President, with regard to the fallout which has been discovered in
ear, to a
milk in Utah, has your administration planned any precautionary steps, and
, and we
specifically, will there be more air bursts in Nevada?
ion to $800
363