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Southern Newspaper Publishers Assoc. 11/18/91 [OA 8319] [3]
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26
21
7
7
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Dallas, Texas)
For Immediate Release
November 1, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT BUSH-QUAYLE FUNDRAISER
Reunion Ballroom
Hyatt Regency Hotel
Dallas, Texas
8:46 P.M. CST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Ray Hunt, and thank all of
you. Barbara and I are thrilled and delighted to be with you. And,
Ray, thank you for your leadership on this dinner -- you and Perry
Bass, and Elvis, and my dear friends, Bill and Rita Clements, the
great Governor of this state. (Applause.) Phil Gramm and Tom
Loeffler and all the chairmen and cochairmen, thank you for this
fantastic welcome back home.
And I might say, if I don't get in trouble with the FEC
-- that's the Federal Election Commission -- thank you for a
wonderful send-off. I am grateful to each and every one of you. And
Phil put it pretty well -- I do feel a lot of love in this room, a
lot of friendship. And I don't care if you're starting out in
Midland or Odessa, as Bar and I did in 1948, or whether you come up
through the precincts in Houston, Texas, or run with the support of
friends statewide with a spectacular lack of success for the Senate
in 1964 and '70 -- you couldn't make it without friends. You
couldn't make it without people who care. And we have been blessed
in our life by the friendships from the people of this state, and we
will country. never, ever forget how we got this opportunity to serve our
And it's the greatest time in history to be President of
the (Applause.) United States, and I'm grateful to each and every one of you.
And I'm very proud of our statewide political team. I
mentioned Bill Clements. I must say I wish you were in Austin right
now -- I shouldn't wish that on anybody, but -- (laughter) -- we miss
him badly. And I miss his counsel as Governor, and his leadership.
a superb job. And he's working hard to see that we get a fair shake
But I salute our State Chairman Fred Meyer, who is doing
in redistricting, I might add. (Applause.) And then, of course, our
statewide officer holders, my dear and old friend, Kay Bailey
Hutchison, and Rick Perry, who did the Lord's work by getting
selected to Commissioner of Agriculture. (Laughter.)
music -- I don't know how to begin to say thank you to the Texas Boys
Reverend Benton, thank you. And to this magnificent
Choir, to the Vocal Majority, University of North Texas Band -- you
are (Applause.) magnificent, and thank you all for this very special treat.
to talk about America's bright hopes for the future -- a future that
And I debated what to talk about -- really, we're here
really is built on special values that we've always held dear. These
values are special to Texas -- a commitment to economic growth, a
steadfast respect for the individual, a proud determination to carry
faith in democracy to the rest of the world.
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Phil Gramm knows what talking about. So do
thousands of other Texans -- millions of Americans. We have an
extraordinary opportunity before us." Together we can cement the
gains that Fhil talked about, that Ray talked about. We can build on
those gains. And let me tell you why. I think we can build on them
not only in foreign affairs, but I think we can build on them
domestically, and the reason is I really believe that the values we
all share are right for the United states. The program that I have
is right for the United states. And we've got a slight problem:
we've got too darn many liberal Democrats controlling every House of
the United States Congress, every committee, every subcommittee, and
they can't think of one new idea. All they can try to do is block my
domestic agenda.
And that's what I want to talk to you tonight about --
we need your help in making some of these changes. (Applause.)
Frankly, we believe that government should ease the
burdens on the people. And we believe that for a fundamental reason.
we believe that because we have an abiding faith in the communities,
in the neighborhoods, in the people themselves. And we understand
that when we talk about issues, what we're really talking about are
human values; we're talking about people. For example, too often we
talk of the economy as if it were something dry and technical, rather
than what it really is: the lifeblood of the American Dream.
Years ago I learned that economics focuses mostly on
people, not on numbers. And I do remember those early days in
Odessa, 1948, and then Midland right after that. Then your word was
your bond. You shook hands with a guy on an oil deal, Perry, and it
kept, it took. That's all you needed. You didn't need 25,000
lawyers drawing up escrow agreements. You had the values out there.
(Applause.)
The neighborhood meant something. The strength of
family was strong and meant something. And as Ray touched on it and
this music, said faith was terribly, terribly important. You chose
your schools, taught people without being afraid of it -- to say The
Pledge of Allegiance or to express their patriotism.
Now, it doesn't take long for anyone to understand that
the great strength of our country is in the neighborhoods and in the
cities and in the towns and, yes, in the family and in our churches
and synagogues. It is not shielded and isolated in subcommittees on
Capitol Hill. Not by a long shot. It is in the neighborhoods and
the families of West Texas and Dallas and Houston and South Texas and
the Panhandle and Waco and wherever. It's a strength that comes from
a simple source -- freedom. Let the liberal Democrats then pursue
these programs that enlarge government, that dictate to every single
community by mandated benefits how you're going to run your schools
if you want that federal money -- that's your money. If you want
that federal money you have to live by code A, B, C, or D. And you
have to have 25 regulators coming into be sure that you live by the
mandate set by a subcommittee chairman that's been in office 30
years. That's not good enough for America, and I want to change this
Congress. (Applause.)
The problem is in the Congress of the United States on
the liberal Democrats that control it. And I have been a javelin
catcher too long up there. I have been kind and I have been gentle
and I have tried to work with these guys that control the Congress -
- the liberals on one side -- and I'm tired of it. And I can't wait
to be a candidate, when I decide to be one -- (laughter) -- and take
this to the American people. (Applause.) They are tired of it; they
are sick and tired of it. (Applause.)
I'll tell you something: They say no domestic agenda.
They've got a domestic agenda, and that's blocking my domestic
agenda. Those old guys who control those subcommittees haven't had a
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new idea in the 30 years they've been there. (Laughter.) And it's
time to change it. And I mean it.
why do you think the American people are so excited
about term limitations? They've wised up. They understand it. And
I'm going to fight for that, too, all next year. (Applause.) It
only seems fair. I've got to limit my term, why shouldn't they limit
their term? (Laughter.) Fair play.
Let's talk about a growth package. I've been pressing
the Congress for a real growth package. It started in my first State
of the Union, second State of the Union, third state of the Union.
Let me just give you my views on what, if we had more decent-thinking
people in the Congress like Phil Gramm, what we could do to help the
economy.
There are some people hurting in this country and
they're hurting bad. And their families can't make ends meet. And
some people are getting put out of work. And they need a growth
package that's going to creat jobs. And I've called for the things
that I believe would help, and they've been opposed day in and day
out by the liberals that control the United States Congress.
One of them, let them call it a tax break for the rich.
I will bear, as I said last night in Houston, all the political
burden that they can heap upon me for calling a capital gains cut a
tax for the rich. It is a jobs creator. It is an entrepreneurship
bill. We can get more jobs and more businesses going by a capital
gains differential than any other single thing. So call it what you
want to, but give it a try. The American people want it. It shows
up in the polls, and they ought to have it. And they don't have it
because the Democrats want to make political hay instead of putting
this country back to work through new jobs created by small business.
(Applause.)
We've got to increase our savings base in this country,
and that's why I've pushed for incentives like IRAS. Particularly
those that can stimulate the housing business. And that's all caught
up in an old thinking of the leadership of the United states
Congress. I've called for the creation of a permanent R&D tax credit
-- research and development -- 50 we can retain the cutting edge that
we have in technology. And it's absolutely essential. Not a short-
run boost to the economy, but something long-run that is going to
guarantee our competitiveness around the world. And that means jobs.
I want to see more investment in science and technology
to keep us ahead of the curve in world competition. I want to see us
do more in cutting needless government red tape that frustrates
innovation and efficiency. And instead of that, the Congress comes
out with more and more regulations. And thank God we've got a good
Vice President up there that's trying to cut through them and lift
the regulatory burden on the small businessmen of this country.
(Applause.)
Jobs -- we need Jobs. I'll tell you a job intensive
improvement bill, and that's the transportation bill. My State of
the Union message, I said to the Congress, I need two pieces of
legislation -- we've got plenty that we need. We need to do more on
education. we need to do more on these economic incentives. But
give me a crime bill and give me a transportation bill in 100 days.
It is now 242 days, and I haven't had either one of them on my desk.
A transportation bill would put a lot of Americans to
work and put them to work fast. And we need it; our infrastructure
needs it. And yet, we've got people that are haggling up there,
moving the previous question, seconding the motion -- going about all
this parliamentary gobbledy-gook when the American people want
action. And you give me a Senate controlled by people like Phil
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Gramm and you'll get plenty of quick action, and it will be sensible
and it will keep the taxpayers' interest in mind. (Applause.)
I've told you why this economy hasn't gotten the kind of
shot in the arm we need. In short, one party has controlled both
Houses of the Congress far too long. We did control the Senate when
President Reagan came in, and you can take the offense. He took his
case to the people. He said, here's what I want to do -- A, B, and
C. And at least in the senate you could begin to move the process.
You could get your ideas tried.
Today I pointed out these things, and they aren't even
willing to try them. The only way I have gotten some good
legislation passed is to veto bad legislation and make clear to this
Congress I am not going to pass any more of your bad legislation.
Now, if you want to compromise, fine. But I am not going to accept
it the way you send it down because the people elected me to go
forward with these ideas, and you ought to give our ideas a chance.
And I'm not going to change, I don't care what title they have on it.
(Applause.)
You've heard the question, why does the President seem
to have successes in foreign affairs, difficulty in domestic affairs?
The answer is a cinch. (Laughter.) It's very, very clear. If I had
had to get Ted Kennedy's approval to move General Schwarzkopf to the
Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein would be in Saudi Arabia and Schwarzkopf
would have been in Florida still. That's the difference.
fact. (Applause.) And that's a fact. And the American people know it's a
It's not a poltical statement; that is a fact.
(Laughter.) You just look at the record on those things.
(Laughter.) Suppose I had to call up the subcommittee chairman of
the Armed Forces Subcommittee on Latin America and say, hey, do you
think we ought to take a drug dealer out and save the lives of
Americans and get Noriega out and give democracy a chance in Panama?
They'd still be moving the previous question, asking some
parliamentary order -- Mr. President, can I speak now?
We do it because you have the power the national
security responsibility and the presidency. And that's clear and the
American people know it's clear.
The other night I was in Madrid maybe still on Madrid
time. I feel a little groggy here. But the other night I was in
Madrid. I think we've done something great. We've got a great Texas
Secretary of state in Jim Baker who is working his heart out for
peace -- (applause.) And we've done something that the most cynical
believed we could never do. Because of the new profound strength of
the United states and prestige, frankly, of the United states around
the world, as a result of Desert Storm, we were able to bring warring
factions together -- as Phil said, people who have been at war for
thousands of years to at least talk. To come together under the same
roof in Madrid and to begin to at least talk about peace.
I don't know what's going to happen in that. I don't
know how successful we're going to be. But it was success to just
bring those parties together. And it was hard work. And you had to
stand up against the skeptics and you take -- challenge old
shibboleths and you had to go forward and try the most complicated
diplomacy. And whether it succeeds or not, it's worth the candle --
it's worth the effort.
And I'm over there, I'm dead tired, I flip on CNN, which
was in my bedroom there in the Embassy in Madrid. And I hear the
Assistant Democrat leader of the House demonstrating his interest in
the domestic agenda, criticizing the President of the United States
for being in Madrid and trying to bring about peace between these
warring factions. I'm sorry, I don't care what this little man
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thinks. I'm going to keep on leading and try to do my best for the
United States of America -- (applause) -- and peace for his kids and
for my kids. (Applause.)
Let him carp. Let him criticize. It's not going to get
to me one bit, because I'm going to take my case to the American
people -- I think, if I decide to become a candidate for President of
the United states. (Laughter.)
The Democratic leaders in the senate -- they won't
permit a straight up and down vote on capital gains. More of them
are beginning to talk about it. I have key economic appointments to
the Federal Reserve Board been sitting there -- one of them, Bob
Clark, a Texan for comptroller. That nomination has been up there
for nine months. We have two directors of the Fed, Federal Reserve
Board -- the Fed. We've got some problems there. We need the best
minds we can have there. And yet, they're blocking these two
nominations.
My suggestion to them is do the people's business. If
you don't want the people I have up there, send them back. Say you
won't approve it. But don't let everybody sit in limbo. And the
Senate ought to reform itself and stop putting holds on nominees.
Consider them. Advise, consent, but don't just sit there doing
nothing when we need good people on the Fed. (Applause.)
I think the American people know that I've tried to
reach out. I've tried the kinder and gentler approach, and I'm going
to keep on because I want to see some good -- might not sound like it
tonight -- (laughter) -- but I'm going to keep on because I really
believe that you can get something done. And we have. We've gotten
some good -- a good legislation through in a compromised way. And
sometimes when I beat back their bad legislation we come together and
get reasonable legislation done.
But let me give you an example on what's going on on
that one. There are some Americans that have had their benefits run
out for unemployment. They're hurting. Their families are hurting.
I don't care whether you're Republican or liberal or conservative or
Democrat -- whatever you are. When somebody in America is hurting
like that you've got to try to do something about it. You've got to
care. You've got to feel a sense of compassion for those that are
hurting in this country -- and there are plenty, unfortunately.
so I'd like to see an extended benefits check go out to
these people. And I've told the Congress what I want. what I want
is a bill-that will extend these benefits -- do it on a temporary
basis. We're not going to mandate some whole new program there.
Take care of those that are hurting now and get the economy moving so
they won't be-hurting in the future. Take care of them and get those
benefit checks out, but do it without burdening everybody that's
working in this country. All those that are not working that are
paying taxes.
DO it within the budget agreement with the caps on
spending is the only control that the taxpayers have over the
reckless spending of the Democrats that control the Congress. Do it
in a way to protect the taxpayer and still demonstrate the compassion
that we feel for these people. And they'd rather, as I said last
night -- I used an unfortunate analogy. I said they were trying to
stick it up my ear. (Laughter.) Let me try to rephrase that for
you. (Laughter.) No, what they're doing -- what they're doing is
there. trying to make political capital while these people are hurting out
I hate to tell you, but I read in the paper this morning
that the Majority Leader of the United States Senate, who, yesterday,
compared me to Herbert Hoover, wants to get his people to vote one
more time so I'll have to veto one more time so he can then go to, in
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σ.
a demagogic fashion to the American people one more time to say that
I'm against those people that are out of work. And, fortunately, it
appears that the other Democratic leaders are much more interested in
helping the people that need help and coming together with me to get
a deal that will extend these unemployment benefits in the way I've
told you I want it done.
And I don't care what the Majority Leader of the Senate
thinks about my performance or what he thinks about that he can
embarrass me into doing. If he sends me down a bill that's going to
bust this budget agreement, I'm going to veto it and send it right
back, and get some legislation that is good for these people and good
for the taxpayer. (Applause.)
I've been three years in this job now, and I've never
criticized the Majority Leader before. But he is not going to dish
it out and then be unable to take it. I refuse to catch his javelins
anymore. I'm going to throw them right back because I've got the
truth on my side. (Applause.)
And let me just say on other bills -- I am going to bust
-- veto. I'm not going to worry about it. Any bill that busts this
budget agreement, that increases the outrageous deficit that we are
laying on your kids and my grandchildren -- we've gone too far. And
we have in place constraints on spending. Every day, you find some
new dire emergency, they call it, to bail out some special program.
And I'm going to hold the line because that is the only protection
that all the American people have against reckless spending that is
dry-mortgaging the future of our grandchildren and our children.
(Applause.)
Let me say that I am pleased when we do get cooperative
work with the Congress. I don't want to say we never do. We can get
a crime bill. We can get one that says to every guy that's patroling
the drug areas in Dallas, every policeman: We're with you. We're
going to help you. We're going to get you exclusionary rule reform,
or habeas corpus reform. And we're going to have a death penalty for
those that kill police officers, and it's going to be prompt and
fair. The problem is, we've got a good bill out of the Senate, and
now we've got these same subcommittee old thinkers in the House
trying to block it.
I believe we can get a decent crime bill. I believe we
can get a decent transportation bill. Unfortunately, today the
extremes blocked a bipartisan energy bill. Bennett Johnson, a
Democrat; Malcolm Wallop, a Republican, have a decent bill, and it
was blocked by some parliamentary procedure up there, because they're
worrying about the caribou in Alaska when I'm worrying about jobs for
the American people. I'll go with the people; let them go with the
caribou. (Applause.)
Bipartisanship -- we've got something going in
education. We've got a great Secretary of Education. He's got a
great deputy in David Kearns. We're working with the Democrats.
We're going around those subcommittee chairmen. We're working with
Democratic governors and Republican governors on this program America
2000. It's good. It revolutionizes education, moves our people up.
Gives families a choice of where they want their kids to go to
school.
And if we can somehow manage to keep that program out of
those subcommittees I'm talking about, we can really offer our
children a brighter future, and I want to be a part of that. I want
to see that succeed. And I believe we can do it.
The liberal Democrats -- they've got one formula: Spend
a little more money. Do you know what the figures are in education?
We spent $190 billion on education, total, around '80 or '81, and
it's now up to $400 billion. And their answer is, hey, you cut out
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7
$2 billion here, or you didn't add this or that. That's not the
point. You've got to revolutionize these schools. You've got to
think anew, as Lincoln said. You've got to start over. And that's
exactly what we're trying to do.
I have one other thing about the Congress I'd like to
bring up here to see if I can generate any support. I have an old-
fashioned feeling that Congress ought not to exempt itself from the
laws it makes others comply with. (Applause.) I don't know whether
that makes any sense or not.
The Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act. I don't know whether you were glued to your TV when the
Clarence Thomas hearings were on. We heard a lot about sexual
harassment. But did you know -- did you know the liberals that
control this Congress have seen to it that Congress exempted itself
from the sexual harassment laws at the same time they were piously
lecturing the rest of the country?
I think the American people want Congress to comply with
the same laws that you and I have to live with. (Applause.)
And the last point -- and this is the last one -- I
really do believe that there is an interaction between foreign policy
and domestic policy. somebody mentioned -- either Phil or Ray
mentioned the Free Trade Agreement with Canada. Yes, I go down to
Mexico, and yes, I deal with their marvelous new President, Carlos
Salinas. And yes, we're working, spending a fair amount of time
trying to get that done. But that's not foreign policy per se.
That's a better border for Texas. That's a better environment along
our border. That's more jobs for Americans. And I'm going to keep
right on working with President Salinas until we can get this
historic Free Trade Agreement through. And the same with Canada.
(Applause.)
When I meet with Mr. Gorbachev, as I did Monday night,
okay, you say, that's foreign policy. I think it is in the interest
of every child and every school in Dallas that this marvelous,
majestic move towards privatization and market economy succeed. And
it is in the interest of every kid in this country that this
revolution that's taken place in the Soviet Union be successful. And
it is only the United States of America that's strong enough,
knowledgeable enough, believes enough to see it happen.
Ask Bob Mosbacher. What a job he has done taking
technology over there and business expertise to the Soviet Union.
And so let them carp, criticize all they want. Let them make their
political brownie points. I am glad that our chance for peace has
been enhanced and our chance for trade will be enhanced much more if
we are successful in working with these new leaders in the Soviet
Union and in the republics. (Applause.)
I'm very proud of our country, and I am not negative
about our country. Frustrated at times with the Congress? Yes.
Willing to take my case to the American people? Absolutely. Willing
to reach out my hand, as I have over and over again to the Democrats
that control Congress? Yes, I'm going to keep right on trying.
Because I want some things done, and the only way I can get them done
under the status quo is to reach out.
But let me tell you this: Next year, I am going to go
to the American people as clearly as I can. I'm going to put my
record on the line -- shortcomings, and, hopefully, the people will
think maybe the progress has outweighed the shortcomings, and say,
here's where I'm coming from. Here's the kind of help I need and
that a man like Phil Gramm needs in the United states Congress.
We believe in these same values today in 1991 that I
believed in, in Odessa that I mentioned in 1948: Neighborhood,
family, freedom of individuals to make the choice on where their kids
go and how we lead our lives, the importance of faith in our lives.
NOV-02-1991
I'm not embarrassed to stand up and salute the flag. I'm proud of
behaved in Desert Storm.
it. And America is proud of it again, because of the way our kids
And I want to take this message: Foreign policy,
need to be performed on. And there's plenty of them. But we're
domestic policy successes we've had, and then those initiatives that
going to need your help, and you've given us a wonderful sendoff by
polls; we're going to need your help to see that our great Texas
this dinner here tonight. But we're going to need your help at the
officers have more support in the elections that lie ahead. And
we're going to need your support in working to help me change --
change the character of this Congress so that your values and the
values of Congress will be hand-in-hand and will be compatible.
I can tell you I never thought I'd look forward to
another campaign. I thought I was getting a little too tired for
that. And I'm ready. I'm ready because I believe there's so much at
stake in this country, and I believe I'm blessed with a wonderful
wife who absolutely has enraptured this country because they see in
her something strong and decent. (Applause.) And you've given us
your support -- you've given us your support. And I'm going to do
what my mother told me to do: Do your best, try your hardest, be a
decent guy in the process, but work your heart out for. what you
believe in. You've helped me do that.
Thank you all, and may God bless the United states of
America. (Applause.)
END
9:20 P.M CST
es Department,
airs, Director 617
AP Business Luncheon Kemarks
tant Attorney General
-616
Week Ending Friday, April 28, 1989
ndment-638
Remarks at the Memorial Service for
the hardships of separation. You've always
Crewmembers of the U.S.S. Iowa in
been strong for the sake of love. You must
S and universities—
Norfolk, Virginia
be heroically strong now. But you will find
esistance, U.S. aid-
that love endures. It endures in the linger-
April 24, 1989
ing memory of time together, in the em-
Media
We join today in mourning for the 47
brace of a friend, in the bright questioning
who perished and in thanks for the 11 who
eyes of a child. And as for the children of
--618
survived. They all were, in the words of a
the lost, throughout your lives you must
poet, the men behind the guns. They came
never forget, your father was America's
of the Inauguration of
from Hidalgo, Texas; Cleveland, Ohio;
pride. Your mothers and grandmothers,
638
Tampa, Florida; Costa Mesa, California.
aunts and uncles are entrusted with the
6
They came to the Navy as strangers, served
memory of this day. In the years to come,
r Week-639
the Navy as shipmates and friends, and left
they must pass along to you the legacy of
ons of the American
the Navy as brothers in eternity. In the
the men behind the guns. And to all who
I Day-640
finest Navy tradition, they served proudly
mourn a son, a brother, a husband, a father,
it
on a great battleship, U.S.S. Iowa.
a friend, I can only offer you the gratitude
This dreadnought, built long before these
of a nation; for your loved one served his
23
lections-629
sailors were born, braved the wartime
country with distinction and honor. I hope
waters of the Atlantic to take President
that the sympathy and appreciation of all
Roosevelt to meet Winston Churchill at Ca-
the American people provide some comfort.
resident-641
sablanca and anchored in Tokyo Harbor on
The true comfort comes from prayer and
se press releases-641
the day that World War II ended. The Iowa
faith.
House announcements-
earned 11 battle stars in two wars. October
And your men are under a different com-
to the Senate-641
of '44, off the coast of the Philippines-I
mand now, one that knows no rank, only
can still remember it-for those of us serv-
love, knows no danger, only peace. May
ing in carriers and Halsey's Third Fleet,
God bless them all.
having Iowa nearby really built our confi-
dence. And I was proud to be a part of the
Note: The President spoke at 9:23 a.m. in
recommissioning ceremony in 1984. And
Hangar LP-2 at Norfolk Naval Air Station.
now fate has written a sorrowful chapter in
this history of this great ship.
Let me say to the crew of Iowa: I under-
stand your great grief. I promise you today
we will find out why, the circumstances of
Remarks at the Associated Press
the tragedy. But in a larger sense, there will
Business Luncheon at the Annual
never be answers to the questions that
Conference of the American
haunt us. We will not-cannot, as long as
Newspaper Publishers Association in
we live-know why God has called them
Chicago, Illinois
strative Committee of the Federal
home. But one thing we can be sure: This
sident (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part
April 24, 1989
world is a more peaceful place because of
the U.S.S. Iowa. The Iowa was recommis-
by the Superintendent of Docu-
Thank you all for that warm welcome.
)ffice, Washington, DC 20402. The
sioned and her crew trained to preserve the
And my friend, Bill Keating-friend from
ential Documents will be furnished
peace. So, never forget that your friends
S for $64.00 per year ($105.00 for
Congress days-thank you for that most
gn subscribers for $80.00 per year,
died for the cause of peace and freedom.
generous introduction. I also want to thank
of Documents, Government Print-
To the Navy community, remember that
402. The charge for a single copy is
your able-I don't know whether I should
3).
you have the admiration of America for
say leaders or deputies of the Associated
n the republication of material ap-
sharing the burden of grief as a family, es-
Press-Lou Boccardi, sitting over here, and
ation of Presidential Documents.
pecially the Navy wives, who suffer most
Jim Tomlinson-and thank them and you
603
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
for including me in this AP luncheon, given
ernment and the news media, need one an-
spotlight. He
at the time of the Newspaper Publishers
other; we owe each other a measure of re-
steady lead
Association meeting. And I also want to say
spect, honesty, and integrity equal to the
through a d
how pleased I am to be with you once
work we're engaged in.
and prosperi
And of cou
again.
It's been a little over 3 months since I
I've just come from Norfolk, a very
I served for
took the oath of office, and I am pleased
moving ceremony paying tribute to the 47
commitment
with the progress that we've made in a
young men that died in the turret aboard
Why was he
short time. And I'll say more about that
ment to a h
Iowa-and it was indeed moving. And it
shortly, but before I do, I'd just like to share
ment to his
made me once again realize how precious
with you some impressions of the past 3
the America
human life is and how sometimes you can't
months.
control things the way you'd like. And that
ble optimisn
People often ask me, understandably:
leads me to just say a word about Terry
The opportu
What's it like-how the Presidency com-
administratic
Anderson, because in a meeting just now, in
the greeting by Lou and Bill Keating, they
pares to the expectations you bring to it. I
by the peac
brought up with me, once again, with this
can sum up the thing that's made the deep-
Reagan left a
sense of urgency that all in the Associated
est impression on me so far, in one word,
We used to
Press feel about Terry Anderson-the ques-
and it's history, a sense of history all around
cy being to
tion of the hostages [in Lebanon]. And I just
you. And you can't live in the White House
very distin
want to say, without being able to give you
and you can't sit at the desk in the Oval
wrote just a
any good news, that we are concerned; we
Office, or upstairs in the office that I have
dency, just a
now right next to the Lincoln Bedroom,
in-there Wa
will follow every intelligence lead; we will
without constantly experiencing the history
tion aboundi
go the extra mile to do what we can. And I
vowed when I came into the Presidency
of the place without thinking of the Presi-
a parliament
not to talk about the burden of the Presi-
dents we all know, but perhaps in a differ-
when Ronal
dency, the loneliness of the job or the great
ent light.
Different me
toughness that nobody understands. I
And I think of Washington, working to
circumstance
learned that from my immediate predeces-
define the Presidency, to mix power and
Presidency i
sor; 8 years and I never once heard a call
restraint in a way that created a Chief Ex-
date the stre
for sympathy or a call for understanding
ecutive consistent with democratic govern-
rich political
along those lines. But I will say that when
ment. This Sunday I'm going to go up to
In the past
New York to join in the ceremonies mark-
framed my
you do take that oath of office you do feel
ing the 200th anniversary of Washington's
the pressing
perhaps a disproportionate concern for a
fallen sailor or an individual held hostage
swearing-in. Each of those 200 years is last-
some of ther
against his or her will anywhere in the
ing testimony to the solid foundation laid by
in working 1
Washington.
steady course
world. And so, we will continue to keep this
question of these hostages on the front
And I find myself thinking a lot of Teddy
new century
burner.
Roosevelt: his limitless energy; his mental,
pelled or pre
I know the news business is a serious and
moral, and physical toughness. I want the
or a column
sometimes extraordinarily dangerous busi-
record to show it's not just that he was an
thing dramat
ness. Mark Twain liked to recall that Napo-
elitist, like me. [Laughter] I think of his
The first S
leon once shot at a magazine editor. He
dedication to serve his nation, a dedication
undertaken i
missed him, but he killed a publisher.
instilled in earliest childhood, this sense of
during Ame
service, and then, I guess most of all, his
problem, we
[Laughter] Twain says: It seems his aim was
bad, but his intentions were good. [Laugh-
love of nature, passion for reform and pres-
long as our
ervation.
common ro
ter]
freedom-fo1
You all know Jefferson's tribute to the
I think of Harry Truman, a man who
determinatio
importance of the press: "Were it left for
spoke his mind, a practical problemsolver, a
equal stand
me to decide whether we should have a
fighter who never gave up. And I learned
chance for e
government without newspapers or news-
that one the hard way, because I'm old
papers without a government, I should not
enough to have bet 10 bucks on Tom
our way on
international
hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."
Dewey back in 1948.
count on a:
And now, despite the fact that there are
And there's Ike, Dwight Eisenhower,
days when I think that all we really need is
spect-and a
hero to a generation, a man who, once he
self-confiden
a sports page-[laughter]-both of us, gov-
became President, didn't appear to seek the
604
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 24
news media, need one an-
spotlight. He understood the value of quiet,
tion's work; excellence-the underlying goal
ch other a measure of re-
steady leadership and led this nation
in the collective efforts that we undertake,
id integrity equal to the
through a decade of growth and progress
and accountability for the work we do; and
ed in.
and prosperity.
in the workings of government, a firm sense
e over 3 months since I
And of course, I do think of the man that
of the responsibilities and powers of govern-
office, and I am pleased
I served for 8 years, Ronald Reagan-his
ment and the private sector that lies
that we've made in a
commitment. People wondered what was it.
beyond its limits.
I'll say more about that
Why was he successful? It was his commit-
My starting point has been a respect for
I do, I'd just like to share
ment to a handful of principles, a commit-
American institutions-for Congress, for the
pressions of the past 3
ment to his beliefs, plus his great faith in
dedicated civil servants in the executive
the American people and then this unshaka-
branch, for State and local governments, for
k me, understandably:
ble optimism that he brought to the job.
the concept of public service-and a firm
V the Presidency com-
The opportunities open to us today, to my
belief in the constitutional powers of the
ations you bring to it. I
administration today, were made possible
Presidency. Each has its role; each can be
g that's made the deep-
by the peace and prosperity that Ronald
enlisted in the work at hand. The emphasis
ne so far, in one word,
Reagan left as his legacy.
is on cooperation, not confrontation, as the
ase of history all around
We used to hear a lot about the Presiden-
surest route to progress.
ive in the White House
cy being too big for one man. Indeed, a
I've read more than a few news stories
the desk in the Oval
very distinguished Washington lawyer
1 the office that I have
wrote just at the end of the Carter Presi-
before and after the election-you can re-
member them-said that the new President
the Lincoln Bedroom,
dency, just as President Reagan was coming
in-there was talk, because of the frustra-
and the Congress could not possibly work
<periencing the history
tion abounding, that what we might need is
together after a bitter campaign that made
thinking of the Presi-
a parliamentary system. That talk stopped
cooperation impossible. I didn't believe that
ut perhaps in a differ-
when Ronald Reagan became President.
then, and I think we're proving it wrong
ashington, working to
Different men, different methods, different
now. When I took office, I told the Con-
circumstances-proof, as I see it, that the
gress that the American people hadn't sent
y, to mix power and
Presidency is ample enough to accommo-
us to Washington to bicker. They sent us to
it created a Chief Ex-
h democratic govern-
date the strengths and styles of our nation's
govern, to work together to solve the
rich political history.
urgent problems that confront us, and to
m going to go up to
the ceremonies mark-
In the past 3 months, these thoughts have
shape the long-term strategies to ensure
framed my own approach in dealing with
peace and prosperity in the future. I think
sary of Washington's
the pressing problems that confront us-
the work we've done these past 3 months
nose 200 years is last-
lid foundation laid by
some of them decades in the making-and
demonstrates the value of tough, principled
in working to put the United States on a
negotiations between this administration
steady course for the decade ahead and the
and the Congress.
inking a lot of Teddy
new century beyond it. I do not feel com-
The bipartisan budget agreement that we
energy; his mental,
pelled or pressed because of a column here
worked out 10 days ago is a key example.
ughness. I want the
or a column there to reach out for some-
That agreement-ahead of schedule, on
just that he was an
thing dramatic.
target with Gramm-Rudman, and with my
hter] I think of his
The first step in every initiative that I've
"no new taxes" pledge intact-is a strong
nation, a dedication
undertaken is to square our action with en-
first step towards dealing with the deficit
dhood, this sense of
during American principles. Whatever the
problem and keeping our economy-76
ess most of all, his
problem, we can count on public support so
straight months of expanding, uninterrupt-
or reform and pres-
long as our policy and principles share a
ed growth-on track. Difficult decisions lie
common root. And these principles are:
ahead. I'm well aware of that. But the im-
iman, a man who
freedom-for individuals, for nations-self-
portant first step, an important agreement,
al problemsolver, a
determination and democracy; fairness-
has been reached.
up. And I learned
equal standards, equal opportunity-a
And of course, there's the accord we
because I'm old
chance for each of us to achieve and make
reached on Central America. The people of
0 bucks on Tom
our way on our own merits; strength-in
Nicaragua-like their neighbors in the
international affairs, strength our allies can
region, like people everywhere-deserve to
right Eisenhower,
count on and our adversaries must re-
live in peace, with freedom. The United
nan who, once he
spect-and at home, strength and a sense of
States is now speaking with one voice and
appear to seek the
self-confidence in carrying forward our na-
standing behind a plan that will put the
605
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
Sandinistas to the test. And this unity has
First and foremost, that does mean im-
velt spoke thos
encouraged leaders like President Oscar
proving education. Investing in the rising
And now, a litt
Arias of Costa Rica to support-strongly
generation is long-range planning at its
from the 21st (
support-the U.S. policy. And the support
best. Our future in this technological age
vironment is
of the leaders in that area, in Central Amer-
depends upon the qualities and capabilities
imperative. An
ica, those democratic leaders surrounding
of the American worker, and not just the
portant steps.
Nicaragua, is vital if we're to succeed.
most talented among us but each individual
enact legislatic
And in 3 short months, we've made a
member of the work force. The seven-point
export of hazar
good start coming to grips with issues de-
program on education reform that I sent to
safe handling 0
manding urgent attention and decisive
Congress early this month will help us
cannot be gua:
action, and we've taken that action.
reward excellence, reach out to students
growing concer
Action to stabilize the troubled savings
most in need, increase choice, and intro-
U.S. will work
and loan system-the reform plan that I
duce a healthy element of competition and
to end the disc
sent to Congress will restore stability and
accountability that will promote quality in
carbons] into 1
put the savings and loan system back on its
our schools.
2000. And in
feet, in sound fiscal order. My plan guaran-
I have no intention of shifting the empha-
spill, we've tak
tees that depositors will be fully protect-
sis to Washington, away from the localities,
role that is str
ed-they are today, and they will be in the
away from the States, away from the diver-
sight of the cl
future. The S&L system must be reformed
sity that is one of the hallmarks of our edu-
ways to preven
so that the questionable practice and out-
cational system. But I do want to use the
to react more
right illegalities that caused the crisis will
not happen again. And those S&L officials
White House as a bully pulpit to encourage
occur.
excellence in every way and to encourage
And finally,
found guilty of criminal actions will be pun-
the private sector in every way. And I
to strengthen I
ished for the losses that they have caused.
Last week the Senate passed my plan by 91
would say to you publishers here: I salute
Third World C
to 8, and I urge the House to act promptly
those of you who have already taken up-the
ceived broad
and pass this S&L reform bill with its cen-
cause of education-be it literacy or drop-
both the indus
tral provisions intact.
out rates or whatever it is-you can do the
countries. We'
policy, and no
Action to strengthen ethics in govern-
Lord's work in no better way. The seven-
ment-the ethics reforms that I've sent to
point program is going to help us reward
World debt a
Capitol Hill this month will uphold honesty
excellence, and you can do an awful lot as
basis. I want to
and integrity in government service, and
well.
tiate with Mexi
other countries
they will apply an evenhanded ethics stand-
Preparing for the kinder, gentler future
We've exami
ard across all branches of government.
I've spoken of means helping Americans
on U.S. strate{
Action in the war on drugs, where we're
cope with the changing nature of society,
Central Americ
advancing on all fronts-education, treat-
helping fundamental institutions like the
opportunities
ment, interdiction, and tougher law en-
family remain strong and prosper. We have
We have move
forcement-the antidrug effort, even in
big differences. We talk now about child
nearly all of the
these tight budget times, will receive
care. I want the family to remain strong,
defense and fo:
almost $1 billion in additional funding in
and that's the guiding aim of my child-care
complete. And
1990, a 21-percent increase in the outlays
initiatives: a tax credit proposal designed to
cisions. Others,
over what we'll spend in 1989. We've im-
expand the options of low-income families,
be forthcoming
posed a temporary ban on the import of
keeping the ultimate choice of who will
We're mappi
certain semiautomatic rifles, weapons all too
care for the children in their hands. One of
remarkable cha
often used in drug-related killings. And
my greatest concerns as President of the
change more V
we're tackling the drug epidemic in the
United States is the diminution, the deni-
at any time in
District of Columbia, a test case for a full
gration in some ways of the family struc-
we will lead, W
range of innovative antidrug measures.
ture. We in government must see that ev-
listen to our fr
Of course, dealing with problems that
erything we do is aimed at strengthening,
and work with-
demand immediate attention is only part of
not weakening, the families.
Congress. I've
the picture. We need to look to the long-
Preparing for the future has got to mean
nations, renew
term as well, to focus now on the kind of
protecting our environment. Teddy Roose-
many of them,
future we want to see for ourselves and our
velt put it best when he said: "I do not
tionship with tl
nation. And investing in that future is high
recognize the right to rob, by wasteful use,
Jim Baker has n
on our national agenda.
the generations that come after us." Roose-
ter Shevardnad
606
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 24
it does mean im-
ting in the rising
velt spoke those words almost 80 years ago.
will meet again next month in Moscow to
planning at its
And now. a little more than a decade away
continue that dialog. And as with the bipar-
technological age
from the 21st century, safeguarding our en-
tisan agreement on Nicaragua, I will work
es and capabilities
vironment is a national and international
closely on all international matters with the
and not just the
imperative. And we've taken the first im-
Congress. We have had several meetings
ut each individual
portant steps. We've urged Congress to
already with the leaders of Congress to dis-
The seven-point
enact legislation enabling us to ban the
cuss, in a nonstructured way, consultation-
orm that I sent to
export of hazardous wastes to nations where
not only the process of consultation but
th will help us
safe handling of those dangerous substances
we've begun it on individual areas around
cannot be guaranteed. And in response to
out to students
the globe.
hoice, and intro-
growing concern about global warming, the
Last Monday in Michigan I announced a
U.S. will work in concert with other nations
competition and
new policy towards Poland in recognition of
to end the discharge of CFC's [chlorofluoro-
omote quality in
the positive changes taking place there.
carbons] into the atmosphere by the year
We'll be watching events in Poland close-
2000. And in the case of this Alaskan oil
ifting the empha-
ly-the fate of Solidarność, the follow-
spill, we've taken steps to ensure a Federal
om the localities,
through on the free elections promised by
role that is strong: a Federal role in over-
/ from the diver-
sight of the cleanup effort and to explore
the Polish Government. Freedom is proving
harks of our edu-
a powerful force in world affairs, a force for
ways to prevent such spills in the future or
want to use the
to react more promptly if they should
peace and stability. The United States must
pit to encourage
seize opportunities to strengthen and sup-
occur.
nd to encourage
And finally, we've launched an initiative
port developments that advance the cause
ery way. And I
to strengthen the international strategy on
of freedom, and we will do exactly that.
rs here: I salute
Third World debt, which has already re-
I think we've made a good start these
ady taken up the
ceived broad international support from
first 3 months, and there's more to come.
literacy or drop-
both the industrialized and the developing
The completion of our defense and foreign
-you can do the
countries. We've set our course with this
policy reviews in late May, draft legislation
way. The seven-
policy, and now I want to see this Third
for a new Clean Air Act, a new strategy to
help us reward
World debt a success on a case-by-case
curb the increased use of lethal weapons by
an awful lot as
basis. I want to see us successful as we nego-
drug dealers and other criminals, and new
tiate with Mexico, with Venezuela, and with
initiatives to combat the problem of home-
other countries as well.
lessness-all are on the near horizon.
gentler future
ping Americans
We've examined and I've made decisions
You know, some of my toughest critics
ture of society,
on U.S. strategy for Afghanistan, Poland,
are not in your line of work. Quite often,
utions. like the
Central America, and other problems and
they're the kids, the children who write to
rosper. We have
opportunities needing prompt attention.
me at the White House. I want to share
ow about child
We have moved there. Within a few weeks,
with you a letter from a young 7th grader
remain strong,
nearly all of the far-reaching and systematic
from Torrance, California. He wrote asking
of my child-care
defense and foreign policy reviews will be
me to take action on pollution, toxic waste,
osal designed to
complete. And I've already made some de-
smog, littering-and a very detailed list, if
ncome families,
cisions. Others, including arms control, will
you will, of environmental concerns. And
e of who will
be forthcoming soon.
he says in his letter: "I'm not saying you're
r hands. One of
We're mapping strategies for a period of
doing a bad job, but could you put a little
resident of the
remarkable change in international affairs,
more effort into it?" [Laughter] That letter
tion, the deni-
change more wide-ranging and rapid than
was written on January 20, 1989-Inaugura-
e family struc-
at any time in the postwar period. While
tion Day. [Laughter] And I have no way-
we will lead, we also intend to consult and
ist see that ev-
maybe I ought to check on it as we go to
listen to our friends abroad and to consult
California-I don't know whether I've satis-
strengthening,
and work with-listen to the United States
fied that guy or not. But I can say, I got his
Congress. I've met with the leaders of 34
message. And as I said before, I'm a practi-
as got to mean
nations, renewing my acquaintance with
cal man; I like what's real. I'm not much for
Teddy Roose-
many of them, establishing a working rela-
the airy and the abstract. And I like what
aid: "I do not
tionship with the others. Secretary of State
works.
y wasteful use,
Jim Baker has met once with Foreign Minis-
ter us." Roose-
And there's a running debate now on
ter Shevardnadze of the Soviet Union. He
what it takes to move a nation forward.
607
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
Some will tell you it's ideology that matters.
I want to pay my respects not only to
Arbor Day, 1907: "
Some say it's a question of competence.
Governor and Mrs. Sinner, [former] Gover-
dren would face a 1
And others say that issues are the issue. But
nor Link, Senator Conrad, Congressman
try without trees is a
the fact is, what it takes to move a nation
Dorgan, and other distinguished leaders of
So, let us honor t
can't be captured in one word. It's a matter
the North Dakota legislature. Thank you for
day of North Dako
of principles and performance, ideology and
inviting me. It has been a very emotional
the Nation's first tr
action on the issues. And this administration
day for me. I understand that lost on the
dedicating this Cen
understands that the American people
Iowa was the grandson of a Bismarck
with this White Hou
expect all of this and something more: They
family, and if that family didn't attend
2000, your State 1
expect results.
today's services, I can attest firsthand how
trees, almost half as
And so, while I'm pleased with what's
moving it was and what a wonderful job
State as there are A
been done and what we've accomplished in
our Navy did in holding the loved ones
May each tree add t
these 3 months, there is a long road ahead
close to them, giving them comfort that I
good life in North
of us. And I am optimistic that our reforms
know all Americans would want given to
North America. This
will produce lasting results, that the long-
these families. It was a very moving day.
one of 600 ambitic
range planning we do today will pay off in
And the flags I see at half-mast here are
North Dakotans are
the future, that our consultations with Con-
appropriate tribute to those young men
filling the spirit tha
gress will result in progress in domestic and
who lost their lives.
light: the spirit
international affairs as well. But most of all,
I'm also proud to see that POW and MIA
projects to help seni
this nation is ready to move forward to
flag flying, Governor, right here at this
ing of local and CO
magnificent State capitol because we must
memorial for the N
meet the central challenges that we face:
never forget the POW's and the MIA's.
in the war.
keeping America free, prosperous, and at
When I accepted your invitation to come
This year you're a
peace, tomorrow and into the century
settled here before 1
ahead.
here, I had no idea that part of the program
Thank you very, very much.
was to put me to work. "A sapling," they
State by honoring t
said. "All you'll have to do is to plant a
and daughters of th
sapling." No one told me that the sapling is
strong. And let us e
Note: The President spoke at 12:17 p.m. in
the Grand Ballroom at the Hyatt Regency
about 12 feet tall over there. But I think we
word and deed, th
can figure it out. This hardy elm is a de-
great cultures here
Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred
else-the Native
to William J. Keating, chief executive offi-
scendant of a tree planted on the White
Dakota. These Ame
cer of the Detroit Newspaper Agency; Louis
House lawn by John Quincy Adams. And
when buffalo range
D. Boccardi, president and general manager
now, its seedlings will be a part of North
can learn then fro
of Associated Press; and James F. Tomlin-
Dakota forever.
knowledge that they
son, vice president and assistant to the
And just a few years before this State was
once violated is fore
president of Associated Press.
carved out of the Dakota territory, a young
Around the world
man from New York City set aside a promi-
ognition that envir
nent career in politics to become a North
spect no borders. In
Dakota rancher. Having lost his wife and
in office we've beg
mother in one single day, he came to these
and in concert with
Remarks at the Dedication Ceremony
parts almost insane with grief. No tender-
to this fundamental
for the Centennial Grove in
foot, he worked the range in the harshest
all nations must get
Bismarck, North Dakota
weather, always leading and never follow-
[chlorofluorocarbons]
April 24, 1989
ing. And he wore a sheriff's badge, and he
warming. And as t
roamed the Badlands to singlehandedly
these problems-and
I'm so pleased to be here. Thank you,
bring the worst characters to justice. And in
ening-North Dako
Tom Kleppe. When Secretary-and I say
short, Teddy Roosevelt became a man in
work planting trees
"Secretary" because North Dakotans know
North Dakota. And he became something
dioxide for fresh oxy
that Tom served so well as Secretary of the
else, a guardian of nature. When he went
to celebrate this ma
Interior-former Congressman, but called
back East and back to politics, Teddy Roo-
getting ready for the
me about this marvelous project of yours,
sevelt took with him an understanding that
As you've shown
he's right, I accepted in a hurry. And I'm
the seemingly endless resources of the West
accept as inevitable
very grateful to Governor Sinner and all
were threatened by the unfettered exploita-
our rivers, our wet
involved in the preparations for this won-
tion of man. As President, Teddy Roosevelt
When North Dakot
derful visit.
wrote these words to school children on
centennial, these 2 t
608
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 12
riodically updating
The order reaffirms existing delega-
waivers for certain Presidential appointees.
a
executive branch
tions of authority to issue conflict-of-interest
ions (with the concur-
ttorney General) inter-
neral statute prohibit-
Remarks to the American Society of Newspaper Editors
matters in which em-
financial interests (18
April 12, 1989
d the statute prohibit-
itation of salaries (18
The President. Thank you all very much.
cause such a system as now constituted ulti-
John, thank you-please. Well, I'm delight-
mately breeds cynicism and contempt for
ions (as previously au-
ed to be here and look forward to taking a
the law. To truly reform it, we must re-
ng forth a system for
few questions. I've been getting such a rib-
member that standards of trust and honesty
fidential) financial re-
bing about my highly stylized prose; I
are not dictated from regulations written in
cutive branch employ-
thought it only appropriate for me to share
Washington, DC. Ethics in public service
nent the public disclo-
a few recent headlines with you. [Laughter]
derive from the natural integrity of the
I'm sure nobody here would write things
American people. They are to be found in
bilities include:
like this, but-"Dentist Receives Plaque"-
the everyday conduct of working men and
that was one-[laughter}-"Actor Sent to
women, in the postman checking up on the
; the standards provid-
Jail for Not Finishing Sentence"-[laugh-
elderly resident at home or in the cashier
Executive order, and
ter|-and "The Rest of the Year May Not
who runs after the customer that's been
nsive regulations issued
Follow January." I'm tempted to gloat. If
overcharged. The millions of Americans
of Government Ethics.
that's the standard, I'm not doing too bad.
who meet their obligations honestly and
nts must be prepared
[Laughter]
teach their kids to do it the same way see
o the comprehensive
Adlai Stevenson said: "An editor is a
nothing extraordinary about asking the
egulations, and be ap-
person who separates the wheat from the
same of their government. The American
Office of Government
chaff and prints the chaff." [Laughter] So, I
people are troubled when they hear of offi-
know I'm probably responsible for provid-
th the Office of Gov-
cials in every branch of government, at
ing my fair share of chaff, but after all, I am
whatever level of government, who show a
CS, where practicable,
the guy that said during the campaign, "A
brazen contempt for the letter or spirit of
ing waivers of conflict-
kitchen in every pot"-[laughter]-and also
uirements, and provid-
the law. And the American people do not
that "America's freedom"-I was reminded
understand why certain behavior is consid-
e with a copy of any
by some of these back here-"America's
d.
ered criminal when committed by an exec-
freedom is the example by which the world
proval from the Office
utive branch official-are perfectly legal
expires." [Laughter]
nt Ethics for annual
when committed by someone in another
So, let no one miss the message: As edi-
branch of government. Is not a crime a
ing and awareness ac-
tors you uphold a certain ethical standard in
crime? Should there not be an underlying
your newsrooms, and you've got to do that
ndatory annual training
standard of integrity for all?
because a newspaper is only as good as its
thics for all senior offi-
And as President-elect, I heard about tal-
word. And I think this is no less true of
IS other designated em-
ented men and women who, though per-
government. High ethical standards are
Executive Office of the
fectly honest, declined to come to serve in
central to this administration, and we're
F would be included.
government out of fear-fear of the sheer
going to enforce them strictly, comprehen-
F the ethics program in
complexity of Federal ethics laws, fear that
sively, fairly, and to the letter and spirit of
and provision of ade-
a simple, honest mistake could lead to a
the law.
including the use of a
public nightmare. And these concerns led
item in the budget,
And we've got to work together to
me to issue an Executive order [No. 12668]
reform a public code of conduct that at
able.
creating the President's Commission on
times appears to be in disarray. And it's not
Federal Ethics Law Reform. And I asked its
ld provide that the Ex-
logical or fair-a code-it's both too harsh
and too lenient. And it elevates detail over
members to recommend steps to foster full
e President may not be
substance, precept over principle.
confidence in the integrity of all Federal
for the purpose of the
public officials and employees.
nent cooling-off restric-
And so, today I want to talk to you about
And on March 9, as you may remember,
some proposals of our administration, be-
this Commission filed its report and its rec-
405
Apr. 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
ommendations. It was chaired by Judge
outside income for noncareer Presidential
a pay increase for certa
Wilkey, co-chaired by former Attorney
appointees in the executive branch, includ-
positions, including sp
General Griffin Bell. In fact, the legislation
ing all employees in the immediate White
those out there at the
now resulting from their recommendations
House Office. I am proposing expanded fi-
Health. And I will strol
and other ideas that I have-the legislation
nancial disclosure for all three branches of
creases for these jobs
is being sent to the Congress today. And
government. And I have instructed my staff
tant to this country.
just this morning, I issued an Executive
to perform a comprehensive review of Fed-
My ethics program's
order [No. 12674] announcing ethical prin-
eral campaign finance laws.
nizes that ethical consis
ciples for the conduct of executive branch
Regarding the last, I have already
table standards across {
employees.
reached one determination. Congress
government. And und
Both actions seek a common end: to raise
should extend for all Members the prohibi-
every branch of gover
ethical standards, to avoid conflicts of inter-
tion against the conversion of political con-
none warrants prefere
est, and to ensure that the law is respected
tributions for personal or office use. Political
same standard that app
in fact and in appearance.
donations should not become a sort of indi-
at HUD should also a]
There are those, of course, who say that
vidual retirement account for Members of
committee staff on Cap
public ethics and values cannot be legislat-
ed-and I'm inclined to agree. You're never
the United States Congress. And I call on
tice is either ethical
Congress to close this loophole, and to close
Washington is to be
going to legislate away impropriety or
it this year.
then every player sh
through legislation guarantee that every-
body lives beyond the, you know, percep-
Modern democratic government works
same. And therefore,
tion of criticism-but these values and
best when organized by strong political par-
we must extend the
ties. And yet we've allowed our parties to
statute to cover the
ethics can be encouraged, respected, and
become weakened and overshadowed by
proposing that the Fec
adhered to in government. Public service
special interests. And we can best restore
hibits employees from
must reflect the best values of America.
And let me add that most public servants,
the role of the parties by limiting political
enhance their own fin
tended to cover leg
in my view, do that. And I have served in
action committees. PAC's weaken the par-
the Congress, and I have served in the ex-
ties, restrain competition, and deaden the
branch employees. Th
political debate. And I believe we should
independent ethics of
ecutive branch as well.
Jefferson said: "The whole art of govern-
eliminate contributions to candidates by po-
be headed by a clearl
litical action committees, and I'll be consult-
confirmed by both H
ment consists in being honest." And yet too
often, simple honesty is not enough. Gov-
ing with the Congress about that. And I also
the existing 1-year pos
oppose Federal funding of congressional
off period for the ser
ernment rules have worked at cross-pur-
employees also apply
poses. Our regulations have been complicat-
campaigns. My legislative proposal also
judicial branches.
ed and unequally applied. Our laws have
strengthens the rules against abusing the
And then there's t
been contradictory and unclear. And we've
revolving door for private gain at the ex-
this ethics program. It
spent more time trying to understand Fed-
pense of public trust. These rules must not
be reasonable and I
eral ethics laws than we have trying to live
make Government service a bar to produc-
ioned common sense.
by them.
tive work in the private sector, but they
ests, for example, are
My ethics program seeks to remedy these
must prohibit the appearance of profiting
any meaningful confli
defects. How? By setting four objectives:
from Government service, and this must in-
I want the Office of
first, to establish clear ethical principles;
clude the legislative branch as well.
have the authority to
second, to ensure uniform standards among
I'm proposing a 25-percent pay raise for
thorizing waivers froi
all three branches of government; third, to
Federal judges, while restricting their ac-
terest statute. But at
insist that these standards be fair and rea-
ceptance of honoraria. I also believe that
urging tougher pena
sonable; and fourth, to ensure that these
honoraria for Members of Congress should
violations of crimina
standards attract, not drive out, talented
be banned. And I believe Congress should
laws occur. We're as
men and women to government.
have a pay increase. And I will not make a
three branches to si:
My ethics program first insists that ethical
formal proposal on Congress until after I
must be completed b
standards must be exacting enough to
consult with the leaders of Congress on the
ees. And I'm also
ensure that officials act with the utmost in-
issue of congressional pay. There is no
annual briefings on
tegrity, for the public's confidence is not
point, absolutely no point, in putting Con-
appointees.
ours to inherit. We must earn that confi-
gress through another traumatic bashing
My program's fou:
dence, and it must be constantly renewed.
like the one just completed. And I will in-
tract and keep the I
With this in mind, I have placed a ban on
clude in those consultations the question of
ment by keeping F
406
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 12
areer Presidential
a pay increase for certain executive branch
and balanced.
ve branch, includ-
positions, including specialized jobs like
An ethics law is not a weapon-a blunt
immediate White
those out there at the National Institute of
instrument with which to pound a public
osing expanded fi-
Health. And I will strongly support pay in-
servant. It's not a gag with which to silence
three branches of
creases for these jobs which are so impor-
the outspoken. It's a tool to ensure a gov-
instructed my staff
tant to this country.
ernment as honest as the American people.
ive review of Fed-
My ethics program's second goal recog-
We must not allow overly restrictive re-
S.
nizes that ethical consistency demands equi-
quirements to be abused or to keep talent-
I have already
table standards across all three branches of
ed people from entering public service.
nation. Congress
government. And under our Constitution,
And that is why we have carefully crafted
nbers the prohibi-
every branch of government is equal and
new postemployment restrictions. And
on of political con-
none warrants preferential treatment. The
that's why we want to allow persons who
office use. Political
same standard that applies to a staff person
are required to divest assets to defer their
ome a sort of indi-
at HUD should also apply to housing sub-
tax liability.
it for Members of
committee staff on Capitol Hill. And a prac-
ess. And I call on
tice is either ethical or it is not. And if
My ethics program shows exactly where
phole, and to close
Washington is to be a level playing field,
we are going and why. We seek to attract
then every player should be treated the
and keep the best and brightest in govern-
overnment works
same. And therefore, I am proposing that
ment. And by helping others, by building a
trong political par-
we must extend the independent counsel
better America-honorably, ethically-we
ved our parties to
statute to cover the Congress. I am also
seek to show how public service is not the
proposing that the Federal statute that pro-
sum of our perks or possessions but a meas-
overshadowed by
hibits employees from taking actions that
ure of how we conduct ourselves and what
e can best restore
enhance their own financial interest be ex-
we achieve.
y limiting political
S weaken the par-
tended to cover legislative and judicial
Come to think of it, this is a good code
1, and deaden the
branch employees. There should also be an
for all occupations, from high school to the
believe we should
independent ethics office for Congress, to
highest callings in journalism and govern-
) candidates by po-
be headed by a clearly nonpartisan official,
ment. I am delighted to have the opportu-
confirmed by both Houses. And I ask that
nity to present to you the principles of this
and I'll be consult-
out that. And I also
the existing 1-year postemployment cooling-
ethics package and obviously-I don't want
off period for the senior executive branch
to see this powerful crowd escape without a
; of congressional
employees also apply to the legislative and
pitch-I'd like to have your editorial sup-
ive proposal also
judicial branches.
port for the objectives that I've outlined
gainst abusing the
And then there's the third objective of
here today.
te gain at the ex-
this ethics program. It insists that standards
Thank you all very much, and I'd be glad
ese rules must not
be reasonable and reflect good old-fash-
to take your questions.
e a bar to produc-
ioned common sense. Some financial inter-
e sector, but they
ests, for example, are too minor to create
Political Opportunities for Minorities
rance of profiting
any meaningful conflict of interest at all. So,
Q. Mr. President, my daughter thanks
e, and this must in-
I want the Office of Government Ethics to
you for the autograph you gave us last
ch as well.
have the authority to issue regulations au-
week, and I'm asking this question on her
rcent pay raise for
thorizing waivers from these conflict of in-
behalf. She is a 12-year-old 6th grader-and
estricting their ac-
terest statute. But at the same time, we're
I'm a little nervous here-12-year-old 6th
I also believe that
urging tougher penalties when intentional
grader at Shepherd Elementary School.
of Congress should
violations of criminal conflict of interest
And she asked me after I left the White
e Congress should
laws occur. We're asking officials from all
House, "Daddy, will I ever be President?
1 I will not make a
three branches to simplify the forms that
Will I have a chance to be President like
agress until after I
must be completed by prospective appoint-
Mr. Bush?" She's black and also female. Do
of Congress on the
ees. And I'm also requiring mandatory
you envision, sir, a time when this country
pay. There is no
annual briefings on ethics for Presidential
might be prepared to elect a black and/or
nt, in putting Con-
appointees.
female as President?
traumatic bashing
My program's fourth objective is to at-
The President. Yes, I do. I'd say to her: If
eted. And I will in-
tract and keep the best people in govern-
I can make it, she can make it. But never-
ons the question of
ment by keeping Federal ethics laws fair
theless-[laughter]-no, but seriously, Ben
407
Apr. 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
[Benjamin Johnson, Jr., managing editor of
verely limit and hamper the first amend-
we want to be accessi
the Columbia-Missourian], of course we're
ment. It would pass into law the so-called
rate out-you know,
in changing times here; and the great thing
fairness doctrine. The head-counters say
we'll do at Christmas.
is that she might, by her question, aspire to
that it will probably go through both cham-
I try to do at our hou
be President. And I hope that I can keep
bers quite comfortably. Will you stand with
Joan and Gene, or wh
alive, for at least the time I'm in the White
your predecessor in vetoing that bill should
the Christmas party-
House, the concept-the honor of public
it come to you?
it all categorized and
service, the obligation to put something
The President. Well, I don't want to indi-
body thinks I'm tryii
back into the system, and also the fact that
cate a veto would be necessary, but I will
porter that you have
if you get into the arena you get a very
stand with the previous position that I was a
thing so different th
different perspective than when you're sit-
part of in the last administration.
so, availability-don'
ting outside.
ask stuff you don't li
I'll always love what Sam Rayburn said.
Press Coverage of Presidency
you would whatever
And this is a little off your question for your
Q. Mr. President, since you've taken
ever occupation they
daughter. But as he was listening to some
office, you've greatly increased the access to
misinterpreted, fine
debate with a bunch of staffers, I think it
the Presidency on the part of the press, and
come.
was, up on the Hill, he said, "Well, the
you've taken such initiatives as hosting
And so, I understa
problem is they never ran for sheriff." And
small dinners in your private residence with
few years ago when
it makes a difference. So, I hope that the
reporters and editors. This has sparked
organizations said,
question means she is interested, and I
some debate, and if I can frame it, if you'll
going to be used. 1
hope that the progress this country has
permit me to frame it in the spirit of our
backgrounders or of
made and will make in the future will guar-
about 30 seconds, ai
morning session with Morton Downey and
antee that a black teenager today, female,
Geraldo Rivera [television talk-show hosts]
trooping back in. [1
might well be President of the United
ed that if they wa
and others: Is he trying to woo us, and may
States.
believe me that wh
he succeed in seducing us? Mr. President, if
what we feel is app
Secretary of Defense-Designate Tower
you would explain your philosophy to press
I'll sure-I think V
Q. How do you square that excellent pro-
coverage of the Presidency and the rela-
gram you've just outlined to us, sir, with the
tionship with your administration? I realize
unpersuaded by the
that some of the debate is probably our
Downey-{laughter
Tower nomination and your support right
other guy was that
to the end?
ability to complain, no matter what kind of
The President. I see no contradiction
access we get. But I'd like to hear your
Speaker of the Hou
whatsoever. As you know, I don't want to
views of your relationship to the media.
Q. Mr. President
relive the Tower question, but I believe
The President. Well, in the first place,
this ethics progr
that judgments should be made on reality,
when Barbara and I invite a reporter and
branch, I'd like to
not on perception. I didn't like what hap-
her spouse or a reporter and his spouse to
another situation in
pened, and I don't think that it is any con-
the White House for an upstairs dinner,
The President. C
flict at all with any of the four points I
we're doing that not to seduce the press-
son B. Tinsley, edi
made here today. So, I'd simply-and noth-
[laughter]-treating them as human beings.
the Fort Worth Si
ing convinced me from the hearings of that,
And one of the reasons-you've asked my
Go ahead.
because I don't think that there was any-
press policy-one of the reasons I don't take
Q. That is the 1
thing that was pointed out to definitively-
questions over the sound of the helicopter
mittee investigati
that conflicts with what we've talked about
blades out there is: I want to treat the press
Wright. The Wa:
here. So, I just would respectfully disagree
with the dignity to which it is entitled. And
this morning that
with the conclusion that the United States
if you have to get your question answered
mittee would be
Senate reached. And I'm going to work
by screaming at me when I don't want to
Department for
with them. We're going forward now. And
answer it, you don't look very good. And I
Federal law viola
they promptly confirmed Dick Cheney. But
don't think it's very good for the White
belief by some in
I just don't see any there at all.
House.
tion of John Towe
And so, what I've tried to do is have
Secretary of Def
Fairness Doctrine
enough availability. In fact, I'm going to
an attempt by th
Q. Mr. President, this week the House
cross this one up as a press conference for
taliate against Sp
committee reported out a bill which most
the record. One more notch so I can go to
comment on that
of the people in this room think would se-
those doubters-[laughter]-and say, look,
The President.
408
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 12
per the first amend-
we want to be accessible. But I would sepa-
the last part first, and I know of no such
into law the so-called
rate out-you know, I don't know what
retaliatory action. I think it would be impos-
e head-counters say
we'll do at Christmas. So, what Barbara and
sible to do anyway. And it would be wrong,
0 through both cham-
I try to do at our house is say, hey, you and
and certainly I would condemn anyone in
'. Will you stand with
Joan and Gene, or whoever it is, come on to
our administration that had any hand in
etoing that bill should
the Christmas party-and not have to have
anything of that nature. Secondly, there is
it all categorized and so afraid that some-
nothing in this ethics package-when I call
I don't want to indi-
body thinks I'm trying to seduce some re-
for an even playing field-Congress, execu-
necessary, but I will
porter that you have to be treated as some-
tive branch, and judicial branch do have
S position that I was a
thing so different than anybody else. And
the same standards that should in any way,
nistration.
so, availability-don't get mad when they
directly or indirectly, be interpreted as in-
ask stuff you don't like, and treat people as
tervening in the matter now before the
dency
you would whatever walk of life or what-
House Ethics Committee. And surely,
since you've taken
ever occupation they come from. And if it's
Jack-and I know there's this interest, par-
creased the access to
misinterpreted, fine. You don't have to
ticularly in your area and in my State. And
part of the press, and
come.
I think it's wider than that now in the mat-
litiatives as hosting
And so, I understand. I remember back a
ters that are going forward there. But the
rivate residence with
few years ago when one of the great news
last thing I want to do is involve myself in
This has sparked
organizations said, "Okay, we're no longer
any way.
an frame it, if you'll
going to be used. We're not going to any
And please believe me, there is no-on
in the spirit of our
backgrounders or off the record." It lasted
my view, I answered the first question as
Morton Downey and
about 30 seconds, and those reporters came
frankly as I could about the John Tower
ion talk-show hosts]
trooping back in. [Laughter] But I respect-
matter. But in terms of getting even or
to woo us, and may
ed that if they want to do it; but please
something of that nature by unfairly inter-
us? Mr. President, if
believe me that when we do it this way, it's
vening into a process that is now being han-
philosophy to press
what we feel is appropriate. And if it's not,
dled by the Ethics Committee in the House,
I'll sure-I think we'll take a hit, but I'm
lency and the rela-
I simply wouldn't condone that at all, and I
inistration? I realize
unpersuaded by the gentle logic of Morton
would condemn it. So, I want to separate
ite is probably our
Downey-[laughter]-and whoever that
out what's happening there from this pack-
matter what kind of
other guy was that was here.
age, and certainly, in response to your ques-
like to hear your
Speaker of the House Wright
tion, from any politics of retaliation because
p to the media.
Q. Mr. President, since you've announced
of my view that the Tower matter was not
in the first place,
this ethics program for the executive
handled the way I would like to have. seen
vite a reporter and
branch, I'd like to ask your comments about
it handled.
r and his spouse to
another situation involving ethics.
Oliver North
an upstairs dinner,
The President. Oops. Nice try, Jack [Jack-
seduce the press-
son B. Tinsley, editor and vice president of
Q. At this point in time, would you call
n as human beings.
the Fort Worth Star-Telegram]. [Laughter]
Ollie North a real American hero?
-you've asked my
Go ahead.
The President. Anybody that gets a
reasons I don't take
Q. That is the long running Ethics Com-
Purple Heart and sheds his blood fighting
d of the helicopter
mittee investigation of House Speaker Jim
for his country deserves to be called an
it to treat the press
Wright. The Washington Times reported
American hero. And it was in that context
1 it is entitled. And
this morning that the findings of this com-
that I made those claims, and in that con-
question answered
mittee would be turned over to the Justice
text that I will repeat them. And the last
en I don't want to
Department for investigation of possible
thing I want to do is intervene in that
very good. And I
Federal law violations. And also, there is a
matter that is now before the courts. But
od for the White
belief by some in Texas that since the rejec-
that's how I feel about those who risk their
tion of John Tower as your first nominee for
lives to save this country.
ied to do is have
Secretary of Defense, that there might be
Texans in Government
fact, I'm going to
an attempt by the Republican Party to re-
ess conference for
taliate against Speaker Wright. Would you
Q. In view of the fact that there's a pro-
otch so I can go to
comment on that, please?
gram on the table to put a space establish-
r]-and say, look,
The President. Well, let me comment on
ment in Houston and the supercollider is
409
Apr. 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
going to be built in Jack's backyard, or has
there, they came back with the unanimous
50 percent now, an
been selected to be built in Jack's backyard,
recommendation that federalizing wasn't
enough standard. So
and two or three of the top administrative
appropriate. The Federal assets-we have
let's do better in p
officials are from Texas, is there a real back-
moved forward now on the cleanup. The
ment. If there's a
lash developing because of that? We saw
first was containment, and now it's mainly
agency or another
the Georgia Mafia. We saw the California
in the cleanup phase, although there still
faster, I will be the I
Mafia talked about by the press. Is this
are some containment problems.
But we've got to k
going to happen? And is it going to hurt
Subsequently-and maybe I should
tive.
your program?
accept some criticism on whether I should
And I am very pl
The President. No. [Laughter] No, we've
have done this a week before we did, or
Government is as ir
made appointments that are excellent in
something of that nature; I'm giving you
now. I also would li
my view, men and women of standing. And
the reasons-but I think that the Federal
teers involved. And I
the fact that some of them come from my
Government is properly involved, but we
pitch for strong sup
home State-hey, what's wrong with that?
should not have done what some are urging
liability laws. Some,
And the supercollider decision was made by
upon us: federalize that whole cleanup. And
groups, are kept frc
President Reagan. It's a good decision. I
you know, it's a tough one. I do know the
not on this one but
want to support it. The space center was
corner of the Maine coast you're talking
because of the fe
made by-I guess when President Johnson
was in office, or maybe under President
about and something about the pristine
claims. So, this is a
nature of Prince William Sound. And I do
learn that much froi
Kennedy-I'm not sure. And it should have
strong support. But I don't see any risk of
have a great concern about the environ-
But I think maybe
ment. I want to do better. I want to do
blame. But I thin
backlash at all, provided you get people
better and set higher standards in the envi-
action, and I hope it
that measure up. And that's what I'm trying
to do.
ronment. But I also happen to believe that
Iran Arms and Con
Q. Mr. President, I apologize. I've ne-
the national security needs of this country
glected the far left, which some would say
are served by having a production offshore
Q. Mr. President,
and by producing oil from the North Slope.
over, will you tell
is out of character for me. [Laughter]
The President. Note that he said that, not
And it is awful hard to guarantee against a
you were the so-c
contingency in a 10-mile-wide channel after
sent to Honduras
I. [Laughter] Go ahead.
thousands and thousands and thousands
affair and, if you W
Alaskan Oil Spill
are-put it millions of barrels have gone
ing of what you did
Q. Mr. President, I live and work in a
through there safely, and now, apparently,
State with a 2,500-mile coastline, a coastline
what human error seems to have caused
that includes an oil terminal as well as the
this aberration. It's hard to have a contin-
village of Kennebunkport. I'm wondering
gency plan against that.
Remarks at the
why it took so long for the Government to
And the other day, they asked me about
April 12, 1989
move on the Alaskan oil spill. Why didn't
that and said-well, you know, because
the Government-the Federal Govern-
there were some saying, "Well, you ought
The President. M.
ment-move more boldly, more quickly to
to shut down the oil coming out of Prince
clean up the spill?
William Sound, coming out of the Port of
ice community an
The President. I think the Federal Gov-
Valdez." And I said, "Well, to guarantee
and friends, what
ernment moved much more quickly and
against what happened, should shut down
is. Let me say, it's
more boldly than it gets credit for. I consid-
all the production off of Louisiana and
Yogi Berra might
er the United States Coast Guard a part of
Texas." I'm not sure I understand the dif-
company-[laught
the United States Government. And the
ference. And I think we have got to do
ter] I want to tha
Coast Guard moved very rapidly. What we
everything we can to learn from this. We've
warmth of your re
did not want to do-and I'm convinced
got to do everything we can to have a plan
kindness. And let
now, even in retrospect, that this decision is
that is based not on a third of this bill but
some who are resp
correct-was to relieve the Exxon Corpora-
on the totality of this bill in terms of recov-
sively successful
tion of its liability by federalizing. And
ery. But I simply do not want this disaster
course, to the Int
when I promptly sent our able EPA Admin-
to-this isn't all your question, but project-
Fire Chiefs and F
istrator [William K. Reilly] and our head of
ing a little-to weaken the national security
tional Society of
the Coast Guard, Admiral Yost, and Sam
interest by making us further and further
the National Fir
Skinner, the Secretary of Transportation, up
dependent on foreign oil. We're about up to
the National Voli
410
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 12
the unanimous
50 percent now, and that is not a good
The President. I think I've given a full
alizing wasn't
enough standard. So, let's learn from this;
accounting. I would refer you, sir, to what-
sets-we have
let's do better in protecting the environ-
incidentally, in today's paper-to what was
cleanup. The
ment. If there's a lesson here that one
said by Ambassador Negroponte [U.S. Am-
ow it's mainly
agency or another might have moved
bassador to Mexico] and also Tony Motley
igh there still
faster, I will be the first to learn from that.
[former Assistant Secretary of State for
ms.
But we've got to keep a certain perspec-
Inter-American Affairs], who sat in on that
e I should
tive.
meeting. And having said that, every attor-
ether I should
And I am very pleased that the Federal
ney that advises the President has advised
re we did, or
Government is as involved as it should be
me not to do something that inadvertently
'm giving you
now. I also would like to see more volun-
would cause a mistrial or would disturb the
it the Federal
teers involved. And therein, I would make a
process that is underway. And so, I don't
olved, but we
pitch for strong support for revision of our
like reading charges that I happen to feel
me are urging
liability laws. Some, I am told, in volunteer
are untrue, but I have to stand on that. And
è cleanup. And
groups, are kept from helping out-maybe
that just goes with the territory. And I am
[ do know the
not on this one but in many other areas-
confident that the process that has gone on,
you're talking
because of the fear-outrageous liability
and the process that undoubtedly will go on
t the pristine
claims. So, this is a good-we can maybe
after this trial is over, will say that anything
und. And I do
learn that much from this disaster up there.
I have heretofore said is correct. But I do
the environ-
But I think maybe we should take some
not want to be pushed into doing some-
I want to do
blame. But I think we've had prudent
thing for self-aggrandizement that would be
ds in the envi-
action, and I hope it's been timely.
ruled by some judge to have aborted a trial
to believe that
that is underway.
Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy
of this country
Well, thank you all very much.
action offshore
Q. Mr. President, when the North trial is
e North Slope.
over, will you tell the American people if
Note: The President spoke at 1:35 p.m. in
intee against a
you were the so-called discreet emissary
the Grand Ballroom at the J.W. Marriott
e channel after
sent to Honduras during the Iran-contra
Hotel. He was introduced by John Seigen-
and thousands
affair and, if you were, give a full account-
thaler, president of the American Society of
els have gone
ing of what you did there?
Newspaper Editors.
w, apparently,
) have caused
have a contin-
Remarks at the Congressional Fire Services Institute Dinner
sked me about
April 12, 1989
tnow, because
'ell, you ought
out of Prince
The President. Members of the fire serv-
the Volunteer Firemen's Insurance Serv-
of the Port of
ice community and ladies and gentlemen
ices.
to guarantee
and friends, what a wonderful evening this
And I want to also salute the individual
ild shut down
is. Let me say, it's a great privilege to be, as
representatives of the fire service communi-
Louisiana and
Yogi Berra might say, in such extinguished
ty and then the members of the Congres-
rstand the dif-
company-{laughter]-al fired up. [Laugh-
sional Fire Service Caucus, now the third-
ave got to do
ter] I want to thank you, though, for that
largest, I believe, technically. But if I know
om this. We've
warmth of your reception here and for your
Congressman Curt Weldon, you're going to
to have a plan
kindness. And let me just first congratulate
be number one. Let me salute the members
of this bill but
some who are responsible for this first, mas-
of Congress that are gathered here, and
terms of recov-
sively successful event. I'm referring, of
particularly singling out not only the fire-
nt this disaster
course, to the International Associations of
fighter's best friend, Congressman Curt
n, but project-
Fire Chiefs and Fire Fighters, the Interna-
Weldon-he talked about a sleeping giant
ational security
tional Society of Fire Service Instructors,
awakened; you try sleeping-{laughter}-
er and further
the National Fire Protection Association,
with Curt Weldon on your case, giving you
're about up to
the National Volunteer Fire Council, and
a hot foot-but Congressman Doug Wal-
411
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
October 17, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
IN TELECONFERENCE WITH THE
ASSOCIATED PRESS MANAGING EDITORS ASSOCIATION CONVENTION
Old Executive Office Building
12:15 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Ralph. Thank you very much.
Thank you for the plug for the Texas Rangers. It's nice being
introduced in Detroit by a fellow Texan. It's also nice to see Lou
Boccardi again. He's on the corner of my screen -- about half of Lou
is there. But let me just say I am very sorry I couldn't join you
for today's lunch, especially since it's miserable, rainy and cold
here, and I'm sure it's nice and sunny out there.
Let me open with an apology. I know that many of you
depend on Washington to provide grist for news stories. And I know
that we just haven't held up our end of the deal. In recent weeks,
things around here have been just plain dull.
Actually, I appreciate this opportunity to speak with
you. I'd like to get a couple of gripes off my chest. First, can
you get the delivery people to stop throwing our paper in the shrubs?
And I know you love it when people ask about that.
Second -- and I know you're tired of hearing this one -
-but couldn't you focus on the good news for once? You know, there's
a great Anne Murray song -- I'm a country music fan -- Anne Murray of
Canada, a song called "A Little Good News." And let me recite for
you one verse. One nice verse:
"I came home this evening. I bet that the news will be
the same. Somebody takes a hostage, somebody steals a plane. How I
want to hear the anchorman talk about a county fair, how we cleaned
the air, how everybody learned to care."
Well, I think that's a great idea, not exactly what your
work is about, and I understand that. But I've just about had it
with all the bad news about lawyers, and bankruptcies, and strikes,
and business seizures, and stock splits, and profit-sharing, and
wars, and bitter personal feuds. Just once, just once, I'd like to
see you limit the sports pages to scores and standings.
Today I want to talk about a subject that many of your
papers discuss regularly: our administration's domestic policy. And
I've talked with audiences around the nation about our initiatives on
crime, on education, on energy, transportation and many other
matters. But today let me focus on an issue of great concern in
Detroit and, as a matter of fact, throughout our nation -- economic
growth. And let me start with some good news. I cite this
recognizing that a lot of people are still hurting. But the trends,
the economic trends, look good.
Industrial production, for example, has risen for five
straight months. Housing starts have risen 26 percent since January.
The unemployment rate in September fell to 6.7 percent, down three-
tenths of a percent in three months, and the lowest rate in nearly
MORE
- 3 -
would create a unified market consisting of the United States,
Canada, just across the river from you, and Mexico.
We've pursued the Enterprise for the Americas
Initiative, which promises to encourage economic growth throughout
our hemisphere and build ties of mutual interest. We've promoted
tort reform -- and this is an important one, and I sure would like to
ask your support -- we have promoted tort reform to cut down on
needless litigation and the costs that that imposes on every single
industry. And we've fought against regulations that produce red tape
without improving the quality of American life. We've still got a
ways to go there, I will admit.
We've worked to build a more intelligent, flexible
workforce through our America 2000 Education Strategy. It's a little
longer-range, but very, very important. And, finally, we've worked
to maintain the fiscal discipline established by last year's
controversial budget agreement.
When people say that we have no domestic agenda, they
simply have not seen the facts. We have a good forward-looking
agenda. Congressional leaders just won't act on it. This is one of
the great problems of a divided government, where you have the
President of one party and both Houses controlled by another.
I know that you will spend two sessions discussing
economic issues tomorrow. And I'd also like to encourage you to
think about ways of improving the coverage of economic issues.
They're not the sexiest, they're not the most vital, they aren't the
most interesting, but they are the most vital.
Urge your reporters to take a hard, fair, informed look
at these policies and then at the congressional alternatives. Ask
them to study the history of capital gains cuts. Ask them to discuss
banking reform proposals with leading bankers in your town. Ask them
to dig deeper and deeper for the facts and to treat sweeping
generalizations and slogans, whether they come from me or somebody
else, with proper skepticism. Well, since you're editors, I suppose
you could tell them, not ask them.
A free press truly can serve as a guide to good public
policy, but only if reporters and editors take seriously their duty
to inform the public in a comprehensive, balanced manner. I am very
sorry that I couldn't join you today in Detroit. But I am glad that
we have been able to get together by this video hookup, and I wish
you all the best in your meetings over the next three days.
May God bless our great country. And now I'll be glad
to take a couple of questions.
Q
Mr. President, many of the people in this room feel
that the American people didn't receive an entirely complete or
timely report on the Persian Gulf war because of the requirement for
press pools in virtually every situation, not just situations where
independent reporting was physically impossible. One particularly
sensitive issue was prior review of stories and pictures. Right now,
a group of editors is talking with Pentagon people about those
feelings. Without prejudging what they come up with, I wondered if
you think it's possible to restore the kind of aggressive and
independent reporting that characterized American newspaper reporting
of World War II and Korea and Vietnam, rather than this somewhat
pool-driven, briefing-driven coverage of the Persian Gulf war?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I think there can be room for
improvement. I thought some of you all's people were going to meet
with Dick Cheney on this. It is my understanding that the final
decision on whether to go public with disputed material really rested
at the hands of the outlets.
MORE
- 5 -
supported Judge Thomas overwhelmingly. Women activists, feminist
groups might not have, but women overwhelming supported Judge Thomas
as did men, as did the entire country with minority Americans, Afro-
Americans supporting him even more than the national average. When
you've separated out the Afro-Americans, support was even stronger
there.
So I don't start from the defensive posture on having
nominated this good man to the court. And I also believe that he
will be an independent justice. And I believe that he going to
surprise some who think they know exactly where he stands on every
single social issue.
Now, in terms of discrimination, sexual harassment in
the workplace, I have a civil rights bill before the Congress now --
you haven't heard much about it because they just keep beating me
over the head to pass their civil rights bill -- I'm talking about
the Democratic leaders. Ours is the only one, I believe, that
addresses further the question of sexual harassment in the workplace.
And we have a good policy on this as it is in the Executive Branch,
And I think everybody should take it very, very seriously. And maybe
even though a lot of it was deeply offensive to American families
across this country with its graphic detail, maybe something good
will come out of it. And by that, I mean a sensitizing of the
populous to the problem, the legitimate problem of sexual harassment.
Having said that, I wish that the country had been
spared some of the detail that I think should have been assigned to
the Congress. Anita Hill, as you remember, she didn't want to bring
out this graphic detail. And had that graphic detail not been out
there, I think the hearing could have been properly done. Her
charges could have been properly heard in some executive session.
And I don't think the people would have been denied anything that
they had a right to know about. I think sometimes when you get to
subjects that are that sensitive, it is well to delegate to your
elected officials.
So I was troubled -- I was thinking of my little
grandchildren hearing some of the graphic sex allegations. And yet,
setting that aside for a minute, I do think there was something
sensitizing about the question of sexual harassment. The problem is,
there was also something sensitizing about the process itself, where
a good man, on the eve of confirmation, had a last-minute charge
raised about him, a charge stemming back from ten years before. And
this troubled the American people, and I think that's one of the
reasons support for Judge Thomas -- about to be Mr. Justice
Thomas -- increased as the hearings went on.
So let's hope -- you know, I think you also mentioned --
I didn't write the notes down properly here -- I think you also
mentioned what Justice Thomas said -- maybe you didn't -- but I've
been doing a series of interviews here -- what he said about healing
and getting on with it I think makes a good deal of sense.
I will be coming out -- in answer to part of your
question here -- next week with some suggestions -- not in anger, not
for partisan political gain, certainly not assailing the Congress in
which I once served, but hopefully making constructive suggestions as
to how we can avoid in the future, that which the American people --
I think rather unanimously think -- has been a kind of a messy
situation.
It's been very interesting here. Everyone -- including
me -- have been glued to our television sets. We saw some ugliness.
We saw some good things. We saw some people that wanted to bring
this man down for reasons having nothing to do with sexual
harassment. But we also saw the prevailing wisdom of the American
people.
June theu September
copy
October 11, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR CHRISTINA MARTIN
FROM:
CAROL AARHUS
JEANNIE BUNTON
MICHELE NIX
BOB SIMON
SUBJECT:
REFERENCES TO SPECIFIC DOMESTIC AGENDA
Per your request, we have compiled the following outline --
month-to-month, issue-by-issue, and speech-by-speech. The number
of utterances refer to the total number of instances the
President mentioned each issue.
JUNE, 1991
Crime:
June 1 -- West Point Commencement; 1 utterance
June
4 -- Thornburgh Resignation; 1 utterance
June 12 -- Domestic Policy Address/South Lawn; 3 utterances
June 14 -- Cal Tech Commencement; 2 utterances
June 15 -- Presidential Dinner; 2 utterances
June 17 -- Kasten Fundraiser; 2 utterances
Law Enforcement Address; 10 utterances
June 22 -- Radio Address; 5 utterances
June 25 -- Law Enforcement Luncheon; 10 utterances
TOTAL: 36
Growth/Capital Gains/Incentives:
June 1 -- West Point Commencement; 1 utterance
June 3 -- NFIB; 2 utterances
June 15 -- Presidential Dinner; 1 utterance
June 17 -- Kasten Fundraiser; 3 utterances
June 22 -- Radio Address; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 8
- continued -
Transportation:
June 12 -- Domestic Policy Address/South Lawn; 2 utterances
June 14 -- Cal Tech Commencement; 1 utterance
June 15 -- President's Dinner; 2 utterances
June 17 -- Kasten Fundraiser; 1 utterance
June 21 -- AASHTO; 16 utterances
June 22 -- Radio Address; 7 utterances
TOTAL: 29
Energy:
June 22 -- Radio Address; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 1
Education:
June 1 -- West Point Commencement; 1 utterance
June 3 -- National Education Goals Panel; 5 utterances
Educational Leaders; 13 utterances
June 6 -- Southern Baptist Convention; 4 utterances
June 7 -- Drug-Free Schools; 11 utterances
June 11 -- PBS; 20 utterances
Delaware High School; 12 utterances
June 12 -- Domestic Policy Address/South Lawn; 1 utterance
June 13 -- Immunization Event/Rose Garden; 1 utterance
June 14 -- Cal Tech Commencement; 2 utterances
June 15 -- President's Dinner; 2 utterances
June 17 -- Grand Junction, Colorado; 16 utterances
Kasten Fundraiser; 2 utterances
June 19 -- Presidential Scholars; 8 utterances
June 22 -- Radio Address; 2 utterances
TOTAL: 100
JULY, 1991
Crime:
July 1 -- Thomas Nomination Announcement; 3 utterances
July 18 -- News Conf. with Mitsotakis; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 4
- continued -
Growth/Capital Gains/incentives:
July 1 -- Thomas Nomination Announcement; 1 utterance
July 8 -- Remarks/Affordable Housing; 2 utterances
July 10 -- Greenspan Renomination Announcement; 2 utterances
July 18 -- Press Conference with Mitsotakis; 1 utterance
July 19 -- Remarks at the Greek-American COC; 4 utterances
July 24 -- NES; 1 utterance
########
July 25 -- Remarks signing Literacy Act; 1 utterance
July 29 -- Upcoming Moscow Summit; 12 utterances
July 31 -- Remarks/Soviet-U.S. Businessmen; 26 utterances
TOTAL: 50
Transportation:
NONE
Energy:
July 24 -- NES; 16 utterances
TOTAL: 16
Education:
July 8 --- New American Schools; 8 utterances
July 10 -- WHCLIS; 7 utterances
July 25 -- Remarks Signing Literacy Act; 6 utterances
July 29 -- Upcoming Moscow Summit; 1 utterance
July 30 -- Moscow Institute Remarks; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 23
AUGUST, 1991
Crime:
August 6 -- All-American Cities; 1 utterance
8th Annual Night Out; 27 utterances
August 14 -- Nat'l Fraternal Order of Police; 74 utterances
August 18 -- NGA Teleconference; 1 utterance
August 22 -- Exchange With Reporters; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 104
- continued -
Growth/Capital Gains/Incentives:
August 1 -- Remarks to the Supreme Soviet; 10 utterances
August 2 -- President's News Conference; 27 utterances
August 6 -- All-American Cities; 2 utterances
August 18 -- NGA Teleconference; 3 utterances
TOTAL: 42
Transportation:
August 18 -- NGA Teleconference; 10 utterances
August 22 -- Exchange With Reporters; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 11
Energy:
August 18 -- NGA Teleconference; 27 utterances
August 22 -- Exchange With Reporters; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 28
Education:
August 2 -- President's News Conference; 5 utterances
August 18 -- NGA Teleconference; 53 utterances
August 22 -- Exchange With Reporters; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 59
SEPTEMBER, 1991
Crime:
September 12 -- Philly Drug Speech; 1 utterance
Thornburgh Fundraiser; 5 utterances
September 16
-- Medal of Sci. and Tech.; 6 utterances
September
17
-- Teleconf. w/Schoolchildren; 10 utterances
September 19
--
Packwood Fundraiser; 2 utterances
Seymour Fundraiser; 3 utterances
September
20
--
Hispanic coc; 9 utterances
September 24 -- NJ GOP; 3 utterances
September 30
--
Disney POL Speech; 1 utterance
Beacon Council; 4 utterances
Buddy Roemer Fundraiser; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 45
- continued -
Growth/Capital Gains/incentives:
September 6 -- NATAT; 3 utterances
September 12
-- President's News Conference; 1 utterance
September 16
--
SERI; 1 utterance
September 20
--
Hispanic COC; 7 utterances
September 24
--
NJ GOP; 11 utterances
September 30
--
Beacon Council; 7 utterances
Buddy Roemer Fundraiser; 3 utterances
TOTAL: 33
Transportation:
September
6
:
NATAT; 6 utterances
September 12
:
Thornburgh Fundraiser; 1 utterance
September 18
I
GOP Salt Lake; 2 utterance
September 19
--
Packwood Fundraiser; 4 utterances
Green Line/I-105 Project; 12 utterances
September 30
:
Beacon Council; 1 utterance
Buddy Roemer Fundraiser; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 27
Energy:
September 12 -- Thornburgh fundraiser; 2 utterances
September 16
I
SERI; 28 utterances
Medal of Sci. and Tech. ; 2 utterances
September 18
:
Grand Canyon; 1 utterance
September 19
I
Packwood Fundraiser; 1 utterance
Seymour Fundraiser; 1 utterance
September 30
:
Beacon Council; 1 utterance
TOTAL: 36
- continued -
Education:
September 2
--
Labor Day Message; 1 utterance
September
3
--
Lewiston, Maine; 22 utterances
September
4
--
Exchange with Reporters; 2 utterances
Peace Corps Dir. Resig. ; 2 utterances
America 2000 Conference Call; 1 utterance
September 6
--
NATAT; 10 utterances
September 11
--
Stan Scott Tribute; 3 utterances
September 18
--
SLC Airport Arrival; 2 utterances
Salt Lake City GOP; 12 utterances
September 19
:
Packwood Fundraiser; 18 utterances
Seymour Fundraiser; 11 utterances
September 24 -- NJ GOP; 8 utterances
September 25
-- Minority Business Week; 1 utterance
Blue Ribbon Schools; 9 utterances
September 30
--
Beacon Council; 3 utterances
Buddy Roemer Fundraiser; 6 utterances
TOTAL: 111
Thus concludes our research on this matter. Please call if
you have any questions, or need further explanation.
828
Firsts in America
Firsts in America
This selection is based on our editorial judgment. Other sources may list different firsts.
U.S. SOCIETIES & ASSOCIATIONS
Admiral in U.S. Navy: David Glasgow Farragut,
Skyscraper: Home Insurance Co., Chicago, 1885
1866.
(10 floors, 2 added later).
Source: Information Please questionnaires to organizations. Names are listed alphabetically according to key word in title;
figure in parentheses is year of founding; other figure is membership. An asterisk (*) before a name indicates that up-to-
Slaves brought into America: At Jamestown, Va.,
date information has not been provided.
Air-mail route, first transcontinental: Between
New York City and San Francisco, 1920.
1619, from a Dutch ship.
Assembly, representative: House of Burgesses,
Sorority: Kappa Alpha Theta, at De Pauw Univer-
The following is a partial list selected for general
readership interest. A comprehensive listing of ap-
Agricultural Engineers, American Society of
founded in Virginia, 1619.
sity, 1870.
proximately 20,000 national and international or-
(1907): 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, Mich.
Bank established: Bank of North America, Phila-
State to abolish capital punishment: Michigan,
49085. 12,000. Phone: (616) 429-0300.
ganizations can be found in the "Encyclopedia of
delphia, 1781.
1847.
Agricultural History Society (1919): 1301 New
Associations," 20th Ed., 1986, Vol. I, Parts 1-3
(Katherine Gruber, Editor; Iris Cloyd, Research
York Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. 1,400.
State to enter Union after original 13: Vermont,
Phone: (202) 786-3307.
Birth in America to English parents: Virginia Dare,
1791.
Editor), published by Gale Research Company,
born Roanoke Island, N.C., 1587.
Book Tower, Detroit, Mich. 48226, available in
Agronomy, American Society of (1907): 677 S.
Steam-heated building: Eastern Hotel, Boston,
most public libraries.
Segoe Rd., Madison, Wis. 53711-1086. 13,000.
Botanic garden: Established by John Bartram in
Phone: (608) 273-8080.
Philadelphia, 1728 and is still in existence in its
1845.
Abortion Federation, National (1977): 1436 St.
Air & Waste Management Association (formerly
original location.
Steam railroad (carried passengers and freight):
N.W., Suite 103, Washington, D.C., 20009. 285.
APCA) (1907): P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Phone: (202) 546-9060.
15230. 10,000. Phone: (412) 232-3444.
Cartoon, colored: "The Yellow Kid," by Richard
Baltimore & Ohio, 1830.
Outcault, in New York World, 1895.
Strike on record by union: Journeymen Printers,
Abortion Rights Action League, National (1969):
Aircraft Association, Experimental (1953): Witt-
1101 14th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
man Field, Oshkosh, Wis. 54903-3086. 125,
College: Harvard, founded 1636.
New York City, 1776.
250,000. Phone: (202) 371-0779.
000. Phone: (414) 426-4800.
Subway: Opened in Boston, 1897.
Accountants, American Institute of Certified Public
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (1939):
College to confer degrees on women: Oberlin
(1887): 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York,
421 Aviation Way, Frederick, Md. 21701. 290,
000. Phone: (301) 695-2000.
(Ohio) College, 1841.
"Tabloid" picture newspaper: The Illustrated
N.Y. 10036. 284,000. Phone: (212) 575-6200.
Daily News (now The Daily News), New York City,
Accountants, National Association of (1919): 10
Air Force Association (1946): 1501 Lee Highway,
College to establish coeducation: Oberlin (Ohio)
1919.
Paragon Dr., Montvale, N.J., 07645-1760. 85,
Arlington, Va., 22209. 231,000. Phone: (703)
247-5800.
College, 1833.
000. Phone: (201) 573-9000.
Electrocution of a criminal: William Kemmler in
Vaudeville theater: Gaiety Museum, Boston, 1883.
ACME, Inc.-The association of management con-
Air Line Pilots Association (1931): 1625 Massa-
Auburn Prison, Auburn, N.Y., Aug. 6, 1890.
sulting firms (1929): 230 Park Ave., New York,
chusetts Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 and
Woman astronaut to ride in space: Dr. Sally K.
N.Y. 10169. 60 firms. Phone: (212) 697-9693.
535 Herndon Pkwy., Herndon, Va. 22070. 41,
Ride, 1983.
000. Phone: (703) 689-2270.
Five and Ten Cents Store: Founded by Frank Wool-
Acoustical Society of America (1929): 500 Sunny-
worth, Utica, N.Y., 1879 (moved to Lancaster, Pa.,
Woman astronaut to walk in space: Dr. Kathryn D.
side Blvd., Woodbury, N.Y. 11797. 6,200. Phone:
Air Transport Association of America (1936):
Sullivan, 1984.
(516) 349-7800.
1709 New York Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C.
same year).
Actors' Equity Association (1913): 165 W. 46th
20006. 21 airlines. Phone: (202) 626-4000.
Fraternity: Phi Beta Kappa; founded Dec. 5, 1776,
Woman cabinet member: Frances Perkins, Secre-
St., New York, N.Y. 10036. Phone: (212) 869-
Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters, Inc. (1951):
8530.
P.O. Box 862, Midtown Station, New York, N.Y.
at College of William and Mary.
tary of Labor, 1933.
Woman candidate for President: Victoria Claffin
Actuaries, Society of (1949): 475 N. Martingale
10018-0862. 29,301 groups worldwide. Phone:
Law to be declared unconstitutional by U.S. Su-
(800) 356-9996.
Rd., Suite 800, Schaumburg, III. 60173-2226.
preme Court: Judiciary Act of 1789. Case: Marbury
Woodhull, nominated by National Woman's Suf-
10,800. Phone: (312) 706-3500.
Alcoholics Anonymous (1935): P.O. Box 459,
V. Madison, 1803.
frage Assn. on ticket of Nation Radical Reformers,
Adirondack Mountain Club (1922): RD 3, Box
Grand Central Station, New York, N.Y. 10163.
1872.
3055, Luzerne Rd., Lake George, N.Y. 12845.
1,800,000. Address communications to General
Library, circulating: Philadelphia, 1731.
Woman candidate for Vice-President: Geraldine A.
16,000. Phone: (518) 668-4447.
Service Office. Phone: (212) 686-1100.
Newspaper, illustrated daily: New York Daily
Ferraro, nominated by a major party on ticket of
Aeronautic Association, National (1905): 1763 R
Alcoholism, National Council on (1944): 12 W.
Graphic, 1873.
St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. 250,000.
21st St., New York, N.Y. 10010. 190 affiliates.
the Democratic Party, 1984.
Phone: (212) 206-6770.
Phone: (202) 265-8720.
Newspaper published daily: Pennsylvania Packet
Woman doctor of medicine: Elizabeth Blackwell;
Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Institute
'Alcohol Problems, American Council on (1895):
and General Advertiser, Philadelphia, Sept., 1784.
M.D. from Geneva Medical College of Western
of (1932): 370 L'Enfant Promenade S.W., Wash-
3426 Bridgeland Dr., Bridgeton, Mo. 63044.
3,500. Phone: (314) 739-5944.
New York, 1849.
ington, D.C. 20024. 42,000. Phone: (202) 646-
Newspaper published over a continuous period:
7400.
Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf
The Boston News-Letter, April, 1704.
Woman elected governor of a state: Mrs. Nellie
Aerospace Industries Association of America
(1890): 3417 Volta Place N.W., Washington, D.C.
Newsreel: Pathé Frères of Paris, in 1910, circulated
Tayloe Ross, Wyoming, 1925.
(1919): 1250 Eye St. N.W., Washington, D.C.
20007. 6,000. Phone: (202) 337-5220.
Woman elected to U.S. Senate: Mrs. Hattie Cara-
20005. 50 companies. Phone: (202) 371-8400.
Allergy and Immunology, American Academy of
a weekly issue of their Pathé Journal.
(1943): 611 E. Wells St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53202.
way, Arkansas; elected Nov., 1932.
Aerospace Medical Association (1929): 320 S.
4,045. Phone: (414) 272-6071.
Oil well, commercial: Titusville, Pa., 1859.
Henry St., Alexandria, Va. 22314-3524. 4,500.
Woman graduate of law school: Mrs. Ada H. Kep-
Phone: (703) 739-2240.
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Asso-
Panel quiz show on radio: Information Please, May
ley, Union College of Law, Chicago, 1870.
African-American Institute, The (1953): 833
ciation, Inc., (1980): 70 E. Lake St., Chicago, III.
United Nations Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10017.
60601-5997. 200 Chapters and Affiliates, over
17, 1938.
Woman member of U.S. House of Representatives:
Phone: (212) 949-5666.
1,500 Family Support Groups. Toll-free informa-
Postage stamps issued: 1847.
Jeannette Rankin; elected Nov., 1916.
Afro-American Life and History, Association for the
tion: 1-800-621-0379; in Illinois: 1 (800) 572-
6037.
Public School: Boston Latin School, Boston, 1635.
Woman member of U.S. Senate: Mrs. Rebecca Lati-
Study of (1915): 1407 14th St. N.W., Washing-
American Federation of Labor and Congress of In-
mer Felton of Georgia; appointed Oct. 3, 1922.
ton, 2822. D.C. 20005. 2,000. Phone: (202) 667-
dustrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) (1955): 815
Railroad, transcontinental: Central Pacific and
Union Pacific railroads, joined at Promontory,
AFS Intercultural Programs (1947): 313 E. 43rd
16th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. 14,100,
Woman member of U.S. Supreme Court: Mrs. San-
St., New York, N.Y. 10017. 100,000. Phone:
000. Phone: (202) 637-5010.
Utah, May 10, 1869.
dra Day O'Connor; appointed July 1981.
(212) 949-4242 or (800) AFS-INFO.
American Film and Video Association (formerly Ed-
Savings bank: The Provident Institute for Savings,
Woman suffrage granted: Wyoming Territory,
Aging Association, American (1970): Univ. of Ne-
ucational Film Library Assn.) (1943): 920 Barns-
Boston, 1816.
braska Medical Center, 42nd and Dewey Ave.,
dale Rd., Suite 152, La Grange Park, III. 60525.
1869.
1,400. Phone: (312) 482-4000.
Science museum: Founded by Charleston (S.C.) Li-
Written constitution: Fundamental Orders of Con
4416. Omaha, Neb. 68105. 500. Phone: (402) 559-
American Friends Service Committee (1917):
brary Society, 1773.
necticut, 1639.
1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19102. Phone:
829
750
The States-Connecticut-Delaware
The States-Florida-Georgia
751
The two primary facets of Colorado's manufac-
Connecticut played a prominent role in the Rev-
England took over the area in 1664 and it was
In 1513, Ponce De Leon, seeking the mythical
turing industry are advanced technology and de-
transferred to William Penn as the southern Three
"Fountain of Youth," discovered and named Flor-
fense.
olutionary War, serving as the Continental Army's
major supplier. Sometimes called the "Arsenal of
Counties in 1682. Semiautonomous after 1704,
ida, claiming it for Spain. Later, Florida would be
The mining industry, which includes oil and gas,
the Nation," the state became one of the most in-
Delaware fought as a separate state in the Ameri-
held at different times by Spain and England until
coal, and metal mining, is still important to Colora-
dustrialized in the nation.
can Revolution and became the first state to ratify
Spain finally sold it to the United States in 1819. (In-
do's economy, though it employs only 1.5 percent
the constitution in 1787.
cidentally, France established a colony named Fort
of the state's workforce. Gold production is grow-
Today, Connecticut factories produce weapons,
sewing machines, jet engines, helicopters, motors,
During the Civil War, although a slave state, Del-
Caroline in 1564 in the state that was to become
ing in importance, and Denver is now home to
hardware and tools, cutlery, clocks, locks, ball bear-
aware did not secede from the Union.
Florida.)
companies that control half of the nation's gold
ings, silverware, and submarines. Hartford, which
In 1802, Éleuthère Irénée du Pont established
Florida's early 19th-century history as a U.S. ter-
production. The farm industry, which is primarily
has the oldest U.S. newspaper still being
a gunpowder mill near Wilmington that laid the
ritory was marked by wars with the Semínole Indi-
concentrated in livestock, is also an important ele-
foundation for Delaware's huge chemical industry.
ans that did not end until 1842, although a treaty
published-the Courant, established 1764-is the
ment of the state's economy. The primary crops. in
insurance capital of the nation.
Delaware's manufactured products now also in-
was actually never signed.
Colorado are corn, hay, and wheat.
Poultry, fruit, and dairy products account for the
clude vulcanized fiber, textiles, paper, medical sup-
One of the nation's fastest-growing states, Flori-
largest portion of farm income, and Connecticut
plies, metal products, machinery, machine tools,
da's population has gone from 2.8 million in 1950
and automobiles.
to more than 11.3 million in 1985.
shade-grown tobacco is acknowledged to be the na-
Delaware also grows a great variety of fruits and
Florida's economy rests on a solid base of tourism
tion's most valuable crop, per acre.
CONNECTICUT
Connecticut is a popular resort area with its 250-
vegetables and is a U.S. pioneer in the food-
(in 1988 the state entertained more than 36.8 mil-
lion visitors from all over the world), manufactur-
mile Long Island Sound shoreline and many inland
canning industry. Corn, soybeans, potatoes, and
Capital: Hartford
lakes. Among the major points of interest are Yale
hay are important crops. Delaware's broiler
ing, and agriculture.
University's Gallery of Fine Arts and Peabody Mu-
chicken farms supply the big Eastern markets, fish-
In recent years, oranges and grapefruit lead
Governor: William A. O'Neill, D (to Jan. 1991)
ing and dairy products are other important indus-
Florida's crop list, followed by vegetables, pota-
Lieut. Governor: Joseph J. Fauliso, D (to Jan. 1991)
seum. Other famous museums include the P.T.
toes, melons, strawberries, sugar cane, dairy prod-
Secy. of State: Julia H. Tashjian, D (to Jan. 1991)
Barnum, Winchester Gun, and American Clock
tries.
and Watch. The town of Mystic features a recre-
Points of interest include the Fort Christina
ucts, cattle and calves, and forest products.
Comptroller: J. Edward Caldwell, D (to Jan. 1991)
Monument, Hagley Museum, Holy Trinity Church
Major tourist attractions are Miami Beach, Palm
Treasurer: Francisco L. Borges, D (to Jan. 1991)
ated 19th-century New England seaport and the
(erected in 1698, the oldest Protestant church in
Beach, St. Augustine (founded in 1565, thus the
Atty. General: Clarine Nardi Riddle, D (to Jan. 1991)
Mystic Marinelife Aquarium.
the United States still in use), and Winterthur Mu-
oldest permanent city in the U.S.), Daytona Beach,
Entered Union & (rank): Jan. 9, 1788 (5)
seum, in and near Wilmington; central New Castle,
and Fort Lauderdale on the East Coast. West Coast
Present constitution adopted: Dec. 30, 1965
an almost unchanged late 18th-century capital; and
resorts include Sarasota, Tampa, Key West and St.
Motto: Qui transtulit sustinet (He who transplanted still
the Delaware Museum of Natural History.
Petersburg. Disney World, located on a 27,000-
sustains)
State flower: Mountain laurel (1907)
DELAWARE
Popular recreation areas include Cape Henlo-
acre site near Orlando, is a popular attraction.
State tree: White Oak (1947)
pen, Delaware Seashore, Trapp Pond State Park,
Also drawing many visitors are the NASA Ken-
Capital: Dover
and Rehoboth Beach.
nedy Space Center's Spaceport USA, located in the
State animal: Sperm whale (1975)
Governor: Michael N. Castle, R (to Jan. 1993)
town of Kennedy Space Center, Everglades Na-
State bird: American robin (1943)
Lieut. Governor: Dale E. Wolf, R (to Jan. 1993)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
tional Park, and the Epcot Center.
State Hero: Nathan Hale (1985)
Secy. of State: Michael Harkins, R (Pleasure of Governor)
State insect: Praying mantis (1977)
State Treasurer: Janet C. Rzewnicki, R (to Jan. 1991)
State mineral: Garnet (1977)
Atty. General: Charles M. Oberly III, D (to Jan. 1991)
See listing at end of 50 Largest Cities of the United
GEORGIA
State song: "Yankee Doodle" (1978)
Entered Union & (rank): Dec. 7, 1787 (1)
States.
State ship: USS Nautilus (SSN571) (1983)
Capital: Atlanta
Present constitution adopted: 1897
FLORIDA
Official designation: Constitution State (1959)
Governor: Joe Frank Harris, D (to Jan. 1991)
Motto: Liberty and independence
Nickname: Nutmeg State
Lieut. Governor: Zell Miller, D (to Jan. 1991)
State colors: Colonial blue and buff
Capital: Tallahassee
Origin of name: From an Indian word (Quinnehtukqut)
Governor: Bob Martinez, (to Jan. 1991)
Secy. of State: Max Cleland, D (to Jan. 1991)
State flower: Peach blossom
meaning "beside the long tidal river"
State tree: American holly
Lieut. Governor: Bobby Brantley, R (to Jan. 1991)
Insurance Commissioner: Warren Evans, D (to Jan. 1991)
1980 population (1980 census) & (rank): 3,107,576 (25)
State bird: Blue Hen chicken
Secy. of State: George Firestone, D (to Jan. 1991)
Atty. General: Michael J. Bowers, D (to Jan. 1991)
1987 est. population (July 1) & (rank): 3,211,000 (28)
Comptroller: Gerald Lewis, D (to Jan. 1991)
Entered Union & (rank): Jan. 2, 1788 (4)
State insect: Ladybug
1980 land area & (rank): 4,872 sq mi. (12,618 km) (48)
Commissioner of Agriculture: Doyle Connor, D (to Jan.
Present constitution adopted: 1977
State song: "Our Delaware"
Geographic center: In Hartford Co., at East Berlin
Nicknames: Diamond State; First State; Small Wonder
1991)
Motto: Wisdom, justice, and moderation
Number of counties: 8
Origin of name: From Delaware River and Bay; named in
Atty. General: Bob Butterworth, D (to Jan. 1991)
State flower: Cherokee rose (1916)
Largest cities (1980 census): Bridgeport, 142,546;
turn for Sir Thomas West, Lord De La Warr
Organized as territory: March 30, 1822
State tree: Live oak (1937)
Hartford, 136,392; New Haven, 126,109; Waterbury,
Entered Union & (rank): March 3, 1845 (27)
State bird: Brown thrasher (1935)
1980 population (1980 census) & (rank): 594,317 (47)
103,266; Stamford, 102,453; Norwalk, 77,767
1987 est. population (July 1) & (rank): 644,000 (47)
Present constitution adopted: 1969
State song: "Georgia on my Mind" (1922)
State forests: 30 (138,682 ac.)
1980 land area & (rank): 1,932 sq mi. (5,005 sq km)
Motto: In God we trust (1868)
Nicknames: Peach State, Empire State of the South
State parks: 91 (29,856 ac.)
State flower: Orange blossom (1909)
Origin of name: In honor of George II of England
(49)
1987 percent pop. below age 15: 19
State bird: Mockingbird (1927)
1980 population (1980 census) & (rank): 5,463,105 (13)
Geographic center: In Kent Co., 11 mi. S of Dover
1987 percent pop. age 65 and over: 13
Number of counties: 3
State song: "Suwannee River" (1935)
1987 est. population (July 1) & (rank): 6,222,000 (11)
1987 violent crimes per 100,000 pop.: 419.0
Nickname: Sunshine State (1970)
1980 land area & (rank): 58,910 sq mi. (152,577 sq km)
Largest cities (1980 census): Wilmington, 70,195; Newark,
1984 (fiscal year) immigrants: 7,069
25,247; Dover, 23,512; Elsmere, 6,493; Milford, 5,356;
Origin of name: From the Spanish, meaning "feast of
(21)
Seaford, 5,256; New Castle, 4,709; Lewes, 2,197
flowers" (Easter)
Geographic center: In Twiggs Co., 18 mi. SE of Macon
The Dutch navigator, Adriaen Block, was the
State forests: 3 (6,149 ac.)
1980 population (1980 census) & (rank): 9,746,342 (7)
Number of counties: 159
first European of record to explore the area, sailing
1987 est. population (July 1) & (rank): 12,023,000 (4)
Largest cities (1980 census): Atlanta, 425,022; Columbus,
State parks: 10
1987 percent pop. below age 15: 21
1980 land area & (rank): 54,153 sq mi. (140,256 sq km)
169,441; Savannah, 141,634; Macon, 116,860; Albany,
up the Connecticut River in 1614. In 1633, Dutch
74,550; Augusta, 47,532; Athens, 42,549; Warner
colonists built a fort and trading post near present-
1987 percent pop. age 65 and over: 12
(26)
Geographic center: In Hernando Co., 12 mi. NNW of
Robins, 39,893
day Hartford, but soon lost control to English Puri-
1987 violent crimes per 100,000 pop.: 430.7
State forests: 25,258,000 ac. (67% of total state area)
tans migrating south from the Massachusetts Bay
1984 (fiscal year) immigrants: 592
Brooksville
Colony.
Number of counties: 67
State parks: 53 (42,600 ac.)
Largest cities (1984 est.): Jacksonville, 571,421; Miami,
1987 percent pop. below age 15: 23
English settlements, established in the 1630s at
Henry Hudson, sailing under the Dutch flag, is
383,027; Tampa, 275,512; St. Petersburg, 242,115;
1987 percent pop. age 65 and over: 10
Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford, united in
credited with Delaware's discovery in 1609. The
1639 to form the Connecticut Colony and adopted
Fort Lauderdale, 152,053; Hialeah, 157,137
1985 violent crimes per 100,000 pop.: 576.5
following year, Capt. Samuel Argall of Virginia
State forests: 3 (306,881 ac.)
1984 (fiscal year) immigrants: 4,690
the Fundamental Orders, considered the world's
first written constitution.
named Delaware for his colony's governor,
State parks: 105 (215,820 ac.)
Thomas West, Baron De La Warr. An attempted
The colony's royal charter of 1662 was excep-
1987 percent pop. below age 15: 18
Hernando de Soto, the Spanish explorer, first
Dutch settlement failed in 1631. Swedish coloniza-
tionally liberal. When Gov. Edmund Andros tried
1987 percent pop. age 65 and over: 18
traveled parts of Georgia in 1540. British claims
tion began at Fort Christina (now Wilmington) in
to seize it in 1687, it was hidden in the Hartford
1987 violent crimes per 100,000 pop.: 1,024.4
later conflicted with those of Spain. After obtaining
Oak, commemorated in Charter Oak Place.
1638, but New Sweden fell to Dutch forces led by
1984 (fiscal year) immigrants: 32,364
a royal charter, Gen. James Oglethorpe established
New Netherlands' Gov. Peter Stuyvesant in 1655.
NEWSPAPER STATS
The total number of newspapers, including morning, evening,
and Sunday editions, is: 1,611
A total of 113 million adults or 62.4% of total adult
population read a daily paper on average
A total of 93 cities have 2 or more newspapers; 41 U.S.
cities have 2 or more separately owned competing newspapers,
including 20 cities with newspapers published under joint
operating arrangements
SENT BY :ANPA
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Tony
STOCT
9
A9: 50us US DAILY NEWSPAPER STARTS & SUSPENSIONS
1980 - 1989
YEAR
NEW DAILY STARTS
SUSPENSIONS
Outright
Mergers
To Weekly
Total
1980
17
5
11
8
14
1981
11
8
3
9
20
1982
7
10
11
6
27
1983
3
7
8
4
19
1984
6
7
9
6
22
1985
7
9
8
4
21
1986
9
10
6
4
20
1987
5
2
10
3
15
1988
12
2
9
2
13
1989
5
1
10
18
29
Totals
82
61
85
64
200
1990
9
5
8
5
18
*Preliminary Figures
Post-It™ brand fax transmittal memo 7671
# of pages 2
To michele nix
From Chorfano
Co.
White House
Co.
ANPA
Dept.
Phone (703)648-1118
Fa
(202)456-6218
Fax #
SENT BY:ANPA
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US DAILY NEWSPAPER STARTS & SUSPENSIONS
1960-1969
YEAR
NEW DAILY STARTS
SUSPENSIONS
Outright
Margers
To Weekly
Total
1960
20
7
8
6
21
1961
18
3
4
6
13
1962
17
9
2
9
20
1963
21
11
1
8
20
1964
15
7
1
6
14
1965
14
9
4
3
16
1966
21
2
6
5
13
1967
9
6
4
4
14
1968
12
2
4
2
8
1969
26
11
5
4
20
I
-
Totals
173
67
39
53
159
1970-1979
1970
17
12
3
7
22
1971
14
5
4
4
13
1972
14
10
4
6
20
1973
25
6
4
2
12
1974
15
5
4
2
11
1975
9
5
6
4
15
1976
13
1
0
3
4
1977
7
5
3
3
11
1978
26
7
3
5
15
1979
14
9
6
4
19
-
-
-
Totals
154
65
37
40
142
113245582181 3
Daily Newspapers by
NUMBER OF DAILY NEWSPAPERS
DAILIES OVER 50,000
Circulation
Circulation Groups
Under
50,001-
100,001-
Over
Year
Total
50,000
100,000
250,000
250,000
Number Percentage
Growth (U.S.)
1946
1946-1990
1,763
1,564
91
70
38
199
11.3
1950
1,772
1,571
82
84
35
201
11.3
1955
1,760
1,548
94
82
36
212
12.1
1960
1,763
1,540
96
83
44
223
12.7
1965
1,751
1,510
111
88
42
241
13.8
1970
1,748
1,491
127
92
38
257
7036200934-
14.7
1975
1,756
1,504
135
81
36
252
14.3
1980
1,745
1,479
145
86
35
266
15.2
1985
1,676
1,418
141
82
35
258
15.4
1986
1,657
1,408
135
77
37
249
15.0
1987
1,645
1,394
137
75
39
251
15.3
1988
1,642
1,377
143
79
43
265
16.1
1989
1,626
1,362
139
81
44
264
16.2
Preliminary data
1990'
1,611
1,329
137
96
49
282
17.5
Source: Editor & Publisher
;10- 8-91 4:06PM
Daily
WEEKDAY READERS
SUNDAY/WEEKEND READERS
Percent of Total
Adult Readers
Male
Female
Percent of Total
Adult Readers
Newspaper
Year
Adult Population
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
Adult Population
(thousands)
Reading
1970
78
98,183
46,659
51,524
72
91,642
1973
73
98,803
47,127
50,876
68
90,088
Audience
1977
69
103,543
49,968
53,575
68
102,690
1980
67
106,043
52,559
53,484
67
106,740
1982
67
108,366
52,399
55,967
67
107,706
Average Adult¹
1983
66
109,363
52,933
56,430
66
108,352
1984
65
109,190
52,459
56,731
65
109,661
Weekday
1985
64
108,812
53,718
55,094
65
110,255
SENT BY:ANPA
and Sunday/Weekend
1986
63
107,753
52,597
55,156
64
109,775
Readers2
1989
63.6
113,337
56,018
57,319
67
119,349
1970-1990
1990
62.4
113,090
55,798
57,292
67
121,622
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September 26, 1991
NEW DAILIES STARTED IN 1991
Newspaper
Date Established
Jacksonville (AR) News
February 1
Geneva (IL) Kane County Chronicle
March 1
Post-It™ brand fax transmittal memo 7671
# of pages
To michele nix
From Chorfano
Co. White House
Co.
JANPA
Dept.
Fay
Phone (703)648-1118
(202)456-6218
Fax #
SENT BY:ANPA
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October 1, 1991
SUSPENSIONS, MERGERS, ETC. OF DAILIES IN 1991
SUSPENDED
MERGED
TO WEEKLY
Costa Mesa (CA) Orange Coast Pilot (7/2)
X
Manchester (CT) Herald (6/28)
X
Baton Rouge (LA) State-Times (10/2)
X
Shreveport (LA) Journal (3/31)
X
Portland (ME) Express (Eve.) merged with
X
the Portland Press Herald (Morn.) (2/1)
Union city (NJ) Hudson Dispatch (4/5)
X
New York City Tribune (1/4)
X
New York The National (6/13)
X
Asheville (NC) Times (Eve.) merged with
X
the Asheville Citizen (Morn.) (7/1)
Durham (NC) Sun (Eve.) merged with the
X
Durham Herald (Morn.) (1/1)
Thomasville (NC) Times (Morn.) (7/1)
x
Lawton (OK) Evening Constitution (6/30)
X
Charleston (SC) Post (Eve.) merged with the
Charleston News & Courier (Morn.) (10/1)
X
Arlington (VA) Northern Virginia Sun (7/1)
X
Newport News (VA) Times-Herald (Eve.) merged
with Newport News Daily Press (Morn.) (9/1)
SENT BY ANPA
:10- 8-91 ; 4:06PM ;
7036200934-
12024566218:# 4
AD Acte MAY 4,11
Coen: Little ad growth
Industry forecaster sees recovery at yearend
By Robert J. Coon
U.S. advertising expenditures
How ad volume fared in 1990
are expected to rise between 3%
and 4% in 1991, down from the
Persons change in miltions of dollars compared to 1989.
previous forecast of 4.6%.
The revision is a result of re-
duced ad growth showing up in
the final figures for 1990 and
the continued economic slump.
+1.3%
+5.6%
Expenditures should exceed
$132 billion this year but aren't
likely to reach the $136 billion
forecast last December.
-0.3%
The final ad expenditures for
1990 showed 3.8% growth in-
stead of the 4.9% gain estimated
earlier. When final fourth-quar-
ter results from all media were
released, it was apparent ad
budgets were sharply trimmed
HOLLY SEGUINE
in the closing months of the year
year will probably be just barely
middle of 1991.
as a result of the Mideast situa-
up from 1990. The outlook for
The bottom will eventually be
tion and the beginning of the re-
national ad budget growth is
reached; by Christmas, things
cession.
better.
should be getting much better.
Budgets grew less than the
The slowdown and disruptions
By the closing quarter. we ex-
4.1% overall rate of inflation.
of the early months will delay
pect national advertising activ-
As for 1991, extremely gloomy
the previously expected stronger
ity to be well above 1990 levels.
reports from most local media
recovery. Ad spending levels in
The McCann-Erickson Gen-
during the opening months indi-
many media may lag behind
eral Index of national advertis-
cate local ad growth for the full
year-ago levels until past the
(Continued on Page 16)
1989-1990 1989 - 1990
Ad EXPenditive
chart page 2
propriations Imally caught up
The interruption of improved
Coen
with many budgets.
trends in national advertising is
National advertising ruse 5.5%
temporary, however. The only
in 1990, slightly outpacing the
U.S. advertising volume
question is when the improving
SENT
(Continued from Page I)
5.1% gain for the gross national
trends will clearly reappear, and
The McCann-Erickson U.S. advertising volume reports represent all
ing spending during the first
product.
the greatest likelibood appears to
expenditures by U.S. advertisers-national, local, private individuals,
quarter of 1991 was 147, signifi-
Among the noticeable pulibacks
be in the fourth quarter.
cantly below the year-ago level,
etc. The expenditures, by medium, include all commissions as well as
in traditional holiday budgets,
and below the average level for
ads for Lays, perfumes, expensive
the art, mechanical and production expense that are part of the ad-
Mr. Coen is senior VP-director
all of last year.
watches and cameras were far
verticers' budgets for each medium.
of forecasting, McCann-Erickson
The index level is expected to
below previous levels.
Worldwide, New York.
1998
gradually move up and, by the
Millions
%et
Millions
%d
fourth quarter, should be dram-
Madium
of dellars
M
of dellars
]
%dg
lically higher than the 141 index
National advertising index
NEWSPAPERS
for the fourth quarter of 1990.
National
3,704
3.0
3,667
3.0
4A
Most of the gloom hanging over
the advertising industry will be gone
The McCann-Erickson national advertising Indexas are key berometers
Local
28,654
23.1
28,414
22.1
(0.9)
by yearend, and optimistic forecasts
of the month-lo-month changes in national advertising spending. These
Tobil
32,300
29.1
32,281
25.1
(0.3)
for 1992 will be abundant.
indexas are security adjusted measures of the monthly advertising
MAGAZINES
Economic recovery, some pent-
revenues for the major national media. The general index is a compon-
Weekliee
2,313
22
2,864
22
1.8
up consumer demand, the politi-
its of the national TV networks (Including cable and syndication), spot
Women's
1,710
1.4
1,713
1.3
0.2
cal elections and the Olympics
TV, magazines and newspaper expenditures by national advertisers.
Monthlies
2,193
1.8
2,226
1.8
1.5
should finally fuel a noticeable
Total
6,716
64
100
6,893
53
1.3
re-expansion in advertising that
could continue for most of the rest
150
1982-84
NO
FARM PUBLICATIONS
212
02
215
0.2
20
of the decade.
As for 1990, it's now evident
149
TELEVISION
8-91
Network
9,110
7.4
9,383
7.3
3.0
many retailers virtually canceled
130
Cable (naft)
1,197
1.0
1,393
1.1
164
their regular holiday-season sell-
129
Syndication
1,288
1.0
1,589
1.2
23.4
ing efforts. That came on top of
118
Spot (nat'l)
7,354
5.9
7,708
6.1
5.0
severely depressed local ad spend-
ing during the first three quarters,
Spot (local)
7,612
6.1
7,056
6.1
32
4:07PM
100
caused by poor regional econo-
Cable (non-network)
330
0.3
396
0.3
20.0
mies and the heavy debt of many
1985
'86
17
#
'N
'NO
Il
Total
26,891
21.7
28,405
22.1
5.8
large retailers.
RADIO
With a rise of just 1.7% com-
1990
Network
476
0.4
482
0.4
1.3
pared with 1989, local ad volume
Spat
Name-
Spot (net'l)
1,547
1.9
1,635
1.3
5.7
did even worse than most people
Health
lester
TV
W
I
payment
Spot (local)
6,300
5.1
6,600
5.1
4.8
thought possible last year.
January
155
157
158
155
142
Total
8,323
=
6,720
6.8
=
Newspapers, the Largest local
February
155
151
162
100
141
medium, experienced their worst
March
153
155
150
160
140
YELLOW PAGES
year since 1961. The ad wees
April
152
144
162
162
141
National
1,011
0.8
1,132
0.9
120
brought about by the retail slump
May
151
145
163
155
140
Local
7,319
5.9
7,794
6.0
6.5
were made worse by declines in
June
149
137
162
157
142
Total
0,339
6.7
0,826
6.9
7.2
many classified help-wanted and
7036200934->
July
157
159
166
152
140
real estate ads.
DIRECT MAIL
21,945
17.7
23,370
18.2
6.5
August
157
151
168
185
139
Other local media did only
Suptember
155
153
162
162
139
BUSINESS PAPERS
2,763
22
2,875
22
4.0
slightly better.
October
144
120
163
The worsening economy and the
152
140
OUTDOOR
uncertainties in the Mideast also
November
140
124
153
155
139
National
653
0.5
640
0.5
(2.0)
bad a negative impact on national
December
140
128
141
162
136
Local
458
0.4
444
0.3
(3.0)
advertising in the closing months
Average
151
146
159
150
140
Total
1,111
=
1,584
0.8
(2.4)
of '90. Fourth-quarter commit-
Change over 1989
5.6%
4.6%
5.9%
1.3%
4.4%
MISCELLANEOUS
ments to the three major TV net-
1991
(prollminary)
National
10,998
8.9
11,608
9.0
5.5
works made in earlier upfront
Local
4,273
3.4
4,347
3.4
1.7
buying softened.
January
148
156
141
146
136
Total
15,271
123
15,955
12.4
4.4
Other national media also expe-
February
146
139
150
154
137
rienced reductions in traditional
12024566218:#
March
148
148
147
154
137
National total
66,990
55.7
72,780
56.6
5.5
levels of spending, as many mar-
keters cut back on their usual
Average
147
148
146
151
137
Local total
54,940
44.3
55,860
43.4
1.7
level of holiday promotional ef-
Change over 1998
(4.5%)
(4.2%)
(6.0%)
(4.4%)
(2.8%)
GRAND TOTAL
123,938
180.0
123,640
109.0
3.8
5
forts and as the lag between the
Some
Stude. Prepared for Advertising Age by Robert 4 Coan, McConn Eachson
economic slowdown and ad ap-
ESTIMATED ANNUAL U.S. ADVERTISING EXPENDITURES 1980-1989
(in millions of dollars)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
Newspapers
Total
14,794
16,528
17,694
20,582
23,522
25,170
26,990
29,412
31,197
National
1,963
2,259
2,452
2,734
3,081
3,352
3,376
3,494
3,586
Local
12,831
14,269
15,242
17,848
20,441
21,818
23,614
25,918
27,611
Magazines
Total
3,149
3,533
3,710
4,233
4,932
5,155
5,317
5,607
6,072
Weeklies
1,410
1,598
1,659
1,917
2,224
2,297
2,327
2,445
2,646
Women's
782
853
904
1,056
1,209
1,294
1,376
1,417
1,504
Monthlies
949
1,082
1,147
1,260
1,499
1,564
1,614
1,745
1,922
Farm Publications
130
146
148
163
181
186
192
196
196
Television
Total
11,469
12,846
14,636
16,759
19,648
21,022
22,881
23,904
25,686
Three Networks
5,130
5,540
6,144
6,955
8,318
8,060
8,342
8,500
9,172
Cable Networks
45
100
181
282
458
594
676
760
942
Syndication (nat'l)
50
75
150
300
420
520
600
762
901
Spot (nat'l)
3,269
3,746
4,364
4,827
5,488
6,004
6,570
6,846
7,147
Spot (local)
2,967
3,368
3,765
4,345
5,084
5,714
6,514
6,833
7,270
Cable(non-network)
a
17
32
50
80
130
179
203
254
Radio
8-91 4:07PM
Total
3,702
4,230
4,670
5,210
5,817
6,490
6,949
7,206
7,798
365
423
413
425
Network
183
230
255
296
320
Spot (nat'l)
779
879
923
1,038
1,197
1,335
1,348
1,330
1,418
Spot (local)
2,740
3,121
3,492
3,876
4,300
4,790
5,178
5,463
5,955
Yellow Pages
Total
2,900
3,300
3,800
4,400
4,900
5,800
6,500
7,300
7,781
National
330
380
433
489
580
695
759
830
944
Local
2,570
2,920
3,367
3,911
4,320
5,105
5,741
6,470
6,837
Direct Mail
7,596
8,944
10,319
11,795
13,800
15,500
17,145
19,111
21,115
7036200934-
Business Publications
1,674
1,841
1,876
1,990
2,270
2,375
2,382
2,458
2,610
Outdoor
Total
578
650
721
794
872
945
985
1,025
1,064
615
National
364
419
465
512
562
610
600
628
Local
214
231
256
282
310
335
385
410
436
Miscellaneous
Total
7,558
8,412
9,006
9,924
11,678
12,107
12,799
13,431
14,531
National
5,153
5,798
6,365
6,911
8,083
8,604
9,120
9,703
10,454
Local
2,405
2,614
2,641
3,013
3,595
3,503
3,679
3,728
4,077
Total
National
29,815
33,890
37,785
42,525
49,690
53,355
56,850
60,625
65,610
12024566218:#
Local
23,735
26,540
28,795
33,325
38,130
41,395
45,290
49,025
52,440
GRAND TOTAL
53,550
60,430
66,580
75,850
87,820
94,750
102,140
109,650
118,050
Prepared for Advertising Age by Robert J. Coen, McCann-Erickson, Inc.
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
2
1ST STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 American Demographics, Inc.
American Demographics
September, 1991
SECTION: Pg. 22
LENGTH: 400 words
HEADLINE: SOME TARGETS REQUIRE A LITTLE MORE ACCURACY THAN OTHERS.
BODY:
Hard-to-reach audiences require exacting aim. And no medium gives you as
much control and precision as print.
Some marketing targets are as elusive as they are attractive. For example:
working women, young adults and the affluent. But even when budgets are tight,
it's still possible to reach each of these groups effectively and efficiently.
In print.
A Study of Media Involvement conducted by Audits & Surveys, Inc. for Magazine
Publishers of America found that in 16 of 19 areas of interest, print was the
prime source of information and ideas for all three of these important
audiences. Of these 16 areas, at least two-thirds of all professionals,
managerials and owners, 70% of working women and 61% of young adults rely most
heavily on print as their information source. And when it comes to career and
money matters, the reliance on print is over 70%.
Numerous studies have proven that print is also the most effective way of
reaching affluent audiences. The latest Simmons research found that almost 60%
of heavy newspaper readers are professionals and managers, and over 60% of
adults with household incomes of $ 60,000 or more are heavy newspaper readers.
In fact, a great many highly successful and influential readers can't be
consistently reached in any other way.
But perhaps most important is the uniquely receptive mind-set these readers
bring to print advertising. As the authors of the Study of Media Involvement
put it, "When a person is mentally attuned to the climate of the medium-actively
seeking information in fields of interest that enrich his/her daily
life-advertising is functioning under optimum conditions of reader alertness,
involvement and receptivity."
Readers lavish more time and enthusiasm on print advertising because they
find the medium to be far more responsive to their needs and interests than
television. For example, 63% of all men and 64% of all women believe print is
the medium that best fits their personal needs, while only 29% of men and 28% of
women feel that way about television. This explains why readers actively seek
out the advertising in print, while television viewers so often zap it.
With readers SO predisposed, it doesn't take long for advertising to have an
effect. A Time/Seagram study found that as little as four weeks of ad exposure
in print can increase the product use by 75% and purchase by almost 300%.
GRAPHIC: Picture 1, no caption; Graphs 2 and 3, ADVERTISING EXPOSURE
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
4
2ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 American Demographics, Inc.
American Demographics
June, 1991
SECTION: FEATURES; Pg. 50
LENGTH: 1987 words
HEADLINE: The News FROM HERE
BYLINE: Joe Schwartz and Thomas Exter; Joe Schwartz is senior editor and Thomas
Exter is research director of American Demographics.
BODY:
SUMMARY Many newspapers suffered when they lost touch with readers.
Publishers are coping by adding diversity to their products. But for them,
gaining the loyalty of baby boomers is the difference between good news and bad
news. We project a 7 percent gain in total U.S. newspaper readership in the
1990s.
During the past decade, daily newspapers were on the decline. Some venerable
papers went out of business; many more watched their once-healthy profits erode.
Newspapers once were the nation's medium of choice. Today, they compete with
a wide range of media for audience share and advertising dollars. Advertisers
can now choose between newspapers, point-of-purchase advertising, electronic
media, and direct mail. Audiences can get the news faster by turning on their
television and radio; they can get the news in depth by watching all-news cable
channels such as CNN. A generation has grown up with this wider range of media
options, and they are not in the habit of reading their daily newspaper.
Some analysts say that the current downturn is part of an ongoing cycle for
the newspaper industry. Others say that the daily papers' days are numbered.
But industry officials agree that newspapers are now caught in a difficult
situation. They must find ways to sell a single product to an increasingly
diverse, increasingly distracted audience.
The American newspaper audience is diverse, but it is not chaotic. Age,
educational attainment, and other demographic factors can predict newspaper use
with a high degree of accuracy. Some newspaper executives use reader profiles
to adjust editorial content and find customers.
"Years ago, it was radio and TV that did all the research. Today, newspapers
have to do their own market research and share it with their advertisers," says
Larry Fuller, publisher of the Argus Leader in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. "Over
the next ten years, knowing the demographics of your circulation areas will pay
off."
LOSING TOUCH
Newspaper readership increases with age and with educational attainment.
People aged 18 to 24 are 37 percent less likely than the average adult to be
heavy newspaper readers, * according to 1990 data from Mediamark Research in
New York City. Adults aged 25 to 34 are 17 percent less likely than average
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
5
1991 American Demographics, Inc., June, 1991
to be heavy readers, but those aged 35 to 44 are 17 percent more likely. The
most faithful readers are 45-to-54-year-olds, who are 24 percent more likely,
and 55-to-64-year-olds, who are 22 percent more likely than average to be heavy
newspaper readers. People aged 65 and older are about as likely as the
average person to be heavy newspaper readers.
* We define a "heavy newspaper reader" as someone in the top quintile of
newspaper readership. A man who is a heavy reader reads at least 30 papers in
four weeks. A female heavy reader reads 25 or more.
While people aged 35 to 54 are most likely to read newspapers heavily, they
are not the market with the most potential. Today, the prime target for
newspapers is younger baby boomers. In the 1990s, today's 25-to-34-year-olds
will move into the age groups where newspaper readership is traditionally the
highest. If they can be persuaded to pick up the paper as often as their
parents did, the industry's bad times would soon turn into good times.
Baby boomers aged 25 to 44 now account for 44 percent of American adults.
They are 42 percent of the people in the top two quintiles of newspaper
readers, according to American Demographics calculations.
The frequency of newspaper use is higher among older adults. But the huge
size of the baby-boom generation gives it the lion's share of newspaper
readers.
Probably the best single indicator of newspaper readership is education.
College graduates are 65 percent more likely than the average adult to regularly
read a newspaper, and those with post-graduate degrees are 87 percent more
likely than the average adult to regularly read a newspaper.
Most heavy television viewers are not good newspaper readers. The top
quintile of television viewers are 7 percent less likely than the average adult
to be heavy newspaper readers. But moderate television viewers are slightly
more likely than average to be in the top quintile of newspaper readers. And
people who regularly watch "most or all" of a major network news show are 11
percent more likely than average to be heavy newspaper readers. These are the
nation's news addicts, and they get their information from many sources.
ADDING DIVERSITY
To gather up the spare change of baby boomers, publishers are making
editorial changes, marketing in new neighborhoods, and trying in general to
change their old ways.
The newspaper industry can learn a lot from the current troubles at ABC, NBC,
and CBS, according to Louis Heldman, an executive with the Knight-Ridder
newspaper group. "There are tremendous parallels between the newspaper industry
and network television," he says. "Both have gotten fat on delivering an
undifferentiated mass market to advertisers. Now, newspapers are seeing the
same sort of audience dispersion that you have seen in network TV."
Between 1980 and 1990, the share of adults aged 25 to 34 who read any daily
newspaper dropped from 56 percent to 51 percent. For adults aged 35 to 44, the
share fell from 66 percent to 60 percent.
LEXIS'NEXIS LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
6
1991 American Demographics, Inc., June, 1991
Knight-Ridder is experimenting with ways to reclaim the attention of aging
baby boomers. A small Florida paper, the Boca Raton News, is their proving
ground.
"In our markets throughout Knight-Ridder, about 75 percent of baby boomers
will pick up at least a Sunday paper," says Heldman. "Almost everyone that we
and our advertisers want to reach is already reading the newspaper
occasionally." Their goal is to change more boomers into regular newspaper
readers. It may be working: three months after the launch, paid daily and
Sunday circulation had increased 19 percent.
The "new" Boca Raton News, launched last October, contains "Essentials," a
pull-out tabloid section that is aimed at a different sector of readers each
day. On Monday, the News features a business section. On Tuesday, it's health
and fitness. A special parenting section runs on Wednesday, an unthemed
features section runs on Thursday, a weekend entertainment section runs on
Friday, and Saturday contains a home and garden section.
Heldman credits many of the design changes to the readers. "Decisions such
as not continuing stories from page to page came directly as a result of
quantitative and focus group research," he says. Some of the other
"reader-driven" changes include the widespread use of labels, headlines, and
larger body type.
Daily themes in the features section are not a new idea in the newspaper
industry. But in Boca Raton, the themes and specific articles are designed with
25-to-44-year-olds in mind. The paper's "Money" section has a personal
finance/career focus, which appeals to baby boomers. The News's "Outside" page
blends articles about weather, the environment, astronomy, wildlife, and travel.
Heldman describes it as "a page based on the lifestyles of those reading this
particular newspaper. The News serves an area where people spend a great deal
of their leisure time outdoors and where they also travel a lot."
The new format of the News has drawn criticism that it is cutting content in
favor of fluff. Many of the barbs come from other papers, and editor Wayne
Ezell dismisses them. "There is a lot of boring stuff in newspapers; we try to
avoid it. We cover issues, not meetings," he says.
For example, local government officials were planning to issue bonds to buy
some environmentally sensitive land. The Boca Raton News sent reporters to the
press conference, just as the competition did. But it also sent reporters to
the land, interviewed government officials, and brought in environmental
experts. "We did a story about the land, not the press conference," says Ezell.
"The first step for newspapers will be getting a better understanding of
their audiences," adds Heldman. "Newspaper marketing research has tended to
trail research in other kinds of industries."
Dual-earner households are a good example. "The rapid movement of women into
the work force made dramatic changes in the needs of women and the men they are
married to, but newspapers didn't change to reflect those changing lifestyles,"
Heldman says. "We have seen shifts in the food industry toward goods that are
more convenient and faster to prepare. But newspapers, fundamentally, are what
they have always been."
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
7
1991 American Demographics, Inc., June, 1991
Some newspapers ignored the post-World War II growth of suburban areas for
years, discovering their error too late to prevent serious losses in market
share. Now, most surviving metropolitan newspapers are aware that many of their
readers live in the suburbs, says Gannett's Neft. But many of these same
newspapers still cover their "city beats" extensively while passing over news
about growing suburban municipalities.
These mistakes have helped put the newspaper industry into a spiral of
decline. Today, fewer newspapers are serving a population that is becoming more
and more diverse.
GOOD NEWS AND BAD NEWS
Predictions for the newspaper industry range from high tech to high stress.
Some futurists envision electronic newspapers, where readers can select
stories or subject areas that they can read from their home computer screens.
But the immediate future holds increased competition, a slow-growing population,
and a more diverse pool of readers.
Demographic trends suggest several scenarios for the newspaper industry. The
worst case would be if each age cohort carries its current readership rate into
the next age group. In other words, if young baby boomers do not begin reading
newspapers as their parents do, the newspaper industry is in for some grim
years.
If young adults carry their readership rates with them as they age, the
industry will see declines in readership rates among its bread-and-butter group
- people aged 35 to 54. The number of 45-to-54-year-olds will grow so fast in
the 1990s that even a drop to the 60 percent readership level (the level of
today's 35-to-44-year-olds) would mean a net gain of 6 million readers in that
age group. But this gain would be offset by a drop in the number of readers
aged 25 to 34. Overall, the worst case would result in 61 million newspaper
readers aged 25 to 54 in 2000, which is only a 1 percent increase from 1990.
The best case would be if baby boomers begin to read newspapers as
enthusiastically as 45-to-64-year-olds do today. Under this assumption, the
aging of the population would bring an overall 16 percent gain in readers
between 1990 and 2000.
Reality will probably fall somewhere in between these two cases. According
to projections by the American Demographics research staff, the newspaper
industry will have a total readership gain of 7 percent in the next decade.
More specifically, there will be a loss of 5.3 million readers in the 25-to-34
age group, a gain of 2.6 million readers aged 35 to 44, and a gain of more than
7.1 million readers aged 45 to 54 between 1990 and 2000.
Older baby boomers increased their readership by 4 percent during the 1980s
as they moved into their 30s and 40s. Our projections assume that younger baby
boomers will pick up readership at similar rates as they age, and that older
baby boomers will increase their readership as they enter their 50s. We also
assume that members of the baby-bust generation, now aged 18 to 24, will
increase their readership slightly as they enter their late 20s and early 30s.
In the 1990s, the newspapers that exceed our industry-wide projections will
have a strong emphasis on understanding and serving their customers.
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1991 American Demographics, Inc., June, 1991
Understanding and serving consumer diversity has become the key to the
industry's survival.
GRAPHIC: Photo, no caption, JOAN SAGE (PHOTO) ROBERT ACETO (HAND COLORING);
Graphs 1 through 3, YOUNG READERS, A smaller generation of young adults will
cause newspapers to lose young readers. How many depends on market penetration
among young adults. (daily newspaper readers aged 25 to 34, in millions,
1990-2000, with low, medium, and high projections for the year 2000) MIDDLE-AGED
READERS, If younger baby boomers begin to read as much as older boomers do, the
1990s could be good for newspapers. (daily newspaper readers aged 35 to 44,
in millions, 1990-2000, with low, medium, and high projections for the year
2000), Graph 3, MATURE READERS, Even if baby boomers don't read newspapers as
much as their parents did, business will pick up. (daily newspaper readers
aged 45 to 54, in millions, 1990-2000, with low, medium, and high projections
for the year 2000), Note: The low estimate is based on current readership rates
for adults in each age group, the high estimate is based on current readership
rates for people in the next-oldest age group, and the medium is based on a
weighted average of these two rates. Source: American Demographics' projections
based on 1990 data from Mediamark Research Inc.
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9
4TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1990 American Demographics, Inc.
American Demographics
September, 1990
SECTION: INSIDE THE INFORMATION INDUSTRY; Pg. 14
LENGTH: 1269 words
HEADLINE: Newspapers Enter the Age of Information
BYLINE: Dan Fost; Dan Fost is a freelance writer in Tiburon, California.
BODY:
The gruff editor who served up the news his way, take it or leave it, is
going the way of the manual typewriter. More and more, readers are choosing to
leave it. To keep them, editors are learning to serve their needs.
While household growth has been rapid in the past few decades, daily
newspaper circulation has been flat since 1945. News executives, in their fight
for survival, are changing everything from ink to editorial coverage in an
effort to reach more households.
The romantic view of newspaper readers is naive, says Richard Cheverton, a
managing editor at the Orange County Register in California. "It assumes that
if we throw news at them, they're going to be passive consumers. Maybe 30 years
too late, maybe fatally too late, newspapers are finding that does not work."
One industry analyst notes that 40 years ago, railroad operators sealed their
doom by failing to recognize that they competed against other forms of
transportation. Similarly, newspapers cannot survive unless they compete in the
information industry. Their rivals include television, radio, computers, and
any other way people get information.
If this redefinition of newspapers catches on, newsprint won't be the only
option for newspaper customers. Among the suggestions in a recent report by the
American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) are newspapers delivered by fax
machines (these are already available in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Hartford),
newspapers on videotex services, on-line access to a newspaper's library, and a
daily catalog page that allows readers to shop by phone from local stores. The
goal is for the newspaper to reposition itself as the leading news source in its
market.
"America increasingly is becoming a society of specialists, and news
interests are becoming more and more fragmented," says Kristin McGrath,
president of MORI Research, in the ASNE report. "In order to thrive in our
information society, newspapers may increasingly need to address people's
specialized needs as well as their general news interests." Such targeting is
especially important to the goal of reaching young adults and working women --
two groups where circulation is lagging.
NEWS FOR NEEDS
Market research is also taking a quantum leap forward. Publishing giants like
the Southam Newspaper Group, a large Canadian newspaper chain, use geographic
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information systems to plot the demographics of subscribers, then target similar
neighborhoods where readership is low.
Other newspapers ask people what they want before they plan new editorial
features. The suburban Marin Independent Journal of Marin County, California,
runs a daily "Commutewatch." It is "unique to our market," says publisher Peter
Horvitz. "Everybody talks about the traffic."
The Miami Herald serves Dade County Hispanics with E1 Nuevo Herald, a daily
Spanish-language supplement that is free to readers who request it. E1 Nuevo
has a news staff of more than 60 people and a daily circulation of more than
100,000. "All our research and focus groups show that Hispanics want to read in
their native language," says managing editor Fabiola Santiago.
Newspapers are also delivering ads to geographic zones and the zones are
getting smaller every year. "Some are now zoning to 20,000 subscribers," says
Martin Casey, vice president of readership and circulation for the American
Newspaper Publishers Association.
Business people who buy faxed newspapers are a new market for the Hartford
Courant, which strips an ad onto the bottom of its daily faxed edition. Fax
newspapers are a business product "because that's where the fax machines are,"
says Rick Petersen, product manager for the (Minneapolis) Star Tribune's
Executive Fax service. But in a few years, Petersen predicts, fax machines will
drop in price. Then they will become "the next big home appliance. That could
really open fax newspapers up to a huge new market," he says.
The need for new markets is clear. "Less than two decades ago, 95 daily
newspapers were delivered for every 100 households," writes Jean Gaddy Wilson,
executive director of New Directions for News, a think tank at the University of
Missouri. "Today, 65 are circulated for every 100 households."
THE WOMAN IN READ
Women and young people have the greatest potential as new newspaper readers,
says McGrath of MORI Research. The number of women who read newspapers four
days out of five dropped 26 percent between 1982 and 1987, reports Nancy
Woodhull, president of Gannett News Service. But a recent ASNE-produced
prototype section for working women proved popular with a focus group, she says,
and many newspapers are experimenting with ways to make their coverage more
relevant to women.
Youth-oriented news is also spreading. Peter Bhatia, managing editor of the
Sacramento Bee, says his paper's one-year-old "Ticket" section has already been
imitated. "Ticket" focuses on weekend activities, with movie and nightclub
listings laid out in a grid format like television listings, he says.
The Bee's "Sidetracks" pages are written by and for teenagers. "In the long
term, we hope they will be newspaper readers, = says Bhatia. "We want to do
something that makes the paper relevant to them. That's the whole reason for
declining readership: lack of relevance."
Newspapers are also changing their attitudes about self-promotion. Previous
efforts usually consisted of "a booth at a carnival, balloons for the kiddies,
and a golf tournament for the good old boys," says Jay Silverberg, managing
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editor of the Marin Independent Journal. But now, newspaper marketing has hit
the big time, with sophisticated advertising campaigns for radio, television,
and direct mail. The San Francisco Chronicle sponsors the Chinese New Year's
parade, a major event in that city's Asian community. Its afternoon rival, the
Examiner, sponsors the popular Bay to Breakers road race.
The push for a market-driven newspaper has begun. "We have to give readers
what they want," says Bhatia. "We can do that without giving up investigative
reporting, depth reporting, or government reporting. It's a matter of mix, and
it's a matter of listening."
Many newspapers are redefining traditional beats. Instead of sending
reporters to countless city council meetings, they are assigning them to topical
beats such as the environment or health or transportation. They are also
letting graphics tell the stories. "A lot of newspapers, including this one,
still write too long," Bhatia says. "I'm not advocating that we become USA
Today, but the last thing we want to do is bore our readers."
Many newspaper editors have a love-hate relationship with USA Today. They
abhor its superficial style and overreliance on celebrities, but they see what
sells: shorter stories, fewer jumps, more and better graphics, more women and
minorities in the news, a splashy weather page, and high-quality color
photographs.
Some newshounds still don't like the change. "I tend to resist pretty
strongly the new dependence on graphics and color," San Francisco Examiner
managing editor Frank McCulloch says. "If USA Today is the wave of the future,
what does that imply for how this society functions? Can this be an informed
society if no story is longer than six inches?"
McCulloch says that the only things newspapers should have to do to boost
readership is report better, write better, edit better, and play stories better.
"I have to believe this," he says. "Otherwise, it invalidates my whole life's
work."
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