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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S; 1999-0285-F S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Alpha File, 1987-1991 OA/ID Number: 13843 Folder ID Number: 13843-007 Folder Title: Civil Rights, 1989-1990 Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 23 2 7 9519 THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release July 21, 1989 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT DURING CEREMONY FOR CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK The Rose Garden 10:02 A.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all for coming today to the White House. And I want to welcome you to the White House and to an occasion -- Captive Nations Week -- marked by sadness, but blessed by hope. And today we meet to signal our deep concern at the fate of nations, and peoples as well, whose liberty has been held captive. And we applaud the movement toward democracy taking place in the world, and the changes yet to come. Six months ago this week, I said in my Inaugural Address: "In man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient lifeless tree." (Applause.) Well, I have just returned -- hopeful, and encouraged -- from visits to Poland and Hungary, two nations on the threshhold of historic change. And I can say to you: The old ideas are blowing away. Freedom is in the air. For forty years, Poland and Hungary endured what's been called the dilemma of the single alternative: one political party, one definition of national interest, one social and economic model. In short, one future -- prescribed by an alien ideology. But in fact, that future meant no future. For it denied to individuals, choice; to societies, pluralism; and to nations, -determination. And yet in Poland and Hungary, a courageous people would not yield to despair. There, as elsewhere, the light of liberty would not go out. And ten days ago, I watched thousands brave a driving rain to acclaim this love of liberty. They cheered for free assembly, free press and speech, and freedom of religion, and filled a square in Budapest named after a freedom fighter who believed in that democracy which linked the people of Hungary with the peoples of the world. Lajos Kossuth arrived in America in 1851 after Hungary's struggle for freedom had temporarily been lost. And yet in his remarks to the United States Congress, he was hopeful, not embittered. He spoke of his "Steady faith in principles" of self-government, opportunity, and individuality. The heroism of such patriots inspires us, and teaches us. For they embody the spirit of Captive Nations Week -- the spirit which says that freedom around the world is not divisible, and which lives in the brave immigrants from Captive Nations who are beside me: Polita Grau de Aguero, for instance, a political prisoner in Cuba before fleeing to America. or Haing Ngor, who fled Cambodia after Fields. " the holocaust and won an Academy Award for his role in the "Killing These seven people are heroes. For they have shown the MORE - 2 - power of courage and free expression. And last week, I saw how the peoples of Poland and Hungary are leading the way toward this democratic future -- casting rays of light on other nations that are not as fortunate. For within these nations, men and women are standing up for the cause of liberty, often at enormous cost. A cause the Czech writer Valav Havel once called the "Living in Truth." This truth forms the heart of Captive Nations Week. For it dictates that liberty be political, and economic; religious, and intellectual. "Living in Truth" suggests that democratic ideals can make all things possible for a nation, and for its people, and that the individual, not the state, is the voice of tomorrow. (Applause.) We see that truth in the successful return of democracy to Pakistan. And in Africa, where liberty lights those nations moving away from state socialism with new success. The hated system of apartheid is on the defensive. And in our hope for a Cambodia with self-determination for her people -- and a complete and verified Vietnamese withdrawal, with no return to power by the Khmer Rouge. (Applause.) And today, the light of liberty is illuminating the face of Eastern and Central Europe, and reflecting the changes taking place within the Soviet Union -- toward greater openness at home and away from confrontation abroad. Such openness prompted the barbed wire fence between Austria and Hungary to be dismantled. And the portion I received sitting right here -- the portion I received as a gift is now on display, and I'd love to have you all take a look at it after this. And a spirit of renewal lights the Baltic States -- Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia -- striving to recapture -- (applause) -- their national history. emancipation These nations know -- as we know -- that that tide is moving -- toward change, economic and political. For around the world, we see democracy opening markets, and boundaries. Freeing hear hearts. Freeing minds. minds. And therefore, to nations of Eastern and Central Europe, striving to reclaim their national heritage, we say: America stands with you. (Applause.) And to the peoples of China, and Vietnam and Laos, Ethiopia and Nicaragua striving for freedom, we say: America stands with you. (Applause.) And to the ethnic Turks in Bulgaria uprooted from their homes and forced to flee across the border, we say: America stands with you. (Applause.) Indeed, to all nations, America proclaims the truth cannot forever be intimidated by force. For history shows -- and the human will proclaims -- that liberty can light the darkest night. Last Tuesday, thousands filled the streets in Gdansk -- peacefully, movingly -- to honor the spirit of Solidarity. But their presence did more. It expressed the belief that democracy underscores the dignity of man. Among the celebrants was the patriot who, above all others, has made Poland's future possible. Astonished by the turnout, he found pride in freedom's past -- and hope in its tomorrow. As Poles -- cheering, many crying -- flanked our motorcade, Lech Walesa turned to me -- (applause) -- and said simply: "This is fantastic." And he was moved -- and stirred -- by the wonder of the moment, and the crowds that came out to pay their respects (Applause.) to the freedom that the United States of America epitomizes. MORE - 3 - And in coming years, that wonder can uplift the world -- in Prague and Kabul -- Tallinn, Riga, Vilinius -- in the hopes and dreams of people who believe in an open and peaceful world, and who have endured much -- and who will survive everything -- through the triumph of the heart. To love freedom -- to overcome oppression -- this is their spirit -- and the meaning of Captive Nations Week. We love them, and we are with them, for we will never waiver nor surrender. And so together, let us raise what Lajos Kossuth called "the morning star of liberty." " The star that can help all captive peoples know the dignity that sets men free. Thank you for your participation in this wonderful occasion. I'll never forget it. And God bless you, and thanks for coming to the White House, and God bless the United States of America, and all that we stand for. Thank you very, very much. END 10:12 A.M. EDT Photo Copy Preservation THE WASHINGTON POST THURSDAY, APRIL 5, 1990 A25 Civil Rights Bill Veto Threatened Scope of Federal Employment Discrimination Laws Is at Issue By Michael Isikoff and Ann Devroy ators and a coalition of business Packing v. Atonio, a case involving Washington Post Staff Writers groups. "It's a real hard-line letter alleged job discrimination against and that's because the bill is that Eskimos in an Alaskan salmon can- JOINT The Bush administration, risking bad," one Republican staff aide said. nery its first confrontation with civil But the Leadership Conference In that case, the court shifted the rights groups, threatened yesterday on Civil Rights, the Washington lob- burden of proof on alleged job dis- to veto legislation designed to re- bying arm for more than 180 civil crimination to workers. It also verse a series of controversial Su- CENTEI rights groups, countered that on its preme Court decisions that sharply made it harder for workers to prove restricted the reach of federal em- first substantive test on civil rights, their claims by requiring them to the Bush administration had bowed ployment discrimination laws. prove that certain employment President Bush, in a speech to a "to the right wing of the Republican practices that disproportionately FOR Party." affect women or minorities do not civil rights audience last night, made no mention of the controversy "What Thornburgh is asking the serve any legitimate business pur- about the legislation. White House president to do is be the only other pose. officials said the president prefers a president except for Andrew John- Backers claim that the civil rights separate, administration supported son and Ronald Reagan to veto a bill would restore the law to its pre- measure that would reverse two of civil rights bill," said Ralph Neas, Wards Cove state, but Thornburgh the court decisions but support the executive director of the leadership charged that it would set "impos- court's position on three others. A conference. "It's totally incompat- sible" new standards for businesses senior official called a letter threat- ible to the president's professed that would result in employers ening a veto "part of what we hope commitments to minority outreach adopting "a silent practice of quota will be a negotiating process." and effective enforcement of the hiring and promotion" to avoid po- The legislation, which civil rights civil rights laws." tential lawsuits. groups call their top priority this The bill in question, dubbed the The bill also would reverse the year, cleared the Senate Labor and Civil Rights Act of 1990, would court's decision in Martin v. Wilks, Human Resources Committee yes- overturn or otherwise alter the ef- which allowed white workers to BY RICH LIPSKI-THE WASHINGTON POST terday by an 11-to-5 vote. The bill's fect of five Supreme Court deci- challenge court-approved affirma- Bush and civil rights leader Vernon Jordan clasp hands at 20th anniversary dinner of Joint Center for Political Studies. backers, noting the measure has 40 sions last year that make it harder tive action; plans years after those cosponsors in the Senate and 160 in to bring successful employment dis- plans were adopted. Thornburgh in conciliation and encourage litiga- nation's first black elected govern- Bush departed before Wilder the House, said they were confident crimination lawsuits and easier to his letter said the department tion." or, was honored. chastised the federal government it would pass both chambers within challenge the legality of affirmative "strongly opposes" the reversal, Thornburgh spokesman David In a speech, Wilder extolled the for "continu[ing] to spend and bor- the next few months. action plans. saying the court's decision was a Runkel said the letter was "re- "new mainstream" ideology of his row as if a day of reckoning will But in a tough letter delivered The administration's bill also "reaffirmation by the fundamental viewed with people in the White new administration. never arrive." late Tuesday night, Attorney Gen- would overturn two of those deci- notion that everyone is entitled to House," but added: "This shouldn't As he has previously, Wilder cred- Wilder drew cheers when he re- eral Dick Thornburgh declared the sions: one making it more difficult his or her day in court." be a surprise to anyone" because it ited his narrow election victory last ferred to Bush's prediction earlier in II unacceptable and charged that it to challenge discriminatory senior- A third contested feature of the was consistent with positions the fall to a mix of social progressivism the night that a black someday would ild lead to racial quotas in the ity plans and another restricting the bill would permit women and reli- department had taken before the and support for abortion rights with be elected president. "That's not go- kplace. If the bill passes in its reach of an 1866 civil rights law gious minorities to collect monetary Supreme Court. a deeply conservative approach to ing to happen 100 years from now," nt form, Thornburgh said, "I barring intentional racial discrim- damages beyond lost wages, includ- Amid the controversy over the fiscal affairs. "In addition to the pre- said Wilder, who has made no secret her senior advisers would ination in making contracts. But ing punitive damages in some cases, legislation, Bush spoke last night at servation of individual liberties, one nd that it be vetoed." unlike the administration, the pro- under Title VII of the 1964 Civil of his intention of playing a promi- the 20th anniversary dinner of the of the strongest values of America's nent role on the national scene. rnburgh letter bolstered posed civil rights bill also would re- Rights Act. Thornburgh said this Joint Center for Political and Eco- new mainstream is an insistence on . the measure, who in- verse the Supreme Court's hotly would be "a major change" in the nomic Studies at which Virginia fiscal responsibility in government Staff writer John F. Harris tive Republican sen- contested decision in Wards Cove civil rights law that "will discourage Gov. L. Douglas Wilder Jr. (D), the Wilder said. contributed to this report. Meg Greenfield Beware of Geobaloney I've never understood why the phrase "human as, God help us, Ferdinand Marcos); sometimes about the horrible onslaught on the demonstra- rights" always seems to end up in the et cetera they are the need not to antagonize a foe with tors of Tiananmen last spring, of showing that category of policy concerns. And I've never whom we are trying to do other business (such as this actually mattered to us, of keeping faith with understood exactly how those in government old Mr. Stagnation, Leonid Brezhnev). Generally the pro-democracy forces there (and in hiding or who make a habit of relegating the human-rights we are inconsistent and selective in our applica- taking refuge abroad). atrocities of other governments to some lower tion of our standards in these matters. American The Bush administration has from the begin- order of priority than a lot of other high-sounding administrations that go all pious and self- ning seemed reluctant to do this. It has never matters (to which they invariably append the righteous about not interfering in the internal found its true voice or authority in protesting pretentious and meaningless prefix "geo") get affairs of a friendly thug will seek funds to help what happened, rather, sounding uncertain and away with their terrible, beaming condescension those who are resisting one we don't like even unconvinced of the case against the Chinese to those of us who protest their values-excuse Two main arguments persist. One is that the government and nervous about making it. To me: to those of us who protest their geostrategic, American government's intervention only makes some extent this may just be endemic to the geopolitical geovalues. things worse for the dissident himself. This is institution: governments tend to like other gov- You will have guessed that I have China on my interesting. I have heard the position argued by ernments, even those they classify as enemies, mind. It is just like all the other familiar episodes better than they like a mob. Governments under- of its kind In recent history. A government stand each other and sympathize with each other somewhere commits acts of fearful brutality Human rights are more on some level inaccessible to the rest of us against its own citizens whose crime is espousing -they drive off in the big black car together democratic purposes, and our own government than a frill, an add-on to a after coordinating their arrival statements and refuses to jar its relationship with the offending that sort of thing. They are often more comfort- government. Smugly and with ostentatious for- realpolitik speech. They able with each other than they are with the bearance it tells us there are larger consider- unpredictable troublemakers protesting outside ations to be taken into account and that Papa are what the fight is their doorways or refusing to eat in prison or knows best and/or that we are so cute and 80 understandable, but 60 terribly wrong, when we about. otherwise disturbing the natural hierarchic order of things. are mad, "You'll see' they say; "it's the geo thing, the big geo, Hush now wouldn't members of every kind of administration. I have And then there is also the much commented you understand. Just trust us. never heard it espoused or even accepted by one upon, if unaccountable, double standard that has of those foreign human-rights disturbers of the long prevailed in some parts of the American So what have we seen? We have seen a worldwide honor roll of brave, unyielding political peace for whose sake our solicitous government political establishment concerning Chinese re- always thought it was keeping quiet. No matter pressiveness. The Chinese have always been able dissidents and troublemakers upend superior force, stare down brutish captors and often bring what horrors they have endured and still face, to get away with murder, literally, in this quar- down governments or bring them to the bargain- invariably in my experience they will argue ter. And they will again unless more than some ing table or at a minimum outlast them and live for-beg for-overt, conspicuous, noisy, whole- showy action providing relief for, say, Fang or a hearted American governmental endorsement. couple of other prominent dissidents is forthcom- to see vindication, Andrei Sakharov, Natan Shar- The other main argument made against such ing. Such limited gestures could actually provide ansky, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Lech Walesa, Ar- involvement is that it will get in the way of our cover for their continuing assault on the thou- mando Valladares, Vaclav Havel, Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, Benigno "Aquino, Fang Lizhi larger and more critical business with the gov- sands of endangered foot soldiers of the uprising. -each is or was different and each achieved a ernment in question I concede that there are Is that kind of cynical cover all our government different measure of success; but surely they and times and issues and circumstances that dictate asks? Unless the Scowcroft mission to Beijing the hundreds of thousands of honorable, demo- cozying up to or at least, humoring repressive demanded and expects to get relief for those cratic resisters of totalitarian and authoritarian governments for the sake of achieving other young people being hunted down, imprisoned, tyranny around the world they symbolize repre- necessary goals. And I don't think we should saw tortured and executed, then I think in a terrible sent a force with which we should openly and off relationships with governments that offend on way we will have broken faith with them, with robustly identify, as distinct from one to which human rights and thereby yield up whatever our traditions and, yes, with our own best inter- we should merely pay our stiff, formal and chance we have to affect them or to do other ests in whatever terms the heavy thinkers unconvincing respects as a kind of noble after- business that is also essential. But this, despite choose to define them, Human rights are not an thought to our practical policy considerations, what the administration says; was not the choice add a frill, an extra sentence in a realpolitik What are the reasons offered for our usual in the China case, and it rarely is, The question speech. They are what the fight was about. Look skittishness about taking up their cause? Some- was one of negotiating, of letting the Chinese at Eastern Europe, if you don't think so. 01989, Newsweek, Inc. times they are the need to stand by a friend (such know how our president and our government felt Reprinted by permission; all rights reserved. nhoto Copy Preservation up limits on the types of businesses and coop- such firms. nere were Released late Monday evening. the the party genuflects to the creative eratives opened. As a result. the number of If U.S. Is Unequal, Don't Blame the Payroll Tax new platform of the Soviet Communist spirit of Marxism and its "humanis- such businesses was not as large as it Party makes three main points: tic" outlook. might have been. This meant that the nues from sales and payroll taxes than income distribution got a 48% increase in It will be some time before we see higher prices they charged did not serve to By HENRY AARON competing Soviet department stores. When Sen. Daniel Moynihan tossed his does the U.S. These taxes fall more heavily income from 1977 to the present. and were "The Communist Party of the increase the supply of goods offered for. on low- and middle-income families than rewarded with a 12.5% drop in their tax Soviet Union believes the existence of but an acceptance of private property sale in the way expected. leading to what payroli tax bomb N/10 the fiscal debate. do taxes on personal and corporate income rates. individual property. including owner- could pay immediate dividends in ag- were considered exorbitant price increases main motive was outrage at the use of the or than property taxes. (See table.) The U.S., like most European countries, and the disappearance of goods originally Social Security surplus to disguise the defi- ship of the means of production, does Unfortunately. internationally compara- does not use its tax system to equalize in- riculture, just as it did in China 10 intended for sale-at fixed low prices in the cit on other government operations. But he not contradict the modern state in the years ago. Mikhail Gorbachev surely ble studies of tax incidence to prove this comes. What equalization there is occurs country's economic development." state-regulated shops. This in turn pro- also claimed that the payroll tax is re- appreciates the disaster of Soviet point decisively are not available. Even through high overall taxes that support re- voked a backlash that ultimately led to the gressive and that the U.S. tax system as a the comparative progressivity of personal distributive public expenditures. most no- "The restructuring of the price farming from his days as agriculture banning of certain kinds of cooperatives whole is "fast becoming the most regres- sive of any Western nation." Is he right? income taxes is hard to judge. Income tax tably social insurance. formation is a sine qua non condition minister. Indeed over the weekend. and the over-regulation and taxation of The story that Sen. Moynihan is for the market to start regulating the news reports said that the Soviets are those cooperatives not formally banned. The critical question is "compared trying to tell is too complex for a economy." running out of feed grain and reducing The piecemeal nature of the Soviet re- to what' The combination of benefits Who Gets Squeezed press release. The U.S. tax structure forms also explains the growing tendency and taxes mildly redistributes income Percent of total tax revenues is doing less to reduce inequality than "Making competition a reality meat shipments to outlying regions. toward lower income groups. And this SOCIAL SECURITY calls for a legislative demonopoliza- Late last year, Sergei Grigoryants of to compartmentalize all economic activity. it did 10 years ago, and much less PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS, For example. in mid-January. local au- is true when one looks either at trans- CORPORATE AND SALES AND than it did 25 years ago, because of tion of production, trade, credit serv- Glasnost magazine told us that Mr. thorities in Leningrad passed regulations actions in just one year for the diverse PROPERTY TAXES PAYROLL TAXES the increase in payroll taxes and the ices and insurance businesses." Gorbachev would adopt market-ori- prohibiting food sales to anyone who could population of taxpayers and benefi- 41.5% long-running shrinkage of corporate Japan 58.2% You don't need help with the trans- ented reforms only when the agricul- not prove he was a Leningrad resident. claries or at the effects of the Social income taxes. On the other hand, the lation to understand what this says. tural system finally failed. That mo- This was done to hamper speculators who Security system on individual workers United States 54.5 45.5 U.S. tax structure probably reduces ment seems to have arrived. The plat- flood the city each day to avail themselves over their lifetimes. 50.9 49.5 inequality more than do the tax struc- Private property, prices and competi- tion are now official doctrine of the form allows farmers the right to lease of goods for resale in outlying regions. The So if you believe that in the ab- Britain tures of the other major Industrial same sort of procedures have been in ef- sence of payroll taxes the U.S. would 39.4 60.7 land along with the right of inheri- Italy economies. because they tax capital Soviet Communist Party. Though still fect in Baltic states for several months. have no Social Security benefits, then 37.2 62.7 even less heavily. But the workings of freighted with vague socialist rheto- tance. Mr. Gorbachev said last week the system is clearly progressive. If, West Germany As a consequence, rubles-or at least the U.S. economy are generating more ric, the new platform marks an al- that "all obstacles in the way of the rubles used to buy goods sold at artificially on the other hand, you believe that France 22.6 74.2 inequality in the first place than do most complete break with orthodox farmer should be removed.' fixed rates-are losing their value. This is benefits would have been provided those of the other major economies- Marxism. The acceptance of the idea For all this, the new Communist an inevitable result of growing inflation anyway and that the Social Security Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as any of the commonly used meas- Party platform is still just words. And and price controls. Ration coupons are be- tax is a substitute for income taxes as ures of inequality will show-and more of private property is crucial. By fi- such ideas are not alien to communist coming more important than rubles. And a means to pay for them, then the substitu- rates are far more steeply graduated in than they used to do even a decade ago. nally setting out in writing a philo- sophical commitment to principles thinking. In the early 1980s, Commu- when one part of the country tries to intro- tion of payroll taxes for income taxes in- most European countries than in the U.S., And the combination of taxes and social duce price reform, it causes disruption in creases inequality. but progressivity depends on both the welfare spending are doing less today than that undergird economic liberalism. nist Chinese reformers made the case the neighboring republics. This is what The payroll tax rate has been set higher graduation of statutory rates and the defi- in the past to offset inequality. Mr. Gorbachev may finally move the for property rights, as well as for free prices and labor markets. Then the happened when Estonia decided to deregu- than the costs of current benefits require. nition of taxable income. The U.S. Tax Re- late the price of vodka and cigarettes.- The objective was to compel the current, form Act slightly increased progressivity Soviet Union forward. Mr. Aaron is a fellow at the Brookings In a sense, Mikhail Gorbachev has regime began to feel threatened by Speculators in the Russian Republic vacu- very large, generation of workers to put despite sharp reductions in the graduation the democratic and pluralistic values umed their price-controlled stores of both of nominal rates, because it extended the Institution. replaced Perestroika with Perestroika aside enough funds-in other words, to tax base to include more of the income that accompany property rights and products and resold them to Estonians at) save enough-to reduce the cost of Baby II. The second version-a Russian ultimately lost its will to go on. It be- Boomers' future pensions for the smaller derived from capital, and because it taxed read-my-lips to millions of bureau- prices just below those of the market-de- corporations more heavily. Major Euro- THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. crats-could shove the economy in a gan a crackdown that led to Tianan- termined stores. generations of workers to come. The accu men Square and continues today. The decision to make a half-hearted mulation of Social Security reserves can pean countries are far less effective than Warren H. Phillips Peter R. Kann direction that will allow it to join the gesture at devaluation of the-ruble is yet. achieve this purpose, however, only if they the U.S. in taxing income from capital. Publisher & President For now, Mr. Gorbachev and his Chairman strong Eastern Europe current to- another case of what happens when offi-2 succeed in adding to national saving and However, while it is not true that the ward free markets and property allies deserve credit for the plat- cials tamper with market forces. investment. If the heaped up surpluses U.S. tax system is among the developed Norman Pearlstine Robert L Bartley form's boldness in throwing over aca- serve instead to justify or to mask dissav- world's most regressive, it is true that the Editor As of November, the Soviet government Managing Editor rights. The middle class is rehabilitated. demic Marxist ideology. A system came to acknowledge that the official ex- ing-in other words, a deficit on the rest of tax system has never done much to reduce Daniel Henninger that guarantees and actively protects change rate is far out of line with reality. the budget-they won't achieve their pur- income inequality and that it does even Paul E. Steiger Deputy Editor, Editorial Page The -platform- repudiates the "dicta- property rights, frees prices and ex- In what was seen as a bold move, the gov- less today than in the past. The widely Deputy Managing Editor pose. torship of the proletariat,' which of course justified the liquidation of the poses individual initiative to competi- ernment announced a partial devaluation The distributional consequence of the cited analyses of the incidence of U.S. Kenneth L. Burenga General Manager tion can produce results anywhere. It of the ruble: in one exchange, foreign tour- Moynihan tax cut, then, would depend once taxes by the late Joseph A. Pechman show. middle class under Stalin. "A rule-of- will also build political support for again on which assumption you choose to that all income groups between the richest Bernard T. Flanagan Dorothea Coccoli Palsho ists could obtain 10 times the number of ru-2 Vice President, Vice President, law- state-of the whole people has no bles as before. But regular foreign trade make: If one could be sure that cutting 10% and the poorest 10% of the population Circulation Marketing room for dictatorship by any class," any leader who has the vision to im- was conducted at the old exchange rate. back payroll tax rates to the level neces- bear roughly the same total tax burden in Charles F. Russell F. Thomas Kull Jr. the :platform says. In a short section, plement it. Responding to the arbitrage possibilities, sary to cover current Social Security bene- relation to income. The poor seem to pay Vice President, Vice President, Technology Soviet customers emptied their stores of fits would force Congress and the president slightly more, but this result may reflect a Production everything that might have any value to to boost income taxes, this substitution misclassification of some normally non- Published since 1889 by foreigners. As a consequence, the Soviet would decrease inequality. If. however, a poor but temporarily down-on-their-luck Asides Union, one of the world's largest producers payroll tax cut would boost the deficit and families. The well-to-do pay somewhat DOW JONES & COMPANY, INC. of watches, now is short of watches-some- force cuts in Social Security benefits, then higher than average tax rates. In short, Editorial and Corporate Headquarters: 200 Liberty Street, New York, N.Y. 10281. possible to tackle ecological problems thing that never happened in the pre-Gor- cutting the payroll tax could well increase the U.S. tax system is somewhat regres- Telephone (212) 416-2000 Communist Conspiracy bachev era. The same holds for almost all inequality. The rest of the U.S. tax system must be sive at the bottom, somewhat progressive and save nature without modern sci- at the very top. and roughly proportional Warren H. Phillips, Chairman & Chief Executive: entific, technological and industrial appliances. Perhaps the most disappointing aspect looked at in the same way. If the U.S. were Peter R. Kann, President & Chief Operating Officer, Recall how last week Washington in between. Kenneth L Burenga, James H. Ottaway Jr., Peter environmentalists suspected that John development." Is it possible the devi- of the whole process is that even when the to amend its tax structure to collect the same total amount of revenue as it does Except for the 1986 tax reform, over the G. Skinner, Carl M. Valenti, Senior Vice Presidents Sunúnu had somehow altered Presi- ous, pro-market Sununu is now influ- proper medicine is prescribed, the dis- now, but were to collect it by copying the past two decades taxes have diminished on Vice Presidents: Frank C. Breese III. Administration: encing the environmental policies of pensers of that medicine find themselves dent Bush's speech on global warming the communists? tax structures of the other large, developed the relatively well-to-do and steadily in- William R. Clabby. Richard J. Levine. Information so hamstrung that the effort seems to end creased on the poor. Statistics recently re- Services; Karen Elliott House, International; Donald L to assert that environmental policies up making things worse rather than better. economies. the distribution of income in Miller, Employee Relations, Kevin J. Roche, Finance, the U.S. would probably become less equal leased by the House Committee on Ways couldn't ignore economic costs. Now Ivana, Cont'd. As a result, the reform itself is now sus- get a load of what the Soviet Commu- pect. This explains why more and more than it is today. Although the tax burden in and Means document that the income of Sterling E. Soderlind. Planning. John S. Goodreds, the U.S. is much smaller in relation to na- the poorest fifth of income earners fell president, Ottaway Newspapers. nist Party's just-released platform Meanwhile. with Marxism over- Soviet citizens are looking back longingly tional income than in any other developed 8.5 between 1979 and 1987, while their in- Associate Editor: Laurence G. 'Donnell. says on the subject of protecting na- thrown and Drexel on the brink, the to "the good old days" of Brezhnev and come after taxes and transfers fell 9.1%. Washington News and Sales Office: Big Apple is keeping its head. The why Soviet economic reform has become country except Japan ). the structure of U.S. taxation is probably among the more In contrast. the richest 20% of the popula- 1025 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 ture: "At the same time one cannot New York Post trumpeted across its more of a challenge than ever before. progressive (or less regressive in the ma- tion enjoyed an increase in income of Telephone (202) 862-9200 panic. allowing unfounded demands to an even larger 18.7% increase SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CHANGES front page yesterday with: "Gimme The Wall Street 200 Burnett close down enterprises that are vital Mr. Goldman is " professor of econom- jor industrial countries. the Plaza!" It's hard to imagine any ics at Wellesley and associate director of All the large industrial countries except in income after taxes and transfers. Even should Road. Chicopee. Mass 01020. giving old and new to the country and without which it is Japan collect a larger share of their reve- more strikingly. people in the top 5% of the address. For subscription rates see Page A2. impossible to meet the most elemen- event that will knock the Trump tiff Harrard's Russian Research Center. tary needs of the people. It will be im- from atop Gotham's news menu. A14 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 14. 1990 REVIEW & OUTLOOK Piecemeal Reforms Echoes of the '50s in Rooney Witch Hunt Make Many Soviets By DOROTHY RABINOWITZ have yielded to the pressure to punish Mr. where even small deviations from the es- End of the Game Long for Brezhnev Rooney for comments like these is, how- tablished orthodoxies on women, homosex- Photo CBS and its president, David Burke. ever. startling even for these times-par- uality or race bring instant retribution and may think otherwise. but Andy Rooney's It's end game for the Warsaw munist regime now running East Ger- ticularly given the extreme nature of this threats to job security. It was the UCLA of By MARSHALL I. GOLDMAN suspension is going to be with us-and punishment. It was not simply a three- the late 1980s-not the 1950s-that sus- Pact, and in the past 48 hours Presi- many may hope to retain some of its them-for a long time to come. True, it is Acknowledgment that the Soviet Union month suspension that CBS meted out to pended an editor of the student paper for dent Bush moved closer to check- 380,000 Soviet troops, but even it has only one of countless similar punishments called for reunification with West Ger- has run out of feed grains for its cattle is Mr. Rooney for his failure to obey the pre- running a cartoon that derided affirmative mate. "Those troops are not wanted that nowadays regularly befall people who but the latest indication of Mikhail Gorba- cepts of correct thinking on the subject of action. in Eastern Europe anymore," Mr. many. In a reunified Germany-in or publicly express something other than the chev's difficulties with perestrolka. homosexuality: CBS's management in ad- And it is the CBS of the 1990s that Bush said of Soviet forces, at a Mon- out of NATO-Soviet troops will not be politically "correct" view of homosexual- Like so many of his other economic ef- dition made it clear that, as between the seems not unlike the CBS of the 1950s-of ity. women's rights, race and the like. Still. day press conference. "Our troops are welcome. forts. Mr. Gorbachev's grain program has word of the Advocate reporter and that of 1957. in fact. when it fired popular radio- there is something in the nature of this sus- wanted by the Free World." Very Facing the inevitable, Mikhail Gor- become counterproductive. Last summer Mr. Rooney. who has been associated with show host John Henry Faulk, when pres- pension, something special in the dimen- the Soviet government announceda plan to sured to do so by a group called AWARE simply, the Soviets are an occupying bachev surely will want to play to a sions of cravenness it represents. that puts force, and American troops are there draw by demanding that if his own pay peasants in dollars and convert- Inc., which had determined on the basis of it among the more memorable examples of Preservation by invitation. ible currencies for any increase their de- Certain offenses, those his union activities that Mr. Faulk was not troops leave the East, those from the repression in our time. liveries over the 1988 harvest. Despite the Mr. Bush's comments were a wel- U.S. have to leave Western Europe. Mr. Rooney's particular difficulties be- of racism and homophobia a loyal American. fact that the harvest rose by 16 million The day after Mr. Rooney's suspension come antidote to the phony symmetry But "U.S. troops are there as a stabi- tons in 1989, the amount of grain offered gan in a year-end special aired on Dec. 28. in particular, have such was announced. CBS logged 2,549 calls in between U.S. and Soviet forces that lizing factor,' Mr. Bush said Monday. for sale to the state fell by 26 million tons. in which he said that "many of the ills New York alone, just four of which favored had become popular in Moscow and "Our European allies want us there." What went wrong? which kill us are self-induced: too much al- status that it is necessary the network's action. Mr. Rooney himself some parts of Washington. Just how At first glance. the dollars-fo grain cohol, too much food. drugs, homosexual He added, "I suspect, I can't prove it, idea seemed to make sense. Why should unions. cigarettes. They're all known to only to be accused of them received an avalanche of calls, among welcome became clear yesterday. them a number of death threats. that some countries in the Warsaw the Soviets import U.S. grain and pay U.S. lead quite often to premature deaths." Amid announcements in Ottawa on Pact today would see us not as a to be found guilty or at So far we have seen no outpouring by farmers dollars earned by exporting Soviet The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against reunifying Germany. the Soviets ac- threatening presence but as a stabiliz- oil, when it would make much more sense Defamation (GLAAD) began a letter-writ- least irremediably-ta artists and intellectuals like those who cepted the U.S. position of keeping 30,- emerged-however timorously-to pro- ing presence.' Mrs. Thatcher and if the Soviet Union could pay its own peas- ing campaign against Mr. Rooney, and 000 more troops in Europe than the asked CBS to suspend or, preferably. fire It needs no more to bring claim Salman Rushdie's right to free ex- President Mitterrand of France have ants with the dollars instead? But Mr. Gor- pression. though Mr. Rushdie's "Satanic Soviets. Just days ago. Mr. Gorbachev said many times that they want U.S. bachev is discovering that piecemeal re- him. Mr. Rooney then sent a letter of apol- the capitulation of a Verses" had given the most grievous of- was saying that such a concession was troops to remain. And German Chan- form can be very dangerous. ogy to The Advocate, a biweekly magazine impossible. The U.S. might be able to Fearful that some of the more daring for homosexuals, in which he explained his broadcast network. fense to Moslems. no outpouring by nota- cellor Kohl consistently says he wants bles like those who rushed to defend the expect a similar outcome despite For- peasants might make too much money and views. The same issue of the magazine a unified Germany to be part of right to exhibit, as art, a crucifix dipped in eign Minister Shevardnadze's sugges- import too many consumer goods with the carried an interview with an Advocate re- NATO-and NATO still includes CBS since the late '40s, they chose to be- urine. dollars they would earn from extra grain porter, in which Mr. Rooney is supposed to tion yesterday that Moscow could lieve the former, notwithstanding the lack American troops. sales, Soviet authorities imposed all man- have said that blacks had watered down On collège campuses, objections to of a shred of evidence besides the re- never accept a united Germany that We suspect that all these Western ner of restrictions to what initially seemed their genes because the least intelligent visits by Minister Louis Farrakhan, a re- was part of the NATO alliance. We porter's accusation of racism. leaders understand that the Soviets to be a very simple program. ones have the most children-a comment nowned anti-Semite, are not only consid- hope Mr. Bush doesn't budge. will remain on the European continent Officials prevented the peasants from Mr. Rooney emphatically denies making. Certain offenses, those of racism and ered abridgements of the right of free homophobia in particular. now have such speech that all good citizens should ab- Indeed, we hope the President's spending more than one-third of their The Advocate reporter who conducted the forceful comments are the first step in any case. Even beyond the Urals, interview could provide no tape record of status that it is necessary only to be ac- ings on consumer goods and sharply cir- hor-those objections are shouted down as toward extricating the U.S. from an their modernized tanks are only a cumscribed the selection of goods avail- this interview, whose incendiary quote cused of them to be found guilty or at least "racist." arms-control process on conventional couple of days' drive from Poland, able to Moreover, they jacked up the about blacks was, irremediably tainted. It. needs no more: All of which is to say that what hap- while as Mr. Bush pointed out, than such an accusation to bring the capi- prices of imported goods and imposed a Mr. Rooney charges, pened to Andy Rooney simply emphasizes forces that obviously has become ir- "We've got a big ocean between us service fee of one-third of whatever entirely fabricated tulation of a large and powerful broadcast a fact that has long been obvious-namely relevant, and perhaps harmful, to and Western Europe." as part of the cam- network. spent. That limited the price paid to the that nowadays. the right to untrammeled American interests. peasants to only one-half the world price paign mounted There are familiar echoes all of this. free expression is limited to certain select When they began more than a year History has simply overtaken the for grain. And the Soviets refuse to pay in- against him. for anyone old enough to recall the 1950s- groups, namely minority and similar activ- ago, the CFE talks (for Conventional CFE talks. It's possible to argue that terest on any of the peasants' proceeds in the era when the crime of crimes was com- ists. Afro-American studies lecturers fre- But Mr. Rooser the conventional-arms-control pro- the bank. munism. Then it was enough merely 10 Forces in Europe) were a good idea. denial that his had quently preach venomously racist views di- So long as the Warsaw Pact had a posal agreed on in Ottawa yesterday- Once they began to see they were being have a name published in Red Channels, rected at white America, and do so with made the comment three-to-one advantage over NATO in 195,000 troops for each side in Central exploited, the peasants decided to withhold about for political vigilantes merely to phone net- impunity. tanks and even more in manpower, it their grain. In the 1920s something similar works-as well as other institutions-to Europe, with 30,000 other Americans uted to him made charge that a performer held communist Look Around elsewhere in Europe-doesn't do, happened. when %individual peasants made sense for the U.S. to seek reduc- little difference; it. much harm. Indeed, the biggest hoarded grain; now the collective and light of the card* views, to assure that the performer would After the dark days of the '50s witch tions to an equal level. But that was state farms do so. As a conséquence. las: be out of work in short order. hunts, people used to ask: But how was it "risk" if 195,000 Soviets are allowed to ments he clearly di before the revolution of 1989-before year the Soviet Union imported 36 million All this of course is old news-the sort possible that a grocer from Syracuse could make in his letter of Andy Rooney Solidarity came to power in Poland, remain in a united Germany is that tons of grain-one million tons more than of thing our activists of today like to look publish a guide called Red Channels and apology to homosex- before Wenceslas Square, Leipzig and they all might defect at once. 1988, five million tons more than 1987 and uals. That letter doomed him, CBS sources back on when preening themselves on their get the broadcast networks to cave? How Timisoara. Now, in the consolidation The larger problem. however, is 10 million tons more than 1986. acknowledge. In it Mr. Rooney had said superiority to the so-called conformist gen- could large and powerful institutions ev- that persisting with the current arms- In 1989. one-third of all the bread baked flatly what it is of course not now permissi- eration of the '50s. Back in the Dark Age erywhere fall prey to such fear and the of 1990, the danger is that CFE will in the Soviet Union was made with im- of the 1950s. according to this view, McCar- need to appease the zealots and pressure justify and entrench a presence for control game allows the Soviets to ad- ble to say-namely that the particular ported grain. Even worse, because of physical practices male homosexuals en- thyites ruled the land, and none but a piti- groups? Soviet troops that would otherwise be vertise that their troops have as much shortages of convertible currency. authori- gage in were repugnant to him. ful few raised their voices in dissent. In this, our very own McCarthyite era, intolerable. right to remain in Europe as Ameri- ties have refused to spend any more on What is wrong with all this is that this an era in which the only truly permissible Stories now appear weekly that the ca's do. In the Warsaw Pact end grain imports. As a result, feed-grain allo- Personal Comments is a description truer of our current age of public discussion of race or homosexuality East Europeans want the Soviets out, game, the U.S. has two rooks and a cations for livestock are being slashed by "Is it ethically or morally wrong or ab- repression than it was of the 1950s. Things or similarly protected subjects is the ex- pronto. The new democrats of Poland queen against Mr. Gorbachev's ex- at least 25%. This probably will mean a normal behavior?" Mr. Rooney added. "It are in fact worse today, in significant pression of pieties. it is no longer neces- and Czechoslovakia have said SO posed king. The smart player would premature increase in the slaughter of seems so to me. In these altogether ways. In the 1950s, for example, the uni- sary to ask such questions. It is necessary livestock followed by a severe shortage of personal and reflective comments, Mr. versities. and the intellectuals and aca- only to look around-to look. for example, clearly. Some Soviet troops have al- use them to finish the game. not bar- meat and breeding stock. Rooney also noted that he thought of gay demics generally, were focal points of re- at the spectacle of CBS last week-to see ready left Hungary. The rump com- gain them away. Similar disappointments have resulted men as victims, and of AIDS as a largely sistance to McCarthy, Red Channels, history re-enacted. from the introduction of private and coop- preventable disease. thought control and efforts to abridge free erative businesses. That homosexuals should take excep- speech. Today, the universities and the ac- Initially only pensioners, school-age ad- tion to these views is not surprising. That ademics are the main perpetrators of Ms. Rabinouitz, a writer in New York, Whither the State? olescents and after-hour adults could set CBS's president should SO instantaneously thought control and repression-places comments frequently on the media. such firms There were arbitrary White House News Summary Thursday, June 7, 1990 -- B-7 VICE PRESIDENT/ATTACK Jennings reports that Vice President Quayle was startled but not hurt when somebody threw a bundle of papers at him as he walked to his car on Capitol Hill. The thrower, said to be a man from the Virgin Islands, was arrested. It was not clear what the papers were or why they were thrown. (ABC-8, CBS-5) Brokaw reports that the suspect was angry because he didn't win Ed McMahon's American Family Publisher Sweepstakes. (NBC-2) MASS TRANSPORTATION ABC's Ned Potter reports that European governments have started something almost unseen in America: comprehensive, big-budget plans to give people appealing alternatives to their cars. Outside Essen, West Germany, a diesel bus picks up passengers, then closer to downtown it transforms itself into an electric trolley on rails. It solves three problems: it can go anywhere in the suburbs, it outsmarts downtown traffic, and cuts urban smog. In Frankfurt, a computer monitors bus routes and turns lights green for the buses. They stop less, pollute less and arrive sooner. In Berlin, engineers demonstrate a train with no wheels and no engine; it floats on magnets which also pull it along. Such a train, called Maglev, was a U.S. invention but Germany spent $1 billion to build it. It protects the environment because there's no pollution. It does not take cutting-edge technology to make mass transit work. Other governments have sought other alternatives to gridlock. Holland has developed a plan to make bicycling more appealing than driving. Bike lanes are built directly into major streets; shopping centers have parking lots -- but not for autos. In the old city of Delft, the Netherlands, cars can get downtown but detours prevent them from driving across downtown. The plan works: the plan increased bicycling 11 percent. Nationally, bikes now account for one-third of all trips the Dutch make. Changes like these are made more easily in Western Europe because people are more used to government planning and to the taxes that pay for all those plans. In the U.S., the average gas tax is 30 cents a gallon. In Europe, more than $1.80. High as those prices are, European governments say those prices will have to rise much more to steer people away from the habits that endanger the planet. The message for us Americans then, is not that the car can or should be eliminated, but that with good enough planning, better, cleaner, healthier alternatives can speed people on their way. (ABC-12) AIDS/DISABLED Jennings reports that a bill intended to protect disabled people from discrimination will apparently not protect people with AIDS in some circumstances. The Senate has voted to allow employers to bar people with AIDS from jobs that require them to handle food. Sen. Helms argued that people still believe AIDS can be transmitted through food handling. All the evidence says this is not true. Sen. Harkin said AIDS sufferers will be the victims of ignorance, prejudice and mythology. (ABC-5) - White House News Summary Thursday, June 7, 1990 -- B-8 RIGHT TO DIE ABC's Chris Bury reports on the controversy surrounding Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a euthanasia advocate who helped an Oregon woman commit suicide Tuesday. Kevorkian said the court injunction against using the machine would not stop him from using it in other places. (Kevorkian: "I understand the injunction is only for Oakland County. I have patients in other counties who have contacted me. I can make another machine very fast.") Dr. Murray Levin has known Kevorkian for 30 years. (Levin, Oakland County MIchigan Medical Society: "Jack has been a loner, he's had unique ideas, he does things uniquely -- out of bounds with the rest of medicine.") Kevorkian has been pushing his ideas on TV talk shows, but he has not been published in a serious medical journal since 1961. (Kevorkian: "I've been stonewalled up and down the line in this country by a very strictly-controlled medical press.") (ABC-4, NBC-3) PESTICIDE EXPORTS Bradley reports the Senate Agriculture Committee attached a provision to the 1990 Farm Bill Wednesday to stop U.S. companies from exporting pesticides that are banned in this country. Among other things, supporters said that food grown with those pesticides abroad frequently winds up being sold here. (CBS-11) EDUCATION CBS's Edie Magnus reports from Boston on decreasing funds for education. Severe state budget cutbacks and declining high school enrollments are forcing some tough choices in many of America's public schools. In Boston, the threat of teacher layoffs threatens racial harmony. A new court order requires the city to spare recently hired minority teachers, which means almost all of those who could lose their jobs are white. (CBS-2) POPULAR OPPOSITION ABC's Linda Pattillo reports from Granville, North Carolina, that residents opposed to a hazardous waste incinerator in their community have resorted to a new method of protest. A local attorney bought 48 acres of land smack in the middle of the proposed site and started selling five by six foot parcels for $5. The idea is to bog down the bureaucracy. By law, the state must notify each owner before it can condemn the property. So far there are 6,000 names on the deed, some who live in rural areas very far away. (ABC-14, CBS-12) BARRY TRIAL CBS's Rita Braver reports that ever since his indictment, Marion Barry has loudly proclaimed himself a victim of government harassment. (Mayor Barry: "My family have had to go through my mail being opened, my bank accounts checked, my tax return looked at, my phones tapped.") -970m-