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[Citizens for a Sound Economy]
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[Citizens for a Sound Economy]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Tony Snow Subject Files
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administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
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Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Snow, Tony, Files
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Subject File, 1988-1993
OA/ID Number:
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[Citizens for a Sound Economy]
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18
29
2
1
Tony- Thanks for speaking at Jefferson Ak Chibl
Here is Some great ammo on porkbusters
Citizens for a
Sound Economy that we've been
470 L'Enfant Plaza, SW
East Building #7112
Washington, DC 20024
having fun with. Were
(202) 488-8200
pushing this theme to
FAX: (202) 488-8282
yet the budget feforms
that we want -
J. Marc Wheat
like line-item veto,
Director of Tax & Budget Policy
Mar
CAPITOLCOMMEN
A TIMELY PERSPECTIVE ON CURRENT PUBLIC POLICY.
No. 75
July 12, 1991
PORKBUSTERS: A CHANCE TO CUT $1 BILLION OF PORK-BARREL PROGRAMS
What do the following programs have in common?
$150,000 to interpret the Hatfield-McCoy feud in Matewan, West
Virginia.
$320,000 to purchase President McKinley's mother-in-law's
house.
$37,000 to study the "handling of animal manure and the
development of resolution techniques to address conflicts
between producers and the general public" in Michigan.
$94,000 to research apple quality, also in Michigan.
$11 million to renovate locomotives in "Steamtown" in
Scranton, Pennsylvania.
$2 million to develop and stimulate sales of Hawaiian
handicrafts.
$2.75 million to construct, renovate and operate an
experimental fish farm in Stuttgart, Arkansas.
$1.7 million to pay for preliminary engineering on a project
to turn Biscayne Boulevard in downtown Miami into an "exotic
garden for people to enjoy the richness of city life."
These programs, along with more than $1 billion in other pork-
barrel spending, have been targeted for termination by the
"Porkbusters" legislation, S. 1288 and H.R. 2643, sponsored by
Senator Robert Smith (R-NH), Representative Harris Fawell (R-IL) and
Representative Timothy Penny (D-MN). Porkbusters, a large coalition
of taxpayer groups and congressional leaders, was established to
root out such wasteful programs.
Last year, Congress passed the second largest tax increase in
history. The reason given for relying on tax increases rather than
spending restraint was that spending had been "cut to the bone" and
that further restraint would harm vital programs. As the list above
suggests, however, a great deal of money is being squandered on
pork-barrel projects.
How much is being wasted? In an attempt to begin to measure
wasteful spending, the Porkbusters coalition arrived at a working
definition of "pork" to help identify the most egregious examples.
Citizens for a Sound Economy 470 L'Enfant Plaza, SW, East Building #7112, Washington, D.C. 20024, (202) 488-8200
Everything in the Smith-Fawell-Penny legislation met at least three
of the conditions listed below:
1.
Appropriation was never the subject of a congressional
committee or subcommittee hearing
2.
Appropriation lacks specific authorization for individual
projects
3.
Appropriation added in conference when neither bill going to
conference originally contained such a provision
4.
Appropriation has no meaningful relationship to the act under
which it is funded or the agency or program under which it is
administered
5.
Appropriation for project was non-competitively awarded. This
would also include projects which were not subject to peer
review, which failed in a competitive process, or for which
the competitive process was waived
6.
Appropriation earmarked in violation of established
congressional procedure or the process prescribed by law
7.
Appropriation for projects of purely local interest, without
national or regional importance.
For years Congress has increased spending with little regard
for the consequences. The result has been higher deficits and a
skyrocketing national debt. Today, our total debt stands at $3.6
trillion. Sen. Smith and Reps. Fawell and Penny have offered their
colleagues a first step toward halting federal spending on the worst
examples of pork-barrel spending.
The savings in the Porkbusters bill will not eliminate the
deficit. The vote will, however, indicate whether Congress is
willing to address the deficit problem. If Congress cannot cut such
obviously wasteful programs, how will it ever find the savings to
eliminate the current $318 billion deficit?
J. Marc Wheat
Director of
Tax and Budget Policy
I
102D CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H.R.2643
To rescind unauthorized appropriations for fiscal year 1991.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JUNE 13, 1991
Mr. FAWELL (for himself, Mr. PENNY, Mr. ARMEY, Mr. STENHOLM, Mr. BUR-
TON, Mr. Cox of California, Mr. HANCOCK, Mr. HASTERT, Mr. KASICH,
and Mr. WALKER) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
Committee on Appropriations
A BILL
To rescind unauthorized appropriations for fiscal year 1991.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.
4
(a) SHORT TITLE.-This Act may be cited as the
5 "Spending Priority Reform Act of 1991".
6
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.-
Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.
Sec. 2. Use of money for service of the national debt.
TITLE I-INTERIOR APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 101. National Park Service studies.
Sec. 102. Historic landmarks.
Sec. 103. Miscellaneous direct grants.
TITLE II-COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE APPROPRIATIONS
2
Subtitle A-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Sec. 201. Fresh-water hatchery.
Sec. 202. Seafood consumer center.
Sec. 203. Fish oil research.
Sec. 204. Special area management planning.
Sec. 205. Research vessel.
Subtitle B-Small Business Administration
Sec. 211. Tree planting program.
Sec. 212. Miscellaneous direct grants.
TITLE III-TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, AND GENERAL
GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 301. Federal buildings fund.
TITLE IV-AGRICULTURE APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 401. Special research grants.
Sec. 402. Rural development grant.
TITLE V-TRANSPORTATION APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 501. Federal highway demonstration projects.
TITLE VI-HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 601. Special purpose grants.
TITLE VII-DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 701. Grants to universities.
Sec. 702. Miscellaneous projects.
TITLE VIII-FOREIGN OPERATIONS APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 801. Grant to university.
TITLE IX-LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 901. House gymnasium study.
TITLE X-SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS
(PUBLIC LAW 102-27)
Sec. 1001. Service life extension program.
Sec. 1002. Grant to university.
1 SEC. 2. USE OF MONEY FOR SERVICE OF THE NATIONAL
2
DEBT.
3
It is the sense of Congress that any money returned
4 to the Treasury as a result of this Act should be deposited
HR 2643 IH
3
1 in the General Fund of the Treasury to be applied against
2 expenses associated with servicing the national debt.
3
TITLE I-INTERIOR
4
APPROPRIATIONS
5 SEC. 101. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STUDIES.
6
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
7
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
8
aside for studies to determine if certain areas are
9
suitable for National Park Service designation;
10
(2) designations for National Park Service
11
studies are historically determined and set in author-
12
izing legislation; and
13
(3) these studies were-
14
(A) not authorized;
15
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
16
(C) earmarked in violation of established
17
congressional procedures;
18
(D) in the cases of the studies described in
19
paragraphs (6), (8), and (9) of such subsection,
20
first added by the committee of conference on
21
the Department of the Interior and Related
22
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; and
23
(E) in the cases of the studies described in
24
paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), and (9)
HR 2643 IH
4
1
of such subsection, not the subject of congres-
2
sional committee or subcommittee hearings.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
5
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Department of the Interior
7
and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991
8
(Public Law 101-512; 104 Stat. 1915); and
9
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
10
amounts, after application of section 325 of such
11
Act to the underlying appropriations.
12
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
13 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
14
(1) $125,000 for the Wilson Lake, Kansas,
15
study area (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
16
5769, House Report 101-971, page 28).
17
(2) $75,000 for the Atchafalaya, Louisiana,
18
study area (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
19
5769, House Report 101-971, page 28).
20
(3) $80,000 for the Benjamin Harrison, Indi-
21
ana, study area (Conference Report to accompany
22
H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page 28).
23
(4) $175,000 for the Cleveland to Zoar Corri-
24
dor, Ohio, study area (Conference Report to accom-
25
pany H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
HR 2643 IH
5
1
(5) $250,000 for the Birmingham District Cor-
2
ridor, Alabama, study area (Conference Report to
3
accompany H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page
4
29).
5
(6) $100,000 for the Can River, Louisiana,
6
study area (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
7
5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
8
(7) $150,000 for the Bramwell, West Virginia,
9
study area (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
10
5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
11
(8) $175,000 for the Kaiwi Shoreline, Hawaii,
12
study area (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
13
5769, House Report 101-971, page 30).
14
(9) $300,000 for an area study to be conducted
15
by the Institute for History and Technology, West
16
Virginia (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
17
5769, House Report 101-971, page 30).
18 SEC. 102. HISTORIC LANDMARKS.
19
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
20
(1) the National Historic Preservation Act (16
21
U.S.C. 470 et seq.) provides for State Historic Pres-
22
ervation Programs to distribute money on a formula
23
basis to States for the study, establishment, and
24
preservation of historic landmarks;
HR 2643 IH
6
1
(2) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
2
aside, outside of the State Historic Preservation
3
Programs, for specific projects; and
4
(3) the projects were-
5
(A) not authorized;
6
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
7
(C) earmarked in violation of the process
8
prescribed by law; and
9
(D) in the cases of the projects described
10
in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7) of
11
such subsection, not the subject of congression-
12
al committee or subcommittee hearings.
13
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
14
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
15
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
16
propriations made by the Department of the Interior
17
and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991
18
(Public Law 101-512; 104 Stat. 1915); and
19
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
20
amounts, after application of section 325 of such
21
Act to the underlying appropriations.
22
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
23 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
24
(1) $250,000 for the rehabilitation of non-Fed-
25
eral facilities at Sloss Furnaces National Historic
.HR 2643 IH
7
1
Landmark, Alabama (Conference Report to accom-
2
pany H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
3
(2) $500,000 for the construction of a museum
4
at the Cordell Hull residence in Tennessee (Confer-
5
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
6
101-971, page 31).
7
(3) $1,500,000 for the restoration of historic
8
buildings at Fisk University, Tennessee (Conference
9
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
10
101-971, page 31).
11
(4) $1,500,000 for the restoration of historic
12
buildings at Lane College, Tennessee (Conference
13
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
14
101-971, page 32).
15
(5) $9,662,000 for the construction of certain
16
Federal and non-Federal projects at America's In-
17
dustrial Heritage Park, Pennsylvania (Conference
18
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
19
101-971, page 31).
20
(6) $4,500,000 for the restoration of the Keith
21
Albee Theatre, Huntington, West Virginia (Depart-
22
ment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appro-
23
priations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1921)).
24
(7) $1,500,000 for the rehabilitation of the
25
Newark Symphony Hall, New Jersey, or other local
HR 2643 IH
8
1
urban renewal projects (Conference Report to ac-
2
company H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page
3
32).
4 SEC. 103. MISCELLANEOUS DIRECT GRANTS.
5
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
6
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
7
aside for grants to miscellaneous local projects; and
8
(2) the grants were-
9
(A) not authorized;
10
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
11
(C) in the cases of the grants described in
12
paragraphs (9), (11), and (12) of such subsec-
13
tion, first added by the committee of conference
14
on the Department of the Interior and Related
15
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; and
16
(D) not the subject of congressional com-
17
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
18
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
19
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
20
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
21
propriations made by the Department of the Interior
22
and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991
23
(Public Law 101-512; 104 Stat. 1915);
HR 2643 IH
9
1
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
2
amounts, after application of section 325 of such
3
Act to the underlying appropriations.
4
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
5 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
6
(1) $250,000 for planning, technical assistance,
7
and grants to communities along the Chesapeake
8
Bay for local projects at Chesapeake Bay Gateways,
9
Maryland (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
10
5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
11
(2) $150,000 for a grant to implement a Na-
12
tional Park Service plan to interpret the Hatfield-
13
McCoy feud in Matewan, West Virginia (Conference
14
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
15
101-971, page 29).
16
(3) $250,000 for an economic revitalization
17
study at New Bedford and Falls River, Massachu-
18
setts (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5769,
19
House Report 101-971, page 29).
20
(4) $100,000 for technical assistance for island
21
protection in the Delaware Valley, Pennsylvania
22
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House
23
Report 101-971, page 29).
24
(5) $2,000,000 for Native Hawaiian Culture
25
and Arts, to develop and stimulate sales of Native
HR 2643 IH-2
10
1
Hawaiian handicrafts (Conference Report to accom-
2
pany H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page 29).
3
(6) $325,000 for a grant to the Wheeling Park
4
Commission, Wheeling, West Virginia (Conference
5
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
6
101-971, page 29).
7
(7) $500,000 for a grant to the Steel Industry
8
Task Force to conduct studies for the economic revi-
9
talization of the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania
10
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House
11.
Report 101-971, page 29).
12
(8) $150,000 for a grant for the commemora-
13
tion of the Homestead strike centennial in Pennsyl-
14
vania (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5769,
15
House Report 101-971, page 30).
16
(9) $100,000 for a grant for teleteaching dem-
17
onstrations at Owensboro Community College, Ten-
18
nessee (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5769,
19
House Report 101-971, page 29).
20
(10) $600,000 for a grant to the National In-
21
stitute for the Conservation of Cultural Property,
22
Washington, D.C., a consortium of museums dedi-
23
cated to the preservation of artifacts (Department of
24
the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations
25
Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1920)).
HR 2643 IH
11
1
(11) $60,000 for a grant to the Midland Trail
2
Association, West Virginia (Conference Report to ac-
3
company H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page
4
30).
5
(12) $310,000 for a grant to the Walker-to-
6
Wilsonburg Trail group, West Virginia (Conference
7
Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Report
8
101-971, page 30).
9
(13) $11,000,000 for the rehabilitation of loco-
10
motive artifacts at Steamtown, Pennsylvania (Con-
11
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5769, House Re-
12
port 101-971, page 33).
13
(14) $320,000 for the acquisition of the Saxton
14
House, 331 South Market Street, Canton, Ohio (De-
15
partment of the Interior and Related Agencies Ap-
16
propriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1922)).
17
(15) $4,200,000 for a grant to the State of
18
Florida to be used for the purchase of the "Ever-
19
glades Buffer Strip" in Broward County, Florida
20
(Department of the Interior and Related Agencies
21
Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1922)).
22
(16) $590,000 for the construction of a second
23
National Park Service visitors' center at Fort
24
Larned, Kansas (Conference Report to accompany
25
H.R. 5769, House Report 101-971, page 31).
HR 2643 IH
12
1
(17) $85,000 for annual grants to the town of
2
Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, for police force use
3
(Department of the Interior and Related Agencies
4
Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1920)).
5 TITLE II-COMMERCE, JUSTICE,
6
STATE APPROPRIATIONS
7
Subtitle A-National Oceanic and
8
Atmospheric Administration
9 SEC. 201. FRESH-WATER HATCHERY.
10
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
11
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
12
aside for construction, renovation, and operation of
13
facilities at the Stuttgart Fish Farming Experimen-
14
tal Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas;
15
(2) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
16
ministration has no statutory authority to run fresh-
17
water hatcheries;
18
(3) the amount appropriated is a pass-through
19
to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and
20
(4) the project referred to in paragraph (1)
21
was-
22
(A) not authorized;
23
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
24
(C) without meaningful relationship to the
25
Act under which it was funded; and
+HR 2643 CI
13
1
(D) earmarked in violation of established
2
congressional procedures.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
5
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
7
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
8
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
9
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
10
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
11
amount.
12
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
13 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $2,750,000 (Con-
14 ference Report to accompany H.R. 5021, House Report
15 101-909, page 18).
16 SEC. 202. SEAFOOD CONSUMER CENTER.
17
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
18
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
19
aside for a project in connection with a Seafood
20
Consumer Center in the State of Oregon; and
21
(2) the project was-
22
(A) not authorized;
23
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
24
and
HR 2643 IH
14
1
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
2
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
5
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
7
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
8
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
9
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
10
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
11
amount.
12
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
13 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $1,000,000 (Con-
14 ference Report to accompany H.R. 5021, House Report
15 101-909, page 18).
16 SEC. 203. FISH OIL RESEARCH.
17.
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
18
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
19
aside for the production of refined fish oil;
20
(2) the fish oil is then provided to the National
21
Institute of Health for use in medical research; and
22
(3) the project referred to in paragraph (1)
23
was-
24
(A) not authorized;
.HR 2643 IH
15
1
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
2
and
3
(C) earmarked in violation of established
4
congressional procedures.
5
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
6
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
7
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
8
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
9
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
10
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
11
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
12
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
13
amount.
14
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
15 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $942,000 (Confer-
16 ence Report to accompany H.R. 5021, House Report 101-
17 909, page 16).
18 SEC. 204. SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT PLANNING.
19
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
20
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
21
aside for Charleston, South Carolina, special area
22
management planning; and
23
(2) the project referred to in paragraph (1)
24
was-
25
(A) not authorized;
HR 2643 IH
16
1
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
2
and
3
(C) first added by the committee of confer-
4
ence on the Departments of Commerce, Justice,
5
and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
6
Appropriations Act, 1991, including a provision
7
waiving the financial matching requirements for
8
the project.
9
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
10
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
11
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
12
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
13
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
14
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
15
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
16
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
17
amount.
18
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
19 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $400,000 (Confer-
20 ence Report to accompany H.R. 5021, House Report 101-
21 909, page 15).
22 SEC. 205. RESEARCH VESSEL.
23
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
24
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
25
aside for the purchase of a research vessel for the
HR 2643 IH
17
1
University of Massachusetts-Project Oceanology;
2
and
3
(2) the project referred to in paragraph (1)
4
was-
5
(A) not authorized;
6
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
7
and
8
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
9
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
10
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
11
(1). the amount listed in subsection (c), which
12
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
13
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
14
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
15
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
16
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
17
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
18
amount.
19
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
20 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $100,000 (Confer-
21 ence Report to accompany H.R. 5021, House Report 101-
22 909, page 17).
HR 2643 IH-3
18
1
Subtitle B-Small Business
2
Administration
3 SEC. 211. TREE PLANTING PROGRAM.
4
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that the program re-
5 pealed under subsection (d)-
6
(A) was both authorized and appropriated
7
in an appropriations Act, in violation of estab-
8
lished congressional procedures;
9
(B) is similar to existing programs carried
10
out by the Department of the Interior and the
11
Department of Agriculture; and
12
(C) was first added by the committee of
13
conference on the Departments of Commerce,
14
Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related
15
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991.
16
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
17
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
18
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
19
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
20
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
21
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
22
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
23
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
24
amount.
HR 2643 IH
19
1
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
2 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $15,000,000 to im-
3' plement section 24 of the Small Business Act (Depart-
4 ments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and
5 Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat.
6 2139)).
7
(d) REPEAL.-Section 24 of the Small Business Act
8 (15 U.S.C. 651) is repealed.
9 SEC. 212. MISCELLANEOUS DIRECT GRANTS.
10
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that—
11
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
12
aside as direct grants for miscellaneous projects; and
13
(2) the grants were-
14
(A) not authorized;
15
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
16
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
17
mittee or subcommittee hearings; and
18
(D) in the cases of the grants described in
19
paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of such subsection,
20
first added by the committee of conference on
21
the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and
22
State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Ap-
23
propriations Act, 1991.
24
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
HR 2643 IH
20
1
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
2
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
3
propriations made by the Departments of Com-
4
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
5
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law
6
101-515; 104 Stat. 2101); and
7
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
8
amounts.
9
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
10 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
11
(1) $1,500,000 for a grant to St. Norbert Col-
12
lege in De Pere, Wisconsin, for a regional center for
13
rural economic development (Departments of Com-
14
merce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Relat-
15
ed Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat.
16
2139)).
17
(2) $100,000 for a grant to the School of For-
18
estry of the University of Montana for a planning
19
study for locating a Value-Added Wood Products
20
Development Laboratory at the University of Mon-
21
tana (Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State,
22
the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations
23
Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 2139)).
24
(3) $200,000 for a grant to Central Arkansas
25
University to establish a national communications
.HR 2643 IH
21
1
and data center for the Small Business Administra-
2
tion program (Departments of Commerce, Justice,
3
and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Ap-
4
propriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 2139)).
5
(4) $1,500,000 for a grant to the University of
6
Kentucky's Somerset Community College for a re-
7
gional center for rural economic development (De-
8
partments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Ju-
9
diciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
10
1991 (104 Stat. 2139)).
11
(5) $1,500,000 for a grant to the West Phila-
12
delphia Economic Development Corporation for a
13
national demonstration project for community eco-
14
nomic development and small business assistance
15
(Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the
16
Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
17
1991 (104 Stat. 2139)).
18
(6) $500,000 for a Center for Manufacturing
19
Productivity at the University of Massachusetts at
20
Amherst (Departments of Commerce, Justice, and
21
State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appro-
22
priations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 2139)).
HR 2643 IH
22
1 TITLE III-TREASURY, POSTAL
2
SERVICE, AND GENERAL
3
GOVERNMENT APPROPRIA-
4
TIONS
5 SEC. 301. FEDERAL BUILDINGS FUND.
6
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
7
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
8
aside for projects funded through the Federal Build-
9
ings Fund, under the jurisdiction of the General
10
Services Administration;
11
(2) the Federal Buildings Fund provides for the
12
construction, leasing, operations, and maintenance of
13
Federal buildings and is not authorized to make
14
grants for projects to State and local governments
15
or to private entities; and
16
(3) the projects were-
17
(A) not authorized;
18
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
19
(C) earmarked in violation of the process
20
prescribed by law; and
21
(D) in the cases of the projects described
22
in paragraphs (2) through (9), (14) through
23
(18), (22), and (25) through (28) of such sub-
24
section, first added by the committee of confer-
HR 2643 IH
23
1
ence on the Treasury, Postal Service and Gen-
2
eral Government Appropriations Act, 1991.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
5
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Treasury, Postal Service
7
and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991
8
(Public Law 101-509; 104 Stat. 1389); and
9
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
10
amounts.
11
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
12 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
13
(1) $4,500,000 for Southwest Forestry Science
14
Complex, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff,
15
AZ (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5241,
16
House Report 101-906, page 68).
17
(2) $350,000 for the California State Universi-
18
ty, East Los Angeles, CA (Conference Report to ac-
19
company H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page
20
68).
21
(3) $39,000 for a grant to the Japanese-Ameri-
22
can National Museum, Los Angeles, CA (Conference
23
Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
24
101-906, page 68).
HR 2643 IH
24
1
(4) $4,000,000 for a grant to Loyola
2
Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA (Confer-
3
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
4
101-906, page 68).
5
(5) $1,750,000 for a grant to Children's Hospi-
6
tal, San Diego, CA (Conference Report to accompa-
7
ny H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page 68).
8
(6) $1,000,000 for a grant to the National Re-
9
search Center for Environmental Lung Disease,
10
Denver, CO (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
11
5241, House Report 101-906, page 68).
12
(7) $1,908,000 for a grant to the American In-
13
dian Higher Education Consortium, District of Co-
14
lumbia (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
15
5241, House Report 101-906, page 68).
16
(8) $1,750,000 for a grant to the District of
17
Columbia Children's National Medical Center (Con-
18
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Re-
19
port 101-906, page 68).
20
(9) $1,750,000 for a grant to the Mt. Sinai
21
Medical Center, Miami, FL (Conference Report to
22
accompany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page
23
68).
24
(10) $1,000,000 for a grant to the University
25
of Georgia, Dean Rusk Center for International and
HR 2643 IH
25
1
Comparative Law (Conference Report to accompany
2
H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page 68).
3
(11) $5,800,000 for a grant to the University
4
of Idaho, Environmental Lab, Moscow, ID (Confer-
5
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
6
101-906, page 69).
7
(12) $2,200,000 for a grant to the Iowa State
8
University, Midwest Supercomputer Access Center,
9
Ames, LA (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
10
5241, House Report 101-906, page 69).
11
(13) $5,000,000 for a grant to Pittsburg State
12
University, School of Technology Complex, KS (Con-
13
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Re-
14
port 101-906, page 69).
15
(14) $4,000,000 for a grant planning and de-
16
sign of Christopher Columbus Center on Marine Re-
17
search and Exploration, Baltimore, MD (Conference
18
Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
19
101-906, page 69).
20
(15) $1,375,000 for a grant to the University
21
of Maryland for superconducting materials research,
22
College Park, MD (Conference Report to accompany
23
H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page 69).
24
(16) $4,000,000 for a grant to establish and
25
conduct a National Center for Complex Systems at
HR 2643 IH-4
26
1.
Brandeis University, Waltham, MA (Conference Re-
2
port to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-
3
906, page 69).
4
(17) $4,750,000 for a grant for the continued
5
development of the Marine Biomedical Institute for
6
Advanced Studies, Woods Hole, MA (Conference Re-
7
port to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-
8
906, page 69).
9
(18) $1,750,000 for a grant to Michigan Tech-
10
nological University for construction of a center for
11
applied metallurgical, minerals, and materials re-
12
search, Houghton, MI (Conference Report to accom-
13
pany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page 69).
14
(19) $5,000,000 for a grant to the McLaughlin
15
Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, MT
16
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House
17
Report 101-906, page 69).
18
(20) $4,500,000 for a grant to the University
19
of Nebraska, George W. Beadle Center for Genetic
20
and Biomaterials Research, Lincoln, NE (Confer-
21
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
22
101-906, page 69).
23
(21) $2,000,000 for a grant to Creighton Uni-
24
versity, Criss Research Building, Omaha, NE (Con-
HR 2643 IH
27
1
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Re-
2
port 101-906, page 69).
3
(22) $4,000,000 for a grant to the Primate Re-
4
search Institute Site and Facilities, Alamorgordo,
5
NM (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5241,
6
House Report 101-906, page 70).
7
(23) $3,000,000 for a grant to the Sandia Na-
8
tional Laboratory for research in environmentally
9
conscious manufacturing, Albuquerque, NM (Confer-
10
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House Report
11
101-906, page 70).
12
(24) $1,000,000 for a grant to Columbia Uni-
13
versity, Center for Disease Prevention, New York,
14
NY (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5241,
15
House Report 101-906, page 70).
16
(25) $1,750,000 for a grant to the Rochester
17
Institute of Technology for a strategic materials re-
18
search center, Rochester, NY (Conference Report to
19
accompany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page
20
70).
21
(26) $778,000 for a grant to the Philadelphia
22
Urban League for the establishment of the Institute
23
for National Drug Abatement Research at the Texas
24
Engineering Station, TX (Conference Report to ac-
HR 2643 IH
28
1
company H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page
2
70).
3
(27) $1,000,000 for a grant to Texas A&M
4
University for the establishment of the Institute for
5
National Drug Abatement Research at the Texas
6
Engineering Experiment Station, College Station TX
7
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5241, House
8
Report 101-906, page 70).
9
(28) $1,500,000 for a grant to the University
10
of Texas, El Paso, TX (Conference Report to accom-
11
pany H.R. 5241, House Report 101-906, page 70).
12
TITLE IV-AGRICULTURE
13
APPROPRIATIONS
14 SEC. 401. SPECIAL RESEARCH GRANTS.
15
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
16
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
17
aside for special research grants provided by the
18
Secretary of Agriculture under section 2(c) of the
19
Act of August 4, 1965 (7 U.S.C. 450i(c)); and
20
(2) the grants were-
21
(A) not authorized;
22
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
23
and
24
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
25
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
HR 2643 IH
29
1
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
2
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
3
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
4
propriations made by the Rural Development, Agri-
5
culture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
6
1991 (Public Law 101-506; 104 Stat. 1320); and
7
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
8
amounts.
9
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
10 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are the following
11 amounts provided for special research grants (Conference
12 Report to accompany H.R. 5268, House Report 101-907,
13 pages 11 and 12):
Aflatoxin (IL)
$131,000
Agribusiness management (MS)
75,000
Agricultural diversification (HI)
154,000
Agricultural management systems (MA)
275,000
Agricultural trade (ND)
596,000
Agriculture utilization research (MN)
500,000
Alternative cropping systems (Southeast)
277,000
Alternative crops (ND)
497,000
Alternative marine and fresh water species (MS)
275,000
Alternative pest control (AR)
1,139,000
Alternative to dinoseb (OR)
225,000
Animal science food safety consortium (AR, KS, IA)
1,845,000
Animal waste disposal (MI)
37,000
Apple quality research (MI)
94,000
Aquaculture (general)
656,000
Aquaculture (Stoneville, MS)
600,000
Asparagus yield decline (MI)
94,000
Bean and beet (MI)
189,000
Beef fat content (IA)
200,000
Belgian endive (MA)
67,000
Blueberry shoestring virus (MI)
92,000
Broom snakeweed (NM)
150,000
Celery fusarium (MI)
39,000
Chesapeake Bay acquaculture
437,000
Cool season legume research
375,000
Cottonseed extraction and oil refining (TX)
75,000
HR 2643 IH
30
Cranberry/blueberry disease and breeding (NJ)
260,000
Dairy and beef photoperiod (MI)
33,000
Dairy goat research (TX)
75,000
Delta rural revitalization (MS)
175,000
Dogwood anthroacnose (GA, NC, TN)
100,000
Dried bean research (ND)
93,000
Easter filbert blight (OR)
75,000
Enhanced livestock production (ND)
250,000
Environmental research (NY)
297,000
Ethanol research (AR)
100,000
Expanded wheat pasture (OK)
275,000
Export services (OR)
348,000
Floriculture (HI)
296,000
Food and Agricultural Policy Institute (IA, MO)
750,000
Food irradiation (IA)
100,000
Food marketing policy center (CT)
393,000
Food systems research group (WI)
261,000
Grasshopper biocontrol (ND)
73,000
Human nutrition research (NY)
556,000
Human nutrition research (IA)
300,000
Human nutrition (LA)
800,000
Integrated forest management (AR)
25,000
Integrated orchard management (VT)
49,000
Integrated pest management
4,000,000
Integrated production systems (OK)
186,000
International livestock program (KS)
94,000
Iowa biotechnology consortium (IA)
1,756,000
Irrigation/fish production (AR)
167,000
Leafy spurge biocontrol (MT)
125,000
Livestock and dairy policy (NY, TX)
525,000
Lowbush blueberry research (ME)
202,000
Low-input agriculture (MN)
174,000
Maple research (VT)
99,000
Michigan Institute (MI)
2,246,000
Midwest biotechnology consortium
2,730,000
Milk safety research (PA)
283,000
Milkweed research (NE)
80,000
Minor crop pest control (HI)
285,000
Minor use animal drugs (IR-4)
450,000
Mosquito research (AR, CA, LA, MS, TX)
453,000
Multicropping strategies for aquaculture (HI)
150,000
National biological impact assessment
300,000
Nematode resistance genetic engineering (NM)
150,000
New uses for agricultural products (OH)
140,000
Non-food agriculture products (NE)
110,000
Oil from jojoba (NM)
200,000
Oregon-Massachusetts biotechnology research (OR, MA)
500,000
Peach tree short life (SC)
192,000
Peanut breeding (GA)
47,000
Pecan weevil (OK)
25,000
Pesticide clearance (IR-4)
3,000,000
Pesticide impact assessment
2,968,000
Pesticide research (WA)
484,000
Phytophthora root rot (NM)
125,000
Research on obtaining plastic from cornstarch (NE)
40,000
Potato research
1,371,000
Preservation and processing research (OK)
265,000
Prime farm land reclamation (IL, KY)
609,000
HR 2643 IH
31
Regional barley gene mapping project
262,000
Regionalized implications of farm programs (MO, TX)
348,000
Rural development centers (PA, IA, (ND), MS, OR)
500,000
Rural economic development (GA)
744,000
Rural environmental research (IL)
75,000
Rural policies institute (AR, NE, MO)
375,000
Russian wheat aphid research (WA, OR, ID, CA)
350,000
Safflower research (ND, MT)
248,000
Sandhills grazing management practices (NE)
99,000
Seafood and aquaculture harvesting, processing, and market-
ing (MS)
361,000
Seedless table grapes research (AR)
50,000
Seedstocks enhancement (ND)
198,000
Small fruit research (OR, WA, ID)
125,000
Southwest consortium for plant genetics and water resources
400,000
Soybean bioprocessing (IA)
200,000
Soybean cyst nematode (MO)
330,000
STEEP II-water quality in Northwest
980,000
Stone fruit decline (MI)
283,000
Stored grain insects (KS)
285,000
Subirrigation research (MI)
262,000
TCK smut (wheat)
250,000
Tropical and subtropical
3,320,000
Urban pests (GA)
76,000
Water management (AL)
397,000
Water quality research
8,000,000
Wheat genetic research (KS)
149,000
Wild rice research (MN)
50,000
Wood utilization research (OR, MS, MI)
2,852,000
Wool research (TX)
198,000
World food systems research (IN, (OH)
357,000
Youth Science Camp (WV)
94,000
1 SEC. 402. RURAL DEVELOPMENT GRANT.
2
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
3
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
4
aside for a rural development grant provided by the
5
Secretary of Agriculture under section 310B(c) of
6
the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
7
(7 U.S.C. 1932(f)); and
8
(2) the grant was-
9
(A) not authorized;
10
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
11
and
HR 2643 IH
32
1
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
2
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
5
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Rural Development, Agri-
7
culture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
8
1991 (Public Law 101-506; 104 Stat. 1332); and
9
(2) the underlying appropriation. for the
10
amount.
11
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
12 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $500,000 provided
13 for a rural development grant for the restoration of the
14 birthplace of Lawrence Welk or the construction, alter-
15 ation, or repair of a Lawrence Welk museum (Conference
16 Report to accompany H.R. 5268, House Report 101-907,
17 page 82).
18
TITLE V-TRANSPORTATION
19
APPROPRIATIONS
20 SEC. 501. FEDERAL HIGHWAY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.
21
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
22
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
23
aside for Federal Highway Administration demon-
24
stration projects; and
25
(2) the demonstration projects were-
HR 2643 IH
33
1
(A) not authorized;
2
(B) not awarded on a competitive basis;
3
and
4
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
5
mittee or subcommittee hearings.
6
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
7
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
8
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
9
propriations made by the Department of Transpor-
10
tation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
11
1991 (Public Law 101-516; 104 Stat. 2155); and
12
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
13
amounts.
14
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
15 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are the following
16 amounts provided for Federal Highway Administration
17 demonstration projects (Conference Report to accompany
18 H.R. 5229, House Report 101-892, pages 28 through
19 33):
Alabama highway bypass demonstration project
$8,500,000
Intersection safety demonstration project (CA)
3,060,000
Highway capacity improvement demonstration project (FL)
1,700,000
Highway widening and improvement demonstration project
(KY)
3,400,000
Kentucky bridge demonstration project
3,400,000
Highway safety improvement demonstration project
7,650,000
Urban highway corridor and bicycle transportation demon-
stration projects (MI)
9,350,000
Urban airport access safety demonstration project (MI)
9,350,000
Highway safety and economic development demonstration
project (MS)
17,000,000
Highway-railroad grade crossing safety demonstration project
(NY)
6,800,000
Climbing lane and highway safety demonstration project (PA)
10,200,000
Corridor G improvement program (WV)
33,275,000
HR 2643 IH
34
Corridor H improvement project (WV)
51,500,000
Turquoise Trail project (AZ)
4,684,000
Trade enhancement demonstration project (AZ)
10,625,000
California feasibility studies (Dixon grade separations and
State Route 12 bypass, city of Rio Vista) (CA)
200,000
California Highway 156 bypass (Hollister)
1,275,000
Florida causeway tunnel 31 project
3,692,000
Florida U.S. 27 (Palm Beach County)
5,950,000
Biscayne Boulevard renovation (Miami, FL)
1,700,000
Olive Road crossing (Augusta, GA)
1,675,000
Bridge construction (Hillsboro, IL)
430,000
Rural economic development demonstration project (IL)
1,500,000
Illinois interchange (I-80 and Houbolt Road)
3,000,000
Muncie, IN, State road 67 (I-69 to Muncie bypass) (IN)
1,190,000
Highway 61 (Keokuk to Dubuque, LA)
5,100,000
Fifth/Sixth Street improvements (Waterloo, IA)
3,400,000
Ottumwa Road extension project (LA)
8,500,000
Iowa connector project
1,488,000
Highway 20 realignment project (IA)
2,500,000
Highway 63 (Waterloo, LA, and Rochester, MN)
212,000
Center Street extension (Pittsfield, MA)
3,360,000
Blackstone River Bikeway project (MA)
255,000
Michigan Bristol Road relocation project (Flint and Genesee
County)
5,374,000
Michigan M-84 Expansion (Saginaw 7 Bay Counties)
2,125,000
Michigan U.S. 31 (city of Niles and city of Benton Harbor)
850,000
Rail consolidation/highway safety (Monroe, MI)
2,975,000
Minnesota U.S. Highway 212 (I-495 to in-place 212 west of
Chaska)
1,700,000
Norell Road and Interstate 20 (Hinds County, MS)
:
1,700,000
Mississippi feasibility study (Jackson)
255,000
Interstate 90 interchange (Bozeman, MT)
4,462,000
U.S. 95 corridor preservation (Las Vegas, NV)
2,500,000
Conway Bypass (NH)
1,700,000
Route 21 improvements (Newark, NJ)
1,488,000
Grand Concourse Avenue traffic improvement (Bronx, NY)
425,000
Hubbard Expressway project (Youngstown, OH)
2,550,000
Interstate 680 accèss ramps project (Youngstown, OH)
1,700,000
(Ohio Route 35 and a routing to be determined in West Vir-
ginia) (OH, WV)
510,000
Pototoc County Rural Industrialization and Skill Center ac-
cess road (Ada, OK)
1,275,000
Lakeview Road (Stillwater, OK)
2,550,000
Pennsylvania industrial park access (Donora-Monessen
Bridge)
1,275,000
Pennsylvania U.S. 220 (Bald Eagle to Centre County line)
1,700,000
Pennsylvania U.S. Route 202 bypass (Montgomeryville and
Doylestown)
1,360,000
Pennsylvania State Route 711 bypass (Ligonier)
3,400,000
Pennsylvania reconstruction demonstration project
17,000,000
Pennsylvania toll road demonstration project
5,100,000
Traffic control system (Charleston, SC)
337,000
Cordull Hull Bridge (Carthage, TN)
730,000
Great River Road bridge (Dyer/Lauderdale Counties, TN)
4,250,000
Texarkana, TX, road improvements (Leopard Drive, off U.S.
Highway 59) (Redwater Minton Road)
1,445,000
Ninth Street crossing (Provo, UT)
2,500,000
Grade crossing (White River Junction, VT)
170,000
Interstate 5 HOV Lanes (Seattle to Dupont, WA)
3,400,000
Washington State Route 509 East-West corridor (Tacoma)
2,550,000
Corridor D improvement project (WV)
10,000,000
.HR 2643 IH
35
Bypass construction project (WV)
42,500,000
Ramp relocation and reconstruction demonstration project
(WI)
10,200,000
1 TITLE VI-HOUSING AND URBAN
2
DEVELOPMENT
APPRO-
3
PRIATIONS
4 SEC. 601. SPECIAL PURPOSE GRANTS.
5
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
6
(1) the grants listed in subsection (c) are "Spe-
7
cial Purpose Grants" funded under Annual Contri-
8
butions for Assisted Housing;
9
(2) until the enactment of the Department of
10
Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of
11
1989 (12 U.S.C. 1701q-1), Special Purpose Grants
12
were funded by the Secretary of Housing and Urban
13
Development's discretionary fund under section 107
14
of the Housing and Community Development Act of
15,
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5307);
16
(3) the Department of Housing and Urban De-
17
velopment Reform Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 1701q-
18
1) eliminated the use of the Secretary's discretionary
19
fund for Special Purpose Grants;
20
(4) Congress continues to fund Special Purpose
21
Grants through Annual Contributions to Assisted
22
Housing, in violation of the spirit of the Department
23
of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of
24
1989 (12 U.S.C. 1701q-1); and
HR 2643 IH
36
1
(5) the grants listed in subsection (c) were-
2
(A) not authorized;
3
(B) not the subject of congressional com-
4
mittee or subcommittee hearings;
5
(C) not awarded on a competitive basis;
6
and
7
(D) in the cases of the grants described in
8
paragraphs (29) through (60) of such subsec-
9
tion, first added by the committee of conference
10
on the Department of Veterans Affairs and
11
Housing and Urban Development, and Inde-
12
pendent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991.
13
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded—
14
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
15
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
16
propriations made by the Departments of Veterans
17
Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and
18
Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; and
19
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
20
amounts.
21
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
22 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
23
(1) $5,900,000 for the conversion of 200 units
24
of public housing to resident homeownership at the
25
Carr Square Village project in St. Louis, Missouri
HR 2643 IH
37
1
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
2
Report 101-900, page 16).
3
(2) $1,500,000 for low-income housing and eco-
4
nomic development to be applied in equal amounts
5
to the Hilltop neighborhood in Tacoma, Washington,
6
and the Central Area neighborhood in Seattle,
7
Washington (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
8
5158, House Report 101-900, page 16).
9
(3) $1,500,000 for a senior citizen employment
10
and social services center connected to the Krueger
11
Mansion in Newark, New Jersey (Conference Report
12
to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900,
13
page 16).
14
(4) $500,000 for the Success Through Academ-
15
ic and Recreational Support (STARS) program run
16
by the Fort Myers, Florida, public housing authority
17
for the protection of at-risk children in public hous-
18
ing (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158,
19
House Report 101-900, page 16).
20
(5) $2,500,000 for the removal of asbestos and
21
site clearing activities at the Rath Packing Plant in
22
Waterloo, Iowa (Conference Report to accompany
23
H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 16).
24
(6) $500,000 for drug elimination activities at
25
the Vernon Manor and Morning Star housing
HR 2643 IH
38
1
projects in Tulsa, Oklahoma (Conference Report to
2
accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
3
17).
4
(7) $1,200,000 for Hawaiian homeland infra-
5
structure development (Conference Report to accom-
6
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
7
(8) $500,000 for the development of a National
8
Center for the Revitalization of Central Cities at the
9
University of New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisi-
10
ana (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158,
11
House Report 101-900, page 17).
12
(9) $200,000 for the completion of the para-
13
lyzed veterans center in Omaha, Nebraska (Confer-
14
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
15
101-900, page 17).
16
(10) $2,000,000 for completing the demolition
17
of the Old Morrell site in Ottumwa, Iowa (Confer-
18
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
19
101-900, page 17).
20
(11) $500,000 for low-income tenants of the
21
Highgate Apartments in Barre, Vermont, to avoid
22
the loss of their units for low-income housing (Con-
23
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Re-
24
port 101-900, page 17).
HR 2643 IH
39
1
(12) $50,000 for drug elimination activities at
2
the Newport Apartments project in Mount Clemens,
3
Michigan (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
4
5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
5
(13) $250,000 for the construction of a youth
6
and community facility at New Haven, West Virgin-
7
ia (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158,
8
House Report 101-900, page 17).
9
(14) $2,000,000 for site work connected with
10
economic redevelopment of Sioux City, Iowa (Confer-
11
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
12
101-900, page 17).
13
(15) $200,000 for the Marshall County Senior
14
Citizens Center in Marshall County, Tennessee, to
15
convert an existing school building for use to provide
16
senior citizen services (Conference Report to accom-
17
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
18
(16) $1,300,000 to assist in job retention for
19
agricultural workers at Hamakua coast sugar cane
20
mills in Hawaii that are suffering continued econom-
21
ic hardship (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
22
5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
23
(17) $2,000,000 for the Teen Education,
24
Achievement and Management Program in New Or-
25
leans, Louisiana, which targets teenage parents in
HR 2643 IH
40
1
public housing (Conference Report to accompany
2
H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
3
(18) $500,000 for the County of Hawaii for an
4
environmental impact statement for the development
5
of a water resource system for the community of
6
Kohala, Hawaii (Conference Report to accompany
7
H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
8
(19) $500,000 for infrastructure development
9
in West Valley, Utah (Conference Report to accom-
10
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
11
(20) $3,150,000 for neighborhood economic im-
12
provement for the city of New Orleans, Louisiana
13
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
14
Report 101-900, page 17).
15
(21) $1,000,000 for a rural, community-based
16
health insurance program in two communities in the
17
Mississippi River Delta region of Arkansas (Confer-
18
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
19
101-900, page 17).
20
(22) $700,000 for infrastructure improvements
21
for the town of Clinton, Tennessee (Conference Re-
22
port to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-
23
900, page 17).
.HR 2643 IH
41
1
(23) $500,000 for housing rehabilitation in
2
Ogden, Utah (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
3
5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
4
(24) $1,110,000 for the expansion of the
5
Charles Drew Health Center in Omaha, Nebraska,
6
to provide additional space for health facilities and
7
an early childhood program (Conference Report to
8
accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
9
17).
10
(25) $250,000 for the Utah revolving loan fund
11
pilot program (Conference Report to accompany
12
H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
13
(26) $500,000 for elderly housing activities in
14
Salt Lake City, Utah (Conference Report to accom-
15
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
16
(27) $250,000 for a rural, community-based
17
health care project in Nebraska (Conference Report
18
to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900;
19
page 17).
20
(28) $30,000 for a water system study in For-
21
est Heights, Illinois (Conference Report to accompa-
22
ny H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 17).
23
(29) $1,000,000 for the relocation of the St.
24
Mary's food kitchen in Kansas City, Kansas (Con-
HR 2643 IH
42
1
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Re-
2
port 101-900, page 17).
3
(30) $175,000 for expansion of the Paulter
4
Senior Center in Clarkston, Washington (Conference
5
Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
6
101-900, page 17).
7
(31) $120,000 for construction of handicapped
8
access facilities for the Northeast Tri-County Health
9
District's new clinic at Colville, Washington (Confer-
10
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
11
101-900, page^18).
12
(32) $640,000 for the Spokane Housing Au-
13
thority to establish a Housing Capital Needs, Infra-
14
structure and Non-Profit Capacity-Building Pro-
15
gram to address the city's low-income housing crisis,
16
Spokane, Washington (Conference Report to accom-
17
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 18).
18
(33) $3,000,000 for the relocation of residents
19
from the Southtown area of Peoria, Illinois, (Confer-
20
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
21
101-900, page 18).
22
(34) $667,000 for the city of Chicago, Illinois,
23
to assist the Ashland II Redevelopment Project
24
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
25
Report 101-900, page 18).
HR 2643 IH
43
1
(35) $520,000 for building facilities and infra-
2
structure of a regional equipment center in Nanti-
3
coke City, Pennsylvania (Conference Report to ac-
4
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
5
18).
6
(36) $526,000 for a transitional housing and
7
handicapped sheltering project of the Berkshire
8
Community Action Council (Conference Report to
9
accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
10
18).
11
(37) $1,350,000 for the Bickerdike Redevelop-
12
ment Corporation for the rehabilitation of 70 units
13
in three buildings, for rental to low-income tenants
14
in Chicago, Illinois (Conference Report to accompa-
15
ny H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 18).
16
(38) $1,000,000 for the Bedford Stuyvesant
17
Restoration Corporation for capital repair, develop-
18
ment of a wholly owned housing management com-
19
pany, community planning and program review
20
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
21
Report 101-900, page 18).
22
(39) $500,000 for refurbishing and renovation
23
of a community humanities and cultural center in
24
Fairmont, West Virginia (Conference Report to ac-
HR 2643 IH
44
1
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
2
18).
3
(40) $795,000 to rehabilitate the Old Post Of-
4
fice Building in Lynn, Massachusetts (Conference
5
Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
6
101-900, page 18).
7
(41) $275,000 for the Twin Pines Ranch Resi-
8
dential Treatment Program expansion for high risk
9
juvenile offenders in Riverside, California (Confer-
10
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
11
101-900, page 18).
12
(42) $250,000 to provide residential treatment
13
for chemically addicted battered women and children
14
at Tabor House in San Bernadino County, Califor-
15
nia (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158,
16
House Report 101-900, page 18).
17
(43) $350,000 for land acquisition for an alco-
18
hol treatment center in Tulare County, California
19
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
20
Report 101-900, page 18).
21
(44) $150,000 for the renovation of a rehabili-
22
tation center in Kings County, California (Confer-
23
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
24
101-900, page 18).
HR 2643 IH
45
1
(45) $995,000 for a performing arts and cul-
2
tural center in North Miami Beach, Florida (Confer-
3
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
4
101-900, page 18).
5
(46) $950,000 for housing, community, and
6
economic development activities through the Ark-Tex
7
Council of Governments, located in Bowie County,
8
Texas (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158,
9
House Report 101-900, page 18).
10
(47) $195,000 for the Helen Brown Senior
11
Center in Cleveland, Ohio (Conference Report to ac-
12
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
13
18).
14
(48) $197,000 for the Murtis Taylor Center
15
Substance Abuse program in Cleveland, Ohio (Con-
16
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Re-
17
port 101-900, page 18).
18
(49) $205,000 for the Karamu Theater Project
19
in Cleveland, Ohio (Conference Report to accompany
20
H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 18).
21
(50) $300,000 for infrastructure development
22
in Lake Catherine, Louisiana (Conference Report to
23
accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
24
18).
HR 2643 IH
46
1
(51) $660,000 for Marabeau Apartments and
2
Learning Center in New Orleans, Louisiana (Confer-
3
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
4
101-900, page 18).
5
(52) $600,000 for elderly housing rehabilitation
6
in New Orleans, Louisiana (Conference Report to
7
accompany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
8
18).
9
(53) $1,500,000 to address ground subsidence
10
problems in the Roxborough/Logan areas of Phila-
11
delphia, Pennsylvania (Conference Report to accom-
12
pany H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page 18).
13
(54) $975,000 for the Philadelphia Develop-
14
ment Partnership, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Con-
15
ference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Re-
16
port 101-900, page 19).
17
(55) $1,950,000 for the revitalization of the
18
New Freedom Theater in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19
(Conference Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House
20
Report 101-900, page 19).
21
(56) $600,000 for Windber Recreation Park in
22
Windber, Pennsylvania (Conference Report to ac-
23
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
24
19).
HR 2643 IH
47
1
(57) $71,000 for Barnes Memorial Park in
2
Barnesboro, Pennsylvania (Conference Report to ac-
3
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
4
19).
5
(58) $585,000 for public safety equipment in
6
Lawrence, Massachusetts (Conference Report to ac-
7
company H.R. 5158, House Report 101-900, page
8
19).
9
(59) $790,000 for park improvements and
10
shoreline protection in Saginaw, Michigan (Confer-
11
ence Report to accompany H.R. 5158, House Report
12
101-900, page 19).
13
(60) $769,000 for Riverwalk, Bigelow Park,
14
bridge lighting and other improvements in Bay City,
15
Michigan (Conference Report to accompany H.R.
16
5158, House Report 101-900, page 19).
17
TITLE VII-DEFENSE
18
APPROPRIATIONS
19 SEC. 701. GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES.
20
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
21
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
22
aside for direct grants to universities; and
23
(2) the grants were-
24
(A) not authorized;
HR 2643 IH
48
1
(B) awarded after a waiver of the competi-
2
tive procedures applicable to the grants;
3
(C) not the subject of congressional com-
4
mittee or subcommittee hearings; and
5
(D) in the case of the grant described in
6
paragraph (1) of such subsection, first added by
7
the committee of conference on the Department
8
of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991.
9
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
10
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
11
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
12
propriations made by the Department of Defense
13
Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-511;
14
104 Stat. 1856); and
15
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
16
amounts.
17
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
18 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
19
(1) $10,000,000 for facilities and equipment
20
supporting the Center for Technology and Applied
21
Research at the University of Scranton (Department
22
of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat.
23
1870)).
24
(2) $6,000,000 for the Advanced Manufactur-
25
ing Institute at the Stevens Institute of Technology
HR 2643 IH
49
1
(Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991
2
(104 Stat. 1870)).
3
(3) $15,000,000 for the Liberty Science Center
4
(Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991
5
(104 Stat. 1870)).
6
(4) $10,000,000 for a facility under the College
7
of Pharmacy and Health Sciences of Drake Univer-
8
sity (Department of Defense Appropriations Act,
9
1991 (104 Stat. 1870)).
10
(5) $3,500,000 for the Center for Advanced In-
11
formation and Resource Management Studies of
12
Loyola College (Department of Defense Appropria-
13
tions Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1870)).
14 SEC. 702. MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTS.
15
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
16
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c) are set
17
aside for miscellaneous projects; and
18
(2) the projects were-
19
(A) not authorized;
20
(B) not the subject of congressional. com-
21
mittee or subcommittee hearings;
22
(C) without meaningful relationship to the
23
Act under which they were funded; and
24
(D) in the case of the project described in
25
paragraph (2) of such subsection, first added by
HR 2643 IH
50
1
the committee of conference on the Department
2
of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991.
3
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
4
(1) the amounts listed in subsection (c), which
5
were set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
6
propriations made by the Department of Defense
7
Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-511;
8
104 Stat. 1856); and
9
(2) the underlying appropriations for the
10
amounts.
11
(c) AMOUNTS.-Except to the extent obligated, the
12 amounts rescinded by subsection (b) are as follows:
13
(1) $5,000,000 for the design and construction
14
of a parliament building in the Solomon Islands
15
(Section 8099(a) of the Department of Defense Ap-
16
propriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1897)).
17
(2) $5,000,000 for the repair, improvement,
18
and construction of port facilities and harbor im-
19
provements, including dredging, at the islands of
20
Ofu and Ta'u in the Territory of American Samoa
21
(Section 8099(b) of the Department of Defense Ap-
22
propriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1897)).
HR 2643 IH
51
1
TITLE VIII-FOREIGN
2
OPERATIONS APPROPRIATIONS
3 SEC. 801. GRANT TO UNIVERSITY.
4
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
5
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
6
aside for a grant relating to foreign development and
7
development assistance; and
8
(2) the grant was-
9
(A) not authorized;
10
(B) not the subject of congressional com-
11
mittee or subcommittee hearings; and
12
(C) not awarded on a competitive basis.
13
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
14
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
15
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
16
propriations made by the Foreign Operations, Ex-
17
port Financing, and Related Programs Appropria-
18
tions Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat.
19
1979); and
20
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
21
amount.
22
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
23 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $10,000,000 to
24 carry out the activities of the Center for Cultural and
25 Technical Interchange Between North and South de-
HR 2643 IH
52
1 scribed in section 206 of the House engrossed amendment
2 (as passed the House of Representatives on May 24, 1990)
3 to the bill S. 2364, as enacted by the Foreign Operations,
4 Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations
5 Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 1984).
6 TITLE IX-LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
7
APPROPRIATIONS
8 SEC. 901. HOUSE GYMNASIUM STUDY.
9
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
10
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
11
aside to study the location for a new staff gymnasi-
12
um for the House of Representatives; and
13
(2) the study-
14
(A) was not authorized;
15
(B) was not the subject of congressional
16
committee or subcommittee hearings;
17
(C) was earmarked in violation of estab-
18
lished congressional procedures; and
19
(D) is of no regional or national signifi-
20
cance.
21
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
22
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
23
was set aside or otherwise made. available out of ap-
24
propriations made by the Legislative Branch Appro-
HR 2643 IH
53
1
priations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-520; 104 Stat.
2
2254); and
3
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
4
amount.
5
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
6 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $25,000 for the lay-
7. out of fitness facilities for House office buildings (Commit-
8 tee Report to accompany H.R. 5399, House Report 101-
9 648, page 26).
10 TITLE X-SUPPLEMENTAL AP-
11
PROPRIATIONS
(PUBLIC
12
LAW 102-27)
13 SEC. 1001. SERVICE LIFE EXTENSION PROGRAM.
14
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds the following:
15
(1) Of the $405,000,000 appropriated under
16
the Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
17
for Consequences of Operation Desert Shield/Desert
18
Storm, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation
19
Administration, Veterans Compensation and Pen-
20
sions, and Other Urgent Needs Act of 1991 (Public
21
Law 102-27; 105 Stat. 130) for the service life ex-
22
tension program for the U.S.S. Kennedy-
23
(A) $113,000,000 was proposed and au-
24
thorized; and
HR 2643 IH
54
1
(B) the remaining $292,000,000 was not
2
authorized but was added by the Appropriations
3
Committee of the House of Representatives
4
without a hearing.
5
(2) Section 203 of such Act-
6
(A) required that the service life extension
7
program for the U.S.S. Kennedy be conducted
8
at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard; and
9
(B) except in the case of such service life
10
extension program, prohibited the obligation of
11
funds available to the Department of Defense
12
for the advance procurement of material and
13
other efforts associated with the industrial
14
availability of the U.S.S. Kennedy.
15
(3) The requirement and prohibition contained
16
in section 203 of such Act-
17
(A) is not relevant to the purposes of a
18
dire emergency supplemental appropriation; and
19
(B) conflicts with the policy established by
20
the Department of the Navy with respect to the
21
cancellation of the service life extension pro-
22
gram.
23
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
24
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
25
was set aside or otherwise made available out of ap-
HR 2643 IH
55
1
propriations made by the Dire Emergency Supple-
2
mental Appropriations for Consequences of Oper-
3
ation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Food Stamps,
4
Unemployment Compensation Administration, Veter-
5
ans Compensation and Pensions, and Other Urgent
6
Needs Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-27; 105 Stat.
7
130); and
8
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
9
amount.
10
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
11 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $292,000,000 for
12 the service life extension program for the U.S.S. Kennedy
13 to be conducted at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard (sec-
14 tion 203 of the Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropria-
15 tions for Consequences of Operation Desert Shield/Desert
16 Storm, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation Ad-
17 ministration, Veterans Compensation and Pensions, and
18 Other Urgent Needs Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 139)).
19 SEC. 1002. GRANT TO UNIVERSITY.
20
(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds that-
21
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c) is set
22
aside for a grant related to activities of the Depart-
23
ment of Education; and
24
(2) the grant was-
25
(A) not awarded on a competitive basis;
HR 2643 IH
56
1
(B) not the subject of congressional com-
2
mittee or subcommittee hearings;
3
(C) without meaningful relationship to the
4
Act under which it was funded;
5
(D) earmarked in violation of established
6
congressional procedures; and
7
(E) first added by the committee of confer-
8
ence on the Dire Emergency Supplemental Ap-
9
propriations for Consequences of Operation
10
Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Food Stamps, Un-
11
employment Compensation Administration, Vet-
12
erans Compensation and Pensions, and Other
13
Urgent Needs Act of 1991.
14
(b) RESCISSION.-There are rescinded-
15
(1) the amount listed in subsection (c), which
16
was set aside or otherwise made available pursuant
17
to section 208 of the Dire Emergency Supplemental
18
Appropriations for Consequences of Operation
19
Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Food Stamps, Unem-
20
ployment Compensation Administration, Veterans
21
Compensation and Pensions, and Other Urgent
22
Needs Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-27; 105 Stat.
23
130); and
24
(2) the underlying appropriation for the
25
amount.
.HR 2643 IH
57
1
(c) AMOUNT.-Except to the extent obligated, the
2 amount rescinded by subsection (b) is $8,000,000 for the
3 cost of construction and related costs of establishing a
4 Center for Commerce and Industrial Expansion at Loyola
5 University of Chicago which amount was made available
6 by transfer pursuant to section 208 of such Act.
O
HR 2643 IH
CITIZENS for A SOUND ECONOMY: 1990 ANNUAL REPORT
COMMON sense ECONOMICS TO BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
PRESIDENT'S LETTER 2
CHAIRMEN'S LETTERS 4
A CLOSER LOOK 6
MEMBERSHIP 7
TAX AND BUDGET 9
TRADE 12
REGULATORY REFORM 14
ADDITIONAL CONCERNS 17
STATE PROJECTS 18
TAX FOUNDATION 19
CITIZENS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 20
TRAINING AND PLACEMENT 21
MEDIA OUTREACH 22
PEACE, freedom, AND PROSPERITY 24
FINANCIAL REPORT 25
PUBLICATIONS 28
ARTICLES 29
BOARDS 31
STAFF 32
PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY CITIZENS FOR A SOUND ECONOMY
AND CITIZENS FOR A SOUND ECONOMY FOUNDATION
MISSION
CSE, a free market advocacy group, promotes economic freedom and
opportunity for all citizens by mobilizing people who can change public
policy.
By mobilizing policymakers in Washington, members of the media, and
citizens across the country, CSE transforms policy proposals into reality.
CSE goes beyond the boundaries of traditional policy organizations by
working to implement our agenda.
CSE Foundation, an educational and research affiliate of CSE, develops inno-
vative solutions to today's economic problems through private sector initia-
tives that reduce government intervention in the economy.
STRATEGY
SELECT ISSUES. CSE selects issues that allow US to leverage free-market
victories. We seek victories that can both unleash entrepreneurial energy in
the private sector and create pressure for further political change.
IDENTIFY CONSTITUENCIES. For each issue, CSE identifies the constituen-
cies (citizens, policymakers, or journalists) whose mobilization gives US the
greatest chance of achieving our goals. Constituencies are called upon to
exercise influence directly and to provide resources that we can employ in
mobilization efforts.
SELECT AND UTILIZE TOOLS TO MOBILIZE CONSTITUENCIES. The
appropriate tools will vary from issue to issue, depending on whether grass-
roots pressure, lobbying by influential individuals or corporations, media
activity, policy studies, legal activity, or activism by political insiders will
most effectively achieve victory. Actual mobilization efforts put the chosen
tools to work in an integrated campaign to achieve change.
FOLLOW-UP. Not all of the constituencies we mobilize are committed to a
broad free-market agenda, but many are sympathetic. Consequently, we use
each mobilization effort as an opportunity to find common ground with
allied constituencies and incorporate them into future mobilization efforts.
1
PRESIDENT'S LETTER
A YEAR OF GROWTH
or Citizens for a Sound Economy, 1990 was a year of tremendous
growth and innovation. The challenges we face in implementing
sound economic policy require continuous improvement, and we
made great strides during the year to make CSE a more effective or-
ganization than ever before.
The battle over the federal budget took center stage in 1990. The year was
a disaster for the taxpayer, as the vast majority of Washington power brokers
The people of CSE
pushed through the largest first-year tax increase in our nation's history.
Against this move, CSE fought with a tenacity that left some of the most
pledge that the
powerful lawmakers in the capital muttering to themselves.
CSE mobilized its grassroots membership like never before, sending
growth and inno-
160,000 hand-written letters to the White House and hundreds of thousands
more to Capitol Hill calling for no new taxes. Our timely analyses of budget
vation that were the
developments, numerous newspaper articles, the mass-distributed book Wast-
ing America's Money, and some adroit lobbying helped us to defeat the first
hallmarks of 1990
budget summit agreement, and narrowly missed defeating the final agree-
ment. Though we lost the battle, CSE developed citizen mobilization skills
will continue in the
that will make victory more likely in the years ahead.
Elsewhere, CSE Legal Alliance scored a major victory by stopping a bill
that would have gutted the Paperwork Reduction Act and paved the way for
years to come.
massive and costly government regulations in the coming years.
CSE responded to growing concerns for the environment and congres-
sional reform by launching two new organizations: Citizens for the Envi-
ronment and Citizens for Congressional Reform. These organizations will
make their presence known in the years to come.
Our success is due to a dedicated, creative, and rapidly expanding staff; to
an enthusiastic board of directors committed to our ideals; and to our
250,000 members whose involvement makes our work possible and whose ac-
tivism is our strongest weapon.
CSE's strength comes from these people, all working together to accom-
plish our mission. The people of CSE pledge that the growth and innovation
that were the hallmarks of 1990 will continue in the years to come, as we build
for ourselves and for coming generations a healthy economy, a free and pros-
perous America, a brighter future.
Paul Baker
PAUL BECKNER
PRESIDENT
2
CHAIRMAN'S LETTER
CSE FOUNDATION IS OUR LEGACY
f I've learned anything, I've learned this: Time is our most precious re-
source. How we spend that time determines our legacy to future gen-
erations. How do we want to be remembered?
Do we want to be remembered as the ones who created an enormous
national debt that stretched into the next century?
Or do we want to be among those who took measures to reduce that debt
Do we want to be remembered as the ones who squandered the nation's
wealth on wasteful pork-barrel projects that served only a narrow interest?
Or do we want to be among those who instituted controls on federal
spending-and stuck to them
Do we want to be remembered as the ones who allowed our economy to
stagnate under excessive government regulations and protectionist policies?
Or do we want to be among those who broke those chains and advanced
the principles of competition in the marketplace
The answers are obvi-
ous to me, and SO I choose to spend my time with my eyes fixed firmly on the
future ahead of us.
CSE Foundation shares my commitment to this vision. Through its edu-
cational and research programs, it has demonstrated to me time and time
again that the future of our nation
can be directed along a positive
Through its educa-
route. The way to accomplish this is
to educate citizens, policymakers,
tional and research
and members of the media about the
dangers we face and how to over-
programs, CSE
come them through the implemen-
tation of sound economic policies.
Foundation has
The decision to devote one's time
and resources to improving our
demonstrated to me
world and our future is not to be
made lightly. But it's a decision that,
time and time again
for me anyway, has no alternative an-
swer. To build a future, we must in-
that the future of
vest in the present. I hope you will
join me in this noble cause.
our nation can be
directed along a
Dard H Yorl
DAVID H. KOCH
positive route.
CHAIRMAN, CSE FOUNDATION
4
CHAIRMAN'S LETTER
CSE REPRESENTS THE INTERESTS OF CITIZENS
he first time I met CSE's founder, Rich Fink, he told me with great
T
gusto of his plans to put together a grassroots organization "to rep-
resent the true interest of consumers and taxpayers." I was in-
trigued by the idea and told my wife about it. But at the end of my
narrative, I said, "It just won't work. He'll never get more than a
few thousand people to support sound policy in Washington."
Boy, was I wrong! In less than a decade, CSE has become a broad-scale
membership organization and one of the most influential voices in Washing-
ton-not to represent special interests, but to represent citizens' interests.
These interests include opposition to: profligate, wasteful spending; tax in-
creases that lower disposable incomes; mounting deficits that reduce our stan-
dards of living and burden future generations; excessive regulation and pa-
CSE Foundation Chairman David
perwork requirements that raise costs and stifle innovation; and protectionist
Koch (left) helped found CSE
trade measures that eliminate jobs and reduce competition. CSE's efforts on
Foundation and has been active in
behalf of citizens include the promotion of: privatization of government func-
the organization since its inception
tions to lower costs and improve services; better management of government;
in 1984. CSE Chairman James C.
empowerment of people-to allow them, rather than the politicians, to make
Miller III came on board in 1988.
the key decisions that affect their lives; and a setting free of the power of the
marketplace to enable people to satisfy their wants and pursue their individ-
ual interests.
The effectiveness of CSE is vitally dependent on you, the CSE members.
Every time one of you makes a phone call to your congressman, writes a let-
ter to the editor of your home-town newspaper, or shares views about national
issues with others, CSE's message carries that much more weight here in
Washington.
Thanks to the involvement of the more than 250,000 CSE members, the
scales are tipping in support of sound economic policy.
Without a doubt, CSE's greatest challenges as well as its greatest accom-
plishments lie ahead. But when CSE wins, the American taxpayer wins. When
CSE wins, the voters win. When CSE wins, the whole country wins.
It is your activism and your support that make this possible.
JAMES C. MILLER III
CHAIRMAN, CSE
JOHN M. OLIN DISTINGUISHED FELLOW, CSE FOUNDATION
5
A CLOSER LOOK
HOW CSE BUILDS VICTORIES
n the closing days of the 101st Congress, CSE Legal Alliance (CSELA)
achieved one of its most significant victories. CSELA played a major role
in killing a bill that would have gutted one of the most effective tools in
stopping costly regulation.
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) has applied cost-benefit analysis to all proposed paperwork
requests in federal regulations, and in the process has defeated many of the
most onerous. Last February, the Supreme Court ruled that OMB couldn't
apply that analysis to third-party disclosure rules. Because of this change, it
became possible for agencies to rewrite their regulations to avoid OMB re-
view. That allows agencies to impose burdensome regulations that cost Amer-
icans billions of dollars annually.
To reverse the Supreme Court's ruling, CSELA supported amending the
Paperwork Reduction Act. But two bills introduced in Congress not only
failed to amend the Act, they also further weakened OMB's role.
Throughout 1990, CSELA lobbied against the two bills and urged
Congress to reverse the court case. Unfortunately, the Administration, at the
urging of Senator John Glenn (D-OH), decided not to stop a bill that severely
weakened OMB's role in paperwork reduction.
When it became clear that opposition to the bill was crumbling, CSELA
called several senators and asked that they put a "hold" on the bill. A "hold"
is an informal legislative device that keeps a bill from going to a vote. Two
senators did so. Two days before Congress was to recess, the Administration
convinced those senators to release the "holds." Thus, the bill was set to sail
through the Senate and House.
The next day, CSELA engaged in a last-ditch effort to stop the bill.
Building coalitions between
Through phone calls to several dozen legislative offices, we found senators
organizations with similar goals is
and congressmen willing to put a "hold" on the bill.
a critical element of CSE's strategy
When Senator Glenn tried to bring the bill to a floor vote on the last day
to mobilize a wide range of citizens
Congress was in session, he discovered that the bill had two more "holds" on
on key issues. CSE President
it. Furthermore, if those "holds" were removed, two more would be put on it.
Paul Beckner speaks at a press
The bill was stopped.
conference organized by a coalition
In early 1991, CSELA began working on the Paperwork Reduction Act of
to introduce budget reforms.
1991 that will not only remedy the court case but also strengthen OMB's
power to kill overly costly regulations. CSELA aggressively acquired bipar-
tisan support, and the bill was introduced in April 1991.
6
MEMBERSHIP
REPRESENTING THE VIEWS OF 250,000 CITIZENS
ur members are the cornerstone of CSE and CSE Founda-
O
O
tion. Not only do members provide the financial support we
need to strengthen our educational, research, and lobbying
programs, but the collective strength of our members gives
us the clout on Capitol Hill and at the White House that al-
lows us to make a difference in Washington.
In 1990, CSE educational materials and calls to action were received by
several million households, and tens of thousands of new members from all
over the country joined CSE. This indicates to us an increasing concern
among Americans about the dangers of continuing to pursue current eco-
nomic policies. People are upset and unsure-and rightfully so-about their
own economic future and that of their children and grandchildren. These
concerns cannot be ignored.
We are proud that these citizens have chosen CSE to faithfully represent
their views in Washington.
A WAY TO VOICE CONCERNS
Not only does CSE represent these citizens, we provide a
A SOUP KITCHEN in Kansas City was
means for individual taxpayers to voice their concerns-and
given a million dollars to move to a new
make sure those concerns are heard-at the highest levels.
building it didn't even want thanks to pork-
Last summer, CSE members sent more than 160,000 hand-
barrel spending. Members of Congress
written letters to President Bush urging him to stick to his
"No New Taxes" pledge. Ultimately, the President broke his
continue to use appropriations bills to hide
pledge, but CSE demonstrated once again that our members
their pork from taxpayers.
are a powerful force not to be taken lightly. The administra-
tion knows that unacceptable policies will garner an immedi-
ate and powerful response from our quarter-million members.
Our members were an integral component in our fight to pass the Bal-
anced Budget Amendment. We came closer than ever to getting this legisla-
tion through Congress-we picked up over 40 more votes from the last time
the Amendment was voted on, and the credit goes to our steadfast CSE mem-
bers. We targeted 50 congressmen who were sitting on the fence and were
undecided about which way to cast their vote on the Balanced Budget Amend-
ment. We telephoned members in these targeted districts and asked if they
would like to be directly "patched through" via a phone hook-up to their con-
gressman's office. In the few days before the vote, more than 1,500 CSE
members said "yes." The final results? Over half of the targeted congressmen
voted for the Amendment, and we got calls from many congressional staffers
asking us to ease the pressure!
7
"We feel very let down by the current talk there may be
new tax increases. THIS IS NOT THE ANSWER-
American taxpayers have surrendered an average of more than
$40 billion in additional taxes each year since 1980.
Yet Congress has averaged a deficit of more than $200 billion each
year since 1980. It is time to stop all the lip service and to start
cutting out the wasteful spending."
BARTON L. STAUFFER, ORLANDO, FLORIDA-CSE MEMBER
FROM A LETTER WRITTEN TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS DURING THE BUDGET SUMMIT NEGOTIATIONS
KEEPING TAXPAYERS EDUCATED
We continue to fulfill our mission to educate taxpayers through various mem-
bership special issues mailings, as well as through our monthly newsletter,
On Alert. The year-end issue featured a comprehensive vote tally on key con-
gressional votes, including the various votes that led to the final budget agree-
ment. To better serve our members' needs, each senator's and congressman's
vote was labeled as being either FOR or AGAINST the American taxpayer.
CSE's commitment to education is carried through on a one-to-one level.
We received many thousands of letters from our members in 1990, and each
was read carefully and answered with a personal response. The comments and
suggestions offered by our members are regularly compiled and distributed
to staff members.
What sets CSE and CSE Foundation apart from other organizations de-
voted to changing public policy is that we are constantly mindful of the peo-
ple we are working for: our members, the average American taxpayers-reg-
ular people who expect their government to pursue sound economic policies
SO that they can in turn pursue their dreams.
8
TAX AND BUDGET
SCORING VICTORIES AGAINST THE ODDS
0 combat the tax-and-spenders entrenched in Washington, CSE
PHONY BUDGET CUTS ARE
T
and CSE Foundation must do remarkable things with the limited
CREATED to prevent any true
resources entrusted to us. Considering that the bureaucratic wel-
budget savings from being
fare state buys support for higher taxes by spending the equiva-
realized. The current services
lent of CSE's annual budget every three minutes, it's clear that
budget is used as a starting
CSE and CSE Foundation face an uphill battle every day. Though 1990 was
a disastrous year for American taxpayers due to passage of the second largest
point by policymakers who look
tax increase in our nation's history, we were able to score some important vic-
at the projected figures-
tories in our ongoing efforts to build a more prosperous future for America.
higher than last year's budget
due to predicted inflation and
THE TAX AND budget WAR OF 1990
other factors-and then make
From the moment that President Bush submitted his "no new taxes" budget
their "cuts." For example,
in January of 1990, CSE has been on the move, beginning with the timely
Medicare "cuts" of $1.7 billion
analysis of the budget that was widely distributed the following day.
CSE has become known for such timely analyses, which are sent to the
were proposed, yet the
media, the policy and business communities, the administration, and Capi-
program itself still would have
tol Hill, before most people have even digested the latest tax and budget de-
grown by $8 billion.
velopments.
CSE's immediate response was a tremendous asset in the tax and budget
war of 1990; this was perhaps the most challenging fight in our history. The
most powerful forces in Washington-President Bush, the joint Democratic
and Republican leadership in the House and Senate, and a sizeable segment
of the Washington business community-devoted six months of their time
and efforts in preparation for the mighty challenge: to produce a budget sum-
mit agreement containing the second largest tax increase in history.
Despite the awesome array of political forces in support of the original
budget agreement, the agreement went down to defeat in the House. CSE
was one of the principal architects of this defeat.
1991
THE FEDERAL DEBT
The federal debt has more than
$3.5
1990
tripled since 1981. If projected
figures prove correct, the national
debt will soar to $3.62 trillion in
1989
3.0
1991. That figure represents more
1988
than $14,500 for every man, woman,
and child in America. Last year's
1987
2.5
budget summit agreement is pro-
1986
jected to increase the debt by $800.5
billion over the next three years.
1985
2.0
1984
1983
1.5
1982
1981
9
1.0
.5
Trillions
IN THE FOREFRONT
The conventional wisdom held that tax increases were virtually a certainty
after the president abandoned his "no new taxes" position. Yet we knew that
a tax increase was not the solution to our nation's economic problems: out-
of-control government spending has put us in our current fiscal bind; more
taxes would simply be spent on more useless pork-barrel projects. And tax-
payers across the country, including our 250,000 members, knew that, too.
However, trying to defeat the president and the bipartisan leadership of both
the House and the Senate was thought to be impossible. At a time when other
national organizations and members of Congress rationalized their inactivity-
The "deficit reduction agreement"
or, indeed, their support for tax increases-CSE was in the forefront of the
does not cut spending-federal
charge against tax increases. Targeting congressmen on the fence, mobilizing
spending will increase every year.
grassroots support, and blanketing the airwaves with our anti-tax message,
The so-called "cuts" in spending
CSE had the tools and expertise to implement this strategy. We were also well-
were decreases of projected
known, trusted, and relied upon by those congressmen and senators who led
increases: hardly a meaningful
the fight for us within Congress. CSE met with this leadership every week
solution to the fiscal crisis.
for five months to develop and implement our strategy.
Congressional leaders at the start of the budget
1995
summit said there would be no deal unless there was a
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING
hostage exchange: a majority of both parties would
have to support it. Neither party wanted to go on
1994
record as supporting a huge tax increase in an election
year without the other party joining them. So CSE
$ 1.40
targeted the weak link of this agreement: House Re-
1993
publicans.
A KING-SIZE MONKEY WRENCH
Building on a firewall of representatives pledged to op-
1.35
1992
pose tax increases, CSE was instrumental in passing
the Armey Resolution, which committed the House Re-
publican Conference to a "no new taxes" position. Pas-
sage of the Armey Resolution served as a king-size mon-
key wrench thrown into the budget negotiations, and
1.30
it bought us precious time to gear up our grassroots.
FY 1991
Meanwhile, on the other end of Pennsylvania Av-
enue, CSE was working furiously to shore up Presi-
dent Bush's "no new taxes" pledge with an avalanche
1.25
of 160,000 hand-written anti-tax increase letters that
were prompted by CSE's campaign to alert one mil-
1990
Spending
Level
1.20
10
1.15
Trillions
lion Americans to the dangers of a massive new tax increase. Washington saw
CSE bumper stickers that served as a reminder of a promise made: "READ
OUR LIPS NO NEW TAXES."
Nonetheless, when the budget summit agreement was finally reached, the
White House bore down hard on likely opponents to a huge tax increase.
Group after group caved in.
CSE came under intense lobbying from the Bush Administration to either
come out in support of the agreement or stand idly by. But CSE rode tall and
returned fire. CSE shot out a devastating analysis, the first to document the
budget agreement's fatal flaws: it contained the second largest tax increase in
American history; spending would actually increase every year, and there were
no enforcement mechanisms to hold deficit spending in check.
CSE Senior Advisor Michael Monroney, at the helm of the Coalition for
Fiscal Restraint (COFIRE), rallied opposition to the budget agreement.
COFIRE membership numbered over 90 organizations and associations.
We also activated our media outreach program. CSE staff appeared on 42
television talk shows and 136 radio talk shows. Additionally, we published four
exclusive editorials in The Wall Street Fournal, including "Pull the Plug on the
The CSE push for "no new taxes"
Budget Deal" by CSE Chairman James C. Miller III.
is reaffirmed as CSE Chairman
Our efforts succeeded in keeping a majority of Republicans from voting
James C. Miller III addresses
for a tax increase. When this became clear in the final moments of the vote,
a crowded press conference held
so many Democrats abandoned the budget agreement that it went down in
at the Capitol.
flames. While a second agreement ultimately passed, we narrowly missed de-
feating that deal, too, coming within 14 votes in the House.
AN ONGOING CAMPAIGN
All in all, in the 1990 campaign for deficit reduction through spending re-
straint, CSE generated half a million letters from our members to Capitol
Hill; distributed 350,000 copies of Wasting America's Money, our booklet doc-
umenting outrageous pork-barrel spending; published six studies on tax is-
sues; wrote two dozen different newspaper columns; coordinated more than
200 lobbying visits to Congress; and conducted hundreds of radio and televi-
sion interviews. CSE Chairman James C. Miller III appeared on numerous
nationally broadcast programs.
We will continue to use our resources in the most effective way possible
in our ongoing campaign to bring about the fiscal reforms our country SO
desperately needs. Nineteen-ninety demonstrates that CSE, CSE Founda-
tion, and COFIRE are willing to stand firm on our commitment to represent
the voice of America's taxpayers in Washington.
11
TRADE
DEFENDING CONSUMERS UNDER ATTACK
COST TO CONSUMERS
hroughout 1990, American consumers were under attack as
BY INDUSTRY
Congress considered a number of proposals that would have dras-
Apparel
tically restricted Americans' access to imported merchandise and
capital. While many of these legislative proposals were the work
of special-interest trade groups, there were also a number of pro-
$15 Billions
posals that attempted to blackmail foreign markets into becoming more open
by threatening U.S. protectionist measures as a consequence. In all cases,
CSE was at the front of the battle to advocate open markets.
Our position on trade is based upon one of the most universally-supported
economic principles: free trade is good policy because it stimulates economic
growth and provides consumers with better and cheaper goods. Protection-
ism is the economic equivalent of imposing a military blockade on ourselves.
Yet this simple proposition continues to come under attack from a number of
10
Textiles
sources, and 1990 was no exception. Some industries blatantly called for pro-
tectionism, some demanded protectionism under the guise of "fair trade,"
and some promoted policies that amounted to hidden protectionism.
SPECIAL INTERESTS DEMANDING PROTECTION
Steel
One prime example of blatant special interest protectionism came when the
textile industry asked for restrictive new legislation. This legislation was even
Dairy
Autos
more alarming than previous textile bills because it threatened the Uruguay
Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Had the leg-
islation been enacted, it would have upset the delicate give-and-take in which
5
countries (including the United States) agreed to lower textile barriers in re-
turn for increased access to markets in developing countries.
In other words, Americans would have lost twice: we would have had to
pay higher clothing prices, and we would have lost the $16,800 that the Office
of the United States Trade Representative estimates the average family of the
four will gain over the next decade from a successful GATT round due to
lower trade barriers.
Though it's difficult to envision a more clear-cut case of special interests
demanding protection at the expense of American consumers, opponents of
the textile legislation faced an uphill battle. The textile industry proved a
The cost of trade barriers to
formidable opponent, as it easily persuaded both the Senate and the House
consumers is hidden in the final
to support the bill.
price of the products. Recent
However, CSE was not deterred, and we kept up the pressure through a
protectionist measures have cost
concentrated program of editorials, policy papers, radio interviews, and grass-
consumers billions of dollars for
roots outreach. President Bush vetoed the textile bill, and Congress upheld
a variety of products.
his veto; thus we chalked up a victory for American consumers.
12
IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
THE MYTH OF RETALIATION
BOOST CLOTHING COSTS
Not all protectionists were so obvious in their efforts to restrict the free flow
by 40 percent. Reduce these
of trade and investment. "Sophisticated" protectionists advocated a number
restrictions and consumers
of trade policies that threatened U.S. consumers. One of these relied on the
could save $20 billion annually.
popular Washington myth that the government can use the threat of retali-
Ironically, the poor pay more:
ation to force open markets.
We pointed out the shortcomings in this approach to trade policy through
protectionism typically accounts
a series of policy papers and newspaper articles. While retaliating against
for 33 percent of the price at a
countries that trade "unfairly" sounds attractive, such policies rarely succeed
discount store versus 3 percent
in opening foreign markets. More often these policies lead to closed markets
in exclusive department stores.
in the U.S. and trade wars that limit American access to foreign markets.
DEFEATING PROTECTIONIST FOREIGN INVESTMENT BILLS
The foreign investment debate was on the minds of many in Washington and
throughout the country. However, in part because of our past success in de-
feating protectionist foreign investment legislation, the worst of the invest-
ment bills were never introduced. One bill raised particular concern: Con-
gressional worries about a lack of detailed information about foreign investors
in the U.S. led to the introduction of legislation that would have required for-
eign firms-but not U.S. firms-to disclose confidential business informa-
tion. This could have discouraged foreign investors while threatening Amer-
icans who invest overseas. CSE and CSE Foundation pointed out the
drawbacks to this legislation, and Congress eventually approved a watered-
down bill that treated U.S. and foreign firms equally. The compromise bill
marked another victory.
In 1990, we also laid the ground for proactive proposals to open markets.
Quotas on peanuts cost consumers
We started the year with a release of an analysis of the U.S.-Canada Free
an estimated $190 million
Trade Agreement and some of the many benefits that it brought to the United
annually. Director of Trade Bryan
States. A later analysis previewed the potential benefits of a U.S.-Mexico free
Riley urges removal of these
trade agreement.
quotas at a press conference.
In the future, bilateral and multilateral agreements such as these, along
with GATT, may provide the best
opportunity to continue to lower
U.S. trade barriers. Such agree-
ments will lead to a freer, more open
economy, one that will foster
healthy competition that benefits
consumers and businesses alike in
the global marketplace.
13
SKIPPY
REGULATORY REFORM
CURBING EXCESSIVE REGULATIONS
ongress has concocted a multitude of laws that shackle the U.S.
.
economy by creating barriers to competition. Agencies exacerbate
the problem by using these laws to write anti-competitive regula-
tions. Federal judges play the game, allowing Congress and the
agencies to create and perpetuate government-sanctioned cartels.
Using free-market analysis, Citizens for a Sound Economy Legal Alliance
Michael Boskin, Chairman of
(CSELA) works in all branches of government to destroy those cartels.
the President's Council of Economic
CSELA not only challenges judges' anti-competitive interpretations of laws
Advisers, discusses the future
and regulations, it challenges the laws and regulations themselves. With its
regulation of the financial services
comprehensive strategy, CSELA is one of the few public-interest legal groups
industry at a CSE Foundation-
battling so-called "consumer" groups and special interests where they hurt
hosted luncheon on the savings
the economy most.
and loan bailout.
A LEGAL FRAMEWORK THAT MANDATES DEREGULATION
The deregulation of the early 1980s is now but a fond memory. The current
administration has made scant progress in curbing excessive regulation, and
many agency and department heads have introduced potentially costly regu-
latory initiatives. The costs of complying with the government's increasing
regulatory requirements played a significant role in 1990's economic down-
turn. To reverse this trend, CSELA's top priority is creating a legal frame-
work that mandates deregulation.
The Office of Management and Budget's Office of Information and Reg-
ulatory Affairs (OIRA) currently serves as the government's only watchdog
over excessive regulation. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, OIRA reviews
agencies' proposed regulations and has the power to veto those that impose
greater costs than benefits.
In 1990, Congress tried to eviscerate OIRA, and the administration, un-
fortunately, went along. In a last-ditch effort, CSELA killed a bill that would
have given agencies a free rein to implement extremely burdensome regula-
tions. CSELA is not content to rest on this victory. Future efforts will be de-
voted to working with various coalitions to write a new Paperwork Reduction
Act. Instead of weakening OIRA, CSELA's bill will dramatically strengthen
the agency's ability to curb regulatory excess. In addition, it will force federal
agencies to do far more to justify their onerous regulatory proposals.
HOSTAGE TO AN IRRELEVANT LAW
Communications technology has altered the world economy by making a
wealth of computer-based information instantly available. Already, com-
munications is the most important component of private-sector productiv-
ity. Entire industries, such as financial services, have been dramatically re-
14
shaped. National borders are becoming increasingly irrelevant to the flow
of information, thus enhancing trade among firms in all countries.
"If the postal
Despite these advances, the communications industry labors under the
1934 Communications Act, which ensured that broadcasting and telephone
service is so good,
services would be government-sanctioned monopolies. Even though modern
technology, particularly the silicon chip, has rendered the law irrelevant, it
so low in price, and
remains in effect.
Even worse, in 1982, federal district court Judge Harold Greene appointed
so wonderful a
himself as the sole overseer of much of the telecommunications industry. Un-
fortunately, Judge Greene is firmly rooted in the faulty economic notions
bargain, what does
prevalent at the turn of the century. He has created a legal framework that
requires seven large high-technology firms-the regional Bell companies-
it have to fear from
to request his permission whenever they wish to compete, no matter how
minimally. Worse, he has banned those companies from developing aston-
competition?"
ishing new computer technologies for the mass market.
The Legal Alliance entered into an effort to dismantle this legal roadblock
JAMES C. MILLER III
by joining the appeal of Judge Greene's refusal to lift these nonsensical com-
CSE CHAIRMAN
petitive bans. In 1990, adopting the logic CSELA set out in its brief, the D.C.
ABC "NIGHTLINE"
Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a significant part of that decision and sent
MARCH 16, 1990
it back to Judge Greene. CSELA has since intervened in Judge Greene's
court, urging him to lift the bans. In addition, CSELA formed a coalition
with a wide array of public interest groups, including the NAACP and sev-
eral groups representing the disabled, in the process exposing a much broader
group to free-market thinking.
The Legal Alliance also attacked Judge Greene's anti-competitive deci-
sions by urging Congress to reverse him. To that end, CSELA published End-
less Error: The Case for Lifting the Bell Restrictions, a comprehensive analysis of
the reasons for lifting the bans. That study established CSELA's position
among policymakers and served as the basis for our congressional testimony.
In the agencies, CSELA has repeatedly filed comments with the Federal
Communications Commission and the Department of Commerce, urging
IT TAKES MORE THAN 200
the agencies to continue their deregulatory course of the 1980s.
PAGES to publish each day's
Finally, CSELA continues to attack the 1984 Cable Act, which banned all
edition of The Federal Register,
telephone companies from providing cable service and created cable monopolies.
a compilation of the newest
rules and regulations in gov-
SOARING POSTAL COSTS AND DECLINING SERVICE
ernment. In 1936, its first
Current law gives the U.S. Postal Service unfettered discretion to define the
scope of its monopoly and set postal rates. As a result, consumers face soar-
year, 3,439 documents were
ing postal costs and declining service.
received for publication; last
The Legal Alliance entered the most recent rate case in early 1990 and
year there were 30,126.
15
THE FRENCH "MINITEL" SYSTEM allows telephone users to access more than 8,000 services from their
telephones, including purchasing travel tickets and home banking. Current laws forbid the 7 Bell tele-
phone companies from creating and generating such information services that could benefit consumers.
/
36660
Phillip Mink, General Counsel,
throughout the year urged the Postal Service to scale back its monopoly. Al-
CSE Legal Alliance, demonstrates
though the Postal Service has implemented a rate increase, CSELA continues
how easily consumers can access
to press the agency to recognize the inefficiencies of its monopoly and allow
information on the French "mini-
competition.
tel" system.
To complement these regulatory initiatives, CSELA will attack the law
giving the Postal Service the power to define its monopoly. CSELA is devel-
oping a legislative strategy to limit the monopoly's scope, thereby reducing
the Postal Service's power to regulate itself, and allowing competition.
Consumers and businesses alike benefit from a market where competition
is robust. Excessive government intervention and regulation can only stifle
the market forces that made America an industrial leader. CSELA will con-
tinue to fight to free those forces.
16
ADDITIONAL CONCERNS
HEADING OFF THREATS FROM MANY DIRECTIONS
THE INCREASED PROMINENCE OF ENERGY ISSUES
The situation in the Persian Gulf brought forth renewed calls for a national
CSE Chairman James C. Miller III
energy policy. As a result, many politicians mistakenly called for an increased
and former policy analyst Virginia
government role in the energy area. At the same time, the crisis highlighted
Stouffer explain the consumer
many current regulations that harm the interests of Americans.
benefits of trucking deregulation
Recognizing the increased prominence of energy issues, CSE began an
during testimony before a House
energy project late in 1990. Already we have been active in opposing "price
subcommittee.
gouging" legislation and legislation
which would inhibit the way companies
market gasoline. In the coming year, we
plan to deepen our involvement in areas
such as the debate over President Bush's
national energy strategy, fuel efficiency
standards for automobiles, and the im-
plementation of the Clean Air Act.
SUGAR QUOTAS HARM
CONSUMERS
Sugar quotas force U.S. consumers to pay
roughly double the world price for sugar.
CSE's agricultural project continued to at-
tack these quotas through release of nu-
merous policy papers and editorials, testi-
mony before the House Ways and Means
trade subcommittee, and personal lobby-
ing of key Senate and House leaders.
LAYING TO REST MYTHS ABOUT DEREGULATION
The Staggers Act of 1980 deregulated most railroad rates, generating large
consumer savings and enhancing American competitiveness. As President
Bush prepared to nominate new members of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, observers feared that congressional critics of deregulation would grab
the opportunity to re-open debate on revising the Staggers Act. To help head
off such a debate, CSE Foundation prepared an Economic Perspective summa-
rizing the Staggers Act's consumer benefits and refuting the Consumer Fed-
eration of America's claims on "monopoly pricing."
CSE Foundation continued to work to lay to rest myths about airline dereg-
ulation with an integrated research and public education campaign that included
an evaluation of major government and industry studies of deregulation.
17
STATE PROJECTS
EXPANDING INTO NEW AREAS
Educational choice-allowing
he work we do to bring about change in the status quo on the fed-
parents to choose the schools their
eral level goes hand in hand with our rapidly expanding state pro-
children will attend-was on the
jects program. State projects are designed to educate citizens and
November ballot in Oregon
and
affect policy on the state and local level.
supported by CSE. At a CSE dinner in
Virginia Citizens for a Sound Economy maintained a strong pres-
Washington, Vice President Dan
ence at the Virginia General Assembly and worked throughout the year to en-
Quayle expressed his support for
courage Governor Douglas Wilder to hold his strong stand against new taxes.
educational choice nationwide.
VCSE won a victory for Virginia consumers with an aggressive campaign
Former CSE President Wayne Gable
against the petroleum "divorcement" and "open supply" legislation. The bill,
greets the Vice President.
had it passed, would have prohibited gasoline refiners from running their own
gasoline stations. This intervention would have signifi-
cantly reduced the consumer's ability to choose among a
number of competing gasoline stations, and could have
resulted in higher prices at the pump. VCSE was a key
force in the successful defeat of the legislation: staff
members testified several times before the Study Com-
mittee on Divorcement and Representative Offering for
Inclusion in the Virginia Petroleum Franchise Act.
The first annual VCSE Awards Banquet raised a large
part of VCSE's operating budget and recognized four
state legislators for their exemplary work on issues rang-
ing from taxes to privatization. Attendance reached al-
most 200-including 22 members of the General As-
sembly-a reflection of the fine reputation VCSE enjoys
in the Commonwealth.
THE TIME IS RIGHT FOR A MESSAGE OF
FISCAL REFORM
Thanks to three major grants awarded to CSE Founda-
tion in late 1990, new state projects in New York and New
Jersey are off to a running start, and we feel confident that
our message will find willing ears. Severe budgetary prob-
lems in these states indicate that the time is right for our
message of fiscal reform.
There are enormous opportunities ahead for us to play
a leading role in affecting policy change at the state and
local levels. With these changes, we will further our goal
to help Americans everywhere find a brighter future
through economic freedoms.
18
TAX FOUNDATION
OBJECTIVE RESEARCH AND PUBLIC EDUCATION
TAX FREEDOM DAY
S the size of government continues to grow, so does the need
for reliable information about its cost and scope. Since 1937,
May
8
the Tax Foundation has been monitoring tax and fiscal activ-
May
4
ities at all levels of government: federal, state, and local. In
that year, far-sighted citizens and civic-minded businessmen
April
envisioned an independent group of researchers who, by gathering data and
26
April
publishing information on the public sector in an objective, unbiased fash-
18
ion, could counsel government, industry and the citizenry on public finance.
More than 50 years later, in a radically different public arena, the Tax Foun-
April
10
dation continues to fulfill the mission set out by its founders. It does so under
the guidance of its Policy Council and Program Committee, two groups of ex-
ecutives who provide leadership and technical expertise to Foundation staff.
In 1990, the Foundation recorded an extremely productive year. In addi-
tion to its monthly newsletter, Tax Features, and its annual handbook on pub-
March
lic finance, Facts and Figures on Government Finance, the Foundation conducted
17
four seminars and one national conference, and published and disseminated
five special reports, three seminar proceedings, fifteen press releases, and two
issue briefs.
HAVING AN IMPACT ON POLICY DECISIONS
Tax Foundation publications educate not only the general public but policy-
Feb-
makers and have an impact on the decisions made in Washington and state
ruary
capitals around the nation. For example, in an issue brief entitled A Decade of
15
Budget Summitry, published as budget negotiations began in June, staff
economist Paul Merski examined ten years of similar efforts by the president
and Congress, concluding that fiscal years preceded by budget summits ac-
tually had higher deficits than years not controlled by a summit agreement.
Several congressmen placed the Tax Foundation's analysis in the Con-
gressional Record, and this exposé of budget summits' poor deficit reduction
record was carried by dozens of publications nationwide.
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
The Tax Foundation's stated mission has always been to provide objective
research and public education on the taxing and spending activities of fed-
eral, state, and local governments. In pursuit of this goal, it strips away par-
Tax Freedom Day is the day
tisanship and rhetoric in favor of facts and clear-cut analysis. In a nutshell, it
when the average American worker
helps the American people to know what is happening to their money.
has finally earned enough money
In 1990 the Tax Foundation operated as a separate unit of Citizens for a Sound
to pay all his taxes. In 1991, Tax
Economy Foundation. On Fanuary 1, 1991, the Tax Foundation began operation
Freedom Day was the latest ever-
once again as an independent 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in the District of
May 8.
Columbia.
19
CITIZENS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
OFFERING FREE-MARKET ALTERNATIVES
NINETY PERCENT OF
SE and CSE Foundation believe sound public policy should pro-
AVAILABLE WATER in the
leaving only one in ten gallons
C
mote environmental stewardship consistent with economic
arid West goes to agriculture,
growth. That is why in late 1990 we launched two new grassroots
organizations, Citizens For the Environment (CFE) and its affili-
ate, CFE Action Fund. As alternatives to conventional environ-
for city and suburban use.
mental groups, CFE and CFE Action Fund advocate market- and science-
Government policies encourage
based solutions to environmental problems. Prior to the official introduction
agricultural waste: farmers
of the groups, CSE saw the need for educational and political action on sev-
who don't use up federally-
eral key environmental issues.
mandated water allocations
one season risk losing some of
LEGISLATION COSTS FAR EXCEEDED BENEFITS
that water next season.
CSE became active in opposing the Clean Air Act of 1990 in late summer.
Experts say the legislation's costs-estimated at between $25 billion and $50
billion annually-far exceed any environmental benefits. To contest the bill,
CSE Chairman James C. Miller III and six prominent economists, including
"Car tailpipe
three Nobel laureates, sent President Bush a letter urging him to consider the
harsh economic consequences of the Act. A copy of the letter appeared in
emissions have been
Congress' newspaper, Roll Call, and the letter was quoted on numerous oc-
casions during the congressional debate. Though the bill was enacted into
cut by 96 percent
law, CFE has continued pressuring the administration to ensure that it is im-
plemented in the most cost-effective and efficient way.
since 1970, accord-
SOUNDLY DEFEATED BY CALIFORNIA VOTERS
ing to the auto
California's Proposition 128-the "Big Green" initiative-was another piece
of well-intentioned but badly misguided legislation. The proposition tried to
industry. The new
handle numerous environmental concerns, often using extreme measures, and
would have created a powerful regulatory office to enforce these measures at
clean air laws are
all levels.
CSE worked with California-based groups to combat the bill. A letter ex-
expected to reduce
posing the poor science of the initiative and signed by six well-known Cali-
fornia scientists was distributed around the state. Several California newspa-
emissions only
pers published CSE editorial columns.
In November, California voters soundly defeated "Big Green" by a mar-
2 percent further."
gin of two to one.
More recently, CFE has started work in other areas-such as municipal
ANGELA LOGOMASINI
solid waste and the national energy strategy-where legislation and regula-
POLICY ANALYST, CFE
tion can actually stifle useful innovation, and where market solutions would
THE ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER
likely prove more successful.
20
TRAINING AND PLACEMENT
TAKING STUDENTS BEYOND THEIR TEXTBOOKS
ne of the building blocks essential to creating a prosperous,
free economy is the ongoing education of the young people
who will become tomorrow's leaders. CSE Foundation's suc-
cessful internship program continues to attract bright, mo-
tivated college students eager to learn more about free-mar-
ket economic principles and teaches them how to apply these principles to
the public policy debate.
Our internship program has been singled out by past participants as be-
ing one that goes beyond a "textbook experience." We're proud of this dis-
tinction because we seek to teach these students through practical training
such as authoring newspaper articles, researching facts for testimony and
analyses, writing for our member newsletters, attending briefings, and a myr-
iad of other hands-on activities.
EXPERIENCE THAT WILL COMPLEMENT OUR EFFORTS
With the experience gained here, we hope these students will in time advance
CSE staff and interns gather on
to positions where they can further their knowledge and apply it in ways that
the steps of the U.S. Capitol to
complement the efforts of CSE and CSE Foundation.
protest mandated parental leave
Such is also the goal for the policy analyst program, which is designed to
legislation. The House was trying
provide positions for graduate students interested in policy research. Policy
to override President Bush's
analysts work directly with staff economists to develop and write policy pa-
veto of the bill; it was unable to
pers and articles as well as conduct research on a variety of key issues.
do so, marking a victory for
Through these educational programs, we are setting a sturdy foundation
the 89 percent of Americans who
that will carry our work well into the next century and beyond.
oppose mandated benefits.
MEDIA OUTREACH
FINDING A RECEPTIVE AUDIENCE
deas publicized in the media are often at the cutting-edge of public pol-
icy change. With our media outreach program, CSE aims to identify me-
dia sources supportive of our ideas. Once identified, we educate these
journalists about key economic issues SO that they will use their influence
to contribute the voice of economic sense to the ongoing debate.
Through this process, we hope to reach those people in positions to effect
change, as well as those Americans concerned about the economy who may
not be finding proper expression of their views through regular channels.
CSE enhanced its media presence
dramatically during 1990. Seen
THE RESULTS TELL THE STORY
here is Director of Tax and Budget
Exposure in both broadcast and print media reached record levels for CSE
Policy J. Marc Wheat taping a
and CSE Foundation and our subsidiary organizations in 1990. Aggressive
satellite interview for broadcast on
media strategies have led to increased radio and television air-time. In fact,
affiliate stations across the nation.
such exposure is at an all-time high.
Exclusive placements of newspa-
per op-eds at the national level re-
mained strong in 1990, and mass op-
ed placements around the country
are sustaining impressive levels in
the print media.
Talk radio was effectively tar-
geted as an outlet for exposure on is-
sues such as "Tax Freedom Day," the
budget summit, parental leave, and
the textile bill. These campaigns
were highly successful: radio appear-
ances alone were up by 35 percent
over 1989.
When these mediums are added
together, the results tell the story:
Print coverage for CSE tripled in the
past year, and broadcast coverage has
more than quadrupled.
What that means is that we are
getting the message out-and we are
finding a receptive audience.
Perhaps the greatest achievement
of the media outreach program has
been in its consistency. Repeatedly,
22
we have placed stories around the country on a wide variety of
issues, both local and national in scope. Our audience now spans
both urban and rural markets and encompasses most of the
United States.
A RESOURCE FOR RELIABLE INFORMATION
Widespread distribution of the many materials produced at CSE
and CSE Foundation demonstrates that we have become a
trusted information source for the media. There is a notable in-
crease in the number of print reporters and broadcast journalists
coming to us for their background information. We regularly
supply interviews with staff members, policy papers, and a wide
array of literature for background material.
Through close working relationships with respected journal-
ists, the media outreach program has created a pipeline for anal-
yses and articles, as well as a reputation for being newsworthy
CSSL'S
and timely in news releases. The result is mass distribution and
a growing public and media awareness of our efforts. The media
looks to us not only as a responsible policy advocate, but as a val-
ued resource for reliable information.
ISSUE ADVERTISEMENTS: A CRITICAL NEW ELEMENT
Along with a leaner, more streamlined distribution system for print
publicity and a more aggressive broadcast program, the produc-
tion of radio and television advertising spots became a critical el-
ement of the 1990 media program. Issue advertisements were able
to enhance our efforts to influence policy and public opinion.
Early in the year, radio spots were produced and targeted at
states with key swing votes in the battle to give the president the
line-item veto. More recently, we turned to locally-aired radio
ads to express opposition to the budget agreement that came out of summit
Former CSE president Wayne
negotiations. Television and radio advertisements were also generated in sup-
Gable's symbolic presentation of
port of a ballot initiative in Oregon for educational choice in an effort to
a six-foot-long pencil to White
influence voters in that region.
House Counsel C. Boyden Gray at a
CSE and CSE Foundation are dynamic, growing organizations, and the
line-item veto press conference
media outreach program is charged with harnessing this energy and direct-
helped thrust the issue onto the
ing it in a timely fashion to the appropriate audience.
evening network news shows.
Please see pages 28-30 for a detailed listing of articles and publications.
23
PEACE, freedom, AND PROSPERITY
The future of our nation should be as strong as the foundation it rests upon.
As time has shown, the foundation of economic and political freedoms given
to US by the founding fathers is very sturdy indeed. Yet over recent years, it
is becoming more and more evident that we have not constructed an
entirely worthy structure on this foundation.
Our government expects US to stand idly by while it fritters away our hard-
earned dollars on dubious endeavors such as spending $500,000 in
taxpayer dollars to restore Lawrence Welk's boyhood home. Meanwhile, the
national debt skyrockets; again, we are expected to ignore this catastrophe.
Special interest groups hold Congress hostage, and all of Washington seems
to operate on a policy of "you-scratch-my-back, l'Il-scratch-yours."
Forgotten amidst all this squabbling and posturing are the people.
But to CSE and CSE Foundation, the people are the very reason for our exis-
tence: to ensure that the people are not forgotten. To ensure that govern-
ment does not stand in the way of the hopes and dreams of individual
citizens. Peace, freedom, and prosperity are goals common to all of us, and
we will continually strive to help achieve those goals.
24
FINANCIAL REPORT FOR 1990
WORKING TO REALIZE OUR POTENTIAL
ountless individuals, corporations and foundations across the na-
C
tion share in our commitment to build a brighter future. With
each day that passes, all of us at CSE, CSE Foundation, and our
affiliate organizations are reminded of how grateful we are for
this unwavering support.
We are especially pleased to report that in 1990, the generosity of our
supporters led us to achieve impressive financial results, as revenues in-
creased by 88 percent over 1989. The combined revenues of CSE, CSE
That revenues
Foundation, and our affiliates topped $8.2 million. This financial growth al-
lows us to expand our programs and more fully realize the potential of CSE
and CSE Foundation.
grew during an
That revenues grew during an economic slowdown reflects the strength of
economic slowdown
our message. Support from the grassroots membership-those individuals
who share the vision of a prosperous economy and creative free enterprise-
proves to be the foundation of our support, as they still provide the largest
reflects the strength
source of our funding.
Corporations and foundations continue to express enthusiasm for CSE and
of our message.
CSE Foundation and our message. In 1990, we added a dozen new corporate
members to a growing list that includes 18 Fortune 100 companies. Similarly,
CSE and CSE Foundation welcomed several new foundation supporters. We
have received considerable support towards the creation of our new state pro-
jects in New York and New Jersey.
Consistent with past years, we met our goal of keeping administrative and
fund-raising expenses significantly below the guidelines established by orga-
nizations that monitor fund-raising activities of non-profits.
CSE and CSE Foundation maintain their independence through a formal
separation of operations and activities. With distinct constitutional by-laws,
different boards of directors, and separate bank accounts and financial state-
ments, each is a separate entity. CSE Foundation is classified under section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and donations to it are tax-deductible.
CSE is a 501(c)(4) organization to which donations are not tax-deductible.
Financial statements audited by KPMG Peat Marwick are available upon
request. Financial information on the following pages is excerpted from the
audited financial statements.
25
STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES
For year ended December 31, 1990
CSE FOUNDATION
REVENUE
REVENUE
AMOUNT
General Membership
$ 123,453
Foundation Grants
1,368,425
Corporate Support
654,612
Interest & Other
168,564
Foundation
Corporate
Total Revenue
$ 2,315,054
Grants 59%
Support 28%
EXPENSES
Research & Education
$ 1,647,317
7%
Member Education
404,075
6%
Development
457,290
Interest
& Other
General Administrative
204,217
General
Membership
Total Expenses
$ 2,712,899
BALANCES
EXPENSES
As of December 31, 1990,
Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation
maintained the following balances:
Total Assets
$ 1,538,949
Member
Total Liabilities
746,213
Education
Research
15%
& Education
Fund Balance
$ 792,736
61%
Development
17%
7%
General
Administrative
26
STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES
For year ended December 31, 1990
CSE
REVENUE
REVENUE
AMOUNT
General Membership
$ 4,728,135
Corporate Support
450,530
General
Interest & Other
332,035
Membership
86%
Total Revenue
$ 5,510,700
EXPENSES
Research & Education
$ 1,774,941
Member Education
1,956,280
8%
Development
1,220,970
6%
General Administrative
89,896
Corporate
Interest
Support
& Other
Total Expenses
$ 5,042,087
BALANCES
As of December 31, 1990,
EXPENSES
Citizens for a Sound Economy
maintained the following balances:
Total Assets
Member
$ 1,264,668
Education
Total Liabilities
450,574
39%
Fund Balance
$ 814,094
Research
& Education
35%
Development
24%
General
Administrative
27
PUBLICATIONS
booklet
Retaliation Is Not The Answer To
ISSUES AND ANSWERS
Trade Problems
Wasting America's Money: Your Tax
by Angela Logomasini, No. 56
The U.S.-Canada Free Trade
Dollars At Work
Agreement: First Anniversary News
by Wayne Gable with Guy Lushin
Wrong Solution To The Budget
Summary
Impasse
by Angela Logomasini
POLICY PERSPECTIVES
by David Makarechian, No. 57
The 1991 Bush Budget And Deficit
Airline Competition: A Consumer
Why EC Dumping Should Not Derail
Reduction: Highlights And Analysis
Perspective
Sugar Program Reform
by David Makarechian
by Jerome Ellig, No. 27
by Michael Becker, No. 58
Implications Of A Value-Added Tax
Railroad Regulation And Consumer
Rethinking The Line-Item Veto
by Bryan Riley
Interests
by Bryan Riley, No. 59
The Child-Care Decision
by Michael Becker, Jerome Ellig &
ICC Review Could Stunt Investment In
by Trudy Pearce
Nancy Oliver, No. 28
Railroads
Endless Error: The Case For Lifting The
by Jerome Ellig, No. 60
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings And The
1991 Budget Process
Bell Restrictions
Hanging Up On The Cable Monopolies
by David Makarechian
by Phillip Mink & Michele Isele,
No. 29
by Michele Isele, No. 61
Tough Trade Policy: Shooting
Child-Care Proposals Hold
Ourselves In The Foot?
CAPITOL COMMENTS
Fundamental Flaws
by Nancy Oliver & Phillip Mink
by Trudy Pearce, No. 62
High Time To Cut Social Security Taxes
The Truth About Excise Taxes
by David Makarechian, No. 52
The Big Myth Of The Big Deal
by Virginia Stouffer & Bryan Riley
by David Makarechian & Bryan Riley,
Trade Talks Offer Chance For Textile
No. 63
Can The United States Improve Its
Reform
Foreign Direct Investment Policy
by Lee Coppock, No. 53
Sugar Program Gives Millions To Few
Without Discouraging Foreign
by Michael Becker, No. 64
Investors?
Price Fixing Bills Leave Consumers In
by Bryan Riley
A Fix
Peanut Program Costs Consumers
by Michele Isele, No. 54
More Than Peanuts
The Budget Summit Agreement:
by Michael Becker, No. 65
A Formula For Higher Taxing And
Corn Growers' Myths About The Sugar
Spending
Program
The Textile Bill And All Its Serious
by J. Marc Wheat
by Michael Becker, No. 55
Consequences
by Nancy Oliver, No. 66
"Soaking The Rich" Is All Wet
by J. Marc Wheat & Angela Stevens
Clean Air Bill May Devastate An
Already Weak Economy
by Angela Logomasini, No. 67
Beware The Reregulation Of America
by David J. Porter, No. 68
28
ARTICLES
GENERAL EDITORIALS
"Should Taxes Go Up? Take The
Budget Quiz And See"
"The New Year Could Bring Savings To
Consumers"
Chong Kim & David Makarechian
Lee Coppock
"Higher Taxes To Finance Pork-Barrel
Spending"
"Regulation Thwarts U.S.
Mark Bradford & David Makarechian
Competitiveness"
Nancy Oliver & B.R. McConnon
"Clean Air Bill: Will We Get Our
Money's Worth?"
"Child Care: A Parent's Choice"
Angela Logomasini
Trudy Pearce
"Moscow On The Potomac"
"Tax Cuts Are On The Table In 1990"
Michael Becker
David Makarechian
"The Big Green Steamroller"
"U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement
Dr. Jo Kwong
Promoting Opportunities"
Angela Logomasini
"Clean Air Politics: When Looking
Good Prevails Over Doing Good"
"The Budget Re-Run In Washington"
Angela Logomasini
Bryan Riley & David Makarechian
"The Christmas Tax"
"Mandated Parental Leave: A Burden
America Is Not Willing To Bear"
Bryan Riley
Trudy Pearce
"Averting A GATTastrophe"
"Airline Competition: The Numbers
Bryan Riley
Add Up To Success"
Jerome Ellig
STATE-TARGETED EDITORIALS
"To Brave The Storm Of The Textile
"Put The Brakes On Child-Care
Lobby"
Regulation"
Trudy Pearce
Lee Coppock
(VA)
"Congress Takes One Step Forward,
Two Steps Back"
"Regulators' 12-Year Itch"
B.R. McConnon
Virginia Stouffer
(MN, TX, TN, MO, UT)
"Pork Buster"
Bryan Riley
"Pork Buster"
Bryan Riley
"Celebrating Tax Freedom Day"
(MI, NY, VA, GA)
Bryan Riley
"Virginia's Taxpayers"
"It's Time For Some Serious
B.R. McConnon
Congressional Reform"
(VA)
Trudy Pearce
"Nothing Big And Green Could Come
"Frankly Scandalous"
Out of This"
Trudy Pearce
Dr. Jill Snowdon
"Summer of Discontent Over For Big
(CA)
Spenders"
David Makarechian
29
1990 EXCLUSIVE EDITORIALS
"Perverse Twist To Cooperation"
"A Breakthrough For Women?"
"First Amendment Fantasies"
The Fournal of Commerce
Nancy Oliver & Brad Larschan
"Sunny Prospects For A U.S.-Mexico
Telephony Magazine
Free Trade Agreement"
Michele Isele & Phillip Mink
"GOP Tax Targets-State By State"
The Wall Street Fournal
"The Sugar Program: It's Everything
"A Presidential Veto For Pork
Paul Merski
But Sweet"
Spending"
The Wall Street Fournal
"The Best Of Virginia Pork"
"No New Taxes?"
James C. Miller III
The Richmond Times-Dispatch
"Competition From Banks"
James Lamb & Chris Kelly
"Running The Government On
Gasoline"
The Richmond Times-Dispatch
"It's Time To Let The Baby Bells Grow
Michael Becker
Up"
"Pass The Airline Magazines, We're
Legal Times
Going To Be Here Awhile"
"Rostenkowski's Bogus Cuts"
Phillip Mink & Michele Isele
The Wall Street Fournal
"Tired Of Paying For Junk Mail"
James C. Miller III
"What The Budget Deal Costs You,
"The Unanswered Call For Lower
State By State"
"Postal Service Is Asking Lots More
Cable Bills"
The Wall Street Fournal
For Lots Less"
Paul Merski
San Diego Union
"Should Taxes Go Up? Take The
Jerome Ellig
Budget Quiz And See"
"Pull The Plug On The Budget Deal"
"Stop the Deficit Dodge"
The Wall Street Fournal
"The Textile Industry's Cry For
James C. Miller III
Protection"
Christian Science Monitor
David Makarechian & Bryan Riley
1990 THE ECONOMY & YOU
"Making Elderly Americans Pay"
"New Reform Would Hit The Old
Dominion Hard"
"Peace Dividend Is No Excuse To
"The Clean Air Act's Hidden
The Richmond Times-Dispatch
Raise Spending"
Price Tag"
Trudy Pearce
"It's Time To Change The Spending
"Congress' Fatal Attraction To Tough
Tradition"
Trade Policy"
"Budget Summits: The Pits For
Presidents"
The Wall Street Fournal
"A Bright Future For U.S.-Canada
James C. Miller III
Free Trade Agreement"
"Higher Taxes Open Way To Spending"
"Rearming For A Capital Gains
Tax Cut"
San Diego Union
Michael Becker & Bryan Riley
"Stirring Up A VAT Of Trouble"
"Foreign Influence: A Threat To
America"
"Don't Abandon Deficit Reduction"
"Social Insecurity"
"Pork Buster"
30
BOARDS
CSE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Mr. David H. Padden
Mr. Charles G. Koch
President
Chairman
Dr. James C. Miller III, Chairman
Padden and Co.
Koch Industries, Inc.
John M. Olin Distinguished Fellow
Chicago, IL
Wichita, KS
CSE Foundation
Washington, DC
Mr. Carl A. Pescosolido, Jr.
Dr. Robert Tollison
President
Director
Mr. Joseph E. Coberly, Jr.
Sequoia Enterprises
Center for Study of Public Choice
Rancho Santa Fe, CA
Exeter, CA
George Mason University
Mr. Jim Cowen
Fairfax, VA
Mr. John Pittenger
President
Director
Dr. Walter Williams
Commerce & Industry Association
Monitor Company
John M. Olin Professor of Economics
of New Jersey
Cambridge, MA
George Mason University
Paramus, NJ
Fairfax, VA
Mr. Richard J. Stephenson
Dr. Richard H. Fink
Chairman
Vice President, Government
American International Hospital
WASHINGTON ADVISORY
& Public Affairs
BOARD
Zion, IL
Koch Industries, Inc.
Mr. Randolf H. Aires
Washington, DC
Mr. Dirk Van Dongen
Vice President, Governmental Affairs
President
Mr. Carl T. Holst-Knudsen
National Association of
Sears, Roebuck & Company
President
Wholesaler-Distributors
Mr. Peter J. Connell
Thomas Publishing Company
Washington, DC
Vice President
New York, NY
Mr. James Van Meter
& Washington Counsel
Mr. J.P. Humphreys
Executive Vice President
Aetna Life & Casualty Company
President
& Chief Financial Officer
Mr. C. T. Howlett, Jr.
Tamko Asphalt Products Company
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Vice President, Government Affairs
Joplin, MO
Atlanta, GA
Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Mr. Samuel H. Husbands, Jr.
Mr. William Vandersteel
Mr. John R. Nelson
Vice President
President
Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc.
Vice President, Corporate Affairs
Tubexpress Systems, Inc.
San Francisco, CA
Philip Morris USA
North Bergen, NJ
Mr. F. Kenneth Iverson
Mr. Phillips S. Peter
Chairman
Vice President,
CSE FOUNDATION BOARD
Nucor Corporation
OF DIRECTORS
Corporate Government Relations
Charlotte, NC
General Electric Company
Mr. David H. Koch, Chairman
Mr. Woodruff M. Price
Mr. Charles G. Koch
Executive Vice President
Chairman
Koch Industries, Inc.
Vice President, Government Relations
Koch Industries, Inc.
New York, NY
CSX Corporation
Wichita, KS
Dr. Richard H. Fink
Mr. Robert H. Scheerschmidt
Mr. David H. Koch
Vice President, Government
Vice President, Government Affairs
Executive Vice President
& Public Affairs
Xerox Corporation
Koch Industries, Inc.
Koch Industries, Inc.
Mr. Thomas L. Wylie
New York, NY
Washington, DC
Vice President, Government Relations
Mr. William L. Law
Mr. J.P. Humphreys
Sun Company, Inc.
President
President
Cudahy Tanning Company
Tamko Asphalt Products Company
Cudahy, WI
Joplin, MO
31
CSE STAFF
William Ahern
Stephen Gold
Daniel Murphy
Director of Public Information,
Executive Director,
Director of Publications
Tax Foundation
Citizens For the Environment
N. Sedef Onder
Michael Becker
Beth Hammans
Director of Media Relations
Senior Energy Analyst
Policy Assistant, State Projects
Trudy Pearce
Paul Beckner
Julie Hart
Policy Analyst
President
Operations Assistant
Leslie Pietrzyk
David Beers
Cheryl Hillen
Staff Writer
Policy Analyst
Field Operations Coordinator
Jennifer Pilcher
Leigh Bennett
Michael Hinds
Development Assistant
Media Relations Assistant
Director of Field Operations
Deborah Polster
Mary Ann Best
Michele Isele
Executive Assistant
Director of Development
Associate General Counsel,
CSE Legal Alliance
Dixie Reding
Ronald Bunn
Development Coordinator
Director of Corporate Relations,
Dana Joel
Tax Foundation
State Projects Research Analyst
Gary Richardson
Policy Analyst
Holeeta Cain
Charles Knight
Corporate Development Assistant,
Membership Services Assistant
Jeanine Richardson
Tax Foundation
Policy Assistant
Deborah Kramer
Margaret Carter
Business Manager
Bryan Riley
Operations Coordinator
Director of Trade Policy
Gregory Leong
Michelle Cline
Research Associate, Tax Foundation
Chris Saunders
Administrative Coordinator,
Policy Analyst
Tax Foundation
Angela Logomasini
Policy Analyst, Citizens For the
Steve Slattery
Michele Davis
Environment
Development Writer
Policy Analyst
Brian Lopina
John Sporing
E. Henry Doggett III
Director of Government Relations
Policy Analyst
Director of Virginia CSE
Anna McCollister
Andrea Tyminski
James Dornan III
Office Assistant
Policy Assistant, Citizens For the
Director of Public Policy
Environment
Christopher Ullman
Jerome R. Ellig
Paul G. Merski
Media Relations Coordinator
Consultant
Director of Fiscal Affairs, Tax
J. Marc Wheat
Foundation
Tara Fedo
Director of Tax & Budget Policy
Membership Coordinator
James C. Miller III
Daniel Witt
John M. Olin Distinguished Fellow
Gretchen Georgiadis
Executive Director, Tax Foundation
Chairman, CSE
Program Assistant, Tax Foundation
Vice President & CFO, CSE
Co-Chairman, Tax Foundation
Mike Giberson
Phillip Mink
Policy Analyst
General Counsel, CSE Legal Alliance
Michael Monroney
Senior Advisor
32
INTERNS
WINTER 1990
SUMMER 1990
FALL 1990
Christine Clinton
Mark D. Bradford
John Consugar
Mount Holyoke College
University of California at Berkeley
Lebanon Valley College
Jill Fisher
Susan Curry
Eric Goldberg
Mount Holyoke College
University of Massachussetts
Ripon College
Mary Alice Taliak
Juliana Ivescu
Robyn Goldstein
Mount Holyoke College
University of Chicago
Emory University
Christopher Kelly
John Pisano
Villanova University
Marymount University
Chong H. Kim
Angela Stevens
Yale University
Baylor University
Alexander Maskovitz
Jennifer Waterbury
Williams College
Hood College
Molly Moy
Oregon State University
Danielle Kerrin Paul
University of Maryland
Design by Meadows & Wiser,
Washington, D.C.
Printing by Wolk Press, Inc.,
Woodlawn, Maryland
CITIZENS FOR A SOUND ECONOMY
470 L'Enfant Plaza, Southwest
Suite 7112
Washington, DC 20024
(202) 488-8200
BEAUMONT ENTERPRISE
BEAUMONT, TX
DAILY
68,758
SATURDAY
AUG 17 1991
41
BURRELLE'S
GI
abk
EDITORIALS
Silsbee recycles;
Officer didn't think
E4209
B
ouquets go this week to:
Silsbee City Council,
which has joined several other
Bouquets and
Southeast Texas communities
in the movement toward curb-
Brickbats
side recycling.
City officials recently award-
ed a contract to a Beaumont
waste management firm to be-
EDITORIAL
gin picking up recyclable ma-
by, which has blown the whis-
terials from residents' homes.
tle once more on government
The firm will pick up glass,
waste.
plastic, aluminum and newspa-
CSE has become a renowned
pers for recycling.
watchdog organization. Its lat-
The aim is to reduce garbage
est target is Congress, which is
taken to local landfills.
trying to appropriate a number
One by one, communities are
of pork-barrel projects.
climbing aboard the recycling
They include: $150,000 to in-
bandwagon.
terpret the Hatfield-McCoy
Congratulations are due the
feud in Matewan, W.Va.;
Silsbee City Council.
$320,000 to purchase President
The Texas Legislature,
McKinley's mother-in-law's
which has honored the memo-
house; $2 million to develop
ry of a former Southeast Texas
and stimulate sales of Hawai-
newspaper publisher with a
ian handicrafts; $37,000 to
formal expression of condo-
study handling of manure.
lences.
CSE brought these spending
The resolution was for the
programs to light while prais-
family of Fred Hartman, for-
ing the efforts of lawmakers
mer publisher of the Baytown
seeking to end the practice of
Sun, who died July 27 at the
pork-barrel spending.
age of 83.
As worthwhile as it is for
Hartman, who also served on
groups such as CSE to contin-
the Lamar University Board of
Regents, founded Southern
ue dogging government, it re-
mains a frustration that Con-
Newspapers Inc., which at one
time owned the Beaumont En-
gress continues to send
terprise.
wasteful spending measures to
the White House - and the
Fred Hartman was a giant in
Texas newspaper publishing
president keeps signing them
into law.
who dedicated a large part of
his life to public service. In ad-
Still, Citizens for a Sound
dition to his stint as a Lamar
Economy deserves a pat on the
regent, Hartman served on the
back - as do other watchdog
Texas Air Control Board and
groups - for trying to keep us
was chairman of the Harris
all informed about some of the
County District Board.
ways the government is spend-
The Legislature honored a
ing our money.
fine citizen.
Teachers throughout
And a brickbat goes this
Southeast Texas, who next
week to:
week open their doors to re-
San Mateo County (Calif.)
turning students for the 1991-92
lawmen, for issuing a traffic
school year.
ticket to a driver in obvious
Where did the summer go?
distress.
It was a quick three months,
John Hall, of Pacifica, Calif..
made even quicker by the ear-
had just driven his pregnant
lier-than-before start of the
wife and 2-year-old son to the
school year. The Legislature
hospital. His wife, Debra, had
mandated five extra days of
gone into labor. His son, who
class beginning this year.
was recovering from surgery.
So, it is time once again to
stopped breathing en route to
salute the teachers who will
the hospital. Debra Hall had to
educate our children, to help
administer CPR to the boy be-
through another school year.
tween labor contractions.
It also is time to wish good
Then the family arrived at
luck to the students as they
the hospital, delivered a
tackle the challenges before
pound baby girl in the car out-
them.
side the emergency room
You all, teachers and stu-
only to have a police officer
dents, deserve our very best
who had followed them at high
wishes.
speed make another delivery
Citizens for a Sound Econ-
of his own, a traffic ticket.
omy, a Washington-based lob-
Go figure.
Nation
A Catfish That Oinks
and other tales of how Congress wastes money on pork-barrel projects
By HAYS GOREY WASHINGTON
S always, there were
The Bicycle Bonanza
A
howls of outrage in Con-
SPONSOR: Congressman
gress last week when the
Martin Sabo,
Pentagon unveiled the list of mil-
Democrat of Minnesota
itary bases it wants to phase out
or scale down in order to save
COST: $1 MILLION
$850 million. Angry lawmakers
protested that the closings would
Sabo wants to know why more people
cause irreparable economic
don't ride bicycles to work. The appropria-
harm to their districts and vowed
tion he sponsored will fund a Department
to thwart them. But since none of
of Transportation study of the nonrider-
the bases is considered essential
ship problem. That investigation might dis-
to national defense, they fall into
cover that traffic lanes specifically desig-
the category of pork: dubious
nated for bicycles, more courtesy from
spending programs that Con-
motorists, an increased number of theft-
gressmen support to curry favor
proof places to park bicycles, and promo-
with the folks back home.
tional campaigns pointing out the environ-
Not all pork, however, comes wrapped in
mental and health benefits could
a khaki uniform. The federal budget is larded
Feeding the Fish
encourage the use of two-wheelers. Sabo
with highly questionable nonmilitary proj-
doesn't ride a bicycle. But his two daugh-
ects that receive lavish funding while more
SPONSOR: Senator Dale Bumpers,
ters, who do, probably could tell him as
urgent national needs like fighting infant
Democrat of Arkansas
much as a high-priced DOT study.
mortality and improving education are
strapped for cash. None of the individual
COST:
$2.7 MILLION
programs is large enough to worsen the $318
billion deficit significantly. But lumped to-
Bumpers' staff explains that the Sena-
gether, the plethora of porcine projects adds
tor has a deep interest in aquaculture. The
huge sums to federal outlays. Freshman Re-
money is to be used for construction and
publican Senator Bob Smith of New Hamp-
renovations at the catfish farm in Stutt-
shire has been combing the budget for exam-
gart, Ark. Why should the Federal Govern-
ples of nondefense pork, specifically projects
ment dole out funds to an industry that is
that were never voted or debated but some-
already flourishing because of the surge in
how were slipped into appropriations bills.
interest in simple down-home cooking?
Among the squealers he has unearthed:
Because Bumpers, who has been in the
Senate since 1974, is likely to run for an-
other term in 1994.
The Subway Steal
SPONSOR: Unknown
COST: $6 MILLION
Why the sparkling underground rail-
way that ferries Senators back and forth
between their offices and the Capitol
should be converted into a nonstop peo-
ple mover remains a mystery. Built in
1912, the subway was completely refur-
bished in 1958; the current plan is to
create a "loop" of cars that run slowly
but continuously so people can step on
and off. But the old system is in no evi-
dent need of repair. Perhaps that is why
no Senator will admit sponsoring this ex-
penditure, which was added to the appro-
priation bill of the Senate Appropriations
Committee's legislative-branch subcom-
mittee at a session during which no re-
corded vote of the members was taken.
30
Michael Witte for TIME
that part of the world." A noble purpose,
but why was the appropriation tucked into
Mom-in-Law's House
a spending bill titled "Procurement for the
United States Navy"? Solarz's explana-
SPONSOR: Congressman
tion: he considers the new building to be a
Ralph Regula,
monument to the American G.I.s who per-
Republican of Ohio
ished in the World War II battle of
Guadalcanal.
COST:
$320,000
Though Ohio has many memorials to
Burnishing Biscayne
William McKinley, Regula says the pur-
chase of the 25th President's wife's par-
SPONSOR: Congresswoman
ents' home is justified because the house
lleana Ros-Lehtinen,
McKinley was born in has been destroyed.
Republican of Florida
After all, he did reside there for a few
years, and maintaining it will not cost the
COST: $1.36 MILLION
government a penny because the house
will be turned over to private groups that
The money will pay for "preliminary
will finish restoring it. Regula says it is
engineering" on a project to turn Miami's
merely a coincidence that he graduated
Biscayne Boulevard into "an exotic garden
from a law school named after-you
for people to enjoy the richness of city
guessed it-William McKinley.
life," with 90-ft.-wide medians sculpted
with tropical plants, broad sidewalks and
miles of brick walkways. Why Miami
The Gym Grab
doesn't raise the funds locally was not
explained.
SPONSOR: Unknown
COST:
$25,000
The money will pay for a study to
determine where a new workout facility
The Tree Caper
for congressional staff members should
SPONSOR: Congressman
be located. They are not eligible to use
Neal Smith,
the lawmakers' lavishly equipped private
Democrat of Iowa
gym. Like the Senate subway bill, this ex-
penditure was approved in a session of
COST: $15 MILLION
the legislative subcommittee of the
House Appropriations Committee, with
Planting trees is a good idea, since they
no recorded vote. Weeks of efforts to dis-
not only are beautiful but also can help ward
cover the identity of the sponsor have
off global warming by draining carbon diox-
been fruitless. It may be a Congressman
ide from the atmosphere. But why should the
whose staff members are out of shape.
Federal Government spend $15 million
How much the gym itself will cost has yet
(plus $30 million annually over the next three
to be determined.
years) to plant 50,000 trees on land owned by
local governments, an expense that seems
more appropriate for state and local gov-
ernments? That question baffles Neal
Smith. "Are you for tree planting or not?"
he asks, with some exasperation. "This pro-
Polishing the Apple
ject is in everyone's interest. Grants go to all
the states, not just Iowa. It's a conservation
SPONSOR: Congressman
and beautification program that is very
Bob Traxler,
much worthwhile. I always thought 'pork'
Democrat of Michigan
was what went to somebody else's district."
COST:
$94,000
Solomonic Spending
As a veteran member of the Appropri-
ations and Agriculture committees, Trax-
SPONSOR: Congressman
ler has a reputation for bringing home the
Stephen Solarz,
bacon. A case in point: this appropriation,
Democrat of New York
which will fund research on methods of
cutting losses in the handling and shipping
COST: $5 MILLION
of apples, thus benefiting consumers to
whom such losses are passed along.
The money is for a new building to re-
Though no apples are grown in Traxler's
place the 50-year-old Quonset hut in which
district, Michigan's apple crop ranks third
the Parliament of the Solomon Islands has
among the states and earns about $75 mil-
been meeting. Solarz says the building will
lion annually. Says Traxler: "I'm proud of
give "tangible support for democracy in
the program."
TIME, APRIL 22, 1991
31
Fire Engines Red
pen
tic pen can dispense
ANY TOWNS and cities
correction
fluid
Eastman Kodak
M
that broke with tradition
"whether you have a hump on it
Heart Bypass
and colored their fire en-
or not," Mr. Seaman says
gines yellow are returning to
James Banks, general man-
Puts the Focus
By RON WINSLOW
ager of International Rotex, says
red.
Staff Reporter of THE WALL. STREET JOURNAL
Scott Krueger, marketing man-
his company sells far fewer cor-
Two new studies found that open-heart
ager at Pierce Manufacturing,
rection pens than bottle-and-brush
On Leo Thomas
patients were up to four times as likely to
Appleton, Wis., says 75% of fire
combinations, because pens do a
die at certain hospitals and under the care
trucks are ordered entirely or
poor job of correcting errors on
of certain surgeons.
partly red, up from 60% a decade
paper that's still in a typewriter.
By JOAN E. RIGDON
The studies challenge some widely held
ago. James Schwaller, sales vice
Joseph Coletti, a Gillette prod-
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
assumptions that such factors as the num-
president for Emergency One, a
uct manager, responds that the
Leo J. Thomas has the daunting task of
ber of tests done on patients or the number
subsidiary of Federal Signal and
pen has drawn "a lot of good
streamllning Eastman Kodak Co.'s sprawl-
of procedures a doctor performs clearly af
a maker of fire trucks, says,
compliments" and that the belly
ing Imaging business. And If he succeeds,
fect results. And they raise tough questions
"Studies show that lime yellow
shape gives users the control they
he could emerge as the company's next
over how best to use such information to
need to make in-typewriter fixes.
chief executive.
Improve the quality of health care.
probably has more visibility than
Mr. Thomas Monday was named presi-
Both reports are from collaborative
dent of the newly created imaging division,
groups of doctors comparing their own re-
which encompasses both electronic and
This Isn't the First Time Congress
sults In an effort to learn reasons for dif
traditional photography. He says he has
ferences In outcomes and Improve care.
"the opportunity to break a couple of
One group Includes all 18 heart surgeons
Has Done Something a Bit Feudal
dishes" when he takes his post Sept. 1.
performing coronary bypass operations in
His chief challenge: casting off ailing
Malne, New Hampshire and Vermont. The
electronics businesses that have siphoned
other is from five teaching hospitals in
McKinley's mother-In-law; $1.7 million on
off profits. While
Philadelphia.
By RAJU NARISETTI
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
a preliminary survey for converting Bis-
Mr. Thomas, who
wall Street
"What we see Is neither alarming to us
Congress is known for Its pork-barrel
cayne Boulevard In downtown Miami Into
currently heads Ko-
nor cause for action [against any pro-
"an exotic garden for people to enjoy the
dak's health group,
Journal
schemes, but critics say this time it has
vlder says Gerald T. O'Connor, an epi
really gone whole hog.
richness of city life
says it Is too early to
demiologist at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medi-
That's because there's $150,000 In the
The listing of the feud study as a pork-
tell what will go, an-
cal Center, Hanover, N.H., and principal
current federal budget to study the legend-
barrel scheme has brought squeals of pro-
alysts expect that he
author of one of the reports. "In the varia-
larket place
test from the National Park Service, which
will sell the troubled
ary feud between William "Devil Anse
bility, there is opportunity to improve out-
Hatfield and Randolph McCoy.
manages the project and whose activities
Atex pre-press sys-
come. That's why people voluntarily do
Section,
pyBl
are supervised by a House subcommittee
tems and Data
The feud, which began In 1878-over an
it," he says.
alleged theft of a pig-claimed 12 lives be-
that includes Rep. Rahall. "It sounds silly
Tape, a magnetic
But a growing number of government
8/14/91
fore ending at the Supreme Court in 1889.
but it is not something to be ridiculed at
data recorder busi-
agencies and corporate purchasers of
The project alms to document the social
all," says project planner Michael Crea-
ness. Once that's
health care are eager to use the same kind
and economic contexts of the feud, minl-
sey. "The focus is really on community de-
done, he must In-
of Information either for ferreting out sub-
velopment.'
crease Kodak's tra-
mizing the trigger-happy, hillbilly reputa-
Leo J. Thomas
standard doctors or for choosing high-qual-
tion that has since stuck to Matewan (pop.
In addition to financing feud research,
ditional photography
the money will augment locally funded Inl-
business and those electronics businesses
Ity providers.
800), now In the constituency of West Vir-
that can make photo-quality Images.
"If I lived In northern New England, I'd
ginla Democratic Rep. Nick J. Rahall II,
tlatives for flood protection and town revl-
Kodak's announcement this week that
want to know which hospital was which
an ardent supporter of the scheme.
talization, a weekly newspaper and a
greenway to link hiking tralls with recrea-
Mr. Thomas's new group would combine
and which surgeon was which," says Ed
The program has earned the Ire of a
tional and historic areas. "It Is about a
the company's former photography and In-
ward L. Hannan, consultant with the New
large coalition of taxpayer groups and con-
formation systems units puts the executive
York State Department of Health and au
gressmen that calls itself, appropriately
community working with its history In a
enough, Porkbusters. "The Hatfield McCoy
positive way," says Paul McAllister, direc-
in what many consider the No. 2 spot. Re-
thor of a similar study that included a pub
program is one of the silliest, Junky little
tor of the nonprofit Matewan Development
porting to him now are two executives who
llc ranking of 28 hospitals by death
programs that the Congress could siphon
Center. "We are not asking the govern-
formerly reported directly to Chief Execu-
rates.
tive Kay Whitmore. The 58-year-old Mr.
Both studies, which appear in today's
taxpayer's money into," says J. Marc
ment to buy the town."
Maybe so, but not everyone Is con-
Whitmore hasn't yet named a president,
Journal of the American Medical Associa-
Wheat of Citizens for a Sound Economy.
Among the coalition's long list of pork-
vinced it Isn't pork-barrel politics. "It's
fueling speculation that Mr. Thomas, 54,
tion, include rankings of hospitals and sur-
Ironic," says Mr. Wheat. "that the Hat-
could be named to that post.
geons, though none is Identified by name.
barrel programs: $11 million to renovate
locomotives in Scranton, Pa; $320,000 to
field McCoy feud started over a pig and
Analysts and Kodak watchers say Mr.
Dr. O'Connor fears that focusing a spot-
purchase the house of President William
ended up as pork."
Please Turn to Page B3, Column 2
light on Individual providers will discour
CHATTANOOGA
NEWS-FREE PRESS
CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
D. 54,528
TN-14
AUG 10 1991
BURRELLE'S
A New Feud?
It's an old story of American folk-
$37,000 to study the "handling of
ore about the "bad blood" that devel-
animal manure and the development
ped between the Hatfield and McCoy
of resolution techniques to address
amilies in West Virginia, leading to a
conflicts between producers and the
egendary feud.
general public."
That was tough on the Hatfields
There are lots more.
nd the McCoys. It may be hard on
Now, surely there are plausible ex-
ou, too. How do you feel about spend-
planations for some such things. Some
ng $150,000 of your tax money for a
good is perceived by someone. But are
project in Matewan, W. Va., to "inter-
they high-priority items that deserve
ret" the feud?
hundreds of thousands of tax dollars in
That's just one of countless exam-
a time of recession when taxes are
les of "pork barrel" politics involved
high and deficits are out of control?
n: excessive federal spending bills.
If all such projects were put before
-An organization called Citizens for
the entire House of Representatives
Sound Economy is publicizing the ef-
and Senate in open sessions and on an
Jrts of Sen. Robert Smith, R-N.H.;
individual basis, few of them would be
tep. Harris Fawell, R-Ill., and Rep.
adopted. But they get approved be-
'imothy Penny, D-N.M., to try to cut
cause many influential lawmakers
ome of the waste.
tuck their projects for the home folks
These things are along the line of
inside long and complicated bills on
he money that was provided with no
much larger matters and the whole
dvance notice for a shrine to band-
package slides through.
eader Lawrence Welk - but was
There are many "good things" that
liminated when it got some national
the people might prefer not to pay for.
ublicity.
Just think how different our na-
In addition to the Hatfield-McCoy
tional finances would be if each spend-
eud money, here are some examples
ing item had to be individually voted
ne economizers are suggesting be
on in the open - with the tax levy to
liminated:
pay for it attached!
$320,000 to purchase the house of
Unfortunately, that's not about to
resident William McKinley's mother-
happen. Unfortunately, the excessive
n-law.
spending will continue. But it is en-
$37,000 to research apple quality
couraging that there are a few who are
1 Michigan.
trying to do what they can to cut down
$2 million to develop and stimu-
the "pork barrel" spending that victim-
ate sales of Hawaiian handicrafts.
izes us all unnecessarily.
Cut spending? Forget it.
Pork is stlll the main dlet on Capitol Hill
Pig Tales for
Taxpayers
By RALPH KINNEY BENNETT
"D
IRE EMERGENCY!" Rep. Dan
stumbled on Section 203, some-
Burton (R., Ind.) mused on
thing to do with the Philadelphia
the title of the legislation he
Naval Shipyard. To experienced
had just received. It was March 6,
pork hunters, specific geographic
1991, and the "dire emergency"
locations in a big spending bill are
supplemental appropriations bill to
warning signals. Schaffner began
cover nonmilitary costs of the Gulf
making inquiries and soon found
War was moving through a House
that Section 203 was a real choice
eager to conclude its business and
cut-a $1.2-billion loin of pork for
begin an Easter recess in two
Pennsylvania. It specified that
weeks.
money sought by the Defense
The words "dire emergency"
Department for repairs to the air-
conjured images of some last-
craft carrier USS John F. Kennedy
chance, patriotic effort to respond
be spent on a "service life exten-
to an urgent need. Burton smiled to
sion program" (SLEP)-a virtual
himself. It was precisely the kind of
gutting and rebuilding of the car-
verbal camouflage Congress uses to
rier-at the Philadelphia Naval
cover up a spending binge.
Shipyard.
Choice Cut. "I smell pork in this
The Pentagon did not want the
bill," Burton told his staff. "It's ripe
expensive SLEP but a normal over-
for people slipping things in at the
haul of the Kennedy for an estimat-
last minute. Let's comb through it
ed $500 million. What's more, it
and see what's in there."
wanted to close the obsolete Phila-
Plowing through the bill's verbal
delphia yard. But Rep. John P.
underbrush, staffer Jeff Schaffner
Murtha (D., Pa.), the powerful
121
READER'S DIGEST
September
chairman of the House Appropria-
N.J.) sang the praises of previously
tions defense subcommittee, had
SLEPed carriers in the Gulf War.
accommodated his Pennsylvania
Last-Ditch Effort. After the de-
colleagues by slipping the SLEP
bate, however, the Senate voted 56
into the bill. The project had never
to 44 to knock out Section 203
been voted upon or even discussed
before passing its version of the
in open session.
bill. Coats left the floor, having
It was one of the most flagrant
won a $700-million victory for the
pork ploys Burton could remem-
taxpayer.
ber. He went to the floor on March
Yet he knew that the Senate bill
7, determined to knock Section 203
would have to be reconciled in
out of the bill. But Congressional
conference with the House ver-
pork barrelers always outnumber
sion. He was aware of the favor
those who defend the general inter-
trading and flouted rules that
ests of the taxpayer. Burton's at-
characterize such down-to-the-
tempt was resoundingly beaten 315
wire meetings of the two appropri-
to 105.
ations committees.
The fight was not over. Another
The next day, House and Senate
Hoosier legislator, Sen. Dan Coats
conferees went into marathon ses-
(R., Ind.), also pork hunting in the
sion. Sometime that evening, as
Senate version of the bill, had de-
they met in secret, the SLEP was
termined on his own to fight the
quietly restored. "It wasn't the first
SLEP issue. On March 20, two days
time a public victory got lost in
before the Easter recess, Coats
private," said Coats.
walked into the chamber armed
The next morning, copies of the
with a one-page amendment to
bill were produced minutes before
strike Section 203 from the bill. "I
a vote on the $5.4-billion measure.
commend my colleagues from
Representative Burton rose in a
Pennsylvania for their clever draft-
last-ditch effort to preserve what
ing of this language," he said wryly.
Coats had earlier achieved. De-
"But the Navy would be forced to
scribing the SLEP as "pure unadul-
spend money in a way they do not
terated pork" pushed as an ad-hoc
want to spend it, and in a place they
jobs program, Burton sought to
do not want it spent."
have the SLEP removed. He might
Outraged, Sen. Arlen Specter
as well have been standing in front
(R., Pa.) and pro-SLEP Senators
of an avalanche. His attempt was
from adjoining states rushed to the
defeated 295 to 9I by legislators
floor. Specter recalled the past
anxious to head home. On June 30,
achievements of the Philadelphia
a special commission on base clos-
yard. Sen. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (D.,
ing recommended shutting down
Del.) invoked "national security."
the Philadelphia shipyard, but the
Sen. Frank R. Lautenberg (D.,
Navy will be forced to complete the
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600/900
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9648 894 OF
8T:90
T6/CT/80
1991
PIG TALES FOR TAXPAYERS
SLEP of the Kennedy at the yard, as
before one another's committees
ordered by Congress.
seeking pork, an extravagant ritual
Difficult to Digest. For Sen.
courtesy marks the occasion.
Robert C. Smith (R., N.H.), anoth-
"Doug, we have helped you in the
er serious pork fighter, the dire-
past," says Transportation Sub-
emergency vote confirmed that all
committee Chairman William
the talk of "bare bones" budgeting
Lehman (D., Fla.) to Rep. Doug
is just that: talk. Working with
Bereuter (R., Neb.), who is seeking
Rep. Harris W. Fawell (R., Ill.) and
$3.6 million in special highway
a small group of other legislators,
funds. "We want you to help us
Smith has been trying to rescind the
when [the full appropriations bill]
more flagrant pork projects in the
comes to the floor."
1991 budget and shoot down those
Legislators who don't cooperate
emerging in 1992. Unless they suc-
suffer the consequences. When
ceed, taxpayers will be paying for
Sen. Quentin N. Burdick (D.,
hundreds of projects like these:
N.D.), agriculture appropriations
a $94,000 study of "apple qual-
subcommittee chairman and un-
ity" by Michigan State University,
abashed pork barreler, earmarked
sponsored by Rep. Bob Traxler (D.,
$500,000 to build a museum at the
Mich.).
birthplace of band leader Lawrence
$I million to determine why
Welk, taxpayers across the country
people don't use bicycles or walk-
expressed outrage. Rep. Jim Slat-
ing "as a means of transportation"
tery (D., Kan.) promised his con-
more often, the brainchild of Rep.
stituents he would try to overturn
Martin Olav Sabo (D., Minn.).
the Welk grant.
$37,000 to develop "compre-
Not long before the House was
hensive management technologies"
to vote on Slattery's amendment, a
for the handling of animal manure,
Burdick committee staffer tele-
engineered by Rep. David E. Bon-
phoned a dean of Kansas State
ior (D., Mich.).
University (in Slattery's district)
The list goes on and on: $1.2
and implied that a sought-after
million for "Hawaiian homeland
$5.3-million grant might have trou-
infrastructure development"; $3
ble getting past Burdick. Then Rep.
million for "neighborhood eco-
Byron L. Dorgan (D., N.D.)
nomic improvement" in New Or-
warned that other pork bound for
leans; $2.9 million to find new uses
Kansas could be detoured.
for wood; $80,000 to determine if
The Welk grant had received so
floss from milkweed pods could
much national ridicule that Slattery
replace goose down in bedding.
succeeded in having it rescinded,
Piggyback Express. Reform is
but the whole exercise was a re-
difficult; it is much easier to play
minder that the pork game is
the game. When Congressmen go
played hard and fast. "I have no
123
600/900
AFFR.
READER'S DIGEST
September
doubt my district will take a hit
Republicans onto the committee
somewhere down the line," says
with the warning: "If you rock the
Slattery. "I'm sure some committee
boat or support a line-item veto, we
staffer is waiting to bushwhack
have a special chute that goes down
me."
to the Potomac." It was Byrd's
Cooked to Order. Many a college
version of the Porkland law: "Go
alumnus has dreamed of being able
along to get along."
to make a big donation to the old
One of Byrd's favorite vehicles
alma mater. Congressional pork-
for porcine innovation is the De-
sters get to do so often and with
partment of the Interior, whose
taxpayer funds. The same late-
vast stewardship includes public
night, closed-door session that put
lands, historical sites and national
the Kennedy-carrier SLEP back
parks. Byrd chairs the Interior sub-
into the dire-emergency bill also
committee of the full appropria-
produced $8 million for a new
tions committee.
building at Chicago's Loyola Uni-
When U.S. Fish and Wildlife
versity. One of the school's most
officials found they needed a new
prominent alumni, Chairman Dan
home for a small fisheries training
Rostenkowski (D., Ill.) of the
center near Harpers Ferry, W.Va.,
House Ways and Means Commit-
the Senator went into full pork
tee, had the bequest dropped into
alert. The eventual result was a
the Pentagon budget in the Gulf
plan for a grandiose training acade-
War funding bill.
my cum "wildlife habitat," a kind
However, Loyola officials were
of combination Sea World, Disney-
troubled at taking dollars ear-
land and FBI Academy, which
marked for defense. No problem.
would be a "major tourist attrac-
During the House-Senate confer-
tion." According to a Fish and
ence, Rostenkowski somehow had
Wildlife official, some engineers
the Pentagon money transferred
now say the plan could cost over
to the Education Department
$200 million.
budget. "We're very proud of
National Pork Service. Thanks
him as an alum," says a university
to Byrd and other West Virginia
official.
legislators, the state is studded with
A legislator who is justly feared
obscure national parks and soon-to-
is Sen. Robert C. Byrd (D., W.Va.),
be historic sites. Shouldn't Bram-
chairman of the Senate Appro-
well be a historic site? Set aside
priations Committee and the ac-
$150,000 for a "study" on the mat-
knowledged "prince of pork." Says
ter. One of Bramwell's claims to
Newsweek correspondent Eleanor
historic status: site of the third
Clift, "Cross him and you pay;
drugstore in the United States to
praise him and you play." Earlier
sell the perfume Chanel No. 5.
this year, Byrd welcomed two new
How about Wheeling as a "na-
124
600/200
HELP ENVIR AFFR.
9648 894 4115
05:20
08/15/91
1991
PIG TALES FOR TAXPAYERS
tional heritage area"? Dole out
ther deterioration at the expense
$325,000 to look into it. What was
of" these new parks.
that Hatfield/McCoy feud about,
Pet Catfish. The pork mentality
anyway? Shovel $150,000 to some-
has profoundly changed the way
one to "interpret" the feud. While
government does business. A for-
you're at it, designate $310,000 for a
mer veteran Senate staffer says,
local hiking-trail group. And give
"Congress is no longer a legislative
the owner of that "historical" Hun-
body. It has become a bureaucracy
tington movie house $4.5 million
and a micromanager, using its
to transform it into a multiscreen
power to rearrange things at the
theater.
lowest levels."
Other legislators on both sides of
A celebrated example is the fed-
the Hill follow Byrd's well-worn
eral catfish laboratory at Stuttgart,
path to the pork barrel. Representa-
Ark. Private catfish aquaculture is
tive Murtha got $13 million to cre-
profitable and thriving all over the
ate a chain of "industrial heritage"
United States, and catfish has be-
parks at old manufacturing sites in
come a popular food without gov-
Pennsylvania. Sen. Daniel K. Aka-
ernment help. Every year the
ka (D., Hawaii) got $2 million to
House Merchant Marine and Fish-
help perpetuate "native Hawaiian
eries Committee recommends zero
culture and values," which have
funding for the Stuttgart "farm,"
survived for centuries but now pre-
which is run by the Interior De-
sumably cannot make it without
partment's Fish and Wildlife Serv-
federal funds.
ice. But every year the farm gets
While the National Park Service
ample funds through an obviously
(NPS) is struggling with scarce
reluctant National Oceanographic
funds to repair such crumbling sites
and Atmospheric Administration
as Philadelphia's Independence
(NOAA), which is a part of the
Hall, it is bound by law to redirect
Commerce Department.
millions into these pork doles.
The catfish farm is one of Sen.
"Some Congressmen see the Park
Dale Bumpers's (D., Ark.) pet pork
Service as an economic-develop-
projects. He is on both the Interior
ment agency," says a high Interior
and Commerce subcommittees of
official. NPS director James M.
the Senate Appropriations Com-
Ridenour worries about "lower-
mittee. In 1991, NOAA stated that
ing our standards, being willing to
its funds "should not support cat-
accept something that is less than
fish rearing at Stuttgart, because
nationally significant into our
these activities relate to freshwater
park system." He hopes that the
programs which are the responsi-
system's truly significant parks,
bility of the Department of the
such as the Grand Canyon and
Interior." Nonetheless, thanks to
Yellowstone, do not "suffer fur-
Bumpers, the Stuttgart catfish got
125
600/800
ARER HEANS
CT&O.
READER'S DIGEST
$2.8 million that NOAA would like
why numerous Presidents-includ-
to have used elsewhere.
ing Franklin Roosevelt, Harry S.
Time to Squeal. After the dire-
Truman, Dwight Eisenhower and
emergency debacle, in which
Ronald Reagan--have sought the
members saw a long and complex
power to veto sections of bills,
spending bill 15 minutes before the
the so-called line-item veto. With it
vote, Representative Fawell made a
the President could pass the appro-
modest proposal to the House
priation but zero out specific items,
Rules Committee. He suggested
trimming millions of dollars.
that on spending bills in particu-
Some Constitutional scholars be-
lar, the House should abide by its
lieve the power of the line-item
own rules-routinely waived-and
veto is implicit in the Constitution.
give members three days to read
Senators Coats and John McCain
and consider the measures before
(R., Ariz.) and Republican Minor-
a vote.
ity Leader Robert Dole of Kansas
Rules Committee members fell
have joined Senator Smith in a
all over themselves in praising
Senate resolution urging President
Fawell's idea, reflecting on how it
Bush to execute a line-item veto
would improve their oversight of
and test the issue. Coats and
public funds. Later that afternoon
McCain have also introduced S.196,
the committee killed his amend-
the Legislative Line-Item Veto Act,
ment. Last-minute votes on largely
which is now before the Senate.
unread bills have become an estab-
If you believe the President
lished procedure in the House.
should have such power, contact
Presidents may be outraged at all
your Senator or Representative,
the fat in- such bills, but they are
urging passage of these measures,
reluctant to veto an entire appropri-
and write the President, encourag-
ations measure because of it. That's
ing him to execute a line-item veto.
MONROE EVENING NEWS
MONROE, MI
DAILY & SUNDAY 23,465
SATURDAY
AUG 17 1991
220
BURRELLE'S
TJ
The deficit mounts - and the pork barrel rolls on
4209
cayne Blvd. Rep. Lehman, for his part,
By J. MARC WHEAT
and JEREMY ROSEN
'L
egislation
would
lays responsibility at the feet of his col-
league Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Mi-
iami, Florida, recently an-
terminate 325 wasteful
ami. Whatever the case, we can safely as-
M
nounced plans to build "an ex-
programs, including Bis-
sume that it was not a congressman from
otic garden for people to enjoy
Maine or Alaska that arranged this partic-
the richness of city life." The
cayne Blvd., that are costing
ular boondoggle.
garden is the centerpiece for the revitaliza-
taxpayers more than $1 bil-
For this year, Congress appropriated
tion of that city's Biscayne Blvd.
The plans call for 1,000 palms and flow-
lion this year.'
$1.7 million to study the engineering and
environmental aspects of the program.
ering trees, wider sidewalks, 60 cafe ter-
However, few think this will be the end of
races, 27 vending plazas and 12 shaded
the pork. Miami city leaders obviously ex-
courtyards. Quite a bargain for $18.6 mil-
the mindset that dominates policy makers
pect Congress to fund the rest of the $18.6
lion.
in Washington.
million project in the next few years.
Who's paying for this majestic improve-
The plans for Biscayne Blvd. started as
ment to Miami? Right now, you are. Con-
an architect's dream. The architect is Rob-
Mark Israel, a lobbyist for the City. of
gress has provided Miami with taxpayer
erto Marx, widely known as "the Picasso
Miami, said, "The appropriations commit-
dollars to begin financing the project.
of landscape architecture."
tee is not going to be in the position of
funding the engineering and environmental
One might think that a local boulevard
He says, "We need a social conscience
work and stopping there. They won't make
would be the responsibility of local citizens
to understand for what we are creating the
themselves look silly."
or government. But with congressional
garden. It's not only to be seen, but to be
pork-barrel spending, almost any project is
lived in. We need to give our life all mean-
It's much too late to save Congress from
worthy of federal funding.
ing that other people can find a better bal-
looking silly. But some in Congress are
ance. That is the landscape architect's mis-
working to stop future Biscayne Boule-
Indeed, pork-barrel spending has be-
sion, to discover the lost paradise."
vards. Sen. Bob Smith, R-N.H., along with
come a way of life in Washington. Just this
In 1988, the Miami City Commission ap-
Rep. Harris Fawell, R-Ill., and Timothy
year, Congress spent your money in the fol-
proved Marx's plan for Biscayne Blvd. Un-
Penny, D-Minn., has sponsored legislation
lowing ways: $5 million to build a parlia-
fortunately for Marx, Miami had no money
that would terminate 325 wasteful pro-
ment building on the Solomon Islands;
to pay for such an extravagant undertak-
grams, including Biscayne Blvd., that are
$150,000 to interpret the Hatfield-McCoy
feud; $2.7 million for an experimental fish
ing.
costing taxpayers more than $1 billion this
year. By cutting such programs, the
farm; $320,000 to purchase President Mc-
Did the city scrap the project or turn it
Smith-Fawell-Penny legislation would rep-
Kinley's mother-in-law's house; $11 million
over to private citizens for funding? Did
resent a welcome change in the "business
for a locomotive theme park called
city commissioners decide it was worthy
"Steamtown"; and $37,000 to study the han-
and cut other projects to pay for it? Of
as usual" attitude in Washington.
dling of animal manure. Congress funds
course not. That would represent a form of
Asking taxpayers to make sacrifices to
close the deficit while funding a tropical
these programs at a time when the pro-
fiscal responsibility found all too rarely in
jected federal deficit will reach a record
state and local governments. Instead. the
garden in Miami is tantamount to a decla-
$282 billion this year.
city asked their local congressional delega-
ration of war on the American taxpayer.
As these examples suggest, Biscayne
tion whether they could get the federal tax-
As we mortgage our children's future with
payer to pay the bill.
a mountain of debt, we must ask our-
Blvd. is just one of many outrageous,
selves: Which will Congress choose, a trop-
wasteful programs that have been given
Here, the plot thickens a little, as Con-
ical paradise or fiscal sanity?
the congressional green light. Yet, by it-
gress has shrouded the "who done it" ques-
self. it is also an interesting case study of
tion in a bit of mystery. The Miami Herald
J. Marc Wheat is director of tax and
fingers Rep. William Lehman, D-Fla., of
budget policy and Jeremy Rosen is-adjunct
Biscayne Park, who happens to be the
policy analyst at Citizens for a Sound Econ-
Chairman of the House Appropriations Sub-
omy Foundation, a 250.000-member re-
Editor Steve Gray's column, "The Busi-
committee on Transportation, as the one
search and education organization in Wash-
ness of Words," will return in two weeks.
responsible for getting the funding for Bis-
ington, D.C.
EVENING SUN
HANOVER, PA
DAILY & SUNDAY
20,698
TUESDAY
AUG 6 1991
163
BURRELLE'S
ZL
'Altoona Turkey' symbol
Shuster has denied the rail project
is a boondoggle, citing extensive
of pork barrel spending
local support for it.
"The senior members of the
(public works) committee should be
expected to work hard for their states'
By BILL STERNBERG
Shuster, a Republican from Everett
projects," Shuster said Friday.
Sun Washington Bureau
who is the top GOP member of the
Despite Altoona's history as a rail-
4209
House surface transportation
road town, however, enthusiasm for
WASHINGTON - They're call-
subcommittee.
the project inside the Beltway ap-
ing it the "Altoona Turkey."
The version of the highway bill
pears thin.
Critics of the highway bill pending
passed by the House Public Works
"This country is in a dire financial
in Congress have made the proposed
and Transportation Committee
situation and these politicians
$35 million overhead railway project
would authorize $5 million in pre-
couldn't care less. What they do care
in Altoona the poster child for pork
construction funding next year and
about is bringing home the pork and
barrel spending.
another $30 million the following fis-
getting re-elected; it's as simple as
Citizens for a Sound Economy, an
cal year.
that,' Paul Beckner, president of Ci-
anti-tax, anti-spend group based here,
The project, proposed by a Cana-
tizens for a Sound Economy, said.
placed the "suspended light rail sys-
dian company, would "demons-
The Washington Post also cited the
tem technology pilot project" atop its
trate" a new rail technology involv-
Altoona rail project in an article Fri-
list of 10 objectionable provisions in
ing individual vehicles driven by
day about Shuster's success in ob-
the House version of the $153.5 bil-
electric motors along a prefabricated
taining federally funded road projects
lion highway bill.
steel guideway.
for his district, including a highway
The group also circulated an ar-
Although the exact route is uncer-
and a bypass named after the
tist's conception of what it dubbed
tain, the most talked about rail link
congressman.
the "Altoona Turkey.' The drawing
would connect the bus and train sta-
The Post article said the overhead
shows a Disneyesque railcar wending
tion in downtown Altoona with the
rail is among the Shuster projects be-
along a guideway from downtown
yet-to-be-built Galleria Mall three
ing mentioned as "dubious" and
Altoona through the hills of central
miles away.
quoted a Blair County resident as not-
Pennsylvania.
The Galleria is being developed by
ing that most people drive to shop-
"As far as we're concerned, it's a
George Zamias Inc. of Johnstown.
ping malls.
classic example of pork barrel spend-
Federal Election Commission re-
The House had been scheduled to
ing and would never stand on its own
cords show that members of the Za-
take up the highway bill Friday, but
merits," said Brian Lopina, director
mias family and employees of the Za-
action was postponed until Septem-
of government relations for the citi-
mias construction company contri-
ber because of disputes involving the
zen's group.
buted at least $12,000 to Shuster's
bill's proposed 5-cent gasoline tax in-
Lopina added that rail projects are
last two re-election campaigns.
crease.
"notoriously inefficient and they all
end up being heavily subsidized by
taxpayers.'
The Altoona railway is. among
many Pennsylvania projects added to
the bill at the behest of Rep. Bud
INTELLIGENCER
WHEELING, WV
DAILY
24,483
MONDAY
AUG 12 1991
97
BURRELLE'S
UC
Altoona Turkey
E 4209
U.S. Sen. Robert Byrd of West rail. Citizens for a Sound Econ-
Virginia has been catching plenty omy calls it the "Altoona
of undeserved flak in the national Turkey," and if ever there was a
press for his efforts to move
turkey of a transportation project,
federal jobs to his home state
this is it. Monorails have been
from Washington. The critics spectacular failures in cities
would do well to turn their much larger than Altoona (pop.
attention to members of the
57,000). But who cares about
House Surface Transportation success or failure when you have
Committee. Unlike their efforts,
nearly unlimited access to tax-
Byrd's jobs-moving program at
payers' wallets?
least involves useful, necessary
activities of the government.
It would be difficult to top the
Fingerprint filing and identifica-
Altoona Turkey for simple waste,
tion for the FBI, which will be
but there are some close competi-
carried out in a huge new facility
tors in the transportation bill.
in Clarksburg, is just one exam-
Ohio's Greene County would get
ple.
$5 million for a "bicycle pedes-
By contrast, the transportation
trian facility," the Niagara Fron-
spending bill just passed by the
tier Authority would get $4
House includes a wide variety of
million for the World University
silly, expensive projects, and
Games, and Boston would get $2
House members want to pay for
million for bicycle paths under
the bill.
these misadventures in transpor-
tation with still another nickel in
Somewhere along the line,
gasoline taxes.
House members forgot that trans-
This is a bipartisan affair.
portation bills should have some-
While Chicago Democrats wrote
thing remotely to do with actu-
into the bill $24 million to
ally moving traffic. Sports
improve the city's State Street
championships, bike paths and
pedestrian mall, ranking Republi-
the Altoona Turkey. We'd say it
can Bud Shuster, R-Pa., got one
looks as though some House
more project to name after him-
members are living in Disney
self in Altoona, Pa. - a 3-mile,
World, but that would be a gross
$35 million Disney-style mono-
insult to Disney.
DAILY BREEZE
CAPE CORAL, FL
DAILY
5,087
FRIDAY
AUG 9 1991
33 BURRELLE'S TC
Nickel pork
EDITORIAL
The transportation spending bill just passed by the House includes a
wide variety of silly, expensive projects, and House members want
:
to pay for these misadventures in transportation with still another
nickel in gasoline taxes.
This is a bipartisan affair. While
Chicago Democrats wrote into the bill
Who cares about
$24 million to improve the city's State
success when you
Street pedestrian mall, Ranking
have access to
Republican Bud Shuster, R-Pa., got one
taxpayer's wallets
more project to name after himself in
Altoona, Pa. -- a 3-mile, $35 million
Disney-style monorail Citizens for a Sound Economy calls it the
'Altoona Turkey,' and if ever there was a turkey of a transportation
project, this is it. Monorails have been spectacular failures in cities
much larger than Altoona (pop. 57,000). But who cares about
success or failure when you have nearly unlimited access to
taxpayers' wallets?
It would be difficult to top the Altoona Turkey for simple waste, but
:
there are some close competitors in the transportation bill. Ohio's
Greene County would get $5 million for a 'bicycle pedestrian
:
facility,' the Niagara Frontier Authority would get $4 million for the
World University Games, and Boston would get $2 million for
bicycle paths under the bill.
Somewhere along the line, House members forgot that
transportation bills should have something remotely to do with
actually moving traffic. Sports championships, bike paths and the
Altoona Turkey. We'd say it looks as though some House members
are living in Disney World, but that would be a gross insult to
Disney.