Back to First Debate: Press Clippings - General

Ask the Scholar

Document scope · 1 page

doc

Scholar

Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory. For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.

Scholar Source Context

Document identity

localId

1554413

label

First Debate: Press Clippings - General

core

doc

dtoType

document

citationUrl

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413

pageCount

Source metadata

1554413

sourceUrl

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413

contentType

document

title

First Debate: Press Clippings - General

citationUrl

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413

collections

White House Special Files Unit Files

Ford - Carter Debates Files

subjects

Republican National Committee (U.S.)

Campaign debates

Presidential campaign, 1976

iiifBase

https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf

thumbnailUrl

https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf

largeImageUrl

https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf

imageCount

hasImages

yes

source

import

hasTranscription

Source extras

url

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413

naId

1554413

coverageEndDate

logicalDate

1976-09-30

month

year

1976

coverageStartDate

logicalDate

1976-08-01

month

year

1976

levelOfDescription

fileUnit

recordType

description

ocrSource

nara-archive

Single page context

seq

pageIndex

type

document

url

https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf

mediaId

7acf9425ac0b28e9

ocrText

The original documents are located in Box 1, folder "First Debate: Press Clippings - General" of the White House Special Files Unit Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 1 of the White House Special Files Unit Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC PARTY PLATFORMS WASHINGTON POST ANALYSIS & COMPARISON Aug. 18,1976 GERALD # Republicans Democrats Party Aims "The Democrats' platform repeats "Two Republican administrations the same thing on every page: more have both misused and mismanaged FORD Covernment, more spending, more in- the powers of national government, flation This Republican platform obstructing the pursuit of economic says the opposite-less government, and social opportunity, causing need- less spending, less inflation. In other less hardship and despair among mil- words, we want you to retain more of lions of our fellow citizens your own money, money that repre- "We do pledge a government that sents the worth of your labors." has as its guiding concern the needs Mr. Carter is firmly attached to and aspirations of all the people rather a contract with you to vastly increase than the perquisites and special privi- the powers of government The leges of the few We do pledge a price tag of five major Democrat plat- government that will be committed to form promises could add as much as a fairere distribution of wealth, in- $100 billion to the annual cost of gov- come and power." ernment The total of all Democrat preposals could be as high as $200 bil- lion could raise your taxes by 50 per tent. We do care about your basic free- dom to manage your own life We do care about encouraging permanent and meaningful jobs We do care about your getting paid in sound dol- lars." Watergate "Your elected officials, their ap- "Two Republican administrations pointees, and government workers are have betrayed the people's trust and expected to perform their public acts have created suspicion and distrust of with honesty, openness, diligence, and government through illegal and un- special integrity." constitutional actions." Jobs and Inflation Deficit spending" required by "During the past 25 years the Amer- Democratic congressional programs is ican economy has suffered five major the -cause of inflation, and this de- recessions, all under Republican ad- stroys jobs. ministrations [and] 10 million peo- "Wage and price controls have ple are unemployed right now." always been a dismal failure." "At times direct government in- Opposes attempts to take away volvement in wage and price decisions "independence of the federal reserve may be required" (but not at this time, board." Opposes Humphrey-Hawkins at least not a comprehensive system.) full employment bill, which will "cost "The Federal Reserve Board must billions" and provide only "make- be made a full partner in national eco- work," "temporary stimulus." nomic decisions and become respon- sive to economic goals of Congress and the President Need for na- tional economic planning capability." Favors use of tax, spending and credit policies, "accompanied by a broad range of carefully targeted em- ployment programs that will reduce unemployment low-interest loans to business and state and local gov. ernments (and) domestic develop- ment bank." (But no specific mention of the Humphrey-Hawkins bill as such; the above is its substance more or less.) REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS Affirmative Action "avors "equal treatment but not by Supports affirmative action, en- resurrecting the much discredited forcement of Equal Employment Op- quota system." portunity Commission decisions. Taxes Favors "a balanced federal budget "Tax reform at all levels ... 80 that and reduced tax rates." high-income citizens pay a reasonable "Tax credits for college tuition, tax on all economic income." postecondary technical training and Reduce tax shelters [for] oil and child-care expenses incurred by work- gas, tax-loss farming, real estate and ing parents." movies." Overhaul federal estate and Also "tax credits for parents mak. gift taxes, remove incentives for ing elementary and secondary school multi-nationals to shift jobs to over- payments." seas. New accelerated depreciation, re- move burden on equity financing, end "unfair double taxation of dividends" when balanced by spending reduc- tions, raise personal exemption to $1,000. Agriculture Dposes government-controlled Overhaul federal estate and gift grain reserves, unrealistic safety and taxes, aid workers in housing, employ- environmental rules. Favors increase ment, health and education. in estate-tax exemption to $200,000, Collective bargaining and unions valuing farmland on current-use basis. for farm workers. Labor legislation to help workers but recognize need to prevent stoppages during harvest. Miscellaneous Government Supports automatic and mandatory Mandatory sentence for committing minimum sentences for persons com- felony with gun. mating federal offenses using danger- Backs laws to control manufacture ous weapons. and distribution of handguns and Sat- Supports "right of citizens to keep urday night specials, but sportsmen and bear arms opposes federal can possess guns for hunting and tar- registration of fire arms." get shooting. Opposes federal postcard registra- Favors federal postcard registration tion bill. bill, D.C. voting in Congress, full Favors D.C. voting representation home rule. in House and Senate and full home rule over local matters. Education Segregated schools are morally "Mandatory transportation of stu- waong and unconstitutional." But "we dents beyond their neighborhoods for oppose forced busing to achieve racial the purpose of desegregation remains asiances" and "favor consideration of a judicial tool of the last resort for at amendment to the Constitution for- the purpose of achieving school deseg. bidding the assignment of children to regation." school on the basis of race." Favors "federally financed family Favors a constitutional amendment centered developmental and educa- to permit local communities "wishing tional child-care programs." to conduct non-sectarian prayers in Calls school programs "underfunded" their schools to do so." at federal level. "With increased fed- Favors child-care assistance for eral funds, it is possible to enhance working parents. educational opportunity by eliminating Favors study to find ways to with- spending disparities within state bor- draw federal aid to elementary and ders." secondary education, provided ways can be found to return to the states equivalent revenue (to compensate for any loss in present levels of federal funding.) Republicans Democrats Health "The Republican Party opposes "We need a comprehensive national compulsory national health insurance health insurance system with univer- [which] will increase federal govern- sal and mandatory coverage [financed ment spending by more than $70 bil- by] employer-employee shared payroll lion in its first full year [and] require taxes and general tax revenues." a personal income tax increase of ap- Lower costs by government rate-set. proximately 20 per cent." ting. "Rates for institutional care and "We support extension of cata- physicians' services should be set in advance strophic filness protection to all who cannot obtain it." Opposes any research on dive fe. tuses and legislation which sanctions ending life of the patients. Lower health care costs by encour- aging healthier life styles, ending wasteful duplication of facilities, pre- ventive care, more out-of-hospital service but "we oppose excessive in- trusions from Washington in the de- livery of health care." Civil Rights, Discrimination "There must be vigorous enforce- "We must insure that all citizens ment of laws to assure equal treat- are treated equally before the law, ment in job recruitment, hiring, pro- and given the opportunity regardless of race, color, sex, religion, age, lan- motion, pay, credit, mortgage access and housing We reaffirm our guage or national origin, to partici- pledge to work to eliminate discrimi- pate fully in the economic and social nation in all areas for reasons of race, and political processes and to vindi- color, national origin, age, creed or cate their legal and constitutional sex and to enforce vigorously laws rights." guaranteeing women equal rights." "We seek ratification of the Equal "The Republican Party reaffirms its Rights Amendment." support for ratification of the Equal "We feel that it is undesirable Rights Amendment" to the Constitu- to attempt to amend the U.S. Consti- tion. tution to overturn the Supreme Court "The Republican Party favors a con- decision" permitting abortion. tinuance of the public dialogue on "We pledge to protect citizens' abortion and supports the efforts of privacy from bureaucratic and techno- those who seek enactment of a consti- logical intrusions, such as wiretapping tutional amendment to restore protec- and bugging without judicial scrutiny tion of the right to life for unborn and supervision." children." "Major changes are needed to main- tain the confidentiality of tax returns and Social Security records" and pro- tect against seizure an individual's bank records by the government. REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS Amnesty "Full and complete pardon for those who are in legal or financial jeopardy because of their peaceful opposition to the Vietnam war, with deserters to be considered on a case-by-case basis." Labor Supports youth differential in mini- "We will seek repeal of Section 14B, mum wage law. which allows states to legislate the Favors retention of Section 14B of anti-union open shop." Taft-Hartley Act, which allows states Supports legalization of commonsite to pass open-shop right to work laws. picketing. Opposes legalization of commonsite picketing on construction sites. Welfare "We oppose federalizing the welfare "We should move toward a system We also oppose the guaran- simplified system of income mainte- teed annual income concept " nance, substantially financed by the federal government It should provide an income floor both for the working poor and the poor not in the labor market." Arts and Humanities Support for national endowments, Support for national endowments, public broadcasting, copyright and tax public broadcasting, copyright and tax law protections." law protections, also, "special anti-re- cession employment programs for art- ists." Urban Policy Favors continuation of revenue Favor continuation of revenue shar- sharing. Continued deductability of ing. Also emergency anti-recession aid property taxes and home mortgage in- to states and cities. terest. "Aggressive enforcement of Fair Opposes discrimination in housing. Housing Act." Prohibit "redlining." Favors reduced direct federal in- Direct U.S. subsidies for low-and volvement in housing. moderate-income housing and housing for elderly. Automatic triggering of production subsidies and mortgage funds when housing starts fall below acceptable levels. Republicans Democrats Energy "Immediately eliminate price con- "Beyond certain levels, increasing trols on oil and newly discovered nat- energy prices simply produces high- ural gas in order to increase supply." cost energy, without producing any Favors "accelerated use of nuclear additional energy supplies." Increases energy through processes that have in 1975 law for oil prices are ade- been proven safe," with more safety quate. As for natural gas, favor some research on nuclear waste disposal. raises in price ceilings, but not total "We vigorously oppose divesti- removal. Just enough to bring close to ture of oil companies" and their brea- equivalent energy price for oil. kup into separate producting and mar- "U.S. dependence on nuclear power keting segments. should be kept to the minimum neces- sary to meet our needs. We should supply stronger safety standards as we regulate its use. And we must be honest with our people concerning its problems and dangers Supports divestiture of oil compa- nies. Bar oil companies from owning competing types of energy such as coal. Environment Pledges to preserve "clean and Pledges to preserve environment. healthy" environment. "Those who would use the environ- Public lands to be used for multiple ment must assume the burden of dem- use, not "closed to exploration for onstrating that it will not be abused." minerals or for mining without an ov- Economic growth and environmen- erriding national interest." tal preservation are compatible. "Emphasis on environmental con- cerns must be brought into balance with the needs for industrial and eco- nomic growth." Maximize sustained yield in forests, including national forests, using "clear-cutting and replanting where appropriate." REPUBLICANS DEMOCRITS Our strategic nuclear torees must provide a strong and credible deter Foreign and Defense Policy rent to nuclear attack and nuclear blackmail" without "undue emphasis" Calls for "superior national de Supports "racial peace urge all on the overall size of the defense Tense" and period of sustained concerned that the rights of tribal, budget. growth in our defense effort." Specifi- ethnic and racial minorities be guar- anteed through workable safeguards. Cut the defense budget of $110 bil- cally, construction of B-1 bomber. In- Our policy is to strengthen the forces lion by $5 billion to $7 billion. crease Army to 16 divisions. of moderation." Against external in- Delay the B-1 bomber until Febru- Endorses NATO continued strength. terference, Soviet arms. ary, 1977., Asks Spain be added to NATO. Does not use of the word detente. "NATO remains a vital commit- Reaffirms U.S. commitment to terri- torial integrity and sovereignty of Re- Holds it a good idea to "isolate and ment." (No mention of Spain.) public of Korea. "U.S. troops will be develop those areas of our relations Maintain commitment to Korea but maintained in Korea so long as there which would serve to lessen tensions "we can redeploy and gradually phase exists the possibility of renewed ag- and reduced the chance of unwanted out U.S. ground forces and withdraw gression from North Korea." conflict." Favors steps to "limit strate- the nuclear weapons now stationed in gic nuclear arms," cites en-going Korea." Blames Democrats in part for losing talks, Vladivostok agreements. South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Friendship with Japan the because of "the refusal of the Demo- Soviets must adhere to their prom- eornerstone" of Asia policy. crat-controlled Congress to give sup- ises of the free flow of people and "Our relations with China should ort to presidential requests for mili- ideas and eased emigration restric- continue to develop on peaceful lines, ary aid to the beleaguered nations of tions, as spelled out in the Helsinki including early movement toward nor- South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos." agreements, including granting of em- malizing diplomatic relations in the Friendship with Japan, the "pillar" igration rights to Jews, Christians and context of a peaceful resolution of the of Asia policy. Moslems, and must cease imprison- future of Taiwan." We seek "expanded network of con- ment and harassment of those wishing "Relations with Cuba can only be to emigrate. cacts and trade" and "normalization of normalized if Cuba refrains from in- relations with Communist China but Supports the right of the people of terference with the internal affairs of "will continue to support the freedom Central and Eastern Europe to "self- the U.S. and releases all U.S. citizens and independence of our friend and determination," and favors adequate currently detained in Cuban prisons lly, the Republic of China (Taiwan) funding for the Voice of America, Ra- and labor camps for political reasons. and will fulfill and keep its commit- dio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. We can move toward such relations if ments, such as the mutual defense Insists Soviets end microwave trans- Cuba abandons its provocative inter- treaty, with the Republic of China." missions en the U.S. embassy in Mos- national actions and policies." "Exporting subversion and violence, cow. "We pledge support for a new Pan- Cuba remains outside the inter-Ameri- ama Canal treaty, which insures the can family of nations." interests of the U.S. in that waterway, recognizes the principles already Under the 1903 treaty, the United agreed upon, takes into account the States enjoys "jurisdictional rights in interests of the canal work force, and the Canal Zone as 'if it were the sov- which will have wide hemispheric sup- ereign.' The U.S. intends that the Pan- port." ama Canal be preserved as an interna- tional waterway for the ships of all "Firm commitment to the independ- ence and security of the state of Is- nations in talks with Panama, rael however, the U.S. negotiators should including sufficient military and economic assistance to maintain in no way cede, dilute, forfeit, negoti- Israel's deterrent strength in the re- ate or transfer any rights, power au- gion and maintenance of U.S. military thority, jurisdiction, territory or pro- force in the Mediterranean adequate perty that are necessary for the pro- to deter "Soviet military intervention. tection and security of the U.S. and the entire western Hemisphere." "Free passage of shipping in the Middle East, especially the Suez Ca- "Commitment to Israel is funda- Efforts should be made to normal- nal." mental and enduring. We have hon- Ise relations with Angola." ored and will continue to honor that Recognize and support Jerusa- commitment in every way-politically, Favors "pursuit of detente," work- lem as the capital of Israel U.S. economically and by providing the ing toward arms limits, comprehen- embassy should be moved from Tel military aid that Israel requires to re- rive ban on nuclear tests, nuclear ar- Aviv to Jerusalem." main strong enough to deter any po- senal reduction on both sides but we Must recognize "inevitability of ma. tential aggression. Forty per cent of should "not overall limit the U.S. to jority rule on that continent." all U.S. aid that Israel has received levels of intercontinental strategic "Unequivocal and concrete support of since 1948 has come as a result of forces inferior to the limits provided majority rule in southern Africa." Republican initiatives." for the Soviet Union." No recognition of South Africa an- "The U.S. has always supported the "We should continually remind the nexation of Namibia. process of self-determination in Af- Soviet Union of its commitments End "Republican administration's rica." In Helsinki to the free flow of people relaxation of arms embargo against and ideas." South Africa deny tax advantages "We do not accept military dom- to all corporations doing business in Inance of many Eastern European South Africa and Rhodesia who sup- countries" by the U.S.S.R. attempt to port or participate in apartheid prac- dominate anyother European country tices and policies." like Yugoslavia would pose "a grave Fully enforce un-ordered Rhodesia threat to Deace." senction and repeal the Byrd Amendment." contest, for It was the inter- Mr. Carter's newness on why -personalities, not the national some and ideas, that really mattered. of foreign policy experience This removed in time, It is are obviously going to be easy to see how carefully price Republican issues. But THE HAS the candidates manipulated if 1960 provides any clues, their disagreements for maxi- the debates could give the THE mum tactical advantage. The Georgian an opportunity to hottest exchanges came on neutralize them. Kennedy-Nixon Debates a Key questions on which their dif- Round Two ferences appeared to be nar- rowest, usually, cold war Prequmably, Mr. Ford's aldes hope that Mr. Carter To What'76 Clashes May Hold issues. The first debate was sup- will crumple under pressure as Mr. Nixon is sometimes posed to be confined to supposed to have done in By JOSEPH LELYVELD purses his lips, cranse his detail-the lighting, the can- domestic matters. But Mr. 1960. But the Vice President Special to The New Total Times neck and, twice simost are angles and, because of Kennedy, who got to speak came back to the second Mr. Nixon's perspication prob- first, immediately began a WASHINGTON, Aug. 29- seems to ned in agreement. debate in fighting trim: He Proud of what they took Twice also, be is shown wip- lam, even the temperature. grim exhortation on "our was better-tailored: profes- to be a big advance in the ing his chin with handker- Don Howitt, the CBS pro- struggle for survive! fith Mr. sionally made-up, more as- way Americans select their chief. This Impression is coe ducer who handled the first Khrushchev His riyal, who gressive and obviously intent of strain. debate, said that it. would had made his reputation as a President. the television net- on keeping his gaze steady works promoted the events Commetic Problem have been better to k. had globetrotting Vice President and his hands from fluttering as "the Great Debates." But been performed before an and militant anti-Communist, at the time, a number of critics Mis sult is not dark spough audience rather than pro- thus found himself on the de- In the numerous opinion asked what was as great to set him off distinctly from duced as & television show. fensive in what was supposed surveys made at the time, there is scant evidence that about the encounters and the gray background, and his m 4 memo distributed in to be his area of greatest strength. he lost support as a result whether they were even real face has a chalky look-the Congress last, week, how- of the debates. Their most debates. result, the press soon dis- ever, CBS took the opposite Aim at Same Target important effect, it appears, covered, of a last-minute sp view, contending that "the "The dialogue was larguly But while they magnified was to solidify support for plication of cosmetic called studio atmosphere" would be a paste-up job containing bits and enippets from cam- "Lazy Shave" after he bad "lees of a personal, physical their differences on for- Mr. Kennedy among waver- eign policy, the candidates ing Democrats who had pre- refused professional makeup. end paychic drain on each of paign rhetoric already used seemed to mute them on do- viously been unenthusiastic many times," wrote a Wash- So much was eventually the candidates" than a de- written about Mr. Nixon's bate before a live audience. mestic issues. Mr. Kennedy about him. ington journalist, Douglass This view to Hkely to be warned of stagnation; Mr. Of course, the analogy be- Cater, shortly after be had makeup problems that the tested, for Mr. Ford and Mr. Nixon, of inflation. But they tween 1976 and 1960 breaks participated as a. panellst to biggest surprise in seeing the were aiming at the same down in a number of ways: the third set between John debate now la that be looks Carter are negotiating on the middle-of-the-road voters, so Mr. Ford is President: also, F. Kennedy and Richard M. much better than legend debates with the nonpartisan they confined themselves to he is regarded as the under- Nixon. "As the series wore leads one to expect, His dis- League of Women Voters, on, the protagonists were comfort was real: He had which proposes to stage them broad generalities, cautiously dog as Mr. Nixon was not. like two weary wrestiers in front of audiences in hired expressed. Moreover, neither candidate come to the debate tired and Reactions to the first de- has demonstrated the foren- who kept trying to get the III and had then banged & halls. bate made it clear that what sic skills of his 1960 precur- same holds. previously infected kneecap The league also proposes to Yet no one doubted that on a car door before entering have a debate by the Vice- was said mattered less than sors. And, finally, the elect- how it was said. The show rate may be more volatile the four debates were the the studio. Presidential candidates. It is opened with the two candi- and open to impressions. central campaign events of But the impression of stress, a. curious, footnote, but that idea also dates back to 1960 dates seated in chairs on In this letter connection, 1960. And after Mr. Kennedy while distinct, is fleeting. when It was put forward by either side of the moderator, Professor Michael Robinson, came out ahoud by a tissue- Most of the time he effective- Howard K. Smith. a political scientists at Amen- Vice President Nizon to coun- thin margin of fewer than commands attention. 113,000 votes, it was widely ter a demand by Mr. Kennedy Mrs. Kennedy has one leg ican University, notes that But Mr. Nixon's problem crossed over the other; as he party loyalties have loosened concluded that what had In the first debate was more for a fifth debate. is introduced, he nods dramatically in the last 16 happened on television had than cosmetic. It was finding gravely. years. determined the result: a way to match his rival's The Vice President's hands A major change is in the sharp and assertive todo fidget on his lap; his feet role of the television net- Estimating the Risks and to defend the record of #lide around aimlessly under works in producing the de- Now, 16 years later, that the Elsenhower Administra- his chair. As he is intro- bates. The 1960 encounters televised debates between the tion without sounding & duced, he breaks into a sud- took place in television stu- two major-party Presidential den smile and nods, swivel- dios, with the television con- feasive. candidates appear to be an ing his body awkwardly sultants of the candidates on idea whose time has come Issue of Experience toward Mr. Smith, then back hand in the control rooms to again, looking back at 1960 Also, "experience" had to the camera. bargain and badger on every is one way to estimate the been one, of Mr. Nixon's Ignores Rival risks President Ford and Tim- campaign selling point; my Carter will take and the Instead of spontaneous Congressman Protests the suggestion being that it give-and-take, there is a benefits they may derive would be dangerous to turn when they meet before the over the country to his counterpoint of capsulized Wolf Hunt in Alaska cameras. leaser-known rival, But - statements. Mr. Kennedy perience did not prove to be speaks directly into the cam- WASHINGTON, Aug. 28 A reviewing the a something that "televised" era without acknowledging (UPI)-A Virginia Congress- A viewing the other day the presence of his rival. Mr. man has asked the Depart- of the first two Kennedy- well. Nixon, beads of perspiration ment of the Interior to inves- Nixon debates in a CBS stu- His appoint incomed to forming on his lower lip, tigate a planned aerial wolf dio helped to correct some know at least as many facts seems to want to engage both hunt in Alaska's Brooks old Impressions and reinforce is Mr. Nixon did. For Mr. Mr. Kennedy and the TV Mountain Range others. in non way, the ex- Kennody, selevision was a great audience. Three times he aska Representative William G. perience was similar to that equalizer. He closed the "ma- his opponent to acknowledge Whitehurst, a Republican, of sitting through an old turity gap." Mr. Carter errote that they both are "sincere." said that the Alaska Fish and movie that was considered at the time, by proving him- The camera switches for Game Department wanted to bold and exciting in its day self "able to stand up to the "reaction shots" of the Sen- kill 80 percent of the wolves but now seems mannered and man who stood up to Krush- ator while the Vice President in a vast area of the range coy. chev.' 4 reference to Mr. is speaking His eyes are because of . decline In the The narrow neckties, short Nixon's Imprompte televised steady and alert; his face, population of Western Arctic haircuts and Armageddos "debate" with the Soviet impassive except for & slight Caribou there. rhetoric all contribute to this Prime Minister, suggestion of amusement, The area includes land effect. The Que- If there is a parralles be- even disdain, at the corners proposed for designation as may and Matsu to whether (weet) 1960 and 1976, M. only of his mouth. There is a still- a major national park and a President Elsenhower should serves to underscore the risk ness about him that gives an number of wildlife refuges. have expressed regrets for President Foed is running as impression of composure. Mr. Whitehurst asked Thom- U-2 flights over the Soviet the first incumbent to debate The close-up shots of Mr. as S. Kleppe, Secretary of Union longer seem com- a for A White House side, Nixon when Mr. Kennedy the Interior, to review the pelling. If they ever did. Richard B. Cheney, said the speaks show his glance dart- planned wolf hunts to see if other day that Mr. would ing around the studio set. He Personalities Mattered they could be stopped. demonstrate ex- But that hardly detracts perience and of from the fascination of the the Issues. THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Tuesday, September 7, 1976 13 THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN financial Carter economics a clear choice over Ford's By David R. Francis their votes. If the jobless blame the govern- Unit labor costs rose at an annual rate of ment for their plight, they have no other Unemployment in the U.S. only 3.4 percent in the mrst hair of this year. Beston real alternative than to vate for Mr. Carter. Security adjusted Parcent That is sharply below increases of 7.5 per- Democratic presidential candidate He is clearly somewhat more liberal than 9 cent in 1975 and 13.2 percent in 1974. Junny Carter is beginning to sing the the President. theme song of electoral challengers: "Any- Unlike in the 1999s and the Great Depres- : Business pressure lessened thing you can do, I can do better. sion, however, the recent recession has 7 Business is thus under less pressure to On Saturday. at a news conference in turned public opinion toward the right 7.9 jack up prices. especially since there is Plains, Georgia, be stressed the need to rather than towards the left. That may be 6 more than adequate capacity in most in- curb inflation and achieve a balanced bud- because of the high inflation rate that ac- dustries. get. These goals, he added, might delay the companied the recession. 5 So, whether the voters choose Mr. Ford start of "costly" social and other programs So Mr. Carter must make sure be appeals 4 or Mr. Carter, the new president's chief be has promised to introduce if elected. to the new fiscal and economic conserva- The shift in Mr. Carter's emphasis un- tism. This Saturday be emphasized a goal 3 economic problem will be to step up the ex- pansion slightly without rekindling inflation. doubledly reflects an economic fact: There of ending inflation and balancing the federal 2 And that won't be an easy trick. budget by 1980. Economic scene Actually, the economy tends to shape the Economists at Data Resources, Inc., economic positions of presidents more than headed by Harvard Prof. Otto Eckstein, their economic ideology. And right now in- last week recommended devising ways to are as of August 87 million employed in 1974 1975 1975 flation is probably less of a problem than solve # part of the unemployment problem the United States and 7.5 million unem- the slower pace of the recovery. by direct methods that do not require stim- ployed. Management, Inc a trade group, says that ulation of the nation's output beyond its pro- This means that those with work are a Prices softening corporate purchasing agents now have low- ductive capacity. dominant majority. They are likely to be Recent price news has been exceptionally ered their inflation expectations for the rest somewhat more concerned with rising good for consumers. They suggested a tax credit for job devel- of this now expect price boosts prices than high unemployment. So Mr. the month ended August 15, farm opment in private industries, encouraging to be moderate or slight, and look for selec- Carter must avoid being labelled a "big prices fell by 4 percent - the sharpest de- employers to use more labor and less capi- tive markups rather than increases across spender" if he is to win their political back- cline since last November. This should put tal and resources to produce a given output, the board. Back in May, the corporate buy- ing. some restraint on food price increases. and hiring disadvantaged persons in the sec- ers expected "a period of tough going on It was announced Friday that the number . Wholesale prices fell in August by a ondary labor force. They also urged special the price front." of jobless rose 80,000 in August to 7,504,000, seasonally adjusted 0.1 percent, reflecting hiring by state, local, and federal govern- Wage increase patterns have been rela- ment. or from 7.8 percent to 7.9 percent of the la- declining food prices. However, industrial tively moderate. During the first half of this bor force. There now is little chance of the prices increased 0.7 percent. Their econometric model shows that the year, first-year pay raises averaged 8.4 per- unemployment rate slipping below 7 per- of Steel producers had to back off from cent. That compares with 10.2 percent last use of fiscal and monetary measures alone cent. as predicted earlier by Ford adminis- their announced 4.5 percent increase in could soon push inflation back up to the 8 year and 0.8 percent in 1974. tration economists prices of flat-rolled products. Competitive Moreover productivity has continued to percent range. Promises can be moderate market pressures nullified what economists increase handsomely. This means that man- Though candidate Carter now talks fiscal The Democratic candidate will undoubt- call "administered prices" decisions. ufacturers unit Labor costs rise less than the conservatism. he probably will be more edly roast President Ford for mismanaging Alumimm makers are also shaving wage rates of their employees. At mid-year, sympathetic to direct methods of trimming the economy. But he needn't promise prices from announced price bikes, though the hourly output of employees in private the number of jobless than Mr. Ford. De- grandiose public, works programs, etc., they have not rescinded them. businesses was 4.5 percent higher than a spite his step right. the voters still have an In create jobs for the unemployed to get The National Association of Purchasing year earlier economic choice. We buy DIAMONDS INSURANCE FLAME PRECIOUS GEMS Scudder Managed Reserves- ANNUITIES GOLD JEWELRY LIFE INSURANCE Premium Prices Paid Complete Appraisal Servic Information from agency NOTCHING DRILLING DRILL NCHING TURAL FABRICATION 30 FORMING an easy way to invest SILVERWARE in Swiss francs in the money market. Scudder Managed Reserves provides an efficient way to invest in money-market securities with low risk. for Individuals Estates L. AESCHIMANN without tying up your money. Insurance Companies $1,000 minimum initial investment Member - Appraisers Association of America 40, rue du Rhône STRUCTIONS No minimum holding period LING Write-a-check redemption feature Roy K. Eyges, ELDING Invest by mail or phone 1211 Geneva 1 ARC Inc Switzerland MIG BFI Telephone redemption option THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Tuesday, September 7, 1976 13 THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN financial Carter economics a clear choice over Ford's By David R. Francis their votes. If the jobless blame the govern- Unit labor costs rose at an annual rate of ment for their plight, they have no other Unemployment in the U.S. only 3.4 percent in the first half of this year. Boston real alternative than to vote for Mr. Carter. Seasonally adjusted Percent That is sharply below increases of 7.5 per- Democratic presidential candidate He is clearly somewhat more liberal than 9 cent in 1975 and 13.2 percent in 1974. Jimmy Carter is beginning to sing the the President. theme song of electoral challengers: "Any- Unlike in the 1930s and the Great Depres- 8 Business pressure lessened thing you can do, I can do better." sion, however, the recent recession has 7 Business is thus under less pressure to On Saturday. at a news conference in turned public opinion toward the right 7.9 jack up prices, especially since there is Plains, Georgia, he stressed the need to rather than towards the left. That may be 6 more than adequate capacity in most in- curb inflation and achieve a balanced bud- because of the high inflation rate that ac- dustries. 5 get. These goals, he added, might delay the companied the recession. So, whether the voters choose Mr. Ford start of "costly" social and other programs So Mr. Carter must make sure he appeals 4 or Mr. Carter, the new president's chief he has promised to introduce if elected. to the new fiscal and economic conserva- The shift in Mr. Carter's emphasis un- tism. Thus Saturday he emphasized a goal 3 economic problem will be to step up the ex- pansion slightly without rekindling inflation. doubtedly reflects an economic fact: There of ending inflation and balancing the federal 2 And that won't be an easy trick. budget by 1980. Economic scene Actually, the economy tends to shape the 1 Economists at Data Resources, Inc., economic positions of presidents more than headed by Harvard Prof. Otto Eckstein, their economic ideology. And right now in- last week recommended devising ways to are as of August 87.9 million employed in 1973- 1974 1975 1976 flation is probably less of a problem than solve a part of the unemployment problem the United States and 7.5 million unem- the slower pace of the recovery. by direct methods that do not require stim- ployed. Management, Inc., a trade group, says that ulation of the nation's output beyond its pro- This means that those with work are a Prices softening corporate purchasing agents now have low- ductive capacity. dominant majority. They are likely to be Recent price news has been exceptionally ered their inflation expectations for the rest They suggested a tax credit for job devel- somewhat more concerned with rising good for consumers. of this year They now expect price boosts in the month ended August 15, farm opment in private industries, encouraging prices than high unemployment. So Mr. to be moderate or slight, and look for selec- Carter must avoid being labelled a "big prices fell by 4 percent - the sharpest de- employers to use more labor and less capi- tive markups rather than increases across spender" if he is to win their political back- cline since last November. This should put tal and resources to produce a given output, the board. Back in May, the corporate buy- and hiring disadvantaged persons in the sec- ing. some restraint on food price increases. ers expected "a period of tough going on ondary labor force. They also urged special It was announced Friday that the number Wholesale prices fell in August by a the price front." hiring by state, local, and federal govern- of jobless rose 80,000 in August to 7,506,000, seasonally adjusted 0.1 percent, reflecting Wage increase patterns have been rela- ment. or from 7.8 percent to 7.9 percent of the la- declining food prices. However, industrial tively moderate. During the first half of this bor force There now is little chance of the prices increased 0.7 percent. Their econometric model shows that the year, first-year pay raises averaged 8.4 per- unemployment rate slipping below 7 per- Steel producers had to back off from use of fiscal and monetary measures alone cent. That compares with 10.2 percent last cent. as predicted earlier by Ford adminis- their announced 4.5 percent increase in year and 9.8 percent in 1974. could soon push inflation back up to the 8 tration economists. prices of flat-rolled products. Competitive Moreover productivity has continued to percent range. Promises can be moderate market pressures nullified what economists increase handsomely. This means that man- Though candidate Carter now talks fiscal The Democratic candidate will undoubt- call "administered prices" decisions. ufacturers unit Tabor costs rise less than the conservatism, ne probably will be more edly roast President Ford for mismanaging Aluminum makers are also shaving wage rates of their employees. At mid-year, sympathetic to direct methods of trimming the economy. But he needn't promise prices from announced price hikes, though the hourly output of employees in private the number of jobless than Mr. Ford. De- grandiose public. works programs, etc., they have not rescinded them. businesses was 4.5 percent higher than a spite his step right, the voters still have an to create jobs for the unemployed to get The National Association of Purchasing year earlier. economic choice. We buy DIAMONDS INSURANCE PRECIOUS GEMS PRESS TOMATICHING BRAKE AME N/C Scudder Managed Reserves- ANNUITIES GOLD JEWELRY LIFE INSURANCE SILVERWARE in Swiss francs COANSLING FORMING an easy way to invest in the money market. Premium Prices Paid SAW CUNG 30' Scudder Managed Reserves provides an efficient Complete Appraisal Service Information from agency for Individuals. Estates. FABRICATION way to invest in money-market securities with low risk, L. AESCHIMANN without tying up your money. Insurance Companies. etc. $1,000 minimum initial investment Member Appraisers the No minimum holding period Association of America Write-a-check redemption feature 40, rue du Rhône Roy K. Eyges, Invest by mail or phone 1211 Geneva 1 ARC Switzerland BEL Telephone redemption option Inc. Additions or withdrawals in any 1901 amount on any business day ONE BULFINCH PLACE Since No purchase or redemption charges IN THE CAPITOL BANK BUDG 3rd Floor at Sudbury St. PAX Dividends declared daily BOSTON, MA 02114 617-227-8400 A Swiss Life Insurance Company BLOOMER BLOOMER.FR BLOOMER BLOOMER steel BLOOMER.538. steel PAINTING INC. 60609 INQUIRY Broadly diversified investments in the Government Ctr. Monthly account statements No withdrawal penalty Continuous management by Scudder, Stevens & Clark Invest in the money market conveniently with PENN SQUARE YOUR Scudder Managed Reserves and make your money work harder for you. P Mail to: MUTUAL FUND Scudder Managed Reserves Dept. #32 10 Post Office Square, Boston, Mass. 02109 a no - load fund APPRAISERS Telephone: 617-482-3990 (Call collect) A prospectus containing more complete infor- Do You Know Today's Value mation about Scudder Managed Reserves, sting in common stocks for capital gains possibilities of Your Machinery and Equipment? including all charges and expenses, will be sent ES COMMISSION TO BUY SHARES We specialize in appraising and purchasing upon receipt of this coupon. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest or send money. HARGE UPON REDEMPTION manufacturing plants of all types. Name PLANS (including "Keogh Act" Plan METALWORKING -Employed) are available Address RUBBER AND PLASTIC Our Specialty City State Zip 76-6771 or Mail Coupon to: 1419, Reading, PA 19603 Occupation Title Loeser Associates SCUDDER SCUDDER INVESTMENT Zip CSM 70 Sanford Street, Fairfield, CT 06430 (203) 259-3321 THE PRESIDENT HAS STIEN THURSDAY, SEPT. 2, 1976 What Do We Want From the Debates? By ARTHUR SCHLEEINGHR Ju. of the debates will help the electorate most same thing about inflation. Mr. Ford The debates are indisputably a good in making its choice? This question is inev. should break down and confess If he has thing. The underlying premise of democ- Itably of secondary Interest to the candi- been able to think up any other way of con- racy is an informed and attentive elector- dates. They are naturally concerned with taining inflation than by inducing unem- ate. Voters are confronting a choice that the design they think will be of greatest po- playment. Mr. Carter should similarly be will very possibly make & considerable dit. litical benefit to themselves. Bo we are in pressed to explain how he hopes simultane- ference to their lives. We may not learn a for a time of negotiation in which the sec. ously to reduce inflation and unemploy- lot from watching Messrs. Ford and Carter onds maneuver for tactical advantage. ment without resort to controls. Both grapple with public issues and each other Thus Mr. Ford's team proposes $0 minute should be asked why price stability has on television. But we will learn something. been abandoned as a national objective. We will certainly not loss from the expert- Let them tell us how they differ on en- ence. Board of Contributors ergy policy, on health policy. on tax policy. At the very worst, the debates will re- on tariffs. We want to know what they mind us that an election is taking place. In 1960 the proportion of voters expressing We need to know think about the SALT talks. nuclear prolif. erations, Americans hustling arms sales to "very much interest" in the campaign rose whether each candidate is the world. Does Mr. Ford still think he was 12 percentage points (according to the Ro- right in his attack on the government of per pall) after the Kennedy Nixon debates satisfied with the present Portugal and his covert intervention in An- began. Over the same period four years gola? Does Mr. Carter still want to with. before, without debates, the Increase was level of opportunity for draw American troops from South Korea? one percentage point. What would they do about Latin America? Debates between presidential candi- minorities. If not, what Africa? Do we abandon Taiwan and recog. dates are BQ self-evidently useful that pro- specific steps would they nise Peking? What about Communists in vision should have been made long since to the Italian government? incorporate them at least as an option In take to improve matters? the quadrennial process. We should not A Tricky Business, but have to be struggling in September to Foreign policy, it must be said, is a spring them from the clutches of obscure debates, starting in early September with a tricky business. A responsible politician sections of the communications and election session on national defense. (Can Mr. Ford might well prefer not to tie. or tip. his laws. Nor should the League of Women be so confident that this is his best terrain? hand in connection with, say. Korea, China Voters have to be passing the hat in order One assumes that Mr. Carter's decade at and Eurocommunism. One cannot promise to raise the cash to put them on. We ought Annapolis and with Admiral Rickover's nu- absolutely what one will do In the unknown not to have to bribe our television networke clear submarines was not spent In vain.) future: crises have a way of presenting and stations to make prime time available. Mr. Carter's team likes 60 minute debates, themselvee in unexpected forms. Still. if Most Western democracies give their starting later in the campaign and cover- this is frankly said, reasonable listeners parties time during elections as an elemen- ing a diversity of topics. will understand. So, in specific. domestic tary public duty. We should do the same. policy will probably be more revealing Television channels do not own the air- t suppose some sort of panel will be than foreign policy. ways. They make immense profits from 11- necessary to keep the conversation going. censes granted, as the Communications But the debate should not be permitted to What might be most revealing of all is Act says, when "public convenience, inter- dwindie into parallel press conferences the third of the league's proposed sub- est, or necessity will be served thereby.' without direct exchange between the two jects: the presidency. We would like to What is better calculated to serve the pub- principals. As for the subjects, It seems to know to what extent each candidate be lic interest than to strengthen and en- me that the original League of Women Vot- lieves a President can withhold informa- lighten our democratic process? Why era proposal has much merit: debates on tion from Congress and the people by should we have to pay private corporations foreign policy, on domestic policy and on claiming "Executive privilege. How seri- to put on programs of such indispensable the presidency itself; to which could be ap- ously will each take the presidential re- importance to a free society? pended a fourth catch-all debate dealing sponsibility to hold press conferences" with questions not adequately treated in What would each do about the CIA? The To do the networks justice, CBS in 1984 the first three and adding Measrs. McCar. FBI? How can Mr. Ford, as If It were none offered free prime time for an extended se- thy and Maddox to the cast. of his business, Inveigh against a bureau- ries of joint appearances by the two major presidential candidates and, interestingly. What the country would like to get out cracy that has been presided over by Re- for their running mates as well. NBC, I be- of the debates, I think, are two things in publicans for the last eight years and for lieve, has made a similar offer. Congress particular: a sense of the quality of the 16 of the last 24? Does Mr Carter honestly ought immediately do whatever is required men seeking our highest office: and a believe that the reshuffling of government sense of their visions of the future of the bureaus will produce miraculous results In to make those proposals operational. Republic. We hope the debates will test the economy and efficiency? What does each Minor Party Problem judgment, intelligence, knowledge and think are the vital qualities a President should have? What Presidents does each poise of the two candidates. We hope the There is, of course, the troubling quee. debates will give us a vivid impression of particularly admire? tion of minor party candidacy. A case can what each wants to achieve in the next A notable opportunity for public enlight- be made for the appearance in one, say, of four years. enment lies ahead. The capacity of each four sessions of those candidistes-this year Eugene McCarthy and Laster Maddox- Our gravest domestic problem remains candidate to take advantage of that oppor- who might appeal to more than a minus. that of racial justice. We need to know tunity, and forego handing out the usual cule number of voters. Our lawyers are re- whether each candidate is satisfied with mess of cliches and claptrap, will be EA the present level of opportunity for minori- measure of their qualifications for the sourceful enough, I have no doubt, to find ties. If not, what specific steps would they presidency. criteria that distinguish McCarthy and Maddox from Ford and Carter on the one take to improve matters? What kind of hand and from the candidates of the prohi- priority would they give this issue? Both Mr. Schlesinger is Albert Schweitzer bitionist and vegetarian parties on the should be quizzed, and should quis each Professor of the Humanities at the City other. Perhaps one criterion could be the other. mercilessly about their intentions to- University of New York and winner of Pu- number of states in which the candidate ward the cities. litzer Prizes in history and biography. He appears on the ballot. We need to know what rate of unem- is also a member of the Journal's Board of discussion will lie be- playment each finds acceptable and how Contributors. live distinguished professors saño periodic tenders The next question is: what design down that level Commodities Wall Street Journal 9/7/76 Ford-Carter Differences on Farm Policy Focus on Proper Size of Government Role THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN By KAREN ELLIOTT HOUSE COMMODITY INDEXES Staff Referter of Two WALL STREET JOURNAL WASHINGTON - Jimmy Carter, who JAN FEB MAR APRIMAY JUN JUL AUGISEP went through the Democratic primaries ar- 380 guing for less government. favors more gov. ernment in farming In speeches and position papers, the Democratic presidential nominee argues 360 that the government must Insure stable 'con- sumer food prices by creating a grain re- 1976 serve and at the same time assure profita- 340 ble farm prices by raising federal subsidies SPOT to farmers. Those proposals put him at loggerheads 320 with President Ford And next spring. one of them will be In the White House to press his farm policies on Congress, which will be re- placing the expiring 1973 farm bill with a 300 FUTURES new one. The key question how big a role should government have in farm and food DOW JONES policies? 280 COMMODITY INDEXES 'Our policy is one of freedom from gov. 1924 26-100 ernment interference for our farmers." says Earl Buts, Mr. Ford's Agriculture Secre- JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 260 tary. "The Democrats program to just the Net Yr opposite. They talk of a grain reserve and Close Che Ago higher support prices. Those two add up to Dew Jenes Patures 342.00 0.73 299.06 Dew Jenes Send 337.43 0.19 316.20 getting government back in the commodity Router United Kingdom 1466.1 24 1161.8 business Not so, says P. R (Bobby) Smith of Win- Ford and Mr. Carter on other 198ues. Both der. Ga., one of Mr. Carter's chief farm ad. promise they won't embargo grain sales to visers. We're not going back to the Kenne- other nations except in emergencies. such as dy-Johnson era of big government farm pro- a massive crop failure here. Both agree that Frams. were simply talking about giving the estate-tax exemption for farms should armers a chance to stay in business. be increased. President Ford has proposed Both sides already are blasting away at raising it to $150,000 from $80,000. Mr. each other in front of farm audiences. Secre- Carter hasn't said how high he would like to tary Butz calls Mr. Carter, who grows pea- see the exemption but he has said the es nuts, a "one-crop farmer," and declares he tate-tax value of the land should be based on is in the hip pocket of AFL-CIO President its use for agriculture rather than on its po- George Meany. "With Carter in the White tential value for commercial subdivision House, George Meany will be the shadow Secretary or ARTICUITURE. Mr. Butz says. Mr. Carter charges Mr. Butz and President Ford with "unparalleled incompetence" in blocking foreign grain sales, which have been embargoed four times in the past three years. Stockpiling Grain Behind the loud rhetoric are key differ. ences between Mr. Carter and President involve the creation of a grain stockbiling enom meat marreed satisfy do- mestle needs for 60 days roughly 25 million metric tons based on current use. A metric ton is 2,201.6 pounds. Buch a reserve, he says, would insure grain for U.S. needs, keep food prices stable and make future em- bargoes unhecessary. Under the Carter plan half the grain held by Armera and the rest by government n tan known how much the reserve would cost taxpayers, whether the government would pay storage costs on grain held by farmers or how farmers would be prohibited from selling their stored grain if prices rose. We looking into the exact mechanism of how to accumulate and operate serve." says Oliver Miller, Mr. Carter's co- ordinator in Atlanta for agricultural issues. We may have an answer in a few weeks." President Ford strongly opposes any gov- ernment grain reserve, which hill mt depress (Tem prices. Farmers, he says, rare better when they control surplus grain, selling It as they do currently when the prices rise Farmers currently hold about a 79-day sup- ply of wheat and feed grains, or about 33.3 million metric tons. the Agriculture Depart- ment estimates. Farmers pay the storage bill. thereby sparing taxpayers those costs, which rose to $1 million a day in 1970 before the Nixon administration sold government- owned grain to Russia and subsequently ended farm programs that had created gov. ernment surpluses. At the heart of Mr. Carter's farm policy is a promise of higher price supports the government loans BIRT aubsidies available to farmers. Mr. Carter says the support prices, currently tar below market prices, must be raised at least to reflect the cost of produc. ing commodities. But he hasn't said what the new levels might be in a Carter adminis- tration. Robert Lewis of the National Farmers Union here says, "his statement is poorly defined and could mean a lot of things But we're optimistic ne Intends to put prices at reasonable levels. Subsidy for Feanuts One crop that is highly subsidized is pea nuts, Mr. Carter hasn't announced whether he favors continuing a New Deal program that forces the government to buy about 600,000 tons of surplus peanuts each year at more than double the world market price That program will cost taxpayers $155 mil- lion this year. VI don't expect him to take B position,' Mr. Smith, the Carter adviser says. He has a vested interest. Although Mr. Carter hasn't received any federal pay- ments since 1973. he benefits from the artifi- cially high price that peanuts bring because of government controls. Mr. Ford favors eliminating the peanut program. There is agreement between President Commodities Wall Street Journal 9/7/76 Ford-Carter Differences on Farm Policy Focus on Proper Size of Government Role THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN By KAREN ELLIOTT HOUSE COMMODITY INDEXES Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WASHINGTON Jimmy Carter, who JAN MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP went through the Democratic primaries ar- 380 guing for less government, favors more gov- ernment in farming. In speeches and position papers, the Democratic presidential nominee argues 360 that the government must insure stable con- sumer food prices by creating a grain re- 1976 serve and at the same time assure profita- 340 ble farm prices by raising federal subsidies SPOT to farmers. M Those proposals put him at loggerheads 320 with President Ford And next spring, one of them will be in the White House to press his farm policies on Congress, which will be re- placing the expiring 1973 farm bill with a 300 FUTURES new one. The key question: how big a role should government have in farm and food DOW JONES policies? 280 COMMODITY INDEXES "Our policy is one of freedom from gov- 1924 26-100 ernment interference for our farmers," says Earl Butz, Mr. Ford's Agriculture Secre- JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 260 tary. "The Democrats program is just the Net Yr. opposite. They talk of a grain reserve and Close Chg. Ago higher support prices. Those two add up to Dow Jones Futures 342.00 0.73 299.06 Dow Jones Spot 337.43 0.19 316.20 getting government back in the commodity Reuter United Kingdom 1466.1 + 2.4 1161.8 business. Not says P. R. (Bobby) Smith of Win- Ford and Mr. Carter on other issues. Both der. Ga., one of Mr. Carter's chief farm ad- promise they won't embargo grain sales to visers. We re not going back to the Kenne- other nations except in emergencies, such as Johnson era of big government farm pro- a massive crop failure here. Both agree that grams. We re simply talking about giving the estate-tax exemption for farms should farmers a chance to stay in business. be increased. President Ford has proposed Both sides already are blasting away at raising it to $150,000 from $60,000. Mr. each other in front of farm audiences. Secre- Carter hasn't said how high he would like to tary Butz calls Mr. Carter, who grows pea- see the exemption but he has said the es- nuts, a "one-crop farmer, and declares he tate-tax value of the land should be based on is in the hip pocket of AFL-CIO President its use for agriculture rather than on its po- George Meany. With Carter in the White tential value for commercial subdivision. House. George Meany will be the shadow Secretary of Agriculture.' Mr. Butz says. Mr. Carter charges Mr. Butz and President Ford with "unparalleled incompetence" in blocking foreign grain sales, which have been embargoed four times in the past three years. Stockpiling Grain Behind the loud rhetoric are key differ- ences between Mr. Carter and President Ford. One involves the creation of a grain reserve. Mr. Carter favors stockpiling enough wheat and feed grains to satisfy do- mestic needs for 60 days-roughly 25 million metric tons based on current use. A metric ton is 2,204.6 pounds. Such a reserve, he says, would insure grain for U.S. needs, keep food prices stable and make future em- bargoes unnecessary. Under the Carter plan, half the grain would be held by farmers and the rest by government. It isn't known how much the reserve would cost taxpayers, whether the government would pay storage costs on grain held by farmers or how farmers would be prohibited from selling their stored grain If prices rose. We re looking into the exact mechanism of how to accumulate and operate a re- serve, says Oliver Miller, Mr. Carter's co- ordinator in Atlanta for agricultural issues. 'We may have an answer in a few weeks." President Ford strongly opposes any gov- ernment grain reserve, which might depress farm prices. Farmers, he says, fare better when they control surplus grain, selling It as they do currently when the prices rise. Farmers currently hold about a 79-day sup- ply of wheat and feed grains, or about 33.5 million metric tons, the Agriculture Depart- ment estimates. Farmers pay the storage bill, thereby sparing taxpayers those costs, which rose to $1 million a day in 1970 before the Nixon administration sold government- owned grain to Russia and subsequently ended farm programs that had created gov- ernment surpluses. At the heart of Mr. Carter's farm policy is a promise of higher price supports the government loans and subsidies available to farmers. Mr. Carter says the support prices, currently far below market prices, must be raised at least to reflect the cost of produc- ing commodities. But he hasn't said what the new levels might be in a Carter adminis- tration. Robert Lewis of the National Farmers Union here says, "his statement is poorly defined and could mean a lot of things. But we're optimistic he intends to put prices at reasonable levels.' Subsidy for Peanuts One crop that is highly subsidized is pea- nuts. Mr. Carter hasn't announced whether he favors continuing a New Deal program that forces the government to buy about 600,000 tons of surplus peanuts each year at more than double the world market price. That program will cost taxpayers $155 mil- lion this year. VI don't expect him to take a position,' Mr. Smith, the Carter adviser says. "He has a vested interest.' Although Mr. Carter hasn't received any federal pay- ments since 1973, he benefits from the artifi- cially high price that peanuts bring because of government controls. Mr. Ford favors eliminating the peanut program. There is agreement between President John P. Roche Wodnington Star Carter has NATO checking the fire esca That 4.5 tremor on the neutral Austrians fit into able response to a Warsaw would be limited to Europe He then Richter Scale about a week the picture? Finally, where Pact blitz into Western En- West and East and it tation on ago did not demity another would the meeting be held rope. would be horrible. But it is clear wes earthquake in China it in safety Iceland? To quiet Soviet fears, we a false hope to exclude the wonder N represented a shudder in Then came another went in for ministurization two superpowers from surreptitio the NATO chancelleries thump on Dulles's bass- and extraordinary accura- that." fire escape over Jimmy Carter's Intest drum: "The standoff mu- cy. The theory was that if ramblings on limited clear strength between us Brezhnev knew our nukes clear war and the Soviet Union, where were small, clean and accu- Right after the conven- both of us have substantial rate, and only targeted on tion, the candidate met with overkill capacities, is a military installations, be the Hearst Taskforce and major deterrent to war in would genially accept the delivered some remarkable Europe. "Massive retalia- military symmetry. His re- musings on the subject of tion," Dulles's phrase, rides ponse, however, was to up- American reliance on the again. date his large, dirty and nuclear deterrent. To the Finally, he seemed to be- relatively inaccurate short- extent they were Intelligi- lieve we still have a "pre- range and intermediate- ble, they marked - as I emptive strike" capacity range ballistic missiles. noted here a pure "Back against the Soviets, that we (Contrary to recent specu- to Dulles" approach. could take out their retalia- lation, the evidence indi- Since his views went tory capabilities in one sud- cates their SRBMs and largely unreported in the den salvo. IRBMs have not been summer doldrums, let me The root of Carter's prob. MIRVed: Moscow is just again summarize them. lem is his belief that limited getting more resonance for First, he said he would nuclear war is a fake op- the ruble.) use atomic weapons if he tion. I completely agree. Given Brezhnev's under- was "convinced the securi- Since Henry Kissinger standable refusal to play by ty or existence own first surfaced the concept in our rules (they have anoth- 1958 (later backing off), I er manual, by Lenin, out of Immediately readers in have inveighed against it in Clausewitz, which empha- Tokyo, Seoul and Western season and out, particularly sizes that war is not a Europe went on red alert. when it almost became part ballet), only a lunatic would our own nation." of our national policy dis- put his money on a limited guised as the Multilateral war staying limited. Jimmy Second he got into the Nuclear Force (MLF). Carter clearly does not fall European situation, though Indeed, I like to think I into this category, but in- hardly in a reassuring fash- had a hand in President stead of advocating the only ion: 'The use of atomic Johnson's decision, immedi- reasonable alternative - a weapons in Europe would ately after the 1964 election, conventional build-up - he certainly not be contemplat- to scuttle MLF. I asked if has again, in an interview ed by me without agree- he really thought Moscow with C.L. Suizberger of the ment of the nations who would take seriously a New York Times, gone would be most directly af- statement that the views ex- drifting off into strategic no fected by retaliatory ac- pressed by an MLF nuke man's land. tions against the Soviet hitting Kiev were not neces- Union I certainly sarily those of the govern- "The Russians,' he said, couldn't imagine us using ment of the United States? "have always gone all-out nuclear weapons in Europe In the post-Vietnam run- in their planning (for a without Germany and Aus- down of American tactical, not limited, nu- tria and perhaps France ap- conventional forces, tacti- clear war). But make the proving their use." cal nuclear weapons distinction that they would What on earth did this became a capital-intensive exclude direct attacks by mean? substitute for troops. And them on the U.S.A. and di- In the event of a crisis, whether we admitted it or rect attacks by us (on would he call a conference not, a tactical nuclear first- them). and take a vote? How do strike was the only conceiv- "For them, a tactical war John P. Roche THE PRESIDENT STATE Wodnington Star 9/3/76 Carter has NATO checking the fire escape That 4.5 tremor on the neutral Austrians fit into able response to a Warsaw would be limited to Europe He then advocated a limi- Richter Scale about a week the picture? Finally, where Pact blitz into Western Eu- - West and East - and it tation on the spread of nu- ago did not signify another would the meeting be held rope. would be horrible. But it is clear weapons! Is it any earthquake in China - it in safety? Iceland? To quiet Soviet fears, we a false hope to exclude the wonder NATO powers are represented a shudder in Then came another went in for miniaturization two superpowers from surreptitiously checking the the NATO chancelleries thump on Dulles's bass- and extraordinary accura- that." fire escape? over Jimmy Carter's latest drum: "The standoff nu- cy. The theory was that if ramblings on limited nu- clear strength between us Brezhnev knew our nukes clear war. and the Soviet Union, where were small, clean and accu- Right after the conven- both of us have substantial rate, and only targeted on tion, the candidate met with overkill capacities, is a military installations, he the Hearst Taskforce and major deterrent to war in would genially accept the delivered some remarkable Europe. "Massive retalia- military symmetry. His re- musings on the subject of tion," Dulles's phrase, rides ponse, however, was to up- American reliance on the again. date his large, dirty and nuclear deterrent. To the Finally, he seemed to be- relatively inaccurate short- extent they were intelligi- lieve we still have a "pre- range and intermediate- ble, they marked - as I emptive strike" capacity range ballistic missiles. noted here - a pure "Back against the Soviets, that we (Contrary to recent specu- to Dulles" approach. could take out their retalia- lation, the evidence indi- Since his views went tory capabilities in one sud- cates their SRBMs and largely unreported in the den salvo. IRBMs have not been summer doldrums, let me The root of Carter's prob- MIRVed: Moscow is just again summarize them. lem is his belief that limited getting more resonance for First, he said he would nuclear war is a fake op- the ruble.) use atomic weapons if he tion. I completely agree. Given Brezhnev's under- was "convinced the securi- Since Henry Kissinger standable refusal to play by ty or existence of our own first surfaced the concept in our rules (they have anoth- was threatened." 1958 (later backing off), I er manual, by Lenin, out of Immediately readers in have inveighed against it in Clausewitz, which empha- Tokyo, Seoul and Western season and out, particularly sizes that war is not a Europe went on red alert. when it almost became part ballet), only a lunatic would our own nation." of our national policy dis- put his money on a limited guised as the Multilateral war staying limited. Jimmy Second he got into the Nuclear Force (MLF). Carter clearly does not fall European situation, though Indeed, I like to think I into this category, but in- hardly in a reassuring fash- had a hand in President stead of advocating the only ion: "The use of atomic Johnson's decision, immedi- reasonable alternative - a weapons in Europe would ately after the 1964 election, conventional build-up - he certainly not be contemplat- to scuttle MLF. I asked if has again, in an interview ed by me without agree- he really thought Moscow with C.L. Sulzberger of the ment of the nations who would take seriously a New York Times, gone would be most directly af- statement that the views ex- drifting off into strategic no fected by retaliatory ac- pressed by an MLF nuke man's land. tions against the Soviet hitting Kiev were not neces- Union I certainly sarily those of the govern- "The Russians,' he said, couldn't imagine us using ment of the United States? "have always gone all-out nuclear weapons in Europe In the post-Vietnam run- in their planning (for a without Germany and Aus- down of American tactical, not limited, nu- tria and perhaps France ap- conventional forces, tacti- clear war). But make the proving their use." cal nuclear weapons distinction that they would What on earth did this became a capital-intensive exclude direct attacks by mean? substitute for troops. And them on the U.S.A. and di- In the event of a crisis, whether we admitted it or rect attacks by us (on would he call a conference not, a tactical nuclear first- them). and take a vote? How do the strike was the only conceiv- "For them, a tactical war Digitized from Box 1 of the White House Special Files Unit Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library FORD THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN Politics 3 Sensitive Issues: Welfare, Social Security This is the second of a series of articles detail- The House Ways and Means Committee, however, is ing the differences between President Ford's and expected to consider tacking a smaller rate increase-.1 per Jimmy Carter's positions on major issues likely to cent for employer and employees-onto "decoupling" face the 95th Congress. legislation (HR 14430), which aims to correct a costly defect Much as they might like to, President Ford and Jimmy in the method used to adjust Social Security benefits for in- Carter cannot easily avoid the Social Security and welfare flation. While the "decoupling" bill is not likely to pass dur- reform issues that have been pitfalls for some other ing 1976, chances are good that the 95th Congress will presidential nominees of both parties. approve some form of the legislation. For example, Sen. Barry Goldwater (R Ariz.) alarmed Ford has called his proposal to raise payroll taxes essen- much of the nation in 1964 with his proposal to make Social tial to the solvency of the Social Security system. "Simple Security voluntary, a stand Republicans have taken pains arithmetic warns all of us that the social security trust fund to repudiate ever since. Then in 1972 Sen. George is headed for trouble," Ford said in his 1976 State of the McGovern (D S.D.) floated his plan to guarantee every Union message. "Unless we act soon to make sure the fund American an income of $1,000, which proved an easy target takes in as much as it pays out, there will be no security for his opponents. for old or young." While such experiences might suggest a cautious, low- profile approach to these issues, certain facts make them impossible for this year's candidates to ignore. National Issues Government reports show the Social Security system running an annual deficit and forecast depletion of the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust The President is staunchly opposed to other approaches funds by the early 1980s, unless additional revenues are for boosting trust fund revenues. Emphasizing his intention provided or benefit levels adjusted. In addition, economists to preserve the contributory nature of the program, Ford es- warn that demographic factors such as low birth rates com- pecially objected to proposals to supplement payroll tax bined with the aging of the "baby boom" generation even- receipts with general tax revenues, even on a temporary tually will strain the system even more, requiring a relatively basis. smaller work force to support a larger population of retirees. His administration also has been unsympathetic to suggestions involving further extensions of the payroll tax Staggering Caseloads wage base; under existing law, the ceiling on earnings sub- Another unsettling trend is the sharp growth of welfare ject to the tax will rise automatically to $16,500, from caseloads. The Department of Health, Education and $15,300, in January. Administration spokesmen, such as Welfare estimates that Aid to Families with Dependent Social Security Administration Commissioner James B. Children (AFDC)-the nation's largest welfare Cardwell, argued that raising the ceiling on covered earn- program-now supports 11.5 million persons, compared ings would simply compound the system's long-range with 4.4 million in 1965 and 2 million in 1955. And, despite financial difficulties, because of the link between con- annual federal outlays exceeding $32-billion for public tributors' taxable earnings and their eventual benefit levels. assistance programs (such as AFDC, Medicaid, food Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter has flatly opposed stamps), the numbers of poor Americans continue to rise. In proposals to raise payroll taxes. "Increasing the contribu- 1974 the Census Bureau counted 24.3 million persons as tion rate as President Ford has suggested would put an poor-over one million more than the year before. even greater burden on the average wage earner, would not In view of such developments, Ford and Carter agree insure more benefits, and would require everyone to pay that something must be done to restore public confidence in more," Carter said. the Social Security system and to improve the operations of Blaming Republican economic policies for the current welfare programs. But there has been little consensus on shortages of Social Security revenues, Carter claimed that just what steps to take. recent periods of high unemployment and inflation had together deprived the system of tax receipts and necessitated large increases in benefit costs. Carter said he Social Security would concentrate on achieving greater reductions in un- employment and inflation to bring the system into balance. Payroll Tax and Wage Base If the deficits persisted, however, Carter said he would Ford and Carter sharply disagree on solutions to the support further increases in the taxable earnings base. And, Social Security system's short-run financing problems. In as more of a last resort, he would be willing to use general his fiscal 1977 budget request, Ford called for an increase in tax revenues to help finance Social Security. payroll tax rates, raising both the employer and employee contributions (currently a flat 5.85 per cent of covered earn- Benefits Structure ings) by .3 percentage points apiece. According to ad- Both candidates have endorsed the types of changes in ministration estimates, the higher rates would produce an the benefits structure contained in the "decoupling" bill. extra $3.5-billion in tax revenues. Introduced at Ford's request, the bill would end current Concerned that a tax increase of this size would tend to techniques of adjusting benefit schedules for both wage and counteract the stimulative economic effects of the income price increases-an overcompensation for inflation that tax cuts initiated in 1975, Congress effectively rejected the could allow recipients' benefits to exceed their pre- proposal when it agreed upon spending targets in March. retirement wages. Carter has proposed a similar reform, COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL OUARTERLY INC. Reproduction prohibited in whole or in part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2467 Politics 4 Politics 5 aimed at guaranteeing current workers the same proposals to increase the share of federal funds supporting of congressional action, Ford pressed for administrative financial situation will be harmed by the breadwinner relationship between benefits and wages in effect for current AFDC and medical assistance programs, but few plans regulations to reduce program costs and participation remaining with his dependents," Carter told the retirees. addressed the issue of converting the existing network of levels. New Department of Agriculture standards, currently Democratic Party Platform Committee in June, "and ef- Beyond the existing financial difficulties, few campaign state-run public assistance programs (such as AFDC, under court challenge, would drop from the program an es- forts should be made to have fathers who abandon their proposals address longer-run or more permanent concerns. Medicaid) and federal "in-kind" aid (such as food stamps) timated 5 million recipients-most with household incomes family be forced to continue support." With projections raising doubts about the ability of future into a single, nationally standard cash payment system. just above the poverty line. (Details of food stamp con- Carter also emphasized the need to relate welfare generations to support the growing population of retired troversy, Weekly Report pp. 2236, 1118) reform to changes in existing government employment persons, for example, the wisdom of maintaining the current Minimum Income Concept programs. "pay-as-you-go" system has been questioned. Shortly before she retired, Rep. Martha W. Griffiths (D Carter As part of broader plans to improve living conditions of senior citizens, and make retirement life more meaningful, Mich. 1955-75) broke the ice in December 1974 with a com- Carter, in contrast, has said that his administration Outlook Carter favors some liberalization of the rule requiring bination cash allowance/tax rebate plan that has served as would consider "a complete overhaul of our welfare system" proportionate reductions in Social Security payments to the model for current proponents of the guaranteed a high priority matter. "Our welfare system is an insult to Because Carter is making an issue of welfare reform beneficiaries earning more than $2,760 a year. "Let them minimum income concept in both the House and the those who pay the bill and those who honestly need help," during his campaign, the legislative prospects for com- earn up to $3,600 at most," Carter recommended, claiming Senate. (1974 Weekly Report p. 3274) Carter said. "The basic components of a fair and workable prehensive changes in the system generally are considered that "it would cost too much" to drop the retirement earn- Griffiths' plan set the basic benefit for a family of four program are well known It's time to act." much brighter under Carter than under Ford. "If Carter's ings test entirely. with no income at $4,300 and required that the grants be Carter has endorsed the guaranteed minimum payment elected, you'll see new life at HEW," predicted a con- The Social Security Administration estimates a loss of reduced 50 cents for each dollar earned. The payments, to concept, with some modifications. "We should have one gressional aide to Robert J. Cornell (D Wis.), a main more than $6-billion from elimination of the earnings be administered by the Internal Revenue Service, would fairly uniform standard of payment, adjusted to the extent organizer of large-scale welfare reform efforts in the House. test-a drain the agency claims it cannot afford. Its es- replace the existing AFDC and food stamps programs. feasible for cost-of-living differences and with strong work In addition, there are definite plans to revive in the timate makes allowance for Social Security taxes-but not (Revisions of Medicaid, however, would await action on incentives built in," Carter told the National Governors' 95th Congress current congressional proposals for a income taxes-that beneficiaries would pay if the removal national health insurance plans.) The additional cost of the Conference July 6. "In no case should the level of benefits guaranteed minimum income. These include companion of the restriction induced more retirement-age individuals Griffiths-type reforms is estimated in the $13-billion to $15- make not working more attractive than working." bills by Cornell (HR 6430), Sens. Jacob K. Javits (R N.Y.) to continue working. billion range, if the existing income tax cuts enacted in 1975 To preserve incentives to work, Carter calls for a "two- and McGovern (S 3000), as well as a separate bill (S 3665) remain in effect. Without the tax reductions, the cost is track" system, essentially separating the employable from by Sen. J. Glenn Beall Jr. (R Md.). In the next Congress, placed at $22- to $24-billion. Welfare Reform the unemployable poor. Under this plan, persons physically these sponsors generally anticipate more help from a Carter Politically conservative critics of the welfare system able to work-except for mothers of pre-school administration than from a Ford administration. have focused on reducing the role of the federal government children-would be considered unemployed. "They should Some observers also expect Ford, if re-elected, to be Social Security does not function purely as a pension and tightening standards of eligibility for relief. One set of be trained for a job and offered a job," Carter explained, more receptive to minimum income-type programs in his plan, of course; it has an income-support component as proposals advanced by conservatives in both chambers of adding that public jobs should be created if necessary. "If next term than he has been in the past. In either case, much well. Since the first payments of Social Security benefits in Congress would eliminate aid to strikers and students and they decline the job, they should be ineligible for further probably will depend on outside momentum for change. 1940, the benefit schedule has favored workers at the lower require stricter proof that recipients have sought work. benefits." "There's little interest now among members of Congress," end of the income scale, "replacing" larger proportions of Along with the minimum income plans, these proposals The Carter campaign estimates that about 10 per cent one welfare reform proponent said. "They think it's too con- their pre-retirement earnings. currently are lodged in congressional committees that have of current welfare recipients would fall in the employable troversial and costly, and they'd rather not get involved." Stressing the distinction between social insurance and taken no action on them. category. The rest-primarily the aged, the handicapped or Further, as the McGovern campaign found out, the welfare, proponents of the Social Security system have firm- disabled, and persons with dependent children-would concept of a guaranteed annual income can quickly lose its ly resisted proposals to make benefits even more directly Ford receive a standard payment "adequate to meet the appeal when numbers and cost figures are identified. A cash contingent on means. Advocates of welfare reform, on the President Ford generally has taken the position that necessities of life." To encourage these individuals to hold program that aids any significant numbers of the working other hand, have had somewhat greater success when they more than piecemeal reform of the welfare system is needed, part-time jobs if possible, Carter favors increasing the poor, explained a congressional specialist in welfare reform, have been able to link their proposals with Social Security. but not necessarily right away. Maintaining that "complex amounts they can earn without triggering a reduction of will not necessarily cost any less than is being spent on welfare programs cannot be reformed overnight," Ford also their benefits. public assistance already-and may cost a great deal more. SSI has expressed doubts that the economy could absorb any Unlike McGovern, Carter has not attempted to attach "Setting the specific benefit levels will be very difficult," In 1974 the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) major new expenditures for welfare before the end of the numbers and prices to these proposals. Details such as the she added, noting that the incomes of about 10 per cent of program administered by the Social Security Administra- decade. specific benefit levels for either group of recipients and the American families fall just above the poverty line, making tion became the nation's first guaranteed minimum income In 1974 a special welfare reform group in HEW benefit-reduction-or "tax"-rates applied to earnings, his them eligible for some benefits under such a plan. program. Replacing more than 1,000 state and local public developed its own version of the guaranteed minimum in- campaign explains, are matters to receive careful study assistance programs, SSI provided uniform federal come plan, which reportedly met with a cool reception at from his administration. Similarly, without such Social Security allowances, based on financial need, to elderly, blind or dis- the White House. "I have never believed that a guaranteed specifications, cost estimates cannot yet be made, though The debate over how to rescue the Social Security abled persons. For the very poorest recipients, the program annual income was the answer to any of our problems," Carter has indicated that expenditures in the $20-billion system will also certainly continue into the next Congress. now provides monthly payments of $168 per individual and Ford said during a campaign appearance in Alabama in range would not be acceptable. In a press conference Sept. While a Ford administration might renew its request for an $252 per couple. (Background, Weekly Report p. 1508) May. But, emphasizing his dissatisfaction with the existing 3, he also stressed the need to balance the federal budget increase in payroll taxes, its chances in Congress-if un- The SSI program was the only part of former President welfare system, he has asked HEW to make new recommen- during his first term, delaying such programs as welfare employment rates remain well above 7 per cent-probably Nixon's Family Assistance Plan (FAP), to aid poor families dations on welfare reform, including analysis of minimum reform if necessary. would be slight. with children, that survived. The main welfare reform income possibilities. Though Carter consistently has characterized the ex- According to projections in both the Carter and Ford features of the FAP bill-grants of cash and food stamps While viewing complete federalization of the system isting collection of state-run assistance programs as "a crazy camps, some form of "decoupling" would eliminate about (totaling $2,400 for a family of four with no other income) with reservations, Ford has not supported the conservative quilt of regulations administered by a bloated half of the long-range deficit in the Social Security system, combined with a 50 per cent tax on earnings of more than position that welfare responsibilities be left to state bureaucracy," he does not favor complete federal spon- making the need for revenues less pressing. $720 a year-were dropped by House-Senate conferees in governments alone. "Surely we cannot simply dump welfare sorship of welfare. His plans call for the federal government In the meantime, as the government deliberates on the October 1972. After passing the House in June 1971, the into the laps of the 50 states. and just walk away from it," to assume a "substantial part" of the funding and, when issue of Social Security financing, the system itself is in no plan met fierce opposition from conservatives in the Senate, Ford said in his State of the Union address. He also would financially feasible, a phased reduction of the states' shares danger of "going under." Acknowledging that, unlike a led by Finance Committee Chairman Russell B. Long (D like the federal government to assume greater control over of the cost. Localities would not have to foot any of the bill, private insurance company, the government can always La.), who pressed for the inclusion of strict work re- the eligibility standards, benefit schedules and other as New York City now does. stand behind its payment obligations, the Ford administra- quirements for able-bodied adults. (Background, 1972 organizational aspects of the existing programs. (Weekly As part of his proposals for uniform national criteria for tion has said that "the public's benefits are not in jeopar- Almanac p. 899) Report p. 135) welfare benefits, Carter urged the elimination of regulations dy." And Jimmy Carter would probably add, "You can de- Comprehensive welfare reform efforts have been essen- In addition, his administration has made special efforts that encourage fathers to desert their families. "Family pend on it." I tially stalled since then. There have been subsidiary to revamp the food stamp program. Impatient with the pace stability should be encouraged by assuring that no family's -By Mary Eisner Eccles PAGE 2468-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole in part except by editorial clients Reproduc whole or in part except by editorial clients, Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2469 Politics 6 Politics 7 Arizona: Steiger majority of the GOP vote, Steiger was the winner by about 8,500 votes. This was more than enough to cancel Conlan's Defeats Conlan edge in southern Arizona and his 1,100 vote majority in Sikes Renominated: Pima County (Tucson). The Democratic primary was largely overshadowed by A bitter campaign clouded by personal animosity and the Republican feuding, but DeConcini goes into the charges of anti-Semitism ended Sept. 7 as Arizona general election with at least an even chance to win. He Florida: Grady Wins GOP Senate Nomination Republicans chose U.S. Rep. Sam Steiger to run for the carried every county except small Apache in the northeast Senate seat being vacated by incumbent Republican Paul corner of the state, winning over Warner by nearly 18,000 in John L. Grady swamped two other Senate candidates no political experience in 1974 when he nearly upset Burke. J. Fannin. Steiger defeated U.S. Rep. John B. Conlan by Maricopa and by 19,000 in Pima, his home base. Warner in Florida's Sept. 7 primary to win the Republican nomina- The runoff could be close. fewer than 10,000 votes. He faces a difficult contest in the needed a strong showing in the Phoenix area to have any tion to oppose Democrat Lawton Chiles in November. All Democrats also believe their chances are good in the 5th general election against Democrat Dennis DeConcini, the chance, but her campaign suffered from a late start and House incumbents seeking renomination won it, including District against first-term Republican Rep. Richard Kelly, former Pima County (Tucson) attorney who resigned to poor organization. veteran Democrat Robert L. F. Sikes, who was reprimanded but first they must have a runoff. JoAnn Saunders, who lost make the race. DeConcini won the Democratic nomination The House seats vacated by Steiger and Conlan could by the House for financial misconduct in July. (Florida out- to Kelly by 11,300 votes in 1974, came within about 50 votes by almost 50,000 votes over Carolyn Warner, the state go to either party. Steiger's 3rd District will have a battle look, Weekly Report p. 2353) of winning a majority in the five-candidate Democratic superintendent of public instruction, and Wade Church, a between two conservative state senators, Democrat Bob Grady, who had been expected to win, received two- primary. Her opponent in the runoff is Miller Newton, who former state attorney general. (Arizona outlook, Weekly Stump and Republican Fred Koory. Stump had been the thirds of the vote against State Sen. Walter Sims and at- trailed Saunders Sept. 7 by nearly 20,000 votes. Newton Report p. 2324) early favorite for his party's nomination, but took less than torney Helen S. Hansel. A member of the national board of benefitted in the primary from several newspaper en- In the Republican contest, the deciding factor may one-third of the vote in a five-way race. Koory won easily the John Birch Society, Grady was the American Party can- dorsements and from the surprising failure of an expensive have been the endorsement of Steiger by Sen. Barry over Don Aldridge, a Mohave County commissioner. In the didate for the Senate in 1974. He received 15.5 per cent that advertising campaign by Sidney L. Vihlen Jr. Goldwater, who accused Conlan of trying to make an issue 4th District, Democrat Tony Mason won his primary by a year against Sen. Richard (Dick) Stone (D) and Republican of the fact that Steiger is Jewish. Conlan has close ties with comfortable margin over blind State Rep. Craig E. Davids. Jack M. Eckerd. Grady is a physician in Belle Glade. Christian fundamentalist groups and he frequently men- He will face Republican Eldon Rudd, a Maricopa County In the 8th District, six Democrats and four Republicans Close Call tioned the need to involve Christians actively in politics. He supervisor who defeated a state corporation commissioner, competed for the seat of retiring Democratic Rep. James A. Democratic Rep. Don Fuqua had a close call in the struck back at the endorsement with statements hinting Ernest Garfield. Haley. The Democratic winner, with about 150 votes more three-man 2nd District primary. Until the absentee ballots that Goldwater drank too much. The campaign ended with The two incumbents seeking re-election, Democrat than the required majority, was Andy Ireland. The wealthy were counted, giving Fuqua about 200 votes more than a the GOP badly split and Conlan refusing to concede defeat Morris K. Udall and Republican House Minority Leader banker made use of experienced political consultants and majority, it appeared that he would be in a runoff with or talk to the press. John J. Rhodes, were renominated easily over weak op- extensive advertising. Ireland led his closest rival, conser- Russell R. Bevis. A former mayor of Tallahassee, Bevis Steiger and Conlan each carried the small rural coun- position. Udall is a shoo-in in November, while Rhodes is vative State Rep. Ray Mattox, by 9,600 votes. ties in his own congressional district. In Maricopa County favored in a rematch with Democrat Pat Fullinwider, who relied heavily on television advertising. Fuqua is assured of (Phoenix), a constituency they share and one which casts a gave him a close race in 1974. Runoff Ahead his eighth term. He has no Republican opponent. -By Matt Pinkus First District Democrats overwhelmingly approved SENATET The Republican primary in the 8th resulted in a runoff Sikes, 70, despite charges by his young opponent, John J. to be held Sept. 28 between State Rep. Robert Johnson and Benton Jr., that Sikes would be ineffective in Congress District Location Candidate Residence Age Occupation Votes Per Cent Joe Z. Lovingood. Johnson led by 3,000 votes over because of the reprimand. The House on July 29 voted 381-3 Lovingood, who ran against Haley three times without Wade Church (D) Phoenix to reprimand Sikes for financial misconduct. Sikes has no 67 Former state attorney general 34,138 15.1 Dennis DeConcini (D)* Tucson 39 Former Pima County attorney 121,002 53.4 success. Registered Democrats outnumber Republicans Republican opponent. (Reprimand, Weekly Report, p. Carolyn Warner (D) Phoenix 46 Superintendent of public two-to-one in the district, but voters there frequently sup- 2027) instruction 71,343 31.5 port GOP candidates in statewide elections. Rep. L.A. (Skip) Bafalis (R), of the 10th District will In the 12th District, where Democrats believe they have John B. Conlan (R) Paradise Valley 45 U.S. representative again meet Democrat Bill Sikes, winner of a three-man 92,812 47.5 Sam Steiger (R)* Prescott 47 U.S. representative 102,506 52.5 a good chance of defeating Republican Rep. J. Herbert primary. Sikes (no relation to Robert Sikes) ran against Burke, the field of eight was narrowed to a runoff between Bafalis in 1972 and drew 38 per cent of the vote. Against HOUSET Anne L. Kolb and Charles Friedman. Kolb, who led the another Democrat in 1974, Bafalis took 73.7 per cent. 1 Southern Phoenix, Tempe, Democratic primary by about 3,500 votes, is a county com- Mesa Pat Fullinwider (D)* Tempe 35 Housewife Unopposed missioner with liberal views. Friedman is a dentist who had -By James R. Wagner John J. Rhodes (R)* Mesa 60 Incumbent 36,962 76.9 Louis E. Stradling (R) Mesa 59 City councilman 11,121 23.1 SENATE 2 South-Tuscon Ruben Romero (D) Tucson 41 City councilman 14,181 21.4 Morris K. Udall (D)* Tucson 54 Incumbent 52,238 78.6 Candidate Residence Age Occupation Votes Per Cent Laird Guttersen (R)* Tucson 51 Management consultant Unopposed Lawton Chiles (D)* Lakeland 46 Incumbent Unopposed 3 Western Phoenix, Glendale, Tony Gabaldon (D) Flagstaff 45 State senator 10,573 18.9 Walter Sims (R) Orlando 53 State senator 70,995 30.2 Yuma Max Klass (D) Glendale 49 Former mayor 6,352 11.4 John L. Grady (R)* Belle Glade 46 Physician 157,846 67.1 Joe Eddie Lopez (D) Phoenix 36 Maricopa county supervisor 7,297 13.0 Sid Rosen (D) Phoenix 37 Lawyer 14,193 25.4 Helen S. Hansel (R) St. Petersburg 54 Lawyer 6,247 2.7 Bob Stump (D)* Tolleson 49 State senate president 17,524 31.3 HOUSE# Don Aldridge (R) Lake Havasu City 38 Mohave County supervisor 18,766 36.5 District Location Candidate Residence Age Occupation Votes Per Cent Fred Koory Jr. (R)* Glendale 36 State senator 32,626 63.5 1 Northwest-Pensacola, Robert L. F. Sikes (D)* Crestview 70 Incumbent 84,467 73.7 4 East-Northern Phoenix Craig E. Davids (D) Coolidge 57 State representative 26,679 46.6 Panama City John J. Benton Jr. (D) Panama City 26 Former Commerce Dept. economist 30,104 26.3 Tony Mason (D)* Phoenix 37 Lawyer 30,619 53.4 Ernest Garfield (R) Phoenix 2 North-Tallahassee, Russell R. Bevis (D) Tallahassee 50 Insurance executive 41,587 32.4 44 State corporation commissioner 22,273 41.2 Fountain Hills Gainesville Don Fuqua (D)* Altha 43 Incumbent Arch DiRoberts (R) 64,416 50.2 Former policeman 3,837 7.1 Eldon Rudd (R)* Scottsdale Jack Armstrong (D) Tallahassee 32 Former education official 22,375 17.4 56 Maricopa County supervisor 27,989 51.7 *Nominee Nearly complete returns 3 Northeast-Jacksonville Charles E. Bennett (D)* Jacksonville 66 Incumbent Unopposed Nearly complete returns Nominee COPYAIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2470-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL OUARTERLY INC Reproduction proh bited whole or part except by editor clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2471 Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial Clients Politics 8 Politics 9 District Location Candidate Residence Age Occupation Votes Per Cent Georgia Runoff executive secretary to former Gov. Carl Sanders (D 1963- 4 67), is thought to be more liberal than the incumbent, while Northeast-Daytona Beach Bill Chappell Jr. (D)* Ocala 54 Incumbent 52,890 66.4 J. Townley (D) Padgett is a conservative and former aide to Lester G. Mad- Candler 18,992 23.8 Georgia Democrats in three congressional districts Tommy Boney (D) dox, the controversial ex-governor and lieutenant governor. Keystone Heights 39 Park superintendent 7,788 9.8 preferred moderate candidates in the Aug. 31 primary Padgett depended on rural votes, and carried 14 of the 21 5 West Central-Clearwater, Don T. Reynolds (D) Sanford 41 High school principal 7,529 10.7 runoffs as they chose replacements for three retiring House counties in the district. But Barnard received a 7,000-vote Orlando James E. Sursely (D) Maitland 28 Vietnam veteran 3,094 members. Two of the winners are assured of election in 4.4 margin in Atlanta and Augusta, enough for a 2,799-vote JoAnn Saunders (D)t Orlando 42 Former businesswoman 34,982 49.8 November; the third faces a potentially strong Republican district-wide plurality. Sidney L. Vihlen Jr. (D) Altamonte Springs 35 Seminole County commissioner 9,536 13.6 opponent in the general election. (Primary results, Weekly Barnard has no Republican opposition on the Miller Newton (D)t Lutz 37 Pinellas-Pasco Circuit Court clerk 15,053 21.5 Report p. 2199) November ballot. In the 8th District (South central-Macon, Waycross) Richard Kelly (R)* New Port Richey 52 Incumbent Unopposed vacated by five term Rep. W.S. (Bill) Stuckey, the runoff 6 West-St. Petersburg Gabriel Cazares (D)* between two Georgia state representatives was won by Billy Clearwater 56 Mayor Unopposed Connecticut Results Lee Evans, 34, of Macon. He received 54,055 votes (51.7%) C. W. Bill Young (R)* St. Petersburg 45 Incumbent Unopposed in nearly complete returns to 50,582 (48.3%) for Wash Geoffrey Peterson won a mild upset victory in Connec- Larsen, 48, of rural Dublin. The outcome reversed the result ticut's 4th District Democratic U.S. House primary, Sept. 7, 7 West-Tampa Sam Gibbons (D)* Tampa 56 Incumbent Unopposed of the primary, in which Larsen had led by several thousand earning the chance to challenge Republican incumbent votes with heavy rural support. Dusty Owens (R)* Stewart B. McKinney in the fall. The 4th District Tampa 46 Businessman Unopposed In the runoff, however, Evans managed to put together Democratic race was the only contest in the state primary. a diverse coalition. He was endorsed by two opponents 8 West Central-Lakeland, Ray Mattox (D) Winter Haven 49 State representative 15,710 22.3 There was no primary battle in either party for the Senate or Sarasota eliminated in the primary, one of them a conservative William Willner (D) Sarasota 50 State consumer official 1,249 1.8 for the other five House seats. Andy Ireland (D)* member of the John Birch Society, but he also courted and Winter Haven 46 Banker 35,326 50.2 Peterson, 30, a former administrative assistant to Sen. T. David Burns (D) Lakeland 48 won a majority of the district's black voters. Larsen was Lawyer 3,338 4.7 Abraham Ribicoff, defeated Charles B. Tisdale by a margin William A. Hartman (D) Sarasota Marketing executive 3,206 4.6 reportedly helped by Stuckey and several of Stuckey's con- of 1,122 votes. Complete but unofficial returns showed Jerome Pratt (D) Palmetto Lawyer 11,522 16.4 gressional staff aides, but the rural turnout was too low to Peterson with 8,788 votes (53.4 per cent) to Tisdale's 7,666 overcome an 11,000-vote Evans plurality in Bibb County David M. Molthrop (R) votes (46.6 per cent). Lakeland 61 Business executive 2,037 6.7 (Macon). Robert Johnson (R)t Sarasota 41 Tisdale, 43, a black and a former director of State representative 14,354 47.7 In the general election, Evans will be favored over a Joe Z. Lovingood (R)t Sarasota 51 Realtor, building supply dealer 11,348 37.7 Bridgeport's anti-poverty program, had won the support of well-known Republican candidate, Billy Adams, 48, also Lex Taylor (R) Lakeland 2,369 7.9 the party organization at the district convention in July, from Macon. Adams is a petroleum distributor and a former making him a slight favorite when the campaign began. But 9 East Central-Melbourne, Joseph A. Rosier (D)* Winter Park state senator. 39 Maitland municipal judge 25,572 69.2 The runoff in the northern 9th District was not much of Peterson campaigned aggressively and carried most of the Orlando Frank J. Dama (D) Orlando 57 Company president 11,399 30.8 a contest. The Democratic nominee there will be Ed major communities in the district, including Bridgeport, Tisdale's home base. Lou Frey Jr. (R)* Orlando 42 Incumbent Unopposed Jenkins, 43, a former aide to retiring Rep. Phil M. Landrum McKinney ran unopposed in the Republican primary and law partner of Landrum's son. He received 58,905 votes 10 South Central-Fort Robert F. Culpepper (D) and is seeking his fourth term in the House. Jupiter 44 County commissioner 21,002 28.9 (55.1%) to 47,963 votes (44.9%) for his runoff opponent. Pierce, Myers G. W. Jerry Bowers (D) Stuart Sen. Lowell P. Weicker Jr. (R) was unopposed for 47 Writer, photographer 14,400 19.8 Jenkins defeated J. Albert Minish, a conservative dentist Bill Sikes (D)* Clewiston 33 Life insurance agent renomination to the Senate. His Democratic challenger, 37,312 51.3 and former mayor of Commerce, winning 14 of the district's also unopposed in the primary, will be Secretary of State L.A. (Skip) Bafalis (R)* 23 counties, including populous Gwinnett in the Atlanta Ft. Meyers Beach 46 Incumbent Unopposed Gloria Schaffer. suburbs. Minish won his home county of Jackson and 11 Southeast-West Palm Paul G. Rogers (D)* West Palm Beach 55 Incumbent several others in the southeast part of the district. Jenkins Unopposed Beach, Pompano Beach has token opposition in November from Republican Louise Wofford. North Dakota Results 12 Southeast-Fort Lauder- John Lomelo Jr. (D) Sunrise 48 Mayor-administrator 4,988 11.3 dale, Hollywood The closest race in the state was in the 10th District, Frederick Lippman (D) Hollywood 41 Pharmacist 4,421 10.0 Charles Friedman (D)t Hollywood 41 Dentist dominated by the cities of Athens and Augusta, where a Richard Elkin won a lopsided victory in the Republican 8,694 19.6 Andrew DeGraffenreidt (D) Ft. Lauderdale 48 Educator 5,044 11.4 successor was chosen for retiring Rep. Robert G. Stephens gubernatorial primary and Lloyd B. Omdahl triumphed in Art Barker (D) Ft. Lauderdale 5,092 11.5 Jr. In final unofficial returns, Doug Barnard, 54, executive the Democratic U.S. House race-the only two contests in Joseph K. O'Brien (D) Ft. Lauderdale 2,204 4.9 vice president of the Georgia Railroad Bank in Augusta, the Sept. 7 North Dakota primary. Elkin's win matches him Anne L. Kolb (D)t Plantation 44 County commissioner 12,139 27.4 received 43,294 votes (51.7%) to 40,495 votes (48.3%) for against Democratic Gov. Arthur A. Link, who was unop- Bill Brown (D) Lauderdale Lakes 1,715 3.9 Mike Padgett, 52, a former state senator. Barnard, former posed in his party's primary. Omdahl faces the Republican incumbent, Mark Andrews, who was also unopposed. J. Herbert Burke (R)* Hollywood 63 Incumbent Unopposed The easy victories recorded by Elkin and Omdahl were 13 Northern Miami and William Lehman (D)* Miami 44 anticipated. Both had gained the endorsement of their par- Incumbent 35,981 71.3 suburbs Robert Renick (D) Miami 42 TV production and lighting ty's state convention and faced nominal primary opposition. 7,653 15.2 Dick Watson (D) Miami 60 Golf equipment sales 1,175 2.3 Elkin, 43, chairman of the state's public service com- E.C. (Mike) Ackerman (D) Miami 5,626 11.2 mission, defeated his lone opponent, Herb Geving, a former member of the state legislature, by a margin of more than 4- Lee Arnold Spiegelman (R)* Miami Shores 49 Attorney-business executive Unopposed 1. Nearly complete returns showed Elkin with 46,210 votes (81.9 per cent) to Geving's 10,201 votes (18.1 per cent). 14 Central Miami and suburbs Claude Pepper (D)* Miami 76 Incumbent Unopposed Omdahl, 45, the state director of accounts and Herbert J. Hoodwin (R) Coral Gables purchases, was drafted by. Democratic leaders who felt his 55 Consulting engineer-general contractor 2,340 42.8 Evelio S. Estrella (R)* Miami presence on the ticket would help Gov. Link and the party's 3,133 57.2 legislative candidates. Omdahl won his primary contest 15 Southern Miami, Monroe Dante B. Fascell (D)* Miami 59 Incumbent Unopposed handily over Torfin A. Teigen. Nearly complete returns County gave Omdahl a more than 6-1 lead, with 39,356 votes (86.2 Paul R. Cobb (R)* Miami 29 *Nominee Former college instructor Unopposed Billy Lee Evans Doug Barnard per cent) to Teigen's 6,302 votes (13.8 per cent). I +Runoff Sept. 28 PAGE 2472-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2473 Politics 10 Politics 11 Jackson Safe: Wyoming Washington House Candidates There is little suspense about the congressional Washington: Scramble to Succeed Evans District Democrats Republicans primaries coming up in Wyoming Sept. 14. Both parties will be nominating candidates for the Senate and for the House, 1 Carl Viking Holman *Joel Pritchard but there are certain winners in each case. The major contest in Washington's Sept. 21 primary is Dave Wood amounts of campaign funds. As a scientist and former Democratic Sen. Gale W. McGee has no primary 2 for the governorship, with close contests expected in both chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, she has no Don Lenderman John Nance Garner opposition in his bid for a fourth term. State Sen. major parties. Democratic Sen. Henry M. Jackson, whose previous involvement in state issues, but her apolitical im- *Lloyd Meeds Malcolm Wallop, 43, of Big Horn, is the overwhelming 3 presidential ambitions were shot down in the early age appears to be a solid asset in a year when voters are *Don Bonker Richard F. Dideon favorite in the Republican primary. His two opponents are primaries, is certain to be re-nominated and re-elected over seeking new kinds of candidates. Ray's campaign has Chuck Elhart Doyle Henry, 49, a salesman from Casper, and Nels T. Lar- token opposition. In House races, Democrats are choosing developed late; she recently shuffled her staff and placed 4 *Mike McCormack Bruce Cone son, 63, a Lutheran minister from Casper. Henry was a can- the likely successor to retiring Rep. Floyd V. Hicks in the more emphasis on voter contact and mailings, symbols of Dick Granger didate in the 1972 Democratic Senate primary and finished 6th District primary, while Republicans are targeting the more traditional politics she has not practiced up to James C. May second in a field of five, drawing 18.6 per cent of the vote. Democrats Mike McCormack and Lloyd Meeds for defeat in 5 *Thomas S. Foley now. #Charles Kimball On the House side, Democratic Rep. Teno Roncalio has the general election. Uhlman, the mayor of Seattle, is hoping to overcome 6 Norman D. Dicks Jeff G. Prosser minor primary opposition from Al Hamburg, a 44-year-old the Ray phenomenon with heavy spending and an appeal to Gordon N. Johnston Robert M. Reynolds Torrington house painter who ran for the Republican Senate liberals who dislike Ray's conservative image, advocacy of Jim O'Donnell George Van Buskirk nomination unsuccessfully in 1972 and 1974. The un- nuclear power and lack of experience in state politics. He Jim Nicholls challenged Republican candidate is Larry Hart of Powell, has worked hard to increase his recognition in the vast ex- Mike Parker Incumbent. Henry M. Jackson (D), 64, of Everett, is who resigned as a Navy lieutenant in order to challenge panse of eastern Washington where a big city mayor is or- Eugene W. Wiegman Roncalio. seeking a fifth term. 7 dinarily suspect. Despite his liberal image, Uhlman has *Brock Adams William M. Champion Democrats. Jackson; Paul Gumbel of Seattle; Dennis The fall campaigns will be more exciting. Both Ron- been tough on municipal unions in labor negotiations. He Jack May Raymond Pritchard (Hitch Hiker) Kelley of Seattle. calio and McGee begin the campaign as favorites, but was the target of a recall effort last year sponsored by the Incumbent Republicans. George M. Brown of Renton; Will Davis McGee has a formidable challenger in Wallop, who sought of Seattle; Warren E. Hanson of Bellingham; Henry C. city's firemen. His stance was overwhelmingly sustained by Deceased the GOP gubernatorial nomination in 1974 and came within Seattle's voters. 400 votes of winning it with a late-starting campaign keyed Neilsen of Seattle; Wilbur R. Parkin of Centralia; and Uhlman is believed to trail Ray by a small margin, but to environmental protection. Roncalio, the only Democrat Clarice L.R. Privette of Spokane. both appear to be well ahead of Durning, a lawyer who has elected to the House from Wyoming since World War II, was Outlook. Despite the large field of primary candidates, been stressing environmental issues. Durning has been cam- Washington, D.C., job with the Grocery Manufacturers of the Senate race effectively ended in May, when Jackson a narrow victor in 1970 and 1972 before winning comfortably paigning the longest and has been spending heavily, but America earlier this year to organize a campaign, but is not two years ago in a strong Democratic year. abandoned his active pursuit of the Democratic presidential does not appear to have moved close to the leaders. Durning given much chance to overtake Granger. The third can- nomination. Republican Slade Gorton, the popular state at- was endorsed in August by the Washington Education didate, Bruce Cone, is an economist from Kennewick. torney general, and Democratic Rep. Brock Adams of Association. Seattle had been waging a shadow campaign for the seat up 6th District (Puget Sound-Bremerton, Tacoma) Filing Completed to then. They dropped out to seek re-election to their The Republican race is an ideological struggle between current offices. competing wings of the state party. Spellman represents the Incumbent Floyd V. Hicks (D), 61, is quitting the Jackson has token opposition in his own primary, and moderate Republicanism of Evans, whose faction House after six terms to seek a seat on the state supreme Delaware the Republican field consists of political neophytes and dominated the party until recently. His reputation is that of court. The district is heavily Democratic, and Hicks' There were no primaries for the governorship or con- perennial office-seekers. Republican sources in Washington an efficient executive but a colorless campaigner in contrast probable successor should emerge from a six-man primary. gressional races in Delaware this year. Democratic Gov. believe the party's nominee will be either George M. Brown, with Hoppe, an aggressive and controversial conservative. If campaign spending decides the race, the winner may Sherman W. Tribbitt will be opposed by Republican U.S. 40, of Renton, a pilot for United Airlines, or Henry C. Both hold countywide office in Seattle. The conservatives be Norman D. Dicks, 35, of Port Orchard, who was the ad- Rep. Pierre S. (Pete) du Pont and two minor candidates, Nielsen of Seattle, a life insurance underwriter. Neither one now control the machinery of the state party, but Spellman ministrative assistant to Sen. Warren G. Magnuson for George W. Cripps of the American Party and Harry Conner has any chance in a general election, and Jackson's victory is considered the slight favorite. He is also thought to be three years until he resigned to start a campaign here. Dicks of the Prohibition Party. In the Senate race, Republican more electable in a statewide race. margin may exceed the 82.4 per cent he received in 1970. is receiving support from labor and many of the special in- Sen. William V. Roth Jr. faces Democrat Thomas C. Washington voters do not register by party, 80 terest groups he and Magnuson dealt with over the years. Maloney, American Party candidate Donald G. Geis and crossovers could further confuse the outlook in a contest He raised more than $60,000 through June. Prohibition candidate John Massimilli. There will be six Governor that still appears volatile in both parties. The other candidates lack Dicks' ability to tap outside candidates for the state's at-large seat in the House of contributors, but several have substantial campaign chests Representatives-Republican Thomas B. Evans Jr., Incumbent. Daniel J. Evans (R), 50, is retiring after 12 4th District (Central-Yakima, Vancouver) of their own and more recent visibility in the district. The Democratic and GOP nominees will be joined on the years in office. Republicans are gearing up for another effort to oust most aggressive campaign is being waged by Mike Parker, American Party, Raymond Green of the Prohibition Party, Republicans. John Spellman, 49, of Seattle, the King Democratic Rep. Mike McCormack, 54, of Richland, who is 29, a state representative and pharmaceuticals salesman Joseph B. Hollon of the Socialist Labor Party, and Philip County executive; Harley Hoppe, 45, of Mercer Island, the seeking a fourth term. McCormack has never won by large from Tacoma who contributed nearly $20,000 to his own ef- Valenti of the U.S. Labor Party. King County assessor; John (Hugo Frye) Patric of margins and is not popular with environmental lobbying fort, announcing that it was an inheritance from his grand- Snohomish; Carl D. Ricketts of Fall City; Emmett Watson, groups. mother. Parker has been an active legislator, but opponents Hawaii 56, a Seattle restaurant owner. The candidate who could give McCormack a tough con- have criticized him as a publicity-seeker who prefers media A flood of candidates joined the Hawaii Senate race Democrats. Dixy Lee Ray, 61, of Fox Island, former test in the general election is Dick Granger, a county com- attention to legislative success. before the Aug. 18 filing deadlines, and three minor parties chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (1973-74) and missioner from Clark County (Vancouver) at the southern Gordon N. Johnson, 58, the mayor of Tacoma for eight also qualified for the general election. former U.S. assistant secretary of state (1974-75); Wes end of the district. Granger, a moderate Republican, spent years, has not been as active but is expected to benefit from The major Democratic candidates are U.S. Reps. Patsy Uhlman, 41, the mayor of Seattle; Marvin Durning, 47, a over $20,000 in the first half of the year building a campaign his wide recognition in the district's largest city. However, T. Mink and Spark M. Matsunaga. Also on the primary Seattle lawyer; Duke Stockton of Olympia. organization. He is a solid favorite to take the GOP nomina- that base vote must be shared with Parker and Eugene W. ballot are Floyd C. Loving, Nathan N. Napoleon and Outlook. Both parties have sharply contested tion over two more conservative challengers. Granger Wiegman, 46, a former president of Pacific Lutheran Kamuela Price. On the Republican side, former Gov. primaries to succeed Evans, but voters are just beginning to received a $5,000 contribution in June from the League of University. Wiegman is considered somewhat more conser- William F. Quinn is opposed by Spencer J. Cabral. The take notice of the campaign even though the candidates Conservation Voters Campaign Fund. vative than the others. Democratic and GOP nominees will be joined on the have been on the stump for months. The biggest surprise One of Granger's opponents, James C. May, 30, is the The favorite for the Republican nomination in a three- November ballot by Rockne Johnson of the Libertarian Par- thus far has been Ray's strong showing in a variety of public son of former Republican Rep. Catherine May (R 1959-71), way primary is Robert M. Reynolds, a Tacoma lawyer. - ty, James D. Kimmel of the Non-partisan Party and opinion polls despite her lack of organization or large who was beaten by McCormack six years ago. He quit his -By Matt Pinkus Anthony N. Hodges of the People's Party. PAGE 2474-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole part except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2475 Health/Education/Welfare 2 House Votes Changes "Pass Through" of Benefit Increases Health/Education/Welfare By a 317-52 vote, the House easily adopted the amend- ment ensuring that federal cost-of-living increases in SSI In SSI Program Aiding benefits actually would end up in the pockets of recipients. The amendment, sponsored by Donald M. Fraser (D Minn.) Conferees Still Stalled Aged, Blind, Disabled and Majority Leader Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. (D Mass.), il- The House conferees then rejected two proposed com- lustrated the complexities of the SSI program. (Vote 508, promises offered by Rep. David R. Obey (D Wis.), again on Weekly Report p. 2440) On Abortion Provision the grounds that they would allow too much leeway for While sidestepping broader welfare "reform" measures, Like Social Security payments, basic federal SSI HEW. the 94th Congress is moving in its waning days to make life a benefits are adjusted automatically on July 1 of each year to Finally the conferees agreed only to meet again, on Of Labor-HEW Funds Bill little easier for the more than four million needy aged, blind reflect cost-of-living increases. On July 1, 1976, the basic Sept. 13, to take another crack at compromise. In the mean- and disabled persons qualifying for welfare assistance under federal SSI payment rose to $167.80 a month from $157.70 time Senate conference chairman Warren G. Magnuson (D the federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. for an individual with no offsetting income and to $251.80 The $56.6-billion fiscal 1977 Labor-HEW Wash.) agreed to poll senators who were absent when the Legislation (HR 8911) pending before the Senate from $236.60 for a couple. appropriations bill (HR 14232) remained hung up on the vote was taken on the House-backed compromise proposal, Finance Committee after House passage Aug. 30 would More than half the states, however, choose to supple- issue of abortion Sept. 9, as a House-Senate conference an action not expected to change the outcome of the vote. make numerous seemingly technical changes in the SSI ment federal SSI benefits with their own funds, so actual committee failed for the second time to resolve the impasse. Despite the seeming obstinacy of both sides, members program that would make it simpler for many persons to payments are higher. Rather than "pass through" the At issue was a House-passed amendment which would remained confident that some kind of compromise could be qualify for benefits and guarantee future benefit increases to federal cost-of-living increase in benefits, many of these ban the use of federal funds in the bill to pay for or to reached. Brooke predicted that the House members would all. Many of the changes were fashioned by the House Ways states have decided to reduce their state supplements by a promote abortions. The Senate struck the language from the agree to soften their language rather than risk killing the en- and Means Committee, which reported the bill May 27. corresponding amount. So despite a federal benefit increase, bill, and when conferees were unable to agree on a middle tire bill. (Committee action, provisions, Weekly Report p. 1508) an elderly SSI recipient would see no increase in his benefit ground in August, both houses voted to insist on their The result would present a difficult choice for President The legislation represents the first congressional fine- check. positions and asked the conferees to meet again. (Earlier Ford, who would then have to decide whether to sign or veto tuning of the SSI program, begun in 1974 as a federal The Fraser-O'Neill amendment barred states from story, Weekly Report p. 2344) a bill which was $4-billion over his budget but which also replacement for more than 1,000 state and local assistance reducing their supplements after July 1977, guaranteeing a As about 50 anti-abortion demonstrators, carrying carried an anti-abortion amendment. Ford had made a programs partially supported by the federal government. "pass through" of the annual federal increase. Debate roses, waited outside, the conferees rejected four different campaign issue out of his opposition to abortion. The federalized program has been plagued by payment highlights follow: compromise proposals. Brooke and other Republicans predicted that the errors, delays in processing applications and other ad- On a 7-2 vote, the Senate conferees turned down a budget-minded President would nevertheless veto the bill. ministrative problems, but the Department of Health, PRO: Supporters of the amendment argued that it was proposal by the House to retain the anti-abortion amend- In order to have an opportunity to override the expected Education and Welfare (HEW) has instituted many correc- unfair to deny the needy a tiny increase in benefits that ment with additional language to permit abortions if a birth veto before its scheduled Oct. 2 adjournment date, Congress tive steps. (Background, Weekly Report p. 1508) could make an important difference in their meager would endanger the life of the mother. will have to send the bill to the President by Sept. 21. I HR 8911 also addressed these problems, providing for budgets. Sen. Edward W. Brooke (R Mass.), who led the opposi- -By Thomas P. Southwick emergency replacement of improperly drawn or lost benefit "When I voted for the annual cost-of-living increase for tion to the House proposal, said it did not go far enough. checks and immediate payment of benefits to some in- the SSI beneficiaries," noted O'Neill, "I did not intend it to Brooke argued that the amendment would not permit dividuals while their applications were being processed. Key go into the state treasuries payments for abortions where a birth presented a risk of per- Ford Signs Bill Increasing provisions added by the full House offered more federal aid After reading about the federal increase, added John L. manent injury to the mother or where the pregnancy had for rehabilitation of disabled preschool children, guaranteed Burton (D Calif.), the elderly could not understand why resulted from rape or incest. The House conferees then rejected a proposal offered by Aid to Day Care Centers that recipients actually would receive federal cost-of-living their benefit checks remained the same. "They want the ad- increases in basic SSI benefits and made it easier for ditional money," he said. "It may be $7 or $10 or $15 but Sen. Ted Stevens (R Alaska) which would have allowed recipients owning homes to continue to qualify for benefits. when they get their paycheck, it is the same old paycheck." payments for abortions where the "physical or mental Faced with probable congressional rejection of a second health" of the mother was in jeopardy or where the veto, President Ford Sept. 7 signed legislation (HR The administration generally supported most of the James C. Corman (D Calif.), acting chairman of the 12455-PL 94-401) providing $240-million in new federal provisions of the bill. It objected to its extension of the SSI Ways and Means Public Assistance Subcommittee, con- pregnancy had resulted from rape or incest. program to Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands, the ceded that the amendment might be inconsistent with the Rep. Silvio O. Conte (R Mass.) said such an exemption support for day care centers for the poor. In May, Congress most expensive provision of the bill. The administration philosophy of the SSI program, which eventually was sup- would provide too much leeway for the Department of sustained a veto of an earlier version of the bill. (Weekly Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) to define what was Report p. 1115) also had opposed the House-added amendment guarantee- posed to provide adequate federal benefit levels without With an eye to Democratic criticism of his long list of ing that SSI recipients would get federal cost-of-living in- state supplements. But arguing in favor of the amendment, likely to endanger the physical or mental health of the creases. Corman added, "Of course, SSI recipients cannot eat vetoes, Ford contended that his first veto had forced philosophy." Congress to develop a more responsible bill. "Without this constitutional check and balance," he said, "the original House Floor Action Others contended that the federal government must act The decision to allow federal to guarantee receipt of the increases because state bill might now be law and making day care services more governments had proved insensitive to the needs of payments for abortions was made costly to the taxpayer and increasing the federal intrusion The House passed the bill on Aug. 30 by a 374-3 vote recipients. by "some long-haired, striped- into family life." after adopting most floor amendments to the measure on "These are the people least likely to rally on the steps of The President opposed the first bill primarily because Aug. 26. (Vote 509, Weekly Report p. 2440) pants clerk at HEW." the state capitol," argued Patsy T. Mink (D Hawaii). "They it would have imposed federal staffing standards on day Before approving the bill, the House agreed to a Ways are among the most likely to have their urgent human needs -Rep. Daniel J. Flood (D Pa.) care centers serving children from low-income families. He and Means Committee substitute (HR 15080) that added ignored argued that such standards should be set by the states. one provision not included by the committee in HR 8911. HR 12455 postponed imposition of the staffing stan- The provision, sponsored by Martha Keys (D Kan.), CON: Opponents of the amendment contended that it mother. "HEW's interpretation would totally emasculate dards until Oct. 1, 1977, pending completion of a govern- allowed persons, such as the mentally retarded, living in would devastate the basic philosophical underpinnings of a the amendment," Conte said. ment study. It also provided the additional $240-million community-based homes with no more than 16 residents to federalized SSI program. And Rep. Daniel J. Flood (D Pa.), chairman of the through that date to help states make general im- qualify for SSI benefits. Congress designed the SSI program to provide a basic House conferees, charged that the original decision to allow provements in their day care programs. (Final congressional In general, the bill won the warm support of both federal minimum level of benefits, Guy Vander Jagt federal payments for abortions had been made by "some action, Weekly Report p. 2345) Democrats and Republicans on the Ways and Means Com- (Mich.), ranking Republican on the Public Assistance Sub- long-haired, striped-pants clerk at HEW." Ford said he had "serious reservations" about the mittee. Committee members split, however, over the floor committee, pointed out. It allowed states to decide for Flood argued that the issue of pregnancies resulting amount of extra funding provided by the bill. But heavy amendments guaranteeing SSI recipients benefit increases themselves whether they had the resources to supplement from rape or incent was "so remote that its consideration is Republican support in Congress for the measure weighed and increasing federal assistance to disabled preschool benefits above levels offered under their old programs in academic." against a second veto eight weeks before election day. children. 1973. In contrast to this philosophy, Vander Jagt argued, PAGE 2476-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction proh whole or except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2477 Health/Education/Welfare 3 the amendment would make state supplements a perma- Ketchum and Herbert E. Harris II (D Va.) argued that nent feature of the program. it was unfair to take away SSI benefits just because the "Please understand, no recipient across the country house an elderly person may have lived in all his life had in- Law Enforcement and Judiciary loses [benefits] if we vote down the Fraser amendment,' creased in value due to inflation or other real estate factors. added William A. Steiger (R Wis.). "But the federal govern- To get around existing law, Ketchum noted, many elderly ment will lose. The concept of a federalized program will be people had to give their homes, if only in name, to their undone if this is adopted." children. Specifically, Steiger argued, the amendment, in effect, At the same time, Ketchum and Harris maintained would mandate uneven benefit payments across the that the change would not allow elderly persons living in House Votes One-Year plans for use of the funds. "We are limiting the appropriate country, a return to the old welfare programs for the aged, "mansions" to qualify for SSI benefits because the income discretion of the administrator with respect to the expen- blind and disabled. Because of another quirk in the law, he they must have to pay property taxes on palatial houses noted, the federal share of these payments would remain LEAA Extension, 324-8 diture of discretionary funds he said, "even though the would disqualify them for the program. plans are not ready and probably will not be ready for the disproportionately high in three states-his own, Republicans raised no objections to the amendment, prudent expenditure of the funds." Massachusetts and Hawaii. which carried an estimated first-year cost of $5-million to With the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Supporting the amendment, Conyers argued that "The taxpayers of 47 states will be paying dollars to $7-million. The amendment replaced a section of the com- (LEAA) slated to expire Sept. 30, the House voted Sept. 2 to money should be set aside for courts "for the simple reason solve the problem in those three states...," Vander Jagt mittee bill that would have allowed HEW to use the extend the controversial agency, but held to the decision of that our courts are in trouble and the judges clearly do not complained. purchase price of a home as its value. HEW said this its Judiciary Committee that the extension be limited to have the political clout to receive the kind of funding that Opponents' arguments carried little weight in an elec- approach would pose administrative problems. one year. (Committee report, Weekly Report p. 1347) would come out of the discretionary fund." tion year, even among Republicans. The amendment won Led by Vander Jagt, Republicans strongly opposed the The Senate had passed a five-year extension of LEAA The amendment was rejected by a standing vote of 16- the support of 89 of 123 voting Republicans. second amendment, proposed by Charles B. Rangel (D (S 2212) on July 26. (Weekly Report p. 2077) 22, followed by a roll-call vote of 173-214. (Vote 518, p. 2442) N.Y.). It would have allowed extra payments of up to $50 a While adopting numerous amendments, the House Blind and Disabled Children month to SSI recipients whose annual expenses for housing, made few major changes in the bill reported by the Program Extension including utility bills, exceeded one-third of their income. Judiciary Committee May 15. An unusual coalition of liberal, moderate and conser- McClory offered an amendment to extend LEAA for vative House members broke with Corman in a successful "It is a disgrace to think that in the United States of The House bill generally made fewer changes in LEAA three years, through fiscal 1979, instead of the one-year ex- America, there are those of us who must go without food in programs than the version passed by the Senate. House attempt to revise the committee bill to channel more federal tension proposed in the bill. He reiterated arguments made aid to disabled and blind preschool children. order to pay for living facilities that are often indecent and sponsor John Conyers Jr. (D Mich.) explained that the in additional views to the committee report that a one-year As reported, the bill authorized the federal government unfit for human habitation," Rangel said. He argued that House bill included "a very modest series of changes" extension would make it impossible for state and local to assume half the cost of new rehabilitation programs for the amendment, heavily supported by New York because the limited one-year extension required intensive grantees to develop long-range comprehensive plans. He all blind and disabled children under age 13. The committee Democrats, would recognize higher housing costs in some oversight by the Judiciary Committee during the next year. also argued that the oversight promised by the Judiciary decided these children would benefit more from special parts of the country. Conyers said improved oversight was crucial because Committee as a condition of the one-year extension would Vander Jagt argued that the amendment would cost $1- LEAA had spent $4.5-billion while the rate of crime had rehabilitation services than from the vocational training be severely delayed by the organization time needed by the services for which they were eligible under existing law. billion, 10 times the amount set aside for the entire SSI bill risen 18 per cent. new 95th Congress. Abner J. Mikva (D III.), joined by 11 Republicans and under congressional budget procedures. Ketchum also As passed by the House, the bill extended LEAA for one Anything less than a three-year extension, McClory Democrats on Ways and Means, proposed instead to suggested that landlords would just raise rents if they knew year, through fiscal 1977, with an authorization level of said, "is irresponsible, unrealistic and entirely unfair to provide full federal funding for rehabilitation services for SSI recipients were receiving new benefits. $895-million. As did the Senate bill, the House version re- every law enforcement agency in this country." children age 6 and under. To offset this cost, the amend- Only 10 of 126 Republicans supported the amendment quired LEAA to place greater emphasis on strengthening Conyers opposed the amendment, saying that serious on the 114-269 vote rejecting it. (Vote 505, Weekly Report p. state judicial systems and to improve evaluation and ment also eliminated the new 50 per cent federal funding oversight of LEAA was needed in the next year so that major 2370) monitoring procedures. Both bills emphasized prevention of program for disabled children between the ages of 6 and 13. program changes could be proposed, and that the moderate crime against the elderly and encouraged crime prevention Mikva argued that there would be no new program un- changes proposed in the bill did not justify a three-year ex- Medicaid by community groups. der the committee proposal because states could not afford One key difference between the House and Senate bills tension. Conyers indicated that Congress was likely to come to put up half of the cost. He also maintained that it made Two other amendments, dealing with SSI recipients' up with a three-year extension anyway because the Senate was that the former would require authorizing legislation for the most sense to target aid on the youngest children, who eligibility for the Medicaid program for the poor, were had passed a five-year bill and conferees would split the the Justice Department, beginning in fiscal 1979. could benefit most from early assistance. Disabled and adopted by voice votes. Both amendments, proposed by J.J. difference between the two versions. blind children between the ages of 6 and 13, he added, Pickle (D Texas), dealt with quirks in the SSI law and its The amendment was rejected by a 119-268 vote. (Vote would receive some help from schools while the youngest Floor Action relationship to other statutes. 519, p. 2442) children would not. Under the first amendment, the income of an in- Corman opposed the amendment on grounds that it dividual whose spouse is in the hospital could not be The House debated the proposal Aug. 31 and Sept. 2, Community Anti-Crime Programs would leave many children without the services they needed counted as income for the spouse. Under existing law, the rejecting more amendments than it adopted before finally Like the Senate bill, the House strengthened programs and cut total federal assistance for the program to $18- income of a husband whose wife is in the hospital might be passing the House-numbered bill (HR 13636) by a 324-8 for participation of local community groups in the fight million from $55-million. He also contended that many counted as income for the wife until she had been in the vote Sept. 2. It then substituted its provisions for those of S against crime. However, the House bill included a provision preschool children already received aid of some sort. hospital for six months and it might be high enough to dis- 2212 by voice vote. (Vote 527, p. 2445) changing the existing requirement that local groups obtain The House adopted the amendment by a 219-146 vote, qualify her for SSI benefits and Medicaid eligibility. The The House had adopted the rule (H Res 1246) for con- the approval of local law enforcement officials before ob- with the support of 55 of 120 voting Republicans and 164 of purpose of the amendment was to allow husbands and wives sideration of the bill Aug. 31 by a 388-0 vote. (Vote 517, p. taining an LEAA grant. The change allowed the groups 245 voting Democrats. (Vote 506, Weekly Report p. 2370) in this situation to get Medicaid to pay their hospital bills. 2442) simply to notify the local police. The second, equally complicated amendment would Henry J. Hyde (R Ill.) offered an amendment to strike Housing preserve Medicaid eligibility for elderly persons whose in- Court Funds the bill's provision and return to existing law. He argued In other actions, the House agreed by voice vote to come is just under the limit for SSI recipients. In some In action Aug. 31, the House rejected a Judiciary Com- that community groups were supposed to work in coopera- make it easier for the elderly and disabled to continue to live cases, the annual increase in Social Security benefits for mittee amendment that earmarked no less than one-third of tion with the local police and that deleting the requirement in their homes while qualifying for SSI benefits. But it these persons surpasses the annual increase in the limit on the LEAA discretionary funds under Part C to be used to of approval by local police would "undercut local refused to provide additional benefits to recipients with income for SSI recipients by a matter of cents, so they lose improve the administration of justice in state and local governmental authority" and "set up a form of vigilan- high housing costs. eligibility for SSI. Generally, such persons are receiving very courts and reduce criminal case backlogs. tism The first amendment, sponsored by William M. little in SSI benefits, but any eligibility still qualifies them Opponents of the amendment, led by Robert McClory Conyers opposed the amendment, saying that com- Ketchum (R Calif.), changed existing law so that the value for Medicaid benefits. The amendment would preserve the (R III.), said the provision would provide a disproportionate munity groups, like other LEAA applicants, had to go of a home would not count at all toward the limit on assets more valuable Medicaid eligibility for the elderly in these amount of LEAA funds for court programs. through a number of review steps before receiving a grant. SSI recipients may hold. HEW regulations had limited the circumstances. I In addition, Charles E. Wiggins (R Calif.) said that in Adding an extra veto step for community groups from the value that did not count toward assets to $25,000. -By Elizabeth Bowman many areas, members of the judiciary were not ready with police was unfair, he said. "I think the police would then be PAGE 2478-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole part except by editorial clients COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERL INC Reproduction prohibited whole except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2479 Law Enforcement and Judiciary 2 engaging in politics and that is too abhorrent for any of us to Established an Office of Community Anti-Crime countenance,' Conyers said. Programs within LEAA to provide technical assistance and Transportation/Communications The amendment was first rejected by a standing vote of information on other successful programs to citizens' groups 38-57. That vote was reversed when the amendment was and coordinate citizens' anti-crime activity with other adopted by a subsequent roll-call vote of 253-133. (Vote 520, federal agencies. p. 2442) Required state planning agencies to assure the par- ticipation of citizens' and community organizations at all Major Amendments Adopted planning levels. Ford Nominations to FCC Neither of those authorizations had been requested by the administration, and Secretary of Transportation The House adopted the following additional Earmarked $15-million in Part C grants for community activities and other neighborhood programs. Approved by Senate Panel William T. Coleman Jr. had warned earlier in the year that amendments to HR 13636, all but one by voice vote: patrol they represented excessive spending that might draw a veto. By M. Caldwell Butler (R Va.), to substitute the non- Authorized state legislatures to review the general But concern over a veto dissipated in August when the discrimination provisions of the revenue sharing bill of 1976 goals, priorities and policies of LEAA state plans, without Resolving a dispute that had become embroiled in President signed a transportation appropriations bill (HR (HR 13367) for the civil rights enforcement procedures veto power over the plan. election-year politics, the Senate Commerce Committee 14234-PL 94-387) that included funds for the two recommended by the Judiciary Committee. Required that state planning agencies include as Sept. 8 approved President Ford's nomination of two per- programs. (Fiscal 1977 transportation appropriations, By McClory, to establish a National Advisory Com- members no fewer than two members of the judiciary. sons-one a Democrat, the other a Republican-to the Weekly Report p. 2139) mittee on Criminal Standards and Goals. Authorized use of block grant funds given to states for Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Final action on HR 11670 came Aug. 30 when the House By Robert Krueger (D Texas), to authorize LEAA to reducing court congestion and case backlog, revision of The Democratic nominee, Joseph R. Fogarty, easily agreed by voice vote to a conference compromise on the bill. make block grants to states to be used to extablish early criminal and procedural rules, training of judges and ad- won approval to a full seven-year term on the commission. The Senate had agreed to the report, also by voice vote, on case assessment panels to expedite the prosecution of cases ministrators and other programs to strengthen state courts; Fogarty is chief counsel to the committee's Subcommittee Aug. 2. (Senate passage, Weekly Report p. 1844; House, p. involving repeat offenders and violent criminals. This provi- developing and operating programs to reduce and prevent on Communications. 939) sion was part of the Senate bill. crime against the elderly; establishing early case assessment The committee also approved the nomination of By Gary A. Myers (R Pa.), to require that persons in panels in cities above 250,000 population to expedite the Margareta E. White, a former director of Ford's White LEAA policy-making positions that affect grants must dis- prosecution of cases involving repeat offenders and violent House Office of Telecommunications, to complete the final Provisions close any conflicts of interest relating to those grants. criminals. two years of an unfinished seven-year term. The As cleared by Congress, HR 11670: By Wiggins, to delete requirements that grantees meet Required that state plans, to be considered comprehen- nominations, both approved unanimously, were sent to the Authorized $86.2-million for procurement of vessels. minimum federal physical and service standards before sive, must include: adequate procedures to deal with Senate for what was expected to be swift confirmation. Authorized $24.3-million for procurement of aircraft. receiving federal funds to construct, improve or renovate criminal justice problems in areas characterized by high In announcing the nominations earlier in the summer, Authorized $24.4-million for shore and offshore con- state and local jails and prisons. This provision was part of crime incidence; a comprehensive juvenile justice improve- Ford originally had appointed White to the full term and struction of Coast Guard facilities. the Senate bill. Adopted by a 211-159 vote. (Vote 525, p. ment program; attention to the special problems of crime Fogarty to the two-year stint. But almost immediately, Authorized $100-million for procurement of vessels and 2445) against the elderly; identification of the special needs of White ran into trouble over the fact that her husband was a aircraft for enforcement of the 200-mile commercial fishing drug-dependent offenders and procedures to coordinate lawyer for a firm that did substantial business before the limit. Amendments Rejected with other state agencies serving these persons; a total FCC. Although White in committee hearings promised to Authorized $50-million for procurement of vessels with The House rejected the following amendments: analysis of law enforcement and criminal justice problems disqualify herself from any cases involving her husband's ice-breaking capability for the Great Lakes. By Conyers, to allow a unit of local government with a throughout the state, as well as goals, priorities and stan- firm, subcommittee Chairman John 0. Pastore (D R.I.) ex- Prohibited use of funds in the bill for Coast Guard boat population of 250,000 or above to receive a single mini-block dards to meet those problems; procedures for evaluating the pressed serious personal "anguish" over the possibility of a safety enforcement on certain lakes and the Merrimac River grant once its plan had been approved by the state planning success that state programs and projects had in meeting conflict of interest in the appointment. in New Hampshire, but specified that the provision should agency, freeing it from continuing administration by the their goals, conforming with the purposes of the state plan There also was speculation, however, that Pastore was not limit boat safety funds for the state nor prevent Coast planning agency. Rejected by a standing vote of 42-50. and reducing crime and aiding criminal justice. reluctant to see the seven-year post filled with a Republican Guard participation in search and rescue operations in that By McClory, to strike the new definition in the bill of Required states to pass through to localities the same on the eve of what could be a Democratic administration. state. "local elected official," by voice vote. percentage of block grants that local governments spend on Seeking to salvage the White nomination, Ford Aug. 31 Exempted certain fuel cargo vessels operating in Alaska By Wiggins, to require that state law enforcement plans total law enforcement activities. However, states could ex- reversed the appointments, nominating Fogarty for the full from Coast Guard inspection and certification re- required under the act must be approved by the state empt 10 per cent of block-grant funds from the pass-through term and White for two years. quirements. legislature and then reconciled with the governor's plan, by requirement, as long as they used the money for program The committee subsequently approved the Authorized an end strength active duty personnel level evaluation. voice vote. nominations without difficulty. Pastore denied that the of 38,918. By Elizabeth Holtzman (D N.Y.), to earmark $50- Required LEAA to develop criteria for program evalua- switch was influenced by political considerations. million to fight high-fear violent crimes in areas with high tion and to disseminate information on successful projects If confirmed by the Senate, White would replace Conference Report crime rates. Rejected by a standing 5-28 vote. The Senate to state planning agencies. Charlotte T. Reid, who retired in June after five years, as bill contained a similar provision. Required LEAA to conduct research to determine the the only woman on the seven-member commission. Conferees filed a conference report on HR 11670 in the By Mario Biaggi (D N.Y.), to require state and local relationship between crime and drug and alcohol abuse. House (H Rept 94-1374) and the Senate (S Rept 94-1054) on units of government applying for LEAA grants to enact a Established a National Advisory Committee on Final Action: Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. July 28. They accepted the Senate bill almost in its entirety, law enforcement officers' bill of rights. Rejected by a stand- authorizing the same fiscal 1977 spending level-$284.9- ing vote of 17-33, followed by a roll-call vote of 148-213. Established a system of mandatory procedures to be Coast Guard Authorization million-as proposed by the Senate. The House had (Vote 526, p. 2445) followed in suspending and eventually terminating grants to authorized $304.1-million and the administration had re- By Myers (Pa.), to prevent use of LEAA funds for inter- an LEAA recipient who was found to have discriminated on Boosting the administration's budget by more than quested less than half that amount-$125.9-million. state transport of prisoners convicted of violent crimes to the basis of race, color, religion, national origin or sex. Required LEAA to make an annual report to Congress, double the amount requested, Congress Aug. 30 cleared for athletic events, by voice vote. including such items as a summary of innovative programs, the President a bill (HR 11670) authorizing $284.9-million 200-Mile Limit By John B. Breaux (D La.), to make a certain percen- tage of LEAA grants directly to the chief law enforcement the number of programs approved and discontinued, and a for the Coast Guard for fiscal 1977. The administration had requested no funds to enforce official of each county, by voice vote. summary of evaluation procedures. President Ford had asked for only $125.9-million. Most the new 200-mile commercial fishing limit, scheduled to Required LEAA employees in policy-making positions of the increase was contained in an authorization of $100- take effect March 1, 1977. The Transportation Department that affect grants to make a financial statement disclosing million for procurement of ships and airplanes to patrol the said that the law's requirements still were under review. Provisions any relationship with LEAA grant recipients. new 200-mile commercial fishing limit enacted into law in Acting before the new law was enacted, the House Required the Department of Justice to obtain authoriz- March. The bill included another $50-million for procure- authorized a total of $108.6-million for a specific number of The major provisions of S 2212, as passed by the House: ing legislation for its appropriations beginning in fiscal ment of ice-breaker ships to keep the Great Lakes open for airplanes, helicopters and Coast Guard cutters. By contrast, Extended LEAA through fiscal 1977, with an authoriza- 1979. winter shipping. (200-mile limit legislation, Weekly Report the Senate had authorized a flat sum of $100-million for tion level of $895-million. -By Mary Link p. 750) general procurement of whatever mix of vessels and aircraft COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2480-Sept. 11, 1976 Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editoria clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2481 Transportation/Communications 2 the Coast Guard determined to be necessary to patrol the was the same as that requested by the administration and new fishing area. Conferees accepted the Senate's more authorized by the House March 11, and it exceeded the Agriculture general plan. fiscal 1976 authorization by $87,785,000. Sponsors said the increase reflected a growing gap between U.S. and foreign Icebreakers maritime wage levels. (House passage, Weekly Report p. To improve winter navigation on the Great Lakes, the 634) House had authorized $52-million for the purchase of four In the only floor change in the bill as reported (S Rept Costs, Politics Embroil Peanut Subsidies small icebreaking vessels. Again taking a general approach, 94-833) by the Commerce Committee May 13, the Senate the Senate had authorized $50-million for "ice-breaking added $600,000 to the $4-million in the bill for federal aid to With a Georgia peanut farmer aiming to take up Agriculture Committee Chairman W. R. Poage (D Texas) capability," without specifying what ships were to be state maritime academies. The additional funds were to residence in the White House in January 1977, attention has explained the dilemma during committee consideration of bought. The administration had opposed the authorization, permit an increase to $900 per student, from $600, in the been focused on the peanut subsidy program-a program the bill: "I think this bill is a dangerous bill, but it is more saying it was too expensive. subsistence stipends. that has helped provide Jimmy Carter's livelihood and that dangerous to proceed with the present program, with the Conferees again accepted the general Senate plan. Arguing that the stipend had not been raised since it has been criticized as one of the biggest boondoggles in U.S. Secretary of Agriculture threatening to ruin the program, Although it went along with the Senate's non-specific was first authorized in 1958, sponsors originally had sought agriculture, costing a projected $163-million for 1976. and I think he has the authority to do it." authorizations for this particular bill, conferees made it a $1,200 allowance. But in the face of strong resistance from Opponents of the program, led by Agriculture Secretary clear that the agreement should not be taken as a precedent opponents, who argued that the maritime job market Earl L. Butz, have been trying to change the program for Background for the future. "Too little specificity, leaving too much dis- already was overcrowded, they compromised on the $900 some years, but peanut growers have had powerful friends in cretion in the administering agency, is an abdication of con- figure. Congress: Sen. Herman E. Talmadge (D Ga.), chairman of The long history of the peanut program cannot be con- gressional responsibility,' they said. The amendment increasing the stipend, offered by the Senate Agriculture and Forestry Committee, and sidered apart from the complicated history of U.S. William D. Hathaway (D Maine), was adopted by voice Speaker of the House Carl Albert (D Okla.). Both come from agricultural policy, which has attempted since the 1930s to vote. The House in March had rejected a similar amend- Final Action: large peanut-producing states. provide a stable framework and income level for farmers ment by a 53-292 vote. But the Butz campaign, coupled with the attention and to avoid the natural tendency of "boom and bust" The only other change in the House-passed bill was an drawn by Carter's peanut connections, has caused normally agriculture, in which the vagaries of weather and changing Maritime Authorization increase of $3-million, to $22.5-million, for research and warring peanut growers to band together and support legis- markets could wipe out thousands of farmers in a single development programs by the Commerce Department's lation (HR 12808) currently pending in the House. season. Congress Aug. 30 cleared for the President a bill (HR Maritime Administration. The Commerce Committee said The Senate Agriculture Committee refused Sept. 1 to 11481) to authorize $448,041,000 for federal maritime the additional money would permit accelerated develop- take up the bill, thus dooming it for this Congress. But it is Price Supports programs for fiscal 1977. ment of industrial plant ships that could produce ammonia. expected that revision of the peanut program will be con- Although price supports for various commodities began The largest authorization item in the bill was $403,721,- Following are the authorization levels approved by the sidered as part of the general farm legislation the 95th as early as 1933, the permanent establishment of a price 000 in operating subsidies for U.S. merchant ships to permit Senate for various maritime programs: Congress will face in 1977. support program with accompanying acreage allotments did them to charge rates competitive with those of foreign $403,721,000 for ship operating-differential subsidies; carriers. That was the same as the amount requested by the $22.5-million for research and development; Reform Moves not begin until the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. (Farm policy legislation, 1973 Almanac p. 288, Congress and administration. $13.26-million for maritime training at the U.S. Critics charge that the peanut subsidy program is out- the Nation Vol. I, p. 682) For the first time in more than 25 years, the bill did not Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, N.Y.; dated, inefficient and costly-that American peanut Under this system, the government estimated the contain an authorization for shipbuilding subsidies. In the $4.56-million for expenses of the National Defense farmers are being paid to grow a commodity far in excess of amount of acreage that needed to be planted to meet the de- past, the government's construction program had provided Reserve Fleet of mothballed merchant ships; U.S. needs and that the federal government has been forced mand for a certain commodity. Farmers planting more than large subsidies to American shipyards so that the cost to $4.6-million in federal aid to state maritime schools and to stockpile those huge peanut surpluses at taxpayers' ex- that amount could be fined, but those staying within their U.S. purchasers would be comparable to the cost of foreign for the operation and development of six training ships. pense. allotted acreage were eligible to receive price supports by vessels. In 1976 the Maritime Administration told Congress House Agriculture Committee member Frederick Rich- obtaining loans from the Commodity Credit Corporation, that sufficient funds were available from previous years to Conference Report mond (D N.Y.) claimed the current surplus is 1 billion using their crops as collateral. carry the program through fiscal 1977. pounds of peanuts and 1.5 billion pounds of peanut oil. HR 11481 included $4-million for federal assistance to Conferees filed a conference report on HR 11481 in the Defenders of the program respond that the peanut state maritime academies for student subsistence House (H Rept 94-1375) and Senate (S Rept 94-1056) on program has successfully created stable quantities of that payments. The Senate had proposed to raise the level of aid July 29. commodity, has provided economic security to parts of the U.S. Peanut Production* to permit higher per-student payments, but House-Senate Research and Development. Accepting a Senate country that cannot grow other crops and is the best method IN BILLIONS OF POUNDS conferees dropped that provision pending the results of a authorization provision, conferees approved $22.5- of dealing with the perishable peanut, which cannot be General Accounting Office study of the idea. Opponents had million-$3-million more than authorized by the stored as long as many other commodities, such as corn and 3.8 contended that the maritime trades were crowded enough without the government subsidizing more candidates for House-for maritime research and development. The ad- wheat. scarce jobs. ditional $3-million was for studies of industrial plant ships The Department of Agriculture has been trying to bring 2.9 and of commercialization of ocean thermal energy. some changes to the peanut program since 1968, and par- Final action on HR 11481 came Aug. 30 when the House However, conferees pointed out that the authorization ac- ticularly since 1973, when cotton, wheat and other feed agreed to a conference report by voice vote. The Senate had 2.3 tually was moot, since the Commerce Department grains were transferred from a subsidy system similar to approved the report by voice vote on Aug. 3. Since the total appropriations bill (HR 14239), already enacted, did not in- peanuts to a market-oriented target-price system. Sup- level of authorizations was only $3.3-million more than that clude funds for those studies. They called for further con- porters of the existing peanut program have accused the 1.7 1.5 recommended by the President, it was expected to win his sideration of the matter in hearings in 1977. (Appro- department, and Secretary Butz in particular, of con- approval. priations bill, Weekly Report p. 1852) ducting a vendetta against the program. Earlier Senate Action State Marine Schools. Responding to persistent Growers in the three main peanut-producing areas are pressure from supporters of the six state maritime not happy with the bill reported (H Rept 94-1455) by the academies around the country, the Senate had provided for House Agriculture Committee Aug. 31. As Oilseeds and The Senate passed HR 11481 June 15 by voice vote with a $300 increase in the per-student payment for annual sub- Rice Subcommittee Chairman Dawson Mathis (D Ga.) an authorization of $488,641,000. sistence. The House had resisted that pressure, providing no said, "This is a bill that nobody loves, but everyone accepts." 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 Of the total authorization, the bulk-$403,- increase. Conferees went along with the House, rejecting the 721,000-was for operating subsidies for U.S. merchant increase, and noted that the matter was under study by the Peanut growers, realizing some change was inevitable, *Based on 1,610,000 minimum national acreage ships to permit them to charge shipping rates com- General Accounting Office. compromised behind HR 12808 to avoid more severe cut- Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture -By Ted Vaden backs or possible extinction of the program. Former chapman petitive with the low rates of foreign vessels. The figure COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2482-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited in whole or part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2483 Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients Agriculture 2 Agriculture 3 The loan was based on the principle of "parity," a for- Peanuts Bypassed Small Farmer mula set up to establish a fair relationship between the in- The peanut program, however, was excluded from the Although some critics, such as Peyser, charge the come a farmer received and the amount of money he had to 1973 change in agricultural policy. Peanut farmers con- peanut program has reaped "unbelievable profits for its Carter's Peanuts spend for labor, equipment and living costs. Parity formulas tinued to follow a complex system of acreage allotments, benefactors," and reports exist of millionaire peanut were figured from base periods during the first two decades marketing quotas and price support loans. And, unlike the of this century (1910-14 or 1919-29 for most crops), which farmers with thousands of acres in peanut allotments, the Secretary of Agriculture Earl L. Butz opened fire farmers growing target-price crops, they continued to build national average allotment actually is 25 acres. March 28 on the peanut subsidy program and on were considered examples of a time when farmers' income up large surpluses. Reporters trailing Jimmy Carter tell of new homes and Jimmy Carter, then the front-runner for the Democratic and costs were at a fair balance. One of the chief reasons for the large surpluses was the late model cars in the peanut country of southwest Georgia. presidential nomination he later won. The price support programs continued, with some increased productivity enjoyed by peanut farmers. In 1941, But Rep. Don Fuqua (D Fla.) defends the program: "The Butz accused Carter of "growing fat from federal changes, until 1973, when Congress passed new farm legisla- when the minimum national peanut acreage was set at peanut industry is probably one of the most misunderstood peanut subsidies" and promised he was "going to dis- tion putting cotton, wheat and other feed grains on a 1,610,000 acres, the average yield per acre was 900 pounds. segments of the agricultural industry. Prices can fluctuate turb his [Carter's] little playhouse." different system. Called a target-price system, the program In 1976, the Agriculture Department is projecting an violently and a producer can literally be wiped out in a The Carter camp responded by charging Butz with was hailed as one that was more market-oriented, would average yield of 2,568 pounds per acres. Department figures free farmers from the cumbersome complexities of govern- single growing season without some assurance which past "political flackery" and using Carter as a focal point for indicate that 3.8 billion pounds of peanuts were grown in the programs have provided." criticism of the peanut program. ment subsidy programs, and, with the existing world de- United States in 1975, compared with 1.5 billion pounds in Those assurances of a fair return on investment, Fuqua The Carter people said Carter grows only seed mand for food, would eliminate the embarrassing and costly 1955. (Chart, p. 2483) said, have enabled "a great many families to enjoy a decent peanuts, which are sold directly to other farmers in the surpluses of years past. Approximately 70 per cent of the crop is sold to peanut standard of living and children to get an education." area at a higher price than the government support One of the effects of the subsidy programs for peanuts, butter manufacturers and other producers of edible peanut Since the economies of many counties in peanut- price and that Carter does not participate in the federal as well as the other commodities, was that enormous sur- products, such as salted and roasted nuts and peanut can- growing states are based almost entirely on peanut produc- subsidy program. pluses built up. Although the loans made to farmers were dy. tion, most observers agree that a sudden change in the sub- When the air cleared, Agriculture Department technically redeemable, in reality farmers frequently The remainder of the crop is purchased by the govern- sidy program, or wiping it out entirely, would drastically reports indicated that Carter had inherited a 243-acre defaulted, forcing the government to acquire the commodity ment through its loan program, with the current purchase affect those areas. peanut allotment, that he does indeed grow seed put up as collateral. price set at 75 per cent of parity. But Peyser has suggested that the 600,000 unneeded peanuts and owns a peanut warehouse, but that he had In actual figures, the government bought peanuts in allotted peanut acres on which the surplus is grown could be received only two federal payments since 1970, totaling 1976 at an average $414 a ton. (Peanut marketing box, this used to produce soybeans, cotton, potatoes and other crops $2,728, a rather meager amount in view of the enormous Peanut Marketing page) that Americans would really use. "We must find a better subsidy program. The government has two basic choices of what it can do way to help [the peanut farmer] to produce something else But even though Carter is not now participating in Farmers grow peanuts on the number of acres they with the surplus: 1) it can sell it on the world market at a that is a salable crop," he said. the subsidy program, the department added, he had have been allotted by the government. The Secretary of loss (the current world price is around $250 a ton), or 2) it Rep. James P. Johnson (Colo.), ranking Republican on received federal payments during the 1960s for storing Agriculture annually sets the amount of national can crush the excess peanuts into oil and meal, donating the Oilseeds Subcommittee, presented the other side of the government peanuts. acreage that can be planted. Since 1941, except for that to the domestic school lunch program or moving it argument to the Agriculture Committee when he said that Butz insisted that Carter benefits indirectly, simp- variations during war years, the minimum national through the Food for Peace (PL 480) program. peanut farmers, unlike those growing other commodities, ly because the subsidy system exists. As one depart- acreage has been set at 1,610,000. With the increased In previous years, the department has chosen to sell the "don't have much choice in different crops." ment official said, "He would not be getting the high yields that have been experienced in recent years, the surplus, even though the world market price usually was According to Johnson, "This isn't just a farm program. price he is getting if it were not for that government government generally has not allowed more than the lower than the price the department paid for the peanuts. This is a social program for that whole section of the country program." minimum amount to be planted. By law, the govern- The general feeling before 1973 seemed to be that recouping and you make a mistake if you ignore that." ment cannot allow less than that amount. part of the loss was better than nothing. In 1973 and 1974 As a result, peanut acreages are almost impossible the department actually was able to sell most of its peanuts House Committee Action cut to 1,247,000 from 1,610,000 acres. Committee members to come by, unless they are inherited. Critics such as at a good price; the drought in African peanut-growing said this would result in a reduction in the number of Rep. Peter A. Peyser (R N.Y.) have called it a "feudal countries created shortages that the U.S. surplus was able In the midst of the pressure from Secretary Butz and peanuts produced and therefore a decrease in the amount of system." to fill. the spotlight focused on the program by Carter's candidacy, surplus. Once the crop is harvested, the peanut farmer peanut growers from the three major producing areas joined Since the bill also placed a quota on the number of takes his peanuts to the middleman-the warehouser Butz' Resale Policy together in support of HR 12808, which the House pounds sold by peanut farmers and cut the loan level on and sheller. According to the Agriculture Department, Agriculture Committee reported Aug. 31. Oilseeds Subcom- However, in 1974 Secretary Butz announced a 100 per quota peanuts to 70 per cent of parity from 75 per cent, the the producer cannot bargain for a price. He must accept mittee Chairman Mathis said the bill had been worked on cent resale policy. He said he would not sell peanuts for committee estimated that the changes in the peanut sub- the price offered by the purchaser-which is pegged to for five years and would affect only the 1977 crop. Further prices lower than what the government paid the producers. sidy program would save the government $64-million a year. the support price being offered by the government. changes would be made in the 1977 farm bill. With the world price significantly lower than the U.S. sup- The bill also provided for open-ended production of If the middleman does not want to buy the peanuts Growers in the three areas traditionally have had port price, surpluses have been piling up. Rep. Peter A. peanuts, thus allowing the crop to be grown by anyone who for sale to commercial companies manufacturing edible different growing situations and supply problems and have Peyser (RN.Y.) claimed the cost to the taxpayers between wanted to participate. This provision was strongly sup- peanut items, he puts the peanuts under the federal often been in disagreement over peanut program proposals. 1976 and 1980 would run $961-million. ported by the Agriculture Department as a way to break the loan program. Those from Virginia and North Carolina generally grow Critics of Secretary Butz say the resale policy is not a stranglehold on peanut acreage by current allotment The farmer is paid the same price regardless of how what is known as the Virginia-type peanut, which is the holders. valid one, that the government was willing to sell peanuts at the peanuts are used. largest peanut and is most often sold roasted in the shell or a loss before and that the policy has been instituted strictly Under the new bill, peanuts grown by non-allotment Manufacturers then must purchase peanuts at the as salted peanuts. Those farmers in the Texas-Oklahoma holders or by allotment holders in excess of their allotments to embarrass the peanut program and hopefully to kill it. artificial government support price, which in 1976 is area generally grow Spanish-type peanuts. Both of these Subcommittee Chairman Mathis said the surplus has could be marketed only for export or crushing. These non- approximately $164 a ton above the world market price. varieties are in demand in the edible peanut market and forced the cost of the program to be distorted and "makes it quota peanuts would be supported at a much lower level Manufacturers, barred from importing cheaper peanuts growers seldom have surpluses. look worse than it is. than the quota peanuts-60 per cent of the loan level for grown outside the United States, say they must charge However, the runner-type peanut, grown in Georgia The department defended the move in terms of U.S. quota peanuts, or 90 per cent of their estimated value for the consumer high prices for peanut products because and Alabama, is smaller than the Virginia variety. Although crushing and export, whichever is lower. trade policy, claiming it would be inconsistent to have ex- they are forced to pay the government support price. it generally is used for peanut butter, it is not in such de- port subsidies for peanuts, when the United States was try- One provision that provoked some controversy during At the same time the government is stuck with mand for edible purposes as the other varieties and growers ing to avoid such subsidies for other commodities in inter- committee markup mandated that the Secretary of billions of pounds of excess peanuts, which it must of these peanuts generally have surpluses. This has been es- national trade. Agriculture would have to sell the surplus peanuts from the crush into oil or peanut meal and then sell at a loss or pecially true since 1972 when the florunner variety of Butz succeeded in drawing attention to the program in 1976 and 1977 crops. Secretary Butz has had discretionary give away. peanut, with a very high yield, was introduced. March when he accused Carter of "growing fat" from the authority to sell surplus peanuts, but has chosen not to sell As reported by the committee, the bill reduced the peanut subsidy program. (Box, p. 2485) them for less than the price for which the peanuts were minimum national acreage allotment by 22.5 per cent-a bought. PAGE 2484-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERL INC Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial ciients COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. Reproduction prohibited in whole or part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2485 CQ Senate Votes 555-560 Agriculture 4 Corresponding Congressional Record Votes 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569 Although the Agriculture Department objected to HR 12808 as a continuation of the "outmoded" price support 557 558 559 KEY system that still would result in 750 million pounds of excess The program has peanuts in 1977, it said it was willing to support the bill as a enabled "a great ALABAMA IOWA NEW HAMPSHIRE Allen NNYYNN Clark YYNNYN Durkin YNNNYN Y Voted for (yea) "step in the right direction." YYYNYN Paired for many families to en- Sparkman NNNYYN Culver Mclntyre YYYN?? +- Announced for ALASKA KANSAS NEW JERSEY Gravel YN? N Y Y N N Committee Markup joy a decent standard YYNNYN Dole Williams NNNNYY Voted against (nay) Stevens YUNNYY NYYNYY X Pearson NYYNYN Paired against. Case The House Agriculture Committee markup of HR of living and children ARIZONA KENTUCKY NEW MEXICO Announced against. Ford YNYNYY P Fannin ??YYNN ?????? Voted "present." Montoya 12808 on Aug. 24 and 25 provided a good example of the dif- to get an education." Goldwater ?????? Huddleston ? ? N N Y Domenici YNYYYN Voted "present" to avoid ficulty Congress has with complex farm legislation. As ARKANSAS NEW YORK possible conflict of interest. LOUISIANA ? -Rep. Don Fuqua Bumpers YNNNYY Did not vote or otherwise YNYNYN Johnston Buckley* ?????? members munched on Georgia peanuts provided by Mathis, (D Fla.) McClellan NPNYNY Long Y N Y Y Y Y Javits X?NNYN make a position known. they argued about actual costs of the program, citing the CALIFORNIA MAINE NORTH CAROLINA ?????? YYNNYN YYNNYY confusing array of statistics provided by the Agriculture Cranston Hathaway Morgan Tunney ?????? Muskie NNNNYN Helms NNYYNN Department and the program's supporters and opponents. COLORADO MARYLAND NORTH DAKOTA Many members admitted they did not understand the The Richmond amendment was defeated by a 20-5 Hart YYNNYN Beall ?????? Burdick YNYNYN Haskell ? ? Y N Y N Mathias ? ? N N Y program or the complex amendments that were offered. One vote. Young YNNYYY CONNECTICUT MASSACHUSETTS OHIO TEXAS member was heard to remark: "They don't know what the Ribicoff YYYNYN Kennedy ???NYN Glenn YYYNY? Bentsen ? - Y N Y Export Mandate Welcker TXYNYN Brooke NYNNYY Taft YNYNYN Tower YYNYNN hell they're talking about." DELAWARE MICHIGAN OKLAHOMA UTAH One provision in the bill that aroused heated debate Biden Y ? Y N Y Y Hart ???NY? Bartlett NNYYNN Moss ?????? Richmond Amendment Roth YNYNYN Griffin YNYNYN Bellmon YYYYNY Garn YNYYNN during committee consideration was the requirement that FLORIDA MINNESOTA OREGON VERMONT Richmond offered an amendment during committee the Secretary of Agriculture dispose of all 1977 surplus Chiles YNYNYN Humphrey YN?NYN Hatfleld YNYNYY Leahy YNYNYN Stone YNYNYN Mondale ?????? Packwood YYYNYN peanuts at competitive world prices. Stafford YNYNYN markup that would have reduced the parity level to 60 per GEORGIA MISSISSIPPI PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA cent instead of the 70 per cent provided in the bill. Paul Findley (R III.) offered two amendments, one to Nunn NNYNYN Eastland NNNYNY Schwelker YYYNYY Byrd** NNYNY? The New York Democrat contended that the cost of strike the language and another to soften the requirement, Talmadge NNYYYN Stennis YNNYNY Scott NYYNYN Scott NYYYNN HAWAII MISSOURI RHODE ISLAND WASHINGTON growing peanuts was $338 an acre, including land rental but both amendments were defeated. Inouye YYNNYY Eagleton YN???? Pastore YYNNY- Jackson NYYNYN Findley argued that forcing the Secretary to sell the sur- Fong ? ? Y N Y N Symington YN? N Y Y Pell costs, and that the yield per acre was 1.25 tons. At 70 per YNNNYY Magnuson ? ? N N Y Y IDAHO MONTANA SOUTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA cent of parity, he said, the farmer would be receiving $386 a plus would be a new use of export subsidies that would have Church YNYNYN Mansfield ? ? N N Y N Hollings YYNNYY Byrd NNYNYN ton; at 60 per cent of parity, the farmer would receive $331 a impact on U.S. trade policy and could jeopardize continuing McClure YNYYNN Metcalf ???NY? Thurmond NNYNNN Randolph YYYNYY ILLINOIS NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA ton for his peanuts, which Richmond said would be more in international trade negotiations. In addition, Findley said WISCONSIN Stevenson YNNNYN Curtis YNYYNN Abourezk YNNNYN Nelson YNYNYN line with the farmer's costs. Butz already had discretionary authority to sell the sur- Percy YYYNY? Hruska YYYYNY McGovern ??NNYN Proxmire YNYNYN Richmond told the committee, "The whole idea of pluses and that Butz had assured him he would offer 1977 INDIANA NEVADA TENNESSEE WYOMING Bayh ?????? Cannon YNNNYY Baker YNYNYN McGee ?????? government support is that farmers get a real return [on peanuts at competitive prices. "I think we should trust Hartke ?????? Laxalt Y N Y Y N Y Brock K - T Y N N Hansen YNYYNN their investment] but not to let farmers grow a product that Secretary Butz," Findley said. Mathis led the opponents of the amendment, saying Democrats Republicans *Buckley elected as Conservative **Byrd elected as independent. we won't use. All of us would like to see more peanuts con- sumed and less in surplus, but we won't have it unless we Butz had avoided using his authority to dispose of surpluses lower the support price." since 1974 and as a result the peanut farmers had lost Richmond also said his amendment would reduce costs valuable overseas markets, with the buildup of surpluses to consumers, since the high government support price has giving the program a black eye. caused the price of peanut butter to jump from 63 cents to Mathis said he knew Butz had promised to dispose of 93 cents a pound since 1970. "Consumption goes down as 1977 surplus peanuts, but Mathis predicted, "Earl Butz the price goes up," he said, adding that the manufacturers won't be in charge of peanut policy in 1977." 555. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. Taft presently employed operators would lose their jobs. Adopted 51-30: of Skippy peanut butter had told him they would drop their In addition to defeating the Findley amendments, the (R Ohio) motion to table, and thus kill, the Allen (D Ala.) motion to R 27-6; D 24-24 (ND 14-16; SD 10-8), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) price 5 cents a pound if the bill provided 60 per cent of committee voted to extend the selling mandate to the 1976 reconsider the vote by which the Senate had previously adopted parity. peanut crop. It also rejected a complicated Mathis amend- the Taft (R Ohio) amendment to allow payment of a salary increase 558. HR 8532. Antitrust Amendments. Allen (D Ala.) sub- Subcommittee member Johnson said the Richmond ment that opponents said would have provided greater for federal employees other than members of Congress. Motion to stitute bill embodying the original Senate language as passed in amendment would reduce the program cost by only $25- benefits to growers of runner peanuts in the Southeast at the table agreed to 55-19: R 21-8; D 34-11 (ND 25-4; SD 9-7), Sept. 7, June. (See vote 271, Weekly Report p. 1618) Rejected 22-66: R 15- million and yet would reduce farmer income by $70-million. expense of growers of the Virginia-type and Spanish-type 1976. (The Taft amendment had been previously adopted by voice 20; D 7-46 (ND 0-35; SD 7-11), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story p. 2464) vote.) (Story, p. 2492) And according to the Department of Agriculture, such a peanuts. 559. HR 8532. Antitrust Amendments. Byrd (D W.Va.) motion drop in program cost would not affect consumer prices very to agree to a substitute antitrust bill to authorize state attorneys much, Johnson added. "Introducing some vague notion of Outlook 556. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. general to bring parens patriae antitrust suits on behalf of citizens, consumerism will be bad in the long run," he said. Senate Appropriations Committee amendment to delete from the Despite the Senate committee's decision not to con- require large companies to notify the government of planned bill a provision that, as amended by the Taft (R Ohio) amendment mergers and strengthen the government's antitrust investigatory sider HR 12808 in 1976, the House committee did file a peti- (see vote 555, above), banned salary increases for members of powers. Agreed to 69-18: R 21-14; D 48-4 (ND 34-0; SD 14-4), Sept. tion with the Rules Committee to take the bill to the House Congress. Rejected 25-46: R 11-17; D 14-29 (ND 12-16; SD 2-13), 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2464) floor. However, as of Sept. 9 the bill had not appeared on the Sept. 7, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) The peanut subsidy Rules schedule; the committee had set Sept. 10 as the 560. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. Judg- deadline for granting rules. ment of the Senate that the Senate Appropriations Committee's program has reaped As of Sept. 7, the Agriculture Department was 557. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. amendment to appropriate $35.5 million for purchase of a building "unbelievable profits awaiting an appellate court decision on a lawsuit brought Bartlett (R Okla.) amendment to reduce by 62 positions the in Washington, D.C., for additional Senate office space was not ger- by disgruntled Georgia peanut farmers upset over changes number of elevator operators on automatic elevators in the Capitol mane. Amendment ruled not germane 28-53: R 10-24; D 18-29 for its benefactors." and in congressional office buildings, with the provision that no in the annual price support adjustments. The department (ND 8-22; SD 10-7), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) -Rep. Peter A. Peyser had suspended all peanut loan activity for the 1976 crop on (R N.Y.) Aug. 6, although it had allowed farmers to store their peanuts in government warehouses. The department said it would reinstate the loan program after the court decision. I -By Mary Link COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2486-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. Reproduction prohibited in whole or in part except by editorial ciients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2487 Reproduction prohibited whole in part except by aditorial clients. CQ Senate Votes 561-566 CQ Senate Votes 567-568 Corresponding to Congressional Record Votes 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575 Corresponding to Congressional Record Votes 576, 577 AGAGN AGAGNA which KEY KEY ALABAMA IOWA NEW HAMPSHIRE ALABAMA IOWA NEW HAMPSHIRE Allen YNYNNY Clark YNYYYY Y NYYYNY Voted for (yea) Allen NY Durkin Clark Y Y Durkin YY Y Voted for (yea) Paired for. Sparkman YY Sparkman YNYNNY Culver YNNYYY Mcintyre ?????? Culver Y Y McIntyre ?? Paired for. t Announced for ALASKA KANSAS NEW JERSEY ALASKA KANSAS NEW JERSEY f Announced for. Gravel YYNYYY YNYYYY N Williams Voted against (nay). Gravel Y Y Dole NNYNYY Dole NY Williams ? ? N Voted against (nay) X Paired against. Y Y X Paired against Stevens NYNYYY Pearson NYYYYY Case YNNNYY Stevens Pearson YY Case vt ARIZONA KENTUCKY NEW MEXICO Announced against. ARIZONA KENTUCKY NEW MEXICO Announced against. Fannin YNYNNY YNYNYY P Ford Montoya ?????? Voted "present. Fannin NY Ford Y Y Montoya ?? P Voted present. ?????? YNYNYY . Voted "present" to avoid X? Goldwater Huddleston Domenici YNYNNY Goldwater Huddleston YY Domenici YY . Voted 'present' to avoid ARKANSAS LOUISIANA NEW YORK possible conflict of interest. ARKANSAS LOUISIANA NEW YORK possible conflict of interest. Bumpers YNYNYY Johnston YNYNYY ? Did not vote or otherwise Buckley* ?????? Bumpers Y Y Johnston YY Buckley* ?? ? Did not vote or otherwise make position known. McClellan YNYNYY YN???? make position known. McClellan Y Y Long Javits YNNNYY Long ? Y Javits YY CALIFORNIA MAINE NORTH CAROLINA CALIFORNIA MAINE NORTH CAROLINA Cranston ?????? Hathaway YNNYYY Morgan YNYYNY Cranston Y Y Hathaway Y Y Morgan YY Tunney ?????? Muskie YNYNYY Helms YNYYNN Tunney ?? Muskie Y Y Helms NY COLORADO MARYLAND NORTH DAKOTA COLORADO MARYLAND NORTH DAKOTA Hart NNYY?? ?????? NNYNYY Hart ?? Beall Burdick Beall ?? Burdick YY Haskell YNYYYY Methias NYNNYY Young YNYNNY Haskell Y Y Mathias YY Young YY CONNECTICUT MASSACHUSETTS OHIO CONNECTICUT TEXAS MASSACHUSETTS OHIO TEXAS Ribicoff YNYNYN Kennedy ?????? Glenn ?????? YNYYNY Ribicotf YY Bentsen Kennedy ?? Glenn ?? Bentsen YY Welcker NYYN?? Brooke NYNYYY Taft Y N Y Y N Y Tower YNYNYY Welcker Y ? Brooke YY Taft NY Tower NY DELAWARE MICHIGAN OKLAHOMA DELAWARE UTAH MICHIGAN OKLAHOMA UTAH Biden YNYNYY Hart ?????? Bartlett YNYNNY ?????? Biden Y Y Moss Hart ?? Bartlett NY Moss ?? Roth NNYYNN Griffin YNY??? Bellmon YNYNNY YNYYNN Roth ?? Griffin Garn Y ? Belimon YY Garn NY FLORIDA MINNESOTA OREGON FLORIDA VERMONT MINNESOTA OREGON VERMONT Chiles YNYNNY Humphrey Y-T?TT Hetfield NYYNYY Leahy YNYNNY Chiles YY Humphrey YY Hatfield NY Leahy NY YNYYNY Mondale ?????? Packwood NNYNNY Stone YY Stone YYNNYY Stafford Mondale ?? Packwood NY Stafford ? Y GEORGIA MISSISSIPPI PENNSYLVANIA GEORGIA VIRGINIA MISSISSIPPI PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA Nunn YNYNNY Eastland NNYNY? Schwelker YNNYYY Byrd** ?????? Nunn YY Eastland YY Schweiker YY Byrd** NY Talmadge NNYNNY Stennis YNYNNY Scott YNNYYY Talmadge ?? NYNYYY Scott Stennis Y Y Scott YY Scott NY HAWAII MISSOURI RHODE ISLAND WASHINGTON HAWAII MISSOURI RHODE ISLAND WASHINGTON Inouye YNYYYY Eagleton ?????? Pastore NNYYYY Inouye YY ...... Jackson Eagleton Y Y Pastore YY Jackson YY Fong NNYNYY Symington YNYN?? Pell YNYNYY Magnuson YNYYYY Fong YY Symington Y Y Pell YY Magnuson YY IDAHO MONTANA SOUTH CAROLINA IDAHO WEST VIRGINIA MONTANA SOUTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA Church YNYNYY Mansfield YNYNYY Hollings YNNNYY NNYNYY Church YY Byrd Mansfield YY Hollings Y Y Byrd YY McClure YNYNNY Metcalf ?????? Thurmond McClure NY YNYNNY Randolph YNYNNY Metcalf YY Thurmond NY Randolph YY ILLINOIS NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA ILLINOIS WISCONSIN NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA WISCONSIN Stevenson YNYN?? Curtis YNYN?? Abourezk YNY??? Stevenson Y N Y Y Y Y Nelson 1? Curtis NY Abourezk NY Nelson YY Percy ?????? Hruska YNYNNY McGovern Y N Y ? ? Proxmire YNYNNN Percy Y Y Hruska NY McGovern YY Proxmire NY INDIANA NEVADA TENNESSEE WYOMING INDIANA NEVADA TENNESSEE WYOMING Bayh ?????? Cannon YNYNYY Baker NYYNYY McGee ?????? Bayh ?? Cannon YY Beker NY McGee ?? Hartke ?????? Lexelt YNYY?? Brock Hartke ?? NNYNNY Hansen YNYNNY Laxalt NY Brock NY Hansen NY Democrats Republicans "Buckley elected as Conservative **Byrd elected as independent Democrats Republicans "Buckley elected as Conservative **Byrd elected as independent. 561. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. Judg- 564. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. Scott ment of the Senate that the Hollings (D S.C.) amendment to (R Va.) amendment to provide that members of Congress and the eliminate the so-called 1 per cent "kicker" raise for federal retirees Vice President could return any portion of their salaries to the was germane. Amendment ruled germane 60-20: R 22-12; D 38-8 federal Treasury. Rejected 26-49: R 12-21; D 14-28 (ND 11-15; SD (ND 23-6; SD 15-2), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) 13), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) 567. S Con Res 109. Fiscal 1977 Budget Levels. Adoption of the resolution to set binding fiscal 1977 budget levels of revenues of 562. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. $362-billion, budget authority of 147.5-billion, outlays of $412.8- Stevens (R Alaska) motion to table, and thus to kill, the Hollings 565. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. billion and a deficit of $50.8-billion. Adopted 55-23: R 14-18; D 41-5 (D S.C.) amendment to eliminate the 1 per cent "kicker" raise for Stevens (R Alaska) amendment to allow salary increases (ND 27-3; SD 14-2), Sept. 9, 1976. (Story, p. 2455) federal retirees. Motion to table rejected 11-68: R 9-25; D 2-43 (ND recommended by the President and approved by Congress as a 2-26; SD 0-17), Sept. 8, 1976. (The Hollings (D S.C.) amendment result of a recommendation of the so-called quadrennial commis- 568. S 522. Indian Health Care. Jackson (D Wash.) motion that was subsequently adopted by voice vote.) (Story, p. 2492) sion to take effect. Adopted 41-28: 15-15; D 26-13 (ND SD 7- the Senate recede from its amendment and concur in the House 9), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2492) version of the bill to improve federal health programs for Indians 563. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. Taft and Alaskan natives with a further amendment to increase funding (R Ohio) motion to table, and thus kill, the Gravel (D Alaska) authorized in fiscal 1978 for health services to $10-million, from $5- amendment to provide that the freeze on congressional salaries 566. HR 14238. Legislative Appropriations, Fiscal 1977. million. Agreed to 78-0: R 31-0; D 47-0 (ND 30-0; SD 17-0), Sept. 9, would not take effect until after Congress had had a chance to con- Passage of the bill to appropriate $971,141,285 for fiscal 1977 for the 1976. sider recommendations of the so-called quadrennial commission for operations of the legislative branch, the Library of Congress and pay raises expected to be presented in January 1977. Motion to related agencies controlled by Congress. Passed 63-5: R 27-3; 36-2 table agreed to 65-13: R 25-9; D 40-4 (ND 25-3; SD 15-1), Sept. 8, (ND 21-2; SD 15-0), Sept. 8, 1976. The President had requested 1976. (Story, p. 2492) $992,290,765 for fiscal 1977. (Story, p. 2492) PAGE 2488-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. Reproduction prohibited in whole in part except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited in whole or in part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2489 CQ House Votes 528-535 Corresponding to Congressional Record Votes 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 704 KEY 532 532 ======== Y Voted for (yea) Paired for 5 Armstrong NNYYYNYY KANSAS Randall NYYYNNY? Martin N?YYYNYY Jones NNYYNNYY Sebelius 5 Bolling YYNYNYYY 10 Broyhill NNYYYNYY Ford t Announced for CONNECTICUT YYNYNYYY Keys YYNYNYYY 6 Vacancy 11 Taylor NYYYNYYY TEXAS N Voted against (nay) Cotter YYNYNYYY Winn NYYYYNYY 7 Taylor NNYYYNYY NORTH DAKOTA Hall ?7Y7YNYY X Paired against Dodd YYNYNYYY 4 Shriver NYYYNNYY 8 Ichord NYYYYNYY AL Andrews NYYYYNY? Wilson NYYYNYYY Announced against. 3 Giaimo NNY?YNYY 9 Hungate NYYYNYYY OHIO Collins NNYYYNYY P Voted "present 4 McKinney NYNYNNYY 5 Skubitz YYNYNNYY KENTUCKY 10 Burlison NYYYNYYY 1 Gradison NYNYNNYY Roberts NYYYYYYY Voted "present" to avoid 5 Sarasin YYNYNYNY Hubbard NYYYYNYY MONTANA 2 Clancy 77/YYNYY Steelman X7X7777? possible conflict of interest 6 Moffett 2 Natcher NYYYNYYY Baucus NYNYNYYY Whalen YYNYNYYY 6 Teague X77NYYY Did not vote or otherwise DELAWARE 3 Mazzol NYNYNYYY Melcher ???????? Guyer NNYYYNYY Archer NNYYYNYY make position known AL du Pont TXYNNY Snyder NYYYYNYY NEBRASKA Latta NYYYYNYY 8 Eckhardt YYNYNYYY 528. HR 10498. Clean Air Act Amendments. Maquire (D N.J.) FLORIDA YNYYNNYY 1 Thone NYNYYNYY 6 Harsha NNYYYNYY 9 Brooks NYYYNYYY Sikes NNYYNNYY 5 Carter amendment to delete the "Class III" nondegradation category from NYNYNYYY 6 Breckinridge NYYYNYYY 2 McCollister 77777777 7 Brown X7YYNYY 10 Pickle NYYYNYYY 2 Fuqua 7 Perkins NYNYNYYY 3 Smith NYNYYNYY 8 Kindness NNYYYNYY the bill, thus requiring more stringent protection of air in areas 11 Poage NYYYNYYY 3 Bennett NYYYYYYY 4 Chappeli NYYYYNYY LOUISIANA NEVADA 9 Ashley NYNYNYYY 12 Wright NYYYNYYY where it had not deteriorated to the minimum air quality levels re- Hebert X7N??YY AL Santini NYYYNYYY 10 Miller NYYYYNYY 13 Hightower NYYYNYYY 5 Kelly NNYYYNYY quired by national standards. Rejected 107-247: R 18-98; D 89-149 Boggs NYNYNYYY NEW HAMPSHIRE 11 Stanton NYYYNNYY 14 Young NYY???7? 6 Young NNYYYNYY NNYYYNYY D'Amours 12 Devine NNYYYNYY 15 de Garza NYYY?YYY (ND 79-80; SD 10-69), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2457) Gibbons YYNYNYYY 3 Treen 4 Waggonner NNYYNNYY ALABAMA Haley PY/YYYYY 2 Cleveland YYNYNNYY 13 Mosher YYNYNYNY 16 White NYYYNYYY 5 Passman 7YY?YY 529. HR 10498. Clean Air Act Amendments. Rogers (D Fla.) NYYYYNYY Frey NYYYYNYY NEW JERSEY 14 Seiberling YYNYNYNY 17 Burleson NYYYNYYY 1 Edwards 6 Moore NYYYYNYY Florio NYNYNYYY 15 Wylle X77?W??? 18 Jordan NYNYNYYY 2 Dickinson NNYYYNNY 10 Bafalls 000YYNYY amendment to establish a National Commission on Air Quality to Breaux NYYYNYY NYNYNYYY 2 Hughes NYNYNNYY 16 Regula NYYYYNYY 19 Mahon NYYYNYYY 3 Nichols NYYYYYYY 11 Rogers Long NYYYNYYY 3 Howard ?X7X??? 17 Ashbrook X?YYNYY 20 Gonzalez YYYYNNYY review implementation of the act. Adopted 301-57: R 66-48; 235-9 Bevill N?YYYYYY 12 Burke 7?-YYNYY YYNY???Y MAINE 4 Thompson YYNYNYX? 18 Vacancy 21 Krueger NYYYNYYY (ND 167-0; SD 68-9), Sept. 8, 1976. (Story, p. 2457) 5 Jones NYYYNY?Y 13 Lehman Emery NYNYNYYY 5 Fenwick YYNYNYYY 19 Carney YYNYNYYY 22 Paul NNYYYNY? 6 Buchanan NYYYYNYY 14 Pepper YYNYNYYY 2 Cohen NYNYNYYY 6 Forsythe NYNYNNNY 20 Stanton 77777777 23 Kazen NYYYNYYY 7 Flowers NYYYNYYY 15 Fascell NYNYNYYY MARYLAND Maguire YYNYNYNY 530. HR 10498. Clean Air Act Amendments. Chappell (D Fla.) 21 Stokes YYYYNYNY 24 Milford ? Y Y Y Y Y Y Y ALASKA GEORGIA Bauman NNYYYNYY NYNYNYYY 22 Vanik YYNYNYNY UTAH amendment to delete from the bill provisions to require protection AL Young X??? Ginn NYYYYYY Y 47777777 NYYYYYYY 2 Long NYNYNYYY Helstoski 23 Motti YYNYYNYY McKay NYNYNYYY of pristine air (nondegradation) and direct the National Commis- ARIZONA Mathis NYYYYNYY Sarbanes YYNYNYY? 10 Rodino YYNYNYYY OKLAHOMA Howe sion on Air Quality to conduct a one-year study of the issue. Re- Rhodes NYYYNNYY Brinkley NYNYYYYY Holt NNYYYNYY 11 Minish YYNYNYYY 1 Jones NYYYYYYY VERMONT 2 Udall YYNYNYYY Levitas 5 Spellman WYNYNYYY 12 Rinaldo NYNYNYYY 2 Risenhoover NYYYYYYY AL Jeffords NYNYNNYY jected 156-199: R 77-38; D 79-161 (ND 20-142; SD 59-19), Sept. 8, 3 Steiger Young ???YNY?? NNYYYNYY 6 Byron NYYYYNYY 13 Meyner YYNYNYYY 3 Albert VIRGINIA 1976. (Story, p. 2457) Conlan Flynt YYNYNYNY YYNYNYYY Steed NYYYNYY? 1 Downing NYYYNYYY McDonald NNYYYNYY Mitchell 14 Daniels ARKANSAS 8 Gude YYNYNYY? 15 Patten NYNYNYYY Jarman NYYYYYYY 2 Whitehurst NNYYYNYY Alexander ???YYYYY 8 Stuckey X77YNYY 531. H Res 1526. Privilege of the House Floor. Adoption of the N?YYNYYY MASSACHUSETTS NEW MEXICO 6 English NYYYYYYY 3 Satterfield NNYYYNYY 2 Mills NYWYNYYY 9 Landrum 1 Conte YYNYNYYY 1 Lujan X?X?7?? OREGON Daniel NNYYYNYY resolution to request an investigation by the House Rules Com- 3 Hammerschmidt NNYYYNYY 10 Stephens X? 2 Boland NYNYNYYY 2 Runnels AuCoin NYN???7? Daniel NNYYYNYY mittee concerning certain abuses of privileges regarding House floor 4 Thornton NYYYNYYY HAWAII 3 Early YYNYNYNY NEW YORK 2 Uliman NYYY?YYY 6 Butler NNYYYNY? CALIFORNIA Matsunaga NYYYNYYY proceedings by former House members. Adopted 371-1: R 122-0; D Drinan YYNYNYNY Pike NYNYNYYY 3 Duncan 7 Robinson NNYYYNYY Johnson NYNYNYYY Mink 5 Tsongas YYNYNYNY Downey YYNYNYYY Weaver ???????? 8 Harris YYNYNYYY 249-1 (ND 167-0; SD 82-1), Sept. 9, 1976. 2 Clausen ???????? IDAHO YY?YNYYY Symms X2V3772 6 Harrington YY?YNNNP Ambro YYNYNYYY PENNSYLVANIA 9 Wampler NNYYYNYY Moss 7 Vacancy Lent NYNYNNYY 1 Vacancy 10 Fisher YYNYNNYY Leggett NYNYNYYY 2 Hansen, G. X7V3V777 532. H Con Res 728. Fiscal 1977 Budget Levels. Rousselot (R 8 O'Neill YYNYNYY? Wydler YNNYNNYY 2 Nix NYNYNYYY WASHINGTON Burton. YYNYNNNY ILLINOIS YYNYNYYY YYNYNYYY 3 Green 77777777 1 Pritchard NYNYNNYY Calif.) substitute amendment to H Con Res 728 (see vote 533, below) YYNYNYN? 9 Moakley Wolft 6 Burton. P YYNYNY? Metcalfe X?X?X??? 10 Heckler YYN?NYYY 7 Addabbo 4?X?X7?? 4 Eilberg ?YNYNYYY 2 Meeds NYNYNYYY to produce a balanced budget by setting revenues and outlays for Miller NYNYNYNY 2 Murphy YYNYX??? 11 Burke YYNYNYYY 8 Rosenthal 47XYNYNY 5 Schulze NNYYYNYY 3 Bonker NYNYNYYY fiscal 1977 at $362.5-billion. Rejected 111-264: R 76-49; D 35-215 Dellums YYNYNNNY 3 Russo NNNYYNYY 12 Studds YYNYNYNY 9 Delaney YYNYNYYY 6 Yatron NYNYNYYY 4 McCormack NYYYNYYY 9 Stark YYNYNYNY 4 Derwinski (ND 6-163; SD 29-52), Sept. 9, 1976. (Story, p. 2455) NYNYNYY? MICHIGAN 10 Biagg YYNYNYY? 7 Edgar YYNYNYYY 5 Foley ?YYYNY YY 10 Edwards VYNYNYNY Fary X?YYNYY Conyers YY?YNNNY Scheuer YYNYNYYY 8 Blester YYNYNNYY 6 Hicks NYYYNYYY 11 Ryan Hyde NYNYNY?? Esch 7777?NY? 12 Chisholm ?X?X??? 9 Shuster NNYYNNYY Adams NYNYNYYY 533. H Con Res 728. Fiscal 1977 Budget Levels. Adoption of 12 McCloskey YYNYNNYY Collins NYNYNYY? 3 Brown ???YYNYY 13 Solarz WYNYNYNY 10 McDade NYNYNYYY WEST VIRGINIA 13 Mineta NYNYNYYY 8 Rostenkowski the resolution to set binding fiscal 1977 budget levels of revenues of 4 Hutchinson NNYYYNYY ?YNYNYYN 14 Richmond YYNYNYNY 11 Flood NYNYNYYY 1 Mollohan NYYYN??? 14 McFall NYNYNYYY 9 Yates YYNYNYY? 5 Vander Veen ????NYYY 15 Zeferetti 4?X?X??? 12 Murtha NYNYNYYY 2 Staggers NYNYNYYY $362.5-billion, budget authority of $452.6-billion, outlays of $413.2- 15 Sisk 42222222 10 Mikva NYNYNYYY YYNYNYNY YNNYNNYY NYYYNYYY billion and a deficit to $50.7-billion. Adopted 227-151: R 12-113; D NYNYYNYY NYNYNYY? 6 Carr 16 Holtzman 13 Coughlin 3 Slack 16 Talcott 11 Annunzio YYNYNYYY Riegle Y7777YY NNYYYNY? 17 Murphy NYXYNYYY 14 Moorhead YYNYNYYY 4 Hechler YYNYNYNY 17 Krebs 12 Crane 215-38 (ND 154-16; SD 61-22), Sept. 9, 1976. (Story, p. 2455) NYYYYNYY 8 Traxler NYNYNY?Y Koch YYNYNYNY 15 Rooney NYNYNYYY WISCONSIN 18 Ketchum NNYYYNY?1 13 McClory NYYYNNYY Vander Jagt NYNYYNYY 19 Rangel YYXYNY?? 16 Eshleman ???YYNYY Aspin 27727777 19 Lagomarsino NYNYYNYY 14 Erienborn 10 Cederberg NNYYNNYY NYNYNYY? 20 Abzug 7X?X??? 17 Schneebell NNYYYNYY 2 Kastenmeier YYNYNNNY 534. HR 14262. Defense Department Appropriations, Fiscal 20 Goldwater X????NYY 15 NYYYNNY? 3 Baldus NYYYNYNY 47X7X74? YNNYNNYY 11 Ruppe 21 Badillo 18 Heinz 1977. Adoption of the conference report on the bill to appropriate 21 Corman 16 Anderson NYYYYNYY 12 Hara NYNYNYYY 22 Bingham YYNYNYNY 19 Goodling. W. NNYYYNYY 4 Zablocki NYNYNYYY 22 Moorhead NYYYYNYY 17 O'Brien $104,343,835,000 for operations and programs of the Department of NNYYYNYY 13 Diggs ?N?NYY? 23 Peyser 20 Gaydos ?YNYNYYY Reuss NYNYNYNY 23 Rees YY??NYNY 18 Michel Nedzi NYNYNYYY NYYYNNYY 24 Ottinger YYNYNNNY 21 Dent NYNYNYYY Steiger NYYYNNYY Defense for fiscal year 1977. Adopted 323-45: R 121-3; D 202-42 (ND 24 Waxman YYNYNYYY 19 Rallsback 15 Ford NYNYNYYY WYNYNYNY 20 Findley NYYYYNYY 25 Fish YYNYNNYY 22 Morgan NYNYNYY? Obey YYNYNYNY 120-42; SD 82-0), Sept. 9, 1976. The President had requested 25 Roybal NYN?NYYY YYNYNNYY NYYYNNYY 16 Dingell 26 Gliman 23 Johnson NYYYYNYY Cornell NYNYNYNN 26 Rousselot NNYYYNY? 21 Madigan $107,936,172,000. (Story, p. 2459) 17 Brodhead 77777727 27 McHugh NYNYNYYY 27 Bell NYNYN??? 22 Shipley NYYYNYYY 24 Vigorito NYNYNYYY Kasten NYNYYNYY 28 Burke YYNYNYNY 23 Price NYNYNYYY 18 Blanchard YYNYNYYY 28 Stratton NYYYNYYY 25 Myers YNNYNNYY WYOMING 29 Hawkins YYNYNYYY 19 Broomfield YYYYYNYY 29 Pattison YYNYNYYY RHODE ISLAND AL Roncalio NYNYNYYY 535. HR 14262. Defense Department Appropriations, Fiscal YYNYNYNY 24 Simon MINNESOTA 30 McEwen NNYYNNYY St Germain 1977. Mahon (D Texas) motion to concur in the Senate amendment 30 Danielson NYNYNYYY INDIANA 1 Quie NYNYNNYY 31 Mitchell NYNYN??? Beard YYNYNYYY NYNYNY?? 31 Wilson YYNYNYYY Madden 2 Hagedorn NNYYYNYY 32 Hanley NYNYNYYY to the bill that would waive the prohibition on CHAMPUS 32 Anderson YYNYYYYY NYNYNNYY SOUTH CAROLINA Fithian Frenzel NYYYNNYY 33 Waish X?X????? 33 Clawson Brademas YYNYNYY? Davis NYNYNYYY payments for counseling services in cases where the counseling had NNY? 4 Karth 34 Horton ??X?NYYY Spence NYYYYNYY been recommended by a physician. Motion agreed to 342-4: R 115- 34 Hannaford NYNYNYYY Roush YYNYNYYY Fraser YYNYNYYY 35 Coneble NNYYNNYY Derrick NYNYNYYY 35 Lloyd YYNYNYYY Hillis N??YNNYY 0; D 227-4 (ND 146-4; SD 81-0), Sept. 9, 1976. (Story, p. 2459) NYYYYNYY Nolan YYN????? 36 LaFalce NYYYNYYY Mann NYYYYNY? 36 Brown YYNYNYNY Evans Bergland NYNYNY?? 37 Nowak NYNYNYYY Holland NYYYYYY? 37 Pettis NYNYNNYY Myers NYYYYNYY Oberstar NYNYNYNY 38 Kemp NYYYYNYY 6 Jenrette NYYYNYYY 38 Patterson YYNYNYYY 8 Hayes YYNYNYYY MISSISSIPPI 39 Lundine ???YNNYY SOUTH DAKOTA 39 Wiggins Hamilton NYNYNYYY Whitten NYYYNYYY NORTH CAROLINA Pressler NYNYNNYY 40 Hinshaw 10 Sharp YYNYNYYY Bowen NYYYYN?Y NYNYNNYY Jones NYYYNYYY Abdnor NYYYNNYY 41 Wilson 11 Jacobs YYNYNYYY Montgomery NNYYYNYY 2 Fountain NYYYNNYY TENNESSEE 42 Van Deerlin IOWA Cochran NYYYYNYY 3 Henderson Y7YYYYY Quillen NNYYYNYY 43 Burgener NYYYYN?? Mezvinsky NYNYNYNY Lott NYYYYNYY NYYYNNYY NNYYYNYY COLORADO Blouin NYNYNYNY 4 Andrews Duncan MISSOURI 5 Neal NYYYNYYY Schroeder YYNYYNYY Grassley NNYYYNYY Lloyd NNYYYNYY Clay YYYYNYNY YYNYNYYY Smith 6 Preyer NYNYNYYY Evins NYYY?YY? Wirth NYNYNYYY 2 Symington NYNYNYYY 7 Rose NYNYNYYY Allen YYNYNNYY 3 Evans NYNYNYYY Harkin NYNYNYNY 3 Sullivan ??7YNYYN 8 Hefner NYYYNYYY 6 Beard NNYYYNYY 4 Johnson NNYYYNYY Bedell NYNYNYNN Democrats Republicans Democrats Republicans PAGE 2490-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2491 Inside Congress 2 The number of aides on the Hill grew by 44 per cent Congressional Budget Office of Inside Congress between 1970 and 1976, the report said, while the size of the total federal work force grew by only 12 per cent during the The committee recommended $9,319,200 for the new same period. Congressional Budget Office, an amount equal to the House-passed figure. This amount was requested by Budget Committee Report Office Director Alice Rivlin and would allow the CBO to add Senate Votes To Reject 15 new positions, bringing its total staff to 208. Members Refusing '75 Pay Raise The Senate Appropriations Committee reported HR Congressional Pay Raise 14238 (S Rept 94-1201) Sept. 3 with appropriations totaling Architect of the Capitol $1,008,850,285 for fiscal 1977. The amount was $16,559,520 The following members of Congress have returned An election-minded Senate voted Sept. 8 to deny a higher than the budget request and $75,801,882 over the The committee proposed an appropriation of $124,479,- all or part of their 1975 cost-of-living pay increase as of cost-of-living pay raise for members of Congress this year, to amount appropriated for fiscal 1976. 500 for fiscal 1977 for the Architect of the Capitol, an Sept. 1, according to the Treasury Department's The committee's recommendation was $228,539,335 amount that was $86,841,500 above the House-passed scrap plans for a new $35-million Senate office building, and Bureau of Government Financial Operations. The pay more than the House had approved, with most of the in- amount and $22,854,800 above the budget. to cut in half the number of operators on automatic raise amounted to a $2,100 annual salary increase for crease devoted to expenses of the Senate, which by custom Two items in this section that promised to be con- elevators in the Capitol and Senate office buildings. most members of Congress. (Earlier box, Weekly troversial were the committee's recommendation of $25- These three actions were taken as the Senate cut $37.7- are not considered by the House. Report p. 884) million for restoration of the West Front of the Capitol and million from the fiscal 1977 legislative appropriations bill REPRESENTATIVES Senate Operations $35.5-million for acquisition of additional Senate office (HR 14238) approved by the Appropriations Committee. space. As passed by the Senate 63-5, the measure L.A. (Skip) Bafalis (R Fla.) $ 958.60 The committee recommended $135,988,875 for opera- In recommending restoration of the West Front, the appropriated $971,141,285 to run the legislative branch dur- Alphonzo Bell (R Calif.) 958.60 tion of the Senate during fiscal 1977, an amount equal to the committee pointed out that "the central West Front of the ing fiscal 1977. (Vote 566, p. 2488) Charles E. Bennett (D Fla.) 766.88 budget request and an increase of $9,914,230 over the 1976 Capitol has not been painted since 1967 and is a shameful In another major cost saving action, the Senate voted to Bob Carr (D Mich) 1,120.00 appropriation. The bulk of the increase was earmarked for disgrace to the millions of Bicentennial visitors end the system of paying a 1 per cent bonus to federal Jack Edwards (R Ala.) 900.00 salary boosts for senators and Senate employees. retirees every time they received a cost-of-living increase in *Charles E. Grassley (R Iowa) 1,400.00 Senators' Compensation. The committee Library of Congress their pensions. Tom Harkin (D Iowa) 1,575.00 recommended $5,068,630 for salaries and mileage and ex- The Senate voted to scrap entirely the existing law, David N. Henderson (D N.C.) 1,727.00 pense allowances for senators, the Vice President and the The committee recommended an appropriation of which provided for the paying of the bonus every time the Henry J. Hyde (R Ill.) 835.47 Senate leadership. $139,260,000 for the Library of Congress, an increase of cost of living rose by 3 per cent over three consecutive Andy Jacobs Jr. (D Ind.) 858.48 Senate Employees. For salaries of employees of the $3,844,900 over the House-passed amount. months. William M. Ketchum (R Calif.) 575.22 Senate and of aides to individual senators, the committee The bulk of the increase was earmarked for additional Instead, it voted for a system that would adjust the Edward Mezvinsky (D Iowa) 1,750.00 recommended an appropriation of $89,613,110. The com- personnel, including 31 more jobs than the House had pensions automatically every six months without the so- George Miller (D Calif.) 862.74 mittee recommended no changes in the size of Senate staffs, allowed for the library itself and 25 positions not funded by called 1 per cent kicker. Charles A. Mosher (R Ohio) 176.75 but did provide funds for seven new positions in the office of the House for the Copyright Office. But the desire to cut costs did not dominate all the ac- George M. O'Brien (R III.) 958.61 the Secretary of the Senate, 38 new jobs in the Sergeant at All 44 positions requested by the Congressional tion on the bill. The Senate crackdown on pay raises, for ex- Phil Sharp (D Ind.) 1,575.00 Arms and Doorkeeper's offices and an adjustment in the Research Service of the library were approved. The House ample, did not go as far as the House. ranks of Capitol policemen to meet salary raises of local, had approved 12 new positions. Grossley told Congressional Quorterly he personally presented o check to Treasury The House had voted to ban all pay raises for all top Secretary William E. Simon for on additional a of $525 on Dec. 13, 1975. The amount District of Columbia, police forces. level federal officials-including judges and high ranking was not recorded by the Bureau of Government Financial Operations. Legislative Counsel. The committee recommended Floor Action executive branch bureaucrats as well as congressmen-dur- Some members of the House channeled their $629,700 for the office of Legislative Counsel of the Senate, ing fiscal 1977. payments through the office of the clerk of the House. an amount equal to the budget estimate. Pay Raises. On the pay raise controversy, the Senate The Senate killed only the automatic pay raise for The report of the clerk of the House through Dec. 31, Contingent Expenses. The committee recommended Sept. 7 adopted a compromise position that was between members of Congress scheduled to take effect in October. Its 1975, listed the following members as having made gifts an appropriation of $40,677,435 for contingent expenses of the House decision to ban pay raises for all top-level federal version permitted the raise for other federal employees to of part of their salaries to the Treasury: the Senate in fiscal 1977, including $21,854,485 for special officials, including members of Congress, for fiscal 1977, and take effect and reserved judgment on the expected John B. Breaux (D La.) $194.80 investigations. The total amount was the same as the the Senate committee-backed proposal to allow the raises to recommendation for pay hikes for members and other of- Norman E. D'Amours (D N.H.) 194.80 budget estimate. take effect for all federal employees. ficials expected to be presented to Congress by the so-called Christopher J. Dodd (D Conn.) 97.40 Joint Items The Senate adopted by voice vote an amendment spon- quadrennial commission in January 1977. Millicent Fenwick (R N.J.) 350.00 sored by Robert Taft Jr. (R Ohio) to allow the October cost- In an action likely to re-ignite a long smouldering dis- Louis Frey Jr. (R Fla.) 192.14 The committee proposed a $55,488,860 appropriation of-living increase, estimated at approximately 5 per cent, to agreement with the House, the Senate endorsed a Senate Ken Hechler (D W.Va.) 350.00 for fiscal 1977 to pay for the six joint committees and other take effect for all federal employees except members of Appropriations Committee proposal to spend $25-million to Jack F. Kemp (R N.Y.) 95.86 activities shared with the House. The amount was $220,060 Congress. The Taft language also allowed any other pro- renovate the West Front of the Capitol without changing its Martha Keys (D Kan.) 135.92 more than the House-passed figure and $71,400 below the posed pay increases during fiscal 1977 to take effect. appearance or location. The House in the past has favored *Jerry Litton (D Mo.) 287.58 budget estimate. Following adoption of the Taft amendment, a motion to an extension rather than a renovation. Andrew Maguire (D N.J.) 191.72 The largest single item in this section was a $46,904,000 reconsider the vote, supported by senators favoring the in- In a related development the day after the Senate Henry J. Nowak (D N.Y.) 191.72 recommendation for official mail costs, specifically to reim- crease, was tabled handily, 55-19. (Vote 555, p. 2487) passed its bill, Tax Foundation Inc., a non-profit organiza- *Died Aug. 3 burse the U.S. Postal Service for official mail sent by Backers of the Taft amendment argued that it was un- tion based in New York, released a study showing that SENATORS members and Senate employees. This was $803,000 above fair to penalize other government workers, especially judges, appropriations for the legislative branch in fiscal 1976 were the fiscal 1976 appropriation. simply because Congress, in an election year, was unwilling nearly triple the fiscal 1970 level. Lloyd Bentsen (D Texas) 1,120.00 to vote a raise for itself. According to the study, the single most important Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Ind Va.) 289.41 Office of Technology Assessment "A pay raise for other federal employees is fair and reason for the increase was congressional salaries, both the Robert C. Byrd (D W.Va.) 960.88 necessary to keep first class people in government," Taft large pay raises granted in recent years and those needed to Lawton Chiles (D Fla.) 1,750.00 The committee recommended an appropriation of $8- said. "However, I point out that there seems to be no lack of pay additional staff members. John A. Durkin (D N.H.) 289.00 million for the the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), candidates for the jobs we hold in the House and Senate." "Congressional staff salaries," the report said, "are Jennings Randolph (D W.Va.) 1,750.00 an amount $1,422,000 above the House-passed total. The in- But opponents of the Taft amendment said that what high by almost any standard," averaging $15,000 a year in Richard (Dick) Stone (D Fla.) 1,750.00 crease, according to the committee, was needed to provide was fair for other employees should be fair for members of the Senate and $14,000 a year in the House, as against the Robert Taft Jr. (R Ohio) 1,610.00 fully for "the high priority oceans and energy assessment Congress as well. "It seems to me that if we want the best national per capita average salary of $5,000 a year. programs." caliber of people representing us in Congress," said William PAGE 2492-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients. Reproduction prohibited whole part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2493 Inside Congress 4 Inside Congress 3 House-Passed Senate-Passed Chairman John J. Flynt Jr. (D Ga.) said it was the Lloyd Scott (R Va.), "they should be paid comparable pay. I But John C. Culver (D Iowa), in a long and colorful Item denunciation of the building, said the needs of the Senate Appropriation Appropriation committee's feeling that Hinshaw should not be expelled think that we are letting politics decide this question." since his conviction involved actions taken before his elec- could be met by reallocation of existing space. Copyright Royalty Politics did appear to play a role in the outcome of the Commission Culver denounced the 400 North Capitol Street 268,000 tion to the House and because the conviction itself was still issue. Of those voting to reconsider the Taft amendment, Government Printing Office 140,827,400 140,827,400 under appeal. The two members voting in favor of the only one, Henry M. Jackson (D Wash.), was facing re- building as a "white elephant," a "mausoleum," and a General Accounting Office 150,580,000 150,580,000 resolution were Republicans Floyd Spence (S.C.) and election in 1976. "boilerplate, speculative building." Cost Accounting Standards Albert H. Quie (Minn.). Wiggins was not a member of the In the key vote on the issue, the Senate then rejected, Hollings called Culver's statements "malarkey," but in Board 1,700,000 1,700,000 committee. 25-46, the Senate committee-sponsored amendment that the end the Senate decided, on a vote of 28-53, that the com- Total $780,310,950 $971,141,285 had the effect of granting the pay increase for congressmen mittee amendment was not germane to the bill, in effect as well. Again, Jackson was the only senator up for re- killing it. Majorities of both parties voted against it: R 10- *These items not considered by the House. election to vote for the pay hike. (Vote 556, p. 2487) 24; D 18-29. (Vote 560, p. 2487) -By Thomas P. Southwick There remained some confusion about whether the House-passed language on the pay issue was retroactive, One Per Cent Kicker Weekly Report eliminating the cost-of-living raise given members in 1975. With enactment in 1969 of a law (PL 91-93) making Sentenced for Speeding: Therefore, without objection, the Senate adopted an modifications in the federal pension system, government amendment by Ernest F. Hollings (D S.C.) specifying that Chairman of the Board Editor and President retirees became eligible to receive a bonus in their pensions salaries of members would be frozen at the level in effect as Horton Released From Jail Nelson Poynter Eugene Patterson every time the cost of living went up by 3 per cent over the of Sept. 30, 1976. previous base period for three consecutive months. In such Executive Editor General Manager On Sept. 8 the Senate adopted another amendment situations, they became eligible for an extra 1 per cent Rep. Frank Horton (R N.Y.) was released from Genesee Wayne Kelley Paul Massa relating to the pay issue. Sponsored by Ted Stevens (R "kicker" payment. County Jail in Batavia, N.Y., Sept. 7 after serving less than Alaska), it provided that the pay freeze would not apply to The idea behind the kicker was to make up for the delay a week of an 11-day sentence for speeding. Officials said EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT recommendations by the so-called quadrennial commission between the time the cost of living began to rise and the Horton's early release was for good behavior. Peter A. Harkness (Managing Editor) that were expected to be made in January 1977. time it rose high enough to trigger a raise in pensions. Horton had been arrested for speeding and drunken Mercer Cross (Assistant to Executive Editor) The amendment to reserve judgment on this expected However, because the kicker was then included in the driving on the New York State Thruway near Batavia July John L. Maore (Asst. Managing Editor) pay hike was adopted on a vote of 41-28. (Vote 565, p. 2488) base for the next raise, it had a multiplier effect, which some Michael D. Wormser (Asst. Managing Editor) 18. (Earlier story, Weekly Report p. 2031) Alan Ehrenhalt (Political Editor) The Senate earlier the same day had rejected a related critics charged went far beyond its intent. After pleading guilty to the charges before Justice amendment, sponsored by Mike Gravel (D Alaska), that Hollings said the effect of the kicker had been to in- Frederick Muskopf, Horton was sentenced Aug. 31 to serve News Editors RESEARCH DEPARTMENT would have delayed the effect of the pay raise freeze until crease federal annuities by 72 per cent, between 1969 and 11 days in jail. Muskopf also ordered Horton to pay a fine of Mary Cohn Robert E. Cuthriell (Director) after consideration of the quadrennial commission's report. 1975, while the cost of living went up only 56 per cent. This $200-$100 each for the two charges. Horton's driver's Caralyn Mathiasen Wayne Walker (Asst. Director) The Gravel amendment was tabled, and thus killed, by a resulted in an additional loss to the government of $1.6- licence also was revoked. Peg O'Hara Edno Frazier (Librarian) Diane Huffman (Indexer) 65-13 vote. (Vote 563, p. 2488) billion over the seven-year period. At a news conference following his release, Horton said James R. Berger The Senate also rejected, 26-49, an amendment spon- Earlier in the year the Senate had approved legislation he had been resentenced by Muskopf, thus allowing him to Harrison H. Donnelly sored by Scott (Va.) that would have officially allowed (HR 12438) repealing the kicker for military retirees, but serve the jail sentence for the speeding charge while he Reporters Walter E. Eling members of Congress to return to the Treasury any portion related legislation to do the same for civilians remained received a conditional discharge on the drunken driving Elizabeth Bowman Mark Gruenberg of their salaries. (Vote 564, p. 2488) bottled up in the Senate Post Office and Civil Service Com- Rhodes Cook charge. This change, said Horton, allowed him to regain his Jerome Harris Prudence Crewdson mittee. (Weekly Report p. 1704) driver's license on the condition that he attend a state driv- Gary C. Hong Ted Stevens (R Alaska), the ranking Republican on Mary Eisner Eccles Elevator Operators ing rehabilitation school. Susan B. Jenkins Judy Gardner By a vote of 51-30 Sept. 8, the Senate adopted an that committee, objected to the Hollings amendment as an Horton was the first sitting member of Congress to David Loomis Mary Link amendment sponsored by Dewey F. Bartlett (R Okla.) to infringement on his committee's rights. But the Senate, on serve time in jail since Rep. Thomas J. Lane (D Mass. 1941- Warden Moxley Margaret Hurst Lowe Carol Ott reduce to 63 from 125 the number of persons operating a vote of 60-20, ruled the amendment germane and then re- 63), who served a four-month term in 1956 for federal in- David M. Maxfield Bob Rankin automatic elevators in the Capitol and the congressional of- jected Stevens' motion to table the amendment by a vote of come tax evasion. Matt Pinkus Mary Anne Rothwell fice buildings. (Vote 557, p. 2487) 11-68. It then adopted the Hollings amendment by voice After his release Horton said his sentence showed that Danald Smith David Speights Bartlett said his amendment would save $502,262 a vote. (Votes 561, 562, p. 2488) in his case, justice "was administered without regard to Thomas P. Southwick Robert D. Wakefield Jr. Pat Towell year and that the reduction had been recommended by the The Senate then went on to adopt an amendment spon- social, economic or political position." Elizabeth Wehr Ted Vaden Architect of the Capitol. He argued that to continue to pay sored by Lawton Chiles (D Fla.) to replace the existing James R. Wagner BOOK DEPARTMENT people to run automatic elevators would "make a mockery method of computing cost-of-living pension increases with a Elder Witt Robert A. Diamond (Editor) out of our desire to hold the line on government spending." system that would adjust pensions automatically every Patricia Ann O'Connor (Asst. Editor) six months. INSIDE CONGRESS NOTES Robert E. Healy Senate Office Building Jeanne D. Heise Provisions Editorial Assistants Mary Neumann The committee had recommended an appropriation of Michael L. Pleasants David Tarr $35.5-million for the purchase of a building at 400 North Rep. Hinshaw Status Lynda McNeil Capitol Street to serve as a fourth Senate office building. As passed by the Senate Sept. 8 and by the House Sept. Margaret Thompsan 1, HR 14238 made appropriations for the legislative branch The House Select Committee on Standards of Official Laura Weiss The building had been the subject of some controversy for fiscal 1977 in the following amounts: Conduct voted 10-2 Sept. 2 to reject a resolution to expel for several years. Negotiations between the General Services Rep. Andrew J. Hinshaw (R Calif.). Hinshaw was convicted Proofreaders ART DEPARTMENT Administration and the building owners for a federal lease Jan. 26 on two counts of bribery that stemmed from his Eugene J. Gabler Howard Chapman (Director) broke down early in 1976 when the owners asked a rental House-Passed Senate-Passed term as Orange County assessor before he came to Sumie Kinoshita Richard A. Pottern price greater than GSA had been authorized to pay. (1975 Item Appropriation Appropriation Congress. Almanac p. 868) Senate $137,279,875 The resolution had been introduced June 30 by Rep. Hollings, defending the committee position, argued Sales Manager Promotion Director House of Representatives $241,773,550 241,773,550 Charles E. Wiggins (R Calif.) after he had tried un- Rabert C. Hur that the building's 550,000 square feet of office space was James V. Bullard Joint Items 55,268,800 55,488,860 successfully to convince Hinshaw to resign. Wiggins said needed to house additional Senate computers and to relieve Production Office of Technology Assessment 6,624,000 8,000,000 that despite the committee's vote he would bring the Controller the space squeeze in other buildings. Cangressional Budget Office 9,319,200 9,319,200 privileged resolution to the House floor, as he was per- Jonathan C. Angier I. D. Fuller (Manager) Hollings said that the existing space limitation in the Architect of the Capitol 37,638,000 85,479,500 mitted to do under House rules. (Earlier story, Weekly Kathleen E. Walsh (Asst. Manager) Senate was so bad that it violated federal regulations on Botanic Gardens 1,164,900 1,164,900 Report p. 1961) health and safety standards for workers. Library of Congress 135,415,100 139,260,000 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY NC Reproduction prohibited whole or except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2495 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. PAGE 2494-Sept. 11, 1976 Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial clients CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY of C CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY Weekly Report Weekly Report September 11, 1976 Pages 2453-2496 Vol. XXXIV No. 37 Pages 2453-2496 Sept. 11, 1976 Economic Affairs Supplemental Security Income Program 2477 Budget Resolution 2455 Law Enforcement and Judiciary Congress neared final action on a budget for the Law Enforcement Agency Authorization 2479 fiscal year beginning Oct. 1 that called for more spending, higher taxes and about one million Transportation/Communications more jobs than the plan proposed by President Communications Commission Nominees 2481 Budget Ford eight months ago. Coast Guard Authorization 2481 Tax Revision Conference 2456 Maritime Authorization 2482 Congress nears final action on budget Energy and Environment Agriculture Late Action on Legislation 2457 Peanut Subsidies 2483 as House, Senate pass resolutions (2455) With time running short, Congress struggled The 95th Congress is expected to consider a toward final action on key environmental general farm bill including a revision of a bills-clean air and toxic substances. And the program that has been criticized as one of the Rules Committee put off granting rules on two biggest boondoggles in U.S. agriculture. Defense Money more measures-strip mining and synthetic fuels. New River Bill Cleared 2458 Inside Congress Conferees agree to record $104-billion Legislative Branch Appropriations 2492 Foreign Policy/National Security Horton Released from Jail 2494 appropriations for Pentagon (2459) Defense Department Appropriations 2459 Rep. Hinshaw Status 2495 Major Weapons Funded 2460 Foreign Arms Sales Resolutions 2463 Status of Appropriations 2454 Consumer Affairs Senate Votes (555-568) 2487 Campaign Issues Senate Passes Modified Antitrust Bill 2464 House Votes (528-535) 2490 Candidates cannot easily avoid pitfalls Politics Carter and Ford-A Contrast in Styles 2465 on Social Security, welfare reform (2467) Candidates' Travel Schedules 2465 Legislative Action Nonvoters Poll 2466 Committee National Issues: Welfare, Social Security .2467 Primaries Peanut Subsidy Program (HR 12808) 2433 The second in a series of articles detailing the differences between President Ford's and Jimmy Floor Results in Arizona, Florida, Connecticut; Carter's positions on major issues likely to face Antitrust Bill (HR 8532) 2464 the 95th Congress. Budget Resolution (S Con Res 139) 2455 outlook in Washington, Wyoming (2470) Primary Results 2470 FCC Nominations Approved 2481 Arizona 2470 LEAA Extension (S 2212) 2479 Florida 2471 Legislative Branch Funds (HR 14238) 2492 Georgia 2473 Supplemental Security Income (HR 8911) 2477 Peanuts Connecticut 2473 Conference North Dakota 2473 Primary Outlook 2474 Defense Appropriations (HR 14262) 2457 Carter's livelihood helps focus attention Tax Revision (HR 10612) 2456 Washington 2474 Wyoming 2475 Final Action on $163-million subsidy program (2483) Filing Completed 2475 Coast Guard Funds (HR 11670) 2481 Day Care Centers Bill (PL 94-401) 2476 Health/Education/Welfare Maritime Programs Funds (HR 11481) 2482 Labor-Health Appropriations Bill 2476 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. New River Preservation (HR 13372) 2458 Ford Signs Day Care Center Bill 2476 1414 22nd Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 296-6800 PAGE 2496-Sept. 11, 1976 of Economic Affairs Appropriations in 2nd Session, 94th Congress Budget Conferees Approve Con Res 109) cleared in May that set targets for spending For fiscal year 1977, in thousands of dollars and revenues. Since Congress had largely stayed within those targets and the economic recovery had proceeded AS OF SEPT. 10, 1976 $413.1-Billion Ceiling close to expectations, there was no need to make dramatic changes in the binding totals, the Budget Committees ex- plained. Budget Authority (authority to obligate funds) in this type. Outlays (funds provided by these bills to be spent in fiscal 1977) in this type On Fiscal 1977 Spending Many of the adjustments in the second version were due to re-estimates in spending rates for various programs. SOURCE: Congressional Budget Office Congress neared final action on a budget for the fiscal In some areas, such as defense, totals were down slightly to year beginning Oct. 1 that called for more spending, higher reflect congressional action on appropriations bills. In taxes and about one million more jobs than the plan others, such as Medicare, adjustments had to be made proposed by President Ford eight months ago. upward because program reforms and savings anticipated in Weekly Both the House and Senate passed resolutions Sept. 9 May had not taken place. Administration Final Report setting binding levels for outlays and revenues for fiscal Request House Senate Action Page 1977. They varied only slightly, and conferees quickly Uncertainty of Recovery settled the differences Sept. 10, clearing the way for final While both the House and Senate committees Legislative Branch (HR 14238) $ 2492 congressional approval by the Sept. 15 deadline set by the 968,733 $ 780,267* $ 971,141 remained hopeful about the nation's continued recovery 1974 congressional budget act. The budget resolution does 899,619 727,449 880,296 from one of its worst recessions, they made clear they were not require the President's signature. willing to consider a third budget resolution if economic Agriculture and related agencies 11,464,892 11,703,438 12,181,232 $11,542,998 1845 The conferees on the resolution (S Con Res 139) settled conditions worsened in the coming months. (HR 14237-PL 94-351) 11,752,613 11,169,399 11,970,830 11,211,904 on revenues of $362.5-billion; outlays of $413.1-billion; "The committee is prepared to consider a subsequent budget authority of $451.5-billion and a deficit of $50.6- District of Columbia (HR 15193) 396,894 372,707 400,422 concurrent resolution early next year if the economic data billion. 352,197 333,526 355,035 received by then do not indicate that the recovery is Ford, in his mid-summer budget revision, had proposed proceeding satisfactorily," stressed the Senate committee Transportation and related agencies 5,220,471 5,280,656 5,395,718 5,296,418 2139 revenues of $352.5-billion; budget authority of $431.4- report, after noting the uncertainty of the recovery un- (HR 14234-PL 94-387) 3,737,800 3,737,180 3,903,681 3,842,469 ( billion; outlays of $400-billion and a deficit of $47.5-billion. derway. Housing and Urban Development, Space 45,306,198 42,982,730 43,336,200 43,284,615 2065 In Full Operation The House report said additional economic stimulus Science, Veterans (HR 14233) 21,078,656 20,711,721 20,750,391 20,721,251 measures should be considered early in the 95th Congress if Adoption of the final budget resolution would mark the the slowdown in the recovery experienced in the second Labor, Health, Education and Welfare and 54,661,665 55,977,862 56,896,639 56,390,858+ 2344 first full implementation of the budget procedures Congress quarter of 1976 continued the rest of the year. Even if the related agencies (HR 14232-PL 94-378) 43,057,210 43,949,818 44,234,401 44,136,059 approved in 1974 to bring some control to its previously resolution's goals were met, unemployment would remain at fragmented process of setting federal spending. Members in Interior and related agencies (HR 14231 5,748,054 5,660,897 5,797,965 5,641,379 1970 very high levels, and any great slowdown in the recovery both chambers used debate on the resolution to con- PL 94-373) 3,895,661 3,980,411 3,878,247 would produce "severe hardships" for millions of citizens, it 3,917,114 gratulate themselves for making a success of the new continued. State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary 6,313,251 6,541,128 6,880,147 6,680,314 1852 system, which had been partially tested in 1975. (Trial run, Committee economists estimated that the similar and related agencies (HR 14239- 4,785,524 4,874,964 4,989,813 4,935,180 1975 Almanac p. 120) resolutions approved by the two houses should result in un- "Perhaps the most important aspect of the final budget PL 94-362) employment of about 7 per cent by the end of 1976 and 6 per resolution of fiscal year 1977 is the fact that it contains the cent by the end of 1977, and an average inflation rate below Defense Department (HR 14262) 107,936,172 105,397,343 104,014,226 104,343,835 2459 budget of Congress and not that of the President," said 6 per cent in 1976 and about 5.5 per cent in 1977. 72,534,173 71,535,718 70,928,245 71,214,699 House Budget Committee Chairman Brock Adams (D Wash.) Sept. 8. "...The important thing is that Congress Foreign Aid (HR 14260) 5,817,770 4,833,498 5,353,265 1950 faced up to the challenge, decided upon a course of action Senate Action 2,485,682 2,218,443 2,348,945 and followed it through to a successful conclusion despite Military Construction (HR 14235- 3,472,400 3,293,118 3,426,891 3,338,759 1829 the doubts of the cynics and the occasional setback." The Senate passed S Con Res 139 on Sept. 9 by a vote of PL 94-367) 911,327 903,632 910,035 906,604 The final figures, when agreed upon by the two 55-23 after limited debate in which no opposition was ex- chambers, will set a binding floor under revenues and a ceil- pressed to the budget levels. No changes were made in the Public Works, Energy (HR 14236- 9,398,895 9,645,609 9,718,885 9,703,713 1756 ing on budget authority and outlays. Any bills that would PL 94-355) 5,342,126 5,536,110 5,590,175 5,586,224 breach those levels could be ruled out of order. Treasury, Postal Service and General 8,004,892 8,267,636 8,301,470 8,313,119 1851 As Adams noted, the congressional budget differed "Perhaps the most Government (HR 14261-PL 94-363) 7,721,226 7,979,106 8,015,214 8,022,403 sharply from the approach favored by the White House, important aspect" of with an emphasis on programs to fight unemployment. Ford Public Works Employment 1,138,308 1,638,300* 2328 had proposed larger tax cuts and a lower level of outlays the resolution "is the (HR 15194) 962,300 987,300 than favored by Congress, as well as consolidations and fact that it contains reductions in domestic programs. (Ford budget, Weekly the budget of Con- House Senate Report p. 111) gress and not that Conference committee figures, not approved by Congress. Democrats 286 62** Few Changes *Recommended by House or Senate Appropriations Committee, but not yet brought to the floor. Republicans 145 38*** of the President. *Includes Harry F. Byrd elected as on independent. Vacancies 4 0 The overwhelming approval given the two versions of *Includes James L. Buckley elected - Conservative. -Rep. Brock Adams the resolution Sept. 9 was somewhat anticlimactic because (D Wash.) they were similar in all major respects to the resolution (S Published weekly by Congressional Quarterly. Inc., 1414 22nd Street, N.W. photocopy, recording or any Information storage and retrieval system. Second rights Washington D.C. 20037. reproduction rights, quotations, broadcasting. publication, are reserved. including use of Congressional Quarterly material in campaign reserved for current editorial clients. No part of this publication may be reproduced or supplements, advertisements and hardbooks without permission. Rates are furnished COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL INC transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including on request. Second class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Reproduction prohibited whole except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2455 Economic Affairs 2 resolution reported Sept 3 (S Rept 94-1204). (Vote 567, Energy and Environment p. 2489) The resolution provided for: Conferees Agree on Tax Bill Revenues of $362-billion. House-Senate conferees on the tax revision bill Budget authority of $447.5-billion. (HR 10612) settled the last of their 251 differences Sept. Outlays of $412.8-billion. 9, clearing the way for final approval by Congress. A deficit of $50.8-billion. After nine sessions that lasted all day and often Congress Struggles Toward would stop growth in vast areas of the country and retard Budget Committee Chairman Edmund S. Muskie (D progress toward energy independence. President Ford also into the evening, the conference committee approved a Maine) called the resolution an "economic recovery budget" bill that was estimated to result in a net gain in tax designed to produce jobs and restrain inflation, and head Final Action on Key Energy, opposed the provision, for similar reasons. Environmen- revenues in fiscal 1977 of $1.6-billion. That figure was talists supported the nondegradation concept and had the nation toward a balanced budget by 1980. considered a victory for the House conferees; the bill passed by the House in 1975 would have raised that Environmental Legislation worked for even stronger protection than provided in the James B. Allen (D Ala.) told Muskie he doubted a House bill. balanced budget was possible in either four years or four Chappell's amendment would have deleted the non- amount, while the Senate version passed in August decades, given Congress' proclivity to spend any additional 1976 would have resulted in a net tax revenue loss of With the time left for legislative action rapidly degradation provisions from the bill and directed a new revenues that became available. Muskie agreed that each $300-million. The revenue pickup also met the total set dwindling, Congress struggled during the week of Sept. 6 to National Commission on Air Quality to conduct a one-year senator must be willing to show fiscal discipline to reach by conferees on the second budget resolution (S Con complete action on a number of key energy and en- study of the issue. The Senate had rejected a similar such a goal, but was optimistic the projections could be vironmenal bills. Besides the pressure of the planned Oct. 2 amendment, offered by Frank E. Moss (D Utah), by a two- Res 139). They had called for a $1.6-billion tax revenue achieved. Another committee member, Pete V. Domenici (R gain in setting the binding floor of $362.5-billion for adjournment deadline, some of the bills faced possible to-one margin, 31-63. N.M.), told Allen that with the budget process "at least we'll vetoes by President Ford. The House also turned down Sept. 8 an amendment fiscal 1977 revenues. (Budget, p. 2455) know when we're moving off line" in trying to reach a In action on major provisions during the week of The House took up its long-delayed clean air act offered by Andrew Maguire (D N.J.) that would have balanced budget. amendments bill Sept. 8 and adjourned Sept. 10 without Sept. 6, the conferees increased the taxes imposed on strengthened the nondegradation provision from the en- The only committee decision questioned on the floor completing action. Conferees held two lengthy meetings on wealthy individuals by approving several changes in vironmentalists' viewpoint and brought it closer in line with was its decision to omit $500-million for an extension of the toxic substances control legislation, resolving many issues the minimum tax. They included raising the minimum the Senate version. It was opposed by Rogers and rejected emergency unemployment federal supplemental benefits tax rate to 15 per cent from 10 per cent, lowering the ex- but recessing for the week with some important differences 107-247. (Vote 528, p. 2490) (FSB) program beyond its March 31, 1977, expiration. The remaining. The House took up the clean air bill again late in the isting exemption of $30,000, and adding new tax committee had explained in its report that continued im- House sponsors of a solid waste measure similar to one preference items to those subject to the minimum tax. afternoon of Sept. 9 and worked until 10 p.m. on provement in the economy and the funding of approximate- passed by the Senate rushed their bill through committee in Similar changes also were made for corporations. amendments to the stationary source provisions. Auto emis- ly 500,000 jobs through the Comprehensive Employment Conferees also approved new provisions aimed at hopes of getting it to conference next week also. The House sion deadlines were the subject when the House reconvened and Training Act (CETA) would relieve the problem of ex- Rules Committee considered two controversial bills, one cracking down on the use of tax shelters to shield in- at 10 a.m. Friday, Sept. 10, with debate on an administra- tended unemployment and make an extension unnecessary. come from taxation. The House-passed limitation on regulating strip mining and one providing guaranteed loans tion and industry-backed amendment by John D. Dingell An extension had been assumed in the first budget targets. artificial losses (LAL) was dropped in favor of for development of synthetic fuels, but postponed final (D Mich.) to extend the deadlines and another by Henry A. Under the FSB program, unemployment benefits are paid provisions that would limit deductions for losses from decisions on whether to send them to the floor until Sept. Waxman (D Calif.) to tighten them. No votes were taken for up to an additional 26 weeks to workers who have used 15. an investment to the amount a taxpayer actually had at before the House adjourned for the week. The House was up their 39 weeks of ordinary unemployment payments, scheduled to resume consideration of the bill with votes on risk, combined with other curbs for each of the tax Clean Air when certain conditions are met. shelters addressed-real estate, farming, oil and gas, those amendments Sept. 15, and possibly get to final "We are by no means out of the woods" in reducing movies, equipment leasing, sports franchises, and cer- The House began general debate in early August on its passage the same day. high unemployment, said Jacob K. Javits (R N.Y.). He tain partnership operations. clean air bill (HR 10498), reported in May. But in what its wanted to make sure funding would be available if high un- The conference bill also included changes in estate chief sponsor Paul G. Rogers (D Fla.) called "ludicrous Toxic Substances employment made an extension necessary. Muskie and and gift taxes. The Senate had included revisions in the scheduling" by the leadership, the measure had been House-Senate conferees on the toxic substances control ranking minority member Henry Bellmon (R Okla.) assured tax bill, while a separate bill (HR 14844) approved by shunted aside for the rest of the month. bill (S 3149) held their second and third sessions Sept. 8 and him the Budget Committee would "watch this with a very the Ways and Means Committee had run into dif- The Senate passed its version of the bill (S 3219) Aug. 9. They recessed until Sept. 14 or 15 with much ac- sensitive eye" and that an extension, if necessary, could be ficulties on the House floor. (Weekly Report p. 2417) 5, and time was running short for the difficult conference complished and a number of significant differences left to accommodated in a third resolution or within the income The conferees also decided to restrict an existing negotiations that would be required to resolve differences compromise. security levels set by S Con Res 139. exclusion for sick pay, to provide a 20 per cent tax between the complex bills. (Senate action, Weekly Report The legislation, which would tighten federal regulation credit for child care and to restrict deductions for p. 2107; House committee action, Weekly Report p. 1441) of industrial and commercial chemicals and for the first time attending foreign conventions. (Weekly Report p. 2415) The measures, the first comprehensive revisions of the require premarket testing of potentially harmful sub- House Passage 1970 Clean Air Act (PL 91-604), represent over a year's work stances, died in two previous Congressses because of un- by House and Senate committees. They extend deadlines resolved House-Senate differences. The House passed its version (H Con Res 728) Sept. 9 The House rejected Sept. 9: by a vote of 227-151. (Vote 533, p. 2490) An amendment offered by John H. Rousselot (R Calif.) and otherwise modify the strict auto and industrial clean-up This year, the bills are closer. The consumer- schedules established in the law, but not to the extent re- that would have set revenues and outlays at $362.5-billion environmental-labor coalition backing strong legislation Its levels, too, were unchanged from those reported by quested by the Ford administration or many of the affected prefers the Senate version, while a major chemical industry the Budget Committee Sept. 1 (H Rept 94-1457): for a zero deficit, by a vote of 111-264. (Vote 532, p. 2490) industries. An amendment offered by Delbert L. Latta (R Ohio), group, the Manufacturing Chemists Association, endorsed Revenues of $362.5-billion. The House bill was brought back on the floor to begin the House-passed bill. (House action, Weekly Report pp. Budget authority of $452.6-billion. ranking minority member of the Budget Committee, to set the amending process after Rogers complained publicly 2339, 1969; Senate action, Weekly Report p. 764) Outlays of $413.2-billion. revenues at $354.9-billion and outlays at $399.2-billion, about the leadership's lack of urgency in scheduling, and Still to be decided when the conferees reconvene is the A deficit of $50.7-billion. based on a 5 per cent cut in spending in 13 of the 17 budget others charged that the leadership had been influenced by question of whether the Environmental Protection Agency Debate on the resolution, which had begun Sept. 8, categories, and a reduction in personal income taxes, by utility industry lobbyists who oppose the measure. (EPA) should have authority to withhold suspicious turned into an opportunity for conservative members to dis- voice vote. cuss the merits of a balanced budget for fiscal 1977 and to An amendment offered by Clarence E. Miller (R Ohio) Rogers won an important victory Sept. 8 when the chemicals from the market through administrative action as House rejected, 156-199, an amendment offered by Bill in the Senate bill, or whether the EPA should go to court for press for reductions in the spending levels approved by the to reduce budget authority for discretionary program Chappell Jr. (D Fla.) to knock out a highly controversial such an action. committee. The House easily rejected three efforts to lower spending (as opposed to mandatory spending) by 5 per cent, section of the bill aimed at protecting the air over national Some compromise is likely. But if key House the budget levels after arguments from Budget Committee for a savings estimated by Miller at about $6.5-billion, by a parks and other regions where it is cleaner than required by Republicans such as James T. Broyhill (N.C.) are unhappy members that the amendments were unrealistic, would standing vote of 20-39. Following passage of H Con Res 728, the House passed national air quality standards. (Vote 530, p. 2490) with the outcome, the chances of a veto may increase. The destroy the fiscal policies carefully devised by Congress Utility and other industry groups had fought hard Ford administration favors toxic substances legislation that through the new budget procedures, and would jeopardize S Con Res 139 substituting the House provisions. against this "nondegradation" provision, arguing that it is weaker than either the House or Senate bills. the success of the entire procedure. -By Judy Gardner COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited except by editorial ciients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2457 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2456-Sept. 11, 1976 Reproduction prohibited in whole or part except by editorial clients Energy and Environment 2 Solid Waste American Electric Power, the parent company, threatened The House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com- to sue the government for about $500-million in damages because of the cancellation. of Foreign Policy/National Security mittee Sept. 9 approved a bill (HR 14496) tightening federal control of hazardous waste disposal, providing grant money The struggle over the New River pitted utility and labor for state solid waste management programs, and beefing up spokesmen who supported the project against environmen- EPA solid waste programs. A report (H Rept 94-1491) was talists, prominent North Carolinians and residents of the filed the same day, and the House Rules Committee was state's endangered river valleys. Those opponents said the Conferees Approve $104.3-Billion Defense Bill scheduled to consider the bill Sept. 10. project would destroy the natural ecology of the second The Transportation and Commerce Subcommittee oldest river in the world and the farms that supported about 3,000 state residents. The House Sept. 9 approved the conference report on reported the bill after dropping a provision, strongly op- posed by environmentalists, to provide $2.5-billion in loan The labor and industry supporters of the project, joined legislation (HR 14262) appropriating $104.3-billion for the Defense Department in fiscal 1977. The vote was 323-45. Ford Warships Request Denied guarantees for development of new waste recycling techni- by members of the Virginia congressional delegation, said it would provide needed energy, new construction jobs and Senate approval, which would clear the bill for the ques. Staff members on the panel say they have been work- new recreation and tourist attractions. The North Carolina President's signature, was expected to follow quickly The House Armed Services Committee Sept. 8 ing with Senate staff to work out differences between HR delegation, including conservative Republican Jesse A. without difficulty. (House vote 534, p. 2490) killed on a voice vote an administration request for a 14496 and a Senate solid waste bill (S 2150) passed in June. Helms, was united against the project. The bill appropriated the $948-million requested for supplemental authorization totaling $1.1-billion for They are optimistic that if the bill clears the House, a con- production of the first three B-1 bombers, but it barred until warships. The funds were denied by Congress in ference agreement can be reached quickly. (Senate bill, The Ford administration joined the project's opponents Feb. 1, 1977, a production contract for the controversial approving the fiscal 1977 weapons procurement Weekly Report p. 1819) shortly before the North Carolina presidential primary in plane, produced by Rockwell International Corp. Produc- authorization bill (HR 12438). March, with Interior Secretary Thomas S. Kleppe tion of the plane, designed to replace the B-52 in the U.S. The panel's Seapower Subcommittee Other Bills designating the 26.5-mile stretch as part of the wild and scenic system. But legislation still was necessary to resolve nuclear strike forces, was favored by President Ford but op- recommended approval of the request for four missile The House Rules Committee heard hours of testimony the issue, because a federal appeals court upheld the con- posed by Democratic presidential nominee Jimmy Carter. If frigates ($521-million)-in addition to the eight already Sept. 8 on a bill (HR 12112) providing federal loan the winner of the November election wanted to kill the B-1 authorized in HR 12438-and for $170-million to begin tested license in late March. guarantees for private development of synthetic fuels. The New River dispute was fought within the FPC until program without obligating the money appropriated in HR work on a nuclear-powered strike cruiser. The subcom- Chairman Ray J. Madden (D Ind.) complained that the bill the agency granted the license in 1974, and then shifted to 14262, he would need congressional approval of a bill mittee also proposed authorizing $420-million of the was too complex and far-reaching to be brought up so late in rescinding the appropriation. (B-1 compromise, Weekly $858.5-million requested for an anti-aircraft missile- Congress. The Senate passed a New River protection bill in the session, especially when four House committees ad- Report p. 2434) firing destroyer. 1974 but it died in the House Rules Committee. After vocated different versions. A final vote was set for Sept. 15. vigorous lobbying on both sides, the panel sent the 1976 bill The only major weapons requests not funded by the bill "We need the ships," insisted Seapower Subcom- (Weekly Report p. 2340) to the House floor by a vote of 10-6. (House action, Weekly were six warships sought by the Navy to counter the threat mittee Chairman Charles E. Bennett (D Fla.). He said Prospects were equally uncertain for an amended ver- Report p. 2215; background on issue, Weekly Report p. of Soviet anti-ship missiles. Congress had denied authoriza- that the Navy was particularly anxious to begin work sion of the controversial strip mining bill (HR 13950), on 1665) tion for the vessels because of disagreement between the on the cruiser and the destroyer; both vessels would which the Rules Committee also promised to vote Sept. 15. Senate and House over the relative priority of large, carry the Aegis anti-aircraft system to counter the Supporters said the twice-vetoed bill had been modified to nuclear-powered warships versus smaller, conventionally Soviet Union's armory of anti-ship missiles. meet the President's objections, and hoped members would Senate Floor Action powered vessels of more limited capability. But the committee's former chairman, F. Edward be reluctant to vote against it so close to an election. (Week- The House Armed Services Committee Sept. 8 rejected Hebert (D La.), a veteran Pentagon ally, dismissed the ly Report p. 2343) an administration request to authorize the six ships: a administration's request as "idiotic, idealistic and im- The Senate passed HR 13372 by a vote of 69-16 Aug. 30 Also on the Rules panel's schedule for Sept. 10 was HR nuclear-powered strike cruiser and a conventionally practical." Charles H. Wilson (D Calif.) charged that after rejecting, 13-72, an amendment intended to gut the 15069, a forest management bill that environmentalists con- bill. (Votes 534, 535; Weekly Report p. 2437) powered destroyer, both carrying the Aegis anti-aircraft the request was politically motivated, noting that it sider too weak, particularly on the issue of clearcutting. A system to escort carrier task forces, and four missile frigates had been made just after President Ford's The amendment, offered by William L. Scott (R Va.), conference will be necessary to compromise it with a stronger would have upheld the FPC license for the Blue Ridge Proj- to protect supply convoys and amphibious forces. (Com- renomination. Senate bill (S 3091) passed in August. (Weekly Report p. ect. Scott and Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Ind Va.) argued that the mittee action, box this page) 2450) project would provide needed energy without cost to tax- -By Prudence Crewdson $14-Billion Increase payers or damage to the environment. Byrd warned that the had cut President Ford's $97.9-billion fiscal 1976 Pentagon Appropriations Committee Chairman George Mahon appropriations bill by $7.4-billion, a reduction of more than bill would have "a chilling effect on the willingness of private enterprise to invest in this type of project in the (D Texas) told the House that the $14-billion increase over 7.5 per cent. (Fiscal 1976 appropriations bill, 1975 Almanac, future." the fiscal 1976 defense appropriation was necessary because p. 873) Senate Action: Sounding very much like the environmentalists he inflation would absorb $7-billion of the increase and Soviet usually opposed, Helms said Congress had to "face up to the military strength was continuing to grow. Soviet Threat Seen fact that the FPC decision is based on data that is eight or "I cannot accept a position of military inferiority for the Congress' endorsement of the major elements of the ad- New River Bill Cleared ten years old, and that has been outdated by intervening United States," he said, "and I do not believe many ministration's request was based on growing congressional events." He added that attitudes toward conservation and members of the House, if any, could." He added that the suspicion of increasing Soviet military strength, particular- The campaign to save the New River in North Carolina energy had changed, and "our awareness of citizens' rights bill's $104.3-billion was "sufficient to prevent an erosion of ly in view of Soviet diplomatic adventurism in Africa and from inundation by a huge hydroelectric project has been sharpened." our military position." the Middle East. The near success of Ronald Reagan's triumphed Aug. 30 when the Senate passed and sent to the Helms was joined in his support for the New River bill But Edward I. Koch (D N.Y.) argued that the con- stridently hawkish campaign to wrest the GOP presidential White House legislation (HR 13372) invalidating a federal by two other well-known Senate conservatives-James B. ference report did not cut enough fat from the Pentagon re- nomination from President Ford further dampened con- license for construction of the project. President Ford is ex- Allen (D Ala.) and Barry Goldwater (R Ariz.). Goldwater quest. Citing presidential candidate Carter and House gressional willingness to impose major funding cuts on the pected to sign the measure. commented that "of all the votes I have cast in the 20-odd Budget Committee Chairman Brock Adams (D Wash.), he Pentagon. Passed by the House Aug. 10, HR 13372 designated a years I have been in this body, if there is one that stands out said: "Even the more moderate members of my own par- No major reductions in weapons programs were serious- 26.5-mile stretch of the New River in North Carolina as part above all others that I would change if I had the chance it ty...have advocated a $5-billion to $7-billion reduction." ly contemplated by either the House or the Senate. Op- of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System. That had the effect was a vote I cast to construct Glen Canyon Dam on the The final appropriation of $104,343,835,000 was $1.05- ponents of various major weapons proposed by the ad- of cancelling a Federal Power Commission (FPC) license Colorado While the Glen Canyon Dam has created the billion less than had been approved by the House June 17 ministration-the B-1, a fifth nuclear-powered aircraft issued in 1974 for construction of a pumped storage power most beautiful lake in the world and has brought millions and $330-million more than was voted Aug. 9 by the Senate. carrier, 60 additional Minuteman missiles-argued instead project involving two dams on the Virginia side of the and millions of dollars into my state and the state of Utah, (House passage, Weekly Report p. 1651; Senate passage p. for deferral of funds for the programs until the next ad- Virginia-North Carolina border. nevertheless, I think of that river as it was when I was a boy 2207) ministration took office. Only with the B-1 did this tactic The Blue Ridge Power Project, first proposed in 1962, and that is the way I would like to see it again." I The administration's amended request of $107.9-billion partially succeed. Funds for the carrier and the missiles was to be built by the Appalachian Power Company. -By Prudence Crewdson was cut by $3.6-billion, a reduction of 3.3 per cent. Congress were provided without restriction. COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. PAGE 2458-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole except by editorial clients. Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2459 Reproduction prohib whole part except by editoria clients Foreign Policy/National Security 2 Foreign Policy/National Security 3 Provisions Distribution by Among the significant financial and management in- month until Feb. 1, 1977. The effect of the limitation was to Organizational Component itiatives contained in the bill were: delay until February signature of a contract for production A separate appropriation of $5.6-million, as of the plane. Army $26,005,882,000 $25,488,887,000 recommended by the House, for executive branch oversight For advanced research on intercontinental ballistic As approved by the conference committee, HR 14262 Navy 37,882,712,000 35,910,529,000 of the intelligence community. The separate appropriation missiles (ICBMs), including the new M-X missile, conferees appropriated the following amounts for Defense Depart- Air Force 31,584,974,000 30,765,835,000 was intended to ensure that the Intelligence Community recommended $69-million, the amount approved by the ment spending in fiscal 1977: Defense Agencies 3,969,204,000 3,762,984,000 Staff and the National Foreign Intelligence Board main- Senate. The administration had requested, and the House Retired Military Personnel 8,493,400,000 8,381,700,000 tained policy independence from those intelligence agencies provided, $84-million. (Both houses had approved the re- Related Agencies 28,300,000 33,900,000 that they were charged with supervising. quested $317-million for procurement of 60 Minuteman Distribution Amended The bill funded Pentagon manpower at approximately A productivity enhancement program to finance the ICBMs, the models currently in service.) by Administration Final the levels requested by the administration. The only major purchase by defense contractors of capital equipment that For continued development work on the Trident Program Request Appropriation departure from the President's request was the rejection by would reduce production costs by reducing manpower re- submarine-launched ballistic missile, the bill provided conferees of Ford's proposal to cut the Naval Reserve to quirements; $19.3-million was appropriated for the $569-million, the amount approved by the Senate. Both Military Personnel $ 25,497,907,000 $ 25,418,408,000 52,000, from its current strength of 102,000. Conferees program and the Pentagon was directed to link future houses had agreed to appropriate $723-million for procure- Retired Military Personnel 8,493,400,000 8,381,700,000 recommended funding the Naval Reserve at an average funding requests to specific projects. ment of the first 48 Trident missiles, an amount to which Operations and Maintenance 32,285,400,000 31,655,444,000 strength in fiscal 1977 of 96,500, the level recommended by $6-million earmarked for evaluation of foreign weapons the administration had agreed after its initial request to Procurement 30,601,400,000 28,416,300,000 the Senate. The amounts approved by the conference com- or weapons components for possible use by U.S. forces. purchase 80 missiles was thwarted by delays in the missile (transfer from other accounts) (82,600,000) An administration-sponsored program to stabilize test program. Both houses had also agreed to appropriate Research and Development 11,054,400,000 10,434,418,000 mittee would provide personnel levels for Pentagon com- ponents at the end of fiscal 1977 as follows: prices paid by the armed services during the fiscal year for $729.7-million for construction of the fifth Trident-missile Special Foreign Currency commercially sold commodities such as petroleum submarine. Program 3,665,000 3,665,000 Organizational Administration Final products. The bill provided $548-million for a surcharge on For continued research on the Seafarer (formerly Related Agencies 28,300,000 33,900,000 Component Request Appropriation prices paid by the services to stock funds-revolving ac- Sanguine) system for communication with submerged mis- Total, Department of counts through which the services purchase commercially sile submarines, conferees agreed to $14.8-million, the Defense (new obliga- Army 790,000 789,000 vended commodities. amount approved by the House. The administration had re- tional authority) $107,964,472,000 $104,343,835,000 Navy 554,000 540,600 The final version of the bill also: Marine Corps 196,000 192,000 quested $29.8-million and the Senate had approved $27.1- (transfer from other Air Force 571,000 571,000 Rejected an administration proposal to consolidate at million. accounts) -- (82,600,000) Total, Active the Army's Ft. Rucker, Ala., base all basic helicopter flight Conferees accepted the Senate-passed amount of Duty Military 2,111,000 2,092,600 training for the services. $119.8-million for development of the sea-launched cruise Total, Funding Available $107,964,472,000 $104,426,435,000 Reserve and Guard Forces 836,500 877,700 Continued the subsidy for military commissary payroll missile. The administration had requested $182.4-million (transfer authority) (750,000,000) (750,000,000) Civilian Employees 1,035,800 1,031,000 costs, with an appropriation of $281-million for fiscal 1977. and the House had allowed all but $20-million. Both houses Limited to 60 days the unused leave time for which pay had approved the requested $79.2-million for research on could be collected by a person leaving the service and the air-launched cruise missile. limited the lump sum terminal leave payment to basic pay, For research on defenses against ICBMs, conferees thus excluding additional allowances for housing and sub- approved $203-million. The administration request for Major Weapons Appropriations for Fiscal 1977 sistence. $224.9-million was cut to $206.9-million by the House and to Prohibited payment by the Civilian Health and $178-million by the Senate. Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) Pentagon Final for religious, family, child or marital counseling of military Requests Appropriation dependents, unless the dependent was referred for treat- Ground Forces ment by a medical doctor. Procurement: (some of the amounts include funds Quantity Amount Quantity Amount Administration requests designed to offset Soviet for spare parts or for items that will (amounts in millions of dollars) Conference Action numerical superiority in tanks and aircraft were, in general, be procured in fiscal 1978) supported by the final version. Production of some items Trident missile 48 $ 720.3 48 $ 720.3 B-1 bomber 3 1,037.0 3 1,037.0 In contrast to the prolonged and hard-fought con- was deferred because of inadequate testing, but the major clash with the administration was over an administration- M-60 tank 886 472,8 886 462.8 ference on the weapons procurement authorization bill, the imposed pause in a program to develop a new tank. Trident submarine 1 791.5 1 791.5 conference on the appropriations measure was completed in Both houses had recommended $35.6-million to begin Attack submarine 3 958.7 3 958.7 three meetings. The conference report was filed Sept. 3 (H tooling-up for production of the new XM-1 tank. But con- Aircraft carrier 1 350.0 1 350.0 Rept 94-1475). ferees voiced concern that the administration's Strike cruiser 1 170.0 - - Strategic Weapons modifications in the program could increase its cost and Aegis (anti-aircraft) destroyer 1 858.5 - - degrade its performance. The Pentagon Aug. 4 delayed un- Minuteman ICBM 60 317.0 60 317.0 The final version had the effect of slowing some til November selection of a contractor for the new tank in Missile frigate 12 1,732.9 8 1,179.5 strategic weapons projects while endorsing the ad- order to allow modifications to be made in the tank to per- Tankers and tenders (support ships) 4 726.6 3 623.6 ministration's basic policy of maintaining and modernizing mit use of an engine and the armament used in a new A-6E all-weather attack plane - - 6 65.8 the "triad" of three independent nuclear strike forces com- German tank. Conferees said the modified program was A-10 ground attack plane 100 575.9 100 575.9 prising land-based missiles, submarine-launched missiles substantially different from the one Congress approved and F-14 carrier-based fighter 36 693.7 36 693.7 and bombers. Commitment to production of the B-1 that funds for the new arrangement would have to be for- F-15 fighter 108 1,386.6 108 1,378.0 bomber was delayed until after the presidential election, mally reprogrammed, subject to approval by the Armed F-16 lightweight fighter 16 360.6 - 151.5 and the development of a strategic version of the sea- Services and Appropriations Committees. AWACS radar-warning and command plane 6 474.7 6 474.7 launched cruise missile was blocked. But the bill funded ini- Both houses had agreed to provide $450.9-million to Research and Development: tial production of a new sea-launched missile and the purchase 886 M-60 tanks, the current front-line weapon. ICBM Advanced Technology (including M-X) 84.0 69.0 development of a new land-based missile. Conferees agreed to reduce the appropriation by $27.8- Cruise Missiles, Navy 182.5 119.8 The conference version appropriated $948-million, the million, to be made up by unspent funds appropriated in XM-1 tank 35.6 35.6 amount requested for procurement of the first three regular previous years. F-18 lightweight fighter 346.9 346.9 production B-1 bombers. But it provided that the funds Endorsing the Senate's position, conferees approved an could be obligated at a rate of no more than $87-million a administration request for $74.5-million to procure 360 non- COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERL INC PAGE 2460-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERL INC Reproduction prohibited whole Of part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2461 Reproduction prohibited in whole or part except by editorial clients Foreign Policy/National Security 4 Foreign Policy/National Security 5 nuclear Lance battlefield support missiles. The House had The conferees approved the funding as authorized, but limiting to 60 days the amount of accumulated leave for of $6-billion worth of U.S. arms offered for sale by the Ford denied all funds for the program. strongly criticized the arrangement as a violation of the which a person leaving the service could collect pay and 2) administration to 11 foreign governments. For the Advanced Concepts Laboratory, an armored principle of "full-funding"- practice, followed by the not funding the 1 per cent "kicker" on cost-of-living in- Under the veto procedure, Congress has 30 days from warfare think tank, the bill included $1-million. The Senate Appropriations Committees, of considering only funding re- creases in military retired pay. Repeal of the kicker was con- Sept. 1-the date President Ford submitted the proposed had voted $2-million; the House had denied funding. quests that covered the entire cost of a weapon. They tingent on congressional action to impose the same reduc- contracts to Capitol Hill-to halt the sales. The concurrent All funds for procurement of the Stinger, a one-man warned that by partially funding the initial group of F-16s, tion on pay increases for federal civilian retirees, a move resolution process-requiring a majority vote by both anti-aircraft missile, were deleted, but funds for continued Congress obscured the total cost of the program, thus mak- backed by the Senate Aug. 8 during action on the legislative houses-does not give the President authority to reject development of the missile were increased to $25.3-million, ing congressional oversight more difficult. branch appropriations bill. (1 per cent kicker repeal, p. Congress' decisions. (Nelson arms sale veto amendment, the policy recommended by the House. Both houses had Conferees also agreed on minor adjustments in funding 2492) 1974 Almanac p. 533) agreed on funds for continued purchase of the Hawk long- 108 F-15 fighters, recommending $1.3-billion. Both houses Conferees provided $8.4-billion for pay of military In related action, Sen. William Proxmire (D Wis.) range anti-aircraft missile ($87.5-million) and the had approved the amounts requested for 100 A-10 ground retirees, thus rejecting a Senate move to delete $346.2- Sept. 1 submitted 24 resolutions to disapprove $5.3-billion Chaparral short-range anti-aircraft missile ($59.1-million). attack planes ($537.7-million) and for six AWACS radar million for anticipated cost-of-living increases. The bill in- worth of sales to five governments covered by the Nelson They also agreed on funding for development of the SAM D warning and command planes ($384.6-million). cluded no funds for the 1 per cent "kicker" on cost-of-living measures. long-range missile ($179.9-million) and the Roland short- increases in retired pay. A long-time critic of the U.S. role in the international range missile ($85-million). Airlift But conferees followed the House in rejecting another arms race, Nelson told the Senate that the 1976 Ford For advance procurement of a new tanker/cargo plane major element of the administration's program, the phase- package of contracts represented the equivalent of 13.7 per Naval Forces that would use a commercial wide-body jet, conferees out of the subsidy for payroll costs of military commissaries. cent of all arms sale shipments made by the United States The bill's major break with the administration's approved $28.8-million. The Air Force had requested, and The administration had requested a three-year phase-out since 1951. (Sales figures, 1975 Almanac p. 356) weapons policy was in shipbuilding, on which Senate and the Senate allowed, $37.2-million; the House appropriated and the Senate had approved a phase-out over six years. "I do not expect or wish to see all the sales stopped," House conflict over the relative merits of expensive, multi- $11.7-million Conferees said they sought to slow down the The final version included $281-million for the commissary Nelson said, explaining that his resolutions would give the purpose nuclear-powered vessels versus cheaper, single- program because the Pentagon was reviewing its current subsidy in fiscal 1977. Foreign Relations Committee and other panels time "to purpose ships led to a standoff having a major impact on the reliance on airlift to reinforce U.S. troops and allies abroad Following action by the Senate, the bill included $18.3- hold hearings and call administration witnesses to explore administration's program for the Navy. and was considering placing more emphasis on sea transport million for Army enlistment bonuses and $7-million for in detail the underlying rationale for so extensive an arms Both houses had agreed to provide $350-million for the and on permanently stocking a larger amount of equip- Army personnel sent to their home towns to serve as sales plan.. this particular moment." powerplant of a fifth nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and ment overseas. recruiting aides. Conferees announced that Congress would Among the contracts submitted by the administration $745.6-million for three attack submarines. The Senate and House had approved the amounts re- take no further action on the administration's July 28 was the proposed sale of 160 F-16 jet fighters to Iran at a A principal facet of the Senate-House stalemate in- quested for development of a new, short takeoff/landing budget amendment requesting $39.3-million for enlistment price tag of $3.8-billion and an order from Saudi Arabia for volved construction of ships to carry the Aegis anti-aircraft transport ($29.3-million) and for modification of the giant bonuses. $701-million worth of military equipment, including 850 system designed to protect U.S. fleets against the Soviet C-5A transport, including a rebuilding of the plane's wing Reasoning that alcohol abuse was more widespread in Sidewinder air-to-air missiles and 650 Maverick air-to- Union's vast array of anti-ship missiles. The administration ($43.5-million). Both houses also had denied $29.3-million the military than drug abuse, the House had directed the ground missiles. had asked for two ships carrying the system, a nuclear- requested for modification of civilian jetliners to facilitate Pentagon to shift half of the $56.4-million currently spent on Hearings on the Iranian deal are tentatively scheduled powered strike cruiser favored by the House and a conven- their conversion to military duty in time of emergency. drug-abuse programs to combat alcoholism. Conferees for Sept. 16, and the Saudi Arabian transaction is expected tionally powered destroyer supported by the Senate. Unable directed the Pentagon to halt the random urinalysis of to receive committee scrutiny Sept. 24 because of the con- to agree on these ships, Congress authorized neither. Communications Systems military personnel to detect drug use and to channel the cern over the Maverick's offensive capability. The ad- Conferees accepted a Senate proposal to mount the Aegis For communications scattered across several funding funds thus freed to the alcohol-abuse program. ministration's proposed arms sales package follows: system on the 15-year-old nuclear-powered cruiser Long accounts, conferees agreed to an overall reduction of $85.9- Beach at a cost of $371-million. million, nearly splitting the difference between the $112- Operations and Maintenance (amounts in millions of dollars) Both houses had agreed to fund eight missile frigates to million cut by the House and the $60.2-million cut of the The bill included $548-million for an administration escort supply convoys and amphibious forces ($1.1-billion). Senate. Israel $ 241.4 program to protect against inflation the amounts budgeted For the Defense Satellite Communications System II, Saudi Arabia Conferees agreed to reject a House-passed provision that 701.6 for training activities and maintenance vital to the services' Iran 4,458.0 would have canceled four missile-launching hydrofoil patrol the bill approved $179.9-million of a requested $200.1- combat-readiness. The funds would enable the services to Pakistan 79.5 boats that had been funded in previous years. million. The Senate had allowed $195.4-million, the House, pay a surcharge on prices paid to the stock funds. The cash South Korea 116.7 For six A-6E all-weather attack planes, the conference $172.6-million. Conferees agreed to the House action cutting balances generated by the surcharge would allow the stock Norway 100.0 committee provided $65.8-million, the amount approved by to four the requested six satellites for the system. funds to absorb the cost of commodity price increases in the Philippines 61.4 the Senate. Conferees followed the House in deleting all Conferees also followed the action of the Senate in course of a fiscal year. This would ensure that the services Australia confidential funds requested ($102.8-million) for six US-3A planes to approving the requested $30.6-million for development of a could actually purchase the amount of supplies for which Germany 38.8 transport men and equipment to aircraft carriers. Conferees newer, more advanced Defense Satellite Communications Morocco they had been budgeted. In recent years sharp price in- 88.9 also agreed to terminate the Rockwell-manufactured Con- System III. The House had allowed only $10.6-million. Singapore 109.7 creases after passage of an appropriations bill had led to dor television-guided missile program, thus endorsing the For development of an airborne command post to con- cuts in the amount of supplies that the services could ac- position of the House. trol U.S. forces in case of a nuclear war, the bill tually afford. . Nelson expressed particular hostility to the F-16 sales, Both the Senate and House versions approved funding appropriated $69-million, the amount approved by the -By Pat Towell asserting that "it will take a great deal of convincing to for procurement of 36 F-14 carrier-based fighters ($571.2- Senate. The administration had requested $79-million and prove to me that the United States must commit itself this million), 30 A-7E attack planes ($212.5-million) and six EA- the House allowed $65.2-million. Sept. 30 Deadline: month" to the sales. "Telling Congress that this decision is 6B electronic warfare planes ($116-million). Both houses in the national interest just will not wash," he added. also approved $346.9-million for continued development of Intelligence Programs Recalling that the weapons sales program originally the lightweight F-18 carrier-based fighter. The House had cut intelligence and intelligence-related Resolutions to Block was intended to supply U.S. NATO allies, Nelson said that programs by $149.7-million (including $28.3-million for the Iran and other so-called Third World countries currently Tactical Air Forces CIA retirement fund that had not been authorized when the The weapons procurement authorization bill had Foreign Arms Sales were the principal buyers. "Such sales have major foreign House acted). The Senate restored $104.2-million of the cut. policy implications, but there is little if any evidence that denied all funds requested for the purchase of the first 16 The conference version reduced intelligence and the administration has given adequate thought to the long- models of the F-16 lightweight fighter, but increased to intelligence-related programs by $89.7-million. It included Introduced in Senate range diplomatic or military considerations of the weapons $174.9-million, from $23.4-million, the amount for ad- the $28.3-million requested for the CIA retirement fund. transactions," he said. vanced procurement of components for planes to be Activating a procedure he devised in 1974 to give Both Nelson and Proxmire criticized the "chaotic purchased in future years. The change had been proposed Personnel Costs Congress an opportunity to veto proposed sales of U.S. manner" in which the contracts had been submitted to by the Senate Armed Services Committee, which argued The bill endorsed two major elements of the ad- weapons to foreign countries, Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D Wis.) Congress. that the F-16 purchases would not occur until 1978. ministration's package of personnel cost reductions by 1) Sept. 7 filed 37 concurrent resolutions to block the shipment -By David M. Maxfield COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC PAGE 2462-Sept. 11, 1976 Reproduction prohibited in whole or in part except by editoriel clients Reproduction prohibited in whole or part except by editorial clients Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2463 of Consumer Affairs Politics Senate Passes Modified Antitrust Bill, 69-18 Carter and Ford Offer Contrasting Styles With the summer preliminaries behind them, President Overcoming a second filibuster, the Senate passed and Dole (R Kan.), voted for the bill. Dole had voted against the Ford and Jimmy Carter moved into the final, eight-week welfare, inflation, Medicaid-the captain hides in his returned to the House Sept. 8 an antitrust enforcement bill original Senate bill in June. phase of their campaigns for the presidency. stateroom and the crew argues about who is to blame." (HR 8532) Congress has been struggling with all year. The The contrast in the ways they moved could hardly have Carter also invoked the meinory of President Kennedy, Senate passed its compromise version, drafted informally to Provisions been more distinct. Carter, the Democratic challenger, who had spoken at Warm Springs during his 1960 cam- short-circuit further delaying tactics, by a vote of 69-18. stuck with tradition and gave a rousing, emotional Labor paign. Slightly modifying the Kennedy slogan of 16 years As passed by the Senate Sept. 8, the "Hart-Scott- (Vote 559, p. 2487) Day speech on Sept. 6. Then he headed into a strenuous earlier, Carter said that it was time "to get our country on Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976" (HR 8532) in- The measure authorizes state attorneys general to bring the move again." cluded the following major provisions: week of travels to industrial cities of the Northeast and antitrust suits ("parens patriae") on behalf of citizens, re- Title I: Antitrust Civil Process Act Amendments. Midwest. His biggest applause from the crowd on the lawn of quires large companies to notify the government of planned Authorized the Justice Department's Antitrust Division to Ford, the Republican incumbent, attempted to Roosevelt's "little White House" came from this statement: mergers and strengthens the government's antitrust in- issue civil investigative demands (CIDs), in the course of in- capitalize on the prestige of the presidency. He remained at "As a political candidate, I owe nothing to special interests. vestigatory powers. It is backed by consumer and state at- I owe everything to the people." vestigating potential antitrust violations, to natural persons the White House and left the travel up to his running mate, torney general groups, and opposed by business groups. and third parties (such as competitors or suppliers) and to Kansas Sen. Robert Dole. But he still found time to use the The House and Senate had passed differing versions of Rose Garden and the press briefing room to score some par- Presidential Offensive compel production of oral testimony and answers to written the legislation by early August, and a conference was interrogatories. CIDs also could be issued in connection with tisan points against his opponent. Deliberately emphasizing his incumbency, Ford planned to resolve differences. But James B. Allen (D Ala.), investigations of planned mergers and regulatory agency Neither side was without its problems. Carter ran into remained in Washington over Labor Day, combining work who led a time-consuming filibuster against the Senate bill proceedings. (Existing law limited the reach of CIDs to some unexpectedly vehement opposition from anti-abortion with relaxation-but making no speeches. in June, threatened to filibuster again on the motion to ap- documentary evidence obtained from corporations being in- groups in North Philadelphia and Scranton, Pa. Dole was There was an element of irony in the President's point conferees and on the conference report. (Weekly vestigated for violations, not including illegal mergers.) pushed onto the defensive by reports of oil-company con- posture at this stage of the campaign. Harry Truman is one Report p. 2424) Title II: Premerger Notification. Required notice to tributions to past campaigns. of his acknowledged idols, and Truman made history in To avoid two filibusters so late in the session, Senate the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission Even as the campaign was hitting its stride, a sense of 1948 by touring the country, "giving 'em hell" and and House sponsors worked out a compromise version which (FTC) 30 days in advance of mergers involving companies expectancy prevailed as plans continued for the first of four snatching victory away from Republican Thomas E. Dewey. was introduced in the Senate Aug. 27. The Senate invoked worth $100-million or more and companies worth $10- televised debates. Philadelphia was chosen as the site of the Ford, far from emulating his hero, delayed the start of cloture on it Aug. 31 and reached agreement to take a final million or more, providing the transaction involves acquisi- first debate between Ford and Carter, to be sponsored by his campaign until a week later, when he was scheduled to vote Sept. 8. tion of more than $15-million in stock or assets, or 15 per the League of Women Voters and held at 9:30 p.m. Sept. 23. kick it off in his home state of Michigan. During Labor Day Before approving the compromise bill, the Senate re- cent of the voting securities of the acquired company. A 20- Carter went on the attack immediately in his speech week, he did not make any openly political utterances until jected 22-66 a substitute proposal offered by Allen which day extension could be granted. Material filed with the from the steps of the house in Warm Springs, Ga., where Sept. 7, when he appeared twice before White House would have retained the original Senate version of the bill government under this provision would be exempt from dis- President Franklin D. Roosevelt had died in 1945. reporters, and Sept. 8, when he held another impromptu and thus required a conference. (Vote 558, p. 2487; original closure under the Freedom of Information Act. Playing the Roosevelt theme for all it was worth, Carter press conference. Ford's first appearance on Sept. 7 was a Senate action, Weekly Report p. 1591) Title III: Parens Patriae. Authorized state attorneys compared Ford with the Republican President, Herbert bill-signing ceremony in the Rose Garden of the executive The bill still faces two uncertainties-the House and general to bring triple damage suits in federal court on Hoover, in 1932. "This year, as in 1932, our nation is mansion. He used the occasion to defend himself against President Ford. Several members of the House Judiciary behalf of state citizens injured by violations of the Sherman divided, our people are out of work and our national leaders Carter's past criticism of his vetoes. Committee complained that they did not approve the final Antitrust Act. do not lead," said Carter. "Our nation is drifting without in- As he signed a bill on child day care standards-he had "compromise" bill, and that provisions important to them In cases involving price-fixing, the state could prove the spiration, without vision and without purpose." vetoed a previous version-he said: "It is a better bill were left out. Of utmost concern to those members were amount of damages to be awarded "in the aggregate by The former Georgia governor took his hardest slap at because my veto exerted a balancing influence on the House provisions that would have imposed an absolute ban statistical or sampling methods, by the computation of il- Ford in a comparison with Harry Truman. "When Truman deliberations of the Congress in this important area. on contingency fees for outside attorneys in state parens legal overcharges" or other reasonable system approved by was in the White House, there was never any doubt who was Without this constitutional check and balance, the original patriae suits and permitted single instead of triple damages the court-instead of proving the exact amount of each in- captain of the ship," he said. "Now, every time another ship bill might now be law and making day care services more for "good faith" violations in parens suits. dividual claim. runs aground-CIA, FBI, Panama, unemployment, deficits, costly to the taxpayer and increasing the federal intrusion The dispute between those members and Committee States could notify citizens of a parens suit by general into family life. Chairman Peter W. Rodino Jr. (D N.J.), who supports the publication, but courts could require other forms of notice. A few days earlier, in a speech in Kansas City, Mo., Senate compromise bill, may be aired in the House Rules States could not pay outside attorneys conducting Candidates' Travel Schedules Dole had answered Carter's criticism of the vetoes with Committee before the issue goes to the floor. parens suits a contingency fee based on a percentage of the some comparative arithmetic. He said that Ford had "I have serious doubts that the Senate proposal can expected damage award or on any other basis, unless the Following are the tentative schedules of the averaged 26.5 vetoes annually during his two years in office, clear the House floor and the President's desk in its present court approves the amount as reasonable. Courts could Republican and Democratic presidential candidates for whereas the average for Truman had been 35 a year and for form," Tom Railsback (R III.) said Sept. 2. "They are play- award reasonable attorney's fees to a prevailing defendant if the week starting Monday, Sept. 13, as made available Roosevelt, 52 a year. As Georgia governor between 1971 and ing a dangerous game in asking us to accept what we have the state suit was brought in bad faith. by their campaign offices Sept. 9: 1975, Dole said, Carter had averaged 38 vetoes a year, with already rejected," warned Robert McClory (III.), a senior Recovered damages must be distributed according to Ford 53 his last year in office. committee Republican. court order or treated as general state revenue. Sept. 15-Ann Arbor, Mich. Ford made a second appearance Sept. 7 in the White Senate sponsors insisted that they gave up more than The U.S. Attorney General would be required to notify Carter House press briefing room, read a statement denouncing the did their House counterparts. "I hope we can meet across a state attorneys general of federal antitrust cases that could Sept. 13-Birmingham, Ala.; Norman, Okla.; Phoenix. North Vietnamese government for being "callous and cruel" conference table in the next Congress to discuss even inspire state parens suits, and to provide state attorneys Sept. 14-Billings, Mont.; Bismarck, N.D.; Sioux Falls, and demanding a "full accounting" of some 800 American stronger antitrust laws, and tighter amendments to the one general with relevant materials upon request. S.D. servicemen still listed as missing in action in Southeast we will vote on today," Edward M. Kennedy (D Mass.) said A state could pass a law invalidating the authority to Sept. 15-Minneapolis; Crystal Lake, Minn.; Dearborn, Asia. Sept. 8. Mich. bring parens suits. Suits could not apply to violations com- He appeared again on the south lawn of the White Although talk of a Ford veto persisted, backers of the mitted before enactment. I Sept. 16-Indianapolis; Baltimore; Washington, D.C. House on Sept. 8 at another quickly summoned press con- antitrust bill pointed out that his running mate, Robert ference. -By Prudence Crewdson COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. PAGE 2464-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited whole or in part except by editorial clients Reproduction prohibited whole or part except by editorial clients. Sept. 11, 1976-PAGE 2465 Politics 2 On Sept. 4, Ford had decided neither to discipline nor to dismiss FBI Director Clarence M. Kelley for accepting Nonvoters on the Rise gifts and favors fromithe agency he heads. On Sept. 7, Carter said he thought Kelley should be dismissed; but he declined For the first time since 1924, a majority of eligible to say whether he would dismiss him if he were elected voters may stay away from the polls in this year's President. presidential election, a comprehensive survey of non- At the Sept. 8 press conference, Ford attacked Carter voting Americans has concluded. for "flip-flopping" on the issue and for showing "lack of Contrary to a common belief, however, the prin- compassion." Kelley's wife was dying of cancer at the time cipal reasons for the low turnout will not be procedural Kelley accepted the gifts and favors. impediments such as registration laws or getting to the polls. The principal reasons will be disenchantment with candidates and alienation from the political The Abortion Problem system. After his campaign kickoff in the South, Carter headed The survey, released Sept. 5, was conducted by into the ethnic enclaves of the North in an effort to build Peter D. Hart Research Associates Inc. of Washington, support among Catholic blue-collar workers. But he con- D.C., for a nonpartisan project, the Committee for the tinued to encounter hostility because of his refusal to en- Study of the American Electorate. The committee is dorse a constitutional amendment banning abortion. financed by businesses, unions and foundations. Because the abortion issue was not on the agenda of a Hart's pollsters had 90-minute interviews with 1,- Sept. 7 meeting at a Catholic church in North Philadelphia, 486 nonvoters nationwide between July 16 and July 31. the meeting was moved to a Lutheran church. And that Nonvoters were defined as voting-age persons who had night, Carter was jostled by a shouting crowd of anti- voted in two or fewer previous federal elections; who abortionists outside a hotel in Scranton. had not registered this year; or who said their chances Not until Sept. 8, when he visited "Polish Hill" in of voting Nov. 2 were less than 50-50. Pittsburgh, did Carter receive a genuinely cordial welcome Using a similar definition for political dropouts- from a predominantly Catholic crowd. people who had voted occasionally since 1968 but do Ford, in an apparent shift in his position, said at his not intend to vote this year-Hart estimated that some Sept. 8 press conference that he supports the abortion 10 million voting-age Americans had dropped out of the plank in the Republican platform. The plank endorses a electoral system in the past eight years. "These are constitutional amendment. Previously, Ford had stated his people who participated in the electorate in 1972 or personal opposition to abortion-as had Carter-but had prior to that time and who since then have become dis- not supported a constitutional amendment. illusioned with politicans and dispirited with the direc- Two reported Senate campaign contributions from Gulf tion of the country," he said. Oil Corp., one in 1970 and the other in 1973, distracted The proportion of young nonvoters is far larger attention from Dole's vice presidential campaigning. than the proportion of young people in the population Throughout the week, press reports appeared about a as a whole, Hart found. Forty-six per cent of the non- $2,000 contribution to Dole from Gulf in 1970, for distribu- voters are under age 35, compared with about 33 per tion to other Republican Senate candidates that year, and cent of the total eligible population. about a $5,000 Gulf contribution to Dole in 1973 for his 1974 About 55 per cent of the eligible voters voted in Senate re-election campaign. Dole denied knowledge of the 1972, continuing a decline that began after 1960, when contributions. the figure was 64 per cent. But much of the drop in 1972 But he acknowledged being questioned by a federal was due to the extension of the franchise to 18-21-year- grand jury March 8 about Gulf's contributions to Senate olds. Had the 18-year-old vote not become law, a Hart Minority Leader Hugh Scott (R Pa.). spokesman estimated, the 1972 turnout would have Claude C. Wild Jr., the former Gulf lobbyist who had been about 58 per cent. distributed the money, changed his story Sept. 8 and Persons interviewed for the survey were given lists apologized to Dole for saying earlier that he had given him of 21 reasons for not voting and were asked to rank the the $2,000. He did not mention his allegation that he had importance of the reasons. given Dole's former administrative assistant $5,000 for the Sixty-eight per cent said they believed that "can- 1974 campaign. The former aide said he had no recollection didates say one thing and then do another." of receiving the money. Fifty-five per cent said they thought "it doesn't Ford said Sept. 8 that he was satisfied that Dole had make any difference who is elected, because things received no questionable or illegal campaign money as a never seem to work out right." senator. And the Republicans hoped the matter would end Fifty-two per cent rated as important their belief there, without further damaging reverberations. that "Watergate proved that elected officials are only out for themselves." Carter's Taxes Which politicians, living or dead, do the nonvoters The Democrats, too, had their personal money admire most? The dead won by a landslide. John F. troubles. Carter disclosed Sept. 3 that he had paid federal Kennedy was the choice of 50 per cent; Franklin D. taxes of 12.8 per cent, or $17,484, of his 1975 income of $136,- Roosevelt, 20 per cent; Dwight D. Eisenhower, 10 per 138 and that he had received a $41,702 tax credit for install- cent; and Harry S Truman, 10 per cent. ing a new peanut sheller. And this year's nominees? Both President Ford The disclosure brought a biting attack from Dole, who and Jimmy Carter were the first choice of only 1 per questioned Carter's dedication to tax reform. Carter said cent. the tax break "illustrates vividly the need for tax reform."I -By Mercer Cross PAGE 2466-Sept. 11, 1976 COPYRIGHT 1976 CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC Reproduction prohibited in whole or in part except by editorial clients

nara / coll_grf-0010 / doc

First Debate: Press Clippings - General

ID: 1554413
Type: document

Citation Image

Metadata

id	1554413
sourceUrl	https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413
contentType	document
collections	White House Special Files Unit Files Ford - Carter Debates Files
subjects	Republican National Committee (U.S.) Campaign debates Presidential campaign, 1976
iiifBase	https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf
thumbnailUrl	https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf
largeImageUrl	https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/13/5544/1554413/content/library/document/0010/1554413.pdf
imageCount	1
hasImages	yes
source	import

Additional Source Fields

url	https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1554413
naId	1554413
coverageEndDate	logicalDate 1976-09-30 month 9 year 1976
coverageStartDate	logicalDate 1976-08-01 month 8 year 1976
levelOfDescription	fileUnit
recordType	description
ocrSource	nara-archive

Pages

Page 1 OCR

Survos folio item chat

Ask the Scholar

Scholar Source Context