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Captive Nations Assembly, National Press Club, July 21, 1965
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Captive Nations Assembly, National Press Club, July 21, 1965
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The original documents are located in Box D18, folder "Captive Nations Assembly, National Press Club, July 21, 1965" of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. READING TEXT ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD, HOUSE REPUBLICAN LEADER BEFORE THE CAPTIVE NATIONS ASSEMBLY NATIONAL PRESS CLUB July 21, 1965 FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY OF SPEECH 7:30 P.M. JULY 21, 1965 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: NEW MYTHS AND OLD REALITIES I am honored to be here tonight and to receive this Captive Nations Award. Your organization has a great mission. You help keep alive the hope of freedom for the captive peoples under Communism. With a deep sense of humility, I thank you---and salute your efforts. Tonight I would like to discuss new myths and old realities affecting United States foreign policy. American fighting men are at this moment in a hot war in Viet Nam. They are there to help roll back the tide of Communist aggression. If they are to succeed, here at home we must face up to the true nature of the enemy Communism. The theory has grown in recent years that this enemy is changing and mellowing. We are told that the Communist world is splitting up. We are advised by so-called experts that the Soviet Union wants peaceful coexistence. These experts say that we should encourage such change by a more tolerant attitude toward Communism. GERALD LIBRARY -more- Digitized from Box D18 of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library Ford. Captive Nations -2- This has been a dominant theme in recent American foreign policy. Unfortunately, it is a theme based on hope, not evidence---on myth, not reality. For example, there has been an effort to pull down a verbal Iron Curtain on any discussion of the captive nations under Communist rule. Some misguided spokesmen have even opposed the idea of having a Captive Nations Week. They claim it rubs the Kremlin the wrong way and therefore blocks American-Soviet understanding. That is the myth--but what is the reality? It is that in Eastern Europe tens of millions of people live under Communist repression. No democratic elections are permitted in these countries. The principle of national self-determination is ruthlessly denied. The myth says that the United States should furnish trade and aid to help the economics of these captive nations. We are told that in this way the Communist monolith will break up. -more- GERALD Ford. Captive Nations -3- That is the myth--but what is the reality? The truth can be learned by studying this Nation's policy toward Hungary. We are being told now that the Communist rulers of Hungary are changing. We are being told now that they too are mellowing. We are being advised by the so-called "experts" that the United States should consider a large-scale trade and aid program to Communist Hungary. The theory is that we can help liberalize Hungary's domestic and foreign policies. That is the theory. But what is the reality? The reality is that the people of Hungary today remain under a brutal Communist dictatorship. The regime there was brought to power through bloody repression of the Hungarian people---and it remains in power by threat and coercion. We will pay dearly for such mistaken theories. We have paid dearly for them in years past. Three times in this decade the old realities of Communism have fomented major world crises. more FORD i LIBRARY GERALD Ford. Captive Nations to There was the reality of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Today, four years later, the Wall stands as a symbol of Communist aggression. The outrage of Western statesmen has been forgotten--as the Communists knew it would. But the Wall remains. As with the captive nations, we are not supposed to mention the Berlin Wall anymore. To do so, we are told, is an unnecessary irritation of the Soviets. Thus does the spirit of false coexistence march on. It callously ignores all proof of Communist aggression. It deceives its followers and it betrays the cause of freedom. Then, in 1962, came the reality of the Cuban missile crisis. That crisis should have upset the theories of our myth-makers. Communist deceit and aggression were made plain for all to see. Despite this fact, the reality of the Cuban missile crisis soon gave way to myth. Again, the apostles of coexistence-at-any-price did not admit their mistake. Instead, they began arguing that the missile crisis advanced the cause of American-Soviet understanding. Why? Because, they said, it proved to the Russians that the United States will stand firm when & LIBRARY GERRA our vital interests are at stake. -more- Ford. Captive Nations -5- But we might ask why Khrushchev and his military advisers ever believed otherwise? What led them to think that the United States would ever tolerate Soviet missiles in the Caribbean? The answer is that the Communists concluded--as the late Robert Frost quoted Khruschev--- that America had become tooliberal to fight. Our lesson in Cuba ought to guide us during the third great crisis of this decade---in Viet Nam. In Cuba, our early vacillation encouraged the Communists to bolder-and-bolder aggression. We cannot we dare not--- lead them to repeat that mistake in Viet Name The Communist leaders in Moscow, Peiping and Hanoi must fully understand that the United States considers the freedom of South Viet Nam vital to our interests. And they must know that we are not bluffing in our determination to defend those interests. Mao has said that America will soon tire of the war in Viet Nam. It is President Johnson's grave responsibility to convince Mao and his Communist allies otherwise. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD -more- Ford. Captive Nations Our power is known to the enemy. The enemy must be convinced of the fact that we will use that power to meet the threat of aggression. Toward this end I recommended a short time ago that we intensify our air strikes against significant military targets in North Viet Nam. Predictably, I was denounced by armchair theorists. Many of these same spokesmen have given the President only half-hearted support in his Viet Nam policy. Many have openly attacked the President's firmess and called for a retreat out of Viet Nam. My purpose was---is---and will continue to be to strengthen the President's effort to convince the enemy of our firmness. But many of his ostensible political allies are in fact weakening his hand in this crisis. Let me repeat what I have said before: Here at home, President Johnson need not fear that the opposition party will ever undercut his efforts to be firm against Communist aggression in Viet Nam, or elsewhere. We have backed these efforts and we will always put national interest above narrow partisan interest. GERALD -more- Form.. Captive Nations -7- amend handfull But the President's worst opponents here at home are those critics within his own party who are undercutting his credibility in enemy capitals. Before the Cuban crisis, Khruschev was misled into believing America would not stand firm. Today, Mao is being misled by the this handful of cut-and-run speeches made by members of the own pelitical family. English Mao hears thes clamor for negotiation-at-any-price- from members of again by this limited in group the President's own political party. for our camputs Mao hears the clamor to retreat to high ground-or to Saigon-- those who call it McNameras was or even to Waikiki from members of the President's own political family. also Mao hears vague talk of "political solutions" and de-escalation-- 1 from a U.S. Seinter Senator who not long ago occupied a powerful policy-making position in our Government. And, he too is a member of the President's political family Along with the President, we wonder what some of these recommendations mean. But Mao believes he knows their meaning. To him and his allies, they mean America is divided. To Mao and his allies they mean that this country will abandon its policy of firmness in Viet Nam. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD -more- Ford. Captive Nations -8- These then are the irresponsible critics of the President's Viet Nam policy. Not those of us Democrat and Republican alike-- who want it known that the United States will defend our vital interests. These then are the irresponsible critics. Not those of us who urge that the President act to convince the Communists of our resolve. These then are the irresponsible critics. Many of the same irresolute voices led us to near-disaster in Cuba. Now they argue that our fight in Viet Nam is the wrong battleground--in the wrong place--- at the wrong time. But the vast majority of Americans know that the defense of freedom is the highest calling of a great Nation. And we believe that the time we help protect a free people from Communist aggression we are meeting our responsibilities at the right time--in the right place. This does not mean---as some cynical spokesmen claim it does that we must undertake a "holy war" against Communism. But it does mean that we must respond to own "unholy war" against humand freedom. GERALD LIBRARY -more- Ford. Captive Nations -9- What then are the vital interests we must defend in Viet Nam? Up to now, the public dialogue has been concerned with escalated means. Perhaps the time has arrived when the President,and those of us who support him, must escalate not means alone but the ends for which we fight. Is it enough to say that we are fighting to get the enemy to come to a conference table? The enemy himself is fighting for well-defined objectives. He wants to drive us out of Viet Nam, conquer the people and dominate the land. If we are to defeat this enemy objective, we too must define our goals in Viet Nam. Our military commitment has increased. Now the President must detail the vital interests we are fighting for in that part of the world. With the one exception of Korea, the United States has fought every war with clear objectives. These goals served to guide and sustain our fighting men and our people. The national frustration suffered during the Korean war resulted from our lack of clear objectives FORD i LIBRARY GERALD -more- Ford. Captive Nations -10- It is not enough to tell a free people that they are fighting a war only to achieve a stalemate. It will not be enough to gain in Viet Nam the same kind of negotiated settlement reachwin Laos. The negotiation in Laos opened the borders of South Viet Nam to Communist aggression. We cannot fight in Viet Nam to negotiate a settlement that will simply open the rest of Southeast Asia to aggression and subversion. We do not choose to be in Viet Name We would not be in Viet Nam if the Communists would only leave their neighbors alone. But it is not in the Communist nature to leave their neighbors alone. The fate of the captive peoples throughout the Communist world proves this fact. To believe otherwise is to believe in a myth-not reality. It is a myth which might lead the world to the darkness of tyranny--- or the horrors of a global holocaust. -more- GERALD LIGARA Ford. Captive Nations -11- John Ruskin said: "You may either win your peace or buy it; win it, by resistance to evil; buy it, by compromise with evil. You may buy your peace with silenced consciences; you may buy it with broken VOWS buy it with lying words---buy it with base connivances-- buy it with the blood of the slain, and the cry of the captive, and the silence of lost souls over hemispheres of the earth, while you sit smiling at your serene hearths, lisping comfortable prayers morning and evening, and so mutter continually to yourselves, 'Peace, peace", when there is no peace; but only captivity and death for you as well as for those you leave unsaved; and yours darker than theirs." We will win our peace by resistance to evil. We will not buy it by compromise with evil. That will remain our purpose in Viet Nam and throughout the world -wherever brave men resist tyranny and long for freedom. RALD ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD, HOUSE REPUBLICAN LEADER BEFORE THE CAPTIVE NATIONS ASSEMBLY NATIONAL PRESS CLUB July 21, 1965 FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY OF SPEECH 7:30 P.M. JULY 21, 1965 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: NEW MYTHS AND OLD REALITIES I am honored to be here tonight and to receive this Captive Nations Award. Your organization has a great mission. You help keep alive the hope of freedom for the captive peoples under Communism. With a deep sense of humility, I thank you -- and salute your efforts. Tonight I would like to discuss new myths and old realities affecting United States foreign policy. American fighting men are at this moment in a are hot war in Viet Nam. They there to help roll back the tide of Communist aggression. they are to succeed, here at home we must face up to the true nature of enemy COMMUNISM. The theory has grown in recent years that this enemy is changing and mellowing. We are told that the Communist world is splitting up. We are ad- vised by so-called experts that the Soviet Union wants peaceful coexistence. These experts say that we should encourage such change by a more tolerant attitude toward Communism. This has been a dominant theme in recent American foreign policy. But unfortunately, it is a theme based on hope, not evidence -- on myth, not reality. For example, there has been an effort to pull down a verbal Iron Curtain on any discussion of the captive nations under Communist rule. Some FORD is LIBRARY GERALD insut That is the myth -- but what is the reality ? The truth can be learned by studying this Nation's policy toward Hungary. We are being told now that the Communist rulers of Hungary are changing. We are being told that they too are mellowing. We are being advised by the so- called' "experts" that the United States should consider a large-scale trade and aid program to Communist Hungary. The theory is that we can help liberalize Hungary's domestic and foreign policies. That is the theory. But what is the rulia reality ? The reality the people D is that Hungary today remain#/s brutal Communist dictatorship The under plasse regime there was brought to power through bloody repression of the Hungarian people -- and it remains in power by the threat of and coercion. We will pay dearly for such mistaken theories. this decare We have paid dearly for them in years past. Three times in the past five years the old realities of Communism have fomented major world crises. Ford - 2. misguided spokesmen have even opposed Kremlin the idea of having a Captive Nations Week. They claim that it rubs the Union the wrong way and therefore blocks American-Soviet understanding. That is the myth --- but what is the reality ? It is that in Eastern Europe tens of millions of people live under Communist repression. No demo- cratic elections are permitted in these countries. The principle of national self-determination is ruthlessly denied. The myth says that the United States should furnish trade and aid to help the economies of these captive nations. We are told that in this way the Communist monolith will break up. That is the myth but what is the reality The touth can be THE learned by studying the example of Iugoslavia. For nearly twenty years now we have poured aid into Yugoslavia. We have hoped to lure Tito away from Indian his totalitarian system. Billions of U.S. dollars have been spent in the effort to liberalize Yugoslavian government and to break Tito's ties to international Communism. With what success ? The old reality remains 8 Tito today is still a Communist dictator who answers political criticism with prison terms. And although he has been kept going by American aid, he is closer to Moscow today than ever before. heories. delly Yet the mongers of the coexistence Nine cling to their mythe. After all, they have an investment in their own past mistakes. They have ready answers to explain away their foreign policy failures. And if these answers don't satisfy their crities -- why, they just denounce those critics as war ? hawks ! GERALD R.FORD LIBRARY Ford - 3. major times INSERD world in Nevertheless, the crises. past five we years have the paid old dearly realities for of these Communism past mistakes. have fomented Three There was the reality of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Today, four years later, the Wall stands as a symbol of Communist aggression. The outrage of Western statesmen has been forgotten -- as the Communists knew it would. But the Wall remains. As with the captive nations, we are not supposed to men- tion the Berlin Wall anymore. To do so, we are told, is an unnecessary irri- tation of the Soviets. Thus does the spirit of false coexistence march on. It callously ignores all proof of Communist aggression. It deceives its followers -- and it betrays the cause of freedom. Then, in 1962, came the reality of the Cuban missile crisis. That crisis should have upset the theories of our myth-makers. Communist deceit and aggression were made plain for all to see. Despite this fact, the reality of the Cuban missile crisis soon gave way to myth. Again, the apostles of ccexistence-at-any-price did not admit their mistake. Instead, they began arguing that the missile crisis advanced the cause of American-Soviet understanding. Why ? Because, they said, it proved to the Russians that the United States will stand firm when our vital interests are at stake. But we might ask why Khrushchev and his military advisers ever be- lieved otherwise ? What led them to think that the United States would ever tolerate Soviet missiles in the Caribbean ? The answer is that the Communists concluded -- as the late Robert GERALD Ford - 4. Frost quoted Khruschev -- that America had become too liberal to fight. Our lesson in Cuba ought to guide us during the third great crisis of this decade -- in Viet Nam. In Cuba, our early vacillation encouraged the Communists to bolder-and-belder aggression. We cannot --- we dare not --- lead them to repeat that mistake in Viet Nam. The Communist leaders in Moscow, Peiping and Hanoi must fully under- stand that the United States considers the freedom of SouthViet Nam vital to our interests. And they must know that we are not bluffing in our determina- tion to defend those interests. Mao has said that America will soon tire of the war in Viet Nam. It is President Johnson's grave responsibility to convince Mao and his Communist allies otherwise. Our power is known to the enemy. The enemy must be convinced of the fact that we will use that power to meet the threat of aggression. Toward this end I recommended a short time ago that we remove antersity our an states timest against Seviet significant military target in north Vit diseator. Nam, Predictably, I was denounced by armchair theorists I Many of these same spokesmen have given the President only half-hearted support in his (the Presidents firmess Viet Nam policy. Many have openly attacked thir policy --- and called for a retreat out of Viet Nam. My purpose was -- is -- and will continue to be -- to strengthen the President's effort to convince the enemy of our firmness. But many of his ostensible political allies are in fact weakening his hand in this crisis. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD Ford - 5. Let me repeat what I have said before : Here at home, President Johnson need not fear that the opposition party will ever undercut his ef- forts to defmat Communism in Viet Nam. We have backed these efforts -- and b6 prom against anyworn or we will always put national interest above narrow partisan interest. But the President's worst opponents here at home are those crities within his own party who are undercutting his credibility in enemy capitals. Before the Cuban crisis, Khruschev was misled into believing America would not stand firm. Today, Mao is being misled by the cut-and-run speeches buing made by members of the President's own political family. Mao hears the clamor for negotiation-at-any-price --- from members of the President's own political party. Mao hears the clamor to retreat to high ground -- or to Saigon - or even to Waikiki -- from members of the President's own political family. Mao hears vague talk of " political solutions If and de-escalation - a U.S. semator from who not long ago occupied a powerful policy-making posi- tion in our Government. And he too is a member of the President's own poli- tical family. Along with the President, we wonder what some of these recommendations mean. But Mao believes he knows their meaning. To him and his allies, they mean America is divided. They mean that the President is being pressured by To mas his alles his own politioni family to getout of Southeast Asiao They mean that this country will abandon its policy of firmness in Viet Nam. These then are the irresponsible critics of the President's Viet Nam policy. Not those of us -- Democrat and Republican alike - who want it known that the United States will defend our vital interests. These then are the irresponsible crities. Not those of us who urge Ford - 6. that the President act to convince the Communists of our resolve. These then are the irresponsible critics. Many of the same irreso- lute voices led us to near-disaster in Cuba. Now they argue that our fight in Viet Nam is the wrong battlegment war in the wrong place -- at the wrong time. But the vast majority of Americans know that the defense of freedom is the highest calling of a great Nation. Responsibilities And we at believe the that we help protect a free people we are from meeting Communist our aggression right time way in the right place. at it does This does not mean -- as some cynical spokesmen claim/- that we MUS t undertake a " holy war n against Communism. But it does mean that we must res- pond to Communism's own " unholy war " against human freedom. What then are the vital interests we must defend in Viet Nam ? the public dialogue has Gun concerned with Up to now, we have escalated means. Perhaps the time the President of those of us who support has arrived when A must escalate not means alone -- but the ends for which we fight. Is it enough to say that we are fighting to get the enemy to come to a conference table ? The enemy himself is fighting for well-defined ob- jectives s He wants to drive us out of Viet Nam consuler over The people entire of Communate The land, If we are to defeat this enemy objective, we too must define our goals in Viet Nam. Our military commitment has increased. Now the Presi- dent must detail the vital interests we are fighting for in that part of the world. With the one exception of Korwa, - the United States every WAR has fought Sound with clear objectives. These goals served to guide and sustain our fighting men and our people. The national frustration suffered DERALD FORD LIBRARY Ford - 7. during the Korean war resulted from our lack of clear objectives. It is not enough to tell a free people that they are fighting a war only to achieve a stalemate. It will not be enough to gain in Viet Nam the same kind of negotiated settlement reached in Laos. The negotiation in Laos opened the borders of South Viet Nam to Communist aggression. We cannot fight in Viet Nam to negotiate a settlement that will simply open the rest of Southeast Asia * to aggression and sub- version. We do not choose to be in Viet Nam. We would not be in Viet Nam if the Communists would only leave their neighbors alone. But it is not in the Communist nature to leave their neighbors done. The fate of the cap- tive peoples throughout the Communist world proves this fact. To believe otherwise is to believe in a myth -- not reality. It is a myth which might a global holocaust lead the world to the darkness of tyranny -- or the horrors of John Ruskin said : " You may either win your peace or buy it; win it, by resistance to evil; buy it, by compromise with evil. You may buy your peace with silenced consciences; you may buy it with broken VOWS --- buy it with lying words -- buy it with base connivances -- buy it with the blood of the slain, and the cry of the captive, and the silence of lost souls over hemispheres of the earth, while you sit smiling at your serene hearths, lisping comfortable prayers morning and evening, and so mutter continually to yourselves, 1 Peace, peace ', when there is no peace; but only captivity and death for you as well as for those you leave unsaved; and yours darker than theirs. " Ford - 8. We will win our peace by resistance to evil. We will not buy it by compromise with evil. That will remain our purpose in Viet Nam and throughout the world -- wherever brave men resist tyranny and long for freedom. # FORD is LIBRARY GERALD ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD, HOUSE REPUBLICAN LEADER BEFORE THE CAPTIVE NATIONS ASSEMBLY NATIONAL PRESS CLUB July 21, 1965 FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY OF SPEECH 7#30 P.M. JULY 21, 1965 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: NEW MYTHS AND OLD REALITIES I am honoredd to be here tonight and to receive this Captive Nations Award. Your organisation has a great mission. You help keep alive the hope of freedom for the captive peoples under Communism. With a deep sense of humility, I thank you---and salute your efforts. Tonight I would like to discuss new myths and old realities affecting United States foreign policy. American fighting men are at this moment in a hot war in Viet Nam. They are there to help roll back the tide of Communist aggression. If they are to succeed, here at home we must face up to the true nature of the energe===Communism. The theory has grown in recent years that this enemy is changing and mellowing. We are told that the Communist world is splitting up. We are advised by so-called experts that the Soviet Union wants peaceful coexistence. These experts say that we should encourage such change by a more tolerant attitude toward Communism. GERALD LIBRARY -more- Ford. Captive Nations This has been a dominant theme in recent American foreign policy. Unfortunately, it is a theme based on hope, not evidence----------------- myth, not reality. For example, there has been an effort to pull down a verbal Iron Curtain on any discussion of the captive nations under Communist rule. Some misguided spokesmen have even opposed the idea of having a Captive Nations Week. They claim it rubs the Kremlin the wrong way and therefore blocks American-Soviet understanding. That is the myth-but what is the reality? It is that in Eastern Europe tens of millions of people live under Communist repression. No democratic elections are permitted in these countries. The principle of national self-determination is ruthlessly denied. The myth says that the United States should furnish trade and aid to help the economics of these captive nations. We are told that in this way the Communist monolith will break up. -more- FORD is LIBRARY GERALD Ford..Captive Nations -3- That is the myth=--but what is the reality The truth can be learned by studying this Nation's policy toward Hungary. We are being told now that the Communist rulers of Hungary are changing. We are being told now that they too are mellowing. We are being advised by the so-called "experts" that the United States should consider a large-scale trade and aid program to Communist Hungary. The theory is that we can help liberalise Hungary's domestic and foreign policies. That is the theory. But what is the reality? The reality is that the people of Hungary today remain under a brutal Communist dictatorship. The regime there was brought to power through bloody repression of the Hungarian people****nd it remains in power by threat and coercion. We will pay dearly for such mistaken theories. We have paid dearly for them in years past. Three times in this decade the old realities of Communism have fomented major world crises. *8.20% R.10RD is LIBRARY GERALD Ford..Captive Nations die There was the reality of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Today, four years later, the Wall stands as a symbol of Communist aggression. The outrage of Western statesmen has been forgotten---as the Communists knew it would. But the Wall remainds. As with the captive nations, we are not supposed to mention the Berlin Wall anymore. To do so, we are told, is an unnecessary irritation of the Soviets. Thus does the spirit of false coexistence march one It callously ignores all proof of Communist aggression. It deceives its followers--- and it betrays the cause of freedom. Then, in 1962, came the reality of the Cuban missile crisis. That crisis should have upset the theories of our nyth-makers. Communist deceit and aggression were made plain for all to see. Despite this fact, the reality of the Cuban missile crisis soon gave way to myth. Again, the apostles of cosxistence=at=sny-price did not admit their mistake. Instead, they began arguing that the missile crisis advanced the cause of American-Soviet understanding. Why? Because, they said, it proved to the Russians that the United States will stand firm when our FORD & LIBRARY GERA vital interests are at stake. -more- Ford..Captive Nations 5- But we might ask why Kinrushchev and his military advisers ever believed otherwise? What led them to think that the United States would ever tolerate Soviet missiles in the Caribbean? The answer is that the Communists concluded--as the late Robert Frost quoted Khruschev---------------- that America had become too liberal to fight. Our lesson in Cuba ought to guide us during the third great crisis of this decade---in Viet Name In Cuba, our early vacillation encouraged the Communists to bolder-and=bolder aggression. We cannot--- we dare lead them to repeat that mistake in Viet Name The Communist leaders in Moscow, Peiping and Hanoi must fully understand that the United States considers the freedom of South Viet Nam vital to our interests. And they must know that we are not bluffing in our determination to defend those interests. Mao has said that America will soon tire of the war in Viet Name It is President Johnson's grave responsibility to convince Mao and his Communist allies otherwise. GERALD LIBRARY ? FORD ****** Ford.,Captive Nations Our power is known to the enemy. The enemy must be convinced of the fact that we will use that power to meet the threat of aggression. Toward this end I recommended a short time ago that we intensify our air strikes against significant military targets in North Viet Nam. Predictably, I was denounced by armchair theorists. Many of these same spokesmen have given the President only half-hearted support in his Viet Nam policy. Many have openly attacked the President's firmess--- and called for a retreat out of Viet Name My purpose was---is----and will continue to benuato strengthen the President's effort to convince the enemy of our firmness. But many of his ostensible political allies are in fact weakening his hand in this crimis. Let me repeat what I have said before Here at home, President Johnson need not fear that the opposition party will ever underent his efforts to be firm against Communist aggression in Viet Man, or elsewhere. We have backed these efforts---and we will always put national interest above narrow partisan interest. GERALD LIBRARY -more- Ford.. Captive Nations -7- But the President's worst opponents here at home are those critics within his own party who are undercutting his credibility in enemy capitals. Before the Cuban crisis, Khruschev was misled into believidge America would not stand firm. Today, Mao is being misled by the out-and-run speeches made by members of the President's own political family. Mao hears the clamor for negotiation-at-any-price-=-frow members of the President's own political party. Mao hears the clamor to retreat to high ground--or to Saigon-- or even to Waikiki---from members of the President's own political family. Mao hears vague talk of "political solutions" and de-escalation-- from a U.S. Seantor who not long ago occupied a powerful policy-making position in our Government. And, he too is a member of the President's political family. Along with the President, we wonder what some of these recommendations mean. But Mao believes he knows their meaning. To him and his allies, they mean America is divided. To Mao and his allies they mean that this country will abandon its policy of firmness in Viet Nam. GERALO FORD LIBRARY «more» Ford..Captive Nations -8- These then are the irresponsible critics of the President's Viet Nam policy. Not those of us--Democrat and Republican alike-- who want it known that the United States will defend our vital interests. These then are the irresponsible critics. Not those of us who urge that the President act to convince the Communists of our resolve. These then are the irresponsible critics. Many of the same irresolute voices led us to near-disaster in Cuba. Now they argue that our fight in Viet Nam is the wrong battleground--in the wrong place--- at the wrong time. But the vast majority of Americans know that the defense of freedom is the highest calling of a great Nation. And we believe that the time we help protect a free people from Communist aggression we are meeting our responsibilities at the right tim---in the right place. This does not mean---as some cynical spokesmen claim it does--- that we must undertake a "holy war" against Communism. But it does mean that we must respond to Communishim's own "unholy war" against humand freedom. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD -more- Ford. Captive Nations -9- What then are the vital interests we must defend in Viet Nam? Up to now, the public dialogue has been concerned with escalated means. Perhaps the time has arrived when the President,and those of us who support him, must escalate not means alone--but the ends for which we fight. Is it enough to say that we are fighting to get the enemy to come to a conference table? The enemy himself 1s fighting for well-defined objectives. He wants to drive us out of Viet Nam, conquer the people and dominate the land. If we are to defeat this enemy objective, we too must define our goals in Viet Nam. Our military commitment has increased. Now the President must detail the vital interests we are fighting for in that part of the world. With the one exception of Korea, the United States has fought every war with clear objectives. These goals served to guide and sustain our fighting men and our people. The national frustration suffered during the Korean war resulted from our lack of clear objectives. GERALD APPERIT R. R.FORD -more- Ford..Captive Nations -10- It is not enough to tell a free people that they are fighting a war only to achieve a stalemate. It will not be enough to gain in Viet Nam the same kind of negotiated settlement reachdin Laos. The negotiation in Laos opened the borders of South Viet Nam to Communist aggression. We cannot fight in Viet Nam to negotiate a settlement that will simply open the rest of Southeast Asia to aggression and subversion. We do not choose to be in Viet Name We would not be in Viet Nam if the Communists would only leave their neighbors alone. But it is not in the Communist nature to leave their neighbors alone. The fate of the captive peoples throughout the Communist world proves this fact. To believe otherwise is to believe in a myth--not reality. It is a myth which might lead the world to the darkness of tyranny--- or the horrors of a global holocaust. -more- FORD & LIBRARY GERALD Ford..Captive Nations -11- John Ruskin saids "You may either win your peace or buy its win it, by resistance to evils buy it, by compromise with evil. You may buy your peace with silenced consciences; you may buy it with broken vows---buy it with lying words---buy it with base connivances-- buy it with the blood of the slain, and the cry of the captive, and the silence of lost souls over hemispheres of the earth, while you sit smiling at your serene hearths, lisping comfortable prayers morning and evening, and so mutter continually to yourselves, 'Peace, peace", when there is no peace; but only captivity and death for you as well as for those you leave unsaved; and yours darker than theirs." We will win our peace by resistance to evil. We will not buy it by compromise with evil. That will remain our purpose in Viet Nam and throughout the world--wherever brave men resist tyranny and long for freedom. # FORD & LIBRARY GERALD ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD, HOUSE REPUBLICAN LEADER BEFORE THE CAPTIVE NATIONS ASSEMBLY NATIONAL PRESS CLUB July 21, 1965 FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY OF SPEECH 7:30 P.M. JULY 21, 1965 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: NEW MYTHS AND OLD REALITIES I am honored to be here tonight and to receive this Captive Nations Award. Your organization has a great mission. You help keep alive the hope of freedom for the captive peoples under Communism. With a deep sense of humility, I thank you---and salute your efforts. Tonight I would like to discuss new myths and old realities affecting United States foreign policy. American fighting men are at this moment in a hot war in Viet Nam. They are there to help roll back the tide of Com- munist aggression. If they are to succeed, here at home we must face up to the true nature of the enemy--Communism. The theory has grown in recent years that this enemy is changing and mellowing. We are told that the Communist world is splitting up. We are advised by so-called experts that the Soviet Union wants peaceful co- existence. These experts say that we should encourage such change by a more tolerant attitude toward Communism. This has been a dominant theme in recent American foreign policy. Un- fortunately, it is a theme based on hope, not evidence---on myth, not reality. For example, there has been an effort to pull down a verbal Iron Cur- tain on any discussion of the captive nations under Communist rule. Some misguided spokesmen have even opposed the idea of having a Captive Nations Week. They claim it rubs the Kremlin the wrong way and therefore blocks American-Soviet understanding. That is the myth--but what is the reality? It is that in Eastern Europe tens of millions of people live under Communist repression. No democratic elections are permitted in these countries. The principle of national self-determination is ruthlessly denied. The myth says that the United States should furnish trade and aid to help the economics of these captive nations. We are told that in this way the Communist monolith will break up. That is the myth---but what is the reality? The truth can be learned by studying this Nation's policy toward Hungary, We are being told now Ford. Captive Nations -2- that the Communist rulers of Hungary are changing. We are being told now that they too are mellowing. We are being advised by the so-called "experts" that the United States should consider a large-scale trade and aid program to Communist Hungary. The theory is that we can help liberalize Hungary's domestic and foreign policies. That is the theory. But what is the reality? The reality is that the people of Hungary today remain under a brutal Communist dictator- ship. The regime there was brought to power through bloody repression of the Hungarian people---and it remains in power by threat and co- ercion. We will pay dearly for such mistaken theories. We have paid dearly for them in years past. Three times in this decade the old realities of Communism have fomented major world crises. There was the reality of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Today, four years later, the Wall stands as a symbol of Communist aggression, The outrage of Western statesmen has been forgotten---as the Communists knew it would. But the Wall remains. As with the captive nations, we are not supposed to mention the Berlin Wall anymore. To do so, we are told, is an unnecessary irritation of the Soviets, Thus does the spirit of false coexistence march on. It callously ignores all proof of Communist aggression. It deceives its followers--- and it betrays the cause of freedom. Thus, in 1962, came the reality of the Cuban missile crisis. That crisis should have upset the theories of our myth-makers. Communist deceit and aggression were made plain for all to see. Despite this fact, the reality of the Cuban missile crisis soon gave way to myth. Again, the apostles of coexistence-at-any-price did not admit their mistake. Instead, they begain arguing that the missile crisis advanced the cause of American-Soviet understanding. Why? Because, they said, it proved to the Russians that the United States will stand firm when our vital interests are at stake. But we might ask why Khrushchev and his military advisers ever be- lieved otherwise? What led them to think that the United States would ever tolerate Soviet missiles in the Caribbean? The answer is that the Communists concluded--as the late Robert Frost quoted Khrushchev--that America had become too liberal to fight. Ford. Captive Nations -3- Our lesson in Cuba ought to guide us during the third great crisis of this decade in Viet Nam. In Cuba, our early vacillation encouraged the Communists to bolder-and-bolder aggression. We cannot we dare not---lead them to repeat that mistake in Viet Nam. The Communist leaders in Moscow, Peiping and Hanoi must fully understand that the United States considers the freedom of South Viet Nam vital to our interests. And they must know that we are not bluffing in our determination to defend those interests. Mao has said that America will soon tire of the war in Viet Nam. It is President Johnson's grave responsibility to convince Mao and his Communist allies otherwise. Our power is known to the enemy. The enemy must be convinced of the fact that we will use that power to meet the threat of aggression. Toward this end I recommended a short time ago that we intensify our air strikes against significant military targets in North Viet Nam. Predictably, I was denounced by armchair theorists. Many of these same spokesmen have given the President only half-hearted support in his Viet Nam policy. Many have openly attacked the President's firmness and called for a retreat out of Viet Nam. My purpose was is and will continue to be to strengthen the President's effort to convince the enery of our firmness. But many of his ostensible political allies are in fact weakening his hand in this crisis. Let me repeat what I have said before: Here at home, President Johnson need not fear that the opposition party will ever undercut his efforts to be firm against Communist aggression in Viet Nam, or elsewhere. We have backed these efforts and we will always put national interest above narrow partisan interest. But the President's worst opponents here at home are those critics within his own party who are undercutting his credibility in enemy capitals. Before the Cuban crisis, Khrushchev was misled into believing America would not stand firm. Today, Mac is being misled by the cut- and-run speeches made by members of the President's own political family. Ford. Captive Nations -4- Mao hears the clamor for negotiation-at-any-price---from members of the President's own political party. Mao hears the clamor to retreat to high ground--or to Saigon--or even to Waikiki---from members of the President's own political family. Mao hears vague talk of "political solutions" and de-escalation--- from a U.S. Senator who not long ago occupied a powerful policy-making position in our Government. And, he too is a member of the President's political family. Along with the President, we wonder what some of these recommenda- tions mean. But Mao believes he knows their meaning. To him and his allies, they mean America is divided. To Mao and his allies they mean that this country will abandon its policy of firmness in Viet Nam. These then are the irresponsible critics of the President's Viet Nam policy. Not those of us--Democrat and Republican alike--who want it known that the United States will defend our vital interests. These then are the irresponsible critics. Not those of us who urge that the President act to convince the Communists of our resolve. These then are the irresponsible critics. Many of the same ir- resolute voices led us to near-disaster in Cuba. Now they argue that our fight in Viet Nam is the wrong battleground--: the wrong place-- at the wrong time. But the vast majority of Americans know that the defense of freedom is the highest calling of a great Nation. And we believe that the time we help protect a free people from Communist aggression we are meeting our responsibilities at the right time---in the right place. This does not mean---as some cynical spokesmen claim it does--- that we must undertake a "holy war" against Communism. But it does mean that we must respond to Communism's own "unholy war" against human free- dom. What then are the vital interests we must defend in Viet Nam? Up to now, the public dialogue has been concerned with escalated means. Perhaps the time has arrived when the President, and those of us who support him, must escalate not means alone---but the ends for which we fight. Is it enough to say that we are fighting to get the enemy to come to a conference table? The enemy himself is fighting for well-defined Ford. Captive Nations -5- objectives. He wants to drive us out of Viet Nam, conquer the people and dominate the land. If we are to defeat this enemy objective, we too must define our goals in Viet Nam. Our military commitment has increased. Now the President must detail the vital interests we are fighting for in that part of the world. With the one exception of Korea, the United States has fought every war with clear objectives, These goals served to guide and sustain our fighting men and our people. The national frustration suf- fered during the Korean war resulted from our lack of clear objectives. It is not enough to tell a free people that they are fighting a war only to achieve a stalemate. It will not be enough to gain in Viet Nam the same kind of negotiated settlement reached in Laos. The negotiation in Laos opened the borders of South Viet Nam to Communist aggression. We cannot fight in Viet Nam to negotiate a set- tlement that will simply open the rest of Southeast Asia to aggression and subversion. We do not choose to be in Viet Nam. We would not be in Viet Nam if the Communists would only leave their neighbors alone. But it is not in the Communist nature to leave their neighbors alone. The fate of the captive peoples throughout the Communist world proves this fact. To believe otherwise is to believe a myth--not reality. It is a myth which might lead the world to the darkness of tyranny or the horrors of a global holocaust. John Ruskin said: "You may either win your peace or buy it; win it, by resistance to evil; buy it, by compromise with evil. You may buy your peace with silenced consciences; you may buy it with broken vows--buy it with lying words--buy it with base connivances- buy it with the blood of the slain, and the cry of the captive, and the silence of lost souls over hemispheres of the earth, while you sit smiling at your serene hearths, lisping comfortable prayers morning and evening, and so mutter continually to yourselves, 'Peace,peace', when there is no peace; but only captivity and death for you as well as for those you leave unsaved; and yours darker than theirs." -more- Ford . Captive Nations -6- We will win our peace by resistance to evil. We will not buy it by compromise with evil. That will remain our purpose in Viet Nam and throughout the world - wherever brave men resist tyranny and long for freedom. # # # ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD, HOUSE REPUBLICAN LEADER BEFORE THE CAPTIVE NATIONS ASSEMBLY NATIONAL PRESS CLUB July 21, 1965 FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY OF SPEECH 7:30 P.M. JULY 21, 1965 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: NEW MYTHS AND OLD REALITIES I am honored to be here tonight and to receive this Captive Nations Award. Your organization has a great mission. You help keep alive the hope of freedom for the captive peoples under Communism. With a deep sense of humility, I thank you---and salute your efforts. Tonight I would like to discuss new myths and old realities affecting United States foreign policy. American fighting men are at this moment in a hot war in Viet Nam. They are there to help roll back the tide of Com- munist aggression. If they are to succeed, here at home we must face up to the true nature of the enemy--Communism. The theory has grown in recent years that this enemy is changing and mellowing. We are told that the Communist world is splitting up, We are advised by so-called experts that the Soviet Union wants peaceful co- existence. These experts say that we should encourage such change by a more tolerant attitude toward Communism. This has been a dominant theme in recent American foreign policy. Un- fortunately, it is a theme based on hope, not evidence--on myth, not reality. For example, there has been an effort to pull down a verbal Iron Cur- tain on any discussion of the captive nations under Communist rule. Some misguided spokesmen have even opposed the idea of having a Captive Nations Week. They claim it rubs the Kremlin the wrong way and therefore blocks American-Soviet understanding. That is the myth--but what is the reality? It is that in Eastern Europe tens of millions of people live under Communist repression. No democratic elections are permitted in these countries. The principle of national self-determination is ruthlessly denied. The myth says that the United States should furnish trade and aid to help the economics of these captive nations. We are told that in this way the Communist monolith will break up. That is the myth--but what is the reality? The truth can be learned by studying this Nation's policy toward Hungary. We are being told now Ford. Captive Nations -2- that the Communist rulers of Hungary are changing, We are being told now that they too are mellowing. We are being advised by the so-called "experts" that the United States should consider a large-scale trade and aid program to Communist Hungary. The theory is that we can help liberalize Hungary's domestic and foreign policies. That is the theory. But what is the reality? The reality is that the people of Hungary today remain under a brutal Communist dictator- ship. The regime there was brought to power through bloody repression of the Hungarian people---and it remains in power by threat and co- ercion. We will pay dearly for such mistaken theories. We have paid dearly for them in years past. Three times in this decade the old realities of Communism have fomented major world crises. There was the reality of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Today, four years later, the Wall stands as a symbol of Communist aggression, The outrage of Western statesmen has been forgotten---as the Communists knew it would. But the Wall remains. As with the captive nations, we are not supposed to mention the Berlin Wall anymore. To do so, we are told, is an unnecessary irritation of the Soviets. Thus does the spirit of false coexistence march on. It callously ignores all proof of Communist aggression. It deceives its followers--- and it betrays the cause of freedom. Thus, in 1962, came the reality of the Cuban missile crisis. That crisis should have upset the theories of our myth-makers. Communist deceit and aggression were made plain for all to see. Despite this fact, the reality of the Cuban missile crisis soon gave way to myth. Again, the apostles of coexistence-at-any-price did not admit their mistake. Instead, they begain arguing that the missile crisis advanced the cause of American-Soviet understanding. Why? Because, they said, it proved to the Russians that the United States will stand firm when our vital interests are at stake, But we might ask why Khrushchev and his military advisers ever be- lieved otherwise? What led them to think that the United States would ever tolerate Soviet missiles in the Caribbean? The answer is that the Communists concluded--as the late Robert Frost quoted Khrushchev--that America had become too liberal to fight. Ford. Captive Nations -3- Our lesson in Cuba ought to guide us during the third great crisis of this decade in Viet Nam. In Cuba, our early vacillation encouraged the Communists to bolder-and-bolder aggression. We cannot we dare not---lead them to repeat that mistake in Viet Nam. The Communist leaders in Moscow, Peiping and Hanoi must fully understand that the United States considers the freedom of South Viet Nam vital to our interests. And they must know that we are not bluffing in our determination to defend those interests. Mao has said that America will soon tire of the war in Viet Nam. It is President Johnson's grave responsibility to convince Mao and his Communist allies otherwise. Our power is known to the enemy. The enemy must be convinced of the fact that we will use that power to meet the threat of aggression. Toward this end I recommended a short time ago that we intensify our air strikes against significant military targets in North Viet Nam. Predictably, I was denounced by armchair theorists. Many of these same spokesmen have given the President only half-hearted support in his Viet Nam policy. Many have openly attacked the President's firmness and called for a retreat out of Viet Nam. My purpose was is and will continue to be to strengthen the President's effort to convince the enemy of our firmness. But many of his ostensible political allies are in fact weakening his hand in this crisis. Let me repeat what I have said before: Here at home, President Johnson need not fear that the opposition party will ever undercut his efforts to be firm against Communist aggression in Viet Nam, or elsewhere. We have backed these efforts and we will always put national interest above narrow partisan interest. But the President's worst opponents here at home are those critics within his own party who are undercutting his credibility in enemy capitals. Before the Cuban crisis, Khrushchev was misled into believing America would not stand firm. Today, Mao is being misled by the cut- and-run speeches made by members of the President's own political family. Ford. Captive Nations -4- Mao hears the clamor for negotiation-at-any-price---from members of the President's own political party. Mao hears the clamor to retreat to high ground--or to Saigon--or even to Waikiki--from members of the President's own political family. Mao hears vague talk of "political solutions" and de-escalation--- from a U.S. Senator who not long ago occupied a powerful policy-making position in our Government. And, he too is a member of the President's political family. Along with the President, we wonder what some of these recommenda- tions mean. But Mao believes he knows their meaning, To him and his allies, they mean America is divided. To Mao and his allies they mean that this country will abandon its policy of firmness in Viet Nam. These then are the irresponsible critics of the President's Viet Nam policy. Not those of s--Democrat and Republican alike--who want it known that the United States will defend our vital interests. These then are the irresponsible critics. Not those of us who urge that the President act to convince the Communists of our resolve. These then are the irresponsible critics. Many of the same ir- resolute voices led us to near-disaster in Cuba. Now they argue that our fight in Viet Nam is the wrong battleground--in the wrong place-- at the wrong time. But the vast majority of Americans know that the defense of freedom is the highest calling of a great Nation. And we believe that the time we help protect a free people from Communist aggression we are meeting our responsibilities at the right time---in the right place. This does not mean---as some cynical spokesmen claim it does--- that we must undertake a "holy war" against Communism. But it does mean that we must respond to Communism's own "unholy war" against human free- dom. What then are the vital interests we must defend in Viet Nam? Up to now, the public dialogue has been concerned with escalated means. Perhaps the time has arrived when the President, and those of us who support him, must escalate not means alone---but the ends for which we fight. Is it enough to say that we are fighting to get the enemy to come to a conference table? The enemy himself is fighting for well-defined Ford Captive Nations -5- objectives. He wants to drive us cut of Viet Nam, conquer the people and dominate the land. If we are to defeat this enemy objective, we too must define our goals in Viet Nam. Our military commitment has increased. Now the President must detail the vital interests we are fighting for in that part of the world. With the one exception of Korea, the United States has fought every war with clear objectives. These goals served to guide and sustain our fighting men and our people. The national frustration suf- fered during the Korean war resulted from our lack of clear objectives. It is not enough to tell a free people that they are fighting a war only to achieve a stalemate. It will not be enough to gain in Viet Nam the same kind of negotiated settlement reached in Laos. The negotiation in Laos opened the borders of South Viet Nam to Communist aggression. We cannot fight in Viet Nam to negotiate a set- tlement that will simply open the rest of Southeast Asia to aggression and subversion. We do not choose to be in Viet Nam. We would not be in Viet Nam if the Communists would only leave their neighbors alone. But it is not in the Communist nature to leave their neighbors alone. The fate of the captive peoples throughout the Communist world proves this fact. To believe otherwise is to believe a myth--not reality. It is a myth which might lead the world to the darkness of tyranny or the horrors of a global holocaust. John Ruskin said: "You may either win your peace or buy it; win it, by resistance to evil; buy it, by compromise with evil. You may buy your peace with silenced consciences; you may buy it with broken vows--buy it with lying words--buy it with base connivances buy it with the blood of the slain, and the cry of the captive, and the silence of lost souls over hemispheres of the earth, while you sit smiling at your serene hearths, lisping comfortable prayers morning and evening, and so mutter continually to yourselves, 'Peace, peace', when there is no peace; but only captivity and death for you as well as for those you leave unsaved; and yours darker than theirs." -more- Ford. . Captive Nations -6- We will win our peace by resistance to evil. We will not buy it by compromise with evil. That will remain our purpose in Viet Nam and throughout the world wherever brave men resist tyranny and long for freedom. # # #