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Commencement Address, St. Michael's College, Winooski, VT, June 8, 1969
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Commencement Address, St. Michael's College, Winooski, VT, June 8, 1969
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This file contains material relating to Students for a Democratic Society.
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The original documents are located in Box D27, folder "Commencement Address, St. Michael's College, Winooski, VT, June 8, 1969" of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box D27 of The Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS. ST. MICHAEL'S COLLEGE WINOOSKI, VERMONT, 3 P.M. SUNDAY Bishop JUNE 8, 1969. Resided MOST REVEREND CLERGY, FACULTY MEMBERS, HONORED GUESTS, PARENTS AND GRADUATING SENIORS OF THIS OUTSTANDING INSTITUTION OF LEARNING: Skiine what alth I AM DELIGHTED TO BE WITH YOU HERE IN THE EXHILERATING ATMOSPHERE OF THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE AND ONE OF VERMONT'S FINEST COLLEGES. I AM MOST GRATEFUL FOR THE HONOR YOU HAVE BESTOWED ON ME. I HOPE I AM DESERVING OF IT. AND I PRAY I MAY LIVE THE REST OF MY DAYS IN KEEPING WITH YOUR CONFIDENCE. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME I HAVE SPOKEN TO AN ALL-MALE GRADUATING CLASS, AND + FIND LUMBUIT -2- THE EXPERIENCE MOST INTERESTING I WOULD GUESS THAT THE LACK OF FEMININE DISTRACTION ON CAMPUS HAS SOMETHING TO DO WITH ST. MICHAEL'S REPUTATION FOR SCHOLASTIC EXCELLENCE. I HAVE A SON IN COLLEGE, AND I FIND THAT WHEN HE SOMETIMES LOOKS TIRED AND PEAKED HE IS JUST SUFFERING FROM A CO-ED IN THE HEAD. I SENSE AN INDEPENDENCE OF SPIRIT AT ST. MICHAEL'S. THIS REMINDS ME THAT ALTHOUGH MASSACHUSETTS ANNEXED MAINE IN 1652 / AND IT TOOK A BRITISH ROYAL COMMISSION TO SEPARATE NEW HAMPSHIRE FROM MASSACHUSETTS IN 1680 VERMONTERS MANAGED TO FIGHT OFF TERRITORIAL CLAIMS BY BOTH NEW YORK AND NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE MIDDLE 1700's. A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS GOT TOGETHER TO FIGHT THE BRITISH BUT THE TRUTH IS THEY FIRST COMBINED FORCES TO PROTECT -3- VERMONT FROM THE COLONY OF NEW YORK. BUT I DID NOT COME TO VERMONT TO TELL YOU ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THIS PROUD STATE. THE POINT I MAKE IS THAT AMERICA TODAY DESPERATELY NEEDS THE KIND OF PIONEER VERMONT SPIRIT AND THE RUGGED COURAGE THAT TRIUMPED OVER THE BRITISH AND LAND-GRABBING COLONIAL NEIGHBORS AS WELL. AMERICA NEEDS, TOO, THE KIND OF MORAL COURAGE AND DEVOTION TO HUMAN RIGHTS THAT PROMPTED VERMONT TO BECOME THE FIRST STATE TO END SLAVERY AND TO ENACT UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE WITHOUT PROPERTY QUALIFICATIONS. I AM FOND OF READING EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY BECAUSE I BELIEVE IT TELLS US MUCH THAT IS INSTRUCTIVE TODAY. WE CAN LEARN MUCH FROM IT -- FROM THE SUFFERING THE EARLY AMERICAN SETTLERS ENDURED, FROM THEIR INCREDIBLE STRUGGLES SIMPLY TO SURVIVE AND TO WORSHIP GOD AS FREE MEN. BERAL IBRARY -4- THOSE WERE INCREDIBLE TIMES. BUT SO TOO IS THE ERA IN WHICH WE ARE LIVING. AMERICANS ARE LIVING IN AN AGE WHICH IS IN ITSELF A FANTASTIC PARADOX. IT IS THE MOST ADVANCED OF ERAS, BOTH TECHNOLOGICALLY AND IN TERMS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS, AND YET IT IS STAINED BY UNRESTRAINED SAVAGERY. / WIDESPREAD VIOLENCE,/ OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND REVOLTING LICENTIOUSNESS. IT IS AN AGE WHICH HAS PRODUCED MARVELS IN MEDICINE AND IN SPACE EXPLORATION -- AND ALSO FIENDISH WAR MACHINES CAPABLE OF DESTROYING ALL OF MANKIND. IF I MAY DEPART FROM THE SERIOUS FOR JUST A MOMENT, PERHAPS IT IS SMALL WONDER THAT MANY AMERICANS ARE UNHAPPY WITH OUR SYSTEM TODAY. AFTER ALL, WHEN THE FIRST SETTLERS CAME TO THIS COUNTRY THERE WAS NO NATIONAL DEBT AND THERE WERE NO TAXES. THE INDIANS WERE RUNNING THE COUNTRY, -5- AND THEY MADE THE WOMEN DO ALL THE WORK. HOW COULD ANYONE IMPROVE ON A SYSTEM LIKE THAT? However, FEW OF US WOULD WANT TO GO BACK TO LIVING AS THE PIONEERS DID, CLEARING THE LAND TO GROW A FEW CROPS AND SHOOTING GAME TO PUT SOME MEAT ON THE TABLE. YET THE TRUTH IS EVIDENT THAT MAN IS TOUGHENED BY SEVERE HARDSHIP AND HIS CHARACTER ANNEALED TO THE STRENGTH OF STEEL IN THE FIRES OF ADVERSITY. TODAY MANY OF US FIND LIFE TOO EASY. THE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN OF TODAY HAVE BEEN SPARED MUCH OF THE HARDSHIP AND Disager in ADVERSITY OF THE PAST. FOR INSTANCE, THEY disagned you may desagner AND 2 your with KNOW NOTHING OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION BUT WHAT THEY HAVE READ IN HISTORY BOOKS. IT IS INCONCEIVABLE TO THEM THAT A WHOLE GENERATION OF AMERICANS COULD HAVE GRUBBED AROUND FOR SCRAPS OF FOOD / OR WAITED IN LINE -6- AT SOUP KITCHENS AND RELIEF WAREHOUSES. I WORKED PART-TIME IN HIGH SCHOOL, AND I WORKED MY WAY THROUGH THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND YALE LAW SCHOOL. I AM NOT COMPLAINING, AND I AM NOT PREACHING. I AM SIMPLY TRYING TO UNDERSTAND TODAY'S YOUNG PEOPLE. AND TO DO THAT I HAVE TO LOOK AT THE WORLD THEY LIVE IN AND ASK MYSELF HOW IT IS DIFFERENT FROM MINE. THIS IS THE AGE OF AFFLUENCE. OUR UNDERSTANDABLY PEOPLE PEOPLE APPALLED AT POVERTY IN THE MIDST OF PLENTY. IN MY YOUTH EVEN MEN WITH 1/77 it GREAT TALENT AND ABILITY WERE OUT OF WORK AND ONE OF THE POPULAR SONGS OF THE TIME support WAS "BROTHER, CAN YOU SPARE A DIME. II UNTIL VIETNAM, THE YOUNG MAN AND WOMAN OF TODAY KNEW NOTHING OF WAR. MANY OF THEM OBVIOUSLY AGREE WITH BENJAMIN FORD FRANKLIN WHEN HE SAID, "THERE NEVER WAS A LIBRARY GOOD WAR OR A BAD PEACE." -7- MY GENERATION FOR FOUR YEARS FOUGHT THE FIRST TRULY GLOBAL WAR IN HISTORY TO CLEANSE THE WORLD OF NAZIISM AND FASCISM - - AND SAW AMERICA PREVENT A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER IN SOUTH KOREA. TODAY'S PACIFISTS WRAP THEMSELVES IN ROBES OF SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS. DO THEY THINK THEY ARE ALONE IN HATING WAR? ANYONE WHO LOVES WAR IS INSANE. IT WAS A GREAT MILITARY MAN, GEN. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN, WHO SAID: "YOU CANNOT QUALIFY WAR IN HARSHER TERMS THAN I WILL. WAR IS CRUELTY, AND YOU CANNOT REFINE IT. WAR IS HELL. BUT GEN. SHERMAN ALSO SAID -- AND THIS IS IMPORTANT -- "THE LEGITIMATE OBJECT OF WAR IS A MORE PERFECT PEACE II IS NOTHING WORTH FIGHTING FOR?? ? SOME YOUNG PEOPLE SNEER AT PATRIOTISM AND WHAT MEN LIKE ME CALL -8- AMERICANISM. I WOULD LIKE TO SEE ALL OF OUR CITIZENS REDEDICATE THEMSELVES TO THE AMERICANISM DESCRIBED BY PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT WHEN HE SAID: "AMERICANISM MEANS THE VIRTUES OF COURAGE, HONOR, JUSTICE TRUTH SINCERITY AND HARDIHOOD -- THE VIRTUES THAT MADE AMERICA. AMERICANS OF MY GENERATION LOOK AT YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WHO WAVE THE VIET CONG FLAG I THROW FIRE BOMBS I ASSAULT DEANS AND FACULTY MEMBERS IN OUR SCHOOLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. I COMMIT PUBLIC FORNICATION, I AND SHOUT AND WRITE OBSCENITIES AND WE ASK OURSELVES: WHAT DO THEY WANT? WHO ARE THEY? WHAT HAS AMERICA SPAWNED? AND WHY ? ? THESE YOUNG PEOPLE SCREAM THAT AMERICA IS RACIST, / CAPITALISTIC /AND IMPERIALISTIC AND THE SYSTEM MUST BE TORN DOWN THERE ARE ANSWERS FOR THESE CHARGES, -9- BUT HOW DO YOU REPLY WHEN RADICAL LEADERS SHOUT YOU DOWN OR ROUGH YOU UP AND MOUTH MEANINGLESS PHRASES BORROWED FROM MARXIST- LENINIST AND MAOIST WRITINGS ? WE HAVE GREAT NEED FOR A DIALOGUE IN THIS COUNTRY -- A QUIET REASONED DIALOGUE DEALING WITH THE VIETNAM WAR, INJUSTICE TO NEGROES, CORRUPTION, MATERIALISM AND THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE OF LIFE. THIS KIND OF DIALOGUE GOES TO THE BASIC PURPOSES OF A UNIVERSITY -- A PLACE WHERE FACULTY AND STUDENTS ENGAGE IN AN UNFETTERED SEARCH FOR TRUTH AND NEW ANSWERS TO DEPRESSING PROBLEMS. BUT HOW CAN YOU HAVE A DIALOGUE WHEN RADICAL LEADERS LAUNCH VIOLENT ATTACKS UPON THE UNIVERSITY ITSELF WITH THE AVOWED OBJECTIVE OF DESTROYING WHAT THEY CALL "THE ESTABLISHMENT?" FORD LIBRARY WHAT IS "THE ESTABLISHMENT?" THE -10- ESTABLISHMENT IS YOU AND ME AND EVERYTHING THAT HAS GONE INTO THE BUILDING OF AMERICA. IT IS OUR DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. IMPERFECT AS IT IS, I BELIEVE IT IS THE BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT EVER DEVISED. Churchill I AM FULLY AWARE THAT THERE IS A LACK OF ADEQUATE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE OVER-30 GENERATION TODAY -- A LACK OF SUFFICIENT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN STUDENTS AND FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATION EVEN AT PEACEFUL COLLEGES SUCH AS ST. MICHAEL'S. COMMUNICATION WE NEED -- AND NEED DESPERATELY. BUT VIOLENCE IS NOT THE ANSWER. SHUTTING DOWN OUR GREAT UNIVERSITIES IS NOT THE ANSWER. BLACK SEPARATISM IS NOT THE ANSWER. DESTROYING COLLEGE ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS SO THAT OUR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES BECOME REMEDIAL INSTITUTIONS IS NOT THE ANSWER. WE DON'T SOLVE PROBLEMS BY RUNNING -11- AWAY FROM THEM OR ABANDONING OUR VALUES OR DEGRADING OURSELVES WITH COMPLETELY UNINHIBITED LIFE STYLES. THE PROBLEMS TODAY ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME FOR ALL AMERICANS. THEY ARE NOT EASY PROBLEMS AND THERE ARE NO EASY SOLUTIONS. VIETNAM. A TRAGIC WAR. I DON'T BELIEVE IT PROVED THAT AMERICA WAS WRONG IN SEEKING TO THWART COMMUNIST AGGRESSION. I BELIEVE IT DID PROVE THAT OUR FOREIGN POLICY IN RELATION TO COMMUNIST EXPANSIONIST PROBES SHOULD BE ONE OF SELECTIVE INVOLVEMENT AND OF CAREFULLY REASONED JUDGMENT AS TO WHETHER POSSIBLY MINIMAL RESULTS WOULD JUSTIFY THE INVESTMENT in camathes + dollars. I ALSO BELIEVE THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME IN FOUR YEARS THERE IS REAL HOPE FOR PEACE IN VIETNAM. FORD is LIBRARY 938830 RACISM. IT IS NOW A TWO-EDGED -12- SWORD. GUILT FEELINGS SERVE NO USEFUL PURPOSE. WE HAVE MADE SUBSTANTIAL PROGRESS. THE ONLY ULTIMATE ANSWER IS TO MAKE A LIVING TRUTH OF THE WORDS THAT MAKE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE A GLOWING TESTIMONIAL TO MAN'S ASPIRATIONS: "WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL, THAT THEY ARE ENDOWED BY THEIR CREATOR WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS, THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. 11 THE FRAMERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WERE NOT TALKING ABOUT BLACK MEN. SLAVERY WAS PRACTICED IN THE UNITED STATES AT THE TIME. BUT WE MUST APPLY THEIR WORDS IN THE CONTEXT OF TODAY'S WORLD AND CLOTHE THEM WITH THE TRUTH THAT ALL MEN ARE EQUAL IN THE EYES OF GOD. HAVE YOU EVER CONSIDERED HOW OFTEN THE DRAFTERS OF THE DECLARATION OF -13- INDEPENDENCE REFERRED TO THE DEITY? THEY BEGAN BY STATING: "WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS, IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BONDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER, AND TO ASSUME AMONG THE POWERS OF THE EARTH THE SEPARATE AND EQUAL STATION TO WHICH THE LAWS OF NATURE AND OF NATURE'S GOD ENTITLE THEM, A DECENT RESPECT TO THE OPINIONS OF MANKIND REQUIRES THAT THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THEM TO THE SEPARATION." AND AFTER ASCRIBING TO THE CREATOR THE ENDOWING OF MEN WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS, THE DRAFTERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE CONCLUDED THEIR STATEMENT OF THE CAUSES OF SEPARATION FROM ENGLAND BY PROCLAIMING "A FIRM RELIANCE ON THE PROTECTION OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE." IN EVERY AGE, IN EVERY TIME AND IN EVERY CLIME THERE ARE DOOMSDAY SAYERS WHO -14- RUN ABOUT PREDICTING THE END OF THE WORLD. MOST PEOPLE JUST SMILE TOLERANTLY, SHAKE THEIR HEADS A BIT AND SAY TO THEMSELVES, "POOR FELLOW.' ONE OF THE RECENT POPULAR SONG HITS IS A CALYPSO TUNE ABOUT CALIFORNIA SLIDING INTO THE SEA. I THINK IT HAS A DEEPER MEANING. MANY MEMBERS OF THE OLDER GENERATION TODAY ARE COMPARING THE ABANDONMENT OF INHIBITIONS / THE EXCESSIVE EMPHASIS ON SEX / AND THE GENERAL DECLINE IN MORALS IN THE UNITED STATES TO THE BIBLICAL STORIES ABOUT SODOM AND GOMORRAH AND TO THE FALL OF ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME. I CAN UNDERSTAND SUCH FEELINGS. VALUES CHANGE, YES, BUT CERTAIN TRUTHS ARE IMMUTABLE. AND WE LIVE TODAY IN AN FORD AGE WHEN THE NEW BARBARIANS SEEK TO DESTROY TRUTH, AND THE PORNOGRAPHY PEDDLERS ARE -15- EVERLASTINGLY ENGAGED IN PURSUIT OF THE FAST BUCK. THERE ARE TRUTHS THAT ARE NOT DEBATABLE -- THE TRUTHS THAT ARE LAID DOWN IN THE TEN COMMANDMENTS -- THE TRUTHS THAT GIVE RISE TO CODES OF ETHICS AMONG CIVILIZED PEOPLES -- THE TRUTHS THAT CAUSE MEN TO SPEAK OF INTEGRITY, HONOR AND VIRTUE. WHEN MEN ABANDON THESE TRUTHS, THEY LOSE ALL SENSE OF VALUE. THEY LIVE A LIFE IN DEATH. THEIR LIVES ARE A WASTE AND THEY CARRY HELL AROUND WITH THEM IN THEIR HEARTS. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS SAID: "THREE THINGS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE SALVATION OF MAN. TO KNOW WHAT HE OUGHT TO BELIEVE; TO KNOW WHAT HE OUGHT TO DESIRE; AND TO KNOW WHAT HE OUGHT TO 00.4 TODAY AMERICA IS SHAKEN BY DOUBTS ABOUT THE MEANING OF EDUCATION, ABOUT THE IDEALS OF THE COLLEGE GENERATION, AND INDEED -16- ABOUT THE STABILITY OF AMERICAN SOCIETY. COLLEGE STUDENTS, ADULTS OVER 30, ALL OF US WHO STILL ENGAGE IN THE USE OF REASON SHOULD LOOK AT OUR LIVES AND AT AMERICA AS A NATION AND ASK: WHAT ARE WE? WHERE ARE WE GOING? WHERE DO WE WANT TO GO? AND WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO GET THERE? WE ARE LIVING IN THE MIDST OF REVOLUTION IN AMERICA TODAY -- NOT ONE REVOLUTION BUT MANY. AT THE CENTER OF ONE OF OUR POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS IS THE STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY, THE CORE OF THE NEW LEFT MOVEMENT. LEADERS OF STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY HAVE CONCLUDED -- IN THE WORDS OF ONE OF THEM -- THAT THE "SEEMINGLY SEPARATE PROBLEMS OF RACISM, URBAN POVERTY, AUTHORITARIANISM IN THE ACADEMIES AND THE VIETNAM WAR ARE ALL THE OFFSPRING OF A SINGLE PARENT CAPITALISM." SIMPLE, ISN'T IT? -17- DESTROY CAPITALISM AND YOU WILL SOLVE ALL OF AMERICA'S PROBLEMS, SDS LEADERS SEEM TO BE SAYING. THEY MIGHT MORE APTLY CALL THEMSELVES STUDENTS FOR A DEMOLISHED SOCIETY. THIS NATION DOESN'T NEED A NEW REVOLUTION. IT NEEDS TO BUILD ON THE OLD ONE THE REVOLUTION IN WHICH THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS FOUGHT SO VALIANTLY. WE NEED A RETURN TO MORAL VALUES. THIS SHOULD BE OUR REVOLUTION. THIS SHOULD BE OUR ANSWER TO THE CRUSHING MATERIALISM THAT IS ROBBING OUR LIVES OF MEANING. CONSIDER WHAT GOOD THE RADICAL STUDENT LEADERS COULD ACCOMPLISH IF THEY WOULD MOBILIZE MODERATE STUDENTS INTO AN ARMY TO CLEAN UP AND REPAIR SLUM DWELLINGS INSTEAD OF EXHORTING THEM TO AN ASSAULT UPON THE CITADEL OF REASON ITSELF: THE UNIVERSITY. AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS TODAY ARE AMONG THE MOST PRIVILEGED AND FORTUNATE GERALD LIBRARY -18- INDIVIDUALS IN THE WORLD, WHATEVER THEIR COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE RELEVANCE OF CURRENT CURRICULA. AND HERE AT ST. MICHAEL'S YOU ARE DOUBLY BLESSED BECAUSE YOU HAVE RECEIVED A COLLEGE EDUCATION ROOTED IN MORAL VALUES AND THE STEADFAST BELIEF THAT MAN IS ONLY A LITTLE LOWER THAN THE ANGELS. I CONGRATULATE YOU, FOR YOU ARE NOW PREPARED TO LIVE A LIFE WHICH RECOGNIZES THAT LOVE OF FAMILY IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE, THAT MARITAL FIDELITY IS A NECESSARY FOUNDATION FOR HAPPINESS, AND THAT NOTHING IS MORE PRECIOUS THAN THE INTEGRITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL. THESE ARE SOME OF THE TRUTHS THAT AMERICA HAS LOST IN THE WHIRL OF THIS ATOMIC AGE THE FEAR OF IMMINENT NUCLEAR ANNIHILATION THE PURSUIT OF HEDONISTIC PLEASURE / AND THE THROWING OFF OF REASON AND RESTRAINT. LIBRARY -19- I DO NOT BELIEVE AMERICA IS DOOMED. AS I LOOK AT THIS GRADUATING CLASS, I SEE THE BIRTH OF A NEW MORALITY IN THIS COUNTRY -- NOT IN THE NARROW SENSE BUT IN TERMS OF NEW STRENGTH OF CHARACTER BOTH IN AMERICANS AS INDIVIDUALS AND IN THE UNITED STATES AS A NATION. THERE IS SUCH AN ENTITY AS NATIONAL CHARACTER. IT IS A COMPOSITE OF ALL THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE INDIVIDUALS WHO MAKE UP A NATION. Beauty of Josephs wat was to many chom. I FEEL YOU ARE STRONG MEN, AND THERE ARE MANY MORE AMERICANS LIKE YOU THROUGHOUT THIS GREAT LAND OF OURS. AND SO I DO NOT DESPAIR I BELIEVE THAT YOU AND OTHERS LIKE YOU WILL GO OUT INTO THE COMMUNITIES AND BUILD ON THE OLD REVOLUTION -- MAKE OF AMERICA A NATION WHICH UNMISTAKABLY STANDS FOR JUSTICE AND DECENCY AND REASON, FOR EQUALITY -20- AND OPPORTUNITY AND HOPE. I BELIEVE YOU AGREE, AS I DO, WITH PLUTARCH WHEN HE COUNSELED THAT "PERSEVERANCE IS MORE PREVAILING THAN VIOLENCE; AND MANY THINGS WHICH CANNOT BE OVERCOME WHEN THEY ARE TOGETHER, YIELD THEMSELVES UP WHEN TAKEN LITTLE BY LITTLE." SO LET US, EACH ONE OF US, LIGHT A CANDLE INSTEAD OF CURSING THE DARKNESS -- SO THAT TOGETHER WE WILL MAKE A GREAT LIGHT WHICH SHALL ILLUMINE THE WORLD_FOR OURSELVES AND FOR ALL MEN. -- END -- GERALD R. LISBARY FORD Distribution: 20 copies Mw. Ford M affice Copy AN ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD REPUBLICAN LEADER, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AT ST. MICHAEL'S COLLEGE, WINOOSKI, VERMONT AT 3 P.M. SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1969 FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY Most reverend clergy, faculty members, honored guests, parents and graduating seniors of this outstanding institution of learning: I am delighted to be with you here in the exhilerating atmosphere of the Green Mountain state and one of Vermont's finest colleges. I am most grateful for the honor you have bestowed on me. I hope I am deserving of it. And I pray I may live the rest of my days in keeping with your confidence. This is the first time I have spoken to an all-male graduating class and I find the experience most interesting. I would guess that the lack of feminine distraction on campus has something to do with St. Michael's reputation for scholastic excellence. I have a son in college, and I find that when he sometimes looks tired and peaked he is just suffering from a co-ed in the head. I sense an independence of spirit at St. Michael's. This reminds me that although Massachusetts annexed Maine in 1652 and it took a British Royal Commission to separate New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1680, Vermonters managed to fight off territorial claims by both New York and New Hampshire in the middle 1700s. A lot of people think the Green Mountain Boys got together to fight the British but the truth is they first combined forces to protect Vermont from the colony of New York. But I did not come to Vermont to tell you about the history of this proud state. The point I make is that America today desperately needs the kind of pioneer Vermont spirit and the rugged courage that triumped over the British and land-grabbing colonial neighbors as well. America needs, too, the kind of moral courage and devotion to human rights that prompted Vermont to become the first state to end slavery and to enact universal male suffrage without property qualifications. I am fond of reading early American history because I believe it tells us much that is instructive today. We can learn much from it -- from the suffering the early American settlers endured, from their incredible struggles simply to survive and to worship God as free mên. (more) GERALD FORD JBRARY -2- Those were incredible times. But so too is the era in which we are living. Americans are living in an age which is in itself a fantastic paradox. It is the most advanced of eras, both technologically and in terms of social progress, and yet it is stained by unrestrained savagery, widespread violence, official corruption and revolting licentiousness. It is an age which has produced marvels in medicine and in space exploration -- and also fiendish war machines capable of destroying all of mankind. If I may depart from the serious for just a moment, perhaps it is small wonder that many Americans are unhappy with out system today. After all, when the first settlers came to this country there was no national debt and there were no taxes. The Indians were running the country, and they made the women do all the work. How could anyone improve on a system like that? Few of us would want to go back to living as the pioneers did, clearing the land to grow a few crops and shooting game to put some meat on the table. Yet the truth is evident that man is toughened by severe hardship and his character annealed to the strength of steel in the fires of adversity. Today many of us find life too easy. The young men and women of today have been spared much of the hardship and adversity of the past. For instance, they know nothing of the Great Depression but what they have read in history books. It is inconceivable to them that a whole generation of Americans could have grubbed around for scraps of food or waited in line at soup kitchens and relief warehouses. I worked part-time in high school, and I worked my way through the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. I am not complaining, and I am not preaching. I am simply trying to understand today's young people. And to do that I have to look at the world they live in and ask myself how it is different from mine. This is the age of affluence. People are appalled at poverty in the midst of plenty. In my youth even men with great talent and ability were out of work, and one of the popular songs of the time was "Brother, Can You Spare A Dime.' Until Vietnam, the young man and woman of today knew nothing of war. Many of them obviously agree with Benjamin Franklin when he said, "There never was a good war or a bad peace." My generation for four years fought the first truly global war in history to cleanse the world of Naziism and fascism and saw America prevent a Communist takeover in South Korea. (more) -3- Today's pacifists wrap themselves in robes of self-righteousness. Do they think they are alone in hating war? Anyone who loves war is insane. It was a great military man, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, who said: "You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it. War is hell." But Gen. Sherman also said -- and this is important -- "The legitimate object of war is a more perfect peace." Is nothing worth fighting for? Some young people sneer at patriotism and what men like me call Americanism. I would like to see all of our citizens rededicate themselves to the Americanism described by President Theodore Roosevelt when he said: "Americanism means the virtues of courage, honor, justice, truth, sincerity and hardihood -- the virtues that made America." Americans of my generation look at young men and women who wave the Viet Cong flag, throw fire bombs, assault deans and faculty members in our schools of higher education, commit public fornication, and shout and write obscenities and we ask ourselves: What do they want? Who are they? What has America spawned? And why? These young people scream that America is racist, capitalistic and imperialistic and the system must be torn down. There are answers for these charges, but how do you reply when radical leaders shout you down or rough you up and mouth meaningless phrases borrowed from Marxist-Leninist and Maoist writings? We have great need for a dialogue in this country -- a quiet reasoned dialogue dealing with the Vietnam War, injustice to Negroes, corruption, materialism and the ultimate purpose of life. This kind of dialogue goes to the basic purposes of a university -- a place where faculty and students engage in an unfettered search for truth and new answers to depressing problems. But how can you have a dialogue when radical leaders launch violent attacks upon the university itself with the avowed objective of destroying what they call "The Establishment?" What is "The Establishment?" The Establishment is you and me and every- thing that has gone into the building of America. It is our democratic system of government. Imperfect as it is, I believe it is the best form of government ever devised. (more) -4- I am fully aware that there is a lack of adequate communication between young people and the over-30 generation today -- a lack of sufficient communi- cation between students and faculty and administration even at peaceful colleges such as St. Michael's. Communication we need and need desperately. But violence is not the answer. Shutting down our great universities is not the answer. Black separatism is not the answer. Destroying college admission requirements so that our colleges and universities become remedial institutions is not the answer. We don't solve problems by running away from them or abandoning our values or degrading ourselves with completely uninhibited life styles. The problems today are essentially the same for all Americans. They are not easy problems and there are no easy solutions. Vietnam. A tragic war. I don't believe it proved that America was wrong in seeking to thwart Communist aggression. I believe it did prove that our foreign policy in relation to Communist expansionist probes should be one of selective involvement and of carefully reasoned judgment as to whether possibly minimal results would justify the investment. I also believe that for the first time in four years there is real hope for peace in Vietnam. Racism. It is now a two-edged sword. Guilt feelings serve no useful purpose. We have made substantial progress. The only ultimate answer is to make a living truth of the words that make the Declaration of Independence a glowing testimonial to man's aspirations: "We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." The framers of the Declaration of Independence were not talking about black men. Slavery was practiced in the United States at the time. But we must apply their words in the context of today's world and clothe them with the truth that all men are equal in the eyes of God. Have you ever considered how often the drafters of the Declaration of Independence referred to the Deity? They began by stating: "When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and (more) -5- equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." And after ascribing to the Creator the endowing of men with certain unalienable Rights, the drafters of the Declaration of Independence concluded their statement of the causes of separation from England by proclaiming "a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence." In every age, in every time and in every clime there are doomsday sayers who run about predicting the end of the world. Most people just smile tolerantly, shake their heads a bit and say to themselves, "Poor fellow.' One of the recent popular song hits is a calypso tune about California sliding into the sea. I think it has a deeper meaning. Many members of the older generation today are comparing the abandonment of inhibitions, the excessive emphasis on sex and the general decline in morals in the United States to the biblical stories about Sodom and Gomorrah and to the fall of ancient Greece and Rome. I can understand such feelings. Values change, yes, but certain truths are immutable. And we live today in an age when the New Barbarians seek to destroy truth, and the pornography peddlers are everlastingly engaged in pursuit of the fast buck. There are truths that are not debatable -- the truths that are laid down in the Ten Commandments -- the truths that give rise to codes of ethics among civilized peoples -- the truths that cause men to speak of integrity, honor, and virtue. When men abandon these truths, they lose all sense of value. They live a life in death. Their lives are a waste, and they carry hell around with them in their hearts. St. Thomas Aquinas said: "Three things are necessary for the salvation of man: To know what he ought to believe; to know what he ought to desire; and to know what he ought to do." Today America is shaken by doubts about the meaning of education, about the ideals of the college generation, and indeed about the stability of American society. College students, adults over 30, all of us who still engage in the use of reason should look at our lives and at America as a nation and ask: (more) -6- What are we? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? And what is the best way to get there? We are living in the midst of revolution in America today -- not one revolution but many. At the center of one of our political revolutions is the Students for a Democratic Society, the core of the New Left Movement. Leaders of Students for a Democratic Society have concluded -- in the words of one of them -- that the "seemingly separate problems of racism, urban poverty, authoritarianism in the academies and the Vietnam War are all the offspring of a single parent capitalism." Simple, isn't it? Destroy capitalism and you will solve all of America's problems, SDS leaders seem to be saying. They might more aptly call themselves Students for a Demolished Society. This Nation doesn't need a new revolution. It needs to build on the old one, the revolution in which the Green Mountain Boys fought so valiantly. We need a return to moral values. This should be our revolution. This should be our answer to the crushing materialism that is robbing our lives of meaning. Consider what good the radical student leaders could accomplish if they would mobilize moderate students into an army to clean up and repair slum dwellings instead of exhorting them to an assault upon the citadel of reason itself: the university. American college students today are among the most privileged and fortunate individuals in the world, whatever their complaints about the relevance of current curricula. And here at St. Michael's you are doubly blessed because you have received a college education rooted in moral values and the steadfast belief that man is only a little lower than the angels. I congratulate you, for you are now prepared to live a life which recognizes that love of family is of paramount importance, that marital fidelity is a necessary foundation for happiness, and that nothing is more precious than the integrity of the individual. These are some of the truths that America has lost in the whirl of this atomic age, the fear of imminent nuclear annihilation, the pursuit of hedonistic pleasure and the throwing off of reason and restraint. I do not believe America is doomed. As I look at this graduating class, I see the birth of a New Morality in this country -- not in the narrow sense but in terms of new strength of character both in Americans as individuals and in (more) -7- the United States as a Nation. There is such an entity as National Character. It is a composite of all the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals who make up a Nation. I feel you are strong men, and there are many more Americans like you throughout this great land of ours. And so I do not despair. I believe that you and others like you will go out into the communities and build on the old revolution -- make of America a nation which unmistakably stands for justice and decency and reason, for equality and opportunity and hope. I believe you agree, as I do, with Plutarch when he counseled that "perseverance is more prevailing than violence; and many things which cannot be overcome when they are together, yield themselves up when taken little by little." So let us, each one of us, light a candle instead of cursing the darkness -- so that together we will make a great light which shall illumine the world for ourselves and for all men. # # # O Office Copy AN ADDRESS BY REP. GERALD R. FORD REPUBLICAN LEADER, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AT ST. MICHAEL'S COLLEGE, WINOOSKI, VERMONT AT 3 P.M. SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1969 FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY Most reverend clergy, faculty members, honored guests, parents and graduating seniors of this outstanding institution of learning: I am delighted to be with you here in the exhilerating atmosphere of the Green Mountain state and one of Vermont's finest colleges. I am most grateful for the honor you have bestowed on me. I hope I am deserving of it. And I pray I may live the rest of my days in keeping with your confidence. This is the first time I have spoken to an all-male graduating class and I find the experience most interesting. I would guess that the lack of feminine distraction on campus has something to do with St. Michael's reputation for scholastic excellence. I have a son in college, and I find that when he sometimes looks tired and peaked he is just suffering from a co-ed in the head. I sense an independence of spirit at St. Michael's. This reminds me that although Massachusetts annexed Maine in 1652 and it took a British Royal Commission to separate New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1680, Vermonters managed to fight off territorial claims by both New York and New Hampshire in the middle 1700s. A lot of people think the Green Mountain Boys got together to fight the British but the truth is they first combined forces to protect Vermont from the colony of New York. But I did not come to Vermont to tell you about the history of this proud state. The point I make is that America today desperately needs the kind of pioneer Vermont spirit and the rugged courage that triumped over the British and land-grabbing colonial neighbors as well. America needs, too, the kind of moral courage and devotion to human rights that prompted Vermont to become the first state to end slavery and to enact universal male suffrage without property qualifications. I am fond of reading early American history because I believe it tells us much that is instructive today. We can learn much from it -- from the suffering the early American settlers endured, from their incredible struggles simply to survive and to worship God as free men. (more) -2- Those were incredible times. But so too is the era in which we are living. Americans are living in an age which is in itself a fantastic paradox. It is the most advanced of eras, both technologically and in terms of social progress, and yet it is stained by unrestrained savagery, widespread violence, official corruption and revolting licentiousness. It is an age which has produced marvels in medicine and in space exploration -- and also fiendish war machines capable of destroying all of mankind. If I may depart from the serious for just a moment, perhaps it is small wonder that many Americans are unhappy with out system today. After all, when the first settlers came to this country there was no national debt and there were no taxes. The Indians were running the country, and they made the women do all the work. How could anyone improve on a system like that? Few of us would want to go back to living as the pioneers did, clearing the land to grow a few crops and shooting game to put some meat on the table. Yet the truth is evident that man is toughened by severe hardship and his character annealed to the strength of steel in the fires of adversity. Today many of us find life too easy. The young men and women of today have been spared much of the hardship and adversity of the past. For instance, they know nothing of the Great Depression but what they have read in history books. It is inconceivable to them that a whole generation of Americans could have grubbed around for scraps of food or waited in line at soup kitchens and relief warehouses. I worked part-time in high school, and I worked my way through the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. I am not complaining, and I am not preaching. I am simply trying to understand today's young people. And to do that I have to look at the world they live in and ask myself how it is different from mine. This is the age of affluence. People are appalled at poverty in the midst of plenty. In my youth even men with great talent and ability were out of work, and one of the popular songs of the time was "Brother, Can You Spare A Dime." Until Vietnam, the young man and woman of today knew nothing of war. Many of them obviously agree with Benjamin Franklin when he said, "There never was a good war or a bad peace." My generation for four years fought the first truly global war in history to cleanse the world of Naziism and fascism and saw America prevent a Communist takeover in South Korea. (more) -3- Today's pacifists wrap themselves in robes of self-righteousness. Do they think they are alone in hating war? Anyone who loves war is insane. It was a great military man, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, who said: "You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it. War is hell." But Gen. Sherman also said -- and this is important -- "The legitimate object of war is a more perfect peace." Is nothing worth fighting for? Some young people sneer at patriotism and what men like me call Americanism. I would like to see all of our citizens rededicate themselves to the Americanism described by President Theodore Roosevelt when he said: "Americanism means the virtues of courage, honor, justice, truth, sincerity and hardihood -- the virtues that made America." Americans of my generation look at young men and women who wave the Viet Cong flag, throw fire bombs, assault deans and faculty members in our schools of higher education, commit public fornication, and shout and write obscenities and we ask ourselves: What do they want? Who are they? What has America spawned? And why? These young people scream that America is racist, capitalistic and imperialistic and the system must be torn down. There are answers for these charges, but how do you reply when radical leaders shout you down or rough you up and mouth meaningless phrases borrowed from Marxist-Leninist and Maoist writings? We have great need for a dialogue in this country -- a quiet reasoned dialogue dealing with the Vietnam War, injustice to Negroes, corruption, materialism and the ultimate purpose of life. This kind of dialogue goes to the basic purposes of a university -- a place where faculty and students engage in an unfettered search for truth and new answers to depressing problems. But how can you have a dialogue when radical leaders launch violent attacks upon the university itself with the avowed objective of destroying what they call "The Establishment?" What is "The Establishment?" The Establishment is you and me and every- thing that has gone into the building of America. It is our democratic system of government. Imperfect as it is, I believe it is the best form of government ever devised. (more) -4- I am fully aware that there is a lack of adequate communication between young people and the over-30 generation today -- a lack of sufficient communi- cation between students and faculty and administration even at peaceful colleges such as St. Michael's. Communication we need -- and need desperately. But violence is not the answer. Shutting down our great universities is not the answer. Black separatism is not the answer. Destroying college admission requirements so that our colleges and universities become remedial institutions is not the answer. We don't solve problems by running away from them or abandoning our values or degrading ourselves with completely uninhibited life styles. The problems today are essentially the same for all Americans. They are not easy problems and there are no easy solutions. Vietnam. A tragic war. I don't believe it proved that America was wrong in seeking to thwart Communist aggression. I believe it did prove that our foreign policy in relation to Communist expansionist probes should be one of selective involvement and of carefully reasoned judgment as to whether possibly minimal results would justify the investment. I also believe that for the first time in four years there is real hope for peace in Vietnam. Racism. It is now a two-edged sword. Guilt feelings serve no useful purpose. We have made substantial progress. The only ultimate answer is to make a living truth of the words that make the Declaration of Independence a glowing testimonial to man's aspirations: "We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.' The framers of the Declaration of Independence were not talking about black men. Slavery was practiced in the United States at the time. But we must apply their words in the context of today's world and clothe them with the truth that all men are equal in the eyes of God. Have you ever considered how often the drafters of the Declaration of Independence referred to the Deity? They began by stating: "When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and (more) -5- equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.' And after ascribing to the Creator the endowing of men with certain unalienable Rights, the drafters of the Declaration of Independence concluded their statement of the causes of separation from England by proclaiming "a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence." In every age, in every time and in every clime there are doomsday sayers who run about predicting the end of the world. Most people just smile tolerantly, shake their heads a bit and say to themselves, "Poor fellow." One of the recent popular song hits is a calypso tune about California sliding into the sea. I think it has a deeper meaning. Many members of the older generation today are comparing the abandonment of inhibitions, the excessive emphasis on sex and the general decline in morals in the United States to the biblical stories about Sodom and Gomorrah and to the fall of ancient Greece and Rome. I can understand such feelings. Values change, yes, but certain truths are immutable. And we live today in an age when the New Barbarians seek to destroy truth, and the pornography peddlers are everlastingly engaged in pursuit of the fast buck. There are truths that are not debatable -- the truths that are laid down in the Ten Commandments -- the truths that give rise to codes of ethics among civilized peoples -- the truths that cause men to speak of integrity, honor, and virtue. When men abandon these truths, they lose all sense of value. They live a life in death. Their lives are a waste, and they carry hell around with them in their hearts. St. Thomas Aquinas said: "Three things are necessary for the salvation of man: To know what he ought to believe; to know what he ought to desire; and to know what he ought to do." Today America is shaken by doubts about the meaning of education, about the ideals of the college generation, and indeed about the stability of American society. College students, adults over 30, all of us who still engage in the use of reason should look at our lives and at America as a nation and ask: (more) -6- What are we? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? And what is the best way to get there? We are living in the midst of revolution in America today -- not one revolution but many. At the center of one of our political revolutions is the Students for a Democratic Society, the core of the New Left Movement. Leaders of Students for a Democratic Society have concluded -- in the words of one of them -- that the "seemingly separate problems of racism, urban poverty, authoritarianism in the academies and the Vietnam War are all the offspring of a single parent capitalism." Simple, isn't it? Destroy capitalism and you will solve all of America's problems, SDS leaders seem to be saying. They might more aptly call themselves Students for a Demolished Society. This Nation doesn't need a new revolution. It needs to build on the old one, the revolution in which the Green Mountain Boys fought so valiantly. We need a return to moral values. This should be our revolution. This should be our answer to the crushing materialism that is robbing our lives of meaning. Consider what good the radical student leaders could accomplish if they would mobilize moderate students into an army to clean up and repair slum dwellings instead of exhorting them to an assault upon the citadel of reason itself: the university. American college students today are among the most privileged and fortunate individuals in the world, whatever their complaints about the relevance of current curricula. And here at St. Michael's you are doubly blessed because you have received a college education rooted in moral values and the steadfast belief that man is only a little lower than the angels. I congratulate you, for you are now prepared to live a life which recognizes that love of family is of paramount importance, that marital fidelity is a necessary foundation for happiness, and that nothing is more precious than the integrity of the individual. These are some of the truths that America has lost in the whirl of this atomic age, the fear of imminent nuclear annihilation, the pursuit of hedonistic pleasure and the throwing off of reason and restraint. I do not believe America is doomed. As I look at this graduating class, I see the birth of a New Morality in this country -- not in the narrow sense but in terms of new strength of character both in Americans as individuals and in (more) -7- the United States as a Nation. There is such an entity as National Character. It is a composite of all the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals who make up a Nation. I feel you are strong men, and there are many more Americans like you throughout this great land of ours. And so I do not despair. I believe that you and others like you will go out into the communities and build on the old revolution -- make of America a nation which unmistakably stands for justice and decency and reason, for equality and opportunity and hope. I believe you agree, as I do, with Plutarch when he counseled that "perseverance is more prevailing than violence; and many things which cannot be overcome when they are together, yield themselves up when taken little by little." So let us, each one of us, light a candle instead of cursing the darkness -- so that together we will make a great light which shall illumine the world for ourselves and for all men. ###