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Community Development - Project CHAIM Brooklyn NY (1)
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Community Development - Project CHAIM Brooklyn NY (1)
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The original documents are located in Box 8, folder "Community Development - Project
CHAIM Brooklyn NY (1)" of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential
Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 8 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
PROPOSAL
Presented to the Director, Office of Economic Opportunity,
under Title VII-D, Special Impact Programs, Community Services
Act of 1974, for the
BROOKLYN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
04L3 R. FORD ETE
December 10, 1975
BROOKLYN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
PROJECT CHAIM :
Community
Help for
Area
Industry and
Management
FOR
A Special Impact Program
December 10,1975
Sponsor:
B'Nai Torah, Inc.,
1705 49th Street
Brooklyn, N. Y. 11204
CONTACT: Rabbi Leib Pinter
(212) 871-6000/736-5460
Summary Memorandum
Project CHAIM is a Special Impact Area program proposal under
the sponsorship of B'nai Torah, Incorporated, to serve the
poor Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish population which is so heavily
concentrated in western Brooklyn.
Because of strong requirements to affirmatively carry out their
obligations of parochial schooling, religious learning, char-
itable efforts and communal traditions, the great majority of
the observant Jewish people in the Special Impact Area of Pro-
ject CHAIM have been greatly pressed by the severe economic
decline of New York City in general and their areas of Brook-
lyn in particular. Virtually no social/economic recovery
programs have been developed to serve such needs, until this
time.
Because community-focussed living, working and learning are
essential to these poor Orthodox/Chassidic Jews, it follows
that programs for their assistance must be deeply rooted in
and related to these requirements. The proposed Brooklyn
Community Development Corporation intends, through Project
CHAIM (Community Help to Aid Industry and Management), to
explore and develop three specific local-area venture ve-
hicles:
1 - Food analog manufacturing, distribution and sales;
2 - Industrial realty development;
3 - Retail discount chain operation and management.
And, from these ventures, community needs would be met for
respectable commercial vehicles which would enhance capital
I I T
- 2 -
formation, provide steady, decent-paying employment, and over-
come the tide of urban decay in western Brooklyn.
The F.I.R. (Food, Industry, Retailing) Study is already in
a partially-developed stage. Extensive community support al-
ready exists from those who are intimately aware of the real-
ities of poverty in the Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish community
of western Brooklyn. Because of the sweep of economic depress-
ion which is facing our City and the S.I.A. of Project CHAIM,
a thorough and intensive planning year will be required. It
is expected that the attached proposal, in the budgeted
amount of $429,951, will meet this urgent responsibility.
-0-
APPENDIX C, Page 1
1, TYPE OF
APPLICATION
Form Approved
SUMMARY OF GRANT APPLICATION
OMB No. 116-R0199
X
NEW
CONTINUATION OF
(For Health Demonstration Programs under Section 222,
GRANT NO.
FOR DEO USE ONLY
Research and Pilot Programs under Section 232, and
2. NAME OF OEO PROJECT MANAGER
ORGANIZATION
DATE RECEIVED
Special Impact Programs under Section 151 of the
NO.
Economic Opportunity Act.)
Mr. Louis Ramirez
SECTION I.
APPLICANT INFORMATION
3. NAME OF APPLICANT AGENCY
4. ADDRESS (No. and street, rit), state and ZIP CODE)
875 Avenue of the Americas
B'nai Torah, Inc.
New York, N. Y. 10001
5. APPLICANT AGENCY PROGRAM MANAGER
6. TELEPHONE NO, OF PROGRAM MANAGER
Rabbi Leib Pinter
(212) 736-5460
7.
POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS IN WHICH OEO FUNDED ACTIVITIES WILL TAKE PLACE
A. COUNTIES
B. CITIES (Municipalities of 25,000 or more)
C. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS
Kings
New York City
14
&
13
B. TYPE OF AREA SERVED BY PROJECT
PROJECT NOT PROVIDING SERVICES TO RESIDENTS IN A DEFINED AREA
MULTISTATE
STATE
MULTICOUNTY
COUNTY
XX
LESS THAN COUNTY-WIDE
CITY
LESS THAN CITY-WIDE
TRUST TERRITORY
RESERVATION
OTHER (Identify)
9. TOTAL POPULATION IN AREA SERVED
CHECK HERE IF PROJECT DOES NOT PROVIDE SERVICES TO RESIDENTS OF A DEFINED AREA (Proceed to Item 10.)
URBAN (Muntripalities of 10,000 or more)
1,400,000
RURAL
(ONLY NEW GRANT APPLICANTS COMPLETE ITEMS 10 thru 13.)
10. TYPE OF AGENCY (Check more than one if applicable)
X
LIMITED PURPOSE AGENCY (Applicant not recoge
INDIAN
MIGRANT
COMMUNITY ACTION AGENCY
nized as a Community Action Agency.)
STATE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY OFFICE
TRUST TERRITORY
11. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICES EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO. (Assigned by IRS Form SS-4)
11-2314459
12. APPLICANT TYPE
13. APPLICANT FUNCTION (Check most applicable item(s))
X
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
XX
ELEMENTARY/SECONDARY SCHOOL
COOPERATIVE
PROFIT
CITY GOVERNMENT
Xx
INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
X
NONPROFIT
COUNTY GOVERNMENT
HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY
CORPORATION
STATE GOVERNMENT
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION
TRIBAL COUNCIL
LEGAL SOCIETY
X
X
OTHER (Specify)
General social
REGIONAL BODY
EMPLOYMENT/MANPOWER AGENCY
service agency
OTHER
NEIGHBORHOOD BASED ORGANIZATION
SECTION 11.
PROJECT SUMMARY
14. WILL THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANY PART OF THE WORK PROGRAM BE DELEGATED TO ANOTHER AGENCY?
YES
X
NO
(If "Yes", CAP Form 11, "Assurance of Compliance with Civil Rights Act of 1964," must be filed for
each delegate agency. If it has not been previously submitted, it should be submitted with this application.)
15.
FUNDING PERIOD FOR WHICH
16.
TOTAL REQUESTED BUDGET
FUNDS ARE REQUESTED
PER OEO FORM 325
BEGINNING DATE
ENDING DATE
OEO FEDERAL
NON-FEDERAL
January 1. 1976
December 31,1976
$386,956
$42,995
SECTION III.
FORMER OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYEES
(Check "Yes" below if the answer to ony of these questions is positive.)
1. Does any person who was employed by OEO within the last 12months (whether as aregular or part-time employee or consultant)serve as
chief executive officer of, or serve on the governing board of, or have any financial interest in: (a) the applicant agency; (b) an agency to
which the applicant will delegate the administration of any part of the program; or (c) a prospective contractor or subcontractor who will have
a contract fun $25,000 or more?
2. Does any such person serve in any executive capacity, in n position paying more than $18,000 per your, for ANY of the above
agencies?
3, Is any such person expected to work on the program which is to be supported by the grant?
4. Has any such person participated, or will any such person participate, in the preparation of this application or in communica-
tions with OEO concerning the requested grant?
YES
XX
NO
(If "You", attach a listing of the names of any OEO employees involved, their positions with oco.
and the relationships with the applicant.)
OED FORM 301 110V "
APPENDIX C, Page 2
SECTION IV.
CERTIFICATION OF COMPENSATION COMPARABILITY
The safaries and fringe benefits of all employees of this applicant which are supported by OEO funds, or are counted as contri-
bution to the non-Federal share under a grant made by OEO have been reviewed according to OEO instructions and comparability
has been established.
Documentation of the methods by. which the applicant established comparability is available in applicant's files for review by
persons authorized by OHO and personnel of the General Accounting Office.
Any amendment in the future to the OFO approved salary schedule resulting in a general raise in salaries or any change or in-
crease in fringe benefits for all employees shall be based on a current determination of compensation comparability.
SECTION V.
TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
The applicant AGREES that it will comply with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-352) and the Regulations of the
Office of Economic Opportunity issued pursuant to that title (45 C.F.R. Part 1010), to the end that no person in the United States
shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise
subjected to discrimination under any program or activity for which the Applicant receives Federal financial assistance either
directly or indirectly from the Office of Economic Opportunity; and HEREBY GIVES ASSURANCE THAT it will immediately, in
all phases and levels of programs and activities, install an affirmative action program to achieve equal opportunities for partici-
pation, with provisions for effective periodic self-evaluation.
In the case where the Federal financial assistance is to provide or improve or is in the form of personal property, or real property
or interest therein or structures thereon, this assurance shall obligate the Applicant, or, in the case of a subsequent transfer, the
transferee, for the period during which the property is used for a purpose for which the Federal financial assistance is extended
or for another purpose involving the provision of similar services and benefits, or for as long as the Applicant retains ownership
or possession of the property, whicheverlis longer. In all other cases, this assurance shall obligate the Applicant for the period
during which the Federal financial assistance is extended to it.
THIS ASSURANCE is given in consideration of and for the purpose of obtaining either directly or indirectly any and all Federal
grants, loans, contracts, property, or discounts, the referral or assignment of VISTA volunteers, or other Federal financial assist-
ance extended after the date hereof to the Applicant by the Office of Economic Opportunity, including installment payments after
such date on account of applications for Federal financial assistance which were approved before such date. The Applicant
recognizes and agrees that such Federal financial assistance will be extended in reliance on the representations and agreements
made in this assurance, and that the United States shall have the right to seek judicial enforcement of this assurance. This
assurance is binding on the Applicant, its successors, transferees, and assignees, and the person or persons whose signatures
appear below are authorized to sign-this issurance on behalf of the Applicant.
SECTION VI.
MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT
(Applicable to grants made under Section 222 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.)
Funds or other resources devoted to programs or activities designed to meet the needs of the poor within the community will not be
diminished in order to provide non-Federa share contributions for the Grantee.
With respect to each program account in this funding request:
(1) The amounts claimed as non-Federal share represent a net increase over expenditures from non-Federal sources made for
similar activities during the twelve months prior to initial application to OEO for the program account.
(2) The program account services will besin addition to, not in substitution for, services previously provided without
Economic Opportunity Act assistance.
SECTION VII.
CERTIFICATION
The applicant agency agrees that any funds received as a result of this application will be expended in accordance with the terms
of the grant and in accordance with regulations of the Office of Economic Opportunity.
The undersigned CERTIFIES that he is authorized to submit this application on behalf of the applicant agency, and to make the
commitments contained in it.
NOTE: If the applicant agency is recognized by OEO as a Community Action Agency under Title II of the Economic Opportunity
Act, this application must be signed by the chairman of its governing board or, if the Community Action Agency is a
political jurisdiction, by the principal governing official of the jurisdiction. In other cases, the application should
normally be signed by the chief executive officer of the agency. Other signatures will be accepted only if evidence of
their authority to commit the applicant is submitted to OEO.
TYPED NAME AND TITLE
SIGNATURE
DATE
Rabbi Leib Pinter
Program Manager
December 10, 1975
TYPED NAME OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OR COMPARABLE
OFFICIAL ///different from name and title indicated nhove.)
GSA DC 77.6624
BUDGET SUMMARY
DATE SUBMITTED
(For Health Demonstration Programs under Section 222. Research and
Form Approved
Pilot Programs under Section 232, and Special Impact Programs under
OMB No. 116-R0200
Section 151, of the Economic Opportunity Act)
B'nai Torah, Inc
Dec. 10, 1975
3. AMENDMENT OR CONTINUATION APPLICATIONS
A. GRANT NO.
B.
FUNDING PERIOD FOR WHICH
c. PROGRAM ACCOUNT TITLE AND NO. (As
D. ESTIMATED UNEXPENDED OEO FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE
FUNDS ARE REQUESTED
shown on most recent OEO Statement of Grant)
AT END OF CURRENT FUNDING PERIOD (Attach most recent
DEGINNING DATE
ENDING DATE
Quarterly Financial Report. Support Data Sheel)
$
Jan. 1, 1976
Dec. 31, 1976
n/a
n/a
APPENDIX C, Page
SECTION 1. BUDGET SUMMARY (NEW APPLICATIONS complete Column E only. CONTINUATIONS complete Columns C and E only.
AMENDMENTS - complete Columns C. D and E.)
FOR OEO USE ONLY
A.
D.
C. OEO APPROVED BUDGET FOR
D.
E.
REQUESTED AMENDMENT TO
F.
THE CURRENT FUNDING PERIOD
CURRENT DEO APPROVED
TOTAL
TOTAL OEO APPROVED
CAT. NO.
BUDGET It OR -)
REQUESTED BUDGET
BUDGET
COST
COST
No months of Operation
CATEGORY
No. months of Operation 12
No. months of Operation
OED FEDERAL
NONFEDERAL
DEO FEDERAL
NONFEDERAL
DEO FEDERAL
NONFEDERAL
DEO FEDERAL
NONFEDERAL
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
1.1
Solaries and Wages
160,800
-0-
1.2
Fringe Benefits
(Employer share only)
26,693
1.3
Consultants and Pro-
fessional Services
160,000
2.1
Travel
7,308
2.2
Space Costs and
Rentals
48,450
2.3
Consumoble Supplies
5,750
Leose and
2.4
Purchase of Equipment
12,600
2.5
Investment Copitol
-0-
2.8
Other Direct Costs
8,350
3.0
Indirect Costs
-0-
TOTAL
429,951
-0-
SECTION 11.
ESTIMATED FUTURE COSTS (Entries in this section do not constitute a formal request for OEO approval for future program operations.)
Estimated Total Federal Shore 10 be Requested from DEO
No. months of Operation
1. FOR THE NEXT FUNDING PERIOD (To be completed by all applicants.)
n/a
2.* FOR THE BALANCE OF THE PROJECT (To be completed only for applications
n/a
for funding under Section 232. Do not include estimates in Item 1.1
DEO FORM 325 NOV71
GSA DC 72.6623
BUDGET SUPPORT SHEET PART I (Salaries and Wages)
Form Approved
(For Health Demonstration Programs under Section 222, Research and Pilot Programs under
OMB No. 116-R0200
Section 232, and Special Impact Programs under Section 151 of the Economic Opportunity Act)
Page 1
of
-1-
1. NAME OF APPLICANT AGENCY
2. TYPE OF GRANT
3. DATE SUBMITTED
XX
NEW
AMENDMENT
B'nai Torah, Inc.
CONTINUATION OF GRANT NO.
Dec. 16, 1975
SALARIES AND WAGES (ltemization of Cost Category No. 1.1)
4.
PAID PERSONNEL (Complete Col. C only when Nonfederal Share is entered in Col. E.)
5,
VOLUNTEERS
TOTAL
NO.
SALARIES
OEO FEDERAL
NONFEDERAL
WAGE
NONFEDERAL
TITLE OR POSITION
MAN
CATEGORY OF VOLUNTEER
TOTAL
AND WAGES
SHARE
SHARE
PER
SHARE
MONTHS
(List in Wage Rate Sequence)
HOURS
(Col. D + E)
HOUR
(Col. B X C)
A.
8.
c.
D.
E.
A.
D.
c.
D.
Executive Director
12
30,000
30,000
-0-
Asst. Project Director
12
21,000
21,000
project Development
Specialist/Staffing
12
18,000
18,000
Project Development
Specialist/ Fiscal
12
18,000
18,000
Project Development
Specialist/Administra'r
12
18,000
18,000
Project Development
Specialist/Comm Relns
12
18,000
18,000
Executive Secretary
12
13,000
13,000
Clerk-Typist (2)
24
17,000
17,000
General Clerk
12
7,800
7,800
SUBTOTAL(This page)
SUBTOTAL (This page)
APPENDIX C, Page 5
(Use continuation sheets.,
120
160,800
160,800
-0-
(Use continuation sheets.)
6. GRAND TOTAL, PAID PERSONNEL
GRAND TOTAL, VOLUNTEERS
(Show on Page I ONLY)
120
160,800
160,800
-0-
7:
(Showon Page 1 only.)
OEO FORM 325a NOV 71
GSA DC 72.6672
BUDGET SUPPORT SHEET PART II (Budget Support Data)
Form Approved
(For Health Demonstration Programs under Section 222, Research and Pilor Programs under
Section 232, and Special Impact Programs under Section 151 of the Economic Opportunity Act)
Page 1
of -1-
OKD No. 116-R0200
1. NAME OF APPLICANT AGENCY
2. TYPE OF GRANT
3. DATE SUBMITTED
XXX
NEW
AMENDMENT
B'nai Torah, Inc.
CONTINUATION OF GRANT NO.
Dec 16,1975
BUDGET SUPPORT DATA (ltemization of Cost Categories other than Salaries and Wages. Show subtotal for each cost category.)
COST
AMOUNT OR VALUE OF ITEM
CAT.
DESCRIPTION OF ITEM AND BASIS FOR VALUATION
NO.
OEO FEDERAL SHARE
NONFEDERAL SHARE
A.
D.
c.
D.
rage S 0
1.2
Fringe Benefits (at 16 2/3 %)
26,693
-0-
1.3
Consultants and Professional Services
160,000
2.1
Travel
7,308
2.2
Space Costs and Rentals
48,450
2.3
Consumable Supplies
5,750
2.4
Lease and Purchase of Equipment
12,600
2.6
Other Direct Costs:
8,350
A
Transporting supplies
(-500)
B
Communications: Telephone, Postage, Telegrams
(4,500)
C Insurance
(400)
D Bonding
(500)
E Payroll Costs
(500)
F
Professional/Organizational Memberships & Publications 1
(750)
G
Miscellaneous
(1,200)
GRAND TOTAL
(Show on Page I only.)
269,151
-0-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
CONTENTS
Introduction & Discussion
Page 1 - - 3
Organizational Structure of B.C.D.C.
4
Participating Groups
4
Staffing & Assignments
5
Action Calendar for Planning Year
6 -
F.I.R. Study - Introduction
F.I.R. Study - Narrative
F.I.R. Study - Index List of Participants and
Contributors to Decision-Making;
Action Calendars
Budget for Planning Year
Appendix I - Where Is Poverty? Narrative with Maps
and Charts
Appendix II, Appendix III - Statements of Community
Commitments
Appendix IV - Biographical Data on Principal Personnel
Appendix V - Property List
Bibliography
Page
Acknowledgements
Page
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Introduction and Discussion
An almost-unique opportunity to invigorate, stimulate and sustain
economic and social growth for a city-within-a-city of more
than 1,000,000 people exists in this Project CHAIM proposal for
a planning grant for the Brooklyn Community Development Corpora-
tion under Title VII-D, Special Impact Programs, Community Servi-
ces Act of 1974.
This opportunity is large, yet strangely hidden from general
view. In another sense, however, it is glaringly evident: in the
South Bronx we see its logical terminal stage - virtual rot of
nearly an entire community of formerly comfortable middle-class
neighborhoods. What does it come from? It comes from contin-
ued, unremitting erosion which leads to decay which leads to
collapse in the economic and social fabric of blocks, areas,
neighborhoods and then communities.
It results in a loss which is equivalent to the 11th largest
city in the United States. Similarly, in Brooklyn, half of the
industrial space of all New York City lies vacant --- ten mill-
ion square feet! This inert production property is almost twice
the size of Detroit's entire industrial layout.
A major root of this curse of collapse afflicting the South
Bronx is economic deprivation and weakness, iniindividuals, in
families, and in communities. And the present traumatic condi-
tion of New York City's economy raises warning spectres for us
all. Nonetheless, substantially different results have obtained
- albeit falteringly - in certain parts of Brooklyn.
- 1 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
The blight began thirty years ago upon the ending of World War II:
soon the heart of this borough was sere and steaming with the poor
and the angry; ten miles of oceanfront were leveled; grand houses
of the boulevards were scorched and crumbling. But, the old popu-
lace didn't flee from Brooklyn: they made strategic retreats into
the old neighborhoods - Bay Ridge, Borough Park, Flatbush and
South Brooklyn. Downtown was revitalized; Bedford-Stuyvesant be-
gan to glimmer with the years of effort to reclaim the land: miles
of tree-shaded streets and sedately painted homes match the live-
liness of its commercial centers. Even East New York and Browns-
ville show spots of healthy color once again.
We see now, however, that the titanic efforts of these many Brook-
lynites only add up to a holding action, especially with the shutt-
ing down of new construction for the entire city. How long can
the people in these marginal neighborhoods (marginal in income,
not in appearance) prevent the tragedy of urban blight? The econ-
omic activity in our city is declining faster and affecting the
men and women of these proud neighborhoods long before the decline
finally sweeps over the managerial groups in the suburbs and the
continually fluctuating labor pool in the slums. And, as the eco-
nomic base narrows, the long-term working class that forms the
backbone of these barrier neighborhoods lose their jobs perman-
ently.
These are older, more established workers, with a larger finan-
cial obligation that blocks them from making ready wage comprom-
ises even were new employers willing to hire. Younger workers,
if already steadily employed, can choose to move out, thus revers-
- 2 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
ing the former population trends into "the big city". And, if not
steadily employed, these younger workers have little opportunity,
at this moment of economic decline, to enter the mainstream in
meaningful numbers.
In the case of the Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish wage-earners and sen-
ior citizens, however, there are additional factors which, in
virtually all cases, increase the hardship. It is not only hunger
for a certain standard of living that herds them into these "good"
marginal neighborhoods: it is a devout action, enabling them to
support their parochial schools (yeshivas), their synagogues
(shuls) and their traditions (Yiddishkeit). It is their duty to
their children. Jews, still one-third of the entire Brooklyn pop-
ulation, concentrate in the "respectable" neighborhoods whether
or not they can economically afford such housing. Their heads are
high, though their pockets are often empty.
Thus, the focus of Project CHAIM - Community Help for Area Industry
and Management - will be the 'recently-discovered! phenomenon of
the modern poverty studies: the poor people in the Orthodox/Chass-
idic Jewish community of western Brooklyn. We have come to recog-
nize, almost reluctantly, that a concatenation of circumstances
has forced observant Jews into poverty conditions which they have
been desparately striving to avoid.
We have also come to recog-
nize that their most desparate strivings will ultimately be of no
avail unless a functioning communal organism can be brought into
being to unite this community in a massive, continuing and grow-
ing program of economic self-help grounded in basic industrial/
FORD
commercial profit-making enterprises.
- 3 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
As shown on the maps and charts in Appendix I ("Where Is Poverty?")
the tide of middle-class community which has been constantly wash-
ing away from most areas of western Brooklyn has left islands of
observant Jews stranded, perforce, in a new sea of impoverished
other ethnic groups whose own struggles have at long last begun
to be acknowledged and responded to by city, state and federal
assistance agencies. What does this mean to the observant Jewish
community impacted in the Project CHAIM area?
It means that their problems of food, housing, schooling, work,
medical care and charitable obligations are further exacerbated
by actual physical isolation and perceived psychological isola-
tion. What do they need? They need the focus, assurance and
tangible support of belonging to communal activities centered in
works of mutual interest and self-help, rooted in ethical prin-
ciples, and offering sustained community life. This is what
Project CHAIM proposes to develop - with their participation and
enthusiasm.
Tangible practicalities are the stuff of which such recoveries
and resurgences are made, when coupled with moral commitment and
deep personal involvement. The F.I.R. study which follows (Food,
Industry, Retailing) offers some exciting and major initial busi-
ness exploitation proposals for specific exploration in this
first-year planning grant. Because of the substantial amount of
economic development study which has already been accomplished,
it is anticipated that all three business possibilities - food
FORD
analog manufacturing, distribution and sales; industrial park
realty development; and retail discount chain-store management
- 4 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
and operation - may yield successfully to the detailed develop-
mental studies to be undertaken in the forthcoming twelve months.
The near-total absence of substantive social, community develop-
ment and economic development programs in the Special Impact
Area of Project CHAIM, and particularly the absence of any such
programs targeted toward the Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish community,
reflect the crisis nature of the problem. Their results can be
summarized herewith: virtually nil.
The distinctive strategy for economic development of the western
Brooklyn Special Impact Area to be served by Project CHAIM is two-
fold:
1 - Development of profitable indigenous industry and com-
merce and the well-paying jobs that will flow from them;
2 -Assurance of the respectability of the enterprises and
their positive relationship to the educational, charitable
and social-responsibility commitments of the Orthodox/Chass=
idic Jewish community.
It is expected that the impact of this strategy will be to break
the downward spiral of poverty, to bridge the gap between modern
economics and the demands of traditional communal obligations,
and to provide enduring capital-formation enterprises directly
responsive to the Special Impact Area community.
Organizational Structure
The Brooklyn Community Development Corporation (known as Project
CHAIM) is organized as follows:
8.7080
B'Nai Torah, Inc., as sponsoring organization;
- 5 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Rabbi Leib Pinter as Chairman of B.C.D.C.;
Rabbi Abraham Donner as Chairman of the Advisory Community
Group;
Meyer Steier as Associate Chairman of the Advisory Commun-
ity Group;
Hon. Thomas Schleier as Chairman of the Financial/Bank-
ing Advisors;
Dov Gewirtzman as Chairman of the Committee of Other Comm-
unity Program Groups.
The organizations which shall be represented through the presence
of an official as a member of one or more of the above advisory
bodies are:
Yeshiva Agudath Achim;
Action Nursery;
N'Shei Ahavas Chesed;
Jewish Community Council of Greater Coney Island;
Dorchester Senior Citizen Center;
Chassidic Community Council of Borough Park;
Zvi Zuckerkandel - Free Loan Organization of Boro Park;
Rivkah Laufer Bikur Cholim.
The FORS
Staffing and Assignments
The proposed staff structure and assignments during the crucial
first-year planning stage will be:
Executive Director - Responsible for guiding the growth
and operation of the Brooklyn Community Development Corp-
oration as a full-fledged program of professional economic
development for the poor Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish community
of western Brooklyn. He will oversee the study and devel-
- 6 -
B. C. D. C. - PROJECT CHAIM
opment of venture proposals; direct the administration of
the entire staff; serve as active transmitter of ideas be-
tween staff and advisors such as the Board, in both direc-
tions; coordinate B.C.D.C. activities with other organiza-
tions; assure the positive reputation of the B.C.D.C. in
the Brooklyn area and outside of it; serve as prime discov-
erer of sources of material assistance, from development
capital onward; and review and utilize conceptual approache
es successfully applied in other similar situations.
Assistant Project Director - Will serve as daily operations
officer, assisting the Executive Director in all of the
above responsibilities; will focus on managing and coord-
inating staff activities.
Executive Secretary - Will perform secretarial services for
the Executive Director and Assistant Project Director; as
required, will also assist the Project Development Special-
ists in secretarial work; will supervise the daily work of
the office secretarial/clerical staff; will make stenograph-
ic records of conferences and meetings as necessary and will
completely transcribe into written form stenographic mater-
FORD
ial received in various ways.
Project Development Specialist (4) : Staffing; Fiscal;
Administration; Community Relations - In each of the spec-
ified technical areas, the Project Development Specialist
will provide advice and assistance to the Executive Direct-
or, the B.C.D.C. Board of Directors, et al., on manpower
requirements of Project CHAIM; fiscal and financial resourc-
- 7 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
es and applications; internal management structures and
procedures for productivity, control and security; methods,
people, and media and the specific significances of each in
communicating within and outside of the Special Impact Area.
The earnest involvement of the business community within the
S.I.A. is demonstrated in the statements attached in Appendix II.
Similarly, coordination with other public and private community
development and economic development programs and resources is
reflected in the statements attached in Appendix III.
Because of the exceptionally intimate nature of every community
of observant Jews, the decision-making process will be inherently
responsive to residents' interests and needs. And, to monitor
the feedback process and ensure that no single input attains ex-
clusive or disproportionate impact upon the decision-making pro-
cess, the Board of Directors and the Advisory Community Group
will establish formal procedures to require that opinions, ideas
and responses have been solicited, recorded and transmitted.
Action Calendar for Project CHAIM
A detailed calendar regarding the venture vehicles in the F.I.R.
Study is included in that presentation, following. A general ac-
tion calendar for B.C.D.C. during the twelve-month planning per-
iod follows here:
1st - Recruitment of staff.
1st - Establishing of office facilities.
2nd - Orientation Meetings with:
A. - B.C.D.C. Board of Directors
B. - O.E.O. Project Representatives
- 8 -
B. C. D. C. - PROJECT CHAIM
C. - Advisory Community Group
D. - Financial/Banking Advisors
E. - Committee of Other Community Groups
3rd - Detailed Survey of Identified and Anticipated Areas of
Jewish Poverty Population.
3rd - Developmental Studies of the F.I.R. Proposals:
A - Food Analog Manufacturing, Distribution and Sales;
B - Industrial Park Realty Development;
C - Retail Discount Chain-Store Management and Operation.
These developmental studies are aimed at fleshing out
the details of technology, financing requirements, economic
viability, and managerial-talent demands.
Major Milestones
The major milestones in the Planning Period are proposed to be:
First 30 days - Office established and in smooth daily opera-
tion, including recruiting of all initial staff;
Second 30 days - Ald orientation meetings completed; poverty
population survey begun; F.I.R. studies under way;
Third 30 days - Poverty population study completed; data
undergoing staff analysis;
Fourth 30 days - Poverty population study data analyzed and
conclusions applied to modifyeProject CHAIM proposals, as
appropriate; preliminary report to Board on feasibility pros-
pects of each of the three F.I.R. proposals;
Fifth 30 days - Round-Robin Meetings with financial/banking
advisors and with Advisory Community Group to weigh prior-
ities among the three F.I.R. proposals, consider other de-
- 9 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
velopment proposals which may have germinated since the
B. C. D. C. began, and calendarize any special actions
needed to form the bases for one or more F.I.R. proposals
to be converted into firm project proposals in their own
right; concurrently, meetings with O.E.O. Project Represent-
atives for technical advice and guidance.
Sixth 30 days - (mid-point) - B.C.D.C. Board of Directors
meet to choose specific one (or more) F.I.R. - and/or other
- proposals for full-fledged effort to prepare complete
operating-grant proposal to be submitted to the Office of
Economic Development, O. E. O.; also, to designate one or
more other proposals for possible subsequent preparation as
operating-grant proposals.
Seventh through Ninth 30th days - Development of infra-
structure of community support for selected F.I.R. (and/or
other) operating-grant proposals; receiving and integrating
feedback; surveying financial resources and obtaining condi-
tional commitments from specific money sources.
Final 90 days - In intense cooperation with Advisory Comm-
unity Group, Committee of Other Program Groups, Financial/
Banking Advisors, and O.E.O. Project Representatives,
write in final form the Operating-Grant Proposal for the
Brooklyn Community Development Corporation and submit it
for approval.
Introduction to the F.I.R. Study
The B.C.D.C. sponsor and community leaders realize that it would
be presumptuous to expect to launch more than one major venture
vehicle at a time, especially in its early career. Apart from
- 10 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
the prudence of entertaining but one venture in order, limita-
tions of financial and other resources would undoubtedly force
such an inhibition.
The first decision to be reached, therefore, and one which would
evolve out of a consensus of view from among the following comm-
unityuforums, would be to choose one of the aforementioned three
development vehicles: food analog manufacturing, industrial park
realty development, or retailing.
The community forums referred to are:
B'Nai Torah, Inc., Board of Directors;
B.C.D.C. Board of Directors;
Rabbinic clergy;
Parochial school board representatives;
Lay leadership;
Civic and business leaders and aides.
These groups have already contributed much to the spirit and
thrust of B.C.D.C. They are aware of its purposes and its op-
tions. It is safe to say that the weight of community opinion
expressed thus far leans toward the food manufacturing vehicle
as a first venture. This may cha nge as factors not yet fully
appreciated by the community exercise their pressures toward one
or another direction. New elements and new opportunities may
appear on the scene, thereby displacing previously-held prior-
ities.
The community leadership may decide to embark upon a simultaneous
study of all three vehicles, resources permitting. This would
- 11 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
offer the advantage of exposing, in juxtaposition, the strengths
and weaknesses of all three vehicles. Alternatives would appear
more distinct, with consequent decisions accelerated. That ve-
hicle which proved to be the sturdiest, in conception, the most
practical of attainment, and the grandest in promise would stand
out as a clear choice.
A decision would ultimately be made, probably sooner rather than
later. The accompanying charts illustrate the order of planning
and the participants/contributors in developmental decisions for
the above three vehicles individually. While all three have a
pool of participants in common, there will be other participants
whose special interests will relate them to only one of the diff-
erent ventures. The bar charts denote for each possible venture
the steps in the planning process, specific objectives and mile-
stones, and corresponding target dates.
F. I. R. Study
Generally, CDC strategies under Title VII are geared mainly to
initiating deprived communities into the responsibilities and re-
wards of venture ownership and control. This B.C.D.C.sstrat-
egy, however, must possess an additional objective:
the venture or ventures to be financed will - concurrent
with outside sales - provide to the Orthodox/Chassidic Jew-
ish community those products and services to which it
does not now have practical access, due to either unaccept-
able economic factors, or non-existent sources.
Economic forces without, and religious forces within, have made
poor Jews of the observant community cluster together in the
- 12 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
classic traditions of the ghetto. These are people who are ess-
entially technologically unskilled, living in a community which,
by and large, feeds upon itself. The little capital which the
community possesses flows through and about small, competing marg-
inal shopkeepers and service agencies.
To sustain its massive and traditional commitment to parochial
education, parochial services, and parochial supplies - and to
do so with dignity, efficiency, and promise - the community of
Project CHAIM S.I.A. requires access to income from both respect-
able salaries and respectable communal enterprise profits. Not
either one alone, but both capital sources together are needed,
and both will be the domain of the B.C.D.C. Its primary task will
be to generate capital inflow through the creation of profitable
indigenous industry and commerce, and through the creation of the
well-paying, currently-valuable jobs to serve them.
For the purpose of this study, we shall examine three specific
venture vehicles, and show how they could serve the community by
responding to Project CHAIM's primary pursuit, that of creating
good jobs and good profits.
Venture Vehicle #1 - Food Analog Manufacturing :
Food analog manufacturing is in its infancy: we must even define
the term "food analog" to begin with. A food analog is a food
which purports to represent a standard, staple universally-accepted
viand both as to that staple's esthetic appearance and its nutri-
tional qualities, though the analog is produced or formed from
entirely different ingredients - usually grains or vegetables.
A food analog is not a mere substitute: it is the mirror image
- 13 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
of the real thing.
Thus, yesterday we enjoyed margarine that, for all the world,
could pass for butter. So, today we enjoy processed foods which
taste, smell, look like and feel like meat and poultry products,
when in fact these processed foods have no origin at all in natur-
al meat and poultry. The supermarket shelves are filled with
Morningstar Farms, Egg Beaters, and their competitors.
Many of the food analogs, moreover, have excellent grounds for
their claim to be even more healthful than their natural counter-
parts (having no cholesterol, for instance).
This new food resource is extremely relevant to the problems of
the observant Jewish community, because food analogs are cheap to
produce, are based on plentiful raw materials, require moderately-
skilled production workers, enjoy high profit margins relative to
their natural counterparts, and are by composition kosher. That
is, they are non-animal derivatives of grains and vegetables, and
hence inherently free of the halachic problems and the costs asso-
ciated with ensuring animal kashruth.
So here we have an array of palatable and healthful foods, easily
acceptable to kosher-keeping families, and less expensive than
true meat and dairy products. The rationale of this venture ve-
hicle proposal is that if the Orthodox/Chassidio Jewish community
could itself produce its own food analog supplies, these benefits
would come to it:
FORD
1 - the community could provide its own staples for and by
itself, eliminating wasteful outsider profits;
2 - the community could exchange a costly menu for the very
- 14 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
same menu in food analogs at a much lower price tag;
3 - a number of its citizens could become gainfully employed
in jobs with recognized, marketable skills;
4 - the community could participate in a growth industry with
corresponding profit potential;
5 - the community could become a volume supplier of non-animal
based variety foods to an increasingly diet-conscious market
nationally, and to a kosher market world-wide.
What tasks would have to be undertaken if the poor Orthodox/Chass
idic Jewish community were to attempt to achieve such an indigenes
ous food industry? Possibly subject to a great deal of further
reflection by the community's leadership under the tutelage of the
B.C.D.C., it would be reasonable to project the following scenario:
A - B.C.D.C. would initiate a series of conferences with food
industry executives, brokers, financial specialists, security
analysts, etc., on the condition of the food analog phenom-
enon, its future, and its relevance to current plans concern-
ing it by B.C.D.C and the observant Jewish community. DAY 1 -
120.
B - B.C.D.C. would engage the professional services of a re-)
cognized research team to conduct long-term and short-term
feasibility studies on the prospects for a B.C.D.C. effort
in producing and marketing food analogs. DAY 30 - 180.
C - B.C.D.C. would acquire lists of eligible candidates to
manage a food analog formulation, production, and distribu-
tion complex. Such lists would be names of accredited and
practicing operator specialists in the field, men with long
- 15 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
and distinguished records of innovation and productivity.
Between one and three such candidates would be recruited,
with adequate emolument, as a standby first management team
to head the new community enterprise. DAY 30 - 180.
D - A suitable food analog production and distribution
site would be chosen from among existing food plants or
buildings readily convertible to food plant use. The plant
site should be within, or at least on the perimeter of, the
community. Technical advice on the plant choice would come
from industrial real estate brokers, government authorities,
food brokers, bankers, contractors, industry specialists, and
food technologists, not the least among whom would be the
aforementioned standby management team. DAY 90 - 270.
E - Raw material suppliers would have been canvassed as part
of the feasibility study which, among other objectives, would
determine:
(1) Availability of basic raw materials and their
prices;
(2) Latest departures and accomplishments in the develop-
ment of raw materials. (Food analog raw materials, like
the industry finished products, are in a constant state
of flux and innovation, with new materials being demon-
strated in quick succession. ) ;
(3) Information on the latest state of the art of
structured food.
Among the finest and most prolific sources of technical guidance
on the formulation and production of food analogs are the raw mat-
erials suppliers themselves. Companies like Ralston-Purina, Miles
- 16 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Laboratories, Central Soya, Archer-Daniels-Midland, and perhaps a
dozen more of their size, maintain huge research laboratories and
kitchens solely for the purpose of devising new and better ways
of imitating nature. Their service is, on the whole, free for the
asking, and their assistance in assuring community success in this
venture cannot be over-rated.
F - Marketing and sales of finished food analog products would
best be left to the strong and experienced hands of a reput-
able food brokerage house, at least in the beginning. There
are a number of national and international food brokers who
would be glad to handle a quality line of food manalogs in
competition with those giants of the American food industry
which have by now entered the field. Thus, B.C.D.C. would
commence negotiations with a select group from among respect-
ed food brokerage firms to determine the best organization
to represent the community in the national and international
marketplace. DAY 180 - 360.
G - B.C.D.C. would, meanwhile, have sought and assimilated
expertise from among the local banking community, to the end
that banker commentary and counsel could be expected on the
progress of the Project CHAIM start-up venture, and to the
end that bank cooperation could be secured for maximum lever-
aging of B.C.D.C. internal grant funds. DAY 1 - 360.
H - Concurrently, community manpower resources would be mob-
ilized in the hiring and training of all necessary plant
personnel. DAY 90 - 360.
As already indicated, many of the above tasks might be performed
concurrently. Others would have to wait upon the completion of
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B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
precedent others. It might be premature at present to assign a
definite timetable to each of the tasks, or to their total com-
pletion. A precise scheduling of activity is beyond the scope
of this planning proposal, and would better serve as an impor-
tant component of any future proposal. Yet it would be reasonable
to expect that all of the tasks catalogued would be completed
within a 9-12 month period. Within a year of its first operati-
onal funding, therefore, BCDC could launch the community into an
exciting and promising new business venture. Economic stability
and comfortable self-reliance would at long last come to the de-
prived poor families of the Orthodox Jewish community.
Venture Vehicle #2 - Industrial:
Two of the core geographic areas of Brooklyn's Orthodox Jewish
community have historically been identified with industrial develop-
ment. Both have rail facilities; one also feature port facilities
on the East River. What were once thriving industrial tracts have
suffered periods of decay and abandonment. The tracts themselves
are nevertheless still industrially zoned, and could, with proper
direction, determination, and comprehensive planning, be returned
to their former prosperous condition. Neglect by the City Fathers
was responsible for the dispersion of these factories and the loss
of the related jobs. For the next decade, the City Fathers will
be entrely too preoccupied with their fiscal problems to be able
to consider re-evaluating the future of these industrial areas.
The only evident body capable of providing the impetus as well as
the direction, the determination as well as the planning, and even
the seed money as well as the job trainees, is the community itself,
-18-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
manifested in BCDC. The community residents have the most to gain
from revitalized mini-industrial parks in their proximity. It is
they who now suffer most from industry's desertion, and it is they
who will gain in direct measure from industry's return. If those
industrial spaces are ever to be re-assigned their former role in
the economic recovery of not only their neighborhood environs but
of the entire city as a whole, then it is the Orthodox Jewish
community and its BCDC which will be credited with a major share
of the responsibility.
Venture Vehicle #3 - Retail:
In exploratory meetings with Orthodox Jewish community leaders, an
important out-of-area discount department store distributor and
retailer has expressed a positive interest in the economic develop-
ment of the community through the establishment of a number of
community-operated and community-staffed discount department stores.
One or two such department stores would be located within the
Orthodox Jewish community itself, but others would be strategically
placed in the City suburbs, there to cater to existing middle
class Jewish communities. This sponsoring distributor operates
chain discount department stores nationally. The stores are large-
area, high-volume type units, and they carry a diversified inven-
tory consisting of typical department store hard goods merchan-
dise, ranging from appliances to furniture to jewelry and cosmet-
ics. The company is well known and well regarded in trade and
financial circles. It is a very successful company throughout,
and while it has to date not penetrated the greater metropolitan
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B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
area of New York, such a move will undoubtedly take place some
time in the future.
With regard to the Orthodox Jewish Community, the principals of
the company have proposed the following compact. The company
would research and identify choice sites for the projected com-
munity operated stores. In association with community manpower
agencies, the company would train community personnel to manage
and operate the stores. The company would then stock the stores
fully, under terms advantageous to the community, and at attrac-
tive, competitive prices. It would further provide sales, pricing,
and merchandising assistance to insure individual store success.
The company is thus prepared to put the community into the retail
discount department store business, conditional however, upon per-
formance by the community itself of one remaining function
The community must demonstrate its own commitment by contrib-
uting the finances to build or rehabilitate the store sites
chosen by the company. With the exception of the physical
environment, the company agrees to supply all other goods
and services to make this a turn-key project for the community.
Under this proposal, BCDC on behalf of the community would
provide the funds for store site physical development.
To the company, the community stores would represent additional
outlets for its merchandise. To the community, they would represent
its entry into an old and profitable retail business at minimal
FORD
risk and exposure. It would be difficult for the community to
duplicate the kind and degree of expertise that would be forth-
-20-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
coming from its association with the sponsoring company. Nor
are Orthodox Jewish community ghetto residents so handily situ-
ated now with respect to finding discount outlets close by. On
the whole, the marriage would be a very interesting and desir-
able one, and it would receive a great deal of attention at BCDC.
As can be seen from the above F.I.R. Study, a substantial amount
of preliminary study has been accomplished just to prepare this
proposal. In order to carry out a full and complete planning
study for this proposed massive attempt to halt, and then reverse,
the poverty trend afflicting the Orthodox/Chassidic community of
western Brooklyn, it is essential to carefully build complete
data and understanding of the challenge. The budget presented
below is aimed toward accomplishing this goal of full, profess-
ional presentation upon completion of the planning year.
BUDGET
The anticipated budget for the planning year follows:
1.1 SALARIES & WAGES
1 Executive Director
$30,000
1 Assistant Project Director
21,000
1 Project Development Specialist/Staffing
18,000
1 Project Development Specialist/Fiscal
18,000
1 Project Development Specialist/Administration
18,000
1 Project Development Specialist/Community
18,000
Relations
1 Executive Secretary
B-FORD
13,000
2 Clerk-Typists @$8,500
17,000
-21-
B.C.D.C - PROJECT CHAIM
BUDGET CONTINUED
1 General Clerk
7,800
Totals
10
$160,800
1.2 FRINGE BENEFITS
A complete package of employee protection and benefits will in-
clude health and life insurance, movable retirement program,
Workers' Compensation, Unemployment Insurance. F.I.C.A.; total
fringe benefits, at 16 2/3% of salary budget
$26,693
Total Personnel Budget
$187,493
1.3 CONSULTANTS AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Legal Services, 'as performed'
$10,000
Accounting/Auditing Services, 'as performed'
$15,000
Consultants' Fees - Other:
Two @ $100/day X 180 days (90 ea) (2 x$18,000)
$36,000
Two @ $125/day X 180 days (90ea) (2 x$22,500) $45,000
Two @ $150/day X 180 days (90 ea) (2 x$27,000) $54,000
Totals
Six 540 Man Days (est.)
$135.000
Total for Consultants & Professional Services $160.000
2.1 TRAVEL
The borough of Brooklyn is an old part of the City of New York,
riven by parks, cemeteries and watery incursions of creeks and
FORD
inlets since settlers' times; further divided by surface rail cuts
and vehicular expressways in more recent times. Local travel
is awkward via public transportation ( as cited elsewhere in
this Proposal). Local travel costs will average higher than
-22-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
established standards. Using the given formula: 15 Board members
plus six staff members X 1,200 miles X 12¢ per mile = $3,024,
travel costs within the Special Impact Area. Additionally,
business travel to Washington, or to Boston or similar cities
for comparison of similarly-impacted Jewish poverty populations,
at the formula of 15 Board members + 6 staff members X average
air/rail fare of $66,00 round-trip = Total Per Diem Travel of
$2,772; Total Other Travel Costs and Lodgings ( local taxis,
telephones, etc.,) at $36.00 per person = Total Extended Travel
$1,512; Total Travel:
$7,308,
2.2. SPACE COSTS
Although a rate of $12,00 per square foot ( including utilitties
and maintenance charges) is suggested for N.Y.C. projects by
G.S.A. guidelines, that figure seems high in view of current
economic conditions generally and commercial renting conditions
within metro New York in particular. We estimate a rate of $10-
$11 per square foot for an office headquarters located most ad-
vantageously in western Brooklyn. We would take an optionable
lease to avoid the need for moving upon completion of the plann-
ing period.
Total square footage required for planning period:
4,500 X
annual rate of $10.50 per square foot
......
=$47,250
Utilities ( heat, illumination, cooling ) @ $100/month= $1,200
FORD
Total Space Costs
$48,450
2.3 CONSUMABLE SUPPLIES
Desk-top items and similar materials, per O. E.O. formula: $100
per person X 10 staff = $1,000. Add $4,000 for photocopying
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B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
costs; add $50 per person for Board members X15 = $750;
Total Consumables Costs
$5,750.
2.4 LEASE & PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT
Typewriters, photocopying machines, dictating/transcribing equip-
ment, photographic/video equipment and materials, office furniture
and similar items. Because of the use-and-wear factor, it is
planned that these items will be purchased by B.C.D.C. with costs
to be amortized over a service life in excess of five years.
Total Lease & Purchase for Planning Year:
...
$12,600
2.5 INVESTMENT CAPITAL (Not applicable at this time)
2.6 OTHER DIRECT COSTS
Transporting supplies
$500
Communications: Telephone,postage,telegrams
$4,500
Insurance
$400
Bonding
$500
Payroll costs
$500
Professional/Organizational Memberships and
Publications
$750
Miscellaneous
$1,200
Total
$8,350
3-0 INDIRECT COSTS (Not applicable at this time)
TOTAL PLANNING - YEAR BUDGET FOR PROJECT CHAIM (B.C.D.C) : $429,951
FOR
-24-
B.C.D.C.- PROJECT CHAIM
(5) BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ON PRINCIPAL PERSONNEL
The biographical summaries for the Chairman of B'nai Torah, Inc.
and the Chairman of the Board of the Brooklyn Community Development
Corporation are attached as Appendix IV. Staff will be selected
by the Board of Directors of B.C.D.C., at which time biographical
summaries will be provided.
(6) PROPERTY LIST
A list of all personal property needed to carry out this B.C.D.C.
planning grant, is attached as Appedix V.
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B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Index List of Participants and Contributors to Decision-Making
(1) B'Nai Torah Inc., Board of Directors
(2) B.C.D.C. Board of Directors
(3) Rabbinic Clergy
(4) Civic leadership, elected officials, school board members, etc.
(5) Community business leadership
(6) Community financial leadership, local bankers, private investors, etc.
(7) General business analysts, executives, academicians, etc.
(8) Real estate specialists, brokers, etc.
(9) Employment agencies, talent banks, etc.
(10) Specific industry specialists, developers, traders, associations, etc.
(11) Raw materials suppliers
(12) Machinery and equipment suppliers
(13) Manufacturers' representatives, brokers, sales agents, etc.
(14) Community services agencies, manpower training, poverty programs, etc.
(15) Municipal government and State government departments, officials in econ-
omic development, planning, real estate, etc.
(16) Local small businessmen
(17) Federal information and regulatory agencies and officials
(18) Neighboring community organizations, spokesmen, etc.
(19) Market researchers, survey groups, consultants, etc.
Venture Vehicle #1 : Food Analog Manufacturing
MONTHS :
1234567891012
A - general appreciation and consult-
ation (#1 - 7; 10)
B - market study, feasibility (#19)
C - management recruitment (#9 - 13)
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
D - - site selection (#4 - - 8; 10 - 13;
15 - - 18)
E - technical study (#11)
F - sales organization (#13)
G - local expertise counsel, culti-
vation of financial leverage
(#5; 6; 16)
H - manpower training (#9;14;15)
F.I.R. STUDY
Parenthetical numbers show input
keyed to "Index List".
Venture Vehicle #2: Industrial (Mini-Park Development)
MONTHS :
1234567890112
A - - general appreciation
and consultation (#1 -
8; 10)
B - - independent feasibility
B.C.D.C. PROJECT CHAIM
study (#19)
C - sales effort (#7;8;
10; 15;17)
D - wide area conference
(#4 - 8; 15 - 18)
E - - supplemental financing
search (#5 - 7; 15; 17;
18)
F.I.R. STUDY
F - developer recruitment
(#7; 8; 10; 15; 17; 19)
G - management training
(#6 - 8; 10; 14; 15; 17)
Parenthetical numbers show input
keyed to "Index List".
Venture Vehicle #3: Retailing (Discount Department Store)
MONTHS :
123456789101
12
A - general appreciation
and consultation (#1 -
7; 10; 11)
B - investigation of
sponsor/supplier (#7;
10; 11)
B.C.D.C. PROJECT CHAIM
c - independent feasibil-
ity study (#19)
D - management recruit-
ment (#9 - 11; 14)
E - local expertise coun-
sel; cultivation of
financial leverage
(#5; 6)
F - manpower training
F.I.R. STUDY
(#14; 15)
Parenthetical numbers show input
keyed to "Index List".
B. C. D. C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Appendix I
Where Is Poverty ?
FORD & LIBRARY
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Appendix # 1 - Where Is Poverty?
The maps and charts which form the larger part of this Appendix
are of little meaning without some comments about the human elem-
ent of struggling for life. Every digit, every number, every dot
on a map and point on a graph reflects one poor Jew, or two poor
Jews, or 10 poor Jews, or more - striving to sustain lives of dedi-
cation, dignity and meaning despite nearly-overwhelming glacier-
slides of economic and social decay that virtually surround them.
The original demographic projections are, unfortunately, substan-
tially wrong in their premises: the expectations of 15 or more years
ago, that the American Dream would virtually come to fruition in
the country at large (and at least to some extent in Brooklyn),
have been shown to be for naught. In fact, for less than naught,
because what has happened instead has not been a mere absence of
progress. Rather, the vacuum of no-progress has been filled - -
filled with the filler of deterioration and decay and dismay. And-
in the areas surrounding the Jewish poor in the Project CHAIM S.I.A., -
the hearts of other ethnic poor, once filled with hope, are now
laden with despondent resignation.
One must be a New Yorker, familiar with the "Big Apple" since be-
fore the 'Soaring Sixties' and the 'Fabulous Fifties', to compre-
hend the built-in forces of social and economic change that have
FORD
moved (physically as well as mentally) the majority of all classes
in our city over the decades. The 3-M formula (Money Means Mobil-
ity) was in effect throughout the City from the beginning of urban
America in the 1890's and early 1900's. And, until very recently
-1-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
when roaring inflation plus stultifying recession have frozen most
would-be suburbanites in their inner-city islands, all ethnic groups
shared the desire and - to a greater or lesser extent, the possibil-
ity - of moving out of "The City". All, that is, except a special
group of people: the Orthodox/Chassidic Jewish poor, to whom the
wide expanses and Saturday shopping trips of suburbia were and are
anathema.
So, while most others were both able and eager to escape into the
anomie-numbed life of spiritual isolation coupled with apparent
neighborliness in suburban refuges, the poor Orthodox/Chassidic
Jews were increasingly hemmed in by abandoned tenements, razed
factory buildings, and indifferent (at best) or hostile) (at worst)
new neighbors who brought their own sufferings with them unre-
lieved by familiarity with and acceptance of the "peculiar" ways
of observant Jewry. In Brooklyn, the poor Orthodox/Chassidic Jews
are mainly in the following sections:
Bensonhurst, Borough Park, Coney Island, Crown
Heights, Downtown Brooklyn, Gravesend, Greenpoint, South Brook-
lyn, and Williamsburg.
The total Jewish population in each of these sections has
declined, except in Borough Park and Coney Island. The growth in
Borough Park reflects largely a decline in Williamsburg: the poor
Chassidic Jews having been forced out by material progress (the
Brooklyn-Queens Expressway) and social regression (high crime
rates). Thus, while Borough Park has grown in Jewish population,
it has declined in economic health. In the Coney Island section,
-2-
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
the only other section where the Jewish population has grown,
the growth reflects the recent immigration of Russian Jewish
reguees and the in-migration of the elderly poor from other
parts of Brooklyn. The elderly poor have been finding refuge
in areas characterized by nursing homes, homes for the aged,
and rent-controlled or City low-rent housing. So, the combin-
ation of political refugees from Russia who have limited Eng-
lish and limited earning-power at present, plus the elderly
poor Jews from elsewhere in Brooklyn, means a larger - but
poorer - Jewish population in Coney Island.
According to the most conservative estimate available, fifteen
per cent of the Jews in New York City live below the urban
poverty level, despite the putative assertions to the contrary:
a quarter of a million individuals do not really earn enough
to properly eat and clothe and shelter themselves. Another
twenty per cent do not have sufficient family income to main-
tain themselves at a moderate standard of living. Eight per
cent maintain families of six people or more, and the statist-
ics do not even account for those breadwinners who support
other families beyond their own - sometimes 8, 10 or 12 people,
all dependent upon one income.
Jews themselves have been deceived by religious statistics on
a national scale, which show them entering the professional and
managerial classes at a rate nearly double the general male
population. Close analysis of urban comparisons, however, shows
almost no difference between Jews and the general population,
either in income levels or occupational distribution. And the
- 3 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
projected tendency, for the '70s and '80s as the civil-service
and the education professions fill to capacity - along with a
declining birth rate - is a reversal to the craft trades and
small business including contractor services.
A look at the pattern of free-lunch allowances in the City re-
veals alarming indications of deep poverty even in the midst
of so-called 'nice' neighborhoods, and a long-time barnacle-
coating of enduring poverty in the more marginal areas: more
than sixty per cent of the children in Jewish parochial schools
were certified eligible for free lunches, and a fourth of the
families for food stamps.
None of these school statistics speaks for the elderly and iso-
lated. There are tens of thousands of single individuals (many
of them widows or widowers) and two-person families scattered
in pockets throughout the City who are too poor even to make
themselves noticed. They are totally dependent upon social
security checks, low rents in formerly well-kept apartment houses,
low maintenance and replacement costs in familiar surroundings
that can - shatteringly! - be suddenly wiped out by fire and
theft. Yet their poverty is not reflected in the welfare rolls
because, out of pride and having been accustomed to financial
independence, they do not apply for the public help to which
they might be entitled, not even for Medicaid, since the cri-
teria are so confusing and the welfare interviewers so ominous.
We must therefore look at these maps and charts with a kind of
third dimension in mind: an economic-vitality graph line that
goes downward as the Jewish proportion of an area population
- 4 -
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
declines; and even in Borough Park and Coney Island, an economic
decline despite proportionate increase in Jewish population.
Also, in looking at these maps and charts, we must keep in mind
that the Special Impact Area of the proposed B.C.D.C. encompasses
more than three-quarters of the industrial propoerty in the bor-
ough of Brooklyn. This, in turn, represents over 30% of the tot-
al industrial space in the entire City of New York.
And, in this western Brooklyn area, there is only one Economic
Development Program serving part of the Jewish poor: the Local
Business Development Corporation funded by the Office of Minor-
ity Business Enterprise in the Williamsburg neighborhood.
The major aim of the Brooklyn Community Development Corporation
is thus to fill these voids and develop programs specifically
tailored to a community that has until now been generally
ignored.
Now, turn to the attached materials that give visual meaning to
this challenge.
000
- 5 -
HOBOKEN
Special Impact Area of
PROJECT CHAIN
B. c. B. c.
December 1975
Heavy dashed line shows
proposed S.I.A. is west-
arn Brooklyn for B.C.D.C.
Dots shown in color on
detail maps following
show clustering of Orth-
odox/Chassidic Jewish
communities Yeshivas,
Jewish Community Centers,
Poster Care Agencies,
Mursing/Old Age Homes.
JUJIFF
JMJ
C
ONLINE
FLOYD
BENNET)
FIELD
tour
GERALD
FORD
LIVERSE
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Maps, Graphs and Tables
for Appendix I
(Note: The material in Plates 1 through 7 and Tables A through G
has been excerpted and adapted from sources cited in the
bibliography, particularly "The Jewish Population of the
New York Area". )
STUDY AREA 110. 113
Insted Change
Gr Denpo Inc
0
BROOKLYN
20
Greenpoint
-40
1975
45,000
Total population
1.3
.60
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM Appendix I - Plate I
900
Jewish population
.Bo
2.0%
Percent
South Brooklyn
Iniol Population
.100
Pop.
1930
1940
1950
1957
1975
Iniel and Estimated Jewish Population 05 0 Percent Change Over 1930
Newton Creek, Mecker St., Leonard St., Driggs Av.,
vz
knith 4th St,, Kent Av,, South 3rd St., East River
IN
STUDY AREA NO. 44
Nittal Change
South Brooklyn
So
120
3r
BO
1975
80,000
Total population
40
33
3,800
Jewish population
Is
4,8%
Percent
0.
tu
Jotol Penulation
,40
Est.Jowish Pop.
1830
1940
1930
1857
1975
0803
14141 end Estimated Jawish Population 103 , Percent Change Over 1930
Hr, Allantic Av,, Docrum PL,, Fulton St. FIntbush AV., Neving
East River, Atlantic Av,, Henry St., Kane St., Court
Carol St,,4th Av,, Prospect Av., 6th AV., 20th St,, Upper Day
STUDY AREA NO. 41
4111 Change.
Downtown Brooklyn
BROOKLYN
SCO
115
1976
Total pop:
95,000
vj
Williamsburg
no
Total Jowish
18,000
Downtown Brooklyn
Perdent
18,9%
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Plate 2
135
Total Population
Est. Jewish Pop.
0
16
1830
1880
1930
1937
1975
11111 and Esilmoled Jewish Population 01 a Percent Change Over 1930
v>
18/11 East River, Clinton Av., Myrtle Av., Grand Av., Green
18
the 71stbush Av., Fulton St,, Boerum St,, Atlantic Av., Court
1, ILne St., Henry St., Atlantic AV., East River
v3
3
3,
STUDY AREA NO. 42
lovey Change
Williamsburg
30
3,
0
ss
3,
.12
36
38
"74
1975
8
Total POP 160,000
37
116
39
Total Jewish 33,400
18
Percent 20.9%
SU
Not Population
Esi.Je-ish Pop.
do
1930
1940
1950
1857
1975
1,111 and Estimated Jowlsh Population 01 0 Percent Change Over 1930
was Flushing Av,, Evergreen Av., Myrtle Av., Biway, Louis
H1, Stockton st,, Throop Av., Floyd St,, Marcy AV,, Reyward
1., ledford Av,, Fluching AV,, Clinton AV1, East River
1/1
BROOKLYN
Crown Heights
as
B. C. D. C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Plate 3
1975
Total population 170,000
Jewish pop:
56,500
"
Percent
33.2%
02
S,
STUDY AREA NO. 48
Pricent Change
Crown Heights
so
33
32
24
16-
&
CU
Total
Population
Est.Jenish
0
1930
1940
1950
1951
1975
Total., and Estimoid Jowish Pppulation 03 0 Percent Change Over 1930
irice Av.,Green or E.N.Y. AT Lefferts Av, Albany Lv. Cisrkoon Rv.,E.JOLN KL.,Chu
wil 8,3lib 5t,,Clarkson Av,,Nostrand Av, Lefferts Av., Lincoln need, Ocean Av., Dapire Biv
kri, rivy, Underhill Av. St,Jolin' Ply,Wash, Ay,,Park Pl.,Vardbill. 1
Ivilvd Ave,Croens Av.,Week, Avo,Atlantis Ave,Cl,Mary Troy Ave, Bargen HARD/AV.
BROOKLYN
13
Borough Pork
1976 com
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Plate 4
16
Total population 115,000
Jewish pop.
60,000
Percent
52.3%
STUDY AREA NO. 50
Frigent Change
Borough Park
3,
15
35
10
5.
0
"
Total quistion
-5
Est.Jewish Pog.
Data- From: The Estimated Jewish
1830
1140
1950
1857
1875
Population of the New York Area
1900-1976
Toini and Esilmaird Jowlsh Population os # Percent Change Over 1830
The demographic study committee of the
Coney Island Av., Foster AV, Occan Pkwy., 18th Av., Nc-
Federation OF Jewish Philanthropies.
beild AVs, 47th st,, 19th Av. 55th St,, 10th St., 50th St,, 13th
Ir,,55th St, 13th AV, Ft, Hamilton Pkwy, McDonald Av,, Terrace
II's Pronpect AV11 Seeley St. Prospect Park South West
STUDY AREA NO. 55
Insini Change
Bayr Idge
15
BROOKLYN
1975
0
155,000 Total population
5,800 Jewish pop.
.15
3.8% Percent
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Plate 5
vy
.30
145
1,
Total Pepulation
.co
Ext. Jewish Pop.
Bayridge
1930
1940
1950
1957
1975
Titsi and Estimated Sowlsh Population as 0 Percent Change Over 1930
WHITE 14th Av,, Cropsey Av., Bay 8, Gravesend Day, The Narrows,
18
In pkwy. 2nd Av., 3rd Av., 56th St., 7th Av,, 60th St., 6th Av.,
W 3t,, Long Island Railroad, 62nd St, Fort Hamilton Pkwy.,
J2
fix 51,, 13th Av,, New Utrecht Av,, 65th St.
If
STUDY AREA NO. 56
Irim Change
Bensonhurst
so
3,
10
30
0
Tot pop175,000
-10 Jewish 54,900
37
3,
Percent 31.4%
.20
cu
Total Population
lowish Pep.
.30
1930
1940
1950
1957
1875
isiil and Estimated Jowish Population at 0 Percent Change Over 1830
Bensonhurst
arel travesend Day, Day 0th St., Cropsey Av,1,14th Av., 65th St. New
Av:,SOth St., 18th Av., 55th St,, 19th AV,, 47th St., McDonald
11% dv,, Occan *Av. Foster AV,, Concy I, Av., Av, N,E.7th St, Av. o,
17 hvy, Av. P, Bay Pkwy, 70th St. 23rd Av,, Cropney Av. 24th Av.
STUDY AREA NO. 57
11.18m Change
Gravesond
BROOKLYN
20
15
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Plate 6
1j
10
5
Total Population
Est.Jewish Pop
0
1930
1940
1950
1957
1975
Toigi and Estimated Jewish Population as a Percent Change Over 1830
Gravesend Bay, 24th Av, Cropsey Av. 23rd Av., 78th St.,
In Parkway, Av. P, Ocean Parkway, E. 7th St., Av. N, Concy
Av., Shore Parkway, Gravesend Bay
so
1975
Total pop.
125,000
Jewish pop.
49,900
Percent
47.5%
7
Gravesend
BROOKLYN
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - 7
rj
q3
1,
1975
Total population 100,000
is
Jewish pop.
57,000
Percent
57.0%
18
52
I'
STUDY AREA NO. 60
Change
Coney Island
so
4
s,
Co
Plate
36
40
37
20
n
su
Total Population
Est.Jewish Pop.
20
Coney Island
1930
1940
1950
1857
1975
triel ond Esilmated jewish Population 05 0 Percent Change Over 1930
music Oriental Deach, Manhattan Deach, Drighton Beach, Atlantic
brin, Scagate Av,, Northern Point, Lindburgh Park, Gravesend
4, Shore Parkway, Neptune Av., Shoepshead Bay
TABLE A - Continued
TABLE B
CLASSIFICATION OF STUDY AREAS ACCORDING TO CONCENTRATION OF
TITISH POPULATION AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION, 1975
10 - 19,9 percent
Queens
Manhal
Long Island City-Sunnyside
Greenwich Village
Middle Village
Yorkyillo - East of Centre
10 persent or more
Flushing
Morningside Noights
treaklyn
Bronx
Dayside-Oakland Cardens
rive lark
Weat Bronx
Jamuica-South Jamnica
Stuth
Fordham
Queens Village-Nollig-St. Albans
#isikush-Drownaville
Polham Parkway
Douglaston-Little Nock-Dellerose
Your York-Junnaica Day
Queena
Insch-Ulmor Park
Forest I/illa-Rego Park
9,9 percent or less
Mod-Marino Park
Daysido-Oakland Gardens
Durined Bay
South Flushing-Fresh Meadows-
Manhattan
Brooklyn
Y Island-Manhattan Deach
Utopia
Lower Manhattan
Greenpoint
Douglaston-Little Neck-
West Midtown-Chelsea
South Brooklyn
Bellerose
Times Square-Midtown
Dedford-Stuyvesant
The Rockaways
Stuyvesant Town-Gramercy Square
Bushwick
East Midtown
Park Slope
30 - 39,9 percent
West Harlem
Sunset Park
Queens
East Harlem
Bay Ridge
Malylita
College Point, Whitestone
East River Islands
injurst
Nassau
Bronx
Queens
Hempstead Town
South Bronx
Astoria
Pelham Bay-Throgs Neck
Woodside-Jackson Heights
Livion Heights
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Tables A & B
Riker's Island
Ridgewood-Maspeth
Westchester
College Point-Whitestone
New Rochclle
Woodhaven-Richmond Hill
Trans
Richmond
Richmond Hill South-
IVIDE
St. George
Ozone Park
Port Richmond
20 - 29.9 percent
New Dorp-South Beach
Invidian
Oucens
Central Richmond-Castleton
Twenture
Woodside-Jackson Heights -
Corners
Elmhurst-Corona
Mariner's Harbor-Travis
question
Flushing
Rossville-Tottenville
last Side
Springfield Gardens-Laurelton-
1141
Rosedale
fills-Enst of Central Park
Nassau
North Hempstead Town
TIME
Oyster Day Town
VEGANTS
wint
Suffolk
Misv-Purkchester
Western Section
TABLE B - Continued
In 1930, 1950, and 1975, respectively. Five classes of Jew-
impulation concentration are used: a Jewish concentration of 9,9
or luvo of total population, 10 - 19.9 percent, 20 - 29.9 per-
39.9 persent, and 40 percent or more, These tabulations for
10 - 19.9 porcent
Ask city are portrayed on maps. us Figures 3, 4, and 5 for 1930,
Brooklyn
Oyeens
&HY 1975, respectively, Projections of Jewish population densi-
Downtown Brooklyn
Long Island City-Sunnysi:
D 1975 for Huougu, suffolk and Weatchepter counties are shown in
Astoria
No % fisal 8, respectively
Manhattan
Middlo Village, part of
Jamaica-South Jamaica
VAULATION -- The Lowor East Sido in Minhattan probably served as
Lower Manhattan
Greenwich Village
Queens Village-Hollis-St
18888 LCON of mout Jowish immigrants to the United States. Here
declaions ao to their futuro in the new country, Many of the
Times Square-Midtown
Stuyvesant Town-Gramercy Park
Westchester
advantures upirits moved on to newer arcas, Others acttled on
Mt. Vernon
WATT yaol Bido and raised their families In 1923, 31,000 Jewish
Morningoide Heights
White Pluins
104 Ilved in this soction, accounting for 44.5 percent or Manhat-
Yonkers
13121 Jowish population. Sinco then, the population of the com-
Bronx
Southern Section (inc. L.
w been doolining - 102,000 in 1930, 70,000 in 1958, and a pro-
Riverdale
$7,000 in 1975
North Bronx
11011 Harlow no a secondary area of Jewish concentration in 1923
9.9 percent or less
18441 101, 000 Jows, An a result of a heavy out-migration in the
Manhattan
Bronx
11 has all but disappeared as 4 Jewish community.
West Mildtown-Chelsea
South Bronx
Eost Midtown
Polham Bay-Throgs Neck
1973, almost three-quarters of Manhattan's Jewish population
consentrated in four areas: Park West, Washington Heights,
West Harlem
Riker's Island
Lul Bldu, and Yorkville-East of Central Park.
East Harlem
East River Islands
Oucens
Ridgewood-Maspeth
the Bronx -- In 1923, 55.9 percent of the Jewish population was
Brooklyn
Woodhaven-Richmond Hill
united in two urcus - Morrisania and Tremont. By 1930, both of
Richmond Hill South-O20
Mills deplined in relative importance, as the Jewish population
Greenpoint
out to Wout Bronx, Fordham and Pelham Parkway.
South Brooklyn
Dedford-Stuyvesant
Richmond
Bushwick
St. George
11 1975, more than three-quarters of the Jewish population in the
Port Richmond
*111 Lo living in five of the borough's 12 study arcas. In the
Park Slope
New Dorp-South Beach
or their rolative importance in 1975, these areas are West Bronx,
Sunset Park
Central Richmond-Castlet
their Abrrisunia, Pelham Parkway and Tremont,
Bay Ridge
Corners
B.C.D.C. PROJECT CHAIM Appendix I Table B, Continued
Suffolk
Mariner's Harbor-Travis
The three leading areas of Jewish concentration in
Eastern Section
Rossville-Tottenvillo
11/8 loot Flutbush-Drownsville, Williamsburg and East New York-
41 My, with the in-migration of Manhattan's Jewish population
Central Section
1120, and the dispersion of the Brooklyn Jewish population from
Birlier areas of concentration, the newer residential areas of
Nansau
Northern Section (inc,
knowingh expanded rapidly, In 1950 about 920,000 Jowish people were
Peckskill)
4 1a Brooklyn', They were widely dispersed geographically with
Insultions of 40 percent or more of total population in ten of the
vur's liventy study arcas,
1815, a total of 84.7 percent of Brooklyn's Jewry will be liv-
110 isn Bronol Flatbush, East New York-Jamaica Bay, East Flatbush-
Willis, liidwood-Marino Park, Borough Park, Concy Island-Minhatten
48
Beach, Crown Heights, Bensonhurst, Sheepshead
Bay and Bath Beach Park.
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Table C
Population Projections
Borough Park, PSA
1970 - 1985
Population
Natural
Net
Year
Projection
Increase
Migration
1970
124,176
1971
125,693
1,117
400
1972
127,389
1,131
565
1973
129,265
1,146
730
1974
131,323
1,163
895
1975
133,565
1,182
1,060
1976
135,992
1,202
1,225
1977
138,606
1,224
1,390
1978
141,408
1,247
1,555
1979
144,401
1,273
1,720
1980
147,586
1,300
1,885
1981
150,964
1,328
2,050
1982
154,538
1,359
2,215
1983
158,309
1,391
2,380
1984
162,279
1,425
2,545
1985
166,449
1,460
2,710
Total Increase
18,948
23,325
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
1/
The natural growth of population is assumed to be equal to 9% yearly.
This, according to the Bureau of the Census, is an average value, as
the natural growth rate of the U.S. population ranges between 8% and
1.0% yearly.
Net migration is assumed to increase at 2 constant rate. This is
considered to be 2 conservative estimate.
Population Shifts in Borough Park PSA, Crown Heights
And Williamsburgh in Brooklyn, New York
1950 - 1970
Borough Park PSA
Change
1950 - 60
1960 - 70
Number
Percent
1950
1960
1970
Number
Perce
Total Population
137,386
126,154
124,176
-11,232
-8.2%
-1,978
-1.5
Jewish Population*
72,265
71,907
76,368
to
358
-0.5%
4,461
6.2
Jewish Population as X
52.6%
57.0%
61.5%
of Total Population
Crown Heights
Change
1950 - 57
1957 - 75
Number
Percent
Number
Percen
1950
1957
1975
Total Population
160,689
148,990
170,000
-11,699
-7.3%
21,010
14.1%
Jewish Population
75,369
58,397
56,500
-16,972
-22.5%
-1,897
-3.2%
Jewish Population as %
46.9%
39.2%
33.2%
of Total Population
Williamsburgh
Change
1950 - 57
1957 - 75
Number
Percent
1950
1957
1975
Number
Percen
Total Population
168,170
149,143
160,000
-19,027
-11.3%
10,857
6.8%
Jewish Population
66,606
43,412
33,400
-23,194
-34.8%
-10,012
-23.1%
Jewish Population as %
39.6%
29.1%
20.9%
of Total Population
Tigures on Jewish Population in PSA derived by applying to actual PSA population the Demographic Study Committee
percentages.
Source: Demographic Study Committee of the Federation of Jewish Philantropies
B.C.D.C. PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I 1 Table D
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Table E
1923
1
9
3
0
1
9
4
0
1
9
5
0
RSD
JEWISH
TOTAL
JEWISH
B2
TOTAL
JEWISH
:
TOTAL
JEWISH
=
J
2,200
84,600
3,500
4.2
79,200
18,900
23.8
88,100
25,900
29.3
42
139,100
191,800
73,100
40.7
177,600
60,900
34.3
168,200
66,600
39.6
43
52,400
81,600
11,200
13.7
75,600
8,400
11.2
68,300
2,600
3.8
4
1,600
107,800
1,600
1.5
104,000
4,100
3.9
98,400
2,400
2.4
45
69,400
252,700
46,700
18.5
255,900
27,200
10.6
269,600
23,300
8.7
45
19,000
123,500
11,200
8.7
129,800
7,700
5.9
123,600
7,900
6.4
102
47
4,200
124,800
3,200
2.6
126,000
3,100
2.5
128,200
4,100
3.2
13
25,500
147,600
53,800
36.4
160,500
63,900
39.8
160,700
75,400
46.9
49
2,700
115,000
10,900
9.4
116,200
8,700
7.5
110,400
5,200
4.7
50
46,900
111,400
61,300
55.0
124,800
61,500
49.3
127,000
66,800
52.6
51
16,400
172,000
56,100
32.6
218,100
94,500
43.3
239,700
122,400
51.1
52
172,000
208,200
170,100
81.7
202,800
145,200
71.6
185,100
125,700
67.9
53
105,900
172,700
99,200
57.4
168,600
78,800
46.8
159,300
73,800
45.3
54
4,400
26,500
15,900
60.0
31,000
17,700
57.1
35,600
20,500
53.0
55
5,200
153,700
9,000
5.7
173,800
7,400
4.3
174,300
4,900
2.8
56
45,100
170,600
76,400
44.8
185,400
78,900
42.6
193,800
84,600
43.7
57
2,300
66,400
25,200
53.5
95,600
47,100
49.3
102,400
49,000
47.9
53
3,200
101,300
29,400
29.0
126,600
34,400
27.2
142,700
55,000
38.6
30
7,100
31,000
30,300
20.0
68,750
30,100
51.4
25,000
22.700
27.0
9
,
8
1
9
7
a
EST.
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
MALE
FEMALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
JEWISH
RSD
TOTAL
=
JEWISH
2
WHITE
JEWISH
68
WHITE
JEWISH
:
POP.
POP.
"
41
93,200
24.1
74,600
22,400
30.0
41,100
12,300
30.0
33,700
10,000
30.0
95,000
19,000
18.9
12
149,100
29.1
136,000
43,400
31.5
65,800
21,600
31.4
69,300
21,800
31.5
160,000
33,400
20.9
43
60,100
2.6
59,900
1,600
2.6
30,000
800
2.7
29,900
800
2.6
45,000
900
2.0
4
94,300
4.3
83,000
4,000
4.8
42,200
2,000
4.8
40,800
2,000
4.8
80,000
3,800
4.8
45
253,000
11.7
66,500
29,500
34.2
42,000
14,300
34.1
44,500
15,200
34.2
250,000
24,700
9.5
15
115,000
6.1
112,100
7,000
6.3
54,000
3,400
6.3
53,100
3,600
6.3
110,000
6,300
5.7
H47
119,000
4.4
112,800
5,200
4.6
54,800
2,500
46
58,000
2,700
4.6
120,000
3,400
2.8
L313
229,000
39.2
111,900
58,400
52.2
52,700
27,500
52.2
59,200
30,900
52.2
170,000
56,500
33.2
49
93,400
6.6
93,000
6,500
6.6
48,400
3,200
6.6
49,600
3,300
6.6
90,000
3,400
3.8
50
114,300
55.6
114,000
63,500
55.7
55,700
31,000
55.7
58,300
32,500
55.8
115,000
60,100
52.3
51
239,100
51.7
235,700
123,600
52.4
110,700
58,000
52.4
125,100
65,600
52.5
250,000
125,900
50.4
52
172,500
55.4
134,000
95,700
71.4
65,200
46,600
71.4
68,800
49,100
T1.3
180,000
77,000
12.8
53
147,500
60.6
141,200
89,600
63.4
68,700
43,600
63.5
72,500
45,900
63.4
165,000
94,000
57.0
54
47,000
59.5
43,500
23,000
63.9
21,900
14,000
63.9
22,000
14,000
63.8
50,000
25,500
57.0
55
166,300
4.5
165,700
7,500
4.5
79,500
3,600
4.5
86,200
3,900
4.5
155,000
5,900
3.8
56
177,300
33.6
176,600
59,500
33.7
86,100
29,000
33.7
90,500
30,500
33.7
175,000
54,900
31.4
57
102,300
50.2
102,100
51,300
50.3
50,400
25,300
50.2
51,600
25,000
50.3
105,000
49,000
47.5
53
140,800
45.7
140,300
64,300
45.8
68,000
31,200
45.8
72,200
33,100
45.8
150,000
71,200
47.5
59
£9,000
53.7
87,900
47,700
54.3
43,200
23,000
54.3
44,700
24,300
54.3
100,000
52,200
52.2
60
74,700
59.3
72,300
44,700
61.8
35,100
21,700
61.8
37,200
23,000
61.7
100,000
57,000
57.0
TOTAL
2,602,400
32.8
2,290,600
853,500
37.3
1,118,500
414,600
37.1
1,172,200
438,300
37.4
2,675,000
827,000
30.9
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Table F
JEWISH POPULATION THENDS IN BROOKLYN COMMUNITIES
1923 - 1975
(IN THOUSANDS)
Year
Study area²
1923
1930
1920
Number
Name
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
20 percent or more
43
Crown Heights
26
3.5
54
6.3
64
7.5
50
y Berough Park
47
6.4
61
7.2
62
7.2
51
Flathush
16
2.2
56
6.6
94
11.0
52
East Fatbush-Prowsville
172
23.2
170
20.0
145
16.9
53
East New York-Jaraica Bay
106
14.3
99
11.6
79
9.2
54
Flatlands-Canarsie
4
0.5
16
1.9
18
2.1
55
Bensonhurst
45
6.1
76
8.9
79
9.2
57
Bath Beach Timer Park
4
0.5
46
5.4
47
5.5
59
Sheensbead Bay
7
0.9
21
2.5
35
41
60
Coney Island-Hantattan Beach
35
4.7
47
5:5
53
6.2
30-39.9 percent
42
Williamsburg
139
18.8
78
9.2
61
7.1
53
Midwood Marine Park
3
0.4
29
3.4
34
40
20-29.9 percent
41
Doratows Brooklyn
2
0.3
4
0.5
19
2.2
Year
Study areasa
1923
1930
1940
Name
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
9.9 percent GT less
43
Greenpoint
31
4.2
11
13
28
0.9
44
South Brooklyn
2
0.3
2
0.2
0.5
45
Bedford-Stryvesant
69
9.3
47
5.5
27
3.2
46
Bushwick
19
2.6
11
1.3
8
0.9
47
Park Slope
4
0.5
3
0.4
3
0.4
49
Sunset Park
3
0.4
11
1.3
9
7.1
55
Bay Ridge
5
0.7
-9
1.1
7
0.8
b
Total Brooklyn
740
100
851
100
857
100
1950
1958
1975°
20 percent or more
4S
Crown Heights
75
8.2
58
6.8
56
6.8
50
Borough Park
67
7.3
64
7.5
60
7.3
51
Flatbush
122
13.3
124
14.5
126
15.3
52
East Flattush-Brownsville
125
13.7
96
11.2
77
9.3
53
East New York-Jaraica Bay
74
8.0
90
10.5
94
11.4
54
Flatla-ds-Canarsie
20
2.2
28
3.3
28
3.4
55
Benschlurst
85
9.2
60
7.0
55
6.6
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM - Appendix I - Table F (continued)
JEWESH POPULATION TRENDS IN BROOKLYN COMMITTIES
1923 - 1975
(IN THOUSANDS)
Year
1950
1953
1975°
Study areasa
Name
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Mmber
20 percent C. = - cont'd.
57
Eath Beach-Jiner Park
49
5.3
51
6.0
50
6.1
Sheepshead Bay
48
5.2
48
5.6
52
6.3
59
6.0
5.3
57
6.9
60
Come] islard-Vancation Beach 55
45
30-39.9 percent
Williamsong
67
7.3
43
5.0
33ᵃ
4.0
42
Midrood varine Park
55
6.0
64
7.5
71
8.6
53
20-29.9 percent
47
Downtown Prooklyn
25
2.8
22
2.6
18
2.2
10-19.9 percent
None
9.9 percent 07 less
3
0.3
2
0.2
1
0.1
43
Greenpoint
south Brooklyn
2
0.2
4
0.5
4
0.5
4
23
2.5
30
3.5
3.0
25
Budrond Sugment
Year
States areas2
1950
1958
1975°
Name
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
9.9 percent = less - cont'd
47
De-in Slope
4
0.4
5
0.6
3
0.4
49
Street Park
5
0.6
6
0.7
3
0.4
55
Pay Pidge
5
0.6
8
0.9
6
0.7
3
Total Brooklyn
920
100
854
100
827
100
(2)
Study areas are classified according to concentration of Jewish popula-
tion in 1950 23 a percent of total population in each study area in 1950.
(b)
Details my not add to totals because of rounding.
(c)
Data apply to year 1953. School attendance data for 1957 are not evail-
able, because YO Kippur 723 ON a Saturday.
(a)
The Jewish population of Williamsburg may undergo a fore rapid reduction if current
reports = the exodus of Hassidin are carried out expeditiously.
B.C.D.C. - PROJECT CHAIM
Appendix I - Table G
PERCENT
CHANGE IN
POPULATION
100
30
60
TOTAL JEWISH POP
JEWISH POOR
40
20
0
1930
1940
1950
1957
1967
1975
RELATIONSHIP OF DECLINE
OF JEWISH POPULATION IN
IMPACTED AREAS AND INCREASE
IN POVERTY LEVELS.
Borough of Brooklyn,
New York City