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1489620
label
8/2-3/75 - Bucharest
core
doc
dtoType
document
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1
Source metadata
id
1489620
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
8/2-3/75 - Bucharest
citationUrl
collections
Sheila R. Weidenfeld Files (Ford Administration)
Sheila Weidenfeld's Trip Files
subjects
Romania
President (1974-1977 : Ford). Office of the First Lady. 1974-1977
Voyages and travels
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1489620
coverageEndDate
logicalDate
1975-08-31
month
8
year
1975
coverageStartDate
logicalDate
1975-08-01
month
8
year
1975
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description
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nara-archive
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1
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120eadf50ec646bf
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The original documents are located in Box 18, folder "8/2-3/75 - Bucharest" of the
Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
08V L6MB
Digitized from Box 18 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files
Gam at the Gerald bf R. Ford ac Presidential pres Library to
02-108
RECEIVED
BA Sinaia (1½) )
LINE
Grk Orth service
Guest House Servi Se
11:30, of + mc to peles
castle (10 mins)
HELAWHED ЛОПВ cvrr
wrr CVIT vevin
18 waiting MATTING 10 SEE on
1:15 lun cheon
OF
2:30 Rom folk dances
Jon MEDE CVITED BA-
von MEBE AIBILED BA--
3 concl
FORD
101
WEWENVUDOW BYS 3
OL dep Senar
LIBRARY
5' 105 pm deps ceremons
5:20
dep
MEMORANDUM
OF CALL
TO:
are
YOU WERE CALLED BY-
YOU WERE VISITED BY-
OF (Organization)
your
PHONE NO.
PLEASE CALL
CODE/EXT.
WILL CALL AGAIN
IS WAITING TO SEE YOU
RETURNED YOUR CALL
WISHES AN APPOINTMENT
MESSAGE
11:30' bryoo
famor 26vm 75
wive ,Hro
RECEIVED BY
DATE
TIME
STANDARD FORM 63
GPO :1969-o48-16-80341-1 332-889
63-108
REVISED AUGUST 1967
GSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6
ROMANIA 124040
Embassy: 7-9 TudorAusghezi
bucharest, romania
x17
MR. Ford contact: DICK SCISSORS 12-00-58
Incs
Ashley wills (press)
"aury" Fernandez - pao
Ambassador: Harry 6. Barnes DCM: DICK Viets
Schedule
Leads
John Gilden mary
Fisher
Bob Caughey
FORD & GIVE LIBRA
Ken Pabula
Jim Walsh
mike Hoffman
John Druglinger
AMERICAN EMBASSY
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA
KEY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Embassy Switchboard
12-40-40
Home
Telephone
Embassy
Numbers
Extension
Ambassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr.
18-01-54
10
Deputy Chief of Mission Richard N. Viets
33-04-16
12
Defense/Army Attache Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell
33-75-96
36
Air Attache Maj. Nicholas P. Costa, Jr.
.....
17-76-61
36
Political Officer Edward A. Mainland
12-35-50
38
Econ/Commercial Officer Richard C. Scissors.. 12-00-58
17
Vice Consul Jean Gunther
15-80-22
39
Administrative Officer H. Clarke Rodgers
....
33-22-10
24
Public Affairs Officer Aurelius Fernandez ...
11-25-25
21
Information Officer Ashley Wills
12-00-95
26
Nurse Catherine Chaddic
50-41-70
33
LIBRARY DERAL
VV FHT070EHV932 CONFIDENTIAL AMEMBASSY BONN
PP RUFHOL
DE RUDKAR #3554 2070959
ENY CCCCC ZZH
0 2609272 JUL 75
FM AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST
IMMEDIATE
TO AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 1526
BT
AT2 GO F I E I L BUCHAREST 3554
BONN FOR PATTY MATSON, MRS. FORD'S PRESS OFFICE
ANV-18
ACTION
AMB
1
E.O. TAGS: 11652: OVIP (FORD, GDS GERALD R.) 1151 AH
DCM
1
SUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT -- SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS
POL
in
POLMIL
FOLLOWING SENT WHITE HOUSE, STATE INFO USIA BEING PASSED TO YOU
ECON
4
FOR YOUR INFO
CON
C 0 NFIDENTIA L BUCHAREST 3486
ADM
3
WHITE HOUSE FOR PRESS OFFICE
PER
1
STATE FOR A/O
B&F
1
SY
1
E.O. 11652: GDS
CRO
TAGS: OVIP
COM
SUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT - SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS
BAX
GSO
1
1. FOLLOWING ARE BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF SITES OF PRESIDENTIAL
TR
ACTIVITY DURING VISIT; SCHEDULE HAS NOT BEEN FIRMED UP AND
RCO
SITES D THROUGH G BELOW MAY NOT BE INCLUDED IN FINAL PROGRAM:
USIS
(
OCA
3 A. SAT AUG 2. OTOPENI AIRPORT AND MOTORCADE ROUTE -
LEGAT
WHERE THE PRESIDENT'S PLANE WILL LAND. OTOPENI AIRPORT
DAO
WAS COMPLETED JUST PRIOR TO THE VISIT OF FORMER PRESI-
MAAG
1 1 DENT NIXON IN 1969. LOCATED 14 KM FROM THE CENTER OF
MLO
2 BUCHAREST, OTOPENI IS ONE OF THE MOST MODERN AIR-
RDLB
PORTS IN EASTERN EUROPE.
RAFLO
THE PRESIDENT'S MOTORCADE WILL MOVE DIRECTLY FROM
MBT
THE AIRPORT TARMAC ONTO HIGHWAY E-15, THE PRINCIPAL
AFPLD
ROAD LINK BETWEEN BUCHAREST AND PLOIESTI. COMING INTO
EUPLD
(1) PIATA SCINTEII (LITERALLY SPARK SQUARE) - IS
POLAD
s/s
15
LOCATED IMMEDIATELY IN FRONT OF THE IMPOSING
SCINTEIA BUILDING, A GIFT OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT
usss
I
TO THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE AND SEAT OF BUCHAREST'S
PRINCIPAL PUBLISHING, CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ORGAN-
IZATIONS. THE MOTORCADE MAY STOP HERE SO THAT THE
GREATE
PRESIDENT MAY RECEIVE THE KEYS TO THE CITY.RH
LIBRARY
(2) ARC DE TRIOMPHE (AR
CH OF TRIUMPH) WAS COPIED AFTER THE
CRU
1
FRENCH ORIGINAL AND SYMBOLIZES THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH CULTURE
ON ROMANIA.
B. SPRING PALACE - WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL STAY. THE
SPRING PALACE WAS BUILT IN THE MIDDLE SIXTIES SPECIFICALLY
TO HOUSE VISITING HEADS OF STATE. IT IS LOCATED IN A
CONFIDENTIAL
DAD, 3/25/86
IVI
Page 2 Control 5044
CONFIDENTIAL
amembassy BONN
TIGHTLY CONTROLLED COMPOUND OF HOMES AND OFFICIAL RESIDENCES
INCLUDING PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU'S. THE SPRING PALACE
BORDERS LAKE FLOREASCA, ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL OF
BUCHAREST'S MANY LAKES. THE CITY IS IN FACT KNOWN AS
THE "CITY OF LAKES."
C. COUNCIL OF STATE - WHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE
TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE PLACE WHEN THEY ARE IN BUCHAREST.
THE COUNCIL IS LOCATED IN THE PALACE OF THE REPUBLIC ON
GHEORGHE GHORGHIU-DEJ SQUARE. THE PALACE ALSO HOUSES THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART. THE PALACE WAS BUILT BETWEEN
1930 AND 1937, ON THE SITE OF A GRAND BOYAR'S 19TH CENT-
URY TOWN HOUSE AND THE RESIDENCE OF UNITED ROMANIA'S
FIRST LEADER, ALEXANDER CUZA. THE MODERN PALACE SERVED
AS A ROYAL RESIDENCE UNTIL 1944. IT WAS HERE THAT THE
AUGUST 23, 1944 UPRISING AGAINST THE FASCIST GOVERNMENT
ENDED SUCCESSFULLY, AND WHERE IN 1947 THE END OF THE
MONARCHY WAS OFFICIALLY PROCALIMED. THE PALACE IS BUILT
IN A U-SHAPE, IN CEOCLASSICAL STYLE. THE COUNCIL OF
STATE IS LOCATED IN THE RIGHT WING AS YOU FACE THE BUILDING.
D. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 1. TRAIN ROUTE FROM
BUCHAREST TO SINAIA - COVERS A DISTANCE OF 127 KM. THE
TRAIN WILL PASS THROUGH GENTLY SLOPING PLAINS TO THE
CITY OF PLOIESTI, ROMANIA'S LEADING OIL REFINING CENTER.
PLOIESTI WAS BOMBED BY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH PLANES DURING
WW II, SINCE IT WAS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT GERMAN
SOURCES OF OIL. THE TRAIN WILL PASS WITHIN SIGHT OF THE
LARGEST OIL REFINING COMPLEX IN EUROPE. ABOUT 30 KM
BEYOND PLOIESTI, THE TRAIN WILL BEGIN ASCENDING INTO THE
PRAHOVA VALLEY, ONE OF THE MOST PICTURESQUE IN ROMANIA.
THE ENTIRE TRAIN TRIP SHOULD LAST APPROXIMATELY ONE HOUR
AND A HALF.
E. SINAIA AND PELES CASTLE - WHERE THE TWO PRESIDENTS
WILL SPEND SUNDAY MORNING IF THIS OPTION CHOSEN. SINAIA IS AN OLD
AND BEAUTIFUL ALPINE RESORT, WHERE 19TH CENTURY NOBLES FROM ALL
OVER SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE USED TO SPEND THEIR SUMMERS. IT
IS LOCATED AT A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 1500 FEET, AT THE BASE
OF THE BUCEGI MOUNTAINS. PELES CASTLE, WHICH THE TWO
PRESIDENTS WILL TOUR, IS A GERMAN RENNAISANCE STRUCTURE
BUILT BY THE HOHENZOLLERNS BETWEEN 1875 AND 1883. THE CASTLE
IS NOTEWORTHY FOR ITS INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR WOOD CARV-
INGS, AND FOR THE DIVERSITY OF STYLES USED IN THE
PRINCIPAL CHAMBERS. THESE INCLUDE ITALIAN AND ENGLISH
RENAISSANCE, BAROQUE, ROCOCCO, MOORISH, AND BYZANTINE.
THE CASTLE HAS 160 ROOMS, AND CONTAINS EXHIBITS OF
ANCIENT WEAPONS, ORIENTAL CARPETS, STAINED GLASS WINDOWS
AND TAPESTRIES AND FURNITURE OF VARIOUS PERIODS.
THE PELES CASTLE STANDS IN THE MIDDLE OF SIX HECTARES
OF A TERRACED PARK. NEAR PELES IS THE PELISOR CASTLE,
WHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE
CONFIDENTIAL
TELEORAM
Page 3 Control 5044
CONFIDENTIAL
AMEMBASSY BONN
PLACE. THIS CASTLE WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1899 AND 1903, ALSO
IN THE GERMAN RENAISSANCE STYLE. IT IS SMALLER THAN
PELES, HAVING A MERE 70 ROOMS.
F. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 2.
AMERICAN LIBRARY -- A FACT SHEET ON THE AMERICAN
LIBRARY WILL BE PLACED IN EACH JOURNALIST'S PRESS KIT,
WHICH WILL BE GIVEN OUT UPON ARRIVAL IN BUCHAREST. THE
LIBRARY WAS OPENED IN 1972 PURSUANT TO AN UNDERSTANDING
SIGNED DURING PRESIDENT NIXON'S 1969 VISIT
TO ROMANIA.
G. UNITY MARKET -- WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL TOUR A
TYPICAL ROMANIAN OUTDOOR MARKET. THIS PARTICULAR ONE
IS AMONG THE OLDEST IN BUCHAREST, DATING FROM THE
16TH CENTURY. THE MARKET IS PARTICULARLY BUSY AND
PICTURESQUE ON SUNDAY MORNINGS, WHEN THOUSANDS OF
ROMANIANS MILL ABOUT THE VEGETABLE STANDS AND ARTISTS'
BOOTHS.
NEXT TO THE MARKET IS MANUC'S INN, A BEAUTIFULLY
RESTORED 19TH CENTURY HUNTING LODGE WHICH HAS BEEN
CONVERTED INTO A RESTAURANT ANDHOTEL WHERE THE PRESI-
DENT AND MRS FORD WILL SEE A FOLK DANCING TROUPE PER-
FORM IN THE LARGE INTERIOR COURTYARD.
2. WISH TO REPEAT SCHEDULE STILL NOT FIRMED UP AND SITES D.
THROUGH G. MAY NOT BE INVOLVED IN PROGRAM. MOTORCADE ROUTE
COUNCIL OF STATE AND SPRING PALACE WILL BE IN FINAL SCHEDULE
IN ANY CASE.
3. N.B. THIS MESSAGE IS CLASSIFIED OWING TO REFERENCES
TO PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE STILL UNDER DISCUSSION.
DESCRIPTIVE DATA ON INDIVIDUAL SITES CAN BE TREATED AS
UNCLASSIFIED IF NOT TIED TO PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE. ARNES
BT
#3554
FORD LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
TELEGRAMINCOMING
MEDIATE 00 RUFHOL
CONFIDENTIAL -
AMEMBASSY
BONN
VV FHU409EHR997
004740
DE RUDKAR #3525 2060742
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
0 250705Z JUL 75 ZFF4 5085
FM AMEMBASSY BUCHRESTS
16-AWS
TO AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 1523
BT
IMMEDIATE:
C ONFIDENTIA L BUCHAREST 3525
CTION DV
FOR WHITE HOUSE ADVANCE PARTY
MB
JUL 25 9 56 AM '75
cM
1
E.O. 11652: GDS
OL
3
TAGS: OVIP (GERALD FORD)
DLMIL
SUBJECT: PROPOSED SCHEDULE- DEPARTURE FROM SINAIA
CON
4
:ON
IT SEEMS AS THOUGH THERE MAY BE DIFFICULTY
IDM
3
USING HELICOPTERS IN SINAIA. THEREFORE, WE
ARE FORWARDING PROPOSED SCHEDULE BASED ON RETURN
ER
FROM SINAIA BY TRAIN. WE DO HAVE SCHEDULE LOCALLY
I&F
IN THE EVENT HELICOPTERS ARE USED. DEPARTURE TIME
iY
FROM SINAIA DOES NOT VARY SIGNIFICANTLY:
:RO
:OM
PROPOSED SCHEDULE
IAX
SSO
/
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD'S VISIT TO
R
SINAIA, ROMANIA
ICO
USIS
1
AUGUST 3, 19.75
DCA
3
.EGAT
8:30 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTO
3AO
MAAG
I
ZADE AT SPRING PALACE.
MLO
2
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
RDLB
MOTORCADE DEPARTS SPRING PALACE EN ROUTE AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE.
RAFLO
MBT
(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)
AFPLD
EUPLD
8:35 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE.
POLAD
S/S
S/S 2
2
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:
LSS/
AMBASSADOR HARRY PARNES
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
IMMEDIATE SERIAL FORD CIBTARY
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY
AMBASSADOR BARNES, PROCEED TO COURTYARD.
CRU
1
8:36AM THE PRESIDENT, MRS. FORD AND AMBASSADOR BARNES. ARRIVE
COURTYARD TO GREET AMERICAN COMMUNITY.
8:49 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD DEPART AMERICAN COMMUNITY
RECEPTION EN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.
CONFIDENTIAL KR 3/25/86
TELEGRAM INCOMING
Page V Control 4740
CONFIDENTIAL
AMEMBASSY
BONN
8:50 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE EN ROUTE VIP
TRAIN STATION.
(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)
8.55 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES VIP TRAIN STATION.
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:
PRESIDENT AND MRS. NICOLAE CEAUSESCU
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED EN ROUTE
TRAIN FOR BOARDING.
9:00 AM TRAIN DEPARTS BUCHAREST EN ROUTE SINAIA.
(TRAVELING TIME: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES)
10:30AM TRAIN ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION (VIP ENTRANCE).
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:
LOCAL OFFICIALS
OPEN PRESS COVERAGE
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.
10:35 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE GUEST
HOUSE RESIDENCE VIA TOUR OF THE CITY.
(DRIVING TIME: 15 MINUTES)
10:50 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT A T MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED INSIDE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.
11:00 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTORCADE AT FRONT
ENTRANCE OF GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.
MOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SINAIA
MONASTARY.
(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)
11:05 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAIA MONASTARY.
FORD GERATE LIBRARY
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:
CONFIDENTIAL
TELEGRAM INCOMING
3
4740
CONFIDENTIAL
AMEMBASSY BONN
Page
Control
OPEN PRESS COVERAGE
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY
PROCEED INSIDE
CHAPEL FOR GREEK ORTHODOX SERVICE
IN PROGRESS.
11:23 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD DEPART
CHAPEL
EN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.
11.25 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA MONASTARY EN ROUTE GUEST HOUSE
RESIDENCE.
(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)
11:30 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:
PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
11:31 AM THE PRESIDENT, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU, PROCEEDS
TO THE RECEPTION ROOM.
11:31 AM MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY MRS. CEAUSESCU PROCEEDS ON FOOT
TO PELES CASTLE.
(QCLKING TIME: 10 MINUTES)
11:33 AM THE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU ARRIVE RECEPTION
ROOM FOR HEAD- TO-HEAD MEETING.
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
11:35 AM HEAD- TO-HEAD MEETING BEGINS.
DURATION: 1 HOUR
12:45 PM LUNCHEON GUESTS ARRIVE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.
1:05 PM HEAD- (:9-HEAD MEETING CONCLUDES.
THE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU PROCEED TO LUNCHEON ROOM
WHERE THEY WILL BE JOINED BY MRS. FORD AND MRS. CEAUSESCU TO GREET
GUESTS.
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
SERIAL FORD LIBRARY
1.10 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, ARE SEATED.
1:15 PM LUNCHEON SERVICE BEGINS.
CONFIDENTIAL
TELEGRAM INCOMING
4.
4740
Page
Control
CONFIDENTIAL
AMEMBASSY BONN
2:20 PM PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU OFFERS TOAST.
2KCWT PM THE PRESIDENT OFFERS RESPONSE TOAST.
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
2:30 PM PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD ESCORTED BY PRESIJSNT AND MRS.
CEAUSES CU, PROCEED TO VIEWING AREA FOR ROMANIAN FOLK DANCES.
2:32 PM ROMANIAN FOLK DANCE ENTERTAINMENT BEGINS.
3:00 PM ENTERTAINMENT CONCLUDES.
3:00 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, AXCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.
3:02 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SINAIA
TRAIN STATION.
(DRIVING TIME: 8 MINUTES)
3:10 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION.
PRESS POOL COVERAGE
3:14 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCGFQED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, BOARD TRAIN.
3:15 PM TRAIN DEPARTS SINAIA EN ROUTE BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.
(TRAVELING TIME: 1 HOUR 25 MINUTES)
4:40 PM TRAIN ARRIVES BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.
OPEN PRESS COVERAGE
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS#6
:3-73:7, PROCEED TO MO TO RCADE FOR BOARDING.
4:41 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE OTOPENI AIRPORT.
(DRIVING TIME: 19 MINUTES)
5:00 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES OTOPENI AIRPORT.
OPEN PRESS COVERAGE
CROWD SITUATION
THE PRESIDENT, MRS. FORD, PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO DEPARTURE CEREMONY.
CONFIDENTIAL
TELEGRAM INCOMING
Page Control 4740
CONFIDENTIAL
AMEMBASSY BONN
5:05 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY BEGINS.
5:15 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY CONCLUDES.
5:15 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.
CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO AIR FORCE ONE FOR BOARDING.
5:20 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD AIR FORCE ONE.
AIR FORCE ONE DEPARTS OTOPENI AIRPORT, BUCHAREST ROMANIA,
EN ROUTE BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA.
BT
#3525
DEPARTO FORD LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
CITY Bucharest
Sat,
Sun,
DATES OF VISIT aug2 - aug 3
Signal tel. #
Probable weather: mid to high 80s, very humid
Events we'll have:
You'll be staying:
Mrs. Ford will be: The Guest House.
Ambassador's wife: mrs. harry barnes (will be out of the city)
Wife of head of state: mrs. nicolae ceausescu (elena)
STAFF LOCATIONS
Patti
Pete
Carolyn
Mary Lou
Karl
Jeanne
Dick
PRESS INFORMATION
Press hotel Intercontinental
press center location Intercontinental, Ronda ballroom- First floor
staff room tel #
AP
UPI
Network Pool coordntr
USIS message center
SEAL R. FORD LIBRARY
KEY CONTACTS
ADVANCE TEAM
Mrs. Ford DICK Scissors
lead John Gildea
Jack Ford DICK Scissors
press Michael Hoffman
Press Auri Fernandez,
press trnsptn John Dreylinges
ashley Wills
WHCA Ken Pakula
USSS Bob Caughey
pjm
State Jim Walsh
PROPOSED SCHEDULE
MRS. FORD
A.) OPTION I
Saturday, August 2
1545
Arrival at airport
3:45
*
Airport ceremony
1630
Depart airport for motorcade
1715
Arrival at guest house
President and Mrs. Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes
1730
Free time
2100
*
Supper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu
(Entertainment - songs by Romanian choral group
and American Ambassadors for Friendship
choral group.)
B.) OPTION II
1545
Arrival at airport
Airport ceremony
1630
Depart airport for motorcade
1715
Arrival at guest house
President and Mrs. Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes
1745
Depart for visit to Village Museum or childcare center
1900
Return to guest house
Free time
2100
Supper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu
(Entertainment - songs by Romanian choral group
and American Ambassadors for Friendship
choral group.)
STATE
LIBRARY
PROPOSED SCHEDULE
MRS. FORD
2
Sunday, August 3rd
(Depending on Mrs. Ford's wishes visits could
be arranged to one or more of the following: Folkore Museum
Bucur Church and Radu Voicu Monastery, the Antim
Monastery, the National Theatre or a dance class
rehearsal if one is in session.)
A.) OPTION I
In Bucharest
1000
Visit the Village Museum (if not done previous day)
1100
Depart Village Museum for the Piata Unire
1115
Arrive at the Piata Unire
Tour the market place and the Curtea Veche church
1200
Attend folkmusic dances at Hanu lui Manuc
>
(Joined by President Ford)
1230
Depart for luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford
1300
Luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford
1440
Motorcade to airport
1530
Departure
B.) OPTION II
In Snagov
0900
Depart for Urziceni (by helicopter)
SERVICE FORD IDEANY
0930
Arrival in Urziceni
Visit to area heavily damaged by recent flood
PROPOSED SCHEDULE
MRS. FORD
3
1015
Depart for Snagov (by helicopter)
1045
Arrive in Snagov
1115
Tour Snagov Monastery (with President Ford)
1215
Return to Bucharest
1245
Attend meeting of President with American community
and Embassy employees (possibly in Residence garden)
1300
Attend luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford
1440
Motorcade to airport
1530
Departure
C.) OPTION III
In Sinaia
0815
Depart for Sinaia (by helicopter)
0900
Arrive in Sinaia
Walking tour of city
1115
Tour of Peles Castle
1200
Depart for Bucharest
1245
Meeting with American community / and Embassy
employees (possibly in Residence garden)
1300
Luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford
GERAU FORD LIBRARY
1440
Motorcade to airport
1530
Departure
Patty
CITY
BUCHAREST
Dates of Visit August 2 - - 3
U.S. EMBASSY
Ambassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr.
Telephone # 12-40-40 (switchboard)
DCM Richard Viets
Telephone #
PAO Auerilius Fernandez (Auri)
Telephone #
Address
Ashley Wills - Information Officer Joel Levy-Public Affairs (transportation)
Clark Rogers - Administration (hotels)
ADVANCE TEAM
Lead John Gildea
USSS
Bob Caughey
WHCA Ken Pekula
Aide
Press Michael Hoffman
John Dreylinger
HOST COUNTRY OFFICIALS
Agerpresse
Information Officer Tuiu (Sue-You)
Telephone #
min." As%XsXXnt Rosianu & Rusu
Telephone # 14-52-54 & 14-77-65
Secretary/Other
Telephone # respectively
Local TV contact
Telephone #
Local Telephone contact
Telephone #
Local Credentials Contact Ashley Wills
Telephone # 2-40-40
Address
Also with Foreign Ministry is Rolulus Bene.
HOTEL
Name Intercontinental
General Manager
Address 4 Nicolae Balcescu Blvd.
PR Person
Telephone # 13-70-40 or 14-04-00
Security Officer
Cable
Telex # 011-541-542
PRESS CENTER
Location in Hotel Intercontinental Hotel - Ronda Ballroom, 1st floor.
Telex location Intim Room 1st floor
GREATE
Staff Office Location Rapsodia Room, 1st floor
Briefing Room (if different from press center)
Secure Storage Room
CITY BUCHAREST
PRESS CENTER FACILITIES
Long Distance Telephones
20
Are they broadcast quality?
Telex
15
Limit on copy accepted?
Runners
Couriers
Film shipment arrangements
Payment: Collect Calls?
yes
International credit cards?
yes
going through the local operators slows calls immesurably 1111
COURTESIES
Bar & flod will be available set up right outside the ballroom
Bar: Location
Hours of Operation
Gratis
Cash XXXXX
Food: Availability
Hours of availability
Gratis
Cash XXXXX
Places to eat in hotel restaurants in hotel but service is slow
Currency Exchange Desk: Hours of Operation Cashier at hotel-one exchange rate
Arrival
Departure for everyone.
Message Center: Hours of Operation
Paging System yes
Special phone # or thru hotel switchboard thru switchboard
Bulletin Board yes for messages & pos tings
Check cashing facilities: In Hotel
American Express nearby
Primarily for staff cashing perdiem checks.
USIS
Transportation Officer Joel Levy
Telephone # 12-40-40(switchboard)
Press Center Officer Auri & Ashley
Telephone
#
Baggage Officer Christian (?)
Telephone
Hotel Officer Joel Levy & Ashley
Telephone #
RESPONSIBILITIES:
BEFORE R. FORD LIBRARY
1. Press Kits available.
2. Interpreters available.
Yes
3.
Buses available.
al.
4.
Manning of wire machines, clip every half hour,
put in folders marked:
"Domestic, " "Foreign, " and "President's Trip" give to designated person
in Press Secretary's office.
CITY BUCHAREST
5. Message Center.
6. Make releases, postings and pool reports available on bulletin board and extras.
7. Clocks, 2, Eastern time and Local time.
8. Coordinate with Embassy personnel to send back to Washington information
for Press Books: Principle officials' bios; color background on places the
President will visit, stay, and rooms in which meetings will be conducted.
9. XEROX machines
10. Press room lists made available
11. Guest Lists.
12. Menus.
13. Motorpool dispatcher for Press Office (6 cars).
CREDENTIALS REQUIREMENTS
Once again, we NEED lists of passport #'s,
nationality of passport, Date of birth, organization
Passports
Visas hoping for "block"visas for press
# of pictures required
Local country credentials yes-need list
# of pictures required
Special pool passes
probably
White House press passes accepted yes-with other credentials
Third country restrictions?
Auri Fernandez needs the list of passports etc
to be able to negotiate
POWER for the block visas at the airport and to work on getting credentials in advance.
Volts/Cycle 220/50
Type of plug (number and shape of prongs) two pront round - they are recessed in
Converters & adapter plugs available yes
the wall so
should bring special plug adapters.
WEATHER
Temperature: High 80's
Low
60's
Percipitation outlook
rain
Special clothing considerations
B.
DRESS
Any special dress requirements for press and/or Press Office staff?
Formal wear for any pool events
Dark suit
FORD LIBRAR
CITY
BUCHAREST
AIRPORT
OTOPENI AIRPORT
Where do press planes land
How do press get to press area:
walk
buses
Press area location
Airport Manager
Telephone #
Airport Security
Telephone #
Facilities:
Long Distance telephones
10
Telex
Runners/Couriers
Film Shipment
Coverage
Crowd situation expectation
any efforts made
Unusual requirements for cameras? dollies? moving?
Names of greeters
Names of welcoming groups (bands, honor guards etc.
)
MOTORCADE
Crowd situation expectation
Number of press buses in motorcade hope to
USIS interpreter on each bus
yes
FINANCES (Who pays? White House, Local Government, USIS)
Press Center
Wire machines (AP, UPI, Reuters)
food/bar
Press Offices
Pool cars we negotiate
Baggage trucks we negotiate
Buses
Choppers
Communications
Camera platforms
All bills must receive White House approval before payment is made by USIS.
CITY BUCHAREST
TRANSPORTATION
Motor Pool Cars (6)
Wire Cars
Camera Cars
Buses for 150
4 - 2.5 ton baggage trucks
Airplane crew minibuses
SITE LOCATION
Site address
Site Contact
Telephone #
Site Contact
Telephone #
Camera platform
Lighting
Number of press allowed
Size of pools
Request color background of meeting rooms (historic significance, description,
setting etc...) and places the President will visit.
0
LIBRARY BERALD FORD"
SUMMARY SCHEDULE
DATE
MRS. FORD
JACK FORD
Sat 7/26
8:45p
Arrive BONN
Arrive BONN
9:30p
Arrive guest res. (Schloss
Arrive guest res. (Schloss
Gymnich)
Gymnich)
Night tour of Cologne
Sun 7/27
Boar hunt (3-6am)
8:45a
Depart guest res. w/President
9:30a
Arrival Ceremony (Schaumberg)
10:00a
Tea w/Mrs. Schmidt (Tea House)
Staff time following at Schmidt
Residence
12:00n
Lunch w/Mrs. Scheel (Hammerschmidt)
Depart guest res. enroute
Schaumberg helopad
1:30p
Depart enroute guest res.
Depart w/Pres to Ayers
2:15p
Arrive guest res.
Kaserne (1:15-4:45p)
6:35p
Depart guest res. w/President
Depart guest res. w/staff
7:15p
Courtesy Call on Scheels
7:30p
State Dinner, aboard boat
State Dinner, aboard boat
Mon 7/28
8:55a
Depart guest res. w/President
Depart guest res. w/Pres.
9:45a
Departure Ceremony, at airport
Departure Ceremony,
10:00a
Depart BONN
Depart BONN
11:45a
Arrive WARSAW
Arrive WARSAW
Arrival Ceremony at airport
Arrival Ceremony
1:00p
Arrive guest res. (Wilanow) &
Arrive guest res.
courtesy tea
1:40p
Depart guest res.
Depart guest res.
2:00p
State Luncheon, at Council of
State Luncheon
Ministers Bldg. (ROMANIAN)
Tour of Old Town w/President
Tour of Old Town
4:25p
Depart enroute guest res.
Depart enroute guest res.
4:50p
Arrive guest res.
Arrive guest res.
8:30p
State Dinner, at Wilanow (US)
Pool party at Amb's res.
PAGE 2
DATE
MRS. FORD
JACK FORD
Tues 7/29
8:35a
Depart guest res. w/Pres.
9:00a
Depart Warsaw
Depart Warsaw
9:45a
Arrive KRAKOW
Arrive KRAKOW
10:10a
Visit Colegium Amius
Visit Colegium Amius
11:15a
Depart enroute castle
Walk over to Town Square
11:20a
Arrive Wawel Castle
Staff time til 12:30p
12:30p
Luncheon at Wawel Castle (US)
Luncheon at Wawel Castle
2:00p
Depart castle w/Pres
Depart castle w/Pres
2:30p
Departure Ceremony, Krakow
Departure Ceremony
2:35p
Depart KRAKOW
Depart KRAKOW
6:00p
Arrive HELSINKI
Arrive HELSINKI
6:50p
Arrive USEmb. res.
Arrive USEmb. res.
Wed 7/30
11:50a
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
12:00n
Opening session CSCE, Finlandia
Opening session CSCE,
Hall
Finlandia Hall
12:30p
Depart Finlandia Hall
Depart Finlandia Hall
(7)
Open Afternoon
Trip into the country
7:50p
Depart Emb. res:
8:00p
Ladies Dinner, at Smolna.
ron - in the country
Thurs 7/31
10:50a
Depart Emb. res.
Return to Helsinki in am
11:00a
Arrive City Hall for tour of
Helsinki sites (Official
(7)
Womens Program)
12:30p
Boat ride
Sailing
1:15p
Lunch at Walhalla (island restaurant)
3:30p
Depart by boat ride
4:10p
Arrive Emb. res.
7:30p/
Govt' Reception w/Pres
Gov't Reception w/Pres.
9:30p
at Kalastajatorppa restaurant
PAGE 3
DATE
MRS. FORD
JACK FORD
Fri 8/1
9:15a
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
9:25a
Arrive Finlandia Hall
Arrive Finlandia Hall
9:30a
CSCE session
CSCE session
11:00a
Depart Finlandia Hall
Depart Finlandia Hall
Open Afternoon
Visit to Forest Products
Co.
Open Evening
Open Evening
Sat 8/2
11:40a
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
Depart Emb. res. w/Pres
12:10p
Arrive airport
Arrive airport
12:15p
Depart HELSINKI
Depart HELSINKI
3:30p
Arrive BUCHAREST
Arrive BUCHAREST
Arrival Ceremony, at airport
Arrival Ceremony
4:10p
Depart for guest res. (Spring
Depart for guest res.
Palace)
4:55p
Arrive guest res. & visit w/
Mrs. Ceausescu (til 5:15p)
8:10p
Depart guest res.
8:20p
State Dinner, at Palace of the
Republic
Marine House in pm
Sun 8/3
Depart guest res. w/Pres
cable reference
Arrive USEmb. Res. for mtg w/
Embassy staff
bucharest 3573
Depart for SINAIA
Depart for SINAIA
Arrive SINAIA
Arrive SINAIA
Motor/walking tour & church
Motor/walking tour &
p.2.
visit w/Pres
Church visit w/Pres
subj: David's PP 3 travels 13:15 Tour of castle
Kiss' of
COVEY
PAGE 4
DATE
MRS. FORD
JACK FORD
Sun 8/3 (cont)
Depart SINAIA
Depart SINAIA
Arrive Bucharest Airport
Arrive Bucharest Airport
Depart BUCHAREST
Depart BUCHAREST
5:20p
Arrive BELGRADE
Arrive BELGRADE
Arrival Ceremony, at airport
Arrival Ceremony
6:40p
Arrive guest res. (Old Palace)
Arrive guest res.
8:45p
Depart guest res.
Depart guest res.
8:55p
Arrive Fed. Office Building
Arrive Fed. Office Bldg.
9:00p
State Dinner, at Fed. Office
State Dinner, at Red.
Building
Office Bldg.
Mon 8/4
Wreath laying Ceremony
(lla)
Lunch w/Madame Broz, at
Attend Pres' working lunch
5:25p
Depart guest res. w/Pres
Depart guest res. w/Pres.
5:50p
Arrive airport
Arrive airport
Departure Ceremony
Departure Ceremony
6:00p
Depart BELGRADE enroute U.S.
Depart BLEGRADE enroute US
S. werdenfeldt
August 2, 1975
1701
0145
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL INFORMATION
Welcome to the Intercontinental Hotel. We hope your
stay will be *most enjoyable. If you have any questions
call Mr. Wayman in the State Control Room by dialing "9"
on the hotel phone and then asking for Room 1521, or by
asking your White House operator for the "Control Room. "
VISITORS" CENTER
For your convenience, a visitors' center is located
in Room 1522.
ROOM SERVICE
Room service is available 24 hours a day. Dial "2"
on the hotel phone in your room. English is spoken.
MEALS IN HOTEL
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
6:30 am
12:00 pm
TRANSPORTATION
During your stay in Bucharest, you will have use of
assigned vehicle # Ask the White House operator for
the Intercontinental Dispatcher" or dial "9" on the hotel
phone and ask for "2060."
background
notes
Romania
department of state
*
april 1975
OFFICIAL NAME: Socialist Republic of Romania
GEOGRAPHY
eastern regions of the middle Danube
for Russian expansion in the Balkans
basin. It lies on either side of the
and the Mediterranean basin.
Extending inland halfway across
mountain system-the Carpathians and
Romania's location gives it a def-
the Balkan Peninsula and covering a
the Transylvanian Alps-which forms,
initely continental climate, partic-
large elliptical area of 91,699 square
with the Balkan Mountains, the nat-
ularly in the Old Kingdom (that part
miles, Romania occupies the greater
ural barrier between the two Danube
east of the Carpathians and south of
part of the V-shaped lower basin of
basins. In the past two centuries
the Transylvanian Alps), where tem-
the Danube River system and the hilly
Romania has served as the natural gate
peratures approximate the extremes of
the Russian climate, and to a lesser
degree in Transylvania, where the cli-
PROFILE
Supreme Court, county courts, people's
mate is more moderate. A long and at
courts.
times severe winter (December-March),
Geography
FLAG: Three vertical bands from left to
a hot summer (April-July), and a pro-
right-blue for sky, yellow for wealth of soil,
AREA: 91,699 sq. mi. (somewhat small-
longed autumn (August-November)-
red for courage. Centered is a coat of arms
er than N.Y. and Pa. combined). PERIM-
depicting mountain forest and wheat field,
these are the three principal seasons
ETER: Land 1,845 mi. Sea 140 mi. CAP-
with a red star atop the emblem.
of the year. The change from winter to
ITAL: Bucharest (pop. 1.6 million).
summer is so rapid that there is very
OTHER CITIES: Cluj (208,125), Timisoara
Economy
little springtime. At Bucharest the
(199,987), Iasi (193,998).
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP):
daily minimum temperature in Jan-
$34.1 billion (1973, in 1972 prices). AN-
uary averages 20°F and the daily max-
People
NUAL GROWTH RATE: 8.8% (1973). PER
imum in July averages 85° F.
CAPITA INCOME: $1,630.
POPULATION: 20.9 million (1974 est).
AGRICULTURE: Land 63%. Labor
PEOPLE
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE: .96%. DEN-
42%. Products-corn, wheat, oil seeds,
SITY: 228 per sq. mi. ETHNIC GROUPS:
potatoes.
Romanians (87.7%), Magyar (8.5%), Ger-
About 88 percent of the people are
INDUSTRY: Labor 28%. Products-
mans (2%), Jews, Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians,
ethnically Romanian, a group which, in
power, mining, forestry, construction mate-
Greeks, Turks. RELIGIONS: Romanian
contrast to that of Slav or Magyar
rials, metal producing and processing, chem-
Orthodox (80%), Roman Catholic (9%),
icals, machine building, food processing,
(Hungarian) neighbors, is traced back
Calvinist, Jewish, Lutheran. LANGUAGES:
textiles.
to ancestors closely related to the
Romanian (85%), Hungarian, German.
NATURAL RESOURCES: Oil, timber,
French, Italians, Spanish, and other
LITERACY: 98%. LIFE EXPECTANCY:
natural gas, coal.
"Latins." As a result, the Romanian
70 yrs.
TRADE: Exports-$3.74 billion (1973):
language, although containing many
foodstuffs, lumber, fuel, manufactures.
elements of Slavic, Turkish, and other
Government
Imports-$3.5 billion (1973): machinery,
origins, is loosely related to those of
equipment, rolled steel, iron ore, coke and
France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.
TYPE: Communist. DATE OF CONSTI-
coking coal, cotton. Partners-Soviet Union,
Romania was a Roman colony during
TUTION: August 21, 1965. POLITICAL
Federal Republic of Germany.
the first and second centuries, and
SUBDIVISIONS: 40 Counties (includes city
OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE: 12
of Bucharest).
modern Romanians consider them-
lei=US$1 (Jan. 1975).
BRANCHES: Executive-President
MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL
selves descendants of the Roman civil-
(Chief of State), Prime Minister (Head of
ORGANIZATIONS: U.N. and most of its
ization. Hungarian and German are
Government), Council of Ministers. Legisla-
specialized agencies, Council of Mutual
also spoken in the country.
tive-unicameral Grand National Assembly
Economic Assistance (CEMA), Warsaw Pact,
The minority population resides in
(GNA) and its Council of State. Judicial-
Danube Commission, Interpol.
Transylvania or areas to the north and
30
3
Beregoya
U.S.S.R.
48
Halmeu
Romania was considered the most
provided for substantial payments of
Bel'tsy
READING LIST
Satu
Baia Mare
Gallicized; the French language, along
war reparations to the Soviet Union.
Debrecen
Mare
*Botosani
Suceava
U.S.S.R.
with Romanian, was compulsory in
Soviet occupation forces supported
These titles are provided as a general
the schools. In 1948 the Romanian
Communist organizers, and the non-
indication of the material currently be-
Government closed all French and
Berettyóújfalu
Fascist, non-Communist political
ing published on this country. The De-
Oradea
Zalau
Bistrita
lasi
Kishinev
other Western-operated schools and
leaders were purged. In March 1945
partment of State does not endorse the
Piatra
Neamt
took stringent measures to eliminate
King Michael was forced to appoint a
specific views in unofficial publications
HUNGARY
Apahida
all French and other Western cultural
as representing the position of the U.S.
Communist-front government which
Government.
Cluj
Vaslui.
and educational influences from the
Tirgu Mures
Bacau,
called for elections in November of
Vascau
country, substituting in their place the
that year and consolidated Communist
American University. Area Hand-
Szeged
Miercurea Ciuc
Teius
Russian language and Soviet institu-
power. The King abdicated under pres-
book for Romania. Washington,
Arad
Brad
Sinnicolaul
46
tions. At present, however, Russian is
sure in December 1947 when the Ro-
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Alba lulia,
Mare
no longer compulsory, and French and
manian People's Republic was declared.
Office, 1972.
OIL
Deva
Sibiu
Sfintu
English are widely studied.
Bolgrad
With their accession to power, the
Cretzianu, Alexander, ed. Captive
Timisoara
Gheorghe
Focsani,
Romania was an independent king-
Communists effectively subordinated
Romania. New York: Praeger,
Brasov
Galati
dom from 1881 until December 30,
national Romanian interests to those
1956.
Resita.
Braila
1947, when the Communist-domin-
of the U.S.S.R. Since late 1961, how-
Fischer-Galati, Stephen A. The New
Vršac
Cimpina
Buzãu,
Tulcea
ated government forced the abdication
ever, Romanian communism has
Romania. Cambridge: Massachu-
Rimnicu
Tirgu Jiu,
Filimon
Vilcea
Sirbu
of young King Michael. Before 1947
assumed an increasingly nationalistic
setts Institute of Technology
[irgoviste
BELGRADE
Ploiesti
Pitesti
Giurgeni
Romania had a series of governments
cast. On April 22, 1964, the govern-
Press, 1967.
Turnu,Severin
Sanify
BLACK
dominated by a land-owning aristo-
ment in effect declared its political
Fischer-Galati, Stephen A., ed.
Velika
Ialomifa
Slobozia
SEA
cracy, based only nominally on a lib-
independence of the Soviet Union, and
Romania. New York: Praeger,
*
(Slatina
BUCHAREST
eral constitutional system, with a de
a change in Romania's foreign policy
1957.
Craiova
Constanta
facto limitation of suffrage. In the
has resulted.
Floyd, David. Rumania-Russia's
44
44
1930's an anti-Semitic, anti-Soviet,
A new Constitution was adopted in
Dissident Ally. New York: Prae-
Alexandria* Giurgiu
Negru/Voda
Fascist Iron Guard movement first
1965. It provided that the name of the
ger, 1965.
Paracin
Turnu Măgurele
Ruse
threatened and then achieved control
country be changed to the Socialist
Hale, Julian. Ceausescu's Romania.
Nikopol
of the government, taking Romania
Republic of Romania.
London: Harkar, 1971.
ROMANIA
into World War II on the side of the
In February 1968 a sweeping re-
Byala
Ionescu, Ghita. Communism in
Nis
Axis Powers. A Social Democratic
BULGARIA
International boundary
organization of the administrative
Rumania, 1944-1962. London:
YUGOSLAVIA
*
National capital
Party, which controlled the small labor
structure and territorial division was
Oxford University Press, 1964.
Railroad
movement, was tolerated by the mon-
carried out. The new territorial divi-
Road
Jowitt, Kenneth. Revolutionary
archy but never had political power.
0
50
sion was reminiscent of that existing
25
75
100 Miles
Breakthroughs and National
SOFIA
A coup d'etat led by King Michael
before the imposition of the Soviet-
Development: The Case of Ro-
0
25
50
75
100
Kilometers
and opposition politicians, with the
style regime.
mania, 1944-1965. Berkeley:
support of the army, deposed the Iron
22
26
University of California Press,
Guard dictatorship on August 23,
GOVERNMENT
1971.
517528 2-75
1944 (Romania's national holiday).
Montias, John Michael. The Eco-
An armistice, secretly negotiated in
Romania is governed by a central-
nomic Development of Ro-
west of Transylvania. Among the prin-
following a policy designed to disperse
HISTORY
advance at Cairo, was signed Sep-
ized executive appointed by the legis-
mania. Cambridge: Massachu-
cipal minorities are the Hungarians,
and assimilate these minorities grad-
tember 12 and brought Romanian
lative branch, the Grand National
setts Institute of Technology
ually despite their desires for a degree
Romania has had 23 centuries of
forces into the war, on the side of the
Germans, and Jews, with smaller
Assembly. Real power, however, lies in
Press, 1967.
numbers of Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians,
of communal autonomy. The Jewish
violent and dramatic history. From
Allies, against the Germans in Tran-
the leadership of the Romanian Com-
Roberts, Henry L. Rumania. New
Greeks, and Turks.
community has been reduced in recent
about 200 B.C., when it was first
sylvania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
munist Party (RCP; until July 1965,
Haven: Yale University Press,
Before World War II minorities
years as a result of emigration to
colonized by the Dacians (a Thracian
The peace treaty, signed at Paris on
the Romanian Workers' Party), and
1951.
represented more than 28 percent of
Israel.
tribe), to the present day this territory
February 10, 1947, and entered into
this leading role of the party has been
Seton-Watson, R. W. A History of
the total, but that percentage was
Religious allegiances generally fol-
has been the scene of many invasions
force on September 14, 1947, con-
written into the Constitution.
the Romanians from the Roman
halved in large part by the loss of the
low ethnic lines with about 80 percent
and many migrations. It has been con-
firmed the Soviet annexation of
The three principal branches of the
Times to the Completion of
border areas of Bessarabia and north-
of all Romanians nominally belonging
quered and ruled by various peoples
Bessarabia and northern Bukovina,
government are the Grand National
Unity. Cambridge: Cambridge
ern Bukovina (to the U.S.S.R.) and
to the Romanian Orthodox Church.
who have left their mark on the coun-
originally occupied after a 1940 ulti-
Assembly with its Council of State; an
University Press, 1939.
southern Dobruja (to Bulgaria), as well
The Greek Catholic or Uniate Church,
try and its inhabitants. Today the
matum to Romania, and ceded a
executive consisting of a Council of
as by postwar expulsions of ethnic
to which about 10 percent of the
Romanians form an island between the
largely Bulgar-populated area of south-
Ministers, operating ministries, and
population for regular terms of 5 years
Germans. However, in Transylvania,
populace belonged, was incorporated
Slavic and the Hungarian peoples.
ern Dobruja to Bulgaria. It also re-
state committees; and a judiciary.
which may be extended in times of
which was part of pre-1918 Hungary,
into the Romanian Orthodox Church
Before the postwar Communist
incorporated into Romania that
Like the 1952 Constitution which
emergency.
Romania retains areas where the
by fiat in 1948. Roman Catholics,
regime, Romania looked to the West-
portion of northern Transylvania
it replaced, the Constitution of 1965
Although the GNA is theoretically
ethnic "minority" sometimes makes
largely Magyar, constitute about 9 per-
ern countries, particularly France, for
granted to Hungary in 1940 under the
provides for a unicameral Grand
the primary legislative body of the
up three-fourths of the local popula-
cent of the population; Calvinists,
cultural, educational, scientific, and
Second Vienna Award imposed by
National Assembly (GNA). Its 349
Socialist Republic of Romania and the
tion and is therefore politically signif-
Jews, and Lutherans comprise most of
social inspiration and development.
German and Italian arbitration be-
members are elected from single-
"supreme organ of state power," until
icant. The Romanian Government is
the remaining 11 percent.
Among all the Balkan countries,
tween Romania and Hungary and
member electoral precincts of equal
recently it met for only a few days
5
4
altering the territorial divisions of the
Following the July 1972 National
Principal Government Officials
government and its policies. Increasing
has abundant natural resources, good
TRAVEL NOTES
country; and granting amnesties. The
Party Conference, several combined
party and state bodies were formed to
President-Nicolae Ceausescu
numbers of persons from those strata
possibilities for expansion, and a Com-
GNA follows party policies on all
Prime Minister-Manea Manescu
previously most antagonistic to the
munist government determined to
Many foreign tourist agencies arrange
these matters.
control a wide variety of party and
travel and hotel reservations in advance
The bulk of the legislative work is
government activities, further eroding
Vice President of Council of State-
system-intellectuals and agricultural
show continued impressive growth
for groups or individuals. The official
performed by the Council of State, a
Emil Bodnaras
workers-have joined the Romanian
rates and maintain a large measure of
the authority of the Council of Min-
permanent body elected from and by
isters. The Supreme Council for
Minister of Foreign Affairs-George
Communist Party. The party's mem-
political and economic independence.
Romanian travel agency, Carpati, has an
office at 500 5th Ave., Room 328, New
Macovescu
bership rose in 1965-73 from 1.3 mil-
Romania has one of the highest annual
the GNA for the duration of the
Economic and Social Development,
York City.
Assembly's mandate and until the time
headed by President Ceausescu, was
Minister of Foreign Trade-Ion Patan
lion to almost 2.4 million, representing
GNP growth rates in Europe (8.8
Visas are available, without fee, from
a new Council is elected by a new
established in 1973 to coordinate
Ambassador to the U.S.-Corneliu
almost 20 percent of the total popula-
percent in 1973).
Romanian Consulates or on arrival. Be
GNA. It acts when the GNA is not in
Bogdan
tion.
social and economic planning-both
Its main economic goals are the
aware, however, of a recently enacted
session. The Council consists of a
short and long term. Other new party
Ambassador to the U.N.-Ion Datcu
The political leadership since the
rapid development of industrial capa-
requirement that each visitor spend the
equivalent of $10 in hard currency each
president, four vice presidents, 22
and state organs are the Council for
late 1950's has been remarkably
city and output, especially in heavy
day in Romania. Retain receipts for all
members, and a secretary elected by
Social and Economic Organizations (to
Romania maintains an Embassy in
stable, and the passage of power from
industry; continued state ownership of
and from its members. The Council is
control the size and functions of min-
the United States at 1607 23d Street,
long-time party/government chief
industrial facilities and collectivization
money exchanges and other expend-
of agriculture; rapid improvement of
itures carefully for presentation on de-
constitutionally accountable for all its
istries and economic enterprises) and
NW., Washington, D.C. 20008.
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who died in
the Central Council of Workers' Con-
1965, to Nicolae Ceausescu was
technology and diversification of
parture.
activities to the GNA. Its president is
Climate-Romania has hot Mediter-
the President of the Republic. On
trol over Economic and Social Ac-
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
evidently smooth and uncomplicated.
industrial production; and, since 1963,
tivities (to police fulfillment of Eco-
Ceausescu's 10 years in office (party
reduction of economic dependence on
ranean summers and rather cold winters
March 28, 1974, Nicolae Ceausescu
with low humidity.
was elected to this position as the
nomic Plan targets).
Romanians are accustomed, from
chief since 1965, Chief of State since
any single country or group of coun-
Health-Normal immunization precau-
country's first President.
As defined by the Constitution, the
long experience, to the rule of small
December 1967 and President of the
tries through an expansion of trade
tions include smallpox, tetanus, typhus,
Within constitutional limits, the
functions of the judiciary are limited
minorities susceptible to the influence
Republic since 1974) have been char-
with many states.
to "defending the Socialist order and
of outsiders. The transition immedi-
acterized, on the domestic scene, by a
Most of the increase in GNP has
typhoid/paratyphoid, and polio.
Council has the power to issue decrees
and decisions with the force of law.
personal rights, educating citizens to
ately after World War II from the pro-
slowly improving living standard and
come from growth of industrial pro-
Telecommunications-Local telephone
service is automatic and fairly depend-
The other powers of the Council
the respect of law," and, by applying
German dictatorship of Ion Antonescu
popular acceptance of the independent
duction, which has more than doubled
able. International telephone and tele-
closely parallel those of the GNA.
sanctions, "reeducating lawbreakers
to the dictatorship of Moscow-trained
foreign policy of the Romanian leader-
since 1959. This has been a result of
graph connections are generally good,
Since the Assembly only meets a few
and preventing the commission of new
Communists was relatively rapid.
ship.
the high priority placed on the main
but there may be delays in placing calls.
days each year, the "power of state" is
infractions." None of the courts-the
Internally, the new government fol-
There has been no evidence of any
economic goals; high rate of invest-
Transportation-Bucharest has many in-
actually exercised by the Council.
Supreme Court, the county courts, the
lowed the Soviet example of agricul-
prospective change in Romania's
ment at the expense of consumption;
expensive, but often crowded, buses and
people's courts, etc.-has the authority
tural collectivization and forced indus-
policy of independence within the
The Constitution defines the
increased availabilities of inputs from
Communist system, its neutrality in
streetcars. Taxis are fairly inexpensive.
Council of Ministers as the "supreme
to review the constitutionality of laws.
trialization accompanied by a re-
agriculture and imports; growth of the
Driving to Bucharest from December
The Supreme Court guarantees uni-
modeling of the state along totalitarian
the Sino-Soviet dispute, or its active
administrative organ" of the state. The
industrial labor force; and large
through February is not advised, as
Council is formally appointed by and
formity of procedures by supervision
Communist lines.
development of relations with non-
imports of advanced technology and
mountain passes can be hazardous.
and decision in procedural matters.
A general "de-Russification" of the
Communist governments. Responsible
theoretically subordinate to the
equipment, particularly from indus-
Otherwise, the main roads are reasonably
Assembly. In fact, however, it exe-
The Supreme Court is elected anew
country began in 1961 as the Roman-
officials have repeatedly declared that
trialized non-Communist countries.
good. Rail and air facilities are also avail-
cutes the policies established by the
by each GNA and is responsible to it
ian leadership displayed increasing
these policies will be continued.
The backwardness of agriculture
able for both domestic and international
leadership of the Communist Party.
and, between sessions, to the Council
independence of the Soviet Union.
and the low productivity of agricul-
travel. The daily Wiener-Walzer Express
of State. Theoretically, judges and
The growth of political nationalism in
tural labor continue to be serious eco-
and the Orient Express from Vienna take
The Council is composed of the Prime
ECONOMY
roughly 20 hours to reach Bucharest.
Minister (Head of Government), vice
assessors (lay judges) are independent
recent years has been accomplished by
nomic problems in Romania. The agri-
premiers (presently seven), and min-
and subject only to the law.
some relaxation of internal restric-
After the Communist takeover in
cultural sector has recently received
isters and heads of various other cen-
The office of the Chief Public
tions-evidenced most concretely by
1945, Romania set up a command
much greater attention. The govern-
tral administrative organs.
Prosecutor, an important institution
the 1964 and 1967 amnesties which
economy, patterned after the highly
ment's 1971-75 economic plan called
each year and, in practice, performed
little actual legislative work. It dis-
The Constitution gives the Council
borrowed from the U.S.S.R., is also
released nearly all political prisoners
centralized and controlled Soviet
for an ambitious increase of 11-12 per-
cussed briefly the main laws placed
of Ministers extensive powers to carry
given constitutional status. The Chief
and reduced or rescinded prison sen-
model. A conservative economic
cent annually in industrial production,
before it and normally adopted them
out the state economic plan, manage
Public Prosecutor is vested with the
tences of others. As its dependence on
reform aimed primarily at improved
but the plan was revised in late 1972
unanimously. Since 1969 the GNA's
the country's economy, insure public
"supreme supervisory power to insure
Soviet backing has decreased, the gov-
planning and management rather than
to raise these figures slightly. Emphasis
sessions have been somewhat more
order, defend the interests of the state,
the observance of the law by ministries
ernment's attention to the problem of
structural or substantive changes was
will remain on heavy industry, but the
protect the rights of the citizens, run
and other central organs, by the local
popular support has increased. Re-
introduced in 1968. Romania is a
plan does call for a substantial increase
lengthy. There has been some open
debate and small numbers of votes
the country's armed forces and mili-
organs of state power and administra-
cently there has been stress on assuring
member of the Council for Mutual
in resources devoted to agriculture.
tary conscription, conduct foreign
tion, as well as by officials and other
the legality of security methods, but
against government measures. It is pre-
Economic Assistance (CEMA), but in
Among the East European coun-
mature, however, to state that the
affairs, and suspend decisions of the
citizens," and is appointed by each
the extensive police and internal
keeping with its nationalistic and rela-
tries Romania is second only to Poland
GNA is evolving into a truly demo-
county people's councils which do not
Assembly for a term equal to that of
security apparatus has maintained a
tively independent foreign economic
in area and population and has long
cratic parliament. The GNA is charged
conform to the law. In the fulfillment
the Assembly.
powerful impact on Romanian life.
policy, Romania maintains its right to
been one of the important corn and
with electing the President of the Re-
of its functions, the Council of Min-
For territorial/administrative pur-
Since 1864 the Romanians have per-
decide on participation or nonpartici-
wheat growing countries of Europe
public, the Council of State, the
isters is authorized to issue decisions
poses, Romania is divided into 39
mitted a sharp increase in cultural rela-
pation in CEMA multilateral activ-
and an important producer of oil,
Supreme Court, the Chief Public
and orders. In March 1969 a Defense
counties and the city of Bucharest.
tions with the West, although the level
ities, and it has resisted supranational
timber, and more recently of natural
Prosecutor, and the Council of Min-
Council was formally set up to take
Each county is governed by a People's
remains low in absolute terms.
planning on the ground that planning
gas. The principal emphasis of postwar
isters. Its other powers include amend-
over many of the prerogatives of the
Council, whose chairman is also the
Emphasis on Romanian national
is a national prerogative.
economic programs has been on heavy
ing the Constitution; creating, abolish-
Council of Ministers with regard to
First Secretary of the county's Com-
interests and traditions has been met
Although still one of the least de-
industry, including power, mining,
ing, merging, and renaming ministries;
defense matters.
munist Party organization.
by growing popular acceptance of the
veloped countries of Europe, Romania
forestry operations, construction
6
7
materials, metal production and pro-
Romania's second largest trading part-
The Romanians describe their for-
the legations in both countries to
Romanian library in New York. The
sescu again visited the United States. In
cessing, chemicals, and machine build-
ner is the Federal Republic of Ger-
eign policy as one of amicable rela-
embassies. Limited progress on prob-
American cultural center, opened in
addition to talks with President Nixon
ing. These industries now account for
many. Since 1960 Romania has re-
tions with all countries, regardless of
lems involving divided families and
1972, contains a well-stocked library
and Secretary Kissinger, he met with
about three-fifths of the gross indus-
ceived substantial credits from Western
differing social systems; noninter-
dual nationals has since been made,
of American literature and reference
congressional leaders and with officials
trial output. The rapid expansion of
Europe. Romania's economic national-
ference in the internal affairs of other
but this remains a difficult issue.
materials, exhibition rooms, and a
of leading American financial institu-
machine building is a key part of the
ism and refusal to resign itself to a role
states; the pursuit of peace; and the
The volume of two-way trade has
theater for concerts, stage and film
tions. During the visit a joint U.S.-
industrial process; that industry alone
as supplier of unfinished or semifin-
advancement of Romanian national
risen from approximately $2 million
showings, and lectures.
Romanian Statement of Principles and
accounts for about one-fourth of the
ished products to the Communist bloc
interests. The record bears them out.
in 1963 to slightly over $400 million
In the spring and summer of 1970
an agreement on the establishment of
gross industrial product.
is a primary cause of its estrangement
They have maintained proper relations
in 1974. Trade relations began to
Romania was hit by a series of disas-
a U.S.-Romanian Economic Commis-
Light industry occupies a relative
from the Soviet Union.
with the Soviets while rejecting Soviet
improve after the favorable revision of
terous floods. The prompt and gen-
sion were signed. In November 1974
position in the economy much dimin-
domination both directly and indi-
U.S. export licensing procedures for
erous response of the U.S. Govern-
Secretary Kissinger visited Bucharest
ished from prewar years when it sup-
rectly. They have given at least
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Romania in 1964. Subsequently there
ment and private Americans to
at the invitation of Foreign Minister
plied about two-thirds rather than the
implicit support to national Commu-
has been a steady increase in the
Romania's plight has been a highly
Macovescu. During this visit the two
present two-fifths of industrial output.
Since the early 1960's Romania has
nist regimes in preference to those that
number of Romanian economic del-
important contribution to U.S.-
governments reaffirmed the Statement
Food processing and textiles lead light
increasingly asserted its national sov-
appear over-responsive to Soviet policy.
egations to the United States and of
Romanian relations.
of Principles and the joint Statement
industry, with production and com-
ereignty and has sought closer ties
Their participation in Soviet-sponsored
visits to Romania by U.S. economic
In October 1970 President
on Economic, Industrial, and
sumption of durable consumer goods
international Communist activities has
with non-Communist countries. Major
officials and businessmen. In 1971
Ceausescu combined attendance at the
Technical Cooperation signed in 1973
being rather low. Consumer goods are
disputes with the U.S.S.R. have arisen
been unpredictable. Their former For-
U.S. export controls were liberalized
25th Anniversary Session of the
and agreed to open discussions for the
receiving somewhat more attention in
over Soviet proposals in 1962 to sub-
eign Minister, Corneliu Manescu, was
even further, and following congres-
United Nations with an extensive visit
negotiation of a trade agreement as
current plans, but continued heavy
the first Communist official ever to be
ordinate Romanian economic develop-
sional authorization, the President
of the United States which included
well as one on long-term economic
emphasis on a high rate of investment
elected President of the U.N. General
ment to a supranational planning body
designated Romania as eligible for U.S.
talks in Washington with President
cooperation.
sharply limits expansion in this area.
within CEMA. In a "declaration of
Assembly.
Export-Import Bank credits and facil-
Nixon. The exchange of visits between
Although not as dependent on
Romania is a member of the Gen-
Principal U.S. Officials
independence" of April 22, 1964, the
ities. Early in 1972 Overseas Private
Presidents Ceausescu and Nixon were
foreign trade as other East European
Romanian leadership sharply criticized
eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade;
Investment Corporation (OPIC) facil-
followed by a significant increase in
Ambassador-Harry G. Barnes, Jr.
countries and largely self-sufficient in
these proposals and emphasized the
it joined the International Monetary
visits by American cabinet officers and
Deputy Chief of Mission-Richard N.
foodstuffs and fuels, the development
Fund and the International Bank for
ities were granted providing for guar-
right of each Communist Party to
antees of U.S. private investments in
Romanian ministers, parliamentarians
Viets
of Romanian industry requires imports
work out its own policies in all fields
Reconstruction and Development in
Romania.
of the two countries, governors and
Army Attache-Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell
of technology, machinery, equipment,
on the basis of national self-interest.
December 1972. Although a member
High-level contracts between U.S.
mayors, and leaders in education,
Air Attache-Lt, Col. Jerome F. Welsh
and industrial materials, principally
Romania consistently followed this
of the Warsaw Pact, Romania has
and Romanian leaders have multiplied
science, culture, and the arts.
Public Affairs Officer-Aurelius Fer-
rolled steel, iron ore, coke and coking
policy during the Czechoslovak crises
shown reluctance to participate with
with the growth of friendly relations
In July 1972 William P. Rogers
nandez
coal, and cotton. An increase in
in the summer of 1968; it publicly
troops in Pact maneuvers abroad or to
despite continuing political differ-
became the first U.S. Secretary of
Economic Affairs Officer-Richard
imports has forced expansion of tradi-
criticized and did not participate in
permit such maneuvers in Romania.
ences. In August 1969 President Nixon
State ever to pay an official visit to
Scissors
tional exports of food, lumber, and
the invasion of that country by the
U.S.-ROMANIA RELATIONS
paid an official visit to Romania, the
Romania. While there he signed a Con-
Political Affairs Officer-Edward A.
fuel in order to reduce trade deficits.
Soviet Union and other members of
first by a U.S. President to Eastern
sular Convention to facilitate the pro-
Mainland
Manufactures, including a wide variety
the Warsaw Pact.
After a 15-year period of cool re-
Europe since World War II. During
tection of U.S. citizens and property
Consular Officer-Anthony C. Perkins
of capital equipment, have lately
Since 1964 the Romanian leader-
straint, U.S.-Romanian relations began
that visit an agreement was reached
in Romania.
The U.S. Embassy in Romania is
accounted for about one-quarter of
ship has frequently taken positions on
to improve in 1960 with the signing of
providing for the establishment of a
In December 1973, at the invitation
located at Strada Tudor Argezhi No. 9,
exports. In 1973 imports were about
international issues markedly different
an agreement providing for partial res-
U.S. library in Bucharest and a
of President Nixon, President Ceau-
Bucharest.
$3.5 billion and exports $3.74 billion.
from those taken by the Soviet Union.
titution of American property claims.
Before World War II less than one-
These have included, among many
In the same year, notes between the
fifth of Romania's trade was with
others: neutrality in the Sino-Soviet
two governments on cultural, scien-
nations now comprising the Soviet
dispute; recognition of the Federal
tific, and educational exchanges were
bloc, and half of that amount was with
Republic of Germany in January
traded. This arrangement has been up-
Czechoslovakia. Since 1947 annual
1967; an independent line on the
dated biennially, and in December
trade with the Sino-Soviet countries
1967 Arab-Israel war; a continued
1974 the two governments signed a
has been as high as 86 percent. Increas-
"balanced" view on the Middle East
far-ranging 5-year agreement on cul-
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7890
ingly, however, Romania is turning to
generally, which includes maintenance
tural and scientific exchanges. The
Revised April 1975
trade with non-Communist countries.
of diplomatic relations with Israel;
increase in cultural and scientific rela-
From 1959 to 1969 the non-Commu-
initial dissent from the Soviet position
tions has been accompanied by a
Office of Media Services
nist share of Romanian trade increased
on a nonproliferation treaty; a formal
marked growth in the number of U.S.
Bureau of Public Affairs
three to four times as fast as the Com-
approach to the European Common
citizens traveling privately to
munist countries' share, and in 1973,
Market for trade preferences in 1972;
Romania. Communication has also
Romania became the first Warsaw Pact
and an independent position regarding
been facilitated by the operation of
country to conduct more than half of
the convocation of European and
information programs by the U.S.
its trade with non-Communist nations.
"World" Congresses of Communist
Embassy in Bucharest. (Cultural and
Less than 25 percent of Romania's
parties in 1974 and 1975. On several
information bulletins have been dis-
trade is with the Soviet Union, which
occasions Romania has taken and
tributed since 1963.)
is the most important supplier of iron
defended completely independent
High-level talks at Washington, D.C.
ore, coke, and other raw materials.
positions in the United Nations.
in 1964 were followed by elevation of
poal
neno mangole
chus morrissey
LIBRARY
is
get back to
9:45
ABC Terry deartt
frank jordan
gabriel romero
12 noon
ABC nino mangelli
I
Chris Morrisey
entrance-
Kaiser
CBS Jorg Weiland
freedrich
michael Pot V'or
strasse
gate
NBC Peter Dehmel
Klau Dehmel
FORD
GERALD
tour the University -
1st globe upon which "amerika"
appears - gold - Copernicus'
all of Copernices' instruments
300 american students
recept follows
60-100
excorted ley prof Karl Estreicher
dis of Inst of art Hist
Someone else well nt
PHRASES
English
Romanian
Good day
Buna ziua (boonah zeewa)
Goodbye
La revedere (lah ray va dai reh)
Goodnight
Buna seara
How do you do
Ce mai faceti (cheh migh fahchayts)
Come in
Intrati (Intratsi)
Excuse me
Scuzati-ma (skoozahtsy-mer)
Yes / No
Da (dah) / Nu (noo)
Please
Va rog (ver rogh)
Thank you
Multumesc (Mooltsoosmesk)
Very good or Very nice
Foarte Bine (fwartay binay)
It is very beautiful
Foarte frumos este
How much does this cost?
Cit costa acesta?
Where is
...
Unde este (oonday yehstay)
Bathroom (men, women)
Sala de bae (domni, dames)
Do you speak English
Vorbiti englezeste
GREAT FORD LIBRA.
USEFUL TRANSPORTATION PHRASES
English
Romanian
I.
LOCATIONS
I.
DESTINATII
A. Otopeni Airport
A. Aeroportul Otopeni
B. Train Station
B. Gara
C. Spring Palace
C. Palatul Primaverii
D. Council of State Palace
D. Palatul Consiliului
de Stat
E. American Embassy
E. Ambasada Americana
F. Intercontinental Hotel
F. Hotel Intercontinental
G. Dorobanti Hotel
G. Hotel Dorobanti
H. Village Museum
H. Muzeul Satului
I. Church
I. Biserica
J. Park
J. Parc
K. Sightseeing
K.
Plimbare
II. PHRASES
II. EXPRESII
A. Take me to the
A. Duceti-ma la
B. Wait for me
B. Asteptati-ma
C. Meet me at (time)
C. Ne intilnim la (ora)
D. Meet me at (place)
D. Ne intilnim la (locul)
E. Where is the telephone?
E. Unde este telefonul?
F. Come back at (time)
F. Va intoarceti la (ora)
G. Come back at (place)
G. Va intoarceti la (locul)
H. Please wait a minute
H. Va rog sa asteptati un
minut
I. Stop here
I. Opriti aici
J. Can you hurry, I'm late
J.
Grabiti-va, am intirziat
III.
TIMES
III. ORE
1 AM
1 PM
1 dimineata
1 dupa-amiaza
2 AM
2 PM
2 dimineata
2 dupa-amiaza
3 AM
3 PM
3 dimineata
3 dupa-amiaza
4 AM
4 PM
4 dimineata
4 dupa-amiaza
5 AM
5 PM
5 dimineata
5 dupa-amiaza
6 AM
6 PM
6 dimineata
6 dupa-amiaza
7 AM
7 PM
7 dimineata
7 dupa-amiaza
8 AM
8 PM
8 dimineata
8 seara
9 AM
9 PM
9 dimineata
9 seara
10 AM
10 PM
10 dimineata
10 seara
11 AM:
11 PM
11 dimineataa 11 searas
12 AM
12 PM
12 dimineata 12 noaptea
Please read the English version of what you want to say and
then point out the Romanian version to the driver.
SINAIA
This delightfully picturesque Alpine resort is
situated 127 km north of Bucharest. The town grew up
around and takes its name from the late 17th Century Roman-
ian Orthodox Monastery which is patterned after St.
Catherine's on Mt. Sinai.
In the 19th Century nobles from all over southeastern
Europe used to spend their summers there. Now the in-
habitants of nearby Bucharest and Ploiesti flock to
Sinaia during the summer to escape the heat and hubbub of
the city. In addition to hiking, camping and picnicking
in the cool shaded woods, they come to admire the German
Renaissance splendor of Peles Castle, to reflect on the
meaning of centuries of religious and social history con-
tained within the walls of the Romanian Orthodox Monastery,
and to sample the folk crafts sold in stalls by represent-
atives of nearby cooperatives.
THE MONASTERY OF SINAIA
The Monastery of Sinaia, at that time comprising only
the small chapel and its surrounding walls, was dedicated
on August 15, 1695, bearing St. Mary as its patron Saint.
The chapel is a direct, but somewhat smaller, copy of
St. Catherine's Church on Mt. Sinai.
The monastery was originally built as a fortress
because of the unsettled political and military situation
of the time and served as a refuge for the families of the
builder, the Romanian Prince of Wallachia, and others
under his protection.
It is interesting to note that although the small
chapel was built by unknown Romanian peasants, it was
painted by the most famous Romanian church painter - Pervu
Mutu. The painting is al fresco. It was restored in
1795.
In 1846, the larger church was built within the con-
fines of the monastery to accommodate the growing number
of monks who joined the monastery. In 1958 the monastery
became a retreat for the heads of the Romanian Orthodox
Church
The large church, like all Romanian Orthodox churches,
follows a uniform pattern of construction. The first
Romanian element one notices is the open veranda in front
of the entrance -- a folklore element taken from the
peasants' houses.
The first room inside the church is called the
exonarthex. It is also called the Room of the Calendar
since each day of the year is represented on the wall by
the most important event in the life of the respective Saint.
The second room is called the narthex, where the
choir sits. Painted at the apex of the vaulted ceiling is
a representation of Christ. At lower levels are scenes
from the life of Christ. At eye level, on the west wall of
the narthex, one finds the votive portrait -- the portrait
of the prince or nobleman who built the church (Michael
Cantacuzino) offering a small model of the church to God.
The third room of the church, the altar room, is sep-
arated from the other rooms by a richly decorated wall,
called the iconostasis. The paintings on the iconostasis
are, from bottom up: the Prophets, the Apostles and scenes
from the life of Christ.
An icon is located on each side of the altar door. The
icon on the left represents the Virgin Mary with the Holy
Child. The icon on the right represents Jesus.
The altar room itself is sacred and no one, except
the priest, is allowed to enter. The walls of this room
are painted with scenes from the life of the Virgin.
The small church has several unique artistic and
architectural characteristics:
First, the church has the external form of a Latin
cross, not often found in Romania.
Second, the presence of some sculptural figures at
the entrance is a decorative element not usually found in
Romanian Orthodox churches.
Third, the open veranda at the entrance of the church
is typical Brancoveanu style (a blending of Oriental,
Russian, Romanian and Italian Renaissance elements char-
acteristic to the late 17th and early 18th century in
Wallachia).
Fourth, the windows in the church are extremely narrow,
bordered by intricate stone sculpture.
Finally, the portrait of the builder, Michael
Cantacuzino, offering a small model of the church to God
was extremely progressive for its time. Instead of being
presented in a stiff style, with rigid figures, the por-
trait is alive with the brilliant Oriental costumes of
the period.
PELES CASTLE
The Peles Castle, former summer residence of King
Carol I, has been open to the public for more than 25
years now and is visited by numerous visitors from all
over the world.
It stands amidst six acres of land at the foot of the
Bucegi mountains, in the upper valley of the Prahova
River and on the left bank of the Peles Brook.
The Castle was built in two major stages: 1875-1883
and 1896-1914. It was opened October 7, 1888. Its pre-
dominant style of design is German Renaissance. However,
there are rooms in various other styles.
Near the castle is the "Pelisor" Castle, frequently
used as a State Guest House, and the "Foisor", a former
hunting house.
AMERICAN embassy
bucharest, ROMANIA
ROMAITIAN CUSTOMS regulations
1. Under existing Romanian regulations, personnel with diplomatic
status are granted duty-free privileges for the duration of their tour
of duty for the import and export of their household goods, foodstuffs
and beverages, cigarettes and other products for their personal use.
These goods are also exempt from customs inspection, except when they
are believed to contain forbidden items or goods subject to quarantine.
2. Non-diplomatic personnel have duty-free privileges for the import
and export of their household effects and goods intended for their
personal use for a period of 6 months following the employees arrival
in Romania. Exemption from the payment of customs duties on household
effects that arrive after this 6 month period shall be granted only
on the basis of an import permit obtained for each shipment. Items
belonging to non-diplomatic personnel may be subject to customs
inspection on arrival and/or departure from Romania.
3. There are no restrictions on the sale of vehicles brought into
Romania by diplomatic personnel. However if the buyer is not entitled
to duty free privileges they must pay the import duties. Automobiles
brought in by non-diplomatic personnel must be re-exported at the time
of their departure. However, the present policy is that such cars may
be sold to personnel of other diplomatic missions entitled to duty free
privileges.
4. The registration of private automobiles is free for diplomatic
personnel, but there is a charge of 1,000 Lei ($70.25) for the regis-
tration of automobiles owned by non-diplomatic personnel, and they are
also required to pay a small fee for the insurance of the registration
plates.
July 1973
AMERICAN EMBASSY
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA
March 1974
RESTAURANTS
BUCURESTI - Strada Edgar Quinet 1 (telephone 13-44-82). Considered
by many to have the best food in town. 19th century
decor.
HANUL MANUC HOTEL - Strada 30 Decembrie 62 (telephone 13-14-15).
Reconstructed old type Romanian inn with pleasant
Romanian style interior and large garden restaurant
in good weather.
LA DOI COCOSI - Soseaua Straulesti 6 (telephone 18-32-99). About a
15 minute taxi ride from the center of the city. Chicken
dishes are the speciality in Romanian atmosphere.
MINION - Strada Biserica Amzei (telephone 14-10-40). Intimate fairly
new restaurant with its own wine cellar on public display.
ATHENEE PALACE HOTEL - Strada Episcopiei 1-3 (telephone 14-08-99).
Well regarded restaurant. Has nice garden restaurant in
the summer.
INTERCONTINENTAL
HOTEL SERVICES
BARBER SHOP - Mezzanine Floor - 0730-2030. No appointment
Necessary.
BEAUTY SALON - same as above.
DRY CLEANING/PRESSING SERVICE - Dial 6. 0730-1830. If
urgent call Housekeeper from 1830-2200 - Dial 5.
ELECTRICAL CURRENT - Bathrooms have shaving plugs for
110 V/Ac and 220 V/AC.
LAUNDRY - Dial 6 from 0730-2000. If urgent, call House-
keeper from 1830-2200 - Dial 5.
ROOM SERVICE - 24 hour service.
SHOESHINE SERVICE - Place shoes outside of your room in the
evening.
TELEPHONES - Dial O for dial tone, then dial respective
number. For information dial 9.
BUCHAREST RESTAURANTS
Athenee Palace Hotel
14-03-99
Strada Episcopiei 1
Berlin Restaurant
14-46-52
Strada Constantin Mille 4
Bucur Restaurant
13-60-54
Strada Poenaru Bordea 2
Ducuresti Restaurant
13-44-32
Calea Victoriei 36
Carul cu Bere
16-37-93
Strada Stavropoleos 5
Cina Restaurant
14-02-17
Strada C.A. Rosetti 1
Corso - ground floor
)
Intercontinental
Madrical - ground floor)
Hotel
Balada PM 21st floor
)
Lido Hotel
14-49-30
Blvd. Magheru 5-7
Minion Restaurant
14-10-40
Piata Amzei
Pescarul (seafood)
16-11-71
Blvd. Balcescu 9
Pescarus Restaurant
33-62-52
Herastrau Parc
AMERICAN EMBASSY
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA
March 1974
SHOPPING Information
The following list includes some, but by no means all, of the stores and
shops which may be of interest to visitors in Bucharest. Except as otherwise
noted, purchases must be made in Romanian Lei. Please remember that their
hours of operation vary considerably from store to store. As a general rule,
hard currency shops are open without interruption from about 11:00 a.m. to
7:00 p.m., while local currency shops usually operate from about 8:30 a.m.
to 8:30 p.m., with a break from 12:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
HARD CURRENCY STORES (MERCHANDISE PURCHASED ONLY WITH US Dollars, German
Marks, British Pounds, etc.)
Hotel Intercontinental Shops on the ground floor and 2nd floor.
(Paintings, jewelry, embroidered Romanian blouses and material
are among the principal attractions)
FOR YOU - Calea Victoriei 20 (fur coats, Romanian oriental carpets,
embroidered dresses and blouses, sheepskin vests, table linens)
The SOUVENIR SHOP - Blvd Nicolae Balcescu 26 (fur coats, sheepskin
vests, embroidered blouses, carved wooden items, Romanian materials
and table linens)
ROMANIAN LEI STORES
MIORITA - Strada 13 Decembrie 24 (20% disccunt for tourists) (ceramics,
carved wooden items, table linens)
ROMARTA ARTIZANAT - Blvd Magheru 9 (20% discount for tourists)
(Romanian rustic carpets & wall hangings, table linens, sheepskin
vests, carved wooden items and ceramics.
GALERIILE DE ARTA (Fondul Plastic) - Blvd Magheru opposite Department
Store "Eva" has a wide variety of items by Romanian artisans.
ORIZONT GALLERY - Blvd Balcescu 23 - Bucharest's largest gallery for
contemporary Romanian paintings, sculpture and graphics.
MESTERII FAURARI - Strada Bagroveni 6 (near Hanul Manuc Hotel) ceramics.
LIBRARIA DACIA - Calea Victoriei 45 - books and phonograph records.
CONSIGNATIA - Strada Covaci (near Hanul Manuc Hotel) (antiques, paintings
and second-hand items of various sorts) (N.B. objects over 50 years
old may not be exported from Romania)
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Doc.
Notes from Event in Bucharest (pages - 2)
B
8/2-3/75
File Location:
Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 18, Trips Files. Folder: 8/2-3/75 - Bucharest
RESTRICTION CODES
JJO 11/30/16
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
MINISTERUL CĂILOR FERATE
SERVICIUL DE TRANSPORTURI SPECIALE
mersul
trenului special
SEATE
LIBRARY
TIME - TABLE OF PRESIDENTIAL TRAIN
AUGUST 3, 1975
BUCHAREST (BANEASA RAILWAY
STATION) departure 8:30 a.m.
WEST PLOIESTI
9:20 a.m.
CIMPINA
9:48 s.m.
SINAIA
arrival 10:20 a.m.
x
M
H
SINAIA
departure 3:10 p.m.
CIMPINA
3:35 p.m.
WEST PLOIESTI
4:00 p.m.
BUCHAREST (baneasa RAILWAY
STATION) arrival 4:50 p.m.
-----
LIBRARY
MERSUL
TRENULUI PREZIDENTIAL
din 3 august 1975
BUCURESTI BANEASA
pleacă
8,30
PLOIESTI VEST
trece
9,20
CIMPINA
trece
9,48
SINAIA
soseste 10,20
N
N
X
SINAIA
pleacă 15,10
CIMPINA
trece 15,35
PLOIESTI VEST
trece
16,00
BUCURESTI BANEASA soseste
16,50
-----