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42219371
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7/29/75-8/2/75 - Helsinki (2)
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42219371
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document
title
7/29/75-8/2/75 - Helsinki (2)
citationUrl
collections
Sheila R. Weidenfeld Files (Ford Administration)
Sheila Weidenfeld's Trip Files
subjects
Finland
President (1974-1977 : Ford). Office of the First Lady. 1974-1977
Presidential family
Voyages and travels
Helsinki Agreement, 1975
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42219371
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1976-01-31
month
1
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1976
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1975-07-01
month
7
year
1975
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The original documents are located in Box 18, folder 7/29/75-8/2/75 - Helsinki (2)" of
the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Tues,
Sat,
CITY
HELSINKI
DATES OF VISIT July 29 -
aug 2
Signal tel # 40-70-59
Probable weather: ranges from 65°-75°, rains often
weds
thurs
fri
Events we'll have: 12-12:30 opening session
11am-4pm womens
9:30 csce- Pres
program tour of city,
speaks
12:30 shopping, lunch w/austad mrs
seurrisari, lunch,
open day
fashion show
8pm dinner, wives of heads of $ 7:30pm Reception TenTATIVe- Dinner pres
You'll be staying: HESPeria - room 621 - about 3 minutes from press
Mrs. Ford will be: THE EmBassy residence, about 10 mins from you
Jack Ford will be: THE EmBassy residence
Ambassador's wife: mrs. mark evans austAD (10/2)
Wife of head of state: (deceased) (President is Kekkonen)
mrs. Pirkko uinamaa, wife of prime minister
STAFF LOCATIONS:
mrs. E.S. mattila, wife of foreign minister
Patti Vaakuna rm 803 Karl vaakyna rm 808
Dick HESPeria rm 528
Carolyn Embassy residence Pete HESPERia rm 804
Jeannie VAAKUNA rm 805
PRESS INFORMATION:
Press Hotel Vaakuna (phone 118-11)
Press center location Vaakuna Hotel, 9th floor
AP Frank cormier room 810 Vaakuna
UPI Helen Thomas room 819 Vaakuna
Network pool coordinator Frank jordan room 701 Vaakuna
GRAAD R. FORD LIBRARY
Press message center 665-262 665-300
GIFT INFORMATION:
souvenir medallions to each head of state
KEY CONTACTS:
ADVANCE TEAM:
Mrs. Ford Wally Holbrook, Sonja Pursianen
lead frank ursomarso
press bob passwaters
Jack Ford Jarmo Kammonen
press trans gary wright
WHCA ron thomsen
Press Vic stier $ Dick Knowles
USSS jerry ball
state dept harvey buffalo
Digitized from Box 18 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
The finnish Fm ( at farm
slept in old he barn < 2 bed
& condles-
Susan & Jach good friend
Not
HOPET
SIVAL РОСУЛЛОЙ
MTE®
of
pe
STATES
CILX
os
Mr. Stressel
Mrs Timoness
ned & While
Mr. Seppala
Hosters
airs. Storscel-
Ams, to Morn
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Mrs. Davis Nn. Tuominer
Fumer And. to
sllw
to
bas
0803
4A
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ич
loog
long
/TICE TO THE PRESS
MRS. FORD'S SCHEDULE
HELSINKI
Wednesday, July 30, 1975
12 noon
Mrs. Ford will attend opening ceremonies of the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe,
Finlandia Hall.
1 p.m.
Mrs. Ford will tour a local market area, do some
window shopping and have a private lunch in a
local restaurant.
She will be joined on the walking tour by Mrs. Mark E.
Austad, wife of the US Ambassador to Finland,
and Mrs. Leo Tuominen, wife of the Finnish Ambassador
to the US.
The luncheon is being hosted by Mrs. Austad. In addition
to Mrs. Tuominen, the women will be joined by Mrs. R.R.
Seppala, wife of the former Finnish Ambassador to the US;
Mrs. Walter Stoessel, wife of the US Ambassador to the
Soviet Union; and Mrs. James Davis, Mrs. Austad's daughter.
PRESS COVERAGE: Press bus loads at 12:45 p.m. at the
front of the hotel. Pool:
AP photo
UPI photo
Network pool crew (2)
AP reporter
UPI reporter
Net pool reporter
8 p.m.
Mrs. Ford will attend a dinner for wives of the heads of
CSCE delegations and other guests at Smolna, the government
banquet hall (see separate release for details).
PRESS COVERAGE: Press bus loads at 7:30 p.m. at the
front of the Vaakuna. Pool:
AP photo
UPI photo
Network pool crew (2)
AP reporter
UPI reporter
Net pool reporter
01
Mr. Edward Symans,
old Frend from
grund Repid
Grand Ralley
State Collepe Project
in Grand Repids
COULD
U.ve - -
Summer prop. for lev, Polish
Dr Brainard
Corncul
& 100 PoShiz
in brand Valley
Scho Is,
08
GERATE FORD LIBRARY
10
ECONOMY-ENERGY
FORD'S OIL COMPROMISE PROBABLY WON'T PASS Washington Week
in Review: President Ford's new compromise energy legislation
may come up for a House vote next week, Neil MacNeil said. "If
it does it probably will be defeated in the House. If it is
made part of a Democratic package, it could perhaps pass the
House but it would be defeated in the Senate, is the collective
wisdom." MacNeil said he thinks the Democratic-controlled
Congress will pass a continuing resolution and give Ford the
power to increase old oil prices up to a certain point and then
go home "and see if he has the guts to veto it." (7/25/75)
ADMINISTRATION
RICHARDSON SAID CONTENDER FOR CIA CHIEF: Elliot Richardson,
Ambassador to Great Britain, is a leading contender to replace
William Colby as head of the CIA, Time Magazine reported Sunday.
In a story outlining the shattered morale of the spy agency since
the revelations of its allegedly widespread illegal activities,
Time, citing administration sources, said "Sooner or later,
quite possibly by the end of this year, Colby seems certain to
be asked to leave." "'He (Colby) interited all the skeletons in
the closet and issued all the corrective memoranda, but that's
not going to make him any less expendable,' Time quoted a
White House aid as saying. According to Time, the search for
a successor to Colby is already underway and "one prime
possibility is Elliott Richardson. UPI (7/27/75)
HEW ADMINISTERED LSD TO 2,500: HEW administered LSD to
about 2,500 prisoners, mental patients and paid volunteers
between 1954 and 1968 to determine whether it had any medical
value, according to government sources.
Millions of dollars in HEW grants also were given to more
than 30 university researchers for additional LSD experiments
with human subjects. --AP (7/27/75)
#####
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One of his best speeches she Wied the :a Xpel was oliva
impressed bot also wanting to cooperate "
She Whole said feel of the try
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O'Connell, A.
539
J. O'Neil V-764
O'Quinn, C.
625
H. Obst K-215
Oldenberg, H.
507
Ortman, J.
541
Ott, S.
530
Ottie, A.
633
Parker, L.
536
B. Passwaters V-829
Parker, T.
641
G. Pirozzi V-729
Phillips, S.
530
D. Petrich S-501
Ravenburg, D.
626
P. Presock V-727
Rasor, R.
533
S. Porson K-201
Reams, P.
811
G. Proulx S-603
Remington, J.
806
J.W. Roberts V-680
Reynolds, H.
521
J. Robinson V-617
Robey, J.
631
J. Rogers S-315
Rodman, P.
522
E. Rosenberger V-850
Roup, K.
632
E. Rosmarin V-834
Russell, H.
608
D. Ross D-841
Saunders, H.
620
B. Seidenman K-213
Schenk, S.
413
G. Schatz S-514
Schlamm, P.
803
E. Schumacher V-808
Schoewbel, H.
413
A. Short V-837
Schwartz, D.
531
J. Stouffer V-805
Snowcroft, B.
818
Sheils, M.
605
Sherer, A.
629
Soltis, M.
510
Sonnenfeldt, H.
824
Sorum, P.
804
Stahl, N.
517
Stoessel, W.
512
Thompson, E.
635
R. Thomas V-809
Thomsen, R.
627
J. Trattner V-610
Tunnicliffe, M.
533
G. Wright V-631
Twynham, R.
534
F. Zimmerman V-623
Vikander, R.
634
R. Zook V-740
Vinson, G.
627
Wallace, M.
538
Widenfeld, S.
621
Crew Valli Hotel (WHCA)
Williams, C.
825
Wilson, G.
607
Winks, D.
638
Wooten, K.
611
Yee, A.
535
Zahren, E.
540
Zollinger, R.
638
om- rese are Fords Forth- notes d's triphonghtight they be happul.
Lake District
TO Hureissalo,
OF FINCAND
Finland
Jack gack went with our
They went t Net fishing
150 Noof hels
Jach tooh another
John economic hare, lefgren, offier at
with almost 100 Timo yds of net
Swim at in middle of nite
FORDS
LIBRARY
w/ the
embassy yarmo Kammonen, man
KorpivAARA
beft 19am 30 min boat ride
07V839
from
farmer
to buumala - where they got
helsinki a young finnid (all in their 20s)
caught 30 small fish
their
can -
went to
7:15 got there it's -
fishing at prime
was
&
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fished thour
/ hr
Saimaa in (large lake)
Jack untd to see a finnesh paper
factory, how it operate, etc.
got back at
2:30 pm
then they took a in a
smoke sauna. log cabin
went Sailing at 4 in
fine on 6 hours rochs- to heat rocks
Gulf of finland
for 11/2 hours - 2 hours
2½ his - with John
+ yarms +
swam in pond in between
saunas
trip was
a group of
Q
John
Then lef gren had dinner with the
Weds-Thurs
yarmos
Gay fish
wife +3 children,
farmer his
finnesh friends
finnish- Kammonen yarms
+
John Lefgren John
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WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Doc.
Floor Diagrams (pages - 5)
7/29/75-8/2/
B
75
File Location:
Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 18, Trips Files. Folder: 7/29/75-8/2/75 - Helsinki (2)
RESTRICTION CODES
JJO 11/18/16
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
HELSINKI
American Embassy
Itainen PUISTOTIE 14 A
00140 Helsinke 14
11931
of: :378 144
Jack FORD CONTACT: Jarmo Kammonen h:872 7761
MRS. FORD CONTACT: Sonja Pursianen 11971 of
X264 657254 home
LRX
AmBassador mark Evans austad
PRESS: DICK knowles, VIC stier
WHITE House LEADS:
frank ursomarso
havey buffalo
ron thomsen
jerry ball
bob passwaters
gary wright
Deputy Chief of mission: Bob Houston
11971 of
others: Wallace Holbrook, come attache 63847/h
(suggestions for jack ford)
- Jarmo Kammonen, Valtatie 19, AS 26, 01450 Vantaa 45
mr. Bergquist. - helsenke gout press guy
Tues,
Sat,
CITY
HELSINKI
DATES OF VISIT July 29
aug 2
Signal tel # 40-70-59
441-311 hesperia
Probable weather: ranges from 65°-75°, rains often
weds
thurs
f
Events we'll have: 12-12:30 opening session
11am-4pm womens
9:30 ksce- Pres
program tour of CITY,
speaks
12:30 shopping, lunch u/austed mrs.
seurrisari, lunch,
open day
fashion show
8pm dinner, wives of heads of S 7:30pm Reception TRATATIVE- Dinner wy pres
You' 11 be staying: HESPETIA room 621 about 3 minutes from press
Mrs. Ford will be: THE Emeassy residence about 10 mins from you
Jack Ford will be: THE EmBassy residence
Ambassador's wife: mrs. mark evans AUSTAD (10/2)
Wife of head of state: (deceased)
mrs Pirkko uinamaa, wife of prime minister
mrs. E.S. mattila, wife of foreign minister
STAFF LOCATIONS:
Patti Vaakuna FOR 803 Karl vaakuna im 808
Dick HESPERIA m 528
Carolyn Embassy residence Pete HESPERia m 804
Jeannie VAAKUNA rm 805
PRESS INFORMATION:
Press Hotel Vaakuna (phone 118-11)
Press center location Vaakuna Hotel, 9Th floor
AP Frank cormier room 810 Vaakuna
UPI Helen Thomas room 819 Vaakona
Network pool coordinator Frank jordan room 701 Vaakuna
Press message center 665-262 665-300
GIFT INFORMATION:
solvenir medallions to each head of state
KEY CONTACTS:
ADVANCE TEAM:
h: 638 471
FORD
Mrs. Ford Wally Halbicok, Sanja Pursianem
lead frank @cmarso
press bob passwaters
Jack Ford Jarnic Kammonen
press trans gary wright
WHCA ICD thomsen
Press Vic stier & DICK Knowles
USSS jerry ball
state dept harvey buffalo
July 23, 1975
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
The Soviet Union first proposed a European security conference
on February 10, 1954, and periodically reiterated the proposal
in subsequent years. It received little initial enthusiasm from
Western and neutral nations, but following increased bilateral
initiatives toward detente, a renewed Warsaw Pact appeal from
Budapest on March 17, 1969 elicited a cautiously positive reaction
from NATO. The United States and our NATO allies took the
position that such a conference might serve a useful purpose, but
only after concrete progress had been achieved on the most
sensitive aspect of East-West confrontation in Europe, namely
Berlin.
It was specified in successive NATO documents beginning in
December 1969 that conclusion of a new Four-Power agreement
on Berlin, aimed at effecting practical improvements in relations
between the people on both sides of the wall and between Bonn and
West Berlin, could lead to allied willingness to participate in a
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The
allies also increasingly emphasized the importance they attached
to improving F.R. G. relations with the G.D.R., U.S.S.R.,
Poland and other Warsaw Pact countries. The Berlin Accord,
signed September 3, 1971 took effect in June 1972 as did the
F.R.G.-G.D.R. Basic Treaty normalizing relations between
those two states. The Warsaw Pact countries agreed to commence
exploratory talks on Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR)
at Vienna beginning in January 1973. CSCE Multilateral Prepara-
tory Talks thereupon opened at Helsinki in November 1972.
Stage I
Stage I of CSCE opened with a meeting of Foreign Ministers of
33 European states plus the United States and Canada at Helsinki
from July 3 to 7, 1973. Ministers approved the "Final Recommenda-
tions" of the preparatory phase, which set the agenda and established
mandates for committees and subcommittees during the Stage II
negotiations.
Stage II
Stage II began September 18, 1973 in Geneva. Senior officials from
the 35 participating countries met to work out an agreed final
document organized under the four agenda items or "baskets:"
LIBRARY
- 2 -
1.
Questions relating to security in Europe;
2. Cooperation in the fields of economics, science and
technology, and the environment;
3. Cooperation in strengthening human contacts, the exchange
of information, and cultural and educational ties (the
so-called "freer movement" issue); and
4. Post-conference follow-up arrangements.
Basket 1 : Statement of principles
Under the first agenda item, conference negotiators have produced
a declaration of the following ten principles of interstate relations:
--Sovereign equality, respect for the rights inherent in sovereignty.
.-Refraining from the threat or use of force.
-Inviolability of frontiers.
-Territorial integrity of states.
--Peaceful settlement of disputes.
-Non-intervention in internal affairs.
Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including
the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief.
- Equal rights and self-determination of peoples.
Cooperation among states.
Fulfillment in good faith of international obligations.
The U.S.S.R. viewed this declaration as the central document of
the conference. The Soviets were especially anxious to gain
Western acceptance of an unambiguous principle on inviolability
of frontiers by force. Western participants made clear, however,
that their agreement to this precept would not constitute formal
recognition of existing European frontiers or imply that present
- 3 -
borders are immutable. The Federal Republic of Germany, with
the firm support of its NATO allies, insisted on a reference in
the Declaration of Principles to the possibility of effecting border
changes by peaceful means. The United States took an active role
in negotiation of this key text on peaceful border changes, which is
included in the principle of sovereign equality.
Also under agenda item 1, CSCE participants have negotiated
limited military security measures designed to strengthen mutual
trust and confidence. Specific texts were produced on two modest
but significant "confidence-building measures:" prior notification
of military maneuvers, and exchange of observers at those maneuvers.
Adoption of these measures was urged by the smaller European
countries.
Basket 2
Under agenda item 2, the Geneva talks produced a series of
declarations, or resolutions, on economic, scientific and techno-
logical, and environmental cooperation. The United States did not
pursue major economic policy objectives at CSCE preferring to
leave them to such fora as the Multilateral Trade Negotiations.
We took care to ensure that the CSCE texts would not conflict with
the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. We hope the practical understandings
in this area will broaden the scope of East-West exchanges, help
reduce barriers to trade, and make a useful contribution to detente.
Basket 3
The third agenda item, "basket 3", deals with increased human
contacts, flow of information, and cooperation in cultural and
educational relations. This item was included on the CSCE agenda
only as a result of energetic efforts by the United States, our allies,
and the neutral states. At Geneva, agreement was reached on
basket 3 texts dealing with such issues as family reunification,
family visits, marriages between nationals of different states, the
right to travel, access to printed as well as broadcast information,
improved working conditions for journalists, and increased
cultural and educational cooperation.
- 4 -
Basket 4
Under the fourth agenda item, the conference produced a text
on post-CSCE "follow-up" arrangements. Debate focused on the
degree of institutionalization and continuity to be accorded
post-conference activities. The final compromise text provides
for unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral actions designed to
carry forward the work of the conference and monitor the
implementation of agreed texts. A meeting of experts will be
convened in the first half of 1977 to prepare for a gathering of
senior officials later that year to review results of CSCE and
plan for possible future meetings.
Special Topics
In addition to the primary East-West focus of the conference, a
number of the smaller participants had special interests which
were taken into account in evolving a CSCE consensus. Romania
urged acknowledgment of the special status and needs of developing
countries; and Malta, Cyprus and Yugoslavia rèquested consideration
of the interests of non-participating Mediterranean states. Special
consideration was given to the concerns of Greece, Turkey, and
Cyprus. In general, the smaller countries of Europe appreciated
the opportunity CSCE gave them to participate in the detente dialogue.
Stage III
Stage III will be held at Helsinki from July 30 to August 1, 1975.
The U.S.S.R. through Communist Party General Secretary
Leonid I. Brezhnev requested that Stage III of CSCE be held at
the summit level. The United States and its allies maintained that
a final decision on the level of Stage III should come after achieve-
ment of satisfactory results in Stage II. In intense negotiations
during June and early July, all substantive issues were resolved to
the satisfaction of all participants and the date for Stage III agreed.
The CSCE final document resembles the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights or the UN Friendly Relations Declaration. Conference
participants view the final document as a statement of political
resolve or declaration of intent, not as an agreement legally binding
upon governments. However, as a carefully negotiated text,
solemnly signed by high-level representatives of the 35 nations
involved, it generally will be seen as having considerable moral
and political.force.
- 5 -
CSCE is sometimes incorrectly compared to the 1815 Congress
of Vienna that influenced the political order in Europe for much
of the 19th Century, but it is a much more modest event. The
results of the conference are but a step in the process of detente,
raising the hope of further improvement in East-West relations.
CSCE is also the beginning of a new approach to consultations on
matters of importance by all European states. The extent to which
CSCE agreements are implemented over time will be the true test
for judging the success of this conference.
#
#
©
Ehrensvärd-Seura ry Samfundet Ehrensvärd rf
Frenckellin Kirjapaino Oy, Helsinki Finland 1974
Pikku Mustasaari
B LOWENHIELM Lilla Oster Svartö
D
B
TROMBERG
B STIERNROOS
LAUTEA FERRY
SUOMENLINNA
VIAPORI
AP LOWEN
SVEABORG
KASINOPUISTO
KASINOPARKEN
B
CHEFFER
44
Tennis
50
13
Kansakoulu
Folkskola
Paraatikenttä
200 m 200 m
Paradplatsen
B BIELKE
Iso Mustasaam
150
Stora O. Svartö
EHRENSVARD
C
100
Länsi Mustasaari
50
0S
Väster Syartö
39
B HORN
001
E
16
37
&
Kaatopaikka
Avstjälpningsplats
150
8
B TAUBE
B RIBBING
200m
B HAMILTON
Telakka-alue
Varvsområde
ERSEN
B HOPKE
B
AKERHIEL
13
17
4
B
SETH
26
2
Työsiirtola
15
B
WREDE
Arberskolen
B AMINOF
14
Susisaari
S
Vargön
B PALMSTIERNA
HESSENSTEIN
B
YVE-DYGD
RANI AVARUSTUS
B POLHEM
STRANDVARCKET
HYVA OMATUNTO
1. Lauttasatama
Färjhamnen
The ferryboat harbour
2. Tykistölahden laiturit
Artillerivikens bryggor The wharves of Artillery Bay
GODT S MVETE
L
Jrheilukenttä
3. Kuninkaanportin
Kungsportens brygga The King's Gate
52
Sportplan
Kaatopaikka
Avstjälpningsplats
150
8
B TAUBE
B RIBBING
wooz
B HAMILTON
Telakka-alue
arvsområde
FERSEN
B HOPKE
B ÄKERHIEL
13
17
B SETH
26
2
Pyösiirtola
15
WREDE
Arberskoleni
B AMINOF
14
Susisaari
S
Vargön
B PALMSTIERNA
HESSENSTEIN
B
XYVE-DYGD
RANTAVARUSTUS
B POLHEM
STRANDVARCKET
HYVA OMATUNTO
1.
Lauttasatama
Färjhamnen
The ferryboat harbour
2.
Tykistölahden laiturit
Artillerivikens bryggor
GODT SAMVETE
The wharves of Artillery Bay
Urheilukenttä
3.
Kuninkaanportin
Kungsportens brygga
The King's Gate
52
Sportplan
laituri
whar
4.
Matkailuneuvonta
Turist-information
Tourist information
B KUNNIA AHRA
5.
Ehrensvärd-museo
Ehrensvärd-museet
The Ehrensvärd Museum
B'HÄRLEMAN
6.
Armfelt-museo
Armfelt-museet
The Armfelt Museum
7.
Rannikkotykistö-
Kustartillerimuseet
The Coast-guard
15
museo
Artillery Musenm
8.
S-vene Vesikko
U-båten Vesikko
The Submarine "Vesikko
PIPERIN PUISTO
9. Kesäteatteri
Sommarteater
The Summer Theater
PIPERS PARK
10.
Ravintola Walhalla
Rest. Walhalla
The Walhalla Restaurant
11.
Kahvila Linnanportti
Café Linnanportti
The Linnanportti Café
12.
Kahvila Piper
Café Piper
The Piper Café
13. Kioski
Kiosk
Stand
14. Uimaranta
Badstrand
Bathing Beach
15.
Käymälä
WC
Toilets
4
III
1747
Ruotsin valtiopäivät
Riksdagen besluter
The Swedish Parlia-
päättävät rakennuttaa
bygga en fästning vid
ment decides to have
linnoituksen Helsin-
Helsingfors
a fortress built at
kiin
Helsinki
As
15
1750 Linnoitus saa nimek-
Fästningen får nam-
The fortress receives
B
ARPELAN
seen Sveaborg
net Sveaborg
the name Sveaborg
(Viapori)
(Viapori)
(Viapori)
3
1772 Viaporin rakentaja
Sveaborgs grund-
Augustin Ehrensvärd,
B LANTINGSHAUSEN
Augustin Ehrensvärd
läggare Augustin
the builder of Viapori,
B GYLLENBORG
kuolee.
Ehrensvärd dör.
dies. The work goes
KUNINKAANPORTTI
Työt jatkuvat
Arbetet fortsätter
on
KUNGSPORTEN
1808
Sùomen sota. Viapori
Finska kriget. Svea-
The Finnish War.
Kustaanmiek ka
antautuu venäläisille
borgs kapitulation
Viapori surrenders
Gustavssvärd
A
KAP COYET
to the Russians.
1855
Krimin sota. Viaporin
Krimkriget. Svea-
The Crimean War.
B
ZANDER
pommitus
borgs bombarde-
The bombardment of
mang
Viapori
10
KYHLENBE
1906
Viaporin kapina
Sveaborgsupproret
The Viapori mutiny
1918
Viapori muuttuu
Sveaborg blir finskt
Finland becomes
15
Kustaanmiekan salmi Gustavssyards sund
Suomenlinnaksi
independent and
"Viapori" becomes
B - Bastioni Bastion
"Suomenlinna"
KAP - Kaponnieeri - Kaponjär - Caponiere
ARUSTUS
1972 Linnoituksen sotilaal-
Den militära eran
The period of the
STRANDV ARCKET
linen kausi päättyy
upphör
military use of the
0
50
100
150
200m
fortress comes to an end
1700-luvun alussa Ruotsin valtakunta
Diese wurde nach Helsinki verlegt, wo sie der Armee
menetti kahdessa sodassa kaikki itäiset rajamaakuntansa
sowie der Flotte als Stützpunkt dienen sollte.
ja -linnoituksensa. Jottei koko Suomea menetettäisi,
Die Verwirklichung des Plans wurde Augustin Ehrensvärd
valtiopäivät päättivät rakentaa keskuslinnoituksen
anvertraut, der später zum Feldmarschall ernannt und
valtakunnan koko itäisen osan turvaksi. Se sijoitettiin
in den gräflichen Stand erhoben wurde. Im Jahre 1748
Helsinkiin, josta käsin sen oli määrä toimia sekä
begann Ehrensvärd mit den Bauarbeiten und leitete
armeijan että laivaston tukikohtana.
diese mit Ausnahme von einigen Unterbrechungen bis
Suunnitelman toteutus uskottiin Augustin Ehrensvärdille,
zu seinem Tode im Jahre 1772. Danach wurde der Bau
joka sittemmin ylennettiin sotamarsalkaksi ja sai
der Festung noch anderthalb Jahrzehnte weitergeführt.
kreivin arvonimen. Hän aloitti rakennustyöt V. 1748
Während einer Zeit von 40 Jahren wurde von den
ja johti niitä eräitä keskeytyksiä lukuunottamatta
Soldaten der Rotten-Armee auf sechs Inseln vor Helsinki
kuolemaansa, V. 1772 saakka. Tämän jälkeen linnoitta-
eine Festung aufgeführt, deren Mauern eine Länge
mistyö jatkui edelleen toista vuosikymmentä.
von insgesamt 8 km hatten und in deren Bastionen und
Neljässäkymmenessä vuodessa ruotuarmeijan sotilaat
Verschanzungen 1300 Kanonen Platz hatten. Innerhalb
rakensivat täten Helsingin edustan kuudelle saarelle
der Mauern entstand eine Stadt, die nach Turku die
linnoituksen, jonka muurien yhteenlaskettu pituus on
zweitgrösste Finnlands war.
8 km ja jonka bastioneissa ja varustuksissa oli paikka
Diese Festung wurde nach einigen Wochen Belagerung
1300 kanuunalle. Muurien sisäpuolelle muodostui
im Finnischen Kriege im Jahre 1808 eingenommen,
B начале ХУӀӀӀ BeKa Швеция B двух войнах
kaupunki, joka Turun jälkeen oli Suomen suurin.
ohne grösseren Schaden erlitten zu haben. Der
потеряла Ha BocToKe Bce свои пограничные области и
Tämä linnoitus vallattiin Suomen sodassa V. 1808
Befehlhaber, Admiral CO Cronstedt, war der psychologi-
крепости. Чтобы He потерять всей Финляндии,
protection of the whole eastern part of the country.
schen Strategie des russischen Oberbefehls nicht
Генеральные штаты приняли решение построить
muutaman viikon piirityksen jälkeen sen mainittavasti
центральную крепость для защиты cpa3y Bcex восточных
vaurioitumatta. Komendantti, amiraali C 0 Cronstedt
This was situated in Helsinki, from where it was supposed
gewachsen.
областей. MecToM ee дислокации выбрали Хельсинки,
joutui venäläisen päällystön psykologisen sodankäynnin
to act as the base for both the army and the fleet.
Danach war Viapori während 110 Jahren eine russische
Ha 3ToM MecTe oHa должна была стать базой KaK для
hämäämäksi ja antautui.
The realization of the project was entrusted to Augustin
Festung. Für die Garnison wurden grosse Kasernen
армии, TaK и для флота.
Viapori oli sitten venäläinen linnoitus 110:n vuoden
Ehrensvärd, who later was promoted to the rank of
und Lazarette gebaut, jedoch hielt es die russische
Осуществление планов было поручено Августину
ajan. Varuskunnan käyttöön rakennettiin suuria
Field Marshal and received the title of count. He started
Grossmacht nicht für notwendig, die Festung selber noch
Эренсвярду, который позже был произведен B маршалы
kasarmeja ja sairaaloita, mutta Venäjän suurvalta ei enää
weiterhin zu verstärken. So konnte ein englisch-
и получил титул графа.
the construction work in the year 1748 and supervised
OH начал строительство B 1748 году и руководил им c
pitänyt aiheellisena vahvistaa itse linnoitusta. Siksipä
it with certain interruptions until his death in 1772.
französische Geschwader im August 1855 ungehindert
небольшими перерывами до самой своей смерти
englantilais-ranskalainen eskaaderi saattoi häiriöttä
Thereafter the work of fortification continued for
die Festung bombardieren und schwer beschädigen.
B 1772 году. После 3ToΓo фортификационные работы
pommittaa linnoitusta elokuussa 1855 ja aiheuttaa sille
over a decade.
Nach dem Kriege wurde eine neue Seeverteidigungslinie
продолжались еще около двух десятилетий.
suuria vaurioita. Sodan jälkeen rakennettiin uusi
In the course of forty years the army of soldiers,
mit 9" und 11" Kanonen errichtet. Noch später -
Таким образом, 3a copoK лет солдаты армии,
coming from districts charged with the maintenance of
während des ersten Weltkrieges - wurde die
набранной из peKpyToB, построили Ha подступах K
meripuolustuslinja 9. ja 11-tuumaisine kanuunoineen.
Хельсинки Ha шести ocTpoBax крепость, y которой
Vielä myöhemmin, ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikana
foot soldiers, thus built a fortification on six islands
Festungsartillerie auf die vorgelagerte Inselwelt verlegt.
общая протяженность крепостных cTeH составила
sijoitettiin linnoitustykistö ulkosaaristoon.
in front of Helsinki. The length of its walls totalled
Ab 1918 diente Suomenlinna über fünfzig Jahre als
восемь километров и Ha бастионах и укреплениях
Vuoden 1918 jälkeen Suomenlinna oli suomalaisena
8 kilometres; and in the bastions and intrenchments
finnische Garnison. Seit 1973 steht das Gebiet unter
которой было MecTo для 1 300 пушек.
varuskuntana yli viidenkymmenen vuoden ajan. Vuodesta
there was room for 1300 cannons. Within the walls there
ziviler Verwaltung.
Внутри cTeH вырос город, который после TypKy был
1973 lähtien Suomenlinna on ollut siviilialuetta.
arose a town which, after Turku, was the largest in
крупнейшим B Финляндии.
Finland.
Эта крепость была взята русскими B войне 3a
Vain Merisotakoulu on edelleen jäänyt saarelle.
Финляндию B 1808 году после нескольких недель
This fortification was occupied in the War of Finland
осады почти неповрежденной.
in 1808 after a siege of a few weeks, without its
Комендант крепости, адмирал K. O. Кронштедт был
suffering any damage worth mentioning. The
обманут психологической войной, ведшейся
commandant, Admiral C. O. Cronstedt, became confused
Dans la première moitié du 18e siècle,
русским командованием.
by the psychological warfare of the Russian officers
I förra hälften av 1700-talet förlorade
le royaume de Suède perdit au cours de deux guerres
После этого Свеаборг был русской крепостью B
and surrendered the fortress.
течение 110 лет.
toutes ses provinces frontière et ses forteresses frontière
det svenska riket i tvenne krig alla gränsprovinser och
Для гарнизона крепости были построены большие
After this, Viapori was a Russian fortification for a
orientales. Pour éviter que la Finlande entière ne soit
gränsfästningar i öster. För att inte hela Finland skulle
казармы и больницы, Ho Россия KaK великая держава
period of 110 years. For the use of the garrison, large
perdue, la diète décida alors d'édifier une forteresse
He считала больше целесообразным укреплять
gå förlorat beslöt riksdagen därför att uppföra en central-
barracks and hospitals were constructed, but the Great
centrale pour la défense de toute la moitié orientale du
caMy крепость.
fästning för hela den östra rikshälftens försvar. Den
Power of Russia did not consider it justifiable to
royaume. Elle fut établie à Helsinki où elle pouvait
Поэтому-то английская эскадра B aBΓycTe 1855 года
förlades till Helsingfors, där den kunde vara bas för
strengthen the fortification itself. Therefore an English-
servir de base à la fois à l'armée et à la flotte.
смогла беспрепятственно обстреливать крепость и
både armén och flottan.
French fleet was able to bombard the fortification
нанесла ей большой ypoH. После войны была
La réalisation du plan fut confiée à Augustin Ehrensvärd,
Planens förverkligande anförtroddes at Augustin
построена новая линия морских фортов, оснащенная
without much difficulty in August 1855 and cause great
qui devint par la suite maréchal et comte. Il commença
Ehrensvärd, som sedermera blev både fältmarskalk och
9 и 11-дюймовыми пушками.
damage to it. After the war a new line of naval defence
les travaux en 1748 et les conduisit, à part quelques
Еще позже, B ходе первой мировой войны, крепостная
greve. Han påbörjade arbetet 1748 och ledde det med
with 9 and 11 inch cannons was built. Still later,
interruptions, jusqu'à sa mort en 1772. Les travaux de
артиллерия была также размещена и Ha внешних
några avbrott till sin död 1772. Därefter fortsatte
during World War I, fortification artillery was placed
fortification se poursuivirent encore pendant une
ocTpoBax.
fästningsarbetet ytterligare halftannat årtionde.
in the outer archipelago.
Свеаборгское восстание 1906 года.
décennie et demie. Les frais des travaux furent en grande
V
была
Vielä myöhemmin, ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikana
foot soldiers, thus built a fortification on six islands
Festungsartillerie auf die vorgelagerte Inselwelt verlegt.
общая протяженность крепостных cTeH составила
sijoitettiin linnoitustykistö ulkosaaristoon.
in front of Helsinki. The length of its walls totalled
Ab 1918 diente Suomenlinna über fünfzig Jahre als
восемь километров и Ha бастионах и укреплениях
Vuoden 1918 jälkeen Suomenlinna oli suomalaisena
8 kilometres; and in the bastions and intrenchments
finnische Garnison. Seit 1973 steht das Gebiet unter
которой было MecTo для 1 300 пушек.
varuskuntana yli viidenkymmenen vuoden ajan. Vuodesta
there was room for 1300 cannons. Within the walls there
ziviler Verwaltung.
Внутри cTeH вырос город, который после TypKy был
1973 lähtien Suomenlinna on ollut siviilialuetta.
arose a town which, after Turku, was the largest in
крупнейшим B Финляндии.
Vain Merisotakoulu on edelleen jäänyt saarelle.
Finland.
Эта крепость была взята русскими B войне 3a
Финляндию B 1808 году после нескольких недель
This fortification was occupied in the War of Finland
осады почти неповрежденной.
in 1808 after a siege of a few weeks, without its
Комендант крепости, адмирал K. O. Кронштедт был
suffering any damage worth mentioning. The
обманут психологической войной, ведшейся
commandant, Admiral C. O. Cronstedt, became confused
Dans la première moitié du 18e siècle,
русским командованием.
by the psychological warfare of the Russian officers
I förra hälften av 1700-talet förlorade
le royaume de Suède perdit au cours de deux guerres
После этого Свеаборг был русской крепостью B
and surrendered the fortress.
течение 110 лет.
toutes ses provinces frontière et ses forteresses frontière
det svenska riket i tvenne krig alla gränsprovinser och
Для гарнизона крепости были построены большие
After this, Viapori was a Russian fortification for a
orientales. Pour éviter que la Finlande entière ne soit
gränsfästningar i öster. För att inte hela Finland skulle
казармы и больницы, Ho Россия KaK великая держава
period of 110 years. For the use of the garrison, large
perdue, la diète décida alors d'édifier une forteresse
He считала больше целесообразным укреплять
gå förlorat beslöt riksdagen därför att uppföra en central-
barracks and hospitals were constructed, but the Great
centrale pour la défense de toute la moitié orientale du
caMy крепость.
fästning för hela den östra rikshälftens försvar. Den
Power of Russia did not consider it justifiable to
royaume. Elle fut établie à Helsinki où elle pouvait
Поэтому-то английская эскадра B aBΓycTe 1855 года
förlades till Helsingfors, där den kunde vara bas för
strengthen the fortification itself. Therefore an English-
servir de base à la fois à l'armée et à la flotte.
смогла беспрепятственно обстреливать крепость и
både armén och flottan.
French fleet was able to bombard the fortification
нанесла ей большой ypoH. После войны была
La réalisation du plan fut confiée à Augustin Ehrensvärd,
Planens förverkligande anförtroddes at Augustin
построена новая линия морских фортов, оснащенная
without much difficulty in August 1855 and cause great
qui devint par la suite maréchal et comte. Il commença
Ehrensvärd, som sedermera blev både fältmarskalk och
9 и 11-дюймовыми пушками.
damage to it. After the war a new line of naval defence
les travaux en 1748 et les conduisit, à part quelques
Еще позже, B ходе первой мировой войны, крепостная
greve. Han påbörjade arbetet 1748 och ledde det med
with 9 and 11 inch cannons was built. Still later,
interruptions, jusqu'à sa mort en 1772. Les travaux de
артиллерия была также размещена и Ha внешних
några avbrott till sin död 1772. Därefter fortsatte
during World War I, fortification artillery was placed
fortification se poursuivirent encore pendant une
ocTpoBax.
fästningsarbetet ytterligare halftannat årtionde.
in the outer archipelago.
Свеаборгское восстание 1906 года.
décennie et demie. Les frais des travaux furent en grande
Under loppet av 40 år uppföre sålunda den indelta
After the year 1918, Suomenlinna was a Finnish
У гарнизона крепости была своя важная задача B
partie payés par le gouvernement français qui avait
arméns soldater på sex öar utanför Helsingfors en
ходе первой русской революции, Ho восстание B
garrison for more than fifty years. Since the year 1973
conclu une alliance militaire avec la Suède.
крепости началось преждевременно, и K HeMy
fästning, vars murar hade en sammanlagd längd av 8 km
Suomenlinna has been a civilian area.
Au cours de 40 années, les soldats de l'armée en
примкнула лишь часть гарнизона.
och vars bastioner och verk hade plats för 1300 kanoner.
cantonnement construisirent ainsi, sur six îles au large
OHo было подавлено флотом, который остался BepeH
Innanför murarna uppstod en stad, som näst Åbo blev
de Helsinki, une forteresse dont les murs avaient une
царскому режиму.
den största i Finland.
После 1918 года B Свеаборге B течение более чем
longueur totale de 8 km et dont les bastions et les
Denna fästning kapitulerade under finska kriget 1808
двадцати лет был расположен финский гарнизон
ouvrages pouvaient recevoir 1 300 canons. Les murs
efter några veckors belägring och utan att ha lidit
(Суоменлинна).
In der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts
renfermaient une ville qui, après Turku, était la seconde
После второй мировой войны туда вернулась лишь
nämnvärda skador eller förluster. Kommendanten,
de Finlande.
незначительная часть военных частей, a начиная c 1973
amiral C o Cronstedt, var inte vuxen det ryska befälets
verlor das Schwedische Reich in zwei Kriegen seine
sämtlichen Provinzen und Befestigungen an der
Cette forteresse capitula pendant la guerre de Finlande
года Свеаборг стал целиком гражданской
psykologiska krigföring.
территорией.
en 1808 après quelques semaines de siège et sans avoir
Sveaborg var sedan rysk fästning i 110 år. För garnisonens
östlichen Grenze. Um nicht ganz Finnland zu verlieren,
behov uppfördes stora kasärner och sjukhus, men någon
beschloss der Reichstag eine zentrale Festung zum
subi de dégâts ni de pertes notables. Le commandant,
anledning att förstärka själva fästningsverken tyckte
Schutz der gesamten östlichen Reichshälfte zu errichten.
l'amiral CO Cronstedt, n'était pas à la hauteur de la
conduite de la guerre psychologique du commandement
sig den ryska stormakten inte ha. En engelsk-fransk
russe.
eskader kunde därför i augusti 1855 ostörd bombardera
Viapori fut ensuite une forteresse russe pendant 110 ans.
fästningen och åstadkom stora skador. Efter kriget
De grandes casernes et infirmeries furent construites,
uppfördes en ny sjöförsvarslinje med 22 cm och 27 cm
mais la puissance russe n'estima pas avoir de raison
kanoner. Ännu senare, under första världskriget,
de fortifier les ouvrages défensifs eux-mêmes. Aussi une
förlades fästningsartilleriet till öarna i havsbandet.
escarde anglaise-française put-elle, en août 1855,
Efter 1918 var Sveaborg finsk garnisonsort i över femtio
bombarder en toute tranquillité la forteresse et y causer
års tid. Sedan 1973 har området en civil förvaltning.
de grands dégâts. Après la guerre, une nouvelle ligne
Sjökrigsskolan har dock stannat kvar.
de défense maritime munie de canons de 22 cm et de
27 cm fut établie. Encore plus tard, pendant la Première
Guerre mondiale, l'artillerie de forteresse fut installée
sur les îles extérieures de l'archipel.
Après 1918, Suomenlinna a été un lieu de garnison
In the early years of the eighteenth century
finlandais pendant plus de vingt ans. Après la Seconde
the kingdom of Sweden lost all its eastern frontier
Guerre mondiale, seule une petite partie des unités
provinces and fortifications in two wars. In order that
retournèrent à Suomenlinna et, depuis 1973, cette zone a
the whole of Finland should not be lost, the Diet
une administration civile. Seule l'Ecole Navale y est
decided to construct a central fortification for the
actuellement établie.
/
$ %
Käpylän urheilupuisto
vastaanotrokoti
Kottby
/
idrottspark
Mannerheimaintie
Vaxlarg
29
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Velodrom
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RUSKEASUO
\
Klockbron
5
BRUNAKÄRR
Kellosilia
Vallilan siirtolapuutarha
4
10
til
/
Maskunt Maskuv
Makelankatu
Vallgards koloniträdgård
Küskinkatu
Kyläsaari
PASILA
Byholmen
Nousisv8
BÖLE
Ruskeasuon urheiluhalli
Gumtäkts&
Brunakärrs sporthall
Pasilan asema
Kumpulankatu
2
Hyppyrimäki
Fredriksbergs station
Ratsastushalli
Ridhallen
Hoppbacke
Esterink
Telegrafing
Gaddviksg
Ratsastie Ridv
Visselgränden
Vallilan
Vislauskup
puisto
Violankatu
Kumpulantie
the
Tavasty
Violagatan
19,6
Kuortaneenk
Kuortaneg
HERMANNI
Pasilankatu
Teollisus
HERMANSTAD
VALLILA
Vallilan
Keskusvankila
Mekis
VALL
Centralfängelset
LAAKSO
GARD
Auroran sairaala
Kk
DAL
Valborgsparken
S18
/
Lakaregatan
Aurorasjakhuset
alpurinpuisto
Laakson
SECURITY
Kiven
19-0
ratsastuskenttä
Gallery
qti
/
Ridfältet Dal
Laakson sairaala
Nordenskioldsgatan
katu
Roineen
Vallgardsv
Kk
Tukholmank
Dals sjukhus
Alppipuisto
Hango
/
ruun
Paijännev
puisto
Stockholmsg
Eläintarhan urheilukenttä
Alpparken
Viborgsg
Djurgårdens sportplan
Vesilinnank
Vallilan
MEILAHTI
Norra
Alppila
Alphyddan
ALPPTHARJU
MEJLANS
ASHÖJDEN
106
Reijolank
Jäähalli
Uimastadion
52
Stadiontie
Simstadion
Tivoline
Lenininpuisto
Leninparken
Aleksis
Kivis
gata
Meilahden
102
26
Linnanmaki
Medians.spirkhus
Paivank?
use
25
Borgbacken
Fartvagen
sivoliv
20
Kallion
Pallokenttä
Vaasank
Svalbo
Vesisäiliö
22
urh
Bollplan
OLYMPIASTADION
kenttã
6
3b
Vattenborgen
SEURASAARI
Etclainen
Kaupungin
puutarha
Sturenk
Helsingeg
FÖLISON
Idrottsg,
Tivolintie
grand
katu
7L
Helsingin
Valan
Alpg
SECURITY
SÖRNÄINEN
SÖRNÄS
Humallahti
Helsingeg
Tarkelsbacken
Kesäranta
Parrukatu
Hummelviken
Toolon
Milintymes,
Bjälki
Agricolank
Agricolag
Eino Leinon katu
Mantymäki
When
Tallbacka
Fund
KALLIO
Rajasaarent
BERGHÄLL
Viides
Topeliuksen
Mässha
Messu-
puisto
Topelius-
Helsinging
Linjat
Flredje
Kank
parken
Linjerna
linjen,
Haapaniemen
Tenant
Hilik
Rajasaari
/
27
21
Råholmen
X
urh.kenttä
3
Sibeliuksen
puisto
linja
Rajasaa
Humalluodot
Sibelius
parken
sair
Töölönlahti
Stadsteatern
Hanasaari
Raholms Hummelgrunden
TAKA-TÖÖLÖ
Hanaholmen
laituri
BORTRE TOLO
Tölöviken
Tokoinranta
Kivela
Tokoistranden
sairaala
Hesperian
Hesperia
Toölöntori
puisto
sairaala
Tykistönk
5
3
Hesperia
Elaintarhanlahti
Siltasaari
Brohoimen
Kuulas
park
parken
Dunck
40
Hakaniemen silta
Hesperiank
Södra Hesperiag
Hakasalmen
Haguas
Sörnäisten satama
puisto
Pohjoinen
21
Finlandia-
Kaisaniemen
Pitkäsiltä
Hesperiankatu
Apol-
Kirjatyöntekijänk
aivalluoto
Etel.
19
Kasvitieteellinen
Hietaranta
lesgrundet
Taivallahden
Sandstrand
verkkopallokentät
Muscokatu
17
18
Töölön
Botaniska trädgården
Kor
Uimaranta
Juutalainen
turikatu
igatan
tavara-asema
KLUUVI
Kaisaniemi
Elisabetsg
His
Simstrand
hautausmaa
Hieta
katu
Tervasaari
urnhund
Sandnas
kaisenkj
3301
Tölö godsstation
GLOET
1250
Kajsaniemi
Tjärholmen
Hietaniemi
Puhe-
Kk1
Maneesikatu
Sandudd
Puutarhal
21
Y
Väinä
24
möisen
urheilu
Luther
13
11
Vironk
Estnäsgel
Pohjoissatama
28
Postikj
kenttäre
15
Mannerhe
Rauhankatu:
Halkolaituri
Norra hamnen
Arka-
dian
Ourit
katu Arkadiag
16
2
Rauta
KORKEASAARI
Hietanjemen hautausmaa
ETU-TÖÖLÖ
tientori
Kirkkok
Kyrkog
HÖGHOLMEN
Orama
Sandudds kyrkogård
Perhonk
FRÄMRE
Hietaniemenkatu
TÖLÖ
4
Lapinniemi
Lappoiken
Lappudden
Lappviken
Alkarnkatu
ergink
neimvagen
Meritullintori
Meritullinlaituri
14
Lapinlahti
Lapinlahti
Hallitusk
8
10
Kamping
5230
w20
E
Vanha Lutherilainen
52
ontori
23
Sulhanen
Malmink
21
1
KATAJA-
Iso-Passi
Morsian
esplanaden
Stora Bässen
Bruden
Brudgummen
Malmg
"Erottaja
NOKKA
Gamla Lutherska
Länsiväylä
Lapinlahdenk
S
G
12
-\äesplanadi
9
Kauppiaank
SKAT-
Lapinlahdentie
Kolerabassängen
7
8-10
UDDEN
51
laituri
Ortodoksinen
Lasten
KAUP
Ruoholahti
Spom. Kaartin
lehto
Vanha
Lybeckskajen
ol
hautsumas
hautausmaa
Gräsviken
45m
kirkko
Vironallas
Finska Gardets
Ortodoxa
Adinkatu
Pohi
Estbassängen
begravnings
Pakkahuoneenlaituri
/
kyrkogård
SALMISAARI
Bässgr
Kaupungin
platsen
SUNDHOLMEN
Porkalagatan
Porkkalankatu
KAMPEN
kortyanst
GARDES
STADEN
/
7
V
Ore:
If
sundsg
Östersjögatan
denranta
ejues
Ruohofah
Puejous
26
Magasinskajen
sales
13
Bangatan
Eteläsatama
DEW
Södra hamnen
END
Hietalahden
Punanotkon
amenk
Morst-
Tähtitornin vuori
Selkämeren
tori
Röddälds
30lympialaituri
SUOMENLINNA
Skallarstranden
Olympiakajen
SVEABORG
Ruoholahti
Valkosaarenkari
aarensalmi
PUNA
Gräsviken
Tahtitornink
6
VUORI
Blekholmagrundet
sösundet
laituri
RÖDBERGEN
unless
skulaituri
Seakook
Hietalahti
A
lägareg
laituri
Bergmansg
Valkornarensalmi
henk
Kvarny
Luoto
/,
Blekh
Hietasaarenk
ULLANLINNA
ULRIKASBORG
Vuorimie
Saukonpaasi
Utterhällen
Unerg
Kk
Murtajank
Pursimie
Fabriksgatan
Klippan
Sandviken
iemi
Utterkajen
laituri
Tehtaankatu
Pikkuluoto
ten
pnink
Makimage
Petersg
Lillklippen
katu
lackasaarenk
Mittaaja
Läntinen
Instinem
Pietarin
Laivan-
Tarmog
Artholmsg
EIRA
Laituri
Skepparedareg
KAIVOPUISTO
Jätkäsaari
Busholmen
/
BRUNNSPARKEN
Majak
/
Munkkisaari
Meritori
Kaivopuistonpaasi
Munkholmen
Allén
Haushamnen
J
Brunnsparkshällen
puisto
Merisstamaranta
Merisatama
Ullantinhan laituri
LÄNSISATAMA
Liuskaluoto
United
Ehr
Ulrikasborgsbryggan
VÄSTRA HAMNEN
Ursinin kallio
Skiffergrundet
/
Sirpalesalmi
Kaupunkimittausosasto, Helsinki 1974
Urains klippa
Uima-
Pohjoinen Uunisaari
Sirpalesaari
ranta
Norra Ugnsholmen
1:20000
Flisholmen
Etel. Uunisaari
Harakan laituri
0
500m
Hernesari
PIHLAJASAARI
S.Ugmholmen
Räntbryggan
Sarkka
C
Ärtholmen
RÖNNSKÄR
LAngören
.
Selitykset - Förklaringar - Explanations - Erklärungen
1. Kaupungin matkailutoimisto
1. City Tourist Office
2. Rautatieasema, Hotellikeskus
2. Railway Station, Hotel Booking
3. Helsingin kongressitoimisto
3. Helsinki Congress Bureau
4. Linja-autoasema
4. Bus Station
5. Lentotoimisto
5. Air Terminal
6. Eteläsataman matkustajalaituri
6. South Harbour
7. Katajanokan matkustajalaituri
7. Katajanokka Quay
8. Senaatintori ja Tuomiokirkko
8. Senate Square, Cathedral
9. Kauppatori (lautta Suomenlinnaan)
9. Market Square (ferry connection to Suomenlinna)
10. Pohjoisranta (lautta Korkeasaareen)
10. Pohjoisranta (ferry connection to Korkeasaari)
11. Suomen Kansallisteatteri
11. Finnish National Theatre
12. Ruotsalainen Teatteri
12. Swedish Theatre
13. Suomen Kansallisooppera
13. Finnish National Opera
14. Ateneumin Taidemuseo
14. Art Museum of the Ateneum
15. Konservatorio
15. Conservatoire
16. Postitalo
16. Main Post Office
17. Kansallismuseo
17. National Museum
18. Kaupunginmuseo
18. City Museum
19. Finlandia-talo
19. Finlandia Hall
20. Kulttuuritalo
20. House of Culture
21. Kaupunginteatteri
21. City Theatre
22. Linnanmäen huvipuisto ja Peacock-teatteri
22. Linnanmäki Amusement Park, Peacock Theatre
23. Uspenskin katedraali
23. Uspensky Cathedral
24. Temppeliaukion kirkko
24. Temppeliaukio Church
25. Olympiastadion ja uimastadion
25. Olympic Stadium, Swimming Stadium
26. Jäähalli
26. Ice Rink
27. Sibelius-monumentti
27. Sibelius Monument
28. Hietaniemen sankarihaudat
28. Hietaniemi War Cemetary
29. Helsingin Kansainvälinen Messukeskus
29. Helsinki International Fair Centre
HELSINGIN KAUPUNGIN
HELSINKI CITY TOURIST OFFICE
MATKAILUTOIMISTO
Pohjoisesplanadi 19
Pohjoisesplanadi 19
00100 Helsinki 10
00100 Helsinki 10
phone 1623217 and 174088
puh. 1623217 ja 174088
1. Stadens turistbyrå
1. Fremdenverkehrsamt der Stadt
2. Järnvägsstationen, Hotellcentralen
2. Bahnhof, Zimmernachweis
3. Helsingfors kongressbyrå
3. Kongressbüro Helsinki
4. Busstationen
4. Busbahnhof
5. Flygexpeditionen
5. Finnair-Stadtbüro
6. Södra hamnens passagerarkaj
6. Südhafen
7. Skatuddens passagerarkaj
7. Katajanokka-Hafen
8. Senatstorget och Domkyrkan
8. Senatsplatz, Dom
9. Salutorget (färjförbindelse med Sveaborg)
9. Marktplatz (Fährverbindung nach Suomenlinna)
10. Norrakajen (färjförbindelse med Högholmen)
10. Pohjoisranta (Fährverbindung nach Korkeasaari)
11. Finlands Nationalteater
11. Finnisches Nationaltheater
12. Svenska Teatern
12. Schwedisches Theater
13. Finlands Nationalopera
13. Finnlands Nationaloper
14. Konstmuseet i Ateneum
14. Kunstmuseum Athenäum
15. Konservatoriet
15. Konservatorium
16. Posthuset
16. Hauptpostamt
17. Nationalmuseet
17. Nationalmuseum
18. Stadsmuseet
18. Museum der Stadt Helsinki
19. Finlandia-huset
19. Finlandia-Halle
20. Kulturhuset
20. Kulturhaus
21. Stadsteatern
21. Stadttheater
22. Borgbackens nöjespark och Peacock-teatern
22. Vergnügungspark Linnanmäki und Peacock-Theater
23. Uspenskijkatedralen
23. Uspenski-Kathedrale
24. Tempelplatsens kyrka
24. Temppeliaukio Kirche
25. Olympiastadion och Simstadion
25. Olympiastadion, Schwimmstadion
26. Ishallen
26. Eissporthalle
27. Sibelius-monumentet
27. Sibelius-Monument
28. Sandudds hjältegravar
28. Hietaniemi-Heldenfriedhof
29. Helsingfors Internationella Mässcentrum
29. Internationales Messezentrum Helsinki
HELSINGFORS STADS
TURISTBYRÀ
FREMDENVERKEHRSAMT DER STADT HELSINKI
Norra esplanaden 19
Pohjoisesplanadi 19
00100 Helsingfors 10
00100 Helsinki 10
tel. 1623217 och 174088
Tel. 1623217 und 174088
Printed in Finland by Yhteiskirjapaino Oy
-BRIDGE
SEURASAARI SEURA
ISLAND
JULY 31
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ANTTI
FARMSTEAD
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FORD LIBRARY
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all
push
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FOLK DANCES
karjaph
FOLK MUSIC
navetta
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ANTTI FARMSTEAD
SEURASAARI
JULY31
WALHALLA
SUOMENLINNA
JULY 31
3
and
THE ROYAL GATE
in
WALHALLA
ROAD
<<<<<<< Iff
ROAD
3
minn
PATTI
BUS ROUTE LEAVING FROM ANTTI FARMSTEAD, SEURASARI
12 noon Antti Farmstead - Seuresaarentie - Paciuksenkatu -
Linnankoskenkatu - Mechelininkatu
12#10
Sibelius monument
12:15
Mechelininkatu - Etelä-Hesperiankatu - Mannerheimintie -
Kaivokatu - Keskuskatu - Aleksantewinkatu - Mariankatu -
Katajanokanlaituri - Satamakatu - Laivastokatu -
J#änsärkij#laituri.
12:25
KatajanokanXM XXXXXXXXXXXXX. jMänsärkij#Aaituri
(icebreaker pier)
"SAARISTO" LAIVA (BOAT)
FORD
LIBRARY
ANTTI 31.7.75
Länsi-Suomessa jo rautakaudella kiinteästi
Already in the Iron Age settled districts of
asuttuna ollut ylläpitää edelleenkin vanhoja
the west of Finland retain old rich traditions
omintakeisia pitopsrinteitään. Säkylän
concerning festive occasions. Many weddings,
Antintalossa vietettiin viime vuosisadan
funerals and occasions controlling folk's
lopulla monia häitä, hautajaisia ja luku-
ability to read were celebrated in the farm-
pitoja.
stead Antti (from Säkylä) at the end of the
Taloon saapuvalle vieraalle tarjottiin
19th century. The guests of the farmstead
pidoissa aluksi jotain juotavaa.
were at first treated with drinkings. The
Ruokailu alkoi kylmillä alkuruoilla, usein
eating was started with cold dishes, often
ne oli katettu runsaaseen voileipäpöytään.
they were laid in rich hors d'oeuvres buffet.
Alkuruokien jälkeen herkuteltiin keitolla,
After the cold dishes the guests feasted upon
klimppisopalla, sitten tarjottiin ohraryyni-
soups and beefstew with dumplings. Barley
puuroa, paistia ja perunoita, lopuksi
porridge, steak and many kinds of desserts
monenlaisia jälkiruokia, esim. pannukakkuja
B.g. pancakes or prunes in thick cream and
ja luumukräämiä ja viimeksi kahvia.
coffee were served next. - Now we are going
Nyt tarjolla on joitakin tyypillisiä länsi-
to feast upon some cold dishes typical of
suomalaisia ruokia:
Finland: rye meal spiced bread with potato
imellettyä perunalimppua, voita, kraavia
flour, butter, salted whitefish, goat's
siikaa, kutunjuustoa, palvattua lampaan-
milk cheese, smoked roast mutton, malt
lihaa, kaljaa ja piimää.
homebrew and sour milk.
E
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MUSEUM
SEURASAARI FOUNDATION
Fuijamiestentie 10
Mäyrätie 6 A
00320 Helsinki 32
00800 Helsinki 80
Haapahoski
Hietakyla
Soinitensaime
Kermajdres
PTutjunnemi
Surnuinmäki
Sorsakoski
1808
20
Hankavesi
5
Helnävesi
Olibia
Holieta
Laukaa
145
Unnukka
Niinimäki
Tikkala
Kynsivesi
Heinäveden as
Oravisale
Jappila
2
Kompakka
Vatala
Vihtari
-
Kanraalinkylä
fihusniemi
70
Sappu
Onkamo
37
Hankasalmi
Kankainen
Syrja
* Rääkkylä
Pakkula
Signa
Paltanen
&
Sarkamaki
Saarivaara
25
Malkkila
F
Polläkkä
Vehetmäki
Rasivaara
on
Varkays
o
Kangaslampi
54
Saimen
20
Tohmajärvi
Värtsila
Niemisiän
Hankasalmen as
Harjuranta
Leipämäki
33
Kemie
Uusi-Värtsilä
Naarajärv
Pieksämäki
Maavesi
Palviainen
Viljolahti
koskin
H
Nurala
Lievestuore
F
Leppälahti
Huutokoski
Teemassaari
4
Savonranta
Heinoniemi
Haarajárvi
20
35
Tolosenmäki
Ruuhimäki
500
Joroinen
X
Torasalo
8
Dravassari
Koittila
Kitee
Halkokompu
Montola
Virtasalmi
Oravi
Huikko
is
Puhos
Keskisaari
11
Nykalä
Toivakk
Makkola
Kantala
161
Kerisald
LINNANSAAREN
KANS
PUISTO
Enonkoski
äärämäki
Itl,
Korkeakangas
NEUVOST
Kutemajärvi,
Hällinmäki
Lahdenkylä
Juvoia
13
Lahnalahti
Rantasalmi
Raikuu
imaki
Simanala
39
71
Juurikka
Saynejary
Vehmaskyla
59
Haukivuoren as.
Ramasalmen 25.
Salmenkyla
Narila
Kumpuranta
-
Makkola
39
Paiviala
EEC
&
SOVJET
Alakuona
Valkeavaara
Kobiseva
Miismaki
Kangasaiemi
Haukivuon
104
Parkumäki
Närsäkkälä
Pylvänälä
123
47
taapalahti
9
to
Kerimäki
Arttolahli
Kyyvesi
M
Kallislahti
Kesälahti
72
Ronkala
Anttola
Leivonmäki
Juva
of
Hokks
Läsänkosk
Vehmas
Tunnila
13
14
17
Pyhäjärvi
Kalvitsa
*
Savonlinna
14
Olavinlinna
Kissala
170
Kala
istrueta
Ihastjarvi
Olofsborg
Punkaharju
Uukuniemi
37
42
drvi
Harjumaa
Kipola
HAKEMISTO
Moinniemi
Punkasaim
25
24
13
Lauteals
Niukkala
Tammilahti
Vanhamaki
Vanhala
Hiirola
Sulkava
*
Kolkanranta
Linnevuoris
F
VERZEICHNIS
Parnameki
a
Huuhanaho
F
Vekara
Putikko
Joutso
8
Koikkala
Peliossalo
Konpoh
Tuukkala
Mikkeli
Rahula
30
156
Kaupungit
Städer
Saan
Stödte
Towns
Suppler
Ryhala
Hämeenkyrö
E-18
Poyry
Ylivesi
Kesusmaa
40
Auvila
Lohikoski
Sarkisa
Borgã
G-21
6.11
Ekenäs
E - 22
littala
F - 19
Umaniemi
Hirvensalmi
Tubkka
Luonteri
Kaipaala
Vunnimiemi
Esbo
F - 21
fimajoki
0-16
Nekks
Otava
Parkkila
Espoo
F - 21
Homantsi
M-16
Jääsjärvi
5
Parikkala
Forssa
E - 20
Inari
Porrassalmi
A ttola
j.4
Luukkomen
Melkoniem
Gamlakarleby
E-14
Inkeroinen
H.20
Ruorasmaki
Sarkilahti
Grankulla
F - 21
Isojoki
C-17
Hartola
61'30
Hamina
J-20
tsakyrd
0.15
Hietanen
Hango
0.22
Ivalo
J 4
Puntala
25
Puumala
F
Hanko
0 - 22
Jaala
M-19
Vehkalahti
Tuustaipale
Heinola
H - 19
Jalasjárvi
D-17
Tilikkala
Huuhkala
Pohia-Lankila
Helsingfors
F - 21
Joketa
F - 20
Ristiina
Simpele
Helsinki
F 21
Jokioinen
E-20
Pertunmaa
Kuomiolahti
Brahelinna
Someenjár
Hurissale
*
Hyvinkää
F - 20
Joroinen
J-17
2
13
Erajarvi
0
Luukkola
Hameenlinna
F - 20
Joutsa
M-18
12
lisalmi
J-14
Joutseno
K-19
Kuortt
Rubkotaipate
Us
Syvspohta
Imatra
K-19
Juankoski
K - 15
19
прад
Jakobstad
0.14
Juoksenk
E I
Onkiniemi
Joensuu
L-16
Jurva
C-16
5
Justa
L-15
Montyharju
Kiljula
34
Laikko
Jyvaskyla
G-17
24
THE
Virmutjoki
Jarvenpaä
Jura
J-18
Punkka
128
KARVUORI
G-21
Hännild
Miettilä
Kajaani
J-13
Jämsänkoski
G - 18
Varganen
Kankaanpäll
Jäppila
J-17
D - 18
Ruokolahu
C - 17
Järvelä
G-20
Kaskinen
Koskenmylly
Rautjarvi
Kaariela
E-14
Suomenniemi
Kuivainen
Kasko
C - 17
Ahvenisto
m
Kaavi
K - 16
Nurmaa
Halmeniemi
Kaumamen
F-21
Kenu
Kalajoki
E-13
Lusi
Vuoksenniska Immola
F - 10
Partekocki
Kangasala
F - 19
Kemijärvi
J-B
/Hirvisale
18
Kangasniemi
H-18
Kerava
G-21
Voikoski
Levanen
Tainionkosking
Kannonkoski
G-16
Saikkola
Kokkola
E-14
Heinolan mlk.
Kannus
E-14
Valtola
Savitalpale
Kotka
H-21
Karesuvanto
D-5
Volijarei
104
&
*
Rauha
Imatra
Kouvola
H - 20
Karigasniemi
G-3
Heinola
106
Kristnankaupunki
C-17
Karinamen
0-20
Kristinestad
C - 17
Huhdasjavi
13
Karstula
F-15
Taipalsaari
Kuopio
J-16
32
Vuoksi
Karvia
D-17
Kuusankoski
M-20
15
Kauhajoki
D-17
Jimila
Joutseno
Lahti
G-20
Kauhava
E-15
Lappeenranta
K - 19
Heiturnlaht
Kauklahti
F - 21
F
Salo-Issakka
Lieksa
M-15
Vuolenkoski
Nisus
Vuohijärvi
Kausala
N-20
Lohja
F-21
Luotola
Lauritsola
Kauttua
D-19
D
Tuohikotti
Leimas
E - 20
Kauvatsa
0.19
R
Munteenkyla
Lemi
Preenranta
61'
Lovisa
H-21
&
Keikya
D-19
Ruuhijärvi
Lovisa
N - 21
Jaala
Selänpää
Selkäharigen
Konnunsuo
Keitele
M-15
Lokanen
Lempiala
Maarianhamina
A-21
Kemio
0.21
Kimola
30
Saimaan
Mariehamn
A - 21
Kempele
G-12
Nuijamaa
Mikketi
J-18
Kerimaki
L.18
Kymenlaka
24
Kivijärvi
Hvtti
Rapatila
Mantta
F - 17
Kestilä
H-13
RESI
Naantali
D-21
Kannuskoski
Voikkee
25
.........................
Nurmes
L-14
Kesalahti
L-18
A
Keuruu
F-17
65F)
SALPAUSSELKA
Pulsa
Nykarleby
0.14
Simola
Kihniö
E-17
litti
Luumation as
Outo
6-11
uusankoski
Valkeala
Pieksämäki
Kikala
E-21
J-17
1
Taavelt
Luumake
Pretarsaari
D-14
Kukka
0.19
Uusikylä
81
Suoanttila
Pori
C-19
Kilpisiäne
83
SSELKA
*
Kaipiainen
Sirkjärvi
Vainikkala
Porwoo
Kimite
0.21
G-21
litti
Kirkkonummi
F-21
Raahe
Kuivanto
F-12
Kausala
Raisio
Kitee
M-17
Khuvola
D-21
Rauma
KHLIS
F-C
C-19
Sääskjärvi
16
Enajarvi
Ylämaa
Koria
Savero
Villata
Haspakimola
39
61
29
Muurola
yllykoski
6
Frank Jadon
654
Ann Compton
674
Town Hall
/ 100 Gil
you Meters
por
MARIMEKKO OY
July 25, 1975
INFORMATION ON MARIMEKKO OY
Name of the company
Marimekko Oy
Established
1951
Founder and President
Mrs Armi Ratia
of the company
Vice-Presidents
Mr Ristomatti Ratia, creative Vice-President
Mr Asko Kousa, operative Vice-President
Marketing Director
Mrs Marja-Terttu Vuorimaa
Art Director
Mrs Hilkka Rahikainen-Haapman
Trademark
Marimekko R , registered in 61 countries
Turnover
40 million Fmk
Number of staff
390
Factories
Vanha Talvitie 3, Helsinki 50 : offices, hand-
printing, tailoring and ready-to-wear production.
Sorvaajankatu 10-14, Helsinki 80; printing,
finishing and main stock.
Kitee, Finland: ready-to-wear production unit.
Production 1974
Fabrics: 1 902 000 meters of which 27 per cent
was printed for dresses and shirt production.
Clothing: 200 000 dresses and shirts, about
30 000 other articles e.g. aprons, napkins,
purses.
Distribution
In Finland: 6 own Marimekko shops and 150
retailers.
In Sweden: 2 own shops and retailers.
Abroad: 250 representatives, agents or retailers.
Export
Approximately 60 per cent of the production was
exported to most European countries, USA,
Canada, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Africa,
23 countries in all.
Design export
License manufacturing of Marimekko R household
textiles in Japan by Nishikawa Sangyo Co.
License manufacturing of Marimekko R tricots
in USA by Design Research Inc.
(Vuokko)
And the last but certainly not the least part of
our show is Vuokko.
Vuokko Eskolin-Nurmesniemi designs all the fabrics
Good afternoon, ladies
and dresses made by the company, also all the furnishing
fabrics and accessories. She does not make "fashion"
Here in Finland, every third woman in Finnish industry
in the narrow sense of the word: everything is planned
is employed by the clothing and textile industry. Their
and made with design and high quality in mind.
work accounts for about 7 % of all industrial production.
Vuokko has always aimed at using natural lines and
We export nearly half of this production. The most
fibers. 100 % cotton, jute, wool muslin and jacquard
important export countries are sweden and the Soviet
wool are the materials she uses for her creations.
Union, our nearest neighbors. Other large export
countries are norway, Denmark and Great Britain.
We are happy to be able to show you here what the Finnish
clothing industry produces. You'll see Marimekko's
collection, Polar-Turkis furs, Friitala leather garments,
And this is where we'll end our show. There's an
and, finally, dresses by Vuokko.
information desk at your service near the entrance
to give you all the additional facts on these
companies, and dresses which where shown.
Thank you for your attention, and I wish you a
very pleasant stay in Finland.
(Marimekko)
And now let's have a look at Finnish leather fashion
presented by Friitala. Here in Finland, and in many
other countries, Friitala really means leather.
The company, which has over 80 years of experience in
The fashion show begins with Marimekko's collection.
tanning leather, makes leather garments, bags, belts.
Marimekko was born almost 25 years ago. Today the name
It also produces leather for the shoe and furniture
is a concept and to many a way of life.
industries.
You cannot speak of Marimekko without speaking of Armi
The company started just as many other Finnish firms
Ratia, whom they call Old Mama at the factory. It
did: with one man and a small handicrafts shop. Today
was her idea to start printing fabrics as non-figurative,
Friitala employs 1,500 persons in six factories in
geometric graphic art.
Finland and abroad.
Along with the printed fabrics, the dress was born.
The best known part of Friitala's production is its
Armi's original idea of clothing was an all purpose
leather garments, they're a true example of fine
dress made of printed cotton fabric for women of all
quality: good design, top-class leather and excellent
ages and sizes.
craftmanship.
Next we'll see fur coats presented by Polar-Turkis.
Today Marimekko employs about 400 people. The company
is mainly led by women. About 60 % of production is
This company is specialized in boutique production,
that's why all the fur coats are one-of-a-kind.
exported, USA beeing the biggest export market.
Polar-Turkis uses partly furs found in Finland,
You will get an idea of the special world of Marimekko
including fox in various colors, and Saga mink.
from the decor of this room. The tablecloths, napkins,
Other pelts are bought in the world's great fur
candles, flowers, waiters' outfits - all are from
centers.
Marimekko.
This company will show us now broadtail, mink, blue
fox, wolf, chinchilla, seal and many other types of
exotic furs.
2
Good afternoon, ladies
Let's begin with Marimekko's collection. MARIMEKKO was born
Finnish clothing designers don't aim at creating design:
nearly 25 years ago, after the war. Today it is actually
they are more interested in creating CLOTHING. Unique,
a concept and some say, a way of life.
functional, flattering. Keeping in mind the whole time
You can't speak of Marimekko without speaking of Armi Ratia,
that there are different kinds of people and ways of life:
the factory's grand old lady. It was her idea to print fabrics
there are typists in offices, housewives with little children,
in an old oilcloth printing plant - not traditional patterns,
women whose work is public relations.
but bold non-figurative, geometrical prints which were relevant
Every third woman in Finnish industry is employed by the
to modern Finnish architecure. Along with fabrics for interior
clothing and textile industry. Their work accounts for about
decorating, a new type of dress was born. Armi's idea of cloth-
7 % of all industrial production.
ing was an all-purpose dress made of printed cotton fabrics
for women of all ages and sizes no matter what they did in their
We export nearly half of this production. The most important
daily life.
export countries are Sweden and the Soviet Union, our nearest
Today there are 400 members in the Marimekko family. The company
neighbors. Other large export countries are Norway, Denmark
as and has always been led mainly by women. About 60 % of pro-
and Great Britain.
duction is exported. Marimekko ia a strong, growing company,
busy building new factories and continually developing new ideas
We are happy to be able to show you here what the Finnish
and products.
clothing industry produces. You'll see Marimekko's collection.
Polar-Turkis furs, Friitala leather garments, and, finally,
The Marimekko trademark has been licenced to reliable companies
dresses by Vuokko.
in Japan and the USA, which is also the largest export country.
All of them are good examples of Finnish clothing design.
You can get an idea of the colorful, atmospheric world of Mari-
mekko from the decor of this room. The tablecloths, candles,
flowers, waiters and waitress uniforms - all are Marimokko
Next we'll see furs presented by Polar-Turkis. This company
specializes in boutique production, which is why all the furs are
one- of - a - kind.
Polar-Turkis uses types of furs found in Finland for its range
including fox in various colors, and Saga mink. Saga is a brand
name given only to the best Scandinavian mink. Other pelts are
bought in the world's great fur conters.
This company, which exports a great deal of its output, will
show us luxurious broadtail, mink, blue fox, chinchilla, seal
and many types of exotic furs.
3.
4.
And the last but certainly not the leats part of our show is
Vuokko,
Vuokko Eskolin-Nurmesniemi designs all the fabrics and dresses
And now let's have a look at Finnish leather fashion presented
mado by the company, all the furnishing fabrics and accessories
by FRIITALA. Here in Finland, and in many other countries these
She does't make "fashion" in the narrow sense of the word:
days, Friitala really means leather.
everything is made and plannod with design and high quality in
The company, which has over 80 years of experience in leather
Vuokko Nurmesnicmi has also always aimed at using natural lines
manufacture, makes leather garments, bags, belts. It also
and fibers. 100 % cotton, jute, wool muslin and jacquard wool
produces leather for the leather garment industry, the shoe and
are the materials she uses for her creations.
furniture industries.
The company started just as many other Finnish firms did: with
a man and a small handicrafts shop, where this man was both
And this is where we'll end our show. There's an information
manager and errand boy. Today Friitala employs 1500 persons
in six factories in Finland and the Federal Republic of Germany.
desk at your service near the entran e to give you all the addit
Friitala also has two cooperative plants in Iceland.
facts on these companies.
The part of Friitala's production which is best known both
We'd like to thank you for attention, and wish you a pleasant
stay here in Finland.
here and abroad is its leather garments, they're a true example
of fine quality right down the line: good design, top-notch leather
and excellent craftsmanship. About half of these garments go
for export.
THE NATIONAL BOARD OF ANTIQUITIES
AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
The National Museum of Finland/
Seurasaari Open Air Museum
Helsinki is situated on a peninsula jutting out into the Gulf
of Finland. This peninsula is surrounded, on three sides, by
an archipelago with numerous recreation grounds for townspeople.
Besides their natural beauty many islands also offer other things
worth seeing. The group of islands of Viapori (Suomenlinna) was
built as a sea fortress in the 18th century. On the island of
Seurasaari there is an open air museum, and on that of Korkea-
saari a zoological garden.
The Open Air Museum of Seurasaari was founded in 1909. It is
a part of the National Museum of Finland - the hightowered
building in the nationalromantic style of 1900 opposite the
conference place Finlandia. The idea of Professor Heikel, the
founder of this open air museum, was to bring together in Seura-
saari characteristic specimens of peasant architecture from all
Finnish provinces. Collecting is still going on according to the
same principle. It is worth noticing that so many phenomena of
Finnish popular culture remind one of the fact that this country
is situated on either side of the border between East European
and West European culture: we have received cultural impulses
both from the East and from the West and as a result, there are
marked local differences in the ways of building and living in
this country.
All the houses which have been brought to Seurasaari are of
wood, and most of them date back to the 18th and 19th centuries.
They have been pulled down in their original places beam by beam,
and re-erected in Seurasaari in the same order. The oldest
building is a church from 1686.
We are going to visit the peasant house of Antti, characteristic
of a well-to-do farming district in West-Finland. This farm-
house has been built all around a courtyard, and thus it is of
a type that goes back to Middle Ages. The rectangular plan and
GERALD FORD
the striving for symmetry, again, are stylistic features
belonging to Modern Times. Enclosed yards, shut in by buildings,
were fairly common in the western parts of South-Finland. They
seem to have developed in large villages where the common land
had been divided between the farmers in relatively small plots
lying side by side. But enclosed yards were built also in smaller
villages which were not short of land. A house built like this
was a kind of fortress: it protected children and domestic ani-
mals, when out of doors in the yard, against wild beasts, espe-
cially in winter.
The farm house of Antti is of medium size - there were also larger
houses in the same village. A part of its buildings are from the
18th century, the main building of 1811, and the rest from later
19th century. The complex was transferred to the museum in
1930-31, at a date when it already was a solitary exponent of a
form of building that had slowly vanished in the course of the
.
19th century. During the life time of its last owners the farm
comprised some 50 acres of fields and natural meadows which
provided the cattle with forage. The number of cows was usually
12 and of draughtoxen 2 pairs (the West-European usage of em-
ploying oxen as beasts of burden was practised in Finland only
within a small area in the south-western part of the country).
In addition, there were horses, sheep and pigs. The farm was run
by a family consisting of the parents and four children, together
with three female and three male servants.
According to the system of heritage in West-Finland, the eldest
son inherited the whole house, and the other children left the
paternal house when they got married. The unmarried, however,
stayed at the house and worked for it. They were given a room
or a building of their own to live in. At the farm-house of
Antti, the building of the master's brother, the so-called
Uncle's Cottage, has been placed in the centre of the enclosure,
between the so called man-yard and the barn-yard. The uncle also
could have a horse of his own, bred up on the farm, and dispose
of certain strips of ploughed land, of which he received the
income. After his death these strips of land returned to the farm.
The essential property of a Finnish peasant-house consisted
of its forests - they were the farmer's true bank where he
could have money when he needed. In older times, during the
era of wooden sailing vessels, a lot of tar was needed, and
forests were wasted when wood was burnt to make tar. But in
the 19th century sawmill industry began to develop, and even
today the products of wood-processing industry belong to our
most important export articles.
In the 19th century and even the first half of the present one,
farming people were still highly self-supporting. All victuals,
excepting salt, coffee and sugar, were obtained from the own
farms. The clothes, too, were made of own rawmaterials. Wool
was taken from own sheep, flax was cultivated, worked up to
thread and woven into linen at home. Various phases os the
treatment of flax will be demonstrated.
Welcome to Finland.
Now that you are here, you may want a quick picture
of the country, the people and the feeling of it.
The British Vogue asked me to sketch my Finland
some years ago. Iwrote "Cry is my message,
laugh is my weapon". Now reading it, I feel
that it still says very much of what is Finland to me.
Yours sincerely
Armi Ratia Ratio
FORD
GERALD
cry is my message, laugh is my weapon
by Armi Ratia
I tried to get a telephone call to Helsinki
vival, but I have a feeling that we also want
to be a most faithful friend. The Finns have
from New York.
to put values in such order that power,
a sense of humour, too, but it is difficult
"Operator, please give me Helsinki,
money or suffering do not reach us. We
to cross the language barrier.
Finland."
Finns are considered to be rough, boring,
And their slowness can be deceiving.
"What-where is that
silent, slow. But perhaps too many foreign
When you see Finns in winter in heavy
"Finland-that is the country. Finland.
promises have proved empty.
dark coats, boots and fur hats, awkwardly
FINLAND. F-I-N-L-A-N-D. It is between
The first Englishman who came here we
moving like bundles on the streets you
Russia and Sweden."
killed before he had time to explain the
cannot mistake them for French or Italian.
"Oh, Sweden, of course
"
reason for his visit. He was Bishop Henry
But when the precious sun comes, it floats
"NOT Sweden. Finland
"
who only wanted to give us pagans the
into their veins and you can see them dance
I got my call finally, but learned again how
blessings of Christendom. Since then we
and dance in the open air and on the
small and how little known a country
have had a much more practical and polite
jetties. Music means much to the Finns,
Finland is. Even if it covers a larger-area
relationship. Britain is our biggest buyer of
being one of the channels for their feelings
than England, Scotland and Ireland together.
paper, pulp and timber.
and one of their talents.
The map of Finland looks like a female
On closer contact you will find a Finn
(continued on page 125)
figure. The lady has Russia on the east and
Sweden on the west. Her shirt is in the
Gulf of Finland, and her head touches the
Arctic Ocean. That gives quite a good pic-
ture of Finland's geographical and political
position-and her economie position, too.
Finland was part of the Swedish empire
for about 650 years, from the middle of the
12th century until 1809. Then the Czar,
Alexander I, made Finland an autonomous
Grand Duchy.
Now she has been independent for fifty
years. How is it possible, after all those
phases in history, after forty-two wars with
Russia-all lost-and after the powerful
influence of Sweden on our culture, religion
and economy, that we are still Finns
and Finland?
In fact, during the centuries we have
grown independent in the real sense of the
word. We came to this country not as a
subordinated horde of soldiers or as pil-
grims. We came towards new forests as
individuals, hunters and fishermen and it
took time before we started agriculture and
even longer-fifty years longer than others
in Europe-to start industry. That might
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
partially explain our fierce sense of freedom.
We seem capable of feeling free. It may
be innocence or ignorance or simply sur-
Left: Heavy cotton culotte dress plays tiddleywinks with green, red and yellow. £18; yellow hat, £4. Lipstick. Nivea's In Pink
Above: Mandarin jacket zips over a striped T-shirt, with a dirndl skirt-black on grey thick cotton. £12 10s. Boots, botl
pages, £8. All by Marimekko, at Simpson. All photographed by the lakes around Porvoo. Sizes, colours, FCC Stockist
cry is my message, laugh is my weapon
continued from page 109
LIBRARY
They say that Sibelius might have never become so well known if his
bird-and their homesickness becomes bigger than dollars, pounds
Valse Triste had not suddenly been played in every café in Paris.
and francs. That is true. We Finns voluntarily live in this cold, expen-
Now Sibelius is famous for his symphonies and no Finn can listen to
sive, demanding hard country of ours. We may rebel and we criticise
Finlandia without pride. In fact, Finlandia tells so much of Finland
the government, the system, the stupid leaders as in every other
that you see the lacework of lakes (more than half of our country
country, but don't you dare to come and tell that to us, YOU. We
is covered by water), you see our hills, green lovely slopes in Karelia,
want to solve the same problems as other people today all over the
endless swamps with fierce colours and the pointed fur trees, sad
globe in our own obstinate, free, persistent way. We have to find our
but lushy, and the virginal birch trees standing white. After the ice
liberation as human beings with senses sharpened to the dangers of
age, granite-the reddish groundrock, old as the Himalayas-was
a small country, where isolation may feel depressing and the limits
violently thrown over Finland. You can see those rocks in surprising
too overpowering. Our young people are very healthy and strong.
places, looking like the aftermath ofa giant's ballgame. Napoleon's
We have a beautiful country to put on the map of the world and we
grave in Paris is made from Finnish granite.
will do it. With science, with innovation, with talent, with courage.
In the arts, architecture must come first. Professor Alvar Aalto's
There are people who say that Finns only get out from their self-
famous diagonal stroke and his individual genius is unquestionable.
conscious shell by drinking or by acting. That's why we have so many
He still creates today and his sarcasm is still biting el gantly. Small
theatres, at least one in every bigger town and hundreds of amateur
Aaltos around the world are as many as Corbusiers or Mies van der
theatres. Shakespeare is the most popular writer-871 performances
Rohes. We lost a fine architect and fine person in Viljo Revell, whose
during the last ten years-next come Molière, Chekhov and Shaw.
Toronto Town Hall is the pride of Canada. Then there is Professor
Isn't it strange that in a language which only 4.8 million stubborn
Aarno Ruusuvuori, who as a teacher has given aesthetic tools to
people speak, more literature is published per person than anywhere
generations of architects and is leaving a lasting mark in Helsinki.
else in the whole world? The Finns read. In 1686 the wise Bishop
Some churches and factory buildings also show his master hand.
Gezelius demanded that all who wished to get married should learn
There are others-Heikki Sirén, Aarne Ervi, Reima Pietilä
and
Luther's Small Catechism. So only people able to read could get
many young ones coming.
married
So even the dullest of boys and girls in Finland can read.
One thing that all foreigners notice is women working in the fields.
In Finnish literature, Aleksis Kivi is the name. His Seven Brothers
You also see women working beside men on buildings and even
reflects Finnish characteristics so well that once an American diplo-
repairing roads. You meet them as uniformed busdrivers, tramdrivers,
mat looked around at a cocktail party and found all those seven
postwomen and working in petrol stations. Almost all our dentists
characters present: Juhani, Simeoni, Aspo, Timo, Lauri, Toumas and
are women, and many are doctors, architects, engineers. Women take
Eero. And then we have our national epic, Kalerala, and miles of
part in politics and social organisations, but although quite common
national poetry where all the ancient wisdom is collected. Modern
in middle management, they are rare in high business positions.
Finnish literature loses so much in translation. But that happens in
The sauna, when taken correctly and not with all the frightening
every language.
aspects of bad commercial fakes-suffocating heat, hot waves and
Finnish is extremely difficult to learn. With its many singing
bruising "vasta" made of birch--becomes a mental as well as physical
vowels it reminds one of some southern tropical island: Jo valkenee
passion. In a real sauna you just feel the luxury of warmth, water
kaukainen ranta ja koillisesti aurinko nousee
Hard to believe but
and total cleanliness. The sauna John Cowan photographed on page
you could find a Finnish word with one consonant and seven vowels:
108 is my own in the end of a long jetty, a former boathouse,
hääyöaie, which means "intention to spend a wedding night".
where old Jussi built one of the best saunas in Finland, air circulating
After Vogue's fashion team worked through minus 25 deg centigrade
perfectly, two windows giving a view of land and sea and the biggest
here, John Huston came with a crew of 120 people to film The Kremlin
swimming pool of all, the Gulf of Finland. In winter there is a hole
Letter which takes place partly in Moscow. This is the third time
in the thick ice and I dip in it and have not died.
Helsinki and Finland have had the honour to act as Russia. First
Finnish cooking is mainly Russian and heavy. There is too much
came Doctor Zhivago, then Billion Dollar Brain, and now Richard
fat in it and it is one of the main causes of illness. But the crayfish—
Boone, Patrick O'Neal and Barbara Parkins wade in three yards of snow
they are a chapter on their own. These baby lobsters are the reason
and minus 20 deg centigrade with their Kremlin Letter around Helsinki.
for a row of parties beginning in July and only ending when even the
I only hope they do not get the idea of making a film from Helsinki in
most passionate crayfish eaters find the scale too hard. Quite a lot of
Moscow, since we still consider we are a part of western civilisation in
vodka belongs to the ritual. The Finns drink. Yes, they do, but no
spite of the strong strokes of the east in our mental make-up.
more than other northern countries and only half what Americans
"How do you personally feel that borderline of east and west, Mrs
consume a year.
Ratia? I was asked in London. "Well, the western in me is more
What is it like to live in Finland? Finns travel a lot and they could
rational, the eastern more calmly calculating and cruel. The western
easily get work in other countries, being considered an honest, hard-
is more composed, conscious and alert, the eastern letting go, senti-
working and quite capable people. But-as an American told me-
mental, fierce in joy and sorrow. As a Finn, cry is my message, laugh
Finnish girls are good only until they get that dreamy look and begin
is my weapon."
to speak about midsummer in Finland and the Käki--the cuckoo
For travel notes, see overleaf
125
HELSINKI
Airport
VASTRA MOTORVAGEN
Kalastajatorppa
Hotel
PAGIUK KSENKATU
ITAVAYLA
TUKHOLMAN
HELSINGEG
Hesperia
HAMEENTIE
Hotel
Finlandia
Hall
/
USIS
ARKADIAN KATU
POHJOISRANTA
SALOMONSG
RHEIMVA
Presidential
Palace
OSTERSJOGATAN
STATE
BULEVARDEN
DRUMSOVAGEN
SKEPPAREGATAN
AVENEN V801S
Embassy &
Residence
FHRENST
(Ambassador)
2168 7-75 STATE(RGE)