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National Congress of American Indians Convention
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1103401
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National Congress of American Indians Convention
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collections
Bradley H. Patterson Files (Ford Administration)
Bradley Patterson's Native American Programs Files
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Presidential messages
Indians of North America
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1976
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The original documents are located in Box 4, folder "National Congress of American
Indians Convention" of the Bradley H. Patterson Files at the
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 4 of the Bradley H. Patterson Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Borgteon Meno R. FORD
Solf Det
GERALD LIBRARY
BIA ocg. Jurisdict
33rd Cow.
1E Committee
Health line
Wid- guid
the - BHP
\
1-
tru
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Larry Baca
India
HLS
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 23
Bill -
There are two major, national,
Indian organizations, and this is one of them
(the largest and olnest).
I shall certainly be recommending to you
that you OK my going, but before I do that, a
question:
Do you think there is any chance that
the President might like to drop in on this
group that week? May I take it up with
Nicholson ? (We could produce an invitation,
I am sure, to him, but I wouldn't want to do
this without knowing that the boss would
probably accept it.)
Talk to Nicholson
B
FORD & LIBRARY
Forget it re the President
See me
Boad
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 31
NOTE TO BILL NICHOLSON
I think the President has been
,
,
invited to this gathering.
I expect to be there, maybe most
of the week.
With Bill Baroody's concurrence,
I bring this invitation to your attention
with the thought that possibly the President
or a member of the First Family might like
to come. The Carter people, I believe, will
be represented.
Would you let me know if there is
any interest?
Brad
FORD LIBRARY & 9470
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Sept. 3, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
SUSAN PORTER
FROM:
WILLIAM NICHOLSON wwn
SUBJECT:
National Congress of American Indians
Salt Lake City, week of Oct. 18-22
The attached is referred for Steve Ford's consideration.
CC: Brad Patterson
GREAT of FORD (TERRA)
to SUSAN Porter
for Consid. STEVE Ford's
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Advise Brad of
the shirt.
August 31
NOTE TO BILL NICHOLSON
I think the President has been
invited to this gathering.
I expect to be there, maybe most
of the week.
With Bill Baroody's concurrence,
I bring this invitation to your attention
with the thought that possibly the President
or a member of the First Family might like
to come. The Carter people, I believe, will
be represented.
Would you let me know if there is
any interest?
Brad
FORD LIBRARY 07VN38
NATIONAL
CONGRESS
OF
SUITE 700, 1430 K STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 (202) 347-9520
AMERICAN
-INDIANS-
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
August 18, 1976
PRESIDENT
Mel Tonasket
Colville
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
Mr. Brad Patterson
Veronica Murdock
Assistant Director
Mohave
Presidential Personnel Office
TREASURER
The White House
Ray Goetting
Caddo
Washington, D.C. 20500
RECORDING SECRETARY
Ramona Bennett
Dear Mr. Patterson:
Puyallup
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
The 33rd annual convention of the National Congress
Charles Trimble
of American Indians will be held in Salt Lake City, Utah, the
Oglala Sioux
week of October 18-22, 1976, at the Salt Palace.
AREA VICE PRESIDENTS
ABERDEEN AREA
The NCAI convention is the largest and most rep-
Joe Chase
resentative annual meeting of Indian tribes in the U.S.
Mandan
This year we expect approximately 2,500 people including
ALASKA AREA
official representatives from more than 150 tribes.
Gordon Jackson
Tlinget
We would be deeply honored if you could come and
ANADARKO AREA
give an address at the opening session of the convention
Juanita Ahtone
on Monday, October 18.
Kiowa
BILLINGS AREA
We await your reply.
Ray Spang
FORD LIBRARY is
Northern Cheyenne
GALLUP AREA
Victor Sarracino
Respectfully yours,
Laguna
MINNEAPOLIS AREA
Stanley Webster
Chanb E.Jinah &
Oneida
MUSKOGEE AREA
Charles E. Trimble
Katharine Whitehorn
Executive Director
Osage
PHOENIX AREA
Irene Cuch
Ute
PORTLAND AREA
Roger Jim
Yakima
SACRAMENTO AREA
Rachel Nabahe
Shoshone/Paiute
SOUTHEAST AREA
Jonathan Ed Taylor
Cherokee
9/20 program,
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 10, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
ELISKA HASEK
FROM:
BRAD PATTERSON
SUBJECT:
NCAI Convention
Greetings
If I get this into the hands of Mr. Trimble by
next Thursday or so, it will get printed in their
Convention program; a picture of the President
should go with it.
Please call me if you propose any (except editorial)
changes in the message; there are some very
special reasons for using the precise wording I
have here.
GERALD FORD LIBRAN,
TAKEN
GRF "Hasek:rg
Ima
EVENT: OCTOBER 18
DUE: SEPTEMBER 16for printing
Draft information supplied by Brad Patterson
10
Requested by Mr. Triphblaber 16, 1976
GAA Log sar 9/10
cc: RTHartmann/RNessen/JConmor/DDownton/BPatterson/EHasek/CF
I send warmest greetings to the members of the National
Congress of American Indians as you hold your Thirty-
Third Annual Convention.
I am proud of the record of the last few years in redirect-
ing the policies. programs and projects of the Federa
Government toward self-determination for Indian people.
As we review these accomplishments, we find a striking
difference between 1969 and today. The budget for the
Bureau of Indian Affairs was then $270 million. For the
Fiscal Year 1977, it is $785 million. The budget for the
Indian Health Service was then $113 million. New it is
$426 million. The Indian Financing Act, the Self-Deter-
mination Act, the Alaska Native Claims Act. and the
Menominee Restoration Act are all laws of the land.
The McClanahan, Washington, Mancari. Masurie. Bryan
and Stevens decisions are history. In agency after agency
of my Executive Branch, there are new offices and Fed-
FORD:
eral Indian employees working directly to aid Indian
development and to protect Indian rights. In the White
House itself, I have an experienced staff officer assisting
GERALD
LIBRA
me in the coordination of Indian policies and programs.
I welcome this opportunity to assure you that we will not
stop here and that our agenda for the future calls for a
continuing close cooporation with the distinguished mem-
bers of your organization and others who share our deter-
mination to advance the progress that has been realized.
With this in mind. I send best wishes for the success of
your deliberations.
GERALD R. FORD
Enclose 8 X 10 glossy print of the President
Sent to:
Mr. Charles E. Trimble
Executive Director
National Congress of American Indians
1430 K Street, N.W. Suite 700:
Washington, D. C. 20005
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 10, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
ELISKA HASEK
FROM:
BRAD PATTERSON
Beed
SUBJECT:
NCAI Convention
Greetings
If I get this into the hands of Mr. Trimble by
next Thursday or so, it will get printed in their
Convention program; a picture of the President
should go with it.
Please call me if you propose any (except editorial)
changes in the message; there are some very
special reasons for using the precise wording I
have here.
FORD LIBRARY & 070039
TO THE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS
Please accept my greetings and congratulations on the occasion
of your thirty-third annual convention.
There are fewer things of which I am more proud than the record
of the past two - in fact the past seven - years in redirecting the
policies, programs and budgets of the federal government toward
self-determination for Indian people.
GENAL FORD
Termination is a rejected doctrine. The Congress has rejected it;
the Courts have rejected it; I have rejected it And no officer in my
Executive Branch has any official views which hold otherwise.
In our common determination to continue our work for the betterment
of Indian people, as we look at the upward road still before us, we may
tend to forget how striking is the difference between today and 1969.
The Budget for the Bureau of Indian Affairs was then $262 million;
for FY 1977 it is $764 million. The budget for the Indian Health Service
was then $113 million, now it is $355 million. The Indian Financing Act,
the Self-Determination Act, the Alaska Native Claims Act, the Menomithee
McClanahan,
Bryan
Restoration Act are law. The Washington, Mancari, Mazurie and Stevens
decisions are history. In agency after agency of my Executive Branch
directly
there are new offices and federal Indian employees working to aid
Indian development and to protect Indian rights.
In the White House itself I have an experienced staff officer assisting
me in the coordination of Indian policies and programs. 9 I will see to
it that all these efforts will go on unbated; I shall ensure that these
-2- -
commitments continue.
There is an agend for the future; new proposals and new problems
will arise.
I look forward with enthusiasm to continuing to work on these
problems in close consultation with such distingui sed and responsible
people as the members of the National Congress of American Indians.
My best wishes for a successful Convention.
Gerald R. Ford
CERTIFY R.FOND
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
Quick-way Timetable
Washington Reservations: 659-1000
Baltimore Reservations: 301-768-6300
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 9, 1976
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
To Albuquerque,
N 800a
1133a
237/303
Chicago
Daily
N.M.
I 810a
1133a
381/303
Chicago
Daily
f
I 1015a
130p
243
One-stop
Daily
N 10 15a
130p
183/243
Chicago
Daily
N 210p
607p
217
Two-stop
Daily
N 400p
747p
449/343
Chicago
Daily
I 400p
747p
3/343
Chicago
Daily
From Albuquerque,
830a N 307p
168
One-stop
Daily
N.M.
830a
I
308p
168/276
Chicago
Daily
When in Albuquerque,
920a N 537p
880/198
Chicago
Daily
call 243-8611
1245p N 800p
440
Two-stop
Daily
230p
N
948p
428/438
Chicago
Daily
230p
I
959p
428/26
Chicago
Daily
210a N 918a
306/358
Chicago
Daily
210a I 1037a
306/92
Chicago
Daily
of
To Amarillo, Texas
I 810a
203p
381/315
Chicago
Daily
N 825a
203p
461/315
Wichita
Daily
I 400p
1038p
3/351
Chicago
Daily
N 500p
1038p
423/351
Chicago
Daily
From Amarillo,
910a N 307p
330/168
Chicago
Daily
Texas
910a I 308p
330/276
Chicago
Daily
When in Amarillo,
113p N 948p
346/438
Chicago
Daily
call 376-6326
113p
I
959p
346/26
Chicago
Daily
To Amsterdam,
D 625p
1145at
890/AF912
Paris
Daily
Neth.
From Amsterdam,
835a D 330p
AF911/891
Paris
Daily
X
Neth.
When in Amsterdam,
call 236876
To Athens,
D 625p
300p t 890/840
Rome
Daily
X
Greece
From Athens,
800a D 330p
901/891
Rome
ExWeFrSu
X
Greece
800a
D
330p
903/891
Rome
Su Only
X
When in Athens,
800a D 330p
911/891
Rome
We Fr
X
call 3226451
To Barcelona,
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
Spain
D 450p
845a 876/904
New York
MoTuFr
X
TIME
SYMBOLS
Hilton International
Effective September 9, 1976
X
Meal
FN/YN
Nightcoach Fares Apply
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
Movie and Music
%
Plane Change Enroute
F Music
*
Change of Airport
Washington/Baltimore
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
TWA
Leave
Arrive
Flight
No.
Stops
or
Via
Freq.
Service
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops
or
Via
Freq.
Service
From Barcelona,
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
From Colorado
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
Spain
Springs, Colo.
When in Barcelona,
When in Colorado Springs,
call 318-09-99
call 800-325-3150
To Brussels,
D 625p
1000a
890/AF642
Paris
Daily
To Columbus, Ohio
N
835a
944a
415
NON-STOP
Ex Su
Belgium
N 435p
545p
531
NON-STOP
Daily
N
900p
1010p
279
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
From Brussels,
740a
D
330p
SN641/891
Paris
Daily
From Columbus,
9 15a N 1014a
426
NON-STOP
Ex Su
Belgium
Ohio
235p N 334p
434
NON-STOP
Daily
When in Brussels,
call 12-31-75
When in Columbus,
900p N 1000p
294
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
call 221-6411
To Cairo, Egypt
D 625p
435p t 890/840
Rome
Daily
X
To Dayton, Ohio
N 835a
1041a
415
One-stop
Ex Su
From Cairo, Egypt
735a
N
928p
641/NA491
New York
N 320p
436p
373
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
Daily
N
900p
1104p
279
When in Cairo,
One-stop
Ex Sa
call 79770
From Dayton, Ohio
9 15a N 1020a
530
NON-STOP
Daily
To Casablanca,
D 450p
950a t 876/900
New York
TuThSa
When in Dayton,
105p N 207p 404
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
call 226-2600
805p N 1000p
294
One-stop
Ex Sa
Morocco
To Denver, Colo.
N 800a
1059a
237/193
Chicago
Daily
From Casablanca,
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
I 810a
1059a
381/193
Chicago
Daily
Morocco
D 945a
1125a
203
NON-STOP
Daily
When in Casablanca,
I 1015a
1251p
243/415
Chicago
Daily
call 27-27-29
N 1128a
154p
561
One-stop
Daily
N 1200n
257p
377/265
Chicago
Daily
To Cedar Rapids,
I 10 15a
120p
243/OZ559
Chicago
Ex Sa
N 235p
629p
459/401
St. Louis
Daily
la.
N 10 15a
120p
183/OZ559
Chicago
Ex Sa
I
400p
759p
3/423
Chicago
Daily
N 210p
559p
217/OZ983
Chicago
Ex Sa
N 500p
759p
423
One-stop
Daily
N 630p
1008p
407/OZ954
St. Louis
Ex Sa
N 630p
939p
407/451
St. Louis
Daily
From Cedar Rapids,
758a
N
134p
OZ915/482
St. Louis
Daily
From Denver, Colo.
854a
I
308p
276
One-stop
Daily
la.
1207p
N
659p
OZ883/460
St. Louis
Ex Sa
When in Denver,
900a
N
304p
430
One-stop
Daily
call 292-6620
1115a
N
537p
290/198
When in Cedar Rapids,
Chicago
Daily
call 362-1103
135p
N
800p
108/440
St. Louis
Daily
245p
N
948p
354/438
Chicago
Daily
To Chicago, III.
N 800a 0 850a 237
NON-STOP
Daily
245p
I
959p
354/26
Chicago
Daily
I 810a 0 902a 381
NON-STOP
Daily
345p
D
905p
252
NON-STOP
Daily
I 10 15a 0 1103a 243
NON-STOP
Daily
N 10 15a 0 1107a
183
NON-STOP
Daily
To Des Moines,
N 800a
1050a
237/OZ933
Chicago
Daily
N 1200n 0 1250p
377
NON-STOP
Daily
X
Iowa
N 825a
103p
461/OZ500
St. Louis
Daily
N 210p 0 302p
217
NON-STOP
Daily
N 235p
723p
459/OZ948
St. Louis
Daily
N 320p 0 515p 373
One-stop
Ex Sa
I 400p
841p
3/OZ937
Chicago
Ex Sa
I 400p 0 456p 3
NON-STOP
Daily
N 500p
841p
423/OZ937
Chicago
Ex Sa
N 400p 0 459p 449
NON-STOP
Daily
N 500p 0 603p 423
NON-STOP
Daily
From Des Moines,
800a
N
105p
OZ938/376
Chicago
Ex Su
N 725p 0 820p
241
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
lowa
130p
N
625p
OZ934/414
Chicago
Ex Sa
348p N 800p
OZ949/440
St. Louis
When in Des Moines,
Daily
From Chicago, III.
0 640a N 918a 358
NON-STOP
Daily
call 282-0243
When in Chicago,
0 800a I 1037a 92
NON-STOP
Daily
call 332-7600
0 1025a N 105p 376
NON-STOP
Daily
To Dublin, Ireland
D 450p
920a
t
676
Two-stop
Daily
X
0 1230p N 307p 168
NON-STOP
Daily
0 1230p I 308p 276
NON-STOP
Daily
From Dublin,
11
15a
D
529p
877/63
New York
Daily
0 300p N 537p 198
NON-STOP
Daily
Ireland
0 345p N 625p 414
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
When in Dublin,
0 705p N 948p 438
NON-STOP
Daily
call 370151
0
720p
I
959p
26
NON-STOP
Daily
To Colorado Springs,
To Eugene, Oregon I
1200n
456p
227/RW773
San Francisco
Daily
D 945a
230p
203/FL697
Denver
Daily
N 235p
Daily
1110p
459/RW4
San Francisco Daily
X
Colo.
N 1128a
500p
561/FL691
Denver
D 540p
1110p
63/RW4
San Francisco Daily
TIME
SYMBOLS
AIRPORTS
Hilton International
Effective September 9, 1976
X
Meal
FN/YN Nightcoach Fares Apply
J Kennedy
N National
J San Jose
L Los Angeles
0 O'Hare
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
L LaGuardia
I Baltimore/Washington
0 Oakland
0 Ontario
M Midway
Movie and Music
% Plane Change Enroute
E Newark
0 Dulles
S San Francisco
B Burbank
Music
*
Change of Airport
Carry-on Luggage Compartments Available on All Flights Except 747's
Washington/Baltimore
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
TWA
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
From Eugene,
755a D 905p
RW9/252
San Francisco
Daily
Oregon
755a N 922p
RW9/184
San Francisco Daily
X
From Kansas City,
605a I 1037a
92
One-stop
Daily
Mo.
650a N 1100a
374
When in Eugene,
One-stop
Daily
call 342-6121
When in Kansas City,
700a N 1100a
578/374
St. Louis
ExSaSu
call 842-4000
750a
N
105p
318/376
Chicago
Daily
To Frankfurt,
D 625p
905a t 890/AF740
Paris
Daily
925a N 134p
478/482
St. Louis
Daily
1000a
Germany
I
308p
326/276
Chicago
Ex Sa
1005a
N
304p
402/430
St. Louis
Daily
From Frankfurt,
950a
D
330p
AF743/891
Paris
Daily
1155a N 537p
384/198
Chicago
Daily
200p N 625p
414
One-stop
Ex Sa
Germany
342p
I
959p
350/26
Chicago
Daily
When in Frankfurt,
355p
N
800p
440
One-stop
Daily
call 250031
520p N 922p
184
One-stop
Daily
To Geneva,
D 450p
850a t 876/830
New York
Daily
To Las Vegas, Nev.
N 800a
1122a
237/711
Chicago
Daily
Switzerland
I 810a
1122a
381/711
Chicago
Daily
N 10 15a
117p
183/195
Chicago
Daily
From Geneva,
1200n
N
638p
831/NA403
New York
Daily
I 1015a
117p
243/195
Chicago
Daily
Switzerland
1200n
I
639p
831/AL95
New York
Daily
N 1128a
203p
561/419
St. Louis
Daily
When in Geneva,
N 1200n
311p
377
One-stop
Daily
call 32-66-00
I 400p
738p
3/403
Chicago
Daily
N 400p
738p
449/403
Chicago
Daily
To Grand Junction,
N
1128a
338p
561/FL679
Denver
Daily
Colo.
N 500p
938p
423/FL675
Denver
Daily
From Las Vegas,
900a
N
537p
198
One-stop
Daily
Nev.
1110a
N
800p
556/440
St. Louis
Daily
From Grand Junction,
723a
N
304p
FL672/430
Denver
Daily
When in Las Vegas,
1235p
N
948p
102/438
Chicago
Daily
Colo.
723a
I
308p
FL672/276
Denver
Daily
call 732-8888
1235p
I
959p
102/26
Chicago
Daily
1120p N 918a t 306/358
Chicago
Daily
When in Grand Junction,
1120p I 1037a t 306/92
Chicago
Daily
call 243-7991
To Honolulu,
To Lisbon, Portugal
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
D 855a
355p
67/WA585
San Francisco
Daily
D 450p
745a t 676/900
New York
Daily
Hawaii
D 1200n
540p
99/CO601
Los Angeles
Daily
D 500p
1025p
19/PA811
Los Angeles
Daily
From Lisbon,
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
From Honolulu,
1230p
D
720a
t
CO602/88
Portugal
Los Angeles
Daily
When in Lisbon,
Hawaii
330p
I
1037a
WA500/92
Los Angeles
Daily
call 58121
When in Honolulu,
1120p D 434p t WA732/74
Los Angeles
Daily
call 946-0295
To London,
D 450p
740a t 876/700
New York
Daily
To Indianapolis,
N 12 10p
1236p
427
NON-STOP
England
Daily
Ind.
N 435p
559p
531
One-stop
Daily
From London,
1200n
D
529p
703/63
New York
Daily
N 900p
1102p
279
Two-stop
Ex Sa
England
From Indianapolis,
700a N 10 14a
426
One-stop
Ex Su
When in London,
Ind.
1105a N 207p
404
One-stop
Ex Sa
call 636-4090
When in Indianapolis,
1220p N 334p
434
One-stop
Daily
call 635-4381
705p N 922p 184
NON-STOP
Daily
To Los Angeles/
N 800a L 1145a
237/117
Chicago
Daily
Ontario, Cal.
I 810a L 1145a
381/117
Chicago
Daily
To Jackson, Wy.
I 10 15a L 204p
243/25
Chicago
Daily
D 945a
336p
203/FL530
Denver
Daily
N
1128a
L
238p
561/91
St. Louis
Discontinued after September 29, 1976
Daily
D 1200n L 218p
99
NON-STOP
Daily
From Jackson, Wy.
1243p D 905p
FL531/252
Denver
Daily
N
1200n
L
357p
377/277
Chicago
Daily
When in Jackson,
N 1200n 0 649p
377/RW857
Las Vegas
Daily
call 733-3100
N 210p L 610p
217/27
Chicago
Daily
N 210p L 723p
217
Three-stop
Daily
To Kansas City, Mo.
I
10a
1053a
381
One-stop
Daily
N 235p 0 913p
459/269
St. Louis
Daily
N 825a
1045a
461/247
St. Louis
Daily
I 400p L 807p
3
One-stop
Daily
I 10 15a
1254p
243/183
Chicago
Daily
N 400p L 807p
449/3
Chicago
Daily
N 15a
1254p
183
One-stop
Daily
I 400p 0 913p
3/269
Los Angeles
Daily
N 1210p
224p
427
One-stop
Daily
N 435p L 830p
531/159
Columbus
Daily
N 210p
501p
217/229
Chicago
Daily
D 500p L 710p
19
NON-STOP
Daily
1011
N 400p
647p
449
One-stop
Daily
D 500p 0 913p
19/269
Los Angeles
Daily
I 400p
647p
3/449
Chicago
Daily
N 630p L 1038p
407/245
Kansas City
Daily
N 630p
851p
407
One-stop
Daily
N 725p L 1203at 241/355
Chicago
Ex Sa
D 1050p L 209a t 133
One-stop
Daily
FN/YN
TIME
SYMBOLS
Hilton International
Effective September 9, 1976
Meal
FN/YN Nightcoach Fares Apply
AIRPORTS
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
J Kennedy
N
National
J San Jose
L Los Angeles
0 O'Hare
Movie and Music
% Plane Change Enroute
L LaGuardia
I Baltimore/Washington
0 Oakland
0 Ontario
Midway
Music
Change of Airport
E Newark
D Dulles
S San Francisco
B Burbank
Carry-on Luggage Compartments Available on All Flights Except 747's
Washington/Baltimore
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
TWA
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
From Los Angeles/
0
750a
D
434p
136/74
Los Angeles
Daily
From Oklahoma City,
840a
N
134p
140/482
St. Louis
Daily
X
Ontario, Cal.
0
750a
N
659p
136/460
St. Louis
Ex Sa
Okla.
145p N 659p 460
Two-stop
Ex Sa
When in Los Angeles,
0 835a N 800p
RW907/440
Las Vegas
Daily
When in Oklahoma City,
call 483-1100
L 840a N 659p 460
Three-stop
Ex Sa
call 232-3511
L
845a
D
434p
74
NON-STOP
Daily
1011
L 900a N 625p 24/414
Chicago
Ex Sa
L 1155a N 922p 184
Two-stop
Daily
To Paris, France D 625p
705a1 890
NON-STOP
Daily
L 100p I 959p 26
One-stop
Daily
Effective September 25, 1976
L 145p D 937p 18
NON-STOP
Daily
D
625p
805a
t
890
NON-STOP
Daily
Daily
FN/YN
Discontinued after September 24, 1976
L 1020p D 720a 88
One-stop
0 1025p N 9 18a 20/358
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
0 1025p I 1037a 20/92
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
From Paris,
1145a D 330p 891
NON-STOP
Daily
L 1155p N 918a t 20/358
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
France
Effective September 26, 1976
L 1230a I 1037a 92
Two-stop
Daily
FN/YN
1200n D 529p 803/63
New York
Daily
When in Paris,
L 1230a N 1100a 92/374
Kansas City
Daily
X
FN/YN
1245p D 330p 891
NON-STOP
Daily
call 720-62-11
Discontinued after September 25, 1976
To Madrid, Spain
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
D
450p
645a
t
876/904
New York
Daily
X
To Philadelphia, Pa. D
720a
16a
88
NON-STOP
Daily
From Madrid, Spain
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
From
Philadelphia,
1055a D 1156a
99
NON-STOP
Daily
When in Madrid,
Pa.
945p D 1048p 133
NON-STOP
Daily
FN/YN
call 247-42-00
When in Philadelphia,
To Malaga, Spain
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
call 923-2000
D
450p
845a
t
876/904
New York
WeThSu
X
To Phoenix, Ariz.
N 800a
1100a
237
One-stop
Daily
From Malaga, Spain
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
I 810a
1100a
381/237
Chicago
Daily
When in Malaga,
I 10 15a
206p
243/201
Chicago
Daily
call 383182
N 1128a
145p
561/181
St. Louis
Daily
N 1210p
322p
427/101
Kansas City
Daily
To Milan, Italy
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
N 235p
510p
459
One-stop
Daily
D
450p
8
10a
t
876/842
New York
Daily
X
I 400p
710p
3/435
Chicago
Daily
N 400p
710p
449/435
Chicago
Daily
From Milan, Italy
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
N 725p
1022p
241
One-stop
Ex Sa
When in Milan,
D 1050p
1229at
133
NON-STOP
Daily
FN/YN
call 794653
To Moline, III.
From Phoenix, Ariz.
800a
N
537p
242/198
Chicago
Daily
N
825a
1225p
481/OZ844
St. Louis
Ex Sa
When in Phoenix,
1100a
N
659p
94/460
St. Louis
Ex Sa
I 10 15a
1248p
243/02559
Chicago
Ex Sa
call 252-7711
100p
N
948p
158/438
Chicago
Daily
N
1015a
1248p
183/OZ559
Chicago
Ex Sa
100p
I
959p
158/26
Chicago
Daily
N 1128a
238p
561/OZ914
St. Louis
Daily
1205a D 720a 88
NON-STOP
Daily
FN/YN
N 630p
935p
407/OZ954
St. Louis
Ex Sa
1225a N 918a 358
One-stop
Daily
FN/YN
From Moline, III.
1225a I 1037a
358/92
833a
N
134p
OZ915/482
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
St. Louis
Daily
When in Moline,
300p
N
800p
OZ847/440
St. Louis
Ex Sa
To Rapid City, S.D.
D
945a
110p
203/FL94
Denver
Daily
call 762-7591
N 500p
945p
423/FL88
Denver
Daily
To Monterey, Cal.
I 1200n
348p
227/RW723
San Francisco
Daily
D 1200n
437p
99/RW728
Los Angeles
From Rapid City,
1204p
D
905p
FL643/252
Denver
Daily
Daily
S.D.
From Monterey,
1025a
I
852p
RW983/222
San Francisco
Daily
When in Rapid City,
Cal.
1025a D 905p RW983/252 San Francisco Daily
call 343-6361
When in Monterey,
745p
D
720a
t
RW727/88
Los Angeles
Daily
call 372-8161
To Reno, Nev.
N 1200n
655p
377/RW38
Las Vegas
Daily
X
To New York, N. Y./
D 450p J 610p 876
NON-STOP
Daily
From Reno, Nev.
730a
N
537p
RW751/198
Las Vegas
Daily
X
Newark, N. J.
D 1110p E 12 15at 88
NON-STOP
Daily
When in Reno,
call 329-4661
From New York, N. Y./ J 410p D 529p 63
NON-STOP
Daily
To Rome, Italy
Prior To Sep. 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Arrival Time
Newark, N. J.
D
625p
945a
t
890
One-stop
Daily
X
When in New York,
call 695-6000
From Rome,
Prior To Sep 26, 1976 Add 1 Hour To Obtain Correct Departure Time
Italy
850a D 330p 891
One-stop
Daily
X
To Oklahoma City,
N 1128a
459p
561/107
St. Louis
Daily
1000a D 529p 845/63
New York
Ex We
X
When in Rome,
Okla.
N 630p
1007p
407/145
St. Louis
Daily
call 4721
TIME
SYMBOLS
Hilton International
AIRPORTS
Effective September 9, 1976
Meal
FN/YN Nightcoach Fares Apply
J Kennedy
N National
J San Jose
L Los Angeles
0 O'Hare
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
L LaGuardia
I Baltimore/Washington
0 Oakland
0 Ontario
Midway
Movie and Music
% Plane Change Enroute
E Newark
D Dulles
S San Francisco
B Burbank
Music
* Change of Airport
Carry-on Luggage Compartments Available on All Flights Except 747's
Washington/Baltimore
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
TWA
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
From San Francisco/
J
745a
D
455p
890
One-stop
Daily
X
To Sacramento,
D 855a
312p
67/RW935
San Francisco Daily
Oakland/
J
745a
N
922p
890/184
San Francisco
Daily
X
Cal.
N 235p
947p
459/RW4
San Francisco Daily
San Jose, Cal.
S 845a D 455p
890
NON-STOP
Daily
D 540p
947p
63/RW4
San Francisco
Daily
S 900a N 625p
82/414
Chicago
Ex Sa
When in San Francisco,
0 915a N 625p
342/414
Chicago
Ex Sa
From Sacramento,
715a
D
455p
RW903/890
San Francisco
call 626-5600
Daily
S 15a N 922p
184
Three-stop
Daily
Cal.
1040a
I
852p
RW258/222
San Francisco
Daily
X
S 1200n D 905p
252
One-stop
Daily
When in Sacramento,
10 40a
D
905p
RW258/252
San Francisco
Daily
S 1220p N 948p
770/438
Chicago
Daily
call 800-792-0742
S 100p I 852p 222
NON-STOP
Daily
S 310p D 1115p 68
NON-STOP
Daily
To St. Louis, Mo.
N 825a
S 1000p N 918a 358
Two-stop
Daily
X
FN/YN
922a
461
NON-STOP
Daily
N 1128a
561
J 1030p N 918at 130/358
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
1225p
NON-STOP
Daily
N 235p
J 1030p I 1037at 130/92
Chicago
Daily
X
FN/YN
333p
459
NON-STOP
Daily
N 320p
502p
373/547
S 1045p I 1037at 92
Three-stop
Daily
FN/YN
Dayton
Ex Sa
407
S 1201a N 918a 130/358
N 630p
728p
NON-STOP
Daily
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
N 755p
853p
491
S 1201a I 1037a 130/92
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
S 1245a N 1100a
266/374
St. Louis
Daily
FN/YN
From St. Louis, Mo.
315a N 1100a
374
NON-STOP
Daily
To Santa Ana, Cal.
N 1200n
519p
377/RW35
Las Vegas
Daily
When in St. Louis,
1050a
N
134p
482
NON-STOP
Daily
N 235p
857p
459/RW989
Phoenix
Daily
call 436-4800
1220p
N
304p
430
NON-STOP
Daily
I 400p
925p
3/RW7
Los Angeles
Daily
415p N 659p
460
NON-STOP
Ex Sa
D 500p
925p
19/RW7
Los Angeles
Daily
515p N 800p
440
NON-STOP
Daily
From Santa Ana,
730a
N
537p
RW36/198
Las Vegas
Daily
To Salt Lake City,
N 1128a
355p
561/FL65
Denver
Daily
Cal.
Utah
When in Santa Ana,
call 534-8252
From Salt Lake City,
1200n
D
905p
FL62/252
Denver
Daily
X
Utah
To Shannon,
D 450p
55a t 876
One-stop
Daily
When in Salt Lake City,
Ireland
call 521-3721
From Shannon,
1245p D 529p 877/63
New York
Daily
To San Diego, Calif. N 800a
105p
237/WA215
Phoenix
Daily
Ireland
N 1128a
454p
561/WA423
Denver
Daily
When in Shannon,
D 1200n
422p
99/WA216
Los Angeles
Daily
call 061-61466
1
400p
1107p
3/WA645
Los Angeles
Daily
To Sioux Falls, S.D.
N 800a
1223p
237/OZ933
Chicago
Daily
From San Diego,
730a
N
537p
WA384/198
Las Vegas
Daily
I 1015a
229p
243/OZ989
Chicago
Daily
Calif.
1130a
I
959p
WA701/26
Los Angeles
Daily
N 10 15a
229p
163/OZ989
Chicago
Daily
When in San Diego,
1200n
D
905p
WA424/252
Denver
Daily
N 210p
703p
217/OZ983
Chicago
Ex Sa
930p
D
720a t
WA607/68
Phoenix
Daily
N 725p
1146p
241/OZ985
Chicago
Ex Sa
call 800-252-9001
930p
N
918a t
WA607/358
Phoenix
Daily
1010p I 1037a WA479/92
From Sioux Falls,
635a
N
134p
OZ959/482
St. Louis
Ex Su
Los Angeles
Daily
S.D.
705a
N
105p
OZ994/376
Chicago
Su Only
To San Francisco/
When in Sioux Falls,
810a
N
307p
OZ982/168
Chicago
Ex Su
N 800a J 209p
237/RW18
Phoenix
Daily
call 336-1344
810a
I
308p
OZ982/276
Chicago
Ex Su
X
Oakland/
I 810a S 117p
381/95
Kansas City
Daily
1238p N 625p
OZ934/414
Chicago
Ex Sa
D 855a S 1132a
San Jose, Cal.
67
NON-STOP
Daily
317p
N
948p
OZ986/438
Chicago
Daily
I 1015a S 204p
243/175
Chicago
Daily
317p
I
959p
OZ986/26
Chicago
Daily
N 1015a S 204p
163/175
Chicago
Daily
N 1128a S 344p
561/389
Denver
Daily
To Tel Aviv,
D
625p
405p
t
890/806
Paris
Daily
I 1200n S 225p
227
NON-STOP
Daily
N 1200n S 417p
Israel 0
377/131
Chicago
Daily
N 210p 0 615p
217/341
Chicago
Daily
From Tel Aviv,
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
N 235p S 722p
459
Two-stop
Daily
N 235p J 935p
459/63
San Francisco
Daily
Israel 0
I
400p
S
807p
3/771
Chicago
Daily
When in Tel Aviv,
N 400p S 807p
449/771
Chicago
Daily
call 03-51212
N 435p S 1004p
531/159
Columbus
Daily
D 540p S 821p 63
NON-STOP
Daily
To Tokyo, Japan
D 855a
340p t 67/JL1
San Francisco Daily
X
D 540p J 935p 63
One-stop
Daily
N 725p S 1231at 241
From Tokyo, Japan
500p
D
905p
JL2/252
San Francisco Daily
X
Two-stop
Ex Sa
N 755p S 106a t 491/447
St. Louis
Ex Sa
When in Tokyo,
D 1050p S 353a 133
Daily
FN/YN
call 212-1477
Two-stop
AIRPORTS
TIME
SYMBOLS
Hilton International
J Kennedy
N National
J San Jose
L Los Angeles
0 O'Hare
Effective September 9, 1976
Meal
FN/YN Nightcoach Fares Apply
L LaGuardia
I Baltimore/Washington
0 Oakland
0 Ontario
M
Midway
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
E Newark
D Dulles
S San Francisco
B Burbank
Movie and Music
%
Plane Change Enroute
Carry-on Luggage Compartments Available on All Flights Except 747's
Music
Change of Airport
Washington/Baltimore
Washington/Baltimore
TWA
TWA
Leave
Arrive
Flight No.
Stops or Via
Freq.
Service
To Tucson, Ariz.
N 800a
1200n
237
Two-stop
Daily
AIRLINE CODE REFERENCE
I 810a
1200n
381/237
Chicago
Daily
AA
American Airlines
DL
Delta Air Lines
NW Northwest Airlines
I 1015a
159p
243/323
Chicago
Daily
AC
Air Canada
EA
Eastern Airlines
OZ Ozark Air Lines
N 10 15a
159p
183/323
Chicago
Daily
AF
Air France
FL
Frontier Airlines
PA Pan American World Airways
N 1210p
422p
427/101
Kansas City
Daily
AL
Allegheny Airlines
IR
Iran National Airlines
RW Hughes Airwest
AZ
Alitalia
JL
Japan Air Lines Co., Ltd.
SK
Scandinavian Airlines
N 210p
602p
217/339
Chicago
Daily
BA
British Airways
KL
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
SN
Sabena-Belgium Airlines
N 725p
1020p
241/355
Chicago
Ex Sa
BE
British European
LH
Lufthansa German Airlines
UA United Airlines
BN
Braniff International Airways
NA
National Airlines
WA Western Airlines
From Tucson, Ariz.
800a
N
537p
334/198
Chicago
Daily
CO
Continental Airlines
NC
North Central
When in Tucson,
100p N 948p
438
%One-stop
Daily
call 624-2771
100p
I
959p
438/26
Chicago
Daily
For Reservations and Information Call Your Travel Agent or
1225a N 918a
106/358
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
TWA At:
1225a I 1037a
106/92
Chicago
Daily
FN/YN
Washington
Passenger
659-1000
To Tulsa, Okla.
N 1128a
354p
561/107
St. Louis
Daily
Freight
223-3535
N 235p
745p
459/167
St. Louis
Ex Sa
Baltimore/
N 630p
928p
407/495
St. Louis
Daily
Annapolis
Passenger
301-768-6300
From Tulsa, Okla.
9
10a
N
134p
436/482
St. Louis
Daily
Freight
301-761-1500
When in Tulsa,
243p N 659p 460
One-stop
Ex Sa
call 584-3471
Ticket Offices Are Located At:
To Vienna,
D 450p
940a t 876/832
New York
Daily
Hilton Hotel, Baltimore
Austria
Solar Building, Washington, D.C.
From Vienna,
Consult your TWA Ticket Office.
Austria
When in Vienna,
call 73-45-27
To Wichita, Kan.
I 810a
1226p
381/315
Chicago
Daily
N 825a
1058a
461
One-stop
Daily
N 15a
301p
183/577
Kansas City
Ex Sa
N 210p
511p
217
One-stop
Daily
N 400p
753p
449/547
Kansas City
Daily
I 400p
922p
3/351
Chicago
Daily
TWA Getaway
N 500p
922p
423/351
Chicago
Daily
From Wichita, Kan.
817a N 105p
376
One-stop
Daily
When in Wichita,
1027a N 307p
330/168
Chicago
Daily
Skiing
call 267-5231
1027a
I
308p
330/276
Chicago
Daily
1154a N 659p
700/460
St. Louis
Ex Sa
232p
I
959p
346/26
Chicago
Daily
350p N 922p
554/184
Kansas City
Ex Sa
the Rockies
To Zurich,
D 450p
740a 876/832
New York
Daily
Switzerland
From Zurich,
FEATURING 17 RESORTS
130p N 928p
833/NA491
New York
Daily
Switzerland
130p I 1140p
833/AL449
New York
Daily
When in Zurich,
OVER 400 ACCOMMODATIONS
call (01) 27-34-10
NO LOWER PRICES
Skiing the Rockies is available
TWA
free at your Travel Agent or your
TWA office.
TIME
SYMBOLS
Hilton International
TWA
Effective September 9, 1976
Meal
FN/YN
Nightcoach Fares Apply
Schedules Shown in Local Time
Snack
Arrival One Day Later
Movie and Music
%
Plane Change Enroute
Music
Change of Airport
TWA. The best
businessman's
airline
in the business.
Best on-time performance in the U.S.A.*
Carry-on luggage compartments on 99.6%
of all domestic flights
More widebody 101 1s than any other air-
line
The only airline offering a choice of
movies plus sports spectaculars
* TWA's on-time performance record has beaten every major domes-
tic airline for the last 4 months running. And TWA has beaten Ameri-
can. United and Continental for the last 14 consecutive months. This is
based on the most recent CAB on-time records through May. 1976.
The CAB requires airlines to report the percentage of flights actu-
ally flown which arrived on time, within 15 minutes of schedule, be-
tween the 100 busiest U.S. city pairs. TWA figures represent 55% of our
available seat miles. As of May, the reports include the 200 busiest city
pairs and represent 70% of our available seat miles.
Being the best isn't everything.
It's the only thing.®
TWA
PRINTED IN U.S.A.-TWA FORM No. T-200Q
Brad
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
OCTOBER 8, 1976
OFFICE OF THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS SECRETARY
(Lawton, Oklahoma)
THE WHITE HOUSE
REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT
UPON SIGNING A PROCLAMATION DESIGNATING
NATIVE AMERICAN AWARENESS WEEK, 1976
THE MONTEGO BAY HOTEL
8:10 P.M. CDT
Before signing the Proclamation, I would like
to make some additional remarks.
I would like to say a few words about a very
important issue. No State in the Union has more
residents who are native Americans than the great State
of Oklahoma, No domestic matter has given me greater
pride than my Administration's record of turning about
the discrimination and neglect that all Indians faced
for so many years.
In January of 1975 I signed the Indian Self-
Determination Act, a magna carta for Indian people. Today
we recognize Indian tribal Governments, including those
in Oklahoma, as vital Government organizations in their
own right.
Just a week ago I signed the Indian Health Care
Improvement Act, which authorized significant improved
resources for Indian health delivery care.
I know you are very proudof the fine accredited
hospital here in Lawton, but many Indian hospitals are not
accredited. We must -- and we will -- bring them up to
standards.
In a few minutes I will sign a Presidential
Proclamation declaring October 10 to 16 as Native American
Awareness Week. The Administration support for Indian
FORD USANID
programs is not just rhetoric. We back up our words with
action.
Eight years ago the Bureau of Indian Affairs --
its budget was $262 million. Today it is $777 million.
The Indian health budget was $113 million; today, $425
million. Our manpower training budget for Indian people
is four times bigger than it was only four years ago.
The record of support for Indian programs and for the
protection of Indian trust rights is clear and precise.
America wants those policies to continue, and I can assure
you that they will.
MORE
Page 2
Let me say to the Oklahoma delegation, and
Senator Paul Laxalt here from Nevada, as well as the
tribal leaders, and I am delighted to have the oppor-
tunity of participating with them in the signing of
this Proclamation.
There are about one million American Indian
citizens, and some may say this is a very small minority.
I count American Indian people, however, not in numbers
but in the honored place that they hold in our multi-
cultured society and in the future of our nation.
The 215 million of us are keenly concerned
with the one million. The welfare and the progress of
native Americans is high on the agenda of the American
conscience.
My Administration is equally determined that
history is going to continue to be changed, that the
Indian shall no longer be lowest in poverty and slimmest
in opportunity, and we are making those changes now.
I sign this Proclamation as a signal of that
determination and as an invitation to all of my fellow
citizens to reaffirm that our first Americans are among
America's most respected and honored citizens.
Thank you all very much.
END
(AT 8:10 P.M. CDT)
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE September 28, 1976
TO:
James E. Connor
FROM: William J. Baroody, Jr.
FORD UNITED LIBRAR
SUBJECT: NAME Bradley Request H. for Patterson, (Typed Travel and Jr. Signature)
DESTINATION Salt Lake City, returning via Moline, Ill.
To respond to attached invitation by reading Presid.
dential Message, give an important speech, give
PURPOSE OF TRIP several informal talks at the principal one of two
major national Indian organizations. Also to partici!
in a panel in Moline, as per attached invitation.
DEPARTURE DATE October 20 RETURN DATE October 24
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION Air
LODGING ACCOMMODATIONS Salt Lake Hilton & Holiday Inn, Moline
(Name)
(Address)
ESTIMATED TOTAL EXPENSES $500.00
AUTHORIZATION OF SUPERVISOR (Bennett concurs in the Moline trip
(Signature of Certifying Officer if appropriate)
ACKNOWLEDGED BY:
James E. Connor
(Submit in Duplicate)
NATIONAL
CONGRESS
OF
SUITE 700, 1430 K STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 (202) 347-9520
AMERICAN
-INDIANS-
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
August 18, 1976
PRESIDENT
Mel Tonasket
Colville
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
Mr. Brad Patterson
Veronica Murdock
Assistant Director
Mohave
Presidential Personnel Office
TREASURER
The White House
Ray Goetting
Caddo
Washington, D.C. 20500
RECORDING SECRETARY
Ramona Bennett
Dear Mr. Patterson:
Puyallup
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
The 33rd annual convention of the National Congress
Charles Trimble
of American Indians will be held in Salt Lake City, Utah, the
Oglala Sioux
week of October 18-22, 1976, at the Salt Palace.
AREA VICE PRESIDENTS
The NCAI convention is the largest and most rep-
ABERDEEN AREA
resentative annual meeting of Indian tribes in the U.S.
Joe Chase
Mandan
This year we expect approximately 2,500 people including
ALASKA AREA
official representatives from more than 150 tribes.
Gordon Jackson
Tlinget
We would be deeply honored if you could come and
ANADARKO AREA
give an address at the opening session of the convention
Juanita Ahtone
on Monday, October 18.
Kiowa
BILLINGS AREA
We await your reply.
Ray Spang
Northern Cheyenne
GALLUP AREA
Victor Sarracino
Respectfully yours,
Laguna
MINNEAPOLIS AREA
Stanley Webster
Charl & E.Jinah
Oneida
MUSKOGEE AREA
Charles E. Trimble
Katharine Whitehorn
Executive Director
Osage
PHOENIX AREA
Irene Cuch
well he
Ute
PORTLAND AREA
Roger Jim
Yakima
Hurs 10/20
SACRAMENTO AREA
Rachel Nabahe
Shoshone/Paiute
SOUTHEAST AREA
Jonathan Ed Taylor
Cherokee
MAILGRAM SERVICE CENTER
R
MIDDLETOWN, VA. 22645
western union
Mailgram®
UNITED *
U.S.MAIL
* SERVICE
*******
2-050900E275 10/01/76 ICS IPMBNGZ CSP WSHB
5056714494 MGM TDBN MESCALERO NM 100 10-01 0450P EST
MR BRAD PATTERSON
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON DC 20500
WE ARE STILL LOOKING FORWARD TO SEEING YOU ON YOUR WAY TO THE MCAI
CONVENTION. PLEASE TRY To KEEP MESCALERO ON YOUR AGENDA FOR A DAY OR
SO.
WENDELL CHINO
MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE
16:50 EST
MGMCOMP MGM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 4, 1976
NOTE TO SUE PORTER
Two questions:
1. Do you have any further
information about the possibility
of a member of the First F amily
coming by the National Congress
of American Indians conference in
Salt Lake City on October 20?
(The President signed the Indian
Health Bill; it will be a happy
time there in general.)
2. Would any member of the First Family
be free here at the White House on
October 27, 28 or 29 (27th AM
preferred) to say hello at the first
meeting of the newly appointed mem-
bers of the "ational Advisory
Council on Indian Education (see
release) ?
Brad
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 6
Barry -
PFC people told me yesterday
that all White House travel after 10/16
is, in effect, campaign travel.
Baroody qualifies this by saying that
it means "advocates"
Is the attached travel "advocate"
travel? I plan to give a talk which
emphasizes the Ford record on Indians
but I don't plan any political attacks
at all (since Indian policy in the
past 7 years has been bipartisan).
1030
( The Moline Decmoines thing, of course,
is professional.)
One additional point: The NCAI
is trying to put together a panel --
consisting of a Carter representative
and a Ford representative --to discuss
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Indian affairs. If this is done,
it would be on the 19th, and I would
go out for it earlier. This would
likely be a bit more confrontational
and might put me more toward the
"advocate" category, I suppose
What is your advice?
Brad
Speech only: BHP is
is not
an "advocate"
Speech plus panel -- BHP
is
is not
and "advocate"
WASHINGTON
DATE September 28, 1976
TO:
James E. Connor
FROM: William J. Baroody, Jr.
SUBJECT: NAME Bradley Request H. for Patterson, Travel, Jr. Bradley J.
(Typed
and
Signature)
DESTINATION Salt Lake City, returning via Moline, Ill.
To respond to attached invitation by reading Presi
dential Message, give an important speech, give
PURPOSE OF TRIP several informal talks at the principal one of tw
major national Indian organizations. Also to partic
in a panel in Moline, as per attached invitation.
DEPARTURE DATE October 20 RETURN DATE October 24
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION Air
LODGING ACCOMMODATIONS Salt Lake Hilton & Holiday Inn, Moli
(Name)
(Address)
ESTIMATED TOTAL EXPENSES $500.00
AUTHORIZATION OF SUPERVISOR (Bennett concurs in the Moline tr:
(Signature of Certifying Officer if appropriate)
ACKNOWLEDGED BY:
James E. Connor
(Submit in Duplicate)
OF
SUITE 700, 1430 K STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 (202) 347-9520
AMERICAN
-INDIANS-
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
August 18, 1976
PRESIDENT
Mel Tonasket
Colville
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
Mr. Brad Patterson
Veronica Murdock
Assistant Director
Mohave
Presidential Personnel Office
TREASURER
The White House
Ray Goetting
Caddo
Washington, D.C. 20500
RECORDING SECRETARY
Ramona Bennett
Dear Mr. Patterson:
Puyaliup
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
The 33rd annual convention of the National Congress
Charles Trimble
of American Indians will be held in Salt Lake City, Utah, the
Ogiala Sioux
week of October 18-22, 1976, at the Salt Palace.
AREA VICE PRESIDENTS
The NCAI convention is the largest and most rep-
ABERDEEN AREA
resentative annual meeting of Indian tribes in the U.S.
Joe Chase
Mandan
This year we expect approximately 2,500 people including
ALASKA AREA
official representatives from more than 150 tribes.
Gordon Jackson
Tlinget
We would be deeply honored if you could come and
ANADARKO AREA
give an address at the opening session of the convention
Juanita Ahtone
on Monday, October 18.
Kiowa
BILLINGS AREA
We await your reply.
Ray Spang
Northern Cheyenne
GALLUP AREA
Victor Sarracino
Respectfully yours,
Laguna
MINNEAPOLIS AREA
Stanley Webster
Chane &. E.Jinass
Oneida
Charles E. Trimble
MUSKOGEE AREA
Executive Director
Katharine Whitehorn
Osage
PHOENIX AREA
Irene Cuch
well 4
Ute
PORTLAND AREA
Roger Jim
Yakima
Hura 10/20
SACRAMENTO AREA
Rachel Nabahe
Shoshone/Paiute
SOUTHEAST AREA
Jonathan Ed Taylor
Cherokee
CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY
926 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10021
212 249-1200
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
August 13, 1976
Mr. Bradley H. Patterson, Jr.
The White House
Washington, DC 20050
Dear Mr. Patterson:
Our mutual friend, Bradley Nash, who is a member of the Board of this Center,
has called to my attention your splendid study, "The President's Cabinet: Issues
and Questions." This inspired us to invite your participation in the Seventh
Annual National Leadership Symposium, jointly sponsored by the National Associ-
ation of Manufacturers and this Center, in association with the American Council
on Education. It will convene at the administrative center of Deere and Company
in Moline, Illinois, the weekend of October 22-24. We expect approximately 400
of the nation's business and educational leaders.
The Sunday morning, October 24, round table will focus on managerial and staffing
aspects of the Presidency. In your role as Secretary of the Cabinet, we especially
hope that you will participate, and we are also inviting Mrs. Jeanne Davis, Secretary
of the National Security Council, to participate in a parallel role. Brad has agreed
to serve as a member of the panel, as has the Vice Chairman of our Board, Henry
Hall Wilson, who served in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Additionally
from our Board of Educators, Dr. Louis W. Koenig, Professor of Politics, New
York University, and the author of the Chief Executive, has agreed to participate,
and we are hopeful that another member of our Board of Educators, Professor Dwight
Waldo, may be with us.
We further hope that within your own busy schedule you can come in time for the
Friday evening keynote, which will be delivered by the Honorable William J. Usery,
Jr., the U.S. Secretary of Labor. With your acceptance kindly send a Biographical
Sketch and photograph.
Further by way of background on this unique education Center, we enclose a copy
of our Ten Year Report.
Sincerely yours,
RGH:as
cc Bradley Nash
Jeanne Davis
Enclosures
President Ford Committee
1828 L STREET, N.W., SUITE 250, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 (202) 457-6400
October 11, 1976
TO: Brad Patterson
FROM: Bunny PFC Rosenfeld Buany
Enclosed is a copy of the newsletter
INDIAN AFFAIRS published by the Association on
American Indian Affairs, Inc., for which we had
the request for the President's position on
Native Americans.
I thought you would enjoy seeing
the printed copy with Jimmy Carter's reply.
FORD
Ford & Carter State Indian Policy — Page 5
INDIAN AFFAIRS
NEWSLETTER of the Association
on American Indian Affairs, Inc.
BERALD R. FORD
432 Park Ave. South
New York, N.Y. 10016
NUMBER 92
JULY-NOVEMBER 1976
Circulation 50,000
Eviction Stayed
housing," leading the Havasupais to fear for their jobs if they
refused to move. In August the NPS concluded an agreement
with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs to remove the houses
The Havasupai Tribe for now has beaten back an attempt by
from the park.
the National Park Service (NPS) to evict four Havasupai
In response to tribal protests, the company late in Septem-
families from their homes at Supai Camp two miles west of
ber stated it would not take part in the eviction or the de-
NPS headquarters on the south rim of Grand Canyon Na-
struction of any Havasupai houses and would not take re-
tional Park. The NPS "target date" was October 1.
Park Superintendent Merle E. Stitt, to the astonishment of
prisals against Havasupai employees living at the encampment.
the Tribe, justified trying to break up the tiny Havasupai en-
As an inducement for the Havasupais to move the Park
Service offered "better" homes in the main concession area
campment on the grounds that the housing was "substandard"
and also "segregated," citing Executive Order 11063 for-
rent free.
bidding segregated housing in federal enclaves. The five
Direct action to remove the Indian people came on Sep-
houses which the Havasupais rent are owned by the Park
tember 21 when a truck escorted by two NPS security vehicles,
Service and have been for decades occupied by Havasupais
lights flashing, appeared at Harriet Sinyella's house to move
who work for the Park or for Fred Harvey, Inc., which
her belongings while she was at work, but they left when
operates the tourist concession at Grand Canyon Village.
instructed by other Havasupais that she had no intention of
The houses were originally built by the Park Service in the
moving.
1930s to replace the Havasupais' own homes which the NPS
That same week the plight of the Havasupai hit the Arizona
razed because they were "substandard."
newspapers and telephone stations; and on Friday, with
In late July Fred Harvey, Inc., at the request of the Park
tensions mounting as October approached, Superintendent
Service, wrote the families to come in and discuss "alternative
Stitt, contacted by AAIA in response to the Tribe's request
for help, agreed to inform the Tribe that no immediate action
would be taken and to meet with the Havasupai to discuss
the matter.
The Park Service claims that it had never intended to evict
the families and alleges that they were willing to move until
some mysterious "new factor" caused them to change their
minds.
Mr. Stitt makes it clear that it is still his intention to move
the families. Tribal Chairman, Clark C. Jack, Jr., expresses
the hope that "the United States government as trustee pro-
tector of the rights of Native Americans will display the same
concern for allowing these Havasupai families to make their
own decision about where they wish to live that private con-
cessionaire Fred Harvey shows."
The Tribe is asking that concerned Americans write to
President Ford expressing their opposition to any involuntary
relocation of the families living at Supai Camp.
These same families have been subjected to Park Service
harassment before. In the summer of 1974, the Park Service
ordered the families at Supai Camp to get rid of their pets.
When the Havasupais refused the Park Service cut off their
water supply. Four days later, the families gave in and put
five cats and a dog out in the wilderness in hopes they would
survive on their own but they died of starvation.
The Park Service has a long history of mistreating the
Havasupai Tribe. During the 1920s and '30s, it evicted hun-
dreds of Havasupai from their traditional homes on the
plateau, burning down some of their houses, and forced
them to live year-round at the bottom of the Grand Canyon,
where over the years many have died unnecessarily in winter
because of their isolation. Because of continued NPS abuse,
the Tribe sought and gained Congressional action in 1974
Lois Hirst
granting it title to its traditional lands-except for Supai Camp.
2
Indian ffairs
Indian ffairs
3
Papagos, Pimas & Pupfish
legislation to protect a swamp in the southeastern United
population. The Sensory Disabilities Program of the IHS
ties face. What I do mean is that this pattern of discrimina-
States.
reports recent surveys showing an overall prevalence of 5
tion against American Indians is the responsibility of the
Bureau of Reclamation
It is reported that Senator Griffin took this action at the
per cent chronic otitis media in American Indian school-age
Congress. We as elected leaders cannot lay back and allow
behest of Senator Paul Fannin (R-Ariz.).
children, with some more isolated Indian school populations
these practices to continue. It is the responsibility of the
In letters to both Senator Griffin and Senator Fannin the
(for example, on the vast Navajo Reservation) having a
Congress to take whatever action is within its power to see
five central Arizona tribes blasted the "political chicanery"
prevalence as high as 12 per cent of the children with chronic
to it that American Indian communities and their families are
that led to the cancellation of the hearings.
perforations of one or both tympanic membranes. (The rate
not destroyed; to see to it that Indian people receive equal
Senator Kennedy and Senator Lee Metcalf (D-Mont.), a
among the non-Indian population is less than 1 per cent.) In
justice and the support of the federal government. We must
member of the Senate Interior Committee, have indicated
April 1974 the IHS estimated that 3,000 Navajo school chil-
commit ourselves to a course in Indian child welfare which will
that they will introduce new legislation to restore the lawful
dren suffered from chronic otitis media.
eliminate the abuses and injustices and which will begin the
water rights of the tribes when the new Congress takes office
Until fiscal year 1970, otitis media had to compete with
long, overdue process of helping, rather than handicapping,
in January 1977.
other program priorities for the use of appropriations from
Indian children and their families."
the overall operating budget of the Indian Health Service.
Seneca Victory
The limited funds available to combat the middle-ear disease
were used primarily for the treatment of active cases and, to
Letter to the Editor
An agreement recently concluded between the Seneca Indian
some extent, for restorative surgery.
To the Editor:
Nation and the State of New York is being hailed as a
In 1969 the Association on American Indian Affairs urged
"modern-day treaty."
the Senate Subcommittee on Appropriations for Interior and
I have made a discovery these past few years that I hope you
According to the Senecas, the agreement marks the first
Related Agencies to appropriate additional funds specifically
will let me pass on to other readers of Indian Affairs. Pre-
time since the early 1800s that the State has dealt with a New
for otitis media activities and recommended a number of
viously I had tried to help certain Indian tribes by individual
York tribe as a sovereign nation.
steps to be taken for the prevention and control of the disease.
effort. And I had always failed. Now I have learned how easy
At issue were 795 acres of land on the Allegany Indian
(See Indian Affairs No. 74.) In 1970, for the first time,
it is to enlist others to help, and how one's influence is there-
Reservation which constituted the most economical and prac-
Congress appropriated monies specifically for otitis media
by multiplied. The average American of good will has an un-
tical route for a key segment of the Southern Tier Express-
control activities within the Indian Health Service.
easy conscience about Indians and is unfamiliar with specific
In a unanimous decision (Cappaert V. United States) on
way. The Expressway is considered vital to the economy and
The dramatic success of the special otitis media program
situations, but is glad to accept the guidance of someone with
June 7, 1976 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the 200-odd
economic development of the southwest corner of New York
in the last five years should not obscure the fact that one out
specialized knowledge.
Devil's Hole pupfish, inch-long creatures that live in only one
State.
of ten Indian and Alaska Natives are still known to be af-
For years I had been concerned about the unresolved land
cavern in Nevada, are entitled to enough water to assure their
Negotiations began in 1971, however little progress was
fected by the disease.
claims of the Alaska Natives, but had found no way of help-
survival. The Court upheld a lower court decision perma-
made until January of 1975 when Governor Hugh L. Carey
ing them. The news media might mention the land question
nently enjoining a nearby rancher from continuing ground-
ordered a speedup. Intense negotiations between the Seneca
in passing, but it was seldom or never explained. Readers of
water pumping that was reducing the water level in the cave
Nation, their attorney Arthur Lazarus, Jr., and the Executive
Indian Affairs, of course, were kept abreast of developments,
IN MEMORIAM
and endangering its fish. The National Park Service, a branch
Deputy Commissioner of Transportation resulted in a settle-
and the issue published in the fall of 1969 (Indian ffairs
of the U.S. Department of the Interior, had protested the
The Board of Directors and the staff of the Association
ment under which the Seneca Nation will receive just com-
No. 75) carried a statement so complete, so clear, and so
pumping. The Association on American Indian Affairs ap-
on American Indian Affairs mourn the passing of E.
concise that I decided to circulate it. In my regular Christmas
pensation for the land covered by the highway easement, plus
plauds the federal government's concern for the water rights
Tinsley Ray, who died on July 20, 1976. Mr. Ray was
letter to friends that year I made a brief summary of my own
various fringe benefits. And under a unique feature of the
of pupfish and respectfully suggests that now it show the
treasurer of the AAIA since 1972, a benefactor of
and suggested that they send for this publication and write
agreement, the Nation will receive 795 acres of suitable
same concern for the 30,000 members of the five central
American Indian nursing students, and a devoted friend
the six letters to public officials recommended in a com-
replacement land, which, in accordance with a 1973 law will
Arizona tribes-whose water rights have been shamefully
of Indian tribes.
munication that accompanied it. I was amazed at the number
become part of the reservation.
ignored for a century.
who wrote back to me reporting that they had done so.
Health Care Progress
When I saw this response, I purposely extended my appeal.
Child Welfare Bill
When I was asked to speak at any gathering-women's clubs,
Pima Hopes Dashed
historical societies, academic groups, church congregations-
For the second consecutive year the U.S. Indian Health Serv-
I chose a just settlement of Alaska Native land claims as my
ice (IHS) reports that the tragic rate of otitis media (middle-
On August 27, 1976 Senator James Abourezk (D-S.D.)
subject. I would place the material from the Association on
The Pimas and Papagos of Arizona, who have been fighting
ear disease) among American Indian and Alaska Native
introduced the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1976 (S. 3777).
American Indian Affairs (AAIA) in the front of the room
for a hundred years for their water, and who saw real hope
people has declined. The IHS also reports that during the last
The act is intended to (1) eliminate abusive child-welfare
and ask all who were willing to work for the cause to come
for Congressional action to restore their water to them this
five years in which special efforts have been concentrated on
practices that result in unwarranted Indian parent-child sep-
and pick it up after the lecture, and to write their names and
year, had their hopes dashed when hearings on S. 3298 were
an otitis media program 10,000 surgical procedures to re-
arations; (2) end discrimination that prevents Indian families
addresses on a sheet of paper I had provided.
abruptly cancelled two days before the first witnesses were to
store hearing have been completed.
from qualifying as foster or adoptive families; and (3) pro-
The AAIA kept me well informed on current develop-
appear on August 5th.
Therè are 18,000 Native Americans who have already been
vide Indian communities with comprehensive child-welfare
ments. Then I would send out mimeographed letters advising
S. 3298, the Central Arizona Indian Tribal Water Rights
diagnosed as needing the surgery and who are unable to
and family-services programs.
definite action. "If your Congressman is among these [co-
Act of 1976, was introduced in the Senate on April 13, 1976
obtain it because of the chronic shortage of funds and trained
S. 3777 was drafted by the Association on American Indian
sponsors of the bill], write and express your appreciation."
by Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) and is co-spon-
personnel in the Indian Health Service. Moreover, projections
Affairs at the request of the Senate Interior Committee, and
Or, "All of you should write Senator
He has
indicate that another 60,000 need surgery but have not yet
sored by Senator Walter Mondale (D-Minn.), Senator Ernest
is a result of Indian child-welfare oversight hearings held by
been bitten by the Presidential bug and is interested in
been screened.
F. Hollings (D-S.C.), and Senator Philip A. Hart (D-Mich.).
the Senate Subcommittee on Indian Affairs on April 8-9, 1974.
opinions throughout the country." Again, "You have helped
In every year except one since 1961, when the IHS began
The bill was introduced in the closing days of the 94th
H.R. 10367 through committee; now help its passage by writ-
It would provide the 30,000 tribal members with the water
reporting on otitis media, it has been the most prevalent
Congress in order to help stimulate discussion of the issues
ing to your Representatives who are not on the committee."
they need for their survival and to which they are legally
disease among American Indians.
it raises. Based on comments solicited from throughout the
Of course, it required more than the efforts of my cor-
entitled.
Chronic otitis media often begins in children less than one
United States, the Association expects that the bill will be
respondents to secure the final passage of the Alaska Native
The cancellation came about as the result of the interven-
year old. Their hearing is impaired before they are old enough
redrafted and introduced again in the 95th Congress early in
Land Claims Settlement Act (1971), but their efforts cer-
tion of Senator Robert Griffin (R-Mich.) who raised the
to learn speech or language. Untreated, the disease can lead
1977.
tainly helped.
technical objection that the Senate Interior Committee could
to the rupture of the tympanic membrane and cause deafness.
In introducing the legislation, Senator Abourezk said: "This
When the Havasupai started their historic battle to secure
not meet on the matter while the Senate itself was in session.
Spot surveys in a number of Alaska Native villages have
bill is derived from hearings which I chaired on April 8 and
and expand their land base, I had my list of concerned citi-
Without objection, other committees met that day, and the
revealed moderate-to-severe hearing loss (primarily due to
9 of 1974. I do not mean to suggest that this bill will relieve
zens at hand. Again I sent out letters and material from the
Senate Interior Committee met the next day to consider
otitis media) affecting as many as two-thirds of the village
all of the problems that Indian families and Indian communi-
AAIA. Except for those people on my list who live in Ari-
Indian ffairs
3
4
Indian ffairs
population. The Sensory Disabilities Program of the IHS
ties face. What I do mean is that this pattern of discrimina-
zona, few had ever heard of this small tribe and its precarious
lege, majoring in early childhood education; Marvin Lasley,
reports recent surveys showing an overall prevalence of 5
tion against American Indians is the responsibility of the
situation, but again they responded. After the bill had passed
Osage, a senior at Oklahoma State University, majoring in
per cent chronic otitis media in American Indian school-age
Congress. We as elected leaders cannot lay back and allow
Congress and appeared safely on its way, there came the con-
psychology; Curt Locklear, Lumbee, a first year student at
children, with some more isolated Indian school populations
these practices to continue. It is the responsibility of the
certed effort by powerful forces to persuade President Ford
Tuskegee Institute, majoring in veterinarian medicine; Ronald
(for example, on the vast Navajo Reservation) having a
Congress to take whatever action is within its power to see
to let it die by a pocket veto. I learned of this two days be-
J. Lujan, Taos Pueblo, a senior at the University of New
prevalence as high as 12 per cent of the children with chronic
to it that American Indian communities and their families are
fore the deadline. As soon as the evening toll rates went into
Mexico Medical School; Hilda Ann Manuel, Papago, a third
perforations of one or both tympanic membranes. (The rate
not destroyed; to see to it that Indian people receive equal
effect I called people on my list-not everybody, but key
year student at the University of New Mexico School of
among the non-Indian population is less than 1 per cent.) In
justice and the support of the federal government. We must
people distributed over the country-and asked them to tele-
Law; Bill Mason, Cheyenne, a graduate student at the Uni-
April 1974 the IHS estimated that 3,000 Navajo school chil-
commit ourselves to a course in Indian child welfare which will
graph the President. Every one responded; some enlisted
versity of South Dakota, majoring in special education; Jo-
dren suffered from chronic otitis media.
eliminate the abuses and injustices and which will begin the
others. And the Havasupai bill was signed into law (1975).
Anne L. Matchie, Kickapoo, a senior at Washburn University,
Until fiscal year 1970, otitis media had to compete with
long, overdue process of helping, rather than handicapping,
Thus I have learned to use the influence that comes from
majoring in social work; Minita McKinney Runningwater,
other program priorities for the use of appropriations from
Indian children and their families."
specialized knowledge in this field remote from the experi-
Cheyenne, a senior at the University of Oklahoma School of
the overall operating budget of the Indian Health Service.
ences of most good citizens. You who are reading this letter
Nursing; Wanda Miller, Mohawk, a freshman at Mater Dei
The limited funds available to combat the middle-ear disease
Letter to the Editor
also have that specialized knowledge, but you may not know
College, majoring in criminal justice; Shirley Murphy, Sioux,
were used primarily for the treatment of active cases and, to
-as I once did not-how willing people are to accept it. This
a graduate student at San Diego State University, majoring in
some extent, for restorative surgery.
To the Editor:
puts us in a strategic position when there is a clear-cut issue
linguistics; Albert Nocktonick, Potawatomi, a sophomore at
In 1969 the Association on American Indian Affairs urged
to be decided.
Washburn University, majoring in social work; Bob Parisian,
the Senate Subcommittee on Appropriations for Interior and
I have made a discovery these past few years that I hope you
Angie Debo
Chippewa, a visiting graduate student at Stanford University,
Related Agencies to appropriate additional funds specifically
will let me pass on to other readers of Indian Affairs. Pre-
Marshall, Oklahoma
majoring in speech; Milton Poola, Hopi-Tewa, a junior at the
for otitis media activities and recommended a number of
viously I had tried to help certain Indian tribes by individual
effort. And I had always failed. Now I have learned how easy
Editor's note: Dr. Angie Debo is author of The Rise and Fall
University of California at Berkeley, majoring in Native
steps to be taken for the prevention and control of the disease.
of the Choctaw Republic (1934), History of the Indians of
American studies; Mike Reyes, Kickapoo, a freshman at
(See Indian Affairs No. 74.) In 1970, for the first time,
it is to enlist others to help, and how one's influence is there-
the United States (1970), and numerous other works.
Eastern Oregon State College, majoring in pre-law.
Congress appropriated monies specifically for otitis media
by multiplied. The average American of good will has an un-
control activities within the Indian Health Service.
easy conscience about Indians and is unfamiliar with specific
The dramatic success of the special otitis media program
situations, but is glad to accept the guidance of someone with
specialized knowledge.
Scholarships
Alaska Natives
in the last five years should not obscure the fact that one out
of ten Indian and Alaska Natives are still known to be af-
For years I had been concerned about the unresolved land
Emergency scholarship grants ranging from $50 to $250 were
Select Land
fected by the disease.
claims of the Alaska Natives, but had found no way of help-
made by the Association on American Indian Affairs to:
ing them. The news media might mention the land question
Howard A. Anderson, Pit River, a graduate student at the
How do Alaska's Athabascan Indians living in more than 30
in passing, but it was seldom or never explained. Readers of
University of Oregon, majoring in dentistry; Susan Arkeketa,
villages scattered over a land area bigger than any state in
Indian Affairs, of course, were kept abreast of developments,
IN MEMORIAM
Creek-Otoe, a senior at the University of Oklahoma, major-
the U.S. except Alaska or Texas choose the best land for
and the issue published in the fall of 1969 (Indian Affairs
No. 75) carried a statement so complete, so clear, and so
ing in journalism; Elena L. Bassett, Yakima, a junior at
their entitlement under the terms of the Alaska Native Claims
The Board of Directors and the staff of the Association
Central Washington State College, majoring in secondary
Settlement Act?
on American Indian Affairs mourn the passing of E.
concise that I decided to circulate it. In my regular Christmas
Tinsley Ray, who died on July 20, 1976. Mr. Ray was
letter to friends that year I made a brief summary of my own
business education; JoAnn Battise, Alabama-Coushatta, a
The 11,000 members of the Doyon Native Corporation-
treasurer of the AAIA since 1972, a benefactor of
and suggested that they send for this publication and write
senior at North Texas State University, majoring in physical
with more than 200,000 square miles within its boundaries—
the six letters to public officials recommended in a com-
education; Francis Becenti, Navajo, a senior at the University
put some of the world's most advanced and sophisticated
American Indian nursing students, and a devoted friend
of Indian tribes.
munication that accompanied it. I was amazed at the number
of California at Berkeley, majoring in political science; Pat-
technology to work for them. Pictures from NASA's Landsat-1
who wrote back to me reporting that they had done so.
ricia B. Benally, Mandan-Blackfeet, a junior at the University
Earth resources survey satellite were used to make maps of
When I saw this response, I purposely extended my appeal.
of New Mexico, majoring in special education; Bertha H.
7,000,000 acres to help the Athabascans choose some of the
Bick, Sioux, a second year student at the Community Col-
13,000,000 acres they are entitled to under the Act.
Child Welfare Bill
When I was asked to speak at any gathering-women's clubs,
lege of Denver, majoring in nursing; David Brooks, Lumbee,
The maps showed areas of caribou and moose pasture,
historical societies, academic groups, church congregations—
I chose a just settlement of Alaska Native land claims as my
a second year student at Tuskegee Institute, majoring in
potential agricultural land, potentially marketable softwood
On August 27, 1976 Senator James Abourezk (D-S.D.)
subject. I would place the material from the Association on
veterinarian medicine; Gary Conner, Creek-Seminole, a grad-
and hardwood forests, and areas where geologic features indi-
introduced the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1976 (S. 3777).
American Indian Affairs (AAIA) in the front of the room
uate student at the University of Oklahoma, majoring in
cated possible deposits of hard-rock minerals.
The act is intended to (1) eliminate abusive child-welfare
and ask all who were willing to work for the cause to come
human relations; Bruce Contway, Sioux-Cree, a freshman at
The Landsat-1 satellite circles the globe 14 times a day
practices that result in unwarranted Indian parent-child sep-
Montana State University, majoring in history; Martin Cross,
560 miles overhead and surveys Earth's natural resources
and pick it up after the lecture, and to write their names and
arations; (2) end discrimination that prevents Indian families
Hidatsa, a senior at Tabor College, majoring in social work;
with an electronic multispectral scanner that returns data for
addresses on a sheet of paper I had provided.
from qualifying as foster or adoptive families; and (3) pro-
Aaron W. Friedman, Micmac, a senior at the University of
visual images and computer tapes. From these, experts can
The AAIA kept me well informed on current develop-
vide Indian communities with comprehensive child-welfare
North Dakota, pre-medical student; Jan Goslin, Kickapoo, a
distinguish different types of terrain, vegetation, soils, rock
ments. Then I would send out mimeographed letters advising
and family-services programs.
outcrops and other surface features.
definite action. "If your Congressman is among these [co-
senior at Washburn University, majoring in social work; Glen
S. 3777 was drafted by the Association on American Indian
Henson, Jr., Cherokee-Sioux, a graduate student at North-
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, signed into law
sponsors of the bill], write and express your appreciation."
Affairs at the request of the Senate Interior Committee, and
Or, "All of you should write Senator
He has
eastern Oklahoma State University, majoring in education;
in 1971, granted Alaska's more than 60,000 Indian, Eskimo
is a result of Indian child-welfare oversight hearings held by
been bitten by the Presidential bug and is interested in
Kathleen James, Washoe, a sophomore at the University of
and Aleut people title to 40,000,000 acres of land. The
the Senate Subcommittee on Indian Affairs on April 8-9, 1974.
opinions throughout the country." Again, "You have helped
California at Berkeley, majoring in Native American studies;
Alaska Natives are organized into 12 Native regional corpo-
The bill was introduced in the closing days of the 94th
Melinda Juneau, Blackfeet, a freshman at the University of
rations.
H.R. 10367 through committee; now help its passage by writ-
Congress in order to help stimulate discussion of the issues
ing to your Representatives who are not on the committee."
California at Berkeley, majoring in Native American studies;
The Association on American Indian Affairs worked closely
it raises. Based on comments solicited from throughout the
Of course, it required more than the efforts of my cor-
Sampson Juneau, Blackfeet, a freshman at the University of
with Alaska Natives for more than a decade to support their
United States, the Association expects that the bill will be
respondents to secure the final passage of the Alaska Native
California at Berkeley, majoring in Native American studies;
peaceful struggle to obtain Congressional confirmation of
redrafted and introduced again in the 95th Congress early in
Land Claims Settlement Act (1971), but their efforts cer-
Darrell Kipp, Umatilla, a sophomore at Eastern Oregon State
their land rights.
1977.
tainly helped.
College, majoring in sociology; Alan Kitto, Sioux, a graduate
INDIAN AFFAIRS is a newsletter of the Association on
In introducing the legislation, Senator Abourezk said: "This
When the Havasupai started their historic battle to secure
student at the University of South Dakota, majoring in special
American Indian Affairs. Editorial staff: Executive Editor,
bill is derived from hearings which I chaired on April 8 and
and expand their land base, I had my list of concerned citi-
education; Frank E. LaFramboise, Sioux, a graduate student
Mary Gloyne Byler; Editor, Steven Unger; Contributing
9 of 1974. I do not mean to suggest that this bill will relieve
zens at hand. Again I sent out letters and material from the
at the University of South Dakota, majoring in guidance and
Editor, Iliff McKay; Business Manager, Sylvia M. Hermelin;
all of the problems that Indian families and Indian communi-
AAIA. Except for those people on my list who live in Ari-
counseling; Carol J. Lang, Chippewa, a junior at Lesley Col-
Circulation Manager, Lillian Pollack.
Indian ffairs
5
6
Indian A ffairs
Presidential Candidates State Indian Policy
PRESIDENT FORD, Continued
GOVERNOR CARTER, Continued
year training program to enable tribal judges to handle more
Indians have a historic, legal, and moral right to a fair
We are printing here statements prepared by Governor Jimmy
effectively divorce, child custody, and welfare cases.
share of available water resources. The ultimate resolution
III. Do you foresee the continuation of the opportunities
Carter and President Gerald R. Ford especially for Indian
It is definitely the Administration's policy to reduce the
for Indian self-government made possible by the Indian Self-
of conflicts concerning these rights, and the rights of others
Affairs. The Presidential candidates were asked to express
numbers of younger Indian children who are at boarding
in the Southwest, will almost certainly be decided by the
Determination and Education Assistance Act [Public Law 93-
their views on vital issues affecting American Indian people;
schools for long periods of time. In fact, total elementary-age
courts. In disputes concerning water rights, all sides must
638]; and do you foresee contracting leading towards an in-
enrollment in these schools is down by 6,000, while most of
and to state their positions on three specific matters: child
be assured full and competent legal representation. Legisla-
creasing role for Indian tribal governments as a permanent
the rest are Navajo children who go home on weekends. But
welfare, Pima water rights, and self-determination.
tion however may be necessary to speed the resolution of
partner of federal and state governments?
The questions were as follows:
closing all the boarding schools would fly in the face of the
these conflicts, as an alternative to protracted litigation.
I. Will your Administration recommend legislation and
The Association on American Indian Affairs believes it is
strong desires of the affected tribes themselves and would in
Finally, I will not take unilateral action on any issue re-
essential to point out that while both candidates indicate sup-
fact remove what is the only educational resource for some
adopt administrative reforms to protect and strengthen
garding Indian affairs, or Indian programs without full con-
American Indian family life?
port for Indian self-determination and concern for Indian
Indian children.
sultation with tribal representatives. Ours will be a govern-
II. Will your Administration support legislation incorpo-
child-welfare, neither candidate's response to the question re-
I have directed the Departments of Interior and Justice to
ment of participation, of action, of program involvement, and
rating a negotiated settlement to restore to the central Arizona
garding the water rights of the five central Arizona tribes can
give high priority to the protection of Indian natural re-
of true self-government.
be considered forthright and sensitive to urgent social needs.
sources rights, especially water rights. We are defending 23
tribes [Pimas and Papagos] sufficient water to satisfy their
water rights cases, 13 hunting and fishing cases and 21 land
lawful water rights?
Governor Carter
rights cases. We have won milestone decisions for Indian
President Ford
rights in a number of these proceedings.
Alaska School Victory
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to your questions
I am still awaiting Congressional action on my proposal to
Nunapitchuk, Alaska, a village of 300, now has a high school,
When I signed the Indian Self-Determination and Education
regarding my position on matters of interest to Indians.
create an Indian Trust Counsel Authority which would be
and children living in 126 other villages in rural Alaska can
Assistance Act in January, 1975, I described that legislation as
I recognize the unique relationship between the federal
able to intervene in any court as a federal government advo-
also look forward to attending high school while living at
a "milestone for Indian people." During my Congressional
government and Native Americans, and I believe that to the
cate for Indian natural resources rights.
home.
career and my two years as President, I have tried to make
greatest extent possible programs for Indian tribes should
There has been an enormous surge in Indian education
In an out-of-court settlement of Tobeluk V. Lind (originally
Indian self-determination effective and successful.
be designed, implemented, and managed by Indian tribes.
these past several years. More than 16,000 Indian students
Hootch V. Alaska State Operated School System), the State of
I recognize the special relationship of trust that Indian
Indian people should be able to make their own decisions
with federal grants now attend colleges and universities
Alaska has agreed to spend at least $20 million from a $59
tribes have with the United States, and I have often empha-
regarding budget priorities, the operation of Indian schools,
to gain the professional skills needed in their communities.
million school bond issue which will be on a statewide ballot
sized that support of self-determination includes opposition
the best use of their land, water, and mineral resources, and
We have halted the erosion of the tribal land base and
this November, and some $2.5 million from a bond issue
to any deterioration of this relationship.
the direction of their economic development. Self-government
restorations have been achieved of Blue Lake, Mt. Adams,
proposed for 1978 to build schools or otherwise provide facil-
Because of the many needs on Indian reservations-for
must mean that the majority of decisions affecting Indian
and the Menominee lands, while the historic Alaska Native
ities for high school students living at 126 sites in rural Alaska.
economic development, improved health care, increased edu-
tribes will be made in the Tribal Council room and not in
Claims Settlement Act has become law.
If the November bond issue is not approved by the voters
cational opportunities, better roads, liveable housing-I have
Washington, D.C.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs has been transformed from
the suit, brought on behalf of a class of 40 Native students,
urged the strengthening of tribal governments. In this new
Today, duplication of effort, waste, and neglect pervade
a non-Indian organization providing services and running pro-
will go back to court.
era of Indian self-determination, the elected leadership of
the administration of programs, while newly enacted legis-
grams for Indians to a predominantly Indian organization
While the suit was pending the State of Alaska started a
Indian tribes is the key to successful achievement of the goals
lation is often bogged down for months waiting for the
which works with Indian communities to help them meet
crash program to put high schools in Native villages. Most
of America's first citizens.
bureaucracy to develop confusing administrative regulations.
their program and service needs. New Indian service sections
of the 47 rural high schools started this year are in Native
History has demonstrated that the federal government's
A large percentage of federal money is eaten up through the
have been established in many other agencies such as HEW,
villages.
domination cannot meet the needs nor solve the problems of
administrative overlap and waste. Federal dollars appropri-
HUD, Commerce, Agriculture, Labor, and Justice.
In the past, Alaska Natives who wanted to continue study
our Indian citizens. Paternalism of the past in Indian affairs
ated for Indian programs are often misspent and misallocated
The Indian Financing Act is being implemented and hav-
into high school had to attend Bureau of Indian Affairs board-
is a proven failure. Consequently, I have sought to make
to programs that are unwanted by, and of little use to
ing a marked effect on economic development on the reser-
ing schools (some as far away as Oregon or Oklahoma),
available to Indian tribes the resources-and technical assistance
Indians.
vations. Revenue sharing reaches Indian tribal governments
enroll in unsupervised correspondence courses, or board with
needed for them to solve their own problems and achieve
As part of my plans to reorganize government, I intend
directly; education monies are granted or contracted so as to
a family in one of Alaska's larger cities. While almost all of
their own goals.
a complete review of all federal programs designed for
strengthen the role of Indian parent advisory groups in having
the predominantly non-Native villages provide secondary
I have backed up policies and promises with money: In the
Indian people, to be conducted with the full participation of
a say in the education of their children.
schooling, only 20 per cent of Native children living in rural
past six years the budget of the Bureau of Indian Affairs has
Indian leaders from tribal, urban, and national organizations.
Funds under the National Indian Education Act, for in-
areas are served by community high schools.
been increased by almost 300 per cent and the Indian health
This review will determine the best manner by which the
stance, have now reached 1,200 school districts and 235
Now it is expected that children in the Native villages will
budget has grown by almost 400 per cent. The Department of
trust responsibility should be assured and maintained; it will
grantees.
be able to stay home to continue their secondary education
Commerce is targeting $27.7 million for Indian economic
consider how Indian legal interests can best be represented
The policy of Indian self-determination has led to increased
as a result of the State's commitment.
planning and economic development in 1977. The Compre-
in the future; it will analyze the administration of Indian
responsibilities and roles for tribal governing bodies through
In addition to presenting an amicus curiae brief in support
hensive Employment and Training Act administered by the
programs and recommend changes to cut overhead costs and
the contracting of erstwhile Federal programs and in other
of the plaintiffs before the Alaska Supreme Court, the AAIA
Department of Labor, allocates significant funds to Indian
to assure that Indian needs are really being served; and it
ways. This policy must continue and expand to the point that
provided financial assistance in the case.
people: Before the CETA was enacted (in FY 1973) man-
will develop plans for fuller participation by Indian tribes in
the Indian communities are truly controlling their own
power allocations for Indians totalled $17.3 million; today
the operation of Indian programs.
destinies.
Indian manpower funds total $75 million, including $52.6
Indian families and children, like all American families
The successful implementation of Indian self-determination
ASSOCIATION ON AMERICAN INDIAN AFFAIRS,
million going directly to 157 Indian prime sponsors. The
deserve to be protected and supported by government rather
lays the groundwork for Indian communities to effect solu-
INC. 432 Park Avenue South, N.Y., N.Y. 10016
Office of Education's special funds for Indian education have
than ignored or destroyed. The rights of Indian families to
tions to numerous chronic problems which have long afflicted
risen from $18 million in FY 1973 to $42 million today.
raise their children as they wish have not always been re-
the reservations.
I enclose my membership contribution of $
I have asked Cabinet agencies to give particular attention
spected by government. Today up to 25 per cent of all Indian
Finally, I have urged my White House Staff and govern-
(Annual dues: Associate $120; Sustaining, $60;
to many special concerns of the Indian people. Among these
children are raised in foster homes or adoptive institutions.
ment agencies to meet Indian people with open doors and
is the need for reform to protect Indian family life. Too
Some of these placements are unwarranted, and many could
sensitivity. These officials are in daily contact with national
Active $30; Contributing $15; Student $5).
many Indian children are separated from their parents and
be prevented if proper social services as well as sufficient
Indian leadership organizations.
improved social services are needed to alleviate this problem.
As I said when I met with a group of Indian leaders in the
Name
educational, economic and housing resources were available
The Administration is encouraging Indian tribal councils to
to Indians. If I am elected President, I intend to insure that
White House on July 16, "Together we can write a new chap-
adopt their own juvenile and family protection codes and has
Indian families are assisted and bolstered by government
ter in the history of this land that we all serve and this land
Address
supported the National Indian Judges Association in a three-
policies.
that we all share."
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
LEAVE FOR SALT LAKE CITY
From Washington National Aprport
on United Flight 299 at 4:30 PM OCT. 18
Arfive Chicago 5:30 Pin
Leave Chicago UAL 489 at 6:30
Arrive Salt Lake City 8:40 PM
STAYING AT THE SALT PALACE TRAVELODGE
FORD
215 West North Temple
&
801-532-1000
LEAVING SALT LLAKE CITY:
GERALD
10: AM Friday October 22, UAL 226
Arrive Denver 11:09 AM
Meet with Denver Regional Council at the
Denver Federal Center (phone via Mr.
Norton on 303-234-4171) from 2 to 3:30 PM
Leave D enver UAL 678 at 4:25 PM
Arrive Moline, Illinois 7:55 PM
Listen to debabe at the Deere & Company
Administrative Center
Overnight at Holiday Inn (near airport)
Saturday and Sunday programs as indicated.
LEAVE MOLINE
2:31 PM Sunday October 24 Ozark 872
Arrive Chicago 3:19 PM
Leave Chicago American A. 462 at 4:30
Arrive Washington "ational 7:11 PM
"The Congress and the Presidency:
A Managerial Appraisal"
SEVENTH ANNUAL NATIONAL
LEADERSHIP SYMPOSIUM
Jointly Sponsored by
Center for the Study of the Presidency
and
National Association of Manufacturers
in association with
American Council on Education
October 22-24, 1976
Moline, Illinois
FORD & LIBRAR UNIVED
Deere & Company Administrative Center
Symposium Site
Program Schedule
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1976
2:00- 5:00 p.m.
REGISTRATION, Holiday Inn, Junction 6, 92, & 150,
Moline, Illinois
5:30- 6:15 p.m.
Transportation departs Holiday Inn for Administrative Center,
Deere & Company
5:45- 6:45 p.m.
RECEPTION, Administrative Center
6:45- 7:45 p.m.
DINNER, Administrative Center
8:00-10:30 p.m.
TELEVISED DEBATE and COMMENTARIES
Administrative Center Auditorium
10:30-11:00 p.m.
Transportation departs Administrative Center for Holiday Inn
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1976
7:30- 8:45 a.m.
BREAKFAST (buffet) Holiday Inn
8:15- 8:45 a.m.
Transportation departs Holiday Inn for Administrative Center
9:00-10:15 a.m.
ADDRESS and QUESTION PERIOD
Administrative Center Auditorium
10:15-10:30 a.m.
Coffee Break
10:30-12:00 Noon
FIRST ROUND TABLE
Administrative Center Auditorium
12:15- 1:15 p.m.
LUNCHEON, Administrative Center
1:15- 2:00 p.m.
LUNCHEON ADDRESS
2:15 p.m.
Transportation departs Administrative Center for West Branch, Iowa
3:15- 4:15 p.m.
TOUR of Hoover Birthplace and Hoover Memorial Library
À
4:15 p.m.
Transportation departs West Branch for Holiday Inn
6:15- 6:45 p.m.
Transportation departs Holiday Inn for Administrative Center
6:30- 7:15 p.m.
RECEPTION
7:15- 8:15 p.m.
DINNER
8:15- 9:30 p.m.
ADDRESS and QUESTION PERIOD, Administrative Center
Auditorium
9:45-10:15 p.m.
Transportation departs Administrative Center for Holiday Inn
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1976
7:30- 8:45 a.m.
BREAKFAST (buffet) Holiday Inn
8:15- 8:45 a.m.
Transportation departs Holiday Inn for Administrative Center
9:00-10:30 a.m.
SECOND ROUND TABLE, Administrative Center Auditorium
10:30-10:50 a.m.
Coffee Break
11:00-12:00 Noon
ADDRESS and QUESTION PERIOD
Administrative Center Auditorium
12:15- 1:15 p.m.
LUNCHEON
1:15- 1:45 p.m.
Transportation leaves for Holiday Inn and Quad Cities Airport
Program
OPENING SESSION
Introductory Remarks: ELLWOOD F. CURTIS, President, Deere & Company;
RICHARD C. KAUTZ, Chairman, National Association of Manufacturers; and
R. GORDON HOXIE, President, Center for the Study of the Presidency.
TELEVISED DEBATE:
President GERALD R. FORD
Governor JAMES E. CARTER, JR.
Moderator BROADUS N. BUTLER, Director, Office of Leadership Development in Higher
Education, American Council on Education.
.
Commentaries: W. ANTOINETTE FORD, Former White House Fellow; MARTIN S. HAYDEN,
Editor, Detroit News; LOUIS W. KOENIG, Professor of Politics, New York University;
MICHAEL J. ROBINSON, Assistant Professor of Politics, Catholic University of America;
SUSAN B. SCHIFFER, Former White House Fellow; and HENRY HALL WILSON, former
Administrative Assistant to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson.
ADDRESS AND QUESTION PERIOD
"Agenda for Leadership"
W.J. USERY, JR., U.S. Secretary of Labor.
FIRST ROUND TABLE
"Business and Public Policy: A Formula for Productivity"
1
Moderator: WILLIAM J. CASEY, Former Chairman, Export-Import Bank of the United
States.
Participants: C. JACKSON GRAYSON, JR., Director, American Productivity Center;
RICHARD C. KAUTZ; JERRY MCAFEE, Chairman, Gulf Oil Corporation; and JOHN H.
PERKINS, President, Continental Illinois Corporation.
LUNCHEON ADDRESS
"Herbert Hoover Reappraised"
JOSEPH E. McCABE, Chancellor, Coe College.
DINNER ADDRESS AND COMMENTARY
Moderator: HARRY J. SIEVERS, S.J., Dean of the Graduate School, Fordham University.
"Adam Smith and America"
Introduction and Commentary: IAN MACGREGOR, Chairman, AMAX Inc.
ANDREW S. SKINNER, Professor of Political Economy, University of Glasgow, Scotland
SECOND ROUND TABLE
"Managerial Aspects of the Presidency"
Moderator: DONALD HAIDER, Associate Professor of Public Management, Northwestern
University.
Participants: LOUIS W. KOENIG; BRADLEY D. NASH, author, Staffing the Presidency;
BRADLEY H. PATTERSON, JR., Assistant Director for Operations, Presidental Person-
nel Office; MICHAEL J. ROBINSON; and C. DWIGHT WALDO, Editor-in-Chief, Public
Administration Review.
ADDRESS AND QUESTION PERIOD
"Congress and the Presidency in the Formulation of Economic Policy"
JOHN B. ANDERSON, U.S. House of Representatives, Chairman, Republican Conference.
PROGRAM AND LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE
HAROLD L BELL, Professor of Political Science, Augustana College, and DONALD B.
JOHNSON, Professor of Political Science, University of Iowa, Co-Chairmen; BROADUS
N. BUTLER, Director, Office of Leadership Development in Higher Education, Amer-
ican Council on Education; KENNETH E. DAVISON, Professor of American Studies,
Heidelberg College; RAYMOND ENGLISH, Director, Social Science Program, Educa-
tional Research Council of America; EDWARD C. JONES, President, Jones Dairy
Farm; GLENN LEGGETT, Vice President, Corporate Communications, Deere & Com-
pany; DANIEL S. MCHARGUE, Professor of Government and Public Affairs, Southern
Illinois University; GEORGE F. NEILEY, Director, Public Relations, Deere & Company;
ARTHUR REEF, Vice President, AMAX Inc.; THOMAS E. SCISM, Professor of Political
Science, Eastern Illinois University; JAMES N. SITES, Senior Vice President, Com-
munications, National Association of Manufacturers; and WILLIAM C. SPRAGENS,
Associate Professor of Political Science, Bowling Green State University.
Dear Mr. Hoxie:
Thank you for your invitation to attend
the Seventh Annual National Leadership
Symposium in Moline.
It is a pleasure to accept, and I enclose
a biography and photograph.
I will certainly be with you for Sunday
morning and will let you know whether I'll
be able to arrive as early as Friday evening.
Perhaps when you have it firmed up, you
could send me an agenda for the three days.
Cordially,
Bradley H. Patterson, Jr.
Mr. R. Gordon Hoxie
Center for the Study of the Presidency
926 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10021
BHP;msp
Enc: bio and photo
FORD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 26, 1976
Dear Len,
This past week has turned up some particularly poignant experiences which
made me think often of you and of our years together. At the risk of being presump-
tuous, I thought you might like to have a line or two about them.
This was the week of the 33rd Annual Convention of the National Congress
of American Indians and I was invited to Salt Lake City to join the proccedings.
Familiar issues and familiar faces were everywhere.
Before leaving Monday, I went with Bobbie over to Bork's domain to argue
withBork's tough, bright young conservative Assistant S.G. that the US. should enter
an amicus brief in support of certiorari in the Namen case at Flathead. The Flat-
heads own, as tribal property, the south half of Flathead Lake to "mean high water".
A non@Indian (Namen) long ago bought an Indian al lotment infee, but has also put up
a 300' wharf and breakwater out into the lake. The tribe sued, the District Court
found for Namen, saying that the "federal common law of wharfage" applied; the
Court of Appeals summarily affirmed. Even the S.G. people recognized this as an
outright treapass on tribal property, but told us "no luck"; the papers had already
been circulated tothe Justices; the casez was on their agenda for the 22nd. .Of
course the Court might ask the US for a brief, but again they might not.
I asked if there was any informal way we could notify the Court that we
would like to be asked. The young Assistant S.G. frowned. And Bork never likes to
request that the papers be called back once circulated
I asked my question again.
and for a long moment the Assistant S.G. looked me inthe eye. Then he lifted the
phone and called the Clerk. Turned out that the Clerk was just then putting two
agendas together the 22nd's anothe 29th'sv- and it didn't matter to him which one
the Namen case went onto.
That was all we needed --and the SG is filing the brief this week. But it
wouldn't have happened that way unless we had gone over there This just brought
home again to me the point SO often and sqdecisively learned inall theyears have
been in the White House: White House Staff intervention in policy or even operational
matters, especially in sensitive areas, can be doneffectively and in a well-timed
manner without "interposing" between the President and his Cabinet And that
intervention can be crucial. I note that the "traditionalist" group of public
administrators has just written a paper calling for a minimum size White House
staff andthe usual circumspect White House staff behaviour. But where policy is
changing, or when crises arise, you and I know that the interests of the President
are otherwise. Remember four years ago tonight, and also our visit with Bork on
de Funis?
Before catching the plane Monday I fired a memo into the President's
briefing machinery to warn him -- when he goes to Seattle this week --against being
trapped by the angry politicos in the State of Washington into denouncing or under-
cutting the Boldt decision in US V Washington (which affirmed the heretofore ignored
Indian treaty right to 50% of the harvestable salmon catch). The non-Indian commercial
and sports fishermen are fit to be tied and, in a newspaper I have just read,
when the reluctant and unhappy State officials were trying to do their legal duty,
snortsmen in their boats actually tried to swamp the State patrol cruisers, so the
the Coast Guard had to come in to help. A Little Rock in salmon country
With Democrate and Republicans out-doing each other in denouncing Jhdge
Boldt, I am worried that the President, if unbriefed, might unintentionally join in
their chorus.
No sooner than having arrived at my Salt Lake City notel (at 11:30 pm
Eastern time) I was summoned to an adjoining motel room by threarmest but profoundly
angry non=Indian BIA of ficials who had come upfrom Window Rock. Their complaint:
the Supreme Court's Mancari and Freeman decisi ns, which ruled that in all hiring,
promotions and transfers in BIA and Ind an Health Service, Indian Preferencewas to
be the rule, the Civil Service merit system and the Civil Right's Act nondiscrimina-
tion provisions notwithstanding. These men and some hundreds like them, having
served perhaps 20 years but na ready toretire, now find themselves cut off from
any further unward or lateral advancement. Indian trives, taking over their functions
by contract (as we intended in 1970) are not likely to hire many of them, and the
President hast just vetoed an early retirement bill for them as being too liberal.
Their even oitterencoomplaint: that BIAS spurred by the impact of the Court's
decisions, is going beyond allreason and putting Indians in everywhere, even if
barely qualified. Where once, they said, within BIA there were good relations between
Indians and non-Indians, now they are soured all over. A tough dilemma the facts
of which are hard to obtain, and the solution even harder.
Salt Lake City's morning scintzillated in pristinely clear air -- the great
bowl of arid mountains rises over the city on three sides but the western horizon
opens far off into 150 miles of Salt Flats to the Nevada border. One's mind and
spirits open up with that western air
My first duty was to appear as the Administration spakesman debating a
Carter spokesman (Dave Berg, a Houston ACLU attorney) on Indian policy. Hardly
Marquis of Women Voters rules: the moderator (Sam Deloria) opened by calling us
both "turkeys", and entered into the debate against me on a number of occasions,
while the audience, generally pro-Democrat, showed this by frequent applause. It
was a good and lively debate, but my position wasn's made any easier by individual
Indians queuing up for questions from the floor and venting their individual recent
complaints against the BIA on me. Do you remember the long meeting youand I had
in1973 with AllenRowland, mirman of the Northern Cheyennes, with LaDonna, Kent
Frivzell and a lot of others on their coal leases? Rowland got up to complain tha t
"nobody in Washington had ever listened to him. If When I reminded him of our 1/2 hour
session, 3 years ago, he amended his complaint that he "never heard anything more
after that. Actually, Secretary Morton cancelled half of his leases and helped
the Northern Cheyennes a great deal, and I reminded him of that, too.
Tuesday noon was a lunch ori the 26th floor of the gleaming new white sky-
scraper office building of the Church of JesusChrist of Latter Day Saints, towering
over the old, gray Temple and Tabernacle. The whole place is , frankly, opulent;
the 26th floor dining suite has floor toceiling windows overlooking the City. The
Church put on the Sunch for Thompson and some 300 of the Indian leaders; Governor
Rampton was there, also LDS President Spencer Kimball and my old Cabinet Room
colleague Ezra Taft Benson, now white-haired. The Church has a special brotherly
interest in Indians: it considers them as Lamanites, or some of the lost tribes of
Israel. There are 500 Indian students at Brigham Young University and the Church
has a large Indian scholarship program. ABYU choir (of Indians in ullcostume)
sang songs including a delightful Indian@style hallelujah chorus. Afterwards we
previewed a new movie by Kieth Merrill about to be released: "The Great American
Indian". It is very pro-Indian and will somewhat mawkishly but potently give
strength to the prevailing American stereotype of the verynoble Indians who have
suffered much, period.
Tuesday night Reid Chambers, who has just left Interior to enter private
practice, and I took Ada Deer to dinner andheard about how splendidly she is con-
tinuing to lead her Menominee tribe into the implementation of the Restoration Act.
Ada, you may remember, was the one who lashed AIM for trying their monkeyshines on
the Menominee Reservation. Reid and Thad a scotch together before dinner; he wanted
to be sure you know how highly he thinks of you and how well hr remembers that you
orted his appointment. We spoke a lot about your philosophy of working along
the narrow path of theachievable bet een the beetling cliffs of righteous extremists.
He, like me, remembers all those years with pride and affection.
-3-
Wednesday I listened all morning as ahe rather well-organized Conference
debated and approved the text of several Resolutions. I append one of them.
Remembering what we considered our far-sighted efforts in June-July 1970 to
set forth a turnaround and a new direction for Indian policy, what Indians are
giving now as their priority desires is impressive. They have really picked up
ori self-dstermination and in the spirit of Gompers have done a good deal "more" with
it.
In the background here, you may hot know, is the growing strength of an
organized movement in the west called the Interstate Congress onEqual Rights and
Responsibilities (and a local affilit in Montana called MOD: Montanans Opposed to
Discrimination). These groups are composed of non@Indians who own fee land within
or near Reservation boundaries and who are startled and appalled at the combination
(as they see it) of Indian calls for total jurisdiction and sovereignty, and the
allegedly weak and unfair Indian tribal courts and justice systems. From anti-
Navajos in Arizona, to anti-Boldters in Washington (and some Indians who are mad
at their own tribal governments) the Conference is collecting money, mobilizing
political support and drafting legislation for the next Congress -- in which Indian
matters will no longerhave the benevolent help of such departing veterans as Fannin,
Haley, Meeds, Forrest Gerard and Frank Ducheneaux. It will be a different pliace
up there and Indians are worried. But their worry is drowned out by the tough
talk of such Resolutions as these --which of course will tend to accelerate the
fears of the MOD types. Those beetling cliffs get higher
At Wednesday's Commissioner's Lunch, Thompson tried to explain why he is
resigning as of November 3 (to become VP of an Alaskan gas pipeline company).
Deputy Commissioner Frankel (remember once I wanted his job?) left ammonth ago to
join the Certer campaign in Virginia. Leaves BIA with not much leadership until
next Spring
Was called out of the Assembly Hall at one point to see if I would let
myself be interviewed by Miss Yakima Nation, a lovely young princess who had to
interview some NCAI VIP and then report on it orally as part of her competition
for the Miss NCAI crown. She didn t know what questions to ask, soI asked her if
she knew the story of how her people regained Mt. Adams and the 21,000 acres. She
had no idea, SO I told her of our successful two-year-long effort to rectify a
Teddy Roosevelt mistake of 1906. (She must have given a good report; she got to be
a Runner-Up.) She is at BYU studying to be a teacher.
My own speech Wednesday dealt rather candidly with the many still-unresolved
enbiguities in Indian policy as I see them in Washington. Much of the Executive
Branch, most of Congress and almost all of the American people, I think, are knew
jerking sympathizers with helping the downtrodden Indians, but are blassfully unaware
of some of the principal objectives of responsible Indian leaders: remaining as
independent, political and societal units "for the life of the United States",
being considered for federal assistance programs as the equivalent of States;
interpreting the government's trust responsibility as including the le gal obligation
to render moreand better-funded services unrelated to income, demanding that our
constitutional protections against sex discrimination be waived for actions of tribal
governments (Martinez V Santa Clara -- 10th Circuit 75-1615), and proposing that
there be a new, independent Cabinet Department of Indians Affairs, controlled by
Indians (not by the President), also suggesting that the Constitutio n be amended
to remove from the Congress the plenary powers it still holds over Indians and
which it used $0 ruthlessly prior to 1934. For their part, Indians, I think, are
fuzzy about (a) whether they want to be part of or totally cut off from State and
local governments ("don" tax us at all, but keep on supplying State services"),
(b) whether they want contracting out by BI- and IHS or whether they see such
contracts leading Congress eventually to conclude that there need no longer be any
"special" federal-Indian relationship, (c) how to handle --and how we should handle--
-4-
romantic dissidents among them who want to toss out the whole panoply the of the
the Reorganization Act, elected tribal governments, etc, and go back to
Longhouse difference between intra or interdepartmental commit ees of us feds, and public
Indian (e.g. the Oglala faction which invited AIM inback in 1973), (d) about
the advisory mechanisms on which they would sit and finally (e) about the difference
between professional Executive Office staff wor and "advocacy."
A few voices sounded startled and said "we must have a response" to
my speech, but the speech needed to be made.
Wednesday
night was pow-wow, and I beamed at the scene as I have SO often
in recent years of a hundred (or several hundred) Indians in incredible dress and
war pacint, dancing in unison to the drums and chants. Among the dancing men and
women are always children, some as young as 2, all dressed up and in their every
movement
showing absolutely no doubt about what culture they belong
to. I remember one meeting of our/your White House Conference on Children and
Yough Subcommittee on Race and Minority Affairs assembling in California and
hearing a young Chinese teacher in the Berkeley schools exelaim "A people without
knowledge of its history and culture is a people without a soul! " A pow-wow
dance shows one groupof people with plenty of both.
At Thursday's closing banquet, 1 sat at the head table next to Mr.
Capoeman -- yes the veryonne of the landmark tax case Souire V Capoeman.
He is pretty old now, a Quinault, used to be a woodsman and fishing guide; once
guided George Marshall he prouded told me. A little like sitting next to Rosa Parks.
Also honored at the banquet was Esther Ross, Tribal Chairperson of the Stillaguamish.
Old, a bitgnarled, deaf, suffering from a stroke, she spoke haltingly to a hughed
hall of how overcome whe was at receiving an NCAI Award for leading her people in
a years-long fight for federal recognition. How for many years she had worked for
herd "Indian people". But amid the lumps in my throat, I knew that Esther is a
tough old girl: the Stillaguamishhave sued Secretary Kleppe for an answer to their
recognition question, and the Court has tond Kleppe to stop its fudging on recognition
policy and give her an answer within 30 days. Another Rosa Parks of sorbs.
Dancing afterwards was rock and roll find for one number I picked aas a
partner a familiar face who had smiled and said "hello": Ladada Means. I think
she is Russell's sister, or ox-wife; one of the Alcatraz occupiers, she was among
the AIM group who had trashed Airlie House. I remember first meeting her at a
Fred Harris cocktail party --rebutting my enthusiastic description of Nixon's
Message with the comment: "Anything Nixon says is shit. Later she went back to
Fort Hall and wrote me a couple of Jong letters imphoring for federal intervention
to bust up a "corrupt" Tribal Council which had frozenher out. Thad written her back
with the correct but lame advice: keep trying to work within the system. And now?
LaNada grinned and said she is presently an elected Member of the Fort Hall Triball
Council, working arm in arm with Peter Edmo and other tribal conservatives. I
told her I was proud of her
Then I complimented her on the very attractive
Indian necklace she was wearing. "That came from an exhibit case in the BIA building"
said LaNada
The rock and roll would stop from time to time, and my closing memory of
the NCAI Conference was of Sam Cagey, Lummi, a great, squat bull of a man (remember--
we helped him get his supplus radar site back?) exuberantly climbing on a table
and breaking out into the incandescent Washington coastal Indian chart, while
dozens of gleeful celebrants thumped other tables in an accompanying drum-beat.
As the plane climbed out of Salt Lake City Frdday morning, I could look
back and see Great Salt Lake where our family on its 13th transcontinental camping
trip had paused for a buoyant swim two and a third years back. Then we soared east
over the city and over the motel wherey wi th three-year-old Dawn and baby Bruce
-5-
we had rendezvoused with Shirley's parents (we coming from DC and they from San
Francisco) on the very first of those transcontinental trips twenty-eight years ago.
Flew by Long's Peak (which Ihave climbed twice) and descended into Denver.
I could see the flat plains and remembered the sunset helicopter ride in May of 1973
from the Denver airport to Gordon, Nebraska when the five of us went on our mission
to Wounded Knee. You had cautioned me to make no waves --rembmber? --but it turned
out that Bill Greider's two Post stories (and pictures) of our meeting under the
pine arbor atKyle was the only favorable news about the Nixon Administration that
D.C. had seen inweeks.
Mike Norton, CSARegional Administrator (and formerly of GSA's ID) took me
to lunch at the Brown Palace Hotel; we reminisced about how pee-d off Kunzig had
been that you and I had dealt directly with TomHannon in the Alcatraz affair. I
reminded Norton that that was the way Kingsley had wanted it, and hardly needed to
recall to him how ably Hannon had handled the whole year-and-a-half long matter.
He's still in San Francisco -- GSA's
senior Regional Administrator.
Met with the Federal Regional Council in Denver to discuss coordination
of Indian policies and programs, an d how to dovetail the 34 offices in 21 agencies
which now conduct Indian programs. Could the FRC help much? Answer probably not,
The RC Chairman asked me totake back to Washington what he considered a first-rate
idea:
have the Regional Councils tie not only into OMB (as at present)
but directly to the Domestic Councilitself. Pat Moynahan will remember that
proposal in my special report to him and the Urban Affairs Council in the summer of
1969 (he didn t buy it then, and/the Domestic Council probably won't now either).
Flow east again under the darkening skies --but in the twiblight I could
still see the Platte 37,000 feet below, and remembered our several camping trips
retracing the Oregon Trail along the same route.
At the Moline gathering of the Center for the Study of the Presidency, Bill
Baroody and I spent several wee hours swapping White House stories with Susan
Schiffer and Henry Hall Wilson, of the JFK, LBB and now Carter camps. Next morning
there was a panel of Jackson Grayson, Continental Illinois Company's John Perkins
,
NAMChairman Richard Kautz and Gulf Oil¿s President McAfee. In varying tones they
decried federal intervention in the market place, and Congresses and bureaucrats
who interfered with productivity by doing "social experimenting". Irthe question
period Toosed a problem to them: Congress passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act;
the Supreme Court has decided Griggs V Duke Power and the "bureaucrats" on the
EECCC have been trying for three years to draft their way through 40 pages of
guidelines to be issued to all the nation's businesses
mandating that they
review every one of their internal testing procedures to ensure that they are
"job-relded" --i.e. as per the Griggs cirterion. Market-place intervention in
spades -- but would the panelhave theCongress rescind Title VII --- or the Court
cancel Griggs -- or tellthe "bureaucrats" to stop trying tgenforce the law?
Grayson gave the bestanswer: Remember de Toqueville. Perhaps, he said, our quest
for equality is getting in the way of our quest for liberty. The sheer economic
cost of the former may be too expensive for the hoped-for social dividend. Maybe,
he suggested plaintively, Brookings or some other researcher could help identify
the warhing signs when this social cost/benefit ratio was getting down to 1.00.
But he wasn't optimistic.
The week's most poignant moment was really at the beginning, on Monday.
John Grlichman was in town and suggested lunch. Bobbie and I met him in an out-of-
the-way spot.
His face and bald area are bronzed from the days under the Southwest shun.
He has a big beard, streaked with gray. He has been prowling around one godforsaken
corner after another of the Navajo Reservation, and calling up O'Neill or Bobbie
-6-
or me of Assistant Secretary RonColeman inInterior -- all old friends - on the
phone to try to be of small, viscellaneous help. The Kayenta Indian Health clinic
has three oldar bulances, but onlyone is equi ped for off-the-read service. Could we
see if GSA or Army would have one surplus ambulance? Peabody Coal (just bought out
by Bechtel) is doing the mining at BlackMesa. He will callGeorge Shultz and see
if Peabody could be persuaded to furnish a health facility up there on the Mesa -
"they have two industrial accidents a day and it's a long Way down the mountain to
Kayenta 11 The man who sat at the right hand of the President of the United States
is now worried about the adequacy of the PinonSchool
Ehrlichman's eyes lit up with his old elan: "What we should do with the
Ge6ff Shephafds and other White House program types is say: 'You are hired onthe
White House Staff, but before you come on duty among the makers and shakers of
policy, you are to spend 6 months 2000 miles away at the absolute last end of
the 'service delivery system'; here is an airplane ticket! 111
His voice intensity and his humor were still vintage Ehrlichman.
They were good years, Len.
Affectionately, Bard
GERALD R. FORD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 28, 1976
NOTE FOR:
Doris Meissner
Bobbie Kilberg
Greg Austin
Peter Taft
Attached is a copy of the
resolution on Jurisdiction which was
approved at the NCAI Convention last
week. Also one on Treaties and Trust
Responsibilities
Bradley Beed H. Patterson, Jr.
RAL GLRALD FOND
Preamble:
From time immemorial American Indian governments existed within
the now exterior boundaries of the United States of America. Afer
the coming of the non-Indian to these shores, non-Indian govern-
ments were established in conflict with the traditional American
Indian governments. Jurisdictional disputes have continuously
existed as a result of competing governmental claims to the
right and duty of such governments to regulate the people within
the territories of such governments. Conflicting claims must be
resolved consistent with the perpetual existence of American
Indian government.
FORD
GERALD
(nations) JURISDICTION (bands RESOLUTION and comminities)
WHEREAS, American, Indian tribes possess all inherent powers of
sovereignty and self-government, and forced upon
WHEREAS, in the process of negotiations to
American Indian
/
tribes and by the Federal government, Indian tribes retained
governmental powers not specifically surrendered over persons,
property, and lands; and
WHEREAS, these retained powers include jurisdiction over all
(enviroment)
persons, property, lands and activities within the original
established exterior boundaries of reservations, and within
the boundaries of other trust and restricted lands held by or
for the tribe; and
WHEREAS, these powers also include jurisdiction over traditional
activities wheresoever located that are necessary to insure the
survival of Indian people and culture including but not limited
to hunting, fishing, and gathering rights; and
WHEREAS, these powers also include (exclusine) such jurisdiction
to provide no less than a sufficient quantity and quality
(as a resource)
water to insure the survival and growth of Indian people and
culture; and
WHEREAS, various Congressional enactments have impinged upon
the excercise of tribal jurisdiction powers and have created
FORD
&
amibguities in jurisdiction, and these impingements and amb-
ERALD
iguities have unduly burdened tribal governments in their
exercising the full scope of their jurisdiction; and
WHEREAS, States use their superiority of resources to exhaust
(*
A TRIBE CAN DECIDE TO EVERCISE LESS THAN THIS
IF IT WANTS I.e. CAN DECIDE TO LIMIT ITS JUAISDICTION
Tr. TAIKU AND TRINT IANDS) 1
2
tribal resources in jurisdiction struggles and intimidate
legitimate tribal assertions of jurisdiction; and
WHEREAS, Congressional appropriations for tribal programs are
often significantly reduced by expenses incurred within the
federal bureaucracy and tribal programs are often hampered
by exercise of federal control of programs; and
WHEREAS, the laws and actions of the State of Oklahoma and
the United States government concerning the jurisdictional
status of the American Indian tribes of Oklahoma have
created great confusion for Indian and non-Indian govern-
ments; and
WHEREAS, the laws and actions of the various states and the
United States government concerning the jurisdictional
powers and status of non-reservation and landless tribes are
vague and confusing; and
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, by the National Congress of
American Indians.
1. Appropriate Congressional legislation must be en-
acted to provide for retrocession for those tribes affected by P.L. {
and similar statutes at the option of tribes, and
2. Indian country must be excluded from the application
of the Assimilative Crimes Act, and
3. Appropriate Congressional legislation must be en-
acted to provide for tribal assumption by the enactment of
appropriate ordinances providing for penalties commensurate
with the offense committed including any offenses enumerated
3
under the Major Crimes Act, and
4. Congress must appropriate adequate funds based upon
tribal assessment of its needs to insure the development and
continued existence of tribal law enforcement and court
systems, and
5. Congress must enact legislation requiring that before
a Federal Agency can take or continue major action affecting
tribal jurisdiction the agency shall file with the affected
tribes an Indian Impact Statement setting out all the effects
of the action or proposed action on the affected tribes'
jurisdiction and relationship with other governments.
6. Congress must enact legislation and appropriate
sufficient appropriations that tribal
governments may employ independent counsel for the negot-
iation and litigation of jurisdiction issues where a conflict
of interest exists within the Federal government and or when
state governmental entities are involved.
7. Congress must enact legislation precluding indirect
state taxes on tribal and individual property, including but
not limited to leasehold interest tax, severance tax, extrac-
tion tax etc.
8. Any additional Federal laws concerning jurisdiction
in Indian country must serve to enhance tribal government
FORD
consistent with historic and legal concepts of Indian
CERALD
sovereignty.
9. Congress must specifically include tribal govern-
ments within the Full Faith and Credit provisions of 28 U-S-C.
1738.
4
10. Because many of the disputes between tribes and
local non-indian governments are result of ignorance con-
cerning tribal jurisdiction, Congress must require that those
educational institutions receiving federal funds institute
comprehensive programs to educate Americans in the nature,
scope, and history of tribal governmental powers in the
United States; and
11. That Congress must enact legislation providing
for [Full tribal] direct (Totribes) for tribal control of
tribal programs; and
12. Congress must enact legislation specifically
recognizing or restoring the established exterior boundaries
(and other affected tribes)
of the American Indian Tribes of Oklahoma consistent with
the direction of the tribes affected; and
13. Congress must enact legislation consistent with
the jurisdictional integrity and perpetual existence of
non-reservation and landless tribal governments.
&
ALD
Approved 10/20/76
TREATIES AND TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES
WHEREAS, the immemorial rights of native peoples existed prior
to and independent of formal recognition by the United States
Government,
and,
WHEREAS, these aboriginal rights were recognized by the fact that
the United States Government entered into treaties with the
Indian nations, and
WHEREAS, the United States has affirmed that the trust respon-
sibility extends to rights reserved by treaties, executive
orders, agreements, statutes, and aboriginal rights for which
the United States is trustee, and that the central purpose of
the trust responsibility is the protection and enhancement of
tribal resources and tribal rights of self-government, and
WHEREAS, the National Congress of American Indians believes
that basic concepts relating to the federal Indian trust
responsibility have consistently been misunderstood by state
officials, federal agencies, and the courts resulting in
unnecessary litigation, repeated delays, unreasonable expenses,
and unjust results to Indian people, and
WHEREAS, Congressional legislation should expressly state that
its purpose is not to create new law concerning the trust
relationship, but to clarify certain basic aspects of the
trust relationship.
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that,
the trust responsibility is a duty binding on all
federal agencies, and no agency may take any action
which directly or indirectly interferes with any trust
right except as clearly authorized in the express
FORE
language of a statute enacted by Congress and consented
to by affected tribes.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED: that,
Indians and Indian tribes shall have the right to
enjoin federal or state action which interferes with
trust rights by seeking equitable remedies in federal
courts. Toward this end, 28 USC $1362 shall be
amended to provide for a waiver of sovereign inmunity
of the United States in any action commenced
under that section.
Pared 10/28/76
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED: that,
the trust responsibility of the United States is
not limited to protection of treaty rights, but
extends equally to aboriginal rights and other rights
secured by agreement, executive order or statute
enacted by Congress, and to such other lands as the
United States may acquire for the benefit of the
tribes or the tribes may acquire for themselves.
Specifically:
a) Congress should provide that both treaty and
non-treaty rights protected by the trust respon-
sibility shall not be abrogated or in any way
infringed upon unless there exists both consent
of affected tribes and express language of a
statute enacted by Congress.
b) TI it aspect of the trust responsibility extending
to the protection and enhancement of tribal
resources and particularly natural resources
as a paramount responsibility of the United
States involves a duty of care and exclusive¹
loyalty consistent with the highest standards
of common law trust.
c) The United States holds bare legal title to
these resources solely as trustee for Indians,
and full equitable title is in the Indians.
d) In the event of conflict between an Indian
trust right or reasonable claim and a conflicting
federal policy, claim or program, all federal
agencies shall subordinate those conflicting
federal policies, claims and programs to the
protection of Indian trust rights or reasonable
claims unless those rights have been abrogated
as provided above.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED: that,
Congress must amend 25 USC 8175 to provide:
a) that the Department of Justice has a
mandatory duty to represent Indian tribes
and individual Indians in all cases where
there is a reasonable claim that is the
subject of the trust responsibility,
unless the Department has a conflict of
interest, in which case the United States
shall provide funds to pay attorneys' fees
of private counsel selected by the Tribe to
represent its claims.
2
b) In any case where the Department of Justice
declines to represent Indians or Indian tribes
on the ground that there is not reasonable legal
support for the Indian claim, its decision to
decline representation shall be subject to
judicial review. The Department of Justice shall
have the burden of showing that there is no
reasonable legal support for the Indian claims,
and in the event of failure to carry its burden,
the court shall allow reasonable attorneys' fees
to the Indian litigant.
c) In all cases where Indian tribes commence an
action under this section or 28 USC $1362, they
shall be entitled to all the advantages that
would inure to the United States if it were a
party to the case.
3