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Pine Ridge - Economic Development
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Pine Ridge - Economic Development
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Bradley H. Patterson Files (Ford Administration)
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The original documents are located in Box 4, folder "Pine Ridge - Economic Development"
of the Bradley H. Patterson Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 4 of the Bradley H. Patterson Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
LIBRAR
FORD
Happy birthday, America-you're celebrating a ripoff
GERALD
California gold rush - the Forty-Niners
By Gary G. Chandler
get the gold and the Indian gets the shaft.
Have you been to any of your national
parks or wilderness areas lately? They
First of all the term should be "Abori-
used to be some of the best hunting and
gines" not "Indians," but if I were to have
fishing areas we had. Now the government
said that, the majority of you probably
takes in more money the first day a recre-
would not have understood. Even though
ation area opens than the land was pur-
we were named by a group of people that
chased for.
didn't know where the hell they were, let
We could celebrate the thousands of In-
alone who we were, I guess we're stuck
dians that died because of exposure to
with it.
diseases that were brought to our country.
At any rate, the Bureau of Indian Af-
Was this an early method of germ war-
fairs has asked all tribes to participate in
fare?
the Bicentennial. What has happened the
In 1924, all Indians had bestowed upon
them full citizenship. (With, of course,
Gary G. Chandler, who was born and
reservations. Excuse the pun:) Later on
most tribal members were declared
raised on the Crow Indian Reservation in
Oil painting by Patrick Swaze Hinds of the Teseque Pueblo tribe.
Montana, explains that "I am not a full
competent by Congress. Did someone for-
blood but then it's not how much of some-
get to declare Congress competent? Past
thing you are, it's what you believe." He
tween 1794, at the Battle of Fallen Tim-
million over a 15-year period. Sounds like
actions would make one think so. If we are
now lives in Alexandria.
bers, to 1890 in the Battle of Wounded
a lot of money for a bunch of savages,
a competent people why do we need the
Knee, several such incidents are recorded.
huh? To date, over $500 million in gold has
Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Depart-
We could drink a toast to a lot of the rich
been taken out of one mine alone.
ment of Interior to handle our business.
past 200 years to give us cause for cele-
people in the U.S. I speak of the ones who
California was heavily populated with
I'm sure we could have given away most
bration?
have inherited wealth which in the begin-
natives. When gold was discovered there
of our land and rights without their help.
The Washington Star
I guess we could celebrate all the
ning was stolen from the "Indian."
the tribes were either exterminated or run
We might have even made a little on the
treaties you have so faithfully executed.
One such incident involved the Chippe-
off.
deal.
Since the white man first came to our
wa tribe. After rich copper deposits were
As I write this, a similar thing is hap-
Our reservations were to be sovereign
shores, there have been a little more than
found in the Lake Superior region, the U.S.
pening to the Crow and Cheyenne tribes in
nations. We could have our own govern-
300 treaties made between the various
Government forced the Chippewa to cede
Montana. These two tribes are sitting on
ment and run our own lives as long as we
tribes and the United States Government.
about 25,000 square miles of land in that
the largest coal deposits in the country. Do
did it on the reservation:
The first occurred on Sept. 17, 1778, with
particular region. This in turn was sold to
you know who is getting the benefits from
That lasted about as long as the treaties
the Delaware Indians. Before that there
various white people who became wealthy
the coal? You're right, the white man.
did. Due to various laws passed by Con-
Sunday, June 6, 1976
had been several verbal and "trinket"
while the Chippewa became increasingly
Somebody forgot, to inform the Bureau of
gress we not only have the FBI and CIA
agreements. Whether verbal, "trinket" or
Indian Affairs and the Department of In-
breathing down our necks, we now have
written down and passed into law by Con-
poor.
In 1868 the Black Hills were given to the
terior that they are suppósed to help the
the various states, counties, and city gov-
gress, none of the treaties was observed in
Sioux "forever" by a treaty with the U.S.
Indian, not the big white companies.
ernments telling us what we can and can-
good faith by the U.S. Government.
Government. Not long after that, because
We can always count on one thing. When
not do.
We could celebrate the ruthless un-
of the discovery of gold, the government
the cry, "Thar's gold in them thar hills"
Yes America, you may have cause for
provoked attacks by U.S. troops on vil-
sent troops in to protect the whites who
or "We could sure use this land," rang out,
celebrating the past 200 years (what cause
lages that had only women, children and
were trespassing on Sioux land. During
treaty or no treaty the Indian was moved
I don't know) but the American Indian,
the elderly in them. Tactics like My Lai
negotiations for the Black Hills, the U. S.
or paid pennies for what was and is worth
doesn't.
are not new to the American armies. Be-
Government offered to pay the Sioux $6
millions of dollars. It's always like the
Happy Birthday
October 14, 1976
Mr. Brad Patterson
The White House
Washington, DC. 20500
Dear Mr. Patterson:
This is to acknowledge your referral of the Robideau application for a
half-way house project at Rapid City.
At your suggestion, Mr. Dale Wing called Mr. Robideau and discussed the
application he had submitted to the South Dakota Crime Commission.
We have since learned that the Crime Commission voted to reject the
application. The reasons will be stipulated in a letter to Mr. Robideau.
You may be interested in knowing that the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe is
developing a prisoner pre-release program which will contract with the
various state penitentiaries for inmate care while the tribe is providing the
counseling and rehabilitation services for those Indians who are being
parolled, put on probation, or are up for releases. This appears to be a
sounder fiscal arrangement than a project which must rely on discretionary
funding which is intermittent and terminal. Mr. Wing mentioned this project to
Mr. Robideau. He also told Mr. Robideau that his project could not be funded
through the Indian Desk of LEAA since the discretionary funds for tribal action
grants are awarded to Indian tribal governments which perform law enforcement
functions. This would rule out his organization since it is not a tribal government.
Further, Mr. Wing told him that the State has the option to fund his project from
the State's LEAA block grant funds, if the Crime Commission so decides. While
Mr. Robideau was not happy with the developments, we believe he was satisfied
with the information passed on to him regarding the tribal action grant program,
since he said no one explained it all to him.
Sincerely,
Richard W. Velde
Administrator
LIBRARY
For Immediate Release
December 15, 1976
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
Statement by the President
This past summer and fall, several States--primarily in the Midwest--
suffered a severe drought which caused major reductions in the amount
of feed grains produced and available for livestock feeding. Because
our livestock producers had been adversely affected, the Department of
Agriculture took steps to provide drought-stricken farmers with oats from
the Commodity Credit Corporation reserve stocks under its Emergency
Livestock Feed Program. However, the stocks reserved by the Corporation
for emergency livestock feed have now been exhausted and no further orders
for emergency livestock feed are being processed by the Department of
Agriculture.
Because this situation poses an immediate and serious threat to a major
segment of our national livestock industry, I have today directed the Secretary
of Agriculture and the Administrator of the Federal Disaster Assistance
Administration (FDAA) to cooperate in providing emergency livestock feed
assistance payments to protect our threatened livestock. This assistance
program will be administered by USDA and funded by FDAA. This action, which
I am taking today pursuant to my authority under the PL 93-288 - grant
assistance program, will assist livestock producers to make emergency
purchases of feed grains and hay. Initially, this assistance will be provided
to producers in South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin, whose Governors
have already requested the assistance, but it is expected that additional
States where I have declared emergencies during 1976 due to the drought may
become eligible for assistance. As a result of today's action, I am confident
that our threatened livestock will be protected until next summer, when new
grain crops become available.
#
#
#
CERALE FORD CIRRACT
Wayne Duelwond
Box Ear 100 B
SD.57625
605-964-4155
Xb No outb to reflexesh the
outh to buy
supply. FDAA averailable UST feed" Pervi
Trank w-
2
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Goo has asked for
major directe and
leav a well be intron
new week.
Drought connuttee will B 6p
meeting -000
reterdept - & Sa Oqtal
JAMES ABOUREZK
SOUTH DAKOTA
United States Senate
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510
Brad:
unless the Indian farmer can
get feed [hopefully carn] for their
cattle, they will have to sellout.
Indian business in the whab
It will run most of the
The Indian farmer f ranches
will area. be reduced to a welfare state.
The oats have now run out
for Cheyenne River bother reservation
Only fiften days warth of aats are
left situation. in reserve. H is a desperate
Kathryn
Im Lewis
FDAHU
antt
October 7, 1976
4 ORD, GERALD
Allen: Brad Patterson
Gerald R. Ford
President of the United States
SB/ca
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. President:
It is my understanding that the amount of grain available in the Commodity Credit
Corporation reserve for the Emergency Feed Grain Program will be depleted
shortly. Although the 1973 Farm Bill authorized 75 million bushels for this
program, it is my understanding that the Department of Agriculture believes
that it does not have the authority to purchase grain stocks on the open market
for the Emergency Feed Grain Program at this time.
I know that you are aware of the need for this program to assist drought-stricken
farmers to maintain their foundation herds until next Spring.
Therefore, I respectfully request that you use your authority under the Disaster
Relief Act of 1974 to direct the Department of Agriculture to purchase sufficient
grain stocks for the Emergency Livestock Feed Program in all Presidentially
declared disaster counties. Farmers have been led to believe that there would
be at least 75 million bushels of grain In this program as is the intent of the
present law and expect your assistance to see that the present ASCS programs
are fulfilled.
Your Immediate attention to this problem would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,
FORD
James Abourezk
United States Senate
Kathryn Harris de Tyerina
224-1635
Judy 2755
THE PEOPLE OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE ASKED ME TO LEAD
OUR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT INTO AN ERA OF GREAT CHANGE. THE CHANGES
THEY MANDATE INCLUDE ALMOST EVERY FACET OF THE LIVES WE LIVE ON
PINE RIDGE RESERVATION, BUT THEY ARE NOT COMPLEX SOCIAL OR
ECONOMIC CHANGES WHICH TAX THE SKILLS AND CAPABILITIES OF A
PEOPLE LADEN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS ALREADY COMPLICATING
THEIR LIVES - ALTHOUGH THERE WILL BE THESE KINDS OF CHALLENGES
TO CONTEND WITH.
THE CHANGES DEMANDED BY OUR PEOPLE ARE THOSE THAT LEAD US
BACK TO A SINGLE DECENCY: TO TIMES so CHERISHED BY OUR OLDER AND
EVEN MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE, WHEN PEACE AND TRANZQUILITY ON THE
RESERVATION WAS A QUALITY OF LIFE COMMON TO ALL THE PEOPLE. THE
PEOPLE DEMAND NOW THAT OPPORTUNITIES, TO BETTER THEIR OWN LIVES,
BE OFFERED ON THE BASIS OF EQUALITY AND JUSTICE TO MEET THEIR
NEEDS AND DESIRES. THEY DEMAND THAT ALL AREAS OF GOVERNMENT, WHICH
EXIST TO RENDER SERVICES AS THE NEED IS EVIDENT - REGARDLESS OF THE
IDENTITY OF THE PERSON IN NEED.
BASICALLY THEN, THE OGLALA SIOUX PEOPLE ARE DEMANDING NOTHING
MORE THAN THE ABILITY TO PURSUE HAPPINESS AND SATISFACTION IN
THEIR LIVES - WITHOUT THREAT OR PUTDOWN FROM THEIR FELLOW OGLALA
SKOUX CITIZENS.
WE ALL TOO SADLY REALIZE THAT THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION IS
DEPECTED NATIONALLY, AND EVEN INTERNATIONALLY AS A COMMUNITY
GERALD FORD LIDRARY
30
-2-
WHICH DEPRIVES THESE QUALITIES TO A LARGE SEGMENT OF ITS OWN PEOPLE. WE REALIZE
THAT REGARDLESS OF FACTS WHICH WOULD SHOW THE GREAT MAJORITY OF OUR PEOPLE AS
HONORABLE, DECENT AND LAW-ABIDING, OUR IMAGE IS ONE OF A CORRUPTED COMMUNITY, IN
WHICH ALL OF ONE SEGMENT OF OUT SOCIETY, PRACTICES MISTREATMENT AND TYRANNY OVER
THE REMAINING SEGMENT. TO CORRECT THIS PICTURE WILL REQUIRE THE WILLINGNESS OF
EVERY ONE OF OUR OGLALA CITIZENS TO SET ASIDE MISTRUST AND PREJUDICE - IN FAVOR
OF THE BROTHERHODDS THAT MUST PREVAIL IF WE ARE TO CONTINUE TO EXIST AS A TRIBE
ONE NATION WITH LOVE AND CONCERN FOR ALL OUR BROTHERS AND SISTERS.
TO EQUALIZE THE RENDERING OF OPPORTUNITIES IN SUCH AREA AS JOBS, HOUSING,
BUSINESS ENTRY AND SIMILAR WOULD SEEM MUCH MORE DIFFICULT IN CONCEPT; BECAUSE
OPPORTUNITIES HAVE NEVER BEEN EVEN NEARLY ADEQUATE FOR ALL ON THIS RESERVATION
AND TO RENDER TO ONE IN NEED ALMOST CERTAINLY MEANS TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF WHAT
HE HOLDS. BUT WHEN WE SPEAK OF OPPORTUNITY FOR TRIBAL MEMBERS WE DO NOT SPEAK
OF PRIVATE PROPERTY. WE SPEAK OF OPPORTUNITIES AVAILED TO THE PEOPLE BY THEIR
TRIBE OR GOVERNMENT WHICH ARE JUSTIFIED AND ESTABLISHED TO ASSIST THOSE WITH THE
MOST NEED. AND IT IS THIS AREA OF SERVICE THAT THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBAL GOVERN-
MENT MUST RESPOND WITH REAL CONCERN FOR ITS PEOPLE - TO EFFECT THE CHANGES THAT
ARE DEMANDED. so WHILE THIS TALK MAY SEEM MORE DIFFICULT THAN THAT OF AMELIORATING
MISTRUST AND PREJUDICE AMONG OUT PEOPLE, IT IS REALLY MORE SIMPLE TO ACCOMPLISH
BECAUSE IT ONLY REQUIRES POSITIVE ACTION ON THE PART OF A DETERMINED TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT AND ITS LEADERSHIP. THIS, I BELIEVE, IS WHAT THE PEOPLE DEMAND IN
PUTTING TRIBAL LEADERSHIP IN OUR HANDS. IF THERE IS ONE SINGLE ELEMENT EFFECTING
THE QUALITY OF LIVING ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION WHICH IS NOT PRIMARILY IN THE
HANDS OF TRIBAL GOVERNMENT TO CHANGE, IT IS THE SYSTEM OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND
JUSTICE WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO SERVE - NOT DOMINATE - THE COMMUNITY.
-3-
THIS ELEMENT OF TRIBAL LIFE IS NOW CONTROLLED BY THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY AND COURTS
WHICH APPEAR MORE DETERMINED TO CAUSE AND MAINTAIN BREAKDOWN AND FAILURE IN THE
PEACEKEEPING PROCESS, THAN IN SUPPORTING A SELF-DETERMINED TRIBAL GOVERNMENT. WE
CAN CHANGE - WE CAN RESTORE TRIBAL AND COMMUNITY CONTROL OF TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT:
WE CAN UPGRADE OUT TRIBAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM; BUT WE MUST EXERT EVERY PRESSURE AND
INFLUENCE AT OUR COMMAND TO BRING ABOUT A MORE EFFECTIVE ATTITUDE ON THE PART OF
THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT AND THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM. TRIBAL GOVERNMENT MUST NOT
CONTINUE TO BE TREATED AS AN UNWANTED STEPCHILD OF THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM; THE
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT MUST CEASE TO TREAT OUR PEOPLE AS ALIENS IN THEIR OWN LAND AND
THE FBI MIGHT SOME DAY LEARN THAT CRIMINALITY IS AN EXCEPTION TO OUR CULTURE AND
NOT A PART OF IT. THE GREATER TASK YET MIGHT BE TO CONVINCE THE BUREAU OF INDIAN
AFFAIRS THAT THE UPPER ECHELONS OF ITS LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION DOES NOT EXIST AS
A BUREAUCRATIC HAVEN FOR NON-INDIANS WITH LITTLE UNDERSTANDING OF OUR COMMUNITY
NEEDS. IN FACT, ALL THE BUREAU MIGHT LEARN THAT INDIANS DO NOT EXIST FOR THE
PURPOSE OF MAINTAINING THE BIA - BUT THAT THE BIA CAN EXIST ONLY AS IT EFFECTIVELY
SERVES INDIAN PEOPLE.
IN SPEAKING OF THOSE POSITIVE ACTIONS THAT TRIBAL GOVERNMENT CAN AND MUST
TAKE TO BETTER THE QUALITY OF LIVING FOR ITS PEOPLE, RESERVATION DEVELOPMENT, OF
COURSE, IS GENERALLY HELD TO BE THE KEY. WE DO NOT QUARREL WITH THE CONCEPT THAT
INDUSTRIES WHICH CREATE JOBS FOR THE PEOPLE MUST BE SOUGHT AFTER AND DEVELOPED.
THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION HAS SHOWN SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS IN THIS
AREA. WE MUST CONTINUE THIS DEVELOPMENT IN WAYS THAT REACH MORE AND MORE PEOPLE
IN THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF THE RESERVATION.
-4-
BUT WHILE WE CONTINUE THIS EFFORT WE MUST REMIND OURSELVES THAT OUR MOST
VALUABLE AND P CIOUS RESOURCE; OUR LAND - ALL THE LAND WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES
OF OUR RESERVATION NATION, IS THE MOST UNDERUSED FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
OUR PEOPLE, AND THE MOST OVER-EXPLOITED BY THE NON-INDIAN PEOPLE WHOM WE HAVE
PERMITTED TO USE AND GAIN OWNERSHIP OF IT. LANDS OF VAST ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
TO THE TRIBE HAVE BEEN ALIENATED FROM TRIBAL OWNERSHIP. THIS RESOURCE IS
CRUCIAL TO THE TRIBE IF WE ARE SERIOUS AS WE MUST BE ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF
OUR OGLALA NATION. ECONOMICALLY AND MORALLY, THERE CAN BE NO OTHER POLICY OR
DIRECTION THAN TO BEGIN AND SUSTAIN AN AGRESSIVE PROGRAM OF REACQUIRING SIOUX
LANDS WITHIN THE BOUNDARY OF OUR RESERVATION FOR USE BY INDIAN PEOPLE. I MUST
EXPLAIN HERE FOR THE ALARMISTS, THAT THIS IS NOT AN INDIAN MILITANT EFFORT TO
DEPRIVE NON-INDIANS OF WHAT THEY HAVE ACQUIRED ON THE RESERVATION (REGARDLESS
OF THE SORDID, GOVERNMENT-AIDED MEANS WHICH THEY MANY TIMES USED TO ACQUIRE IT,
REGARDLESS OF THE PITIFULLY LOW PRICE THEY FREQUENTLY WERE PERMITTED BY THE
GOVERNMENT TO ACQUIRE IT FOR) THIS IS SIMPLY A HARD-NOSED ECONOMIC DECISION
THAT MUST BE MADE AND CARRIED OUT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE OGLALA SIOUX NATION.
AGAIN, TO MOLLIFY THE ALARMIST; IT WILL BE OUR INTENT TO REACQUIRE THIS LAND IN
THE EXISTING MARKET, PAYING THE PRICE ASKED OR BARGAINING FOR THE BEST DEAL AC-
CORDING TO HONORED AND ACCEPTED PRACTICES. WE SUBMIT THAT IT WOULD BE BENEATH
OUR CODE OF HONOR TO ATTEMPT TO REACQUIRE THE LAND IN THE SAME MANNER THAT IT WAS
TAKEN FROM US. WE MUST SIMPLY RELY ON THE FACT THAT PEOPLE, NOT HAVING THE
STRONG SPIRITUAL ATTACHMENT TO OUR LANDS THAT THE SIOUX HAVE, WILL SOONER OR
LATER PUT IT ON THE MARKET AS THEIR NEED FOR ECONOMIC INTERESTS ARISE. WHEN,
AND AS THIS HAPPENS, WE MUST BE PREPARED TO REACQUIRE OUR LANDS. TOWARD THIS END
WE MUST DEVELOP THESE LAND REACQUISITION PROGRAMS AS A TOP PRIORITY - URGING OUT
CONGRESSMEN AND SENATORS TO EXPAND ON PRESENT INDIAN FINANCING PROGRAMS AND TO
DEVELOP SPECIFIC LEGISLATION TO EXPEDITE THE PROCESS.
-5-
IT MUST BE MENTIONED, THAT ONE IMPORTANT COLLATERAL BENEFIT TO REACQUIRING
INDIAN LANDS WITHIN THE RESERVATION - WILL BE THE DIMINISHMENT OF EFFORTS BY
ANTI-TRIBAL GOVERNMENT FORCES TO COMPEL INDIANS TO ACCEPT STATE JURISDICTION.
THE FORMULA IS VERY SIMPLE; FOR EVERY ACRE OF RESERVATION LAND RETURNED TO INDIAN
OR TRIBAL OWNERSHIP AND TRUST STATUS, THE POSITION OF THE STATE JURISDICTION
FORCES IS WEAKENED. WITH THIS PROCESS OF DIMINISHING THE STATE'S TAX BASE ON
THE RESERVATION, SOON WILL DISAPPEAR THE NON-INDIAN INTEREST FORCING STATE
JURISDICTION ON THE RESERVATION. THIS IS A CHALLENGING ASSIGNMENT FOR TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT, BUT NOTHING COULD BE MORE EXCITING AND SATISFYING TO THE TOTAL INDIAN
COMMUNITY.
MOST OF THE NEWLY ELECTED OFFICERS AND COUNCILMEN GAINED THEIR VOTERS SUP-
PORT BY PROMISING THE RETURN TO CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBAL GOVERNMENT, AND THE RETURN
OF POWER TO THE PEOPLE. THIS CAN ONLY BE MANIFESTED BY PROMPT MOVES BY TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT TO ASSIST THE DISTRICTS TO DEVELOP WORKABLE LOCAL CONTROL OF SERVICES;
AND TO RENDER TO ALL DISTRICTS THEIR RIGHTFUL SHARE OF TRIBAL PROGRAMS AND FUNDING
RESOURCES, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRIBE AND
OTHER LAWS. TOWARD THIS END, THE TRIBAL GOVERNMENT MUST EXTEND OFFICES AND SERVICES
TO THE DISTRICTS AND THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS MUST RESPOND BY REINSTATING THE
BIA DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS WHICH WERE so HEEDLESSLY DISMANTLED BY THE BUREAU IN
THE PAST YEAR.
MUCH HAS BEEN SAID ABOUT THE RELATIONS OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE WITH OUR NON-
INDIAN NEIGHBORS. WE HAVE BEEN DEPICTED AS BURDENSOME TO THE VARIOUS SURROUNDING
COMMUNITIES, AS THREATENING VIOLENCE TO VISTORS ON OUR RESERVATION; AND AS CLEARLY
UNREADY TO MAINTAIN SELF-GOVERNMENT. THOSE NON-INDIANS ON THE RESERVATION, WHO
HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN MAINTAINING A COLONIALISTIC EXISTENCE PRIOR TO THE ERA OF
INDIAN DEMANDS FOR FULL CITIZENSHIP AND CIVIL RIGHTS, HAVE NOW EMERGED AS CITIZENS
DEMANDING THEIR CIVIL LIBERTIES. THIS, AFTER GENERATIONS OF EXPLOITING INDIAN
RESOURCES WITH BOTH OVERT AND TACIT ASSISTANCE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. IN OTHER
-6-
WORDS, WHEN INDIANS ARE ACCORDED EVEN THE MOST ELEMENTARY RIGHTS - THEN THESE
COLONIAL TYPES WANT SUPER-RIGHTS. THE ANSWER TO THESE TYPES IS TO REALLY AC-
CORD THEM ALL THE CIVIL LIBERTIES THEY CAN STAND. WE SHOULD PASS THE NECESSARY
TRIBAL ORDINANCES TO BRING THEM UNDER TRIBAL JURISDICTION; JUST AS THEY MUST
ACCEPT THE JURISDICTION OF ANOTHER SOVEREIGNTY WHERE THEY MIGHT CHOOSE TO RESIDE
AS NON-CITIZENS.
IN OUR DEALINGS WITH OUR NON-INDIAN NEIGHBORS WE HAVE TOO LONG SOUGHT TO BE
TREATED AS EQUALS. THIS HAS BEEN NON-PRODUCTIVE AND HAS USUALLY RESULTED ONLY
IN THE DEMAND THAT WE CONCEDE MORE AND MORE OF OUR HERITAGE, OUR LANDS, RESOURCES
AND SELF RESPECT.
THIS TOO, WE SUBMIT, CAN BE RECTIFIED BY A CHANGE IN ATTITUDE ON OUR PART.
WE SHOULD DEMAND RESPECT BY TREATING OUR NEIGHBORS AS OUR EQUALS. WE WOULD DO
so BY INSISTING ON FULL SERVICE OR VALUE FOR USE OF LANDS AND FULL RECOGNITION
FOR THE CONTRIBUTIONS WE MAKE AS A COMMUNITY.
IN CONCLUDING, I WISH TO STATE THAT I AM GREATLY HONORED TO ACCEPT THE CHAL-
LENGE, AND THE POSITION, DIRECTED TO ME BY THE PEOPLE OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE.
IT IS A GREAT INSPIRATION TO BE DIRECTED TO SERVE THE PEOPLE - IT IS WITH A HUMBLE
APPRECIATION OF OUR GREAT NEEDS THAT I TODAY ACCEPT THE PRESIDENCY OF THE OGLALA
SIOUX TRIBE.
A PROGRAM
FOR
THE PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION
-o-
December 10, 1976
PROPOSAL
To establish a high level Federal agency task force to coordinate the
immediate implementation of a broad range of specific Federal programs on the
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation designed to create both short and long term em-
ployment opportunities and strengthen the economy of the Tribe and thereby eradicate
the root causes of the violence and misery on the Reservation.
The Need
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation ranks high now on the agenda of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs. In addition, because of the national and international
attention that has been focused on the Reservation in recent years, Pine Ridge,
even though it is a small community, can be said also to be on the domestic
agenda of the White House. President Ford's recent meeting with an alleged Chief,
Frank Fools Crow, is illustrative of the fact that Pine Ridge is, indeed, a matter
of national interest and concern.
Much of the discussion of the Pine Ridge Reservation has centered on the
high rate of violent crimes. It should be noted, however, that contrary to the
impression sometimes left by the media, persons knowledgeable of life on the
Reservation agree that these crimes are not connected with political disputes.
Rather, the shootings that do take place on the Reservation seem to be the result
of personal feuds and of the tension created by the misery and the hopeless human
conditions that exist.
The initial response to the Law and Order problem on the Pine Ridge Reserva-
tion has been to consider sending in more police. But when one closely examines
and understands the underlying causes of the violence on the Reservation, it be-
comes evident that an increased police force, by itself, will not solve the problem.
2/
The Pine Ridge Reservation, located in the southwest corner of South Dakota,
is the second largest Indian Reservation in the country. The unemployment rate
on the Reservation, which has a population of over 12,000 people, is over 60.
A study prepared at the request of the Secretary of the Interior found in a report
dated June 24, 1975, that in over one-third of the Indian households on the Pine
Ridge Reservation, no one works. About 40% of those who were employed were found
to be significantly underemployed. In sharp contrast, non-Indians on the Reserva-
tion and in nearby communities enjoy reasonable standards of living. Most Indians
on the Reservation face a life of poverty and dispair with little hope of meaningful
employment.
It is in this context, therefore, that we recommend that instead of relying
solely on increased law enforcement activities to curb the violence on the Re-
servation, we develop and implement immediately a program that reaches the root
causes of violence. What is recommended is a comprehensive Federal effort to put
people on the Reservation to work and to provide them with a basis for improving
their standard of living.
Pine Ridge Development Task Force
GESALA FORD
A broad range of Federal programs could be funded on the Pine Ridge Reservation
to provide immediate job training and employment opportunities for members of the
Oglala Sioux Tribe, to construct needed community facilities on the Reservation
and to broaden the economic base of the Tribe and thereby strengthen the future
economy of the Reservation.
To coordinate the planning and implementation and to accelerate the initiation
of the programs, a high level committment by the Ford Administration is necessary.
It is recommended that the White House direct the Secretaries of Interior, Labor,
Commerce, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture, Transportation and Health
Education and Welfare, the Attorney General and the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget to commit their respective departments to a joint effort
on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
To assure that the commitment is fulfilled and that specific Federal Projects
are expeditiously implemented, it is suggested that a coordinating group be created
chaired by a designee of the Secretary of the Interior and whose members would in-
clude designees of the other departments mentioned above. It is recommended that
the designee of the Oglala Sioux Tribe be a member of this group.
The Task Force should be in existence for not more than one year and should
meet at least once each month to coordinate and supervise the development of the
specific projects. It is suggested that limited staff be made available by the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assist the Task Force in meeting its res-
ponsibilities.
The focus of the mandate of the Task Force will be to coordinate the immediate
implementation of several Federal programs on the Pine Ridge Reservation. It is not
intended to be a study or planning group, but rather an action-oriented group whose
primary responsibility is to assure the initiation of job-oriented programs.
Federal Programs
The first responsibility of the Task Force should be to develop an agenda of
Federal programs to be initiated on the Pine Ridge Reservation and to develop a
specific timetable for the implementation of these programs. These projects should
include the following.
1.
Department of Labor
Putting people to work is the most critical problem on the Reservation.
A
comprehensive effort encompassing all able-bodied people on the Reservation would
help create longterm employment opportunities for these persons and would unquest-
ionably be an investment which would pay off in terms of reduction of the costs
of other Federal programs.
The Department of Labor should, with the cooperation of the Bureau of
Indian Affairs, set up a three-year employment program on the Reservation. An
effort should be made to ensure that all unemployed persons able to work are
registered for employment assistance. The basic funds for the programs should
come from Title III of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act as well
as Title X of the Public Works and Economic Development Act. In addition, the
programs should coordinate the employment aspects of the other programs set forth
below.
2. Department of Commerce - Economic Development Administration
(a) Oglala Sioux Tribe Parks Board
The Tribe has entered into an agreement with the National Parks Service
whereby the Tribe has agreed to allow the Park Service to use certain tribal
lands for the Badlands National Monument in exchange for a position of the entrance
fee that will be charged to the Monument. The fee will be paid over to the Oglala
Sioux Tribe Parks Board which is a development corporation organized by the Tribe
to formulate and develop tourism for the Reservation, particularly in the Badlands
National Monument area. Revenue generated by the fee arrangement will be used by
the Board to develop recreation resources wthin the Reservation. To maximize the
revenue potential of tourism in the MOnument area, the Tribe would like to develop
certain concessions on the Reservation.
Projects designed to increase tourism revenue funded through the Economic
Development Administration under the Public Works and Economic Development Act of
1965 include projects to:
(1) Improve and upgrade the Cedar Pass concessions;
(2) Develop a commercial campground;
(3) Construct a visitors center;
(4) Construct a commercial hotel; and
(5) Develop the site of Wounded Knee
The present building which houses the tribal offices is totally inadequate
to meet the present needs of the Tribe. It is old and does not have sufficient
office space to provide facilities for tribal officials responsible for administer-
ing various tribal programs. Funds should be provided through the Economic Develop-
ment Administration under the Public Works, and Economic Development Act of 1965
to construct a new Tribal Office Building designed to provide offices for most
tribal officials.
3. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(a) Community Facility
A community center is needed on the Pine Ridge Reservation to serve both
community purposes and to supplement the tourism facilities to be developed by
the Parks Board.
Community block grant funds should be used to construct a multipurpose
community facility in Pine Ridge.
(b) Housing
The lack of sufficient decent, safe and sanitary housing on the
Reservation remains a critical problem. Although it is estimated that between
1,500 and 2,000 units must be built to meet the current housing needs, the rate
of construction on the Reservation is between 100 to 200 units per year.
The construction of a substantial number of additional self-help housing
units should be funded for the Pine Ridge Reservation.
4. Department of Agriculture
(a) Land Acquisition Enterprise
The Tribe established in 1959 a Land Acquisition Enterprise for the
purpose of acquiring interests in land within the Pine Ridge Reservation for the
use and improvement of the economic standing of the Tribe. Tribal land has been
pledged to the Enterprise, and land has been purchased for the Enterprise with
Tribal funds with the proceeds of loans of $4 million from the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration. The Enterprise now generates a substantial surplus of income, and
the Tribe has applied for an additional $3 million loan from the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration with which it intends to purchase additional land.
Approval of the $3 million loan from the Farmers Home Administration should
be expedited to enable the Tribe to stabilize its land base through the purchase
of additonal land within the Reservation.
(b) Conversion to Agricultural Production
Most of the Tribe's general income is derived from leasing its land for
grazing purposes. This land generates income of approximately $1.30 per acre.
The amount of income produced by tribal land could be increased substantially if
the land were used instead for agricultural purposes. Some 300,000 acres of
tribal land has been identified as being capable of supporting agricultural pro-
duction, and the Tribe would like to initiate steps to convert its grazing units
into agricultural land. Current and projected world food demand suggests that
this would be a highly profitable enterprise for the Tribe. However, to success-
fully convert its land to agricultural use, technical assistance and financial
assistance will be necessary.
A program to convert grazing land on the Reservation to farm use should be
immediately funded.
5.
Department of Transportation
GERAL FORD
(a) Rural Bus Demonstration Project
Most of the residents of the Reservation live in widely scattered
villages. Since there is no public transporation system on the Reservation,
residents must rely on private vehicles for transportation. Many must pay as
much as $20 to hire a private vehicle to travel to Pine Ridge Village where
tribal and Bureau offices, the hospital and most retail establishments are located.
The Tribe wishes to develop an efficient, though limited, system of bus transporta-
tion on the Reservation to connect the residents of the Reservation's outlying
areas with the essential goods and services and employment opportunities available
at Pine Ridge Village.
The Rural Bus Demonstration Project application that is being submitted
by the Tribe to the Department of Transportation to enable the Tribe to establish
a tribal bus system should be funded.
(b) Secondary Road and Street Improvement
Approximately 25 miles of secondary roads in each district of the
Reservation are in need of improvment. In addition, sidewalks, curbs, gutters
and pavement are needed in Pine Ridge Village.
Road and Street improvement programs should be funded through the Federal
Highway Administration or the Economic Development Administration.
6. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
(a) Intensify and Coordinate Ongoing Education and Indian Health Service
Programs.
For example, the schedule for construction of schools on the Reservation
should be accelerated. General support through the Office of Native American
Programs should be increased.
(b) Home for the Elderly
Funds should be provided to maintain and operate the home for the
elderly on the Pine Ridge Reservation.
(c) Child Day Care Center
A child day care center is needed in Pine Ridge Village. A facility
to provide full-time day care should be built. Since it may be possible to
utilize some of the facilities in the home for the elderly, it is suggested that
the day care center be build in the vicinity of the home for the elderly. In
addition, this would permit contact with the children for those persons in the
home who so desire.
Funds will be needed to construct, maintain and operate the child day
care facility.
7.
Department of Justice - Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Construction of the correctional facility in Pine Ridge and the Police
substations in the various villages should be expedited.
8.
Department of Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs
Existing support programs should be extended and expanded, particularly
support for the project now under way to develop and implement a centralized and
fiscal management system for the Tribe.
Louis:
Enclosed please find :
1. NASC Press Release , 6-25-76. Important because it makes the connection
between Operation BICENT and the false teletypes put out by the FBI
2. Teletype RUEHFB #o136. This teletype allegedly quotes Ken Syares. Has
"Hit" List at end of people who daxnet are not in Oglala area, but who are AIM.
Read carefully. his is the one I especially think you ought to have.
3. Teletype that has hand written Confidential at top. This teletype came out
of the Connecticut State Police, but they attribute the information to a
Spokesman from the BIA!!! The FBI has stated that this docuement MX is totally
unsupported There is no verification of the information. The FBI doesn"t treat it
as a true situation, or so they told Sen Abrouzek (I am told). Appears to be
an ALL Points Bulletin.
4. My old memo to you an short term issues. This material is not all current.
you might find some of it useful. (PLEASE Return, last copy).
My fee doubles after midnight 1
In solidarity
P.S. Call me before you get back to Washington. Ihope you stay so we can
meet with Tim and discuss some things
P.P.S. I've added the following
5. Copy of G. Bears letter to Atty General
hairt Ordert partisin prosecution. 1975, yet
MARY one ANSWER WAGNER was FROM GIVEN Her ACOPY to DATE SEPT. TODAY!
6. MULDROW memo
PLEASE RetuRN Befure
you LeAve TOWN, AS THIS is
my ONLY COPY !
FORD as LIBRARY GERALD
CONSIDENTIAL
AM. CTCSP1700
08:02 06/18/76 00048
08:02 06/18/76 00108 WA
TXT AP.
O CA NO 00025
CONN MESSAGE NO 6085552
TIME 10:54 DATE 06/18/76
FILE 2 GENERAL POLICE INFORMATION
CTCSP1700 S.P.CRIMINAL INTELLIGE
NCE
LIBRARY
TO AP B
FORD
R F.F: AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT/BROWN BERET/STUDENTS FOR DEMOCRATIC
SOCIETY.
A SPOKEMAN FOR THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS STATED THAT THEY, HAD RE-
CEIVED INFORMATION THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM) HAD MADE CONTACT
WITH THE BROWN BERET, A MILITANT CHICANO GROUP IN THE DENVER AREA WITH
THE IDEA OF JOINING FORCES AT LEAST IN INSTANCES BENEFITING BOTH
GROUPS. THE S.D.S. (STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY), IS ALSO RE-
E MERGING AS A MILITANT FORCE AND HAS BEEN IN CONTACT WITH AIM AND THE
BROWN BERET. RUDOLFO (CORKY) GONZALEZ, A LEADER OF THE BROWN BERET,
REPORTEDLY HAS A ROCKET LAUNCHER AND ROCKETS EITHER IN HIS POSSESSION
E ND OF PAGE ONF
R GVAILABLE TO HIM ALONG WITH EXPLOSIVES, HAND GRENADES, AND TEN
TO FIFTEEN M-16 RIFLES WITH BANANA CLIPS. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE GROUP
ARE DISTURBANCE AND TFRRORISM. TH Y ARE REPORTED TO HAVE PLANS TO KILL
A COP A DAY IN EACH STATE. TWO VEHICLES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS BEING
SET UP TO ACCOMPLISH THIS KILLING AND VARIOUS RUSES WILL BE USED TO
LU RE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS INTO AN AMBUSH. FALSE REPORTS OF FAMILY
DISTURBANCES, DRUNKEN DRIVERS, AND OTHER TRAFFIC VIOLATION ARE TO BE
USED. WHEN AN OFFICER ARRIVES ON THE SCENE OF A FAMILY ISTURBANCE OR
S TOPS a reported vehicle. Armed members will cut down the of `icer when he approached.
0025 6-18-26
wg
THE VEHICLES ARE DESCRIBED AS GRAY VAN WITH COLORADO LICENSE PLATES
AC-2086 AND A 1972 FORD ECONOLINE VAN WITH WYOMING PLATES 2915A. ANY
D EPARTMENT HAVING INFORMATION PLFASE CONTACT THE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE:
DIVISION AT TELEPHONE AREA CODE 203-566-2610 OR EXECUTIVE, OFFICER,
COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION AT TELEPHONE 203-566-4240 - TOLL FREE
1 -800-842-0200, AFTER NORMAL BUSINESS HOURS.
END
AUTH SGT. ROBERT .1. ROOT
111-138 VIS2
JUN 18 1976
(65113 EVDEG
6
154512 R 0-10-01-014928
RTTIZYUW RUEHFRA0136
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
PUE VIEG - T - BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
R 1807182 JUN 75
FM DIRECTOR, FRI
TO PJERWJA/DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL
ATTN: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION UNIT
RIERWJA/ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL, CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION
REBWJA/ASSIETANT ATTORNEY GENERAL, CRIMINAL DIVISION
ATTA: INTERNAL SECURITY SECTION
ATTN: GENERAL CRINES SECTION
JEPHGA/RIREAJ OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
RUEHSE/U.S. SECRET SERVICE (PID)
PT
UNCLAS
AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM); PINE PIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION.
ON JUNE 15, 1975, KEN SAYERS, AGENCY SPECIAL OFFICER
(ASO), BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS (BIA), SAID HE YAS IN
RECEIPT OF INFORMATION THAT SEVERAL SMALL GROUPS OF
OUT-OF -STATE INDIVIDUALS KEPE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
PAGE TWO DE RUEHER #0135 UNCLAS
PINE RIDE INDIAN RESERVATION. HE HAD NO SPECIFIC
INFORMATION REGARDING LOCATIONS OR IDENTITIES OF THESE
GROUPS. SAYERS ADVISED SEVERAL WEEKS AGO A NEETING WAS
HELD AT OGLALA, SOUTH DAKOTA, RETWEEN MEMRERS OF THAT
COMMUNITY AND INDIVIDUALS KNOWN TO RE AFFILIATED WITH
AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM. WITH THE CONCURRENCE
OF THE CITIZENS' COMMITTEE OF THAT COMMUNITY AND THE
KNOWLEDGE OF BIA, THESE INDIVIDUALS FORMED A CITIZENS'
COMMITTEE AND SINCE JUNE 9, 1975, HOVE BEEN PATROLLING
THE OGLALA HOUSING APEA WITH THE STATED INTENT TO OUT
DOWN ON TRUANCY AND DEUNKENNESS THAT AREA. UNVERIED
INFORMATION RECEIVED BY SAYERS TO THE EFFECT THESE
AIM MEMBERS HAD MADE COMMENT THAT ANY POLICE OFFICER
CONING INTO OGLALA HOUSING WOULD RE SHOT. ON ONE
OCCASION SINCE JUNE 9, 1976, BIA PATROL UNITS NADE
CONTACT WITH THE CITIZENS' PATPOL COMMITTEE AND HERE
TOLD NOT TO COME INTO THE OGLALA APEA, THEY IERE NOT
WAVTED. SAYERS SAID RIA POLICE UNDER HIS COMPAND ARE
ONLY INFREMENTLY ENTERING THE OGLALA HOUSING AREA AND
WHEN THEY DO ARE ENTERING IN FORCE AND ONLY WHEN
SPECIFICALLY CALLED TO DO so.
PAGE THREE DE PUE HE B #0136 UNCLAS
JOHN STEWART, PPESENTLY IN PROTECTIVE CUSTODY
U.S. MARSHAL'S SERVICE, WAITING TO TESTIFY AT TRIAL,
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, PERTAINING TO MURDER OF TWO FBI AGENTS
ON PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION, PINE RIDGE, SOUTH DAKOTA,
FURNISHED SAME INFORMATION REGARDING CITIZENS' COMMITTEE
PATROLLING THE OGLALA AREA.
ON JINE 16, 1976, DURING INVESTIGATION, FRI
AGNTS LEARNED FROM OGLALA RESIDENT THAT ON JINE 15-16,
1975, THE AROVE - NENTIONED CITIZENS' PATROL GROUP WAS
ACTIVELY FICRUITING RESIDENTS OF OGLALA INTO AIM
IN A HOUSE -TO-HOUSE CONTACT. RESIDENT SAID WORD
WAS OUT THAT THIS SAME CITIZENS' GROUP is TO
CONFISCATE PRIVATELY-OWNED WEAPONS FROM HOMES AND
VEHICLES IN THE NEAR FUTURE. RESIDENT ADVISED FBI
AGENTS THAT AT ALL COSTS THE FAI SHOULD STAY OUT
OF THE OGLALA ARUA FROM JUNE 24 THROUGH 27, 1976,
AS AIM HAS PLANNED A MEMORIAL CELEBRATION FOR THAT
PERIOD IN MEMORY OF JOE STUNTZ, INDIAN KILLED DIRING TIME OF
RESERVATION MIRDER OF THE TWO FRI AGENTS. HE ALSO SAID HF.
FEARS, AS MANY PESIDENTS DO, THERE COULD RE 1063 KILLINGS
PAGE FOUR DE RUEHFB #0136 UNCLAS
AND HE IS MOVING HIS FAMILY FROM THE AREA DURING THE PERIOD
OF THE MEMORIAL.
ALL OF THE AROVE INFORMATION YAS DISCUSSED WITH
KEN SAYE RS WHICH INCLUDED FBI JURISDICTION AND THE
FBI'S LACK OF PROTECTIVE POWERS ON THE RESERVATION.
BIA HAS DIMINISHED ITS PATROLLING ACTIVITIES IN THE OGLALA
AREA.
AMERICAN INDIAN APPARENTLY IN CHARGE OF
AFORE MENTIONED CITIZENS' PATROL GROUP IS WALLACE
LITTLE, JR., AKA JUNE LITTLE, WHO RECENTLY SUPPERED
THE LOSS OF A HAND AND AN EYE WHILE EXPERINENTING
WITH EXPLOSIVES AND IS KNOWN MILITANT NEMBER OF
AIM AT PINE RIDG. OTHER MEMBERS OF THIS SAME
GROUP IDENTIFIED AS CHARLES LONG SOLDIER, EDGAR
BEAR RIMER, FRANK STEPPENWOLF, AND SAM LOUD HAWK,
ALL KNOWN MEMBERS OF AIM. AT PINE PIDGE.
BT
#2135
NNVN
A program. for the fine Ridge Indian Reservation
December 10, 1976
PROPOSAL
To establish a high level Federal agency task force to coordinate the
immediate implementation of a broad range of specific Federal programs on the
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation designed to create both short and long term em-
ployment opportunities and strengthen the economy of the Tribe and thereby eradicate
the root causes of the violence and misery on the Reservation.
The Need
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation ranks high now on the agenda of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs. In addition, because of the national and international
attention that has been focused on the Reservation in recent years, Pine Ridge,
even though it is a small community, can be said also to be on the domestic
agenda of the White House. President Ford's recent meeting with an alleged Chief,
Frank Fools Crow, is illustrative of the fact that Pine Ridge is, indeed, a matter
of national interest and concern.
Much of the discussion of the Pine Ridge Reservation has centered on the
high rate of violent crimes. It should be noted, however, that contrary to the
impression sometimes left by the media, persons knowledgeable of life on the
Reservation agree that these crimes are not connected with political disputes.
Rather, the shootings that do take place on the Reservation seem to be the result
of personal feuds and of the tension created by the misery and the hopeless human
conditions that exist.
The initial response to the Law and Order problem on the Pine Ridge Reserva-
tion has been to consider sending in more police. But when one closely examines
and understands the underlying causes of the violence on the Reservation, it be-
comes evident that an increased police force, by itself, will not solve the problem.
FORD (TREST)
The Pine Ridge Reservation, located in the southwest corner of South Dakota,
is the second largest Indian Reservation in the country. The unemployment rate
on the Reservation, which has a population of over 12,000 people, is over 60.
A study prepared at the request of the Secretary of the Interior found in a report
dated June 24, 1975, that in over one-third of the Indian households on the Pine
Ridge Reservation, no one works. About 40% of those who were employed were found
to be significantly underemployed. In sharp contrast, non-Indians on the Reserva-
tion and in nearby communities enjoy reasonable standards of living. Most Indians
on the Reservation face a life of poverty and dispair with little hope of meaningful
employment.
It is in this context, therefore, that we recommend that instead of relying
solely on increased law enforcement activities to curb the violence on the Re-
servation, we develop and implement immediately a program that reaches the root
causes of violence. What is recommended is a comprehensive Federal effort to put
people on the Reservation to work and to provide them with a basis for improving
their standard of living.
Pine Ridge Development Task Force
A broad range of Federal programs could be funded on the Pine Ridge Reservation
to provide immediate job training and employment opportunities for members of the
Oglala Sioux Tribe, to construct needed community facilities on the Reservation
and to broaden the economic base of the Tribe and thereby strengthen the future
economy of the Reservation.
To coordinate the planning and implementation and to accelerate the initiation
of the programs, a high level committment by the Ford Administration is necessary.
It is recommended that the White House direct the Secretaries of Interior, Labor,
Commerce, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture, Transportation and Health
Education and Welfare, the Attorney General and the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget to commit their respective departments to a joint effort
on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
To assure that the commitment is fulfilled and that specific Federal Projects
are expeditiously implemented, it is suggested that a coordinating group be created
chaired by a designee of the Secretary of the Interior and whose members would in-
clude designees of the other departments mentioned above. It is recommended that
the designee of the Oglala Sioux Tribe be a member of this group.
The Task Force should be in existence for not more than one year and should
meet at least once each month to coordinate and supervise the development of the
specific projects. It is suggested that limited staff be made available by the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assist the Task Force in meeting its res-
ponsibilities.
The focus of the mandate of the Task Force will be to coordinate the immediate
implementation of several Federal programs on the Pine Ridge Reservation. It is not
intended to be a study or planning group, but rather an action-oriented group whose
primary responsibility is to assure the initiation of job-oriented programs.
Federal Programs
The first responsibility of the Task Force should be to develop an agenda of
Federal programs to be initiated on the Pine Ridge Reservation and to develop a
specific timetable for the implementation of these programs. These projects should
include the following.
1.
Department of Labor
Putting people to work is the most critical problem on the Reservation.
A
comprehensive effort encompassing all able-bodied people on the Reservation would
help create longterm employment opportunities for these persons and would unquest-
ionably be an investment which would pay off in terms of reduction of the costs
of other Federal programs.
The Department of Labor should, with the cooperation of the Bureau of
Indian Affairs, set up a three-year employment program on the Reservation. An
effort should be made to ensure that all unemployed persons able to work are
registered for employment assistance. The basic funds for the programs should
come from Title III of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act as well
as Title X of the Public Works and Economic Development Act. In addition, the
programs should coordinate the employment aspects of the other programs set forth
below.
2. Department of Commerce - Economic Development Administration
(a) Oglala Sioux Tribe Parks Board
The Tribe has entered into an agreement with the National Parks Service
whereby the Tribe has agreed to allow the Park Service to use certain tribal
lands for the Badlands National Monument in exchange for a position of the entrance
fee that will be charged to the Monument. The fee will be paid over to the Oglala
Sioux Tribe Parks Board which is a development corporation organized by the Tribe
to formulate and develop tourism for the Reservation, particularly in the Badlands
National Monument area. Revenue generated by the fee arrangement will be used by
the Board to develop recreation resources wthin the Reservation. To maximize the
revenue potential of tourism in the MOnument area, the Tribe would like to develop
certain concessions on the Reservation.
Projects designed to increase tourism revenue funded through the Economic
Development Administration under the Public Works and Economic Development Act of
1965 include projects to:
(1) Improve and upgrade the Cedar Pass concessions;
(2) Develop a commercial campground;
(3) Construct a visitors center;
(4) Construct a commercial hotel; and
(5) Develop the site of Wounded Knee
The present building which houses the tribal offices is totally inadequate
to meet the present needs of the Tribe. It is old and does not have sufficient
office space to provide facilities for tribal officials responsible for administer-
ing various trital programs. Funds should be provided through the Economic Develop-
ment Administration under the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965
to construct a new Tribal Office Building designed to provide offices for most
tribal officials.
3. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(a) Community Facility
A community center is needed on the Pine Ridge Reservation to serve both
community purposes and to supplement the tourism facilities to be developed by
the Parks Board.
Community block grant funds should be used to construct a multipurpose
community facility in Pine Ridge.
(b) Housing
The lack of sufficient decent, safe and sanitary housing on the
Reservation remains a critical problem. Although it is estimated that between
1,500 and 2,000 units must be built to meet the current housing needs, the rate
of construction on the Reservation is between 100 to 200 units per year.
The construction of a substantial number of additional self-help housing
units should be funded for the Pine Ridge Reservation.
4. Department of Agriculture
(a) Land Acquisition Enterprise
The Tribe established in 1959 a Land Acquisition Enterprise for the
purpose of acquiring interests in land within the Pine Ridge Reservation for the
use and improvement of the economic standing of the Tribe. Tribal land has been
pledged to the Enterprise, and land has been purchased for the Enterprise with
Tribal funds with the proceeds of loans of $4 million from the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration. The Enterprise now generates a substantial surplus of income, and
the Tribe has applied for an additional $3 million loan from the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration with which it intends to purchase additional land.
Approval of the $3 million loan from the Farmers Home Administration should
be expedited to enable the Tribe to stabilize its land base through the purchase
of additonal land within the Reservation.
(b) Conversion to Agricultural Production
Most of the Tribe's general income is derived from leasing its land for
grazing purposes. This land generates income of approximately $1.30 per acre.
The amount of income produced by tribal land could be increased substantially if
the land were used instead for agricultural purposes. Some 300,000 acres of
tribal land has been identified as being capable of supporting agricultural pro-
duction, and the Tribe would like to initiate steps to convert its grazing units
into agricultural land. Current and projected world food demand suggests that
this would be a highly profitable enterprise for the Tribe. However, to success-
fully convert its land to agricultural use, technical assistance and financial
assistance will be necessary.
A program to convert grazing land on the Reservation to farm use should be
immediately funded.
5.
Department of Transportation
(a) Rural Bus Demonstration Project
Most of the residents of the Reservation live in widely scattered
villages. Since there is no public transporation system on the Reservation,
residents must rely on private vehicles for transportation. Many must pay as
much as $20 to hire a private vehicle to travel to Pine Ridge Village where
tribal and Bureau offices, the hospital and most retail establishments are located.
The Tribe wishes to develop an efficient, though limited, system of bus transporta-
tion on the Reservation to connect the residents of the Reservation's outlying
areas with the essential goods and services and employment opportunities available
at Pine Ridge Village.
The Rural Bus Demonstration Project application that is being submitted
by the Tribe to the Department of Transportation to enable the Tribe to establish
a tribal bus system should be funded.
(b) Secondary Road and Street Improvement
Approximately 25 miles of secondary roads in each district of the
Reservation are in need of improvment. In addition, sidewalks, curbs, gutters
and pavement are needed in Pine Ridge Village.
Road and Street improvement programs should be funded through the Federal
Highway Administration or the Economic Development Administration
6. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
(a) Intensify and Coordinate Ongoing Education and Indian Health Service
Programs.
For example, the schedule for construction of schools on the Reservation
should be accelerated. General support through the Office of Native American
Programs should be increased.
(b) Home for the Elderly
Funds should be provided to maintain and operate the home for the
elderly on the Pine Ridge Reservation.
(c) Child Day Care Center
A child day care center is needed in Pine Ridge Village. A facility
to provide full-time day care should be built. Since it may be possible to
utilize some of the facilities in the home for the elderly, it is suggested that
the day care center be build in the vicinity of the home for the elderly. In
addition, this would permit contact with the children for those persons in the
home who so desire.
Funds will be needed to construct, maintain and operate the child day
care facility.
7.
Department of Justice - Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Construction of the correctional facility in Pine Ridge and the Police
substations in the various villages should be expedited.
8.
Department of Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs
Existing support programs should be extended and expanded, particularly
support for the project now under way to develop and implement a centralized and
fiscal management system for the Tribe.
Smou Meetry a/8
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
WT
Upgrade law
activities. Halda peopler election
Better opportunites
action Better pay leaves r
unforms Decenteabsed for patter LE actualy
additoral pudse, carry
moua urual barer
New jail toles built
LEfundi we and by 1502
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
We did have a far
election Looking for a
Have a good active worn
who freaued recourement
Pett Nearwak loaking
Indear Self Determedies at
of treter Mover to without
Maras Economy Development
necess ending aumosities
within the Take
lawer seeded THE WHITE HOUSE tabe
WASHINGTON
acquired
1,066, ooe any
4/20, 000, off
65% foruland
1083 was 640 over of each
35 W graduave
48.5 carabing wer
of 1600 ans
earl
1100 agreemence uargued his
+
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dock- Could - the Tribe
caustitutionally maker
enforce all ordinance
probibiting Indian allattees tedians
from selling to rear ?
Non
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
The critical problem on land sales
on any Receivation is the internal
political problem. The Tribal leaders
may not want the sales to take place,
but their constituents will want to sell
Do egb money. - Over the long hand,
the answer is for the Tribe to lewe the
money for punchaser. The Fameer bome
adm. has e program which the Time
has used, We have Gorrawed 44 million
and all in the process of bonoring another
$3 million.
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
GOVERNMENTAL & ECONOMIC CENTRALIZATION
A new Tribal Government facility should be developed to
better serve the entire reservation population governmentally
and economically.
The present location of Pine Ridge as the seat of tribal
government negates many aspects of reservation development.
-
The present seat feeds off the Nebraska trade centers
and drains capital flow from the reservation.
-
Eighty percent of all reservation job opportunities
are centered around Pine Ridge and realistically
available to only about 20% of the reservation pop-
ulation.
-
Eighty percent of all salary is immediately spent, or
banked and then spent, in Nebraska (all money spent
on the reservation is banked off the reservation).
-
There is practically no second, third, or fourth
turnover of money on the reservation (as occurs in
Nebraska, or other off-reservation communities)
A centralized trade location will move the money inward
and encourage its use and re-use on the reservation. Private
business development will encourage local expenditure in all res-
ervation communities and will pay for additional jobs for more and
more local expenditures.
EXAMPLE:
New community - Tribal government = 75 jobs
"
"
- Business
= 35 jobs
"
"
- Gov't Services
= 20 jobs
130 jobs
This, based on informal finger counting, should stand up
fairly well in comparison with the similar businesses established
and operating.
The construction of such a new governmental community with
the surrounding business development can utilize 200 to 300 persons
for more than a year, if including the government trade facilities
FORD
GOVERNMENTAL & ECONOMIC CENTRALIZATION - 2
in all the major communities of the reservation.
All district headquarters communities need local government
centers and business facilities (mini-malls).
The Oglala Sioux people badly need a tribal symbol of res-
ervation pride and identification. Like Brazilia, the Oglala
people need a new tribal government community developed to foster
a sense of progress and development.
Dry forming V arese fear formy
How leases at 91.40 you acr. (apborn 80)
Income from insteal unigation of forming hanog
will 4 7-10-fald from
cauld G 30 times as wait.
aug farming $100 for arreated farms
Forma lead for - 8r 30 public for
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
LANDS REACQUISITION
The reacquisition of all alienated Indian lands within
the exterior boundaries of the Pine Ridge Reservation would
include 1,066,000 acres at the current market value of approx-
imately $120 million.
-
At current productivity, 640 acres of farming land
can support a family of five, once placed in oper-
ation.
-
At current productivity, 7,680 acres of grazing land
can support a family of five, once placed in oper-
ation.
-
Alienated land is 65% farmland, amounting to 692,900
acres. This should be equivalent to 1,083 farming
units of 640 acres each, or 1,083 farm management
jobs potential.
-
Alienated land is 35% grassland, amounting to 373,000
acres. This should be equivalent to 48.58 ranching
units or 7,680 each, or 49 ranching management jobs.
The solid potential then is for more than 1,100 agribus-
iness management jobs, with more than 2,000 potential submanagement
jobs.
This does not count the private sector agribusiness jobs
that can become available or be developed concurrent with the
other development of the private sector on the reservation.
It is proposed that a twenty-year plan be developed for
Indian land reacquisition for the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
The politically-beneficial effect to this program would be
the diminishment of the State's jurisdiction drive -- to further
alienate Indian lands for eventual termination of trust relation-
ship between the Federal government and Indian tribes.
Mary allattes are selling this Careds consemation TO non Jushne
regalations r then because then charr of BIA, ten strugard New reg TP-8 head
for angual non Rective can make more mony
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Law enforcement should ideally be controlled in the local
community being served, whether on a community, district, or res-
ervation basis.
It is proposed that some $500,000 of the present law
enforcement budget be utilized to develop an overall tribal
reservation basis. Each district will select policemen for
employment and be able to dictate the termination of policemen's
services if performance or conduct is not satisfactory.
The BIA will use the remainder of the budget to maintain a
mobile police force similar in function and performance ability
to state patrol forces. This force will serve the village of
Pine Ridge and will also patrol all reservation main roads in
a pattern making them available to reinforce local district
policemen when needed.
The tribe will also contract to maintain all detention
facilities and communications.
It is anticipated that the Law Enforcement Assistance Admin-
istration (LEAA) will be needed to initially equip the tribal
forces with cruisers, communications and other equipment, and
paraphenalia.
FORD (IBRARY
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
TRANSPORTATION
Transportation development on the Pine Ridge Reservation
has heretofore meant generally developing the necessary surface
arterials needed to serve the reservation and its economic growth
at a schedule about ten years behind other county and state
entities of similar need.
A change of priority will be necessary only in making a
new governmental center optimally accessible to all areas of the
reservation. This will include 45 miles of road not previously
planned for, at a probable cost of $2,700,000.
Pine Ridge has the first class runway (concrete surface
of 5,400 and 3,600 ft. lengths) needed to accomodate commuter
and air taxi planes up to the size of a business jet. However,
there are no locally based planes nor service facilities avail-
able. FAA approved facilities must be developed, both to provide
a vital transportation link with regional airports at Rapid City,
Pierre, South Dakota, and Chadron, Nebraska.
In addition, ther is a need for air ambulance service and
air freighting services.
To complement the developed airport at Pine Ridge, stabilized
turf airstrips should be built at or near the district communities
on the reservation.
FORD
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
We have had the cart before the horse these many years in
attempting to develop industry on the Pine Ridge Reservation as
a means of bettering the lives of our people. We have brought
in a number of industries, putting people on payrolls to receive
money which they promptly spend off the reservation because we
lacked the private business sector to use and hold the money on
the reservation.
By and large, we have been content to permit the original
non-Indian entrepreneur to continue to dominate this area of the
economy. The non-Indian entrepreneurs, their families, and non-
Indian friends and relatives have also held the majority of the
jobs in this area of the economy. The same has largely been true
in the farming and agribusiness areas.
By aggressively entering their area of economic develop-
ment, developing new businesses on the reservation, and gaining
Indian ownership of these businesses, we can move to develop
and stabilize our overall economy. This means more jobs for
the people now jobless or underemployed. It means that money
stays in the community longer to pay for additional jobs.
When we have developed conditions for the local economy to
grow, then we have better conditions for real, not transient,
industrialization. Furthermore, it will take place in the dis-
tricts where there has been little exposure to full true employ-
ment opportunities.
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
HOUS ING
Considering that minimal housing needs are less than 50%
met at this time, continual amelioration of the need will be an
important part of the new Tribal government community. Both
low rent and home ownership types of projects should be incorp-
orated; but the latter would take on more importance as these
would appeal to the sense of responsibility we are seeking to
foster in creating both permanent job situations and the perm-
anent job holder to fill the jobs.
While designing homes toward an attractive model community,
social and pride in ownership factors must also be addressed
Low rent homes should be as attractive and desireable as the
owned home. Disadvantages of the "cluster" low rent HUD homes
should be designed out with more land space and sense of privacy
designed in. This can be accomplished mostly by using one to
two acres ranchettes with all homes permanently fenced. This
would encourage the private utilization of the surrounding space
for gardens, horses, poultry raising, fruit trees, etc.
Homes that become the pride of the owners or users also
become respected by others. When this catches on, then emulation
and competition develops. This becomes the corner stone of the
real stable community.
Then, of course, it takes a job or stable source of income
to maintain the home -- another direction toward a desireable end.
Can waive HUD its some they on the
lesit)
THE PINE RIDGE REDEVELOPMENT PLAN
SUMMARY
In the final analysis we do not believe that the growing
population of the Oglala Sioux Tribe will be amenable to con-
sider options other than reservation life until the tribal
resource is fully available to tribal members and used by them.
By that time, through the process of education and in-
dividual growth, plus the element of satisfaction gained through
tribal participation, our people will have acquired the basis for
exercising true options: To leave for better opportunities, or
to stay and compete for what is available.
When this happens, the Federal Government will have no
need for relocation programs to cities and urban areas; or for
other designs to ger Indians into the "mainstream."
Boeseton consument
Trinkler Schools
Solid West Depend
from cartos
List of Attendees
Meeting Regarding Pine Ridge Reservation
June 8, 1976
Room 308, Old Executive Office Building
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Mr. Albert W. Trimble, President
Mr. Frank S. Starr, Secretary
Mr. Henry Gayton, Bureau of Indian Affairs Acting Superintendent
Mr. Robert L. Halverson, Bureau of Indian Affairs Planner
Mr. David L. Varmette, Bureau of Indian Affairs Planner
Chief Frank Fools Crow
Mr. Matthew King, Interpreter
Mr. Severt Young Bear, Councilman
Mr. James Red Willow, Councilman
Mr. Lyman Red Cloud, Councilman
-
Mr. Marvin Ghost Bear, Councilman
Mr. Vincent Brewer, Councilman
Mr. Melvin Cummings, Councilman
Mr. Edwin Fills The Pipe, Councilman
Mr. Herman Lavern Little Hawk, Councilman
Mr. G. Wayne Tapio, Councilman
White House
The Honorable Theodore C. Marrs
Special Assistant to the President
For Human Resources
Mrs. Barbara Greene Kilberg
Associate Counsel
Mr. Howard G. Borgstrom
Office of Management and Budget
FORD
Ms. Sue Kemnitzer
Office of Management and Budget
Mrs. Janet Brown
Assistant to the Deputy Director
The Domestic Council
Mrs. Velma H. Shelton
Assistant to Dr. Marrs
Department of Commerce
Mr. Ray Tanner
Special Assistant for Indian Affairs
Mr. Neil Daniels
Deputy Special Assistant for Indian Affairs
- 2 -
Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Mr. George Clark
Deputy Director
Office of Native American Programs
Mr. Joe Exendine
Acting Deputy Director
Indian Health Service
Mr. Clyde Mathews, Liaison Officer
Office of Governmental Relations
Office of Civil Rights
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Mr. Reaves F. Nahwoosky
Coordinator, Indian Program
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity
Mrs. Constance B. Newman
Assistant to the Secretary for
Consumer Affairs and Regulatory Functions
Department of Interior
The Honorable Morris Thompson
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, BIA
Mr. Theodore Krenzke
Director, Office of Indian Services, BIA
Mr. Leroy Clifford
Mr. Ron Peake
Department of Justice
Ms. Mary Wagner
Special Assistant to the Deputy Attorney General
Mr. Dale Wing
GERALD
Office of the Administrator
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Small Business Administration
Mr. Joseph J. Luna
Deputy Associate Administrator
for Minority Small Business
Mr. Richard Philbin
- 3 -
Department of Transportation
Mr. Robert J. Coates
American Indian National Bank
Mr. Charles Swallow
Executive Vice President
National Congress of American Indians
Mr. Charles Trimble
Executive Director
American Arbitration Association
Mr. Thomas R. Colosi
Vice President, National Affairs
Mr. Howard Rowley
Counsel for the Oglala Sioux Tribe
Mr. Richard Schifter, and
Mr. William Sudow
Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriever & Kampelman
600 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20015
Photographer
Mrs. Nour Runa Hzyan
N.E. W.S. Photo
902 National Press Building
Washington, D. C. 20045
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 8, 1976
Room 308, Old Executive Office Building
MEETING ON PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION
Sponsored by the Office of Public Liaison
In Cooperation With
The National Congress of American Indians
10:00 a.m.
Opening Remarks
Theodore C. Marrs
Special Assistant to the President
for Human Resources
Economic and Social Conditions -
Review and Current Status
Albert W. Trimble, President
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Scope and Size of Federal Role;
Special Studies and Task Force
Recommendations
Theodore Krenzke
Director, Office of Indian Services
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Department of Interior
Oglala Sioux Tribal Plan -
Tribal Responsibility; Economic
Development; Priorities
Albert W. Trimble, President
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Development of Agri-business Richard Schifter
Counsel to Oglala Sioux Tribe
Tribal Expectations
Albert W. Trimble, President
Oglala Sioux Tribe
BIA Recommendations
Morris Thompson
Commissioner of Indian Affairs
Department of Interior
Response
Albert W. Trimble, President
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Lunch -
LIBRARY
FORD
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OFF Jan 1963
THE PEOPLE OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE ASKED ME TO LEAD
OUR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT INTO AN ERA OF GREAT CHANGE. THE CHANGES
THEY MANDATE INCLUDE ALMOST EVERY FACET OF THE LIVES WE LIVE ON
PINE RIDGE RESERVATION, BUT THEY ARE NOT COMPLEX SOCIAL OR
ECONOMIC CHANGES WHICH TAX THE SKILLS AND CAPABILITIES OF A
PEOPLE LADEN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS ALREADY COMPLICATING
THEIR LIVES - ALTHOUGH THERE WILL BE THESE KINDS OF CHALLENGES
TO CONTEND WITH.
THE CHANGES DEMANDED BY OUR PEOPLE ARE THOSE THAT LEAD US
BACK TO A SINGLE DECENCY: TO TIMES so CHERISHED BY OUR OLDER AND
EVEN MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE, WHEN PEACE AND TRANZQUILITY ON THE
RESERVATION WAS A QUALITY OF LIFE COMMON TO ALL THE PEOPLE. THE
PEOPLE DEMAND NOW THAT OPPORTUNITIES, TO BETTER THEIR OWN LIVES,
BE OFFERED ON THE BASIS OF EQUALITY AND JUSTICE TO MEET THEIR
NEEDS AND DESIRES. THEY DEMAND THAT ALL AREAS OF GOVERNMENT, WHICH
EXIST TO RENDER SERVICES AS THE NEED IS EVIDENT - REGARDLESS OF THE
IDENTITY OF THE PERSON IN NEED.
BASICALLY THEN, THE OGLALA SIOUX PEOPLE ARE DEMANDING NOTHING
MORE THAN THE ABILITY TO PURSUE HAPPINESS AND SATISFACTION IN
THEIR LIVES - WITHOUT THREAT OR PUTDOWN FROM THEIR FELLOW OGLALA
SKOUX CITIZENS.
WE ALL TOO SADLY REALIZE THAT THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION IS
DEPECTED NATIONALLY, AND EVEN INTERNATIONALLY AS A COMMUNITY
GERALD
-2-
WHICH DEPRIVES THESE QUALITIES TO A LARGE SEGMENT OF ITS OWN PEOPLE. WE REALIZE
THAT REGARDLESS OF FACTS WHICH WOULD SHOW THE GREAT MAJORITY OF OUR PEOPLE AS
HONORABLE, DECENT AND LAW-ABIDING, OUR IMAGE IS ONE OF A CORRUPTED COMMUNITY, IN
WHICH ALL OF ONE SEGMENT OF OUT SOCIETY, PRACTICES MISTREATMENT AND TYRANNY OVER
THE REMAINING SEGMENT. TO CORRECT THIS PICTURE WILL REQUIRE THE WILLINGNESS OF
EVERY ONE OF OUR OGLALA CITIZENS TO SET ASIDE MISTRUST AND PREJUDICE - IN FAVOR
OF THE BROTHERHODDS THAT MUST PREVAIL IF WE ARE TO CONTINUE TO EXIST AS A TRIBE
ONE NATION WITH LOVE AND CONCERN FOR ALL OUR BROTHERS AND SISTERS.
TO EQUALIZE THE RENDERING OF OPPORTUNITIES IN SUCH AREA AS JOBS, HOUSING,
BUSINESS ENTRY AND SIMILAR WOULD SEEM MUCH MORE DIFFICULT IN CONCEPT; BECAUSE
OPPORTUNITIES HAVE NEVER BEEN EVEN NEARLY ADEQUATE FOR ALL ON THIS RESERVATION
AND TO RENDER TO ONE IN NEED ALMOST CERTAINLY MEANS TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF WHAT
HE HOLDS. BUT WHEN WE SPEAK OF OPPORTUNITY FOR TRIBAL MEMBERS WE DO NOT SPEAK
OF PRIVATE PROPERTY. WE SPEAK OF OPPORTUNITIES AVAILED TO THE PEOPLE BY THEIR
TRIBE OR GOVERNMENT WHICH ARE JUSTIFIED AND ESTABLISHED TO ASSIST THOSE WITH THE
MOST NEED. AND IT IS THIS AREA OF SERVICE THAT THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBAL GOVERN-
MENT MUST RESPOND WITH REAL CONCERN FOR ITS PEOPLE - TO EFFECT THE CHANGES THAT
ARE DEMANDED. SO WHILE THIS TALK MAY SEEM MORE DIFFICULT THAN THAT OF AMELIORATING
MISTRUST AND PREJUDICE AMONG OUT PEOPLE, IT IS REALLY MORE SIMPLE TO ACCOMPLISH
BECAUSE IT ONLY REQUIRES POSITIVE ACTION ON THE PART OF A DETERMINED TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT AND ITS LEADERSHIP. THIS, I BELIEVE, IS WHAT THE PEOPLE DEMAND IN
PUTTING TRIBAL LEADERSHIP IN OUR HANDS. IF THERE IS ONE SINGLE ELEMENT EFFECTING
THE QUALITY OF LIVING ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION WHICH IS NOT PRIMARILY IN THE
HANDS OF TRIBAL GOVERNMENT TO CHANGE, IT IS THE SYSTEM OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND
JUSTICE WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO SERVE - NOT DOMINATE - THE COMMUNITY.
FORD
-3-
THIS ELEMENT OF TRIBAL LIFE IS NOW CONTROLLED BY THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY AND COURTS
WHICH APPEAR MORE DETERMINED TO CAUSE AND MAINTAIN BREAKDOWN AND FAILURE IN THE
PEACEKEEPING PROCESS, THAN IN SUPPORTING A SELF-DETERMINED TRIBAL GOVERNMENT. WE
CAN CHANGE - WE CAN RESTORE TRIBAL AND COMMUNITY CONTROL OF TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT:
WE CAN UPGRADE OUT TRIBAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM; BUT WE MUST EXERT EVERY PRESSURE AND
INFLUENCE AT OUR COMMAND TO BRING ABOUT A MORE EFFECTIVE ATTITUDE ON THE PART OF
THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT AND THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM. TRIBAL GOVERNMENT MUST NOT
CONTINUE TO BE TREATED AS AN UNWANTED STEPCHILD OF THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM; THE
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT MUST CEASE TO TREAT OUR PEOPLE AS ALIENS IN THEIR OWN LAND AND
THE FBI MIGHT SOME DAY LEARN THAT CRIMINALITY IS AN EXCEPTION TO OUR CULTURE AND
NOT A PART OF IT. THE GREATER TASK YET MIGHT BE TO CONVINCE THE BUREAU OF INDIAN
AFFAIRS THAT THE UPPER ECHELONS OF ITS LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION DOES NOT EXIST AS
A BUREAUCRATIC HAVEN FOR NON-INDIANS WITH LITTLE UNDERSTANDING OF OUR COMMUNITY
NEEDS. IN FACT, ALL THE BUREAU MIGHT LEARN THAT INDIANS DO NOT EXIST FOR THE
PURPOSE OF MAINTAINING THE BIA - BUT THAT THE BIA CAN EXIST ONLY AS IT EFFECTIVELY
SERVES INDIAN PEOPLE.
IN SPEAKING OF THOSE POSITIVE ACTIONS THAT TRIBAL GOVERNMENT CAN AND MUST
TAKE TO BETTER THE QUALITY OF LIVING FOR ITS PEOPLE, RESERVATION DEVELOPMENT, OF
COURSE, IS GENERALLY HELD TO BE THE KEY. WE DO NOT QUARREL WITH THE CONCEPT THAT
INDUSTRIES WHICH CREATE JOBS FOR THE PEOPLE MUST BE SOUGHT AFTER AND DEVELOPED.
THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION HAS SHOWN SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS IN THIS
AREA. WE MUST CONTINUE THIS DEVELOPMENT IN WAYS THAT REACH MORE AND MORE PEOPLE
IN THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF THE RESERVATION.
-4-
BUT WHILE WE CONTINUE THIS EFFORT WE MUST REMIND OURSELVES THAT OUR MOST
60-40
VALUABLE AND CIOUS RESOURCE; OUR LAND - ALL THE LAND WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES
OF OUR RESERVATION NATION, IS THE MOST UNDERUSED FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
OUR PEOPLE, AND THE MOST OVER-EXPLOITED BY THE NON-INDIAN PEOPLE WHOM WE HAVE
PERMITTED TO USE AND GAIN OWNERSHIP OF IT. LANDS OF VAST ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
TO THE TRIBE HAVE BEEN ALIENATED FROM TRIBAL OWNERSHIP. THIS RESOURCE IS
CRUCIAL TO THE TRIBE IF WE ARE SERIOUS AS WE MUST BE ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF
OUR OGLALA NATION. ECONOMICALLY AND MORALLY, THERE CAN BE NO OTHER POLICY OR
DIRECTION THAN TO BEGIN AND SUSTAIN AN AGRESSIVE PROGRAM OF REACQUIRING SIOUX
LANDS WITHIN THE BOUNDARY OF OUR RESERVATION FOR USE BY INDIAN PEOPLE. I MUST
EXPLAIN HERE FOR THE ALARMISTS, THAT THIS IS NOT AN INDIAN MILITANT EFFORT TO
DEPRIVE NON-INDIANS OF WHAT THEY HAVE ACQUIRED ON THE RESERVATION (REGARDLESS
OF THE SORDID, GOVERNMENT-AIDED MEANS WHICH THEY MANY TIMES USED TO ACQUIRE IT,
REGARDLESS OF THE PITIFULLY LOW PRICE THEY FREQUENTLY WERE PERMITTED BY THE
GOVERNMENT TO ACQUIRE IT FOR). THIS IS SIMPLY A HARD-NOSED ECONOMIC DECISION
THAT MUST BE MADE AND CARRIED OUT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE OGLALA SIOUX NATION.
AGAIN, TO MOLLIFY THE ALARMIST; IT WILL BE OUR INTENT TO REACQUIRE THIS LAND IN
THE EXISTING MARKET, PAYING THE PRICE ASKED OR BARGAINING FOR THE BEST DEAL AC-
CORDING TO HONORED AND ACCEPTED PRACTICES. WE SUBMIT THAT IT WOULD BE BENEATH
OUR CODE OF HONOR TO ATTEMPT TO REACQUIRE THE LAND IN THE SAME MANNER THAT IT WAS
TAKEN FROM US. WE MUST SIMPLY RELY ON THE FACT THAT PEOPLE, NOT HAVING THE
STRONG SPIRITUAL ATTACHMENT TO OUR LANDS THAT THE SIOUX HAVE, WILL SOONER OR
LATER PUT IT ON THE MARKET AS THEIR NEED FOR ECONOMIC INTERESTS ARISE. WHEN,
AND AS THIS HAPPENS, WE MUST BE PREPARED TO REACQUIRE OUR LANDS. TOWARD THIS END
WE MUST DEVELOP THESE LAND REACQUISITION PROGRAMS AS A TOP PRIORITY - URGING OUT
CONGRESSMEN AND SENATORS TO EXPAND ON PRESENT INDIAN FINANCING PROGRAMS AND TO
DEVELOP SPECIFIC LEGISLATION TO EXPEDITE THE PROCESS.
-5-
IT MUST BE MENTIONED, THAT ONE IMPORTANT COLLATERAL BENEFIT TO REACQUIRING
INDIAN LANDS WITHIN THE RESERVATION - WILL BE THE DIMINISHMENT OF EFFORTS BY
ANTI-TRIBAL GOVERNMENT FORCES TO COMPEL INDIANS TO ACCEPT STATE JURISDICTION.
THE FORMULA IS VERY SIMPLE; FOR EVERY ACRE OF RESERVATION LAND RETURNED TO INDIAN
OR TRIBAL OWNERSHIP AND TRUST STATUS, THE POSITION OF THE STATE JURISDICTION
FORCES IS WEAKENED. WITH THIS PROCESS OF DIMINISHING THE STATE'S TAX BASE ON
THE RESERVATION, SOON WILL DISAPPEAR THE NON-INDIAN INTEREST FORCING STATE
JURISDICTION ON THE RESERVATION. THIS IS A CHALLENGING ASSIGNMENT FOR TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT, BUT NOTHING COULD BE MORE EXCITING AND SATISFYING TO THE TOTAL INDIAN
COMMUNITY.
MOST OF THE NEWLY ELECTED OFFICERS AND COUNCILMEN GAINED THEIR VOTERS SUP-
PORT BY PROMISING THE RETURN TO CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBAL GOVERNMENT, AND THE RETURN
OF POWER TO THE PEOPLE. THIS CAN ONLY BE MANIFESTED BY PROMPT MOVES BY TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT TO ASSIST THE DISTRICTS TO DEVELOP WORKABLE LOCAL CONTROL OF SERVICES;
AND TO RENDER TO ALL DISTRICTS THEIR RIGHTFUL SHARE OF TRIBAL PROGRAMS AND FUNDING
RESOURCES, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRIBE AND
OTHER LAWS. TOWARD THIS END, THE TRIBAL GOVERNMENT MUST EXTEND OFFICES AND SERVICES
TO THE DISTRICTS AND THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS MUST RESPOND BY REINSTATING THE
BIA DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS WHICH WERE SO HEEDLESSLY DISMANTLED BY THE BUREAU IN
THE PAST YEAR.
MUCH HAS BEEN SAID ABOUT THE RELATIONS OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE WITH OUR NON
INDIAN NEIGHBORS. WE HAVE BEEN DEPICTED AS BURDENSOME TO THE VARIOUS SURROUNDING
COMMUNITIES, AS THREATENING VIOLENCE TO VISTORS ON OUR RESERVATION; AND AS CLEARLY
UNREADY TO MAINTAIN SELF-GOVERNMENT. THOSE NON-INDIANS ON THE RESERVATION, WHO
HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN MAINTAINING A COLONIALISTIC EXISTENCE PRIOR TO THE ERA OF
INDIAN DEMANDS FOR FULL CITIZENSHIP AND CIVIL RIGHTS, HAVE NOW EMERGED AS CITIZENS
DEMANDING THEIR CIVIL LIBERTIES. THIS, AFTER GENERATIONS OF EXPLOITING INDIAN
RESOURCES WITH BOTH OVERT AND TACIT ASSISTANCE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. IN OTHER
-6-
WORDS, WHEN INDIANS ARE ACCORDED EVEN THE MOST ELEMENTARY RIGHTS - THEN THESE
COLONIAL TYPES WANT SUPER-RIGHTS. THE ANSWER TO THESE TYPES IS TO REALLY AC-
CORD THEM ALL THE CIVIL LIBERTIES THEY CAN STAND. WE SHOULD PASS THE NECESSARY
TRIBAL ORDINANCES TO BRING THEM UNDER TRIBAL JURISDICTION; JUST AS THEY MUST
ACCEPT THE JURISDICTION OF ANOTHER SOVEREIGNTY WHERE THEY MIGHT CHOOSE TO RESIDE
AS NON-CITIZENS.
IN OUR DEALINGS WITH OUR NON-INDIAN NEIGHBORS WE HAVE TOO LONG SOUGHT TO BE
TREATED AS EQUALS. THIS HAS BEEN NON-PRODUCTIVE AND HAS USUALLY RESULTED ONLY
IN THE DEMAND THAT WE CONCEDE MORE AND MORE OF OUR HERITAGE, OUR LANDS, RESOURCES
AND SELF RESPECT.
THIS TOO, WE SUBMIT, CAN BE RECTIFIED BY A CHANGE IN ATTITUDE ON OUR PART.
WE SHOULD DEMAND RESPECT BY TREATING OUR NEIGHBORS AS OUR EQUALS. WE WOULD DO
so BY INSISTING ON FULL SERVICE OR VALUE FOR USE OF LANDS AND FULL RECOGNITION
FOR THE CONTRIBUTIONS WE MAKE AS A COMMUNITY.
IN CONCLUDING, I WISH TO STATE THAT I AM GREATLY HONORED TO ACCEPT THE CHAL-
LENGE, AND THE POSITION, DIRECTED TO ME BY THE PEOPLE OF THE OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE.
IT IS A GREAT INSPIRATION TO BE DIRECTED TO SERVE THE PEOPLE - IT IS WITH A HUMBLE
APPRECIATION OF OUR GREAT NEEDS THAT I TODAY ACCEPT THE PRESIDENCY OF THE OGLALA
SIOUX TRIBE.
Cheyenne
Standing Rock
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Pine Ridge
Crow Creek
Flandreau
Lower Brule
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Rosebud
Sisseton
Yankton
Development Corporation
P.O. Box 1193, Pierre, S.D. 57501
Phone 224-8862 or 224-8863
July 21, 1975
Honorable President Gerald Ford
United States of America
The Executive Office of the President
Wt
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
Enclosed are resolutions passed by the United Sioux Tribes
of South Dakota Development Corporation Board of Directors
at a special emergency meeting held on July 11, 1975, at
the Holiday Inn Oahe Room, Pierre, South Dakota, for your
information and action as deemed necessary.
The resolutions are self-explanatory and express common
concern of the Tribal Chairpersons for the situation as
it exists on the Reservations today.
We hope that you will share this common concern and take
the necessary action as expressed in the resolutions. It
is noted that certain action has already been taken since
this meeting which outdates at least one of the resolutions,
specifically, the withdrawal of the FBI from the Pine Ridge
Reservation, and are enclosed as a matter of formality only.
Sincerely yours,
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES OF SOUTH DAKOTA
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
DLFAIR Fallis
Acting Executive Director
DLF/1p
enc/cc: Honorable Governor Richard F. Kneip, South Dakota
Honorable Attorney General Levi
Honorable Attorney General Janklow, State of South
Dakota
Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner Morris Thompson, BIA
United Sioux Tribes Chairpersons
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-05
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Development
Corporation was established on May 19, 1970, to
promote the general welfare, economic development,
program development, educational opportunities, and
provide assistance to the Indian reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons are concerned with alloca-
tions of harassment by Federal Officials and infor-
mation regarding irregularities of law and order
by Tribal law enforcement officials.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons
of United Sioux Tribes request that the President
of the United States appoint a Blue-ribbon
Committee of citizens, churches, and Federal and
Tribal officials to investigate the cause of in-
cidents at the Pine Ridge Reservation and other
reservations and to find a solution thereof.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South
Dakota passed this resolution with a quorum present
at a duly called meeting of the Board of Directors
on July 11, 1975, at the Holiday Inn Oahe Room in
Pierre, South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Cheyenne
Standing Rock
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Pine Ridge
Crow Creek
Flandreau
Lower Brule
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Rosebud
Sisseton
Yankton
Development Corporation
P.O. Box 1193, Pierre, S.D. 57501
Phone 224-8862 or 224-8863
TM
1 August 1975
Honorable President Gerald Ford
United States of America
The Executive Office of the President
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
The United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Board of Directors passed
the enclosed Resolution Number 75-018 at a duly called meeting on
the 25th day of July 1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room, Pierre,
South Dakota.
Please review this resolution and take the action deemed necessary.
With best personal regards, I remain
Sincerely,
UNITED STOUX TRIBES OF SOUTH DAKOTA
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
DLJacer D.L. Fallis
Acting Executive Director
DLF/1p
enc:as
CC: Governor Richard F. Kneip
Attorney General E.H. Levi
Attorney General William Janklow
C.M. Kelley, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner Morris Thompson
Senator James Abourezk
All Tribal Chairpersons
GREAT FORD LIBRERY
Cheyenne
Standing Rock
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Pine Ridge
Crow Creek
Flandreau
Lower Brule
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Rosebud
Sisseton
Yankton
Development Corporation
P.O. Box 1193, Pierre, S.D. 57501
Phone 224-8862 or 224-8863
July 31, 1975
Honorable President Gerald Ford
United States of America
The Executive Office of the President
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20500
Ref: United Sioux Tribes Letter of 21 July 1975;
Resolutions #75-05, 75-06, 75-07, 75-08, & 75-09
Dear Mr. President:
On 21 July 1975, I forwarded the above referenced resolutions
passed by the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Board of
Directors at a special emergency meeting held on 11 July 1975,
at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room, Pierre, South Dakota, for your
information and action as deemed necessary.
Upon review of these resolutions an error has been detected,
and, I am now forwarding the corrected Resolutions #75-012,
75-013, 75-014, 75-015, and 75-016. Please disregard the
previous resolutions #75-05, 75-06, 75-07, 75-08, and 75-09,
dated 11 July 1975.
Also, enclosed for your review and action is resolution #75-017,
passed by the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Board of
Directors at the special emergency meeting of 11 July 1975.
I sincerely regret this inconvenience, and will, in the future,
take proper steps to avoid this situation happening again.
With best personal regards, I remain
Sincerely,
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES OF SOUTH DAKOTA
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Difall D.L. Fallis
PURO
Acting Executive Director
DLF/1p
enc:as
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75- 012
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, economic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons are concerned with allogations of
harassment by Federal Officials and information regarding
irregularities of law and order by Tribal Law Enforcement
Officials;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of United
Sioux Tribes request that the President of the United States
appoint a Blue-ribbon Committee of citizens, churches, and
Federal and Tribal Officials to investigate the cause of
incidents at the Pine Ridge Reservation and other reserva-
tions and to find a solution thereof.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on 11th day of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in
Pierre
,
South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, ankambean President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
FORD
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-013
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, economic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes have re-
ceived numerous complaints from reliable sources as to
allogations of harassment by the investigators of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes are concerned
for the welfare of the Indian people;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of the
United Sioux Tribes demand an immediate withdrawal of all
Federal Bureau of Investigation agents and Federal Marshalls
from the Pine Ridge Reservation and other reservations,
except those immediately needed to carry out the investiga-
tions in progress.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on 11thday of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in Pierre
,
South Dakota.
any assbambeans.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-014
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, ecomomic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes are genuinely
concerned with the preservation and stability of all tribal
governments: and
WHEREAS, proof has been given to the satisfaction of the Tribal
Chairpersons of the United Sioux Tribes which would sub-
stantiate claims of a non-cooperative government;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of United
Sioux Tribes recommend that the United States Government take
immediate court action to cause all members of the governing
body of the Oglala Sioux Tribe to return to the provisions
of the Constitution and By-laws. Failing in the effort to
go through established Constitutional procedures to cause
the removal of any elected official who fails to comply with
that order; provided that the United Sioux Tribes be utilized
as the hearing board for non-compliance.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on 11th day of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in Pierre
/ South Dakota
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
NITED SIOUX TRID
SOLUTION NO. 75
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Trib of Sou Dahota was
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, eco nic
development, program development, educational opp miti
and provide assistance to the Indian Rese ations in
the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, allogations of such a nature, so as to cause conside
doubts, have been raised by individuals before us regarding
the inept ability of the Pine Ridge Reservation polic NO
maintain law and order;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of the
United Sioux Tribes request the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs to establish a Criminal Justice System that will
apply an equal application of justice on the Pine Ridge
Reservation and said force shall consist of personnel
selected for their ability to carry out those duties with-
out regard to personal beliefs or organizational member-
ships under the direction of special law enforcement
Officer Sayre's of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on 11th day of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in Pierre
, South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TR BES
Michael B. Jandreau, 2. Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-016
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, economic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes are deeply
concerned over the recent actions taken and comments pre-
sented by the Attorney General of the State of South Dakota:
and
WHEREAS, it is the responsibility of the Governor of the State of
South Dakota to administer the laws fairly and equally:
and
WHEREAS, the Attorney General of the State of South Dakota was
speaking of incidents outside of his jurisdiction;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of United
Sioux Tribes request the Governor of the State of South
Dakota reprimand the Attorney General of the State of South
Dakota for issuing careless and needless press releases
pretaining to the Pine Ridge Reservation and other reser-
vations incidents.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on llthday of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in Pierre
,
South Dakota.
Percy aug Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-017
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, economic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons are concerned with all Indian people
and call upon them to lend support and to recognize the need
to promote cooperation to effectively deal with our common
problems;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of United
Sioux Tribes of South Dakota urge and request that AIM call
upon its entire membership to take all necessary steps to
support the requests and directions contained in resolu-
tions adopted by the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on llthday of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in
Pierre
,
South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED STOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Jandreau / Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED STOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75-018
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota was established on
May 19, 1970, to promote the general welfare, economic
development, program development, educational opportunities,
and provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Honorable James Abourezk, Senator of the State of South
Dakota, has submitted a proposal to the United States
Department of Justice for law enforcement specifically
aimed at coping with disturbances on Indian Reservations:
and
WHEREAS, we the Tribal Chairpersons of the United Sioux Tribes oppose
the overt usage of Federal Law Enforcement officials to
solve disturbances such as the recent incident on the Pine
Ridge Reservation in South Dakota;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons of the
United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota object to the proposal
submitted to the United States Department of Justice by
South Dakota Senator James Abourezk in favor of a policy
similar to that as outlined to you in Resolution Number
75-013 by our organization on 11 July 1975.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota
passed this resolution with a quorum present at a duly
called meeting of the Board of Directors on 25th day of
July
1975, at the Holiday Inn, Oahe Room,
in Pierre
South Dakote
/
Percy airy Archambeau, ankambean President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Janareau Secretary
UNITED STOUX TRIDES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75 -06
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Development
Corporation was established on May 19, 1970, to pro-
mote the general welfare, economic development,
program development, educational opportunities, and
provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes have
received numerous complaints from reliable sources
as to allocations of harassment by the investigators
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: and
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes Tribal Chairpersons are con-
cerned for the welfare of the Indian people:
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the United Sioux Tribes
Tribal Chairpersons demand an immediate withdrawal
of all Federal Bureau of Investigation agents and
Federal Marshalls from the Pine Ridge Reservation
and other reservations, except those immediately
needed to carry out the investigations in progress.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South
Dakota passed this resolution with a quorum present
at a duly called meeting of the Board of Directors
on July 11, 1975, at the Holiday Inn Oahe Room in
Pierre, South Dakota.
Pury Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED STOUX TRIBES
1080
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75 - 08
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Development
Corporation was established on May 19, 1970, to
promote the general welfare, economic development,
program development, educational opportunities, and
provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in the
State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, allocation of such a nature so as to cause consid-
erable doubts have been raised by individuals before
us regarding the inapt ability of the Pine Ridge
Reservation police to maintain law and order:
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons
of the United Sioux Tribes request the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs to establish a Criminal Justice
System that will apply an equal application of
justice on the Pine Ridge Reservation and said
force shall consist of personnel selected for their
ability to carry out those duties without regard
to personal beliefs or organizational memberships
under the direction of special law enforcement
Officer Sayre's of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of
South Dakota passed this resolution with a quorum
present at a duly called meeting of the Board of
Directors on July 11, 1975, at the Holiday Inn
Oahe Room, Pierre, South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
MichaelCB Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
GENALE FORD CIRRANT
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75 - 07
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Development
Corporation was established on May 19, 1970, to pro-
mote the general welfare, economic development,
program development, educational opportunities, and
provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in
the State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes
are genuinely concerned with the preservation and
stability of all tribal governments: and
WHEREAS, proof has been given to the satisfaction of the
Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes which
would substantiate claims of a cooperative govern-
ment:
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the Tribal Chairpersons
of United Sioux Tribes recommend that the United
States Government take immediate court action to
cause all members of the governing body of the
Oglala Sioux Tribe to return to the provisions of
the Constitution and By-laws. Failing in the
effort to go through established Constitutional
procedures to cause the removal of any elected
official who fails to comply with that order;
provided that the United Sioux Tribes be utilized
as the hearing board for non-compliance.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South
Dakota passed this resolution with a quorum present
at a duly called meeting of the Board of Directors
on July 11, 1975, at the Holiday Inn Oahe Room in
Pierre, South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau, President
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
Michael B. Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
RESOLUTION NO. 75 - 09
1975
WHEREAS, the United Sioux Tribes of South Dakota Development
Corporation was established on May 19, 1970, to
promote the general welfare, economic development,
program development, educational opportunities, and
provide assistance to the Indian Reservations in
the State of South Dakota. and
WHEREAS, the Tribal Chairpersons of United Sioux Tribes
are deeply concerned over the recent actions taken
and comments presented by the Attorney General of
the State of South Dakota: and
WHEREAS, it is the responsibility of the Governor of the
State of South Dakota to administer the laws
fairly and equally: and
the Attorney General of the State of South Dakota
was speaking of incidents outside of his juris-
diction:
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: that the United Sioux Tribes
Tribal Chairpersons request the Governor of the
State of South Dakota reprimand the Attorney
General of the State of South Dakota for issuing
careless and needless press releases pretaining
to the Pine Ridge Reservation and other reserva-
tions incidents.
CERTIFICATION
WE DO HEREBY CERTIFY: that the United Sioux Tribes of South
Dakota passed this resolution with a quorum present
at a duly called meeting of the Board of Directors
on July 11, 1975, at the Holiday Inn Oahe Room in
Pierre, South Dakota.
Percy Archambeau
President
United Sioux Tribes
Michael B. Jandreau, Secretary
UNITED SIOUX TRIBES
LIBRARY
Thursday, July 10, 1975
Rapid City Journal
Report indicates
reservation ignored
Among other recommendations: the
By ANDY MONTGOMERY
Journal Washington Correspondent
It paints a dismal picture of a
commission proposed that $943,900 to
fund a 61-person law enforcement oper-
WASHINGTON - A U.S. Depart-
judicial-law enforcement system
ation be authorized for the Pine Ridge
ment of Interior task force, created
crippled by inadequate support
agency. Also that a permanent super-
last March to look into conditions on
intendent and deputy superintendent be
the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, is
from the federal courts and jus-
appointed, a major issue at the time
sharply critical of the federal govern-
the commission was selected.
ment's "lack of meaningful support"
tice department.
The six-man commission - actually
for Indian affairs.
other reservations unless corrective
five since one was unable to partici-
The report of the special secretarial
commission charges that the Bureau of
action was taken to upgrade Indian life
pate - was appointed by then Secre-
Indian Affairs (BIA) is almost help-
and conditions everywhere, along with
tary of Interior Rogers Morton March
less "in dealing with difficult situa-
other reforms they have advanced.
17 because of increasing reports of vio-
lence and law and order breakdown at
tions" because of internal dissension,
"Sadly enough," the report stated,
insecurity and ineffective leadership.
Pine Ridge.
"it will become obvious that most of
It also was felt at that time that the
It paints a dismal picture of a judi-
the underlying causes (of the Pine
"immediate situation could be indic-
cial-law enforcement system, crippled
Ridge unrest) are all too typical of too
by inadequate support from the federal
many Indian reservations.
courts and the Justice Department,
"We must listen to them," the com-
The commission chastised trib-
lack of funds to maintain a proper jury
mission members pleaded in the report
set-up, untrained policemen - and a
to Secretary of Interior Stanley Hath-
al leaders for their tendency to
U.S. attorney discontinuing use of tele-
away. Sources indicate that the con-
view their roles through the
phone communications because he
tents of the report will be transmitted
fears the Pine Ridge lines are tapped.
to Pine Ridge tribal leaders within the
prism of "individual percep-
week to be followed by a meeting on the
"
The report, a copy of which was ob-
tions
tained by the Journal, recommends a
reservation.
top-to-bottom functional restructuring
The report did not spare the tribal
leaders nor the "large numbers" of the
ative of a broader range of current
of the bureaucratic machinery, sup-
ported by a stronger law enforcement
Oglala people who. it said, were unin-
problems." a prophetic assessment of
terested in tribal and federal govern-
the deaths and trouble to occur in June
and court system.
ments.
and July.
The commission warns that the
The commission also deplored the
The commission was charged with a
"manifestation of despair and frustra-
breakdown of communications between
mandate to identify "all current prob-
tion" among the Oglala Sioux people,
tribe and BIA and within the tribe and
lems, determine their underlying
as reflected in the "deplorable break-
quickness to blame each other for
causes and recommend solutions."
down in law and order" at Pine Ridge
"many of their inabilities to carry out
Commission members made three field
and nearby areas "represents only the
their duties and responsibilities effec-
trips to the reservation, on March 17 to
tip of the iceberg."
tively.'
29. April 14 to 25. and May 5 to 9. They
The commission's members strongly
The commission chastised tribal
suggest the tragedies could spread to
leaders for their tendency to view their
roles through the prism of "individual
perceptions" rather than through lead-
ership and information.
met with about 1,000 members of the
that program administrators do not
'An almost complete suspension of
Oglala Sioux Tribe and approximately
properly coordinate their delivery of
formal communication between ari-
200 other individuals and officials.
services with other program admin-
istrators."
ous factions of tribal government."
They said they "made no promises
"Formal communications," be-
that were not within the power of the
As a short-term solution the com-
tween the tribe and BIA have been seri-
commission to keep." They said they
mission recommended that "the
ously limited.
"found and observed several external
current efforts of the tribe and BIA to
forces of individuals in the private and
upgrade the law enforcement and judi-
The report pointedly notes that
public sector that were keeping the Og-
cial service programs - must be sup-
"were it not for the present state of
lala Sioux people in a constant source
ported and continued." It also said the
tribal government the bureau would
of confusion and chaos" over the issue
Department of Interior must support
surely be the focal point for much more
of reverting to the 1868 Treaty form of
criticism than it currently receives.
the selection and assignment of top-
tribal government.
Lack of meaningful support for tribal
flight qualified administrative leaders.
government from the Bureau of Indian
"It is the judgment of this commis-
For the long-term it was ree-
Affairs and ineffectiveness in dealing
sion," the report stated, "that the state
ommended that continued support in
with underlying causes may be as re-
of confusion over this issue is a contri-
the form of technical assistance and
sponsible for the complaints about trib-
buting factor in the problems the ex-
other resources must be supplied "so
al government as tribal government it-
isting tribal council is facing in con-
that the capacities of tribal govern-
self
ducting tribal business."
ment will be developed commensurate
Other contributing factors to unrest
The report identified major prob-
with its responsibilities."
and lack of progress included contin-
lems:
It also said "comprehensive efforts
ued inadequate transportation, strong
1 - The problem of law and order,
to inform all people of the mechanisms
objections to cluster housing, unem-
"is of wide concern. Citizen respect for
of tribal and federal programs should
ployment, problem drinking, lack of
the reservation law enforcement ac-
be instituted" and that "wherever
recreational facilities, and inadequate
tivities is at an all time low. Police
possible emphasis in program planning
water supplies.
morale is bad. Facilities and equip-
and administration should be shifted
Looking at the "quality, efficiency
ment are inadequate. Necessary sup-
from daily operations to establishment
and effectiveness" of federal and trib-
port from the federal courts and jus-
and accomplishment of long-term ob-
al law enforcement programs, and the
tice department has been inadequate."
jectives."
judicial system, the commission point-
2 - "Tribal government lacks the
"Lessons learned at Pine Ridge," the
ed out that
necessary resources to provide re-
report declared, "should influence
The present court facilities are in-
future policies on Indian affairs by fo-
adequate.
sponsive and responsible leadership."
cusing on prevention of future prob-
3 - "Most federal programs could be
lems through proper long range pro-
The lack of funds has made jury
trials impossible.
more efficiently administered. Strong
gram planning."
Serious offenses go unpunished due
innovative leadership is needed to
However it emphasized that "the
to lack of funds for a jury trial, funds
deliver effective services. Leaders to
current unrest is a stumbling block in
drained off because alcohol-related of-
be effective must have continuing sup-
the path of economic development."
fenses take up most of the court's time.
port from their superiors and set good
It noted "a lack of significant im-
The report said the present BIA
examples for their subordinates."
provement" since 1973 when a private
criminal investigation staff is un-
4 - Economic underachievement: In
firm conducted an intensive review of
trained and inadequate. It said since In-
over one-third of the Indian households
the management activities and capa-
dian people "are reluctant" to talk
on Pine Ridge no one works. "About 40
bilities of tribal government and feder-
with FBI agents, the agents are forced
per cent of those who are employed are
al program operations.
to "plagarize" the inadequate BIA re-
significantly underemployed: in sharp
ports or backtrack the BIA investiga-
contrast non-Indian residents of the
It blamed this lack of progress on
tor
reservation and nearby communities
several causes:
It observed that the U.S. attorney has
enjoy reasonable standards of living."
Failure on the part of the BIA in
discontinued phone discussions be-
5 - "It is obvious from the public
program communication because of
cause he had "reason to believe that
meetings that large numbers of the
"outmoded administrative techniques,
the Pine Ridge phones were tapped."
Oglala people are uninformed in the
program jealousy, and large numbers
The situation at Pine Ridge, the re-
of vacant key positions."
port asserted, "illustrates graphically
It said that "the continual state of
that there is more to an effective law
"Most federal programs could
change and unrest that has prevailed
enforcement program than mere num-
be more efficiently adminis-
(within BIA) over the last few years
hers of people designated as police-
does not produce a climate that is par-
men. Proper training. organization,
tered."
ticularly ideal for dealing with diffi-
and leadership are as important as
cult situations. In general bureau em-
numbers. The present patchwork po-
ployes at Pine Ridge appeared to be in-
lice force could be characterized as an
workings of tribal and federal govern-
secure, unsure of the mission of the bu-
armed, only slightly controllable fac-
ment."
reau, and uncertain of their role in
tion of the community, rather than a
The report also said "it is apparent
it.
The most recent reorganization
coherent. stabilizing force."
at the agency was not given full sup-
port nor fair trial by a significant num-
Specific commission recommenda-
ber of bureau employes at many lev-
tions include:
els. It was pre-judged before it was ful-
Appointment of permanent, highly
ly implemented."
qualified superintendent and deputy su-
perintendent at Pine Ridge.