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4528526
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Armenian Ethnic Groups
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document
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id
4528526
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
Armenian Ethnic Groups
citationUrl
collections
Myron B. Kuropas Files (Ford Administration)
Myron Kuropas' Ethnic Groups Files
subjects
Lebanon
Soviet Union
Arts
Ethnic groups
Presidential campaign, 1976
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4528526
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1976-03-31
month
3
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1976
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1976-02-01
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2
year
1976
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The original documents are located in Box 1, folder "Armenian Ethnic Groups" of the
Myron Kuropas Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
DR. MYRON B. KUROPAS S
SPECIAL ASST. TO PRESIDENT
FOR ETHNIC AFFAIRS
THE WHITE HOUSE, WASH. DC 20500
Leon Peters To Receive
The California
' Citizen Of Year' Award
COURIER
FRESNO - Leon Peters, a
VOL. XVIII, No 32
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1976
Subscription: $8.00
former State President of the
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 966, Fresno, California 93714
Phone 264-9330
Armenian American Citizens
League, will be honored as the
Citizen of the Year at the
2,700 At Pasadena Auditorium
League's 43rd annual State
Convention April 3 in the
Fresno Hilton Hotel.
For 'Aremian Case' Premiere
Aaron Goorigian, convention
chairman and a former State
President, said "the league is
By Dr. Art Margosian, Editor
the 1915 Turkish Genocide of
the showing of the film and the
proud to be able to honor its
PASADENA - More than
the Armenian people to people
speeches.
first State President, Leon
2,700 persons came to the
in this country and in other
And fourth, the film attracted
Peters. He has not only been
Pasadena Civic Auditorium
English speaking countries.
a large proportion of young men
a leader in our affairs, but he
Feb. 22, and they were con-
Second, the remarkably
and women under age 21 - a
has been a community and
quered by the moving docu-
large turnout - which filled all
major first in the Western
state leader, also."
mentary by Dr. J. Michael
but a few hundred seats in the
United States.
The annual convention will
Hagopian, "The Armenian
huge auditorium - was respon-
The large audience sat
start with the Open House
Case."
sive to the film and the
patiently through the brief
April 2 in the AACL Building at
Sponsored by the United
speeches by several community
but relevant remarks by Leo
the California Armenian Home.
Armenian Commemorative
leaders preceding the showing.
Garapedian, chairman of the
The evening event will feature
Committee in conjunction with
Third, the joint effort of the
commemorative committee;
the music of Richard Hagopian
the Armenian Revolutionary
Armenian Democratic League
talks by George Mandossian of
Federation and the Armenian
and the Armenian Revolu-
the ADL and Hagop Manjikian
Guild Dinner To
Democratic League, the World
tionary Federation, working in
of the ARF, and the keynote
Premiere of the timely and
concert with the United Arme-
address by Dr. Richard Hovan-
factual film was a tremendous
nian commemorative Commit-
nisian, professior of Armenian
Benefit Home
success in all respects.
tee, paid off in dividends,
and Near Eastern History at
First, the Armenian-Ameri-
rich dividends evidenced by
UCLA.
LEON PETERS
FRESNO - Tickets are still
can community now has a film
the large turnout and the
available for the Ani Guild's
- based on facts, historical
tremendous, ear-shattering
Speaking to Anne Avakian-
14th annual Champagne
and his orchestra.
data - to take the true story of
applause which interrupted
Bishop, Los Angeles area
Dinner March 13 in the Shera-
Goorigian said the business
author-journalist after the
ton Inn.
sessions are scheduled for
premiere, Joyce Altoon, a
Mrs. Pete Parnagian, chair-
Saturday morning and after-
AGBU-St. Peter Day
school teacher, asked, "Why
man of the dinner-dance,
noon and that the annual
has it taken 60 years to docu-
said that tickets, priced at
dinner-dance will follow in the
ment the shocking events?
$65 per person, may be reserv-
evening at the Hilton.
ed by calling Mrs. Jack Kazan-
School Opens Doors
Where did these photographs
Assisting Goorigian with the
of the brutal killing, rapes and
jian at 229-0345.
planning are Jack Kazanjian,
hangings come from? Every
Assisting Mrs. Parnagian
who will also be the emcee of
VAN NUYS - Nineteen
Parish Council Chairman Albert
one should see this film,
are Mrs. Charles Missakian,
the Saturday evening program;
students enrolled in kindergar-
Shahbazian's welcoming re-
certainly one of the most
co-chairman; Mrs. Ronald
Joe Dishian, president of the
ten and first grade of the first
marks were followed by Parish
important in world history."
Cloud, decorations; Mrs.
Fresno chapter, and Pete
Armenian Day School in the
Priest Rev. Shahe Semerdjian's
Edward Karahadian, invita-
Hagopian, past president of
Western District of the AGBU
comments, expressing his joy
Amazed At Inhumanity
tions; Mrs. Harry Goorabian,
the Fresno chapter.
Feb. 2 as a result of efforts
on the occasion.
Young Aram Philibosian said
fund raising; Mrs. Martin
Entertainment and dancing
by AGBU, Western District and
Bishop Hovsepian praised the
he was amazed that such
Mazman, publicity; Mrs.
are also on the program
the St. Peter Armenian Aposto-
St. Peter community for re-
inhumanity could have been
Kazanjian, reservations; and
for the April 3rd dinner. The
lic Church of Van Nuys.
ponding to the need of an
allowed by the civilized coun-
Mrs. Sam Parnagian, menu.
Fresno chapter will sponsor
The St. Peter-AGBU Arme-
Armenian Day School in the
tries of the world. "I wept tears
The theme of the 1976
the April 4 (Sunday morning)
nian School, located on the
Western District, and Parsegh
of frustration,' he said. "What
dinner-dance appropriately is
breakfast at the AACL Building.
Church grounds, held formal
Kartalian, executive secretary
wonderful people Armenian
the Bicentennial. The Frank
State President Kasper
dedication and ribbon cutting
of the AGBU, Western District,
forefathers were! To think that
Wells Orchestra will provide
"Bob" Babigian of San Fer-
ceremonies Feb. 1 after church
lauded the St. Peter-AGBU
Mike Connors' (narrator of
music for dancing.
nando will preside at the
services when the Rt. Rev.
cooperation and promised the
the documentary) own grand-
All proceeds will go to the
convention. Delegates are
Bishop Vatche Hovsepian,
full support of the AGBU.
parents were killed in Khar-
California Armenian Home for
expected from the chapters in
Primate of the Western Diocese
He then read two congratula-
pert? What can we in America
the Aged in Fresno.
Los Angeles, San Fernando,
of the Armenian Church,
tory telegrams sent by AGBU
do to make amends - to
An Open House and Tea will
Montebello, San Francisco and
pointed out the importance
(Continued on page 12)
(Continued on page 8)
be held at the California Arme-
Fresno.
of Armenian Day Schools in
nian Home Sunday afternoon,
Other state officers are Seda
the United States and com-
March 14. Mrs. Krikor Bedros-
Bedrosian of Sepulveda, state
mended the joint efforts of the
ian is the chairman of the Open
vice president; Nubar Tashjian
Church and the AGBU.
House.
of Oakland and Pete Hagopian
Jack Simsarian, chairman of
of Fresno, regional vice presi-
the school board, made the
dents; Zabelle Demirjian of
opening remarks and emceed
Los Angeles, recording secre-
the dedication program after
(Continued on page 12
the short religious service.
Fresno To Host AGBU Convention
FRESNO - M. Haigentz,
Also on Saturday, the high-
the executive director of
light of the program will be
AGBU International, will speak
the talk by Haigentz.
at the 60th annual Convention
Delegates representing 25
of the Armenian General Bene-
chapters on the West Coast,
volent Union, Western District,
including Washington, Califor-
March 19 and 20 at the AGBU
nia and Arizona, will hear the
Center, 1720 Fulton Street in
reports of the Western District
Fresno.
Committee and make plans for
A Fellowship Night is
the coming year," said the
scheduled for Friday, March 19.
Western District Executive
A two-session meeting will
Secretary, Parsegh Kartalian.
be held during the day with
The Achievement, Merit and
luncheon at noon on Saturday,
Progress Awards will be given
March 20. And the 60th annual
to the most deserving chapters
RIGHTFULLY PLEASED - "The Armenian Case" producer-
Convention Banquet will be
within the Western District
director, Dr. J. Michael Hagopian, left, goes over final plans for the
MRS. PETE PARNAGIAN
held at 7 PM in the AGBU
during the Saturday night
World Premiere with Leo Garapedian, United Armenian Commem-
Ani Chairman
Center.
banquet program.
orative Committee chairman.
COURIER PHOTO
Dr Dennis R Papazian 8-9
522 2ist Street N W
THE ARMENIAN DC 20006
ALL THE NEWS
ALL THE NEWS
WORTH
REPORTER
ABOUT
REPORTING
New York's Independent Armenian Newsweekly
ARMENIANS
America's Leading Armenian Newspaper
VOL. IX, NO. 17
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Mailing address: P.O. Box 488, Flushing, N.Y. 113
Telephone: (212)445-288
GREAT FORD
see attached
FEB24 FEB 1976
Leone was elected rapporteur,
D. R. Papazian Attends
Number 16 on the agenda of 21
role in maintaining order. The
items, is the Report of the Sub-
Commission on Prevention of Dis-
Reception Hosted by President
Detroiters Ro
crimination and Protection of
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Dr. Dennis R. Papazian, presently on leave
Minorities on its 28th session
Lebanon Arme
of absence from The University of Michigan Dearborn, represented
which took place last year in
the Armenian Assembly at a White House inauguration and reception,
Geneva. It was during this session
SOUTHFIELD, Mieh. - More
hosted by the President, for Michael Kobalinsky, newly appointed
that once again several experts
than $30,000 was raised at
head of the Small Business Administration, on Thursday, February 12,
spoke on the retention of para-
private reception held at the
1976, in the afternoon. President Ford personally welcomed the guests
graph 30 of the study on geno-
residence of Mr. Edward Mardi
and spoke of his appreciation for the great contributions made by
cide, prepared by a special rap-
gian, President of the AGBU 0
porteur from Rwanda.
Americans of various ethnic backgrounds.
America on February 11 for th
The Commission on Human
Mr. Kobalinsky, of Polish origin, praised the President for his
benefit of a major fund raising
Rights is composed of 32 coun-
understanding of the important role of ethnic Americans in-building
campaign to help the Armenian
tries including Turkey.
of Lebanon.
American industry and enriching American culture. He praised the
President for his concrete efforts
in bringing into the Adminis-
tration many Americans of var-
ious national origins.
The President, Mr. Kobalinsky
and Mr. Justice Stewart of the
Supreme Court, greeted those
present in a reception line in the
beautiful Red Room.
The invitation to the inaugural
was extended through the good
offices of Dr. Myron B. Kuropas,
newly appointed Special Assist-
ant to the President for Ethnic
Affairs on the recommendation
of Mr. Vartkes Yeghiayan, Special
Assistant to the Director of
ACTION.
TRANSLATED IN TO JAPANESE
YEREVAN, Armenia The
monograph by a member of the
Armenian Academy of Sciences,
Prof. Sergei Hampartzoumian,
called, "The Theory of Aniso-
thrope Plates," was published in
Japanese by a publishing house in
Japan.
The monograph is about the
scientist's theory of strength, elas-
ticity and vibration of plates
made of new building materials.
According to Soviet and foreign
experts, Hampartzoumian's work
MEETING WITH THE PRESIDENT. Mr. & Mrs. George Mardikian of San Francisco were among g
is important because it has prac-
who were invited to attend a reception in honor of President Gerald Ford during his recent visit to the
tical application.
Prof. Hampartzoumian, who is
Area. During the meeting with the President, the noted San Francisco restaurateur introduced to
President Mr. Arch Monson, the National President of the Boy Scouts of America. Both the Presiden
54 years old, is one of the leading
experts on mechanics in Soviet
Mr. Mardikian are Eagle Scouts, the highest rank in Scouting. Watching the President shake hands witi
Armenia.
wife, Mrs. Naz Mardikian, is husband George Mardikian.
page 1, also in 4 other Armenian amencin
newspapers. up.
Dr. Myron D Kuropas
6-18
The White House
Washington, D.C 20500
THE ARMENIAN
ALL THE NEWS
ALL THE NEWS
WORTH
REPORTER
ABOUT
REPORTING
New York's Independent Armenian Newsweekly
ARMENIANS
America's Leading Armenian Newspaper
VOL. IX, NO. 18
Mailing address: P. O. Box 488, Flushing, N.Y. 11355
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1976
Telephone: (212)445-2882
Turkey Threatens to Sever Diplomatic Relations
Rivalry Between Egypt, Iraq
with Lebanon over the Assassination of Diplomat
Syria May Re-ignite Religious
BEIRUT, Lebanon In a
Ambassador of Turkey in Beirut,
efforts to find clues leading to the
strongly worded statement given
as he was driving to the Ameri-
eventual apprehension of the
Strife in War-torn Lebanon
to the Lebanese Government by
can University Hospital of Beirut
culprit or culprits, there is little
the Embassy of Turkey here, the
to claim the body of the assassi-
FLUSHING, N.Y. Although there have been no reports of major
hope that under the present
Turkish Government has pro-
nated diplomat, Oktan Chirit.
conditions in which the country
violence in Lebanon in general, observers in the Lebanese capital
tested the assassination of the
Although Lebanese authorities
finds itself, the assassin can be
maintain guarded optimism towards the future of that country and
first secretary of the Turkish
are vigorously pursuing their
found.
now focus their attentionon the rivalry between Syria, on the one side,
Embassy last week. The Turks
and Iraq and Egypt on the other. They view this situation as one that
threaten to sever their diplo-
Mayor to Proclaim Feb. 27
may re-ignite the flames of religious strife.
matic relations with Lebanon
According to reports coming from the Middle East, both Egypt and
unless Lebanese authorities ap-
"St. Vartan's Day' in N. Y. C.
Iraq have not concealed their dissatisfaction with the major influential
prehend the culprits of this
role that Syria has secured in the Lebanese struggle. Sources both in
political crime.
NEW YORK, N.Y. Mayor Abraham Beame will proclaim
Iraq and Egypt feel that through clever manipulation and maneuvers,
The so-called Armenian Secret
Thursday, February 27, as St. Vartan's Day in the City of New
Syria, led by its foreign minister, was not only able to bring the fighting
Army claimed responsibility for
York during a special reception set for 10:45 a.m. at City Hall.
to an end, but also managed to gain a strong foothold in the country,
this murder soon after it was
During this reception the Mayor will personally read the
which, according to one Jewish source, paved the way for the eventual
committed last Tuesday on
Proclamation of the City of New York which pays tribute to
"Syrianization" of Lebanon.
Hamra Street in the Rab Beirut
General Vartan Mamigonian for his valiant effort on behalf of
If these fears materialize and if
country.
section of the city. The incident
religious freedom for the Armenian people.
Syria is allowed to play a major
Although Armenian schools
was followed by an attempt to
A select group of community leaders will witness the issuance
role in the internal politics of the
of the Proclamation.
have re-opened, there is a marked
assassinate Mr. Demirel, the
small country of Lebanon, it is
decline in enrollment. This is at-
expected that the Syrian type of
tributed to the caution main-
Gourgen Yanikian AgreestoMeet with Turkish Officials
socialism may soon be introduced
tained by families who do not
and thus bring to an end the
want their children exposed to
LOS ANGELES, Calif.- Two
a meeting would be possible only
have no objection, but such a
laissez faire concept of business.
possible dangers while going to
high ranking Turkish Government
with the consent and in the pre-
meeting would have to be taped in
The Armenians of Lebanon
school, and then to the financial
officials, who arrived here in mid-
sence of his lawyers and repre-
its entirety. The Turks agreed to
continue to maintain their neu-
strain that families have endured
January to "deal with Gourgen
sentatives of Yanikian Defense
the counsels request.
trality and yet are carried away by
during the last 10 months. Most
Yanikian case" upon their request
Committee.
Mr. Yergat, representing the
a wave of pessimism that has
of the families with children are
have been granted an audience
The Yanikian Defense Com-
Yanikian Defense Committee in
forced a large number of them to
literally penniless and cannot pay
with the Armenian defendent.
mittee, headed by Levon Yergat
an exclusive interview stated that
emigrate. A number of Armen-
for their tuition, as Armenian
This meeting which will be held
of California, has asked the
his committee will consider with-
ians, mainly middle class mer-
schools operate on a small tuition
in the next couple of days, will be
judicial authotities in California
drawing the application to reopen
chants, are reported to be in the
basis.
attended by two lawyers repre-
to reopen the case, and has hired a
the Yanikian case, provided that
process of liquidating their busi-
senting Mr. Yanikian, who is pre-
team of lawyers to review the case
the Turkish Government formally
nesses and preparing to leave the
Continued on page 3
sently serving a life sentence at
and defend Mr. Yanikian.
recognizes the Armenian Geno-
San Luis Obispo prison in Cali-
A day after the request was
cide and meets other Armenian
Chicago Area Armenians Raise
fornia for the killing of two
conditi onally turned down by Mr.
demands, territorial and other-
Turkish Consulate officials in San
Yanikian, on Thursday, February
wise, stemming from the first
$20,000 for Lebanon Relief Fund
Francisco, and two members of
19th, the Turkish officials com-
genocide of modern times per-
the Gourgen Yanikian Defense
municated their request to Atty.
FLUSHING, N.Y. At a special gathering held at the home of Dr. &
petrated by the Turks on Armen-
Committee. It is agreed by all
Oumman and Mark, The lawyers
Mrs. R, Hovanessian of Munster, Ind. on February 13, a select group of
ians.
sides that the ensuing conversa-
informed the Turks that they
25 guests raised a total of $20,000 towards the AGBU's and the
tions be taped in their entirety.
Diocese's joint drive to raise funds for the destitute Armenians of
Three Turkish correspondents
No Surprises Expected from the
Lebanon.
The invitees responded to the
AGBU of America. As reported
and cameramen, who are in Los
earlier, $32,000 was raised at this
Angeles area to cover the anti-
Communist Party Congress
appeal made by Mr. Haig Pedian,
meeting which was attended by
cipated re-trial, have been given
Chairman of the Chicago area
Mr. Vahe Vahian and Dr. Dickran
permission by the attorneys to
NEW YORK, N.Y. As the
the country without any signifi-
Fund-Raising Committee, and al-
Varjabedian, AGBU emissaries
take photographs and cover the
25th Congress of the Soviet Un-
cant change. What has not been
so listened to an eyewithness
conversations for the Turkish
ion's ruling Communist Party be-
reported and not noticed at the
account of the situation in Leb-
from Lebanon, Already over
$95,000 has been raised in the
news media.
gins its ten-day deliberations,
surface, are some radical changes
anon presented by Dr. Dickran
Detroit area for Lebanese relief.
The Turkish offcials have twice
western analysts have all agreed
that have taken place in various
Varjabedian and his brother,
Another meeting will be held
talked with the head of the prison
that it will not produce any sur-
republics on the eve of the Con-
Sissak Varjabedian, both of Leb-
this Sunday at the Michigan Inn in
ward, in order to arrange a meet-
prising results.
gress. Major leadership changes
anon.
ing to discuss matters relating to
It is evident that the troika of
have taken place in the political
The gathering followed an-
Southfield, Mich., for the purpose
the defendent's case. Mr. Yanik-
Brezhnev, Kosygin, and
apparatus in Georgia and Azerbai-
other meeting held last week in
of raising additional funds from
Podgorny, will continue to rule
Continued on page 16
Detroit at the home of Mr. Ed-
among the Detroit area Arm-
ian told prison officials that such
ward Mardigian, President of the
enians. The Detroit area drive will
Armenians Comprise Heavy Proportion of Emigrants
Continued on page 6
WASHINGTON, D.C.- Among Soviet citizens who
immediate relatives of citizens of the United
leave the Soviet Union and come to the United
States.
States, Armenians and Jews account for more than
In the past, Armenians from the Soviet Union
90 percent, according to statistics compiled and
who had no immediate relatives in the United States
released by the United States Department of State
when allowed to leave the country, arrived in
in Washington.
Beirut, Lebanon, where after a residence of a few
The figures show that direct immigration from
months, were allowed to come to the United States
the Soviet Union to the United States rose from 758
as refugees. However, due to the opposition of
in 1973 to 1,079 in 1974, and to 1,162 in 1975. Of the
Armenian political parties which viewed the
total admitted in 1975, 585 were Jews and 455 were
departure of a large number of Armenians from
Armenians. The figures released do not include
Armenia as contrary to the best interests of the
those Armenians from the Soviet Union who
Armenian people, the Lebanese Government ceased
managed to leave the country and then spend a few
issuing visitors' visas to Armenians from Soviet
weeks in a European country and then, after
Armenia who were leaving the country permanent-
becoming eligible for the status of refugees, were
ly. Presently, with the approval of the American
admitted to the United States. The Department of
Embassy in Moscow, these Armenians from Soviet
State has not compiled any figures on persons from
AGBU EMISSARIES. Mr. Alex Manoogian, President of AGBU's
Armenia, upon receiving permission from Soviet
Soviet Armenia who enter the United States as
Board of Directors (2nd from right) is seen flanked by the AGBU
authorities to leave the country permanently, are
emissaries from Lebanon at the recent gathering at the Home of
refugees. The figures compiled are for those who
brought to Rome, Italy, and are placed in a number
Edward Mardigian, L. to r.: Mr. Missak Varjabedian, Mr. Vahe Vahian,
can legally qualify to enter the United States as
Continued on page 16
Mr. Manoogian, and Dr. Dikran Varjabedian.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 27, 1976
Dear Dr. Papazian:
I greatly appreciate your taking the time to
send me information about Armenia and the
Armenian American community. Given your
rather extensive knowledge of Ukrainian
history, the very least I can do is to read
Michael Arlen's Passage to Ararat. It
should be a fine beginning.
Our meeting was most enjoyable and I look
forward to more in the future.
Warmest personal regards,
Sincerely,
GERALD R. LIBRARY FORD
Myron B. Kuropas (Dr.)
Special Assistant to the President
for Ethnic Affairs
Dr. Dennis R. Papazian
Co-Chairman
The Armenian Assembly
522 Twenty-First Street, NW
Suite 120
Washington, D. C. 20006
March 27, 1976
Dear Ed:
Thank you for your March 23 letter, on behalf of Dr.
James R. Tashjian, asking that consideration be given
to proclaiming the week of April 18 as "Armenian-
American Week," during which time the Armenian
Bicontennial amhibition for the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts will be hold.
Your interest in taking special notice of the contributions
of Armenian-Americans to our national life is understood
and approciated. Except in unusual circumstances, though,
it is not customary for the President to issue a proclamation
setting avide a particular period for special observance
unless authorized and requested to do so by the Congress.
Should the Congress take such action with respect to an
"Armenian-American Week," the matter would of course receive
most careful consideration.
I will be pleased to ask that consideration be. given to
having a special Presidential message sent to mark the
observance of this special Bicentennial event.
with kindest regards,
Sincerely,
Max L. Friedersdorf
Assistant to the President
The Honorable Edward J. Dorwinski
House of Representatives
Washington, D. C. 20515
bee: w/incoming to Milt Mitler - for further action
bee: w/incoming to Judy Johnston - FYI
beer w/incoming to Bill Baroody - FYI
MLF:JEB:V0:j1c
EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
4TH DISTRICT, ILLINOIS
1401 LONGWORTH BUILDING 20515
(202) 225-3961
COMMITTEES:
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
SUBCOMMITTEES:
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICES:
9838 SOUTH ROBERTS ROAD
OVERSIGHT
PALOS HILLS, ILLINOIS 60465
POST OFFICE AND CIVIL SERVICE
house of Representatives
(312) 598-6700
SUBCOMMITTEE:
MANPOWER AND CIVIL SERVICE
DIRKSEN BUILDING, RM. 3944
Washington, D.C. 20515
230 SOUTH DEARBORN STREET
INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604
VICE PRESIDENT
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
March 23, 1976
(312) 353-4509
9406 FG ON
Hon. Max Friedersdorf
Assistant to the President
The White House Office
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Max:
I enclose the letter I received from Dr. James H.
Tashjian in which he requests, on behalf of Armenian-
Americans, that the President issue a Proclamation designating
the week of April 18th as "Armenian-American Week".
In addition to recognizing the contributions made
by Armenian-Americans, I believe that such a Proclamation
should be considered from a practical political standpoint.
Since you must keep in mind the fact that the Armenians are
one of the many ethnic groups unhappy with Secretary Kissin-
ger. It is a necessary step to strengthening support for the
President among the entire ethnic community.
Therefore, consistent with your procedures, I hope
that serious consideration will be given this request, and
if at all possible such a Proclamation issued.
Sincerel GO yours,
Edward J. Derwinski, M. C.
EJD/ab
Enc
MAR 4 1976
the ARMENIAN WEEKLY
FOUNDED MARCH 1, 1934
EDITORIAL OFFICES:
212 STUART STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 02116 TEL. 542-3650
March 1, 1976
The Honorable Edward Derwinski
United Statos Representative from Illinois
House of Representatives Office Building
Washington, District of Columbia.
Dear Eddie:
1
As you perhaps know, I recentlyxwith a good deal of reluctance
-
took on the responsibility of chairing the Armenian Bicentennial
effort in this Commonwealth under commission of the Massachusetts
Bicentennial Commission. The thing has become well nigh a full
time enterprise. There is a history of the Armenian experience
with the Commonwealth to be written -- fresh research material--
and a major traveling exhibition to be planned and mounted and
financed. The experience has been trying but it has led me to
understand the many potentials inherent in this Bicentennial
year.
I wonder if we might be able to have the President issue a Pro-
clamation setting aside April 21-22-23-24 as "Armenian American
Day" in the nation? Those will be the days when the Armenian
Exhibition will be open at the State House here, a nd I am most
anxious, for obvious reason, that that span of that week be
indeed given the fullest recognition. We have the Governor here
doing a proclamation, I understand the General Court will also
pass a Resolution, and Mayor White himself will somewhat act.
But I am most eager for President Ford to do something, for
something he must do to recoup, if nothing else, the damage the
Ford-Kissinger policy in re Turkey has done among the Armenian
American (and other) citizenry. This is the political aspect of
it. The more important facet is that such a Proclamation would
be only right, in the light of the very real contributions of
the Armenians to the United States. I would be glad to submit a
smaple resolution embodying some thoughts on what ought to be
said.
At the same time, Ed, I wonder if Congress, both the House and
the Senate, could do something in recognition of the days
suggested above? Resolutions to this effect would I suppose do.
I am honored to be able to ask you to lead/this effort and will
of course do all I can to assist you.
The Massachusetts Bicentennial effort I feel is the principal
thrust of the Armenian effort and ought to be given recognition
because it was State that gave birth to the community nationwide.
this
I wonder if you might be able to find some time to let me hear
your thoughts on the matter. A Presidential Proclamation and a
Republican led-effort in Congress would be both political and
quite properly apropos.
My very best respects.
Dr Tomory H. Tesh
Cordially, yours H. Tasly
FORD
LIBRARY
Dr. Myron D Kuropas
6-18
The White House
Washington, D.C 20500
THE ARMENIAN
ALL THE NEWS
ALL THE NEWS
WORTH
REPORTER
ABOUT
REPORTING
New York's Independent Armenian Newsweekly
ARMENIANS
America's Leading Armenian Newspaper
VOL. IX, NO. 19
Mailing address: P. O. Box 488, Flushing, N.Y. 11355
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1976
Telephone: (212)445-2882
Armenians in Lebanon Resume Community Life
Despite Reservations About Future
NEW, YORK, N.Y. Recent travellers from Leb-
with his 500 well-trained men and heavy equipment.
anon arriving in. the U.S.A. point out that the
The uncertainty in the Lebanese situation is further
situation in that country is far from normal and that
substantiated by the fact that no Government of
pockets of resistence continually threaten the un-
reconciliation has been found yet and the old
certain peace and upset all efforts to form a new
political leaders have returned to power.
government.
A number of traditional political leaders in
In a transatlantic telephone conversation over the
Lebanon who had looked to the Armenians for some
weekend, the Armenian Reporter, established that
help during the civil strife have once again warned
most Armenians feel a deep sense of insecurity and
their Christian fellow-citizens that a new outbreak of
are apprehensive that if there is a new outbreak of
fighting is imminent. Large quantities of heavy
fighting, as many observers anticipate it will within
weaponry are being unloaded and parachuted to
a few months, Armenians will not be spared.
different parts of the country. Many young fanatics
Although normalcy reigns in Armenian areas of
are presently being trained in sabotage and urban
brochamátion
Beirut, most activities ceased in the capital city of
guerrilla warfare in Arab, European, and communist
countries.
Beirut early in the afternoon and people confine
their activities to their immediate neighborhood.
Despite these negative signs and the lack of
Armenians, specially those living in the western
confidence in the future, Armenians have once again
quarters of the city and in the Kantari area avoid
begun extensive community reorganization. For
unnecessary travel after 1:00 p.m. when central
almost a month now, Armenian schools have been
Beirut becomes totally deserted.
reopened, and according to reliable sources in
Beirut, the enrollment has risen to about 80%.
It is believed that the present tranquility in
Armenian newspapers have resumed their
Lebanon is fragile; economic recovery is slow; and a
publication and cultural life is showing signs of
strong feeling of insecurity is prevalent among the
revival. However, enormous financial help is still
population. These feelings are also shared by mem-
needed to pull the community out of its moral and
bers of the Armenian community who came through
economic depression, The affluent Armenian
the 10-month civil strife with minimum losses. The
community in the United States has been quite
general consensus among well-informed Armenians
responsive to the multiple needs of their Lebanese
in the war-torn country is that the present calm is an
brethren, Authoritative sources within Armenian
MAYORAL PROCLAMATION. Mrs. Alice Kavookjian proudly dis-
extended cease-fire and when spring comes, fierce
circles in Lebanon now indicate that they have been
playing the mayoral proclamation declaring Thursday, February 26th
fighting will resume between the two major groups
getting considerable financial assistance from the
as "St. Vartan's Day" in the City of New York, the home of an
of antagonists in this once-prosperous Mediter-
Armenians of Iran who have been able to take
estimated 50,000 Armenians. She is flanked by Mayor Abraham D.
ranean country. As evidence, they point out the
advantage of the economic boom in that oil-rich
Beame, who presented the proclamation to Mr. Haik Kavookjian,
presence of over four divisions of P.L.A. (Palestine
country.
right. The ceremony was witnessed by a select group of New York
Liberation Army) forces in Lebanon, and the
Some estimates put the overall financial need of
Armenians. Later in the day, Mr. Sam Azadian, a high official in the
tolerance exhibited by the Government of Rashid
the Armenians in Lebanon at up to $5 million.
Highways Department of the City, read the mayoral proclamation
Karami toward an outlawed gunman who is a
However, a quick look at the funds raised for the
during a special program held at St. Vartan's Armenian Cathedral
deserter from the Lebanese army, Col. Khatib,
destitute Armenians in Lebanon will reveal that
(Story and additional photos on page 9).
who is openly challenging the Lebanese Government
hardly one tenth of this amount has been collected.
Photo by MADO HAIRABEDIAN
Ankara Blames Armenians for Assassination of Turkish
Diplomat in Beirut-Probable Retaliation Considered
By Edward Babayan, Jr.
detects persistence and a cun-
America have been trying to
ning instinct. But these are not
start some kind of a dialogue
NEW YORK, N.Y. The
the only two characteristics of
with Armenians, as one of them
growing number of political
Turkish diplomacy. In case both
put it, "to resolve some dif-
assassinations perpetrated
of these tactics fail, the Turks
ferences of the past in a friendly
against Turkish officials in Eur-
will resort to blackmail and
manner.' This attempt has been
ope and the Middle East has
violence, as their history readily
received unenthusiastically by
aroused mixed feelings in Turkey
shows.
Armenians, although these
proper. A Turkish Foreign Mini-
In a desperate effort to halt
Turks have doubled their efforts
stry spokesman recently admit-
the growing wave of anti-Tur-
since the beginning of the year.
ted that his country had to face
kish activities in the Diaspora,
Another effort undertaken by
the agonizing fact that Armen-
many observers of post World
official Turkey to prevent fur-
ians in the Diaspora are "acting"
War I Turkish-Armenian rela-
ther attention to "past events"
irresponsibly. This statement
tions admit that the Turks once
(Turks exhibit great sensitivity
was not further elaborated. One
again will hold the remaining
Continued on page 12
grim reality is emerging Arm-
Armenians in Turkey as hostage.
enians in Turkey once again will
The killing of the First Secretary
Violinist Receives
be subjected to tremendous
of the Turkish Embassy in
pressure.
Beirut, Lebanon, last month
Another Prize
It is evident, however, that
convinced the few remaining
the Turks are not sitting idle
Turkish skeptics that Armenians
NEW YORK, N.Y. The noted
while they count their victims.
were indeed responsible for this
violinist Ani Kavafian, was one of
The Ankara Government was
rash of political assassinations.
the four young American instru-
able to contain anti-Turkish pub-
As in the past, the heavy
mentalists who have been award-
licity stemming from the killings
pressure that is expected to be
ed Avery Fisher prizes, recently
of the ambassadors in late Octo-
applied to Armenians living in
established to give major perform-
ber last year, but with this most
modern Turkey will be paral-
ance opportunities to instrument-
A BICENTENNIAL PROJECT. Shown at ground-breaking ceremonies
recent murder, they realize a
leled by a diplomatic offensive in
alists deserving of wider public
for the Armenian Bicentermial Commemoration statue to be located
trend has begun that must be
the Diaspora. On the local level,
recognition.
near the Philadelphia Museum of Art are (1. to r.) John Samelian,
halted, thus preventing the glare
a tightened control over the
The recipient of each prize will
chairman of the Sculpture Committee; the renowned sculptor Khoren
of world attention that would
Armenian community can be
have a debut appearance with the
Der Harootian; and M. George Mooradian, chairman of the Armenian
focus on past atrocities commit-
expected.
New York Philharmonic, $1,000
Bicentennial Commemoration Committee, Inc. Full coverage of these
ted by the Turks.
A number of Turkish jour-
in cash, and up to six perform-
ceremonies will appear in next week's issue of the paper.
Through careful analysis of the
nalists and resident businessmen
ances with orchestras around the
Turkish diplomatic patterns, one
both in Europe and North
nation.
MAR 31 1976
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
3-30-76
TO:
JOHN CALHOUN
TED MARRS
F. DEBACA
PAM POWELL
JEFF EVES
JOHN SHLAES
VIRGINIA KNAUER
WAYNE VALIS
KUROPAS
JOHN VICKERMAN
PAT LINDH
FROM: WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION
FOR YOUR COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS
OTHER:
FORD 074839 LIBRARY
Front Page
Sunday, May 9, 1976
New York Times
ARE
1912 Tapestries Depicting Life In New York Found
By FRED FERRETTI
Special to The New York Times
RADNOR, Pa., May 6-In the two-story-
high all-purpose room of the Armenian Sisters
Academy here children line up for their
school busses, dance and put on plays and
generally take for granted the richly woven,
historical tapestries on the walls around them
depicting events in early New York City.
The tapestries, dominated by deep blues
and pale ochres, were designed by the late
American muralist Albert Herter under an
$850,000 commission from the Harriman
family and completed in the artist's East 33d
Street studio in Manhattan by a team of 60
imported French weavers in 1912.
For vears they hung in the McAlnin Hotel
Front Page
Sunday, May 9, 1976
New York Times
1912 Tapestries Depicting Life In New York Found
By FRED FERRETTI
Special to The New York Times
RADNOR, Pa., May 6-In the two-story-
high all-purpose room of the Armenian Sisters
Academy here children line up for their
school busses, dance and put on plays and
generally take for granted the richly woven,
historical tapestries on the walls around them
depicting events in early New York City.
The tapestries, dominated by deep blues
and pale ochres, were designed by the late
American muralist Albert Herter under an
$850,000 commission from the Harriman
family and completed in the artist's East 33d
Street studio in Manhattan by a team of 60
imported French weavers in 1912.
Fr they hung in the McAlnin Hotel
DR. MYRON B. KUROPAS S
SPECIAL ASST. TO PRESIDENT
LIBRARY
FOR ETHNIC AFFAIRS
THE WHITE HOUSE, WASH. DC 20500
FORD
The California
COURIER
VOL. XVIII, No. 45
THURSDAY, JUNE3 1976
Subscription: $8.00
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 966, Fresno, California 93714
Phone 264-9330
John Toomasian Speaks At Fresno
AGBU Evening School Hantes-Dinner
FRESNO More than 200
parents, grandparents, cousins
and friends crowded into the
Fresno AGBU Center to watch
and hear their children, grand-
children and cousins at the
second annual AGBU Armenian
School Hantes and Dinner.
John Toomasian, president of
the Fresno Unified School
Board and a candidate for
Fresno County Supervisor in
District Three, challenged the
parents and the young to
South westerly view of the new Sanctuary, First Armenian Prebyter-
continue being active in their
ian Church, Fresno.
communities.
Toomasian, a history instruc-
Fresno Presbyterians
tor at Fresno City College,
talked of his youth, of the
To Dedicate New Church
strictness of his parents, and
of the values that they had
passed on to him. And he
FRESNO - The Session and
4 PM followed by a reception
stressed the need for a return
JOHN TOOMASIAN
CANDIDATE JOHN
Congregation have set Sunday,
in the Fellowship Hall. Rev.
to basic education, supporting
candidate for supervisor
June 13, for the dedication
an emphasis on the teaching of
"self-discipline important"
Vartkes Kassouni, pastor of
service of the sanctuary of the
the church, will preside at the
reading, writing and arithmetic.
First Armenian Presbyterian
dedication of the $600,000
After Toomasian's talk,
gratulated the youngsters and
members of the board of
Church on First Street.
structure.
Mrs. Berjouhi Ohanian intro-
their parents and complimented
education.
The service will start at
The sanctuary, the second of
duced the classes and individual
Toomasian for his meaningful
Teachers during the past
a three-phase building project,
members of classes of the
remarks. Father Tashjian
year included Miss Zaroohi
Slaying Perils
includes a pastor's study, a
AGBU School. And what
then sang a new Armenian
Der Mugrdechian, Ara Movses-
bride's room and a nursery
followed was approximately
song, which was well received.
ian, Mrs. Mary Amerian.
Peace Effort
area with windows so persons
one-half hour of recitations by
Allan Y. Jendian, treasurer
Mrs. Ohanian, Mrs. Vera
inside can view the service.
individuals and group, singing
of the school's board of educa-
Erysian, Jirair Jabagchourian,
BEIRUT - The sister of
The main sanctuary will seat
by individuals and groups,
tion, was the emcee, and
Mrs. Eunice Chamichian, and
Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the
250 persons.
and dancing by the older girls.
George Keledjian, principal of
Miss Doris Kasparian, lecture
leftist-Moslem Alliance in
The inspiring church doors
The Very Rev. Father
the evening school, spoke
class coordinator. Mrs. Pat
the Lebanese civil war, was
and windows all depict scenes
Mousheg Tashjian, pastor of
briefly - taking time though
Keledjian was coordinator of
killed May 27 by an uniden-
of Armenian and church
the Hollywood Church, con-
to introduce his staff and
the cooking-class.
tified gunman in her apartment
history. The interior gives a
Members of the board of
in the Christian-controlled
feeling of oneness to those
education include Hagie
sector of Beirut.
sitting in the sanctuary.
LA Ararat Home Picnic Aug. 22
Kandarian, president; Gilbert
Although the murder of Linda
Edward Avedisian, A.I.A.,
Khachadourian, vice president;
Atrash, 55, was immediately
is the architect, and Jessen
LOS ANGELES-The annual
shish kebab dinners as well
Jendian, treasurer; Mrs.
denounced by the leaders of the
Company is the contractor.
Ararat Home Picnic will be
as "other Armenian foods.'
Anoush Chamlian, secretary;
Phlange, the conservative
The third phase of the project
held Sunday, Aug. 22, on the
Besides entertainment and
and Richard Ashton, Dr.
Christian militia that controls
will include a social hall. The
Home grounds, 3730 W. 27th
music, many prizes will also be
Morton (Hovanesian) Johnson
the area, it give rise to fears of
first, the Christian education
Street, in Los Angeles.
offered during the day's
and Keledjian. Mrs. Norma
growing violence here.
center, was completed in 1969.
Robert Shamlian, chairman of
festivities. Shamlian said the
Der Mugrdechian is school
the Ararat Home Board of
picnic is one of many acitivities
secretary, and Mrs. Elaine
Trustees, said the picnic
held during the year in support
Nahigian the refreshment
Ronald Reagan Raps
menu will feature traditional
of the Home and its residents.
coordinator.
Ford's Cyprus Policy
(Editor's Note: The following
of Cyprus in 1960 created
is a position paper issued by
conditions of very difficult
former Governor Ronald
balance between these two
Reagan on Cyprus.)
populations on an island that
is only 40 miles from Turkey
"The continuing tragedy in
and more than 300 miles from
Cyprus is another example of
Greece. (Some 80% of the
the failure of the Kissinger-
Cypriots are Greek; 20%
Ford foreign policy. Their
Turkish.)
policies regarding the con-
"Skillful outside mediation
frontation of our two NATO
was required to prevent a war
allies, Greece and Turkey,
between Greece and Turkey
over Cyprus did not generate
over Cyprus in 1967. Forceful
enough initiative for com-
action enbodied in the negotia-
promise and understanding.
tion by US Presidential envoy
Instead, there was conflict.
Cyrus R. Vance at that time
"There are old and deeply-
did serve to prevent armed
rooted antagonisms between
conflict of the sort that did
PROGRAM OF SONGS The Armenian III class, taught by Mrs.
Greek and Turkish populations
break out in 1974.
Berjouhi Ohanian, offered a number of Armenian songs. Left to
in many areas where they share
"in 1974 the United States
ARI ZAMBAK
right, Vartuhi Madanyan, Annabelle Sarkissian, Caroline Kuljian,
borders. The independence
(Continued on page 2)
a show stopper
Kathy Kuljian, Arlene Handjian, Sonya Kostan and Anne Zambak.
to,
Advance
Page 23
Saturday, September 11, 1976
New York Times
OF
0
Armenians Give Historic Tapestries To New York
By FRED FERRETTI
A collection of 21 tapestries depicting his-
toric New York events, the work of the late
American muralist, Albert Herter, are going
to be given to New York by an Armenian
school in Pennsylvania as a "Bicentennial
thank you gift" at a banquet at the Waldorf-
Astoria on November 28.
The Armenian Sisters Academy in Radnor,
Pa., a suburb of Philadelphia, was given the
tapestries by John Korenian, of California,
who had collected them over a period of 20
years.
Page 23
Saturday, September 11, 1976
New York Times
Armenians Give Historic Tapestries To New York
By FRED FERRETTI
A collection of 21 tapestries depicting his-
toric New York events, the work of the late
American muralist, Albert Herter, are going
to be given to New York by an Armenian
school in Pennsylvania as a "Bicentennial
thank you gift" at a banquet at the Waldorf-
Astoria on November 28.
The Armenian Sisters Academy in Radnor,
Pa., a suburb of Philadelphia, was given the
tapestries by John Korenian, of California,
who had collected them over a period of 20
years.
The gift was disclosed in the New York
Times in May. Since then, prominent Arme-
nians from throughout the United States have
The Armenian Assembly
522 TWENTY-FIRST STREET, N.W., SUITE 120
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006
PHONE: (202) 833-1367
National
Steering
Committee
Co-Chairman
Robert A. Kaloosdian (1977)
Boston, MA
March 10, 1976
Co-Chairman
Dennis R. Papazian (1977)
Detroit, MI
Secretary
Avedis K. Sanjian (1979)
FORD
Los Angeles, CA
Treasurer
&
Harry A. Sachaklian (1977)
Washington, DC
Dr. Myron Kuropas,
Counselor
Special Assistant to the
SERALD
Yervant Azadian (1977)
Detroit, MI
President for Ethnic Affairs
Counselor
The White House
Haig Der Manuelian (1977)
Washington, D.C. 20500
Boston, MA
Ralph L. Baker (1976)
Dear Myron:
Oakland, CA
Lionel S. Galstaun (1976)
Hratch Aprahamian, Edward Boghosian and I want to
New York, NY
Garo H. Garabedian (1976)
thank you for inviting us to attend your special
Boston, MA
White House Ethnic Community Briefing of March 9.
Hirair S. Hovnanian (1976)
Deal, NJ
We found both sessions, the morning domestic dis-
Vartkes M. Kassouni (1976)
cussions and the afternoon State Department brief-
Fresno, CA
George K. Mandossian (1979)
ings, to be interesting and enlightening. The
Pasadena, CA
topics were well chosen.
Michael Minasian (1979)
Montebello, CA
Please thank the President for including the
Hagop J. Nersoyan (1979)
Dayton, OH
Armenians on the invitation list. We appreciate
Percy W. Sarkisian (1979)
his interest.
Detroit, MI
Cordially,
Dennis Pajan
Co-Chairman
CC:
Robert A. Kaloosdian
Co-Chairman
Hratch Aprahamian
Edward Boghosian
Enclosures
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
5889
ADMINISTRATIVELY
October 22, 1976
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR MYRON KUROPAS
FROM:
Jeanne W. Davis mut
for
SUBJECT:
Message for Armenian-Americans
With reference to your memorandum of October 22 to Mr. Clift
of this staff, from the standpoint of foreign policy we would recommend
against a message by the President to Armenian-Americans. However,
should the President wish to send a message to Armenian-Americans,
we believe it should parallel messages sent earlier this year. The
proposed message attached to your memorandum would be inappropriate.
In the event a decision is taken to send a message, we would appreciate
the opportunity to clear the text.
ALD R.FORD LIBRARD
Determined to be an
Administrative Marking
ADMINISTRATIVELY
CONFIDENTIAL
By
NARA, Date
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 22, 1976
FOR:
Dennis Clift
FROM: Myron Kuropas MK
SUBJECT: Armenian Question
The attached message from Jimmy Carter is for your perusal
and review.
The Armenians woud like to have a similar statement and have
provided a modest sample of what they would like.
Your guidance would be appreciated.
GERALD R. FORD LIBRARY
The statement received by telephone.
The text will be available by mail.
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
THE HISTORY OF THE ARMETIA EXTENDING OVER THREE THOUSAND YEARS IS ONE OF
H
SURVIVAL AGAINST OVERWELLMING ODDS VICTORY OVER OPRESERS, AND TRAGIC HUMAN
SUFFERINGS.
THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE HAVE CONSTANTLY DENONSTRATED THE INDOMITABLE SPIRIT
AND DEDICATION TO THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM AS EXAMPLIFIED BY THE CREATION OF
THE REPUBLIC, FOLOWING 1915 - 1917 BLOOD BATH.
AN ESTIMATED ONE AND HALF MILLION PERSONS WERE MURDERED DURING THE
" FIRST GENOCIDE OF THE 20th. CENTUERY. "
EVENTHOUGH THE TRAGEDIES OF THE HISTORY HAS NOT BEEN CORRECTED, ARMENIANS
CONTINUE TO MAINTAIN THEIR CULTURE, AND STRONG DESIRE FOR FREEDOM.
TODAY A SMALL PORTION OF HISTORICAL ARMENIA HELD BY USSR IS THE
ARMENAIN SOCIALIST SOVIET REPUBLIC, WHILE ITS REMAINING TERRITORY
The
IS PART OF h TURKEY.
I FULLY SYMPATHIZE WITH THE PLIGHT OF THE ARMENTAN PEOPLE, AND
UNDERSTAND THEIR DESIRE TO BE FREE ONCE MORE.
MOREOVER I VIGOROUSLY SUPPORT RATIFICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL
GENOCIDE TREATY. THE TIME HAS COME FOR THE WORLD TO RECOGNIZE
THE USE OF GENOCIDE AS A NATIONAL POLICY BY ANY NATION IS A
CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY WHICH MUST BE CONDEINED.
I ALSO RECOGNIZED THAT ARMENTANS HAVE MADE GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS
TO THE INTELECTUAL*- CULTURAL LIFE OF THE UNITED STATES, AND
INDEED, IT HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE WORLD CULTURE,
THROUGHOUT THE CENTURIES. THAT THEY, AND THEIR NATIONS HISTORY,
DESERVES MORE ATTENTION FROM OUR GOVERNMENT AND FROM ALL OUR
CITIZENS ACROSS THE NATION.
AS THE LEADER OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, THE PARTY OF WOODROW WILSON,
SS
A MAN WHO SHOWED COMPATION FOR ARMENIAN PEOPLE AT THE TIMES WHEN
THEY WERE SUBJECTED TO EXTREME INJUSTICE,
I WILL INSURE THAT THE VOICE OF THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE WILL BE HEARD
AND THAT SUCH IMPORTANT ISSUES AS ASSISTANCE TO ARMENIANS IN LEBANAN
ARE SYMPATHETICALLY CONSIDERED.
BUT TO ACHIEVE THIS OBJECTIVES I WILL NEED BOTH THEIR SUPPORT,
AND GUIDENCE.
JIMMY
CARTER
DEPARTMENT
PROPOSED STATEMENT - PRESIDENT FORD
DEPALD
0604
A Message to the Armenian People:
As a congressman from a state with a substantial Armenian-American
population, I became familiar with these proud and industrious
people and came to admire their contributions to the cultural, social,
economic, and political life of my home state and of our nation.
It was, therefore, with understanding and a sense of close friendship
with Americans of Armenian ancestry that in 1965 - on April 29 - I
took the floor of the House to make the following statement on the
commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Genocide perpetrated
against the Armenian people by the government of the Ottoman Turkish
Empire:
"In taking special notice of the shocking events in 1915, we
observe this anniversary with sorrow in recalling the massacres
of Armenians and with pride in saluting those brave patriots
who survived the attacks to fight on the side of freedom during
World War I.
"The stouthearted Armenian people who escaped the terror, murder,
and carnage set an example for the free world by their devotion
to the cause of freedom and by their tremendous personal sacrifices.
"I join my colleagues in pausing to extend our deep sympathy to
thousands of Americans whose Armenian fore-fathers fought for free-
dom with our war Allies and who have given so much of themselves
to make this a better country, and a strong one."
When I made this statement saluting the survival of the Armenian people
and taking note of the Armenian contributions to America, I was, of
course, aware that Turkey was an ally of the United States, just as I
am aware that today, despite some problems, there are defense and
security considerations linking Turkey to theUnited States.
However, I firmly believe that no ally of the United States would
expect this government or any of its agencies to deny or misrepresent
historic realities simply because of that government's sensibilities
regarding those events, any more than I would expeat anyone else to
avoid mention of our own past history of slavery or other topics that
may be unpleasant to Americans.
I assure the Armenian-American community that I will never knowingly
allow any agency of the United States government to initiate, partici-
pate in, or support in any way efforts by any foreign government to
influence U.S. domestic affairs or alter statements intended for
domestic use, no matter how much we may value that government's friend-
ship. To do otherwise, especially in the case of the genocide of the
Armenians, would be to appear to condone those acts, something we can
not ever do. Indeed, all people must recognize that the toleration of
Genocide and its acceptance as a "solution" to any problem leads only
to its repeated use, just as the world's indifference to the Armenian
2.
Genocide and its aftermath led Hitler to cite it as a precedent
and justification for his own crimes. The use of Genocide as an
instrument of national policy - by any nation at any time - is a
crime against all humanity.
Specifically, if I am elected, I will ensure that proper structural
adjustments are made in the State Department and channels of communi-
cation created to allow a more adequate exchange of information and
concerns between this government and the dispersed Armenian nation
throughout the world, whose friendship we must seek and cherish as
we do that of any established nation.
Our foreign policy planners must consider the fact that the Genocide
of the Armenians by the Turks in 1915 has very real and immediate
contemporary implications that havealready involved the United States
and require serious consideration in the short-range future. The
"Armenian Question" is very much alive throughout the world, and many
thousands of Armenian-Americans are lending their active support to
the pursuit of Armenian political and territorial demands. For our
State Department to continue to ignore that fact would be simply unreal-
istic and counterproductive.
I promise the Armenian people throughout the world and my fellow
Americans of Armenian ancestry that, if our government has been at all
neglectful or insensitive regarding Armenian concerns and needs in
recent years, we are entering a new era of open and frank communication
of benefit toall of us.
GERALD
ARMENIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
212 STUART STREET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02116 TEL. (617) 426-9842
FORD
LISRARY
2.
GREATO
TO: U. S. Department of State
FROM: Armenian National Committee
SUBJECT: Proposed Consumer Representation Plan of the Department
of State
REFERENCE: Federal Register, Wednesday, November 26, 1975, 55205-55209
I. INTRODUCTION
As an organization representing the political, community, and
social concerns of hundreds of thousands of Americans of Armenian
heritage, we have the following comments to make on the above-cited
Federal Register.
II. GENERAL COMMENTS
There are a number of parts of the plan in which specific mention
of legitimate ethnic interests and organizations should be made. These
include "Consumer Correspondence and Complaints" (A.3.), "Public
Interest Groups" (A.4.) under Information Input, as well as certain
sections under Information Output (1. General, 4. Miscellaneous, and
5. Individual Requests) and particularly Recommendations A.4 and A.5.
That is, it is essential that the State Department recognize and
acknowledge that the "public interest groups" with which the
Department deals legitimately and appropriately include, not only
the "Canoe Cruisers Association," but established ethnic organizations -
Armenian, Greek, Jewish, Italian, or whatever.
This recognition is particularly important in view of what has
been unfortunately (and hopefully inaccurately) portrayed as a
hostility to such interests (or perhaps worse, a highly selective
receptiveness). We do not believe that this image is intended. The
Consumer Representation Plan is an opportunity to correct that image
by making specific mention of ethnic organizations and of the ethnic
press and media and specifically provide means of access for this
segment of the public.
The following examples, from our own experience, provide some
support for our argument that the Department needs to give special
attention to this highly sensitive area, which has not always been
adequately handled in the past.
CANADA
ENGLAND
FRANCE
GREECE
IRAN
LEBANON
SOUTH AMERICA
2.
III. THE STORY OF HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION # 148
The Congressional Quarterly, Page 760, April 12, 1975, reported
the following:
"The House April 8 passed a joint resolution (H J Res 148)
to designate April 24, 1975, as 'National Day of Remembrance
of Man's Inhumanity to Man,' commemorating the 60th anniversary
of the 1915 massacre of Armenians by the Turks. The bill
sponsored by Majority Leader Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., (D Mass.)
and Henry Helstoski (D-N.J.), was passed by a 332-55 vote
under suspension of the rules, a procedure that requires a
two-thirds majority vote for passage. (Vote 70, p. 762).
"H J Res 148 requested the President to issue a proclamation
LIBRARY
calling for observance of April 24 'as a day of remembrance
for all victims of genocide, especially those of Armenian
at
ancestry who succumbed to the genocide perpetrated in 1915
A reference to Turkey was deleted from the bill at the request of
GIVH3D
the State Department, which contended it might interfere with
current negotiations with that country."
In the same vein, the Washington Post of April 12, 1975, printed
the following analysis by Bill Brojarsky of the Los Angeles Times News
Service (extracted here for brevity):
"The resolution declared April 24 a 'Nation Day of
Remembrance of Man's Inhumanity to Man.'
In these days of overwhelming inhumanity, the idea did
not seem controversial.
But it took a State Department rewrite job and a long
debate consuming 7 1/2 pages in the Congressional Record -
before the House passed the resolution, 332 to 55.
As first drafted, the resolution asked the President to
declare the day of remembrance especially in memory of the
hundreds of thousands of Armenians massacred by the Turks
in 1915.
But when the State Department heard of the resolution,
it asked O'Neill to strike out any reference to the Turks.
'We found the whole resolution to be undesirable in connection
with our relationship to Turkey,' explained a department official.
He noted that the Turks are already angry at the United States
because Congress stopped arms sales to Ankara in anger over
Turkey's invasion of Cyprus and its subsequent defeat of the
Greek Cypriots.
3.
'No one down here doubts the depth of feeling of our
citizens of Armenian descent,' the State Department official
said. But he said bringing the 1915 incident up again might
further damage relations with Turkey, which is already
wondering whether to order the United States to abandon
key Turkish bases.
O'Neill struck out the name 'Turkey.'
The resolution now called for observance of a day of
remembrance 'for all the victims of genocide, especially
those of Armenian ancestry who succumbed to the genocide
perpetrated in 1915, and in whose memory this date is
commemorated by all Armenians and their friends throughout
the world.'
Rep. John Rousselot, a conservative California Republican,
demanded an explanation when the resolution came up for a vote.
Turning to Rep. David Henderson (D-N.C.) who was managing the
resolution for the absent O'Neill, he said, 'can the gentleman
tell us why it was necessary to strike Turkey? I thought that
is what this was all about. Who are we deceiving by striking
Turkey?'
LEARNA
Henderson replied the State Department contended 'it could
possibly interfere with delicate negotiations going on at
this time.
'I assume the gentleman means our State Department and not
the Turkish State Department,' said Rousselot."
As Chairman of the Sub-Committee which had considered the resolution,
Mr. Henderson was reported in the Congressional Record (H 2510, April 8,
1975) as saying the following:
"With the consent of the Speaker and the majority leader,
the joint resolution was put on for consideration today.
We have amended the resolution by striking two words in
the resolution, which are 'in Turkey.' This amendment
resulted from objections of the State Department set
forth in"a letter which was transmitted to us yesterday.
This has been acceptable to the sponsor of the resolution
and those Members who are most interested in designating
April 24 a commemorative day as explained."
Congressmen O'Neill and Helstoski had apparently anticipated
such a problem, as evidenced by the following exerpt from a letter
co-signed by the two (dated February 21, 1975) and circulated to
all Members of Congress:
"This resolution is particularly important in light of
what transpired at the March 6, 1974, meeting of the
United Nations Human Rights Commission. During the
consideration of the historical survey to be contained
in a Report on Gendcide being prepared by the Sub-Commission
on the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of
Minorities, the Commission acquiesced to a request by the
Turkish Representative to delete from the study the brief
reference (paragraph 30) to the 1915 Armenian genocide.
We must not allow the 1915 atrocities to be relegated
to oblivion because there is no Armenia in the United
Nations to represent the Armenian people. There is
ample historical evidence of the deliberate attempt
to exterminate the Armenian Nation which cannot and
should not be ignored."
Yet, despite the overwhelming evidence to which the honorable
congressmen referred, the State Department had indeed put itself in the
indefensible and probably uncomfortably embarassing position of
attempting to cover up or throw a cloud over a historic reality of
significance to many Americans, simply in order to placate a foreign
power.
IV. THE MC CLOSKEY AFFAIR
Although Secretary Kissinger, in a recent Detroit press conference,
denied State Department pressure on this matter, the above quotes
clearly indicate that such pressure existed. This pressure is typified
by the letter to which Congressman Henderson referred. The text of
that letter, dated April 7, 1975, and by Robert J. McCloskey, Assistant
Secretary for Congressional Relations, clearly stated State Department
objection to a resolution memorializing over one and a half million
victims of this century's first genocide and included the following
particularly objectionable sentence:
"The Government and people of Turkey are extraordinarily
sensitive to any action from abroad which can be construed
as interference in Turkey's affairs or as official or quasi-
official censure of acts which are alleged to have occurred
in Turkey, even in the remote past, and would interpret
adoption of H J Resolution 148 as evidence of hostility to
Turkey by the Congress."
Thus, Mr. McCloskey went beyond simply pointing out Turkey's
sensitivity to the truth about its past and by using the phrase,
"acts which are alleged to have occurred attempts to case
doubt on a historic fact which is as real as the Genocide of the
Jews two decades later, and, in fact, served as a precedent for
that crime.
5.
Gentlemen and Ladies, we are capable of understanding that
certain actions such, as this resolution, may have international
repercussions with which the State Department may be appropriately
concerned. However, as American citizens and, therefore, as consumers
(individually and as a so-called "special interest group"), we are
concerned about where the line is drawn to insure that foreign interests
do not interfere with AMERICAN rights, i.e., consumer rights. To point
out a possible repercussion, in this case, may have been appropriate.
To avoid the term genocide or even massacre (as State Department
spokesmen always do) and, worse still, to engage in a cover-up (as
Mr. McCloskey did) amounts to the sub-ordination of truth and, there-
fore, of our rights as consumers and taxpayers to some other perceived
advantage. A consumer office must be constantly and vigilantly aware
of these lines.
V. THE UNANSWERED CORRESPONDENCE
On May 5, 1975, the United Committee for the 60th Anniversary of
the Genocide of the Armenians wrote to Secretary Kissinger objecting
to Mr. McCloskey's letter. On May 27, 1975, Nelson C. Ledsky, Deputy
Director of the Office of Southern European Affairs, wrote an entirely
unsatisfactory response to the United Committee protest. The Ledsky
letter, for instance fails to address at all the main objection,
namely, McCloskey's reference to "acts alleged to have occurred."
For this reason and because of the tone of the Ledsky letter, the
United Committee later (September 17, 1975) wrote to Secretary Kissinger
(following his visit to Auschwitz) and sought a more personal and
satisfactory response, particularly to the issue of McCloskey's language
and to certain other specific related questions. That letter remains
not only unanswered, but unacknowledged, despite several reminders,
including a telegram dated December 11, 1975, which has been confirmed
(by Western Union) as being received at the State Department.
We are frankly at a loss to understand why correspondence from
any American organization should be ignored in this manner. Clearly,
the State Department is in need of much greater emphasis on the
timely and sensitive processing of consumer complaints.
The Armenian Assembly
522 21st St, NW, Suite 120
Washington D C 20006
THE
ARMENIAN OBSERVER
Vol. VI, No. 1 2 WEDNESDAY, March 3, 1976,
6646 Hollywood Blvd Hollywood, Ca 90028 - tel (213) 467-6767
Detroit Community $100,000
for Lebanese-Armenian: Relief Fund
DETROIT - The AGBU and
uted $10,000. The Detroit Com-
guest speaker at these functions,
the Armenian Church of Amer-
mittee was asked to match those
made a moving appeal for sup-
ica have joined their efforts in
contributions and meet a quota
port to the destitute Lebanese
the U.S.A. and Canada to pro-
of $120,000.
Armenians.
vide relief assistance to the Leb-
Under the dynamic leadership
Present at the party were also
anese Armenian community,
of Mr. Martin Apkarian, the
Dr. Dicran Varjabedian and his
which was a victim of the recent
Committee Chairman and Father
brother, Sissak Varjabedian, who
civil strife. Quotas for each city
Paren Avedekian, Co-chairman,
also made some remarks.
in the U.S.A. and Canada have
the Committee has already lined
The host, Mr. Edward Mar-
been assigned, and Committees
up a number of fund raising af-
digian, stated that the American
have been formed to meet those
fairs, and the prospects seem
Armenians had a privileded pos-
quotas.
very promising.
ition by being among the con-
Detroit is the first city to
The first affair in that series
tributors rather than the des-
On a recent visit of President Ford to San Francisco, both Mr. and
come forth with positive results.
was a cocktail party which took
titute, and he appealed to the
Mrs. George Mardikian were invited to a reception as friends. Mr.
It was already in the news that
place at Mr. and Mrs. Mardigian's
audience to share the benefits
Mardikian (second from right) asked President Ford to meet his
Mr. Alex Manoogian, Internat-
lovely home in Birmingham,
that they had been enjoying in
"other President", Mr. Arch Monson, the National President of the
ional President of the AGBU
Michigan, on Wednesday, Feb-
this great country with their
Boy Scouts of America. This was a great meeting because all three
had donated $50,000 and Mr.
ruary 11. Attending were about
overseas brethren.
gentlemen are Eagle Schouts, the highest rank in Scouting; and,
Edward Mardigian, General
50 people.
Mr. Alex Manoogian, who is
all three are also wearers of the Silver Buffalo, Scouting's highest
Chairman of the ad hoc fund
After a warm hospitality, Mr.
always well informed of the
award. Mrs. Mardikian looks on, wearing her Nefertiti pin,
raising committee had contrib-
Martin Apkarian thanked every-
organizational, financial, edu-
one present for their attendance
cational, and social situation of
and appreciated their coming to
the overseas Armenians, gave
Vahe Vahian Reports on Lebanon
the affair, being well aware that
some facts and figures regarding
each couple had to contribute
the enormous needs of the Leb-
Armenians, the human losses have been com-
$1,000 during that party. The
anese Armenians in the after-
NOTE: Mr. Vahe Vahian, a prominent
paratively small about 200 killed and 300 wound-
prominent poet and educator,
math of the recent tragedy.
poet and educator, is currently visiting the
ed. The material losses, however, are enormous.
Mr. Vahé-Vahian, who was in-
The audience was very res-
United States and Canada upon the invita-
Approximately $200,000,000 were lost to rob-
vited from Beirut to be the
Please Turn to Page 9
tion of the AGBU Central Board of Dir-
beries, fire, arson, and destruction of shops, fac-
ectors. Mr. Vahian is touring the Armenian
tories, and houses.
Dr. Dennis Papazian Visits with
communities and is helping fund raising
How many relief organizations currently are
activities in those communities. He is an
at work among the Armenians? What is the
President Ford's Special Assistant
Myun, Thank youth the
A
milation
ap.
ND
LIBRARY
DENNIS R. PAPAZIAN, Ph. D.
The Armenian Assembly
522 Twenty-First Street, N.W., Suite 120
Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 833-1367
Dr. Dennis Papazian Visits with
President Ford's Special Assistant
Washington, D.C. Special
Papazian had about the Ukraine,
Assistant to the President for
and expressed his own deep
Ethnic Affairs, Dr. Myron
interest in learning more about
Kuropas, invited Dr. Dennis R.
the Armenians, and said he
Papazian, who along with
would accept from the Ar-
Robert A. Kaloosdian is Co-
menian Assembly a set of books
Chairman of the Armenian As-
Please Turn to Page 10
sembly, to a meeting at his
office in the Executive Office
Building of the White House on
Armenian Case'
Tuesday, 24 February 1976.
Dr. Kuropas, who is of
Will be Shown
Ukranian origin, explained that
he was eager to learn more about
Again, March 21
the Armenians in America and
LOS ANGELES - Due to
their interests and aspiration. He
an overwhelming response,
told of the President's interest in
"The Armenian Case" docu-
ethnic Americans and expressed
mentary film will be shown
his own belief that people of
again Sunday, March 21, at
various ethnic backgrounds were
3 p.m. at Pasadena Civic
just coming to their own in
Auditorium.
making a contribution on a
General admission will be
national scale to the American
$5.00. Children under 12,
political system.
$2.00
Dr. Papazian, who had writ-
Narrated by TV Star Mike
ten his doctoral dissertation on
Connors, the film provides
Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov, a
a sweep of Armenian history
famous Ukranian nationalistic
with a rare glimpse into the
hero, showed a keen interest in
life, of the Armenian com-
Ukranians in America. Kuropas
munity on the eve of the
explained his pleasure at the
genocide.
extensive knowledge which Dr.
LIBRARY
FORD
GERALD
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARMENIAN STUDIES, CULTURE AND HERITAGE
Board of Directors
THE PURPOSES OF NAASR
National Association for
Armenian Studies and Research, Inc.
175 Mt. Auburn Street
1) To foster and promote Armenian studies through scholar-
ship, research, and publication;
Cambridge, Mass. 02138
I will make a total commitment of $
for
2) To work for the establishment of endowed professorships,
the Souvenir Book, membership, and/or contributions as
indicated on the reverse side.
fellowships, scholarships, departments, and courses of
instruction in Armenian studies at American colleges, uni-
Enclosed is $
and the balance will be remitted
versities, and other institutions of higher learning;
according to the completed schedule.
Signed:
3) To solicit and administer funds and to cooperate with
Print Name
universities, foundations, and similar organizations for the
advancement of Armenian studies and research; and
Address
City
State
Zip
4) To sponsor and promote educational, cultural, and other
Please make check payable to N.A.A.S.R., Inc., or as above.
activities and projects for the realization of the purposes
All contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
and objectives of the Association.
Armenian Studies in America
and Service on Behalf of
20 Years of Achievement
Armenian Studies and Research
National Association For
1955-1975
ANNIVERSARY
20th
NAASR
NAASR
NAASR
LIBRARY
GERALD
K
TWENTY YEARS OF ACHIEVEMENT
SUPPORT OF NAASR PROGRAMS
On the occasion of NAASR's 20th Anniversary Year
As the only nationwide organization dedicated to the
I would like to support its objectives and programs in
advancement of Armenian studies and culture, NAASR
one or more of the following ways:
has already achieved the following during its 20-year
history through America's foremost institutions of higher
SOUVENIR BOOK with History of NAASR (to be printed
learning and through a multi-faceted program in sup-
and released later in year.)
port of research, scholarship, and publications:
Reserve space ( ) or make a contribution ( ) as
checked:
Endowment of Permanent Chairs of Armenian Studies
Full Page $500
1/8 Page
$75
at Harvard University and University of California,
½ Page
250
1/16 Page
50
Los Angeles.
1/4 Page
125
2 Lines
25
Funding of full-time Programs in Armenian Studies at
Check here if advertising copy enclosed ( ) or to be
Columbia University and University of Massachusetts,
sent later ( ). Page size: 8" X 10".
Amherst.
Deadline for Souvenir Book: October 1.
Support of other programs and courses in Armenian
CONTRIBUTION FOR PERMANENT ENDOWMENT FUND
Studies at numerous other institutions of higher edu-
FOR ADVANCEMENT OF ARMENIAN STUDIES
cation in the United States.
$20
$20,000
Establishment of a permanent endowment Fund for
$200
$200,000
the Advancement of Armenian Studies in support of
$2,000
Other: $
academic programs, research, fellowships, scholar-
Payable in 1 ( ), 2( ), 3( ), or more ( ) years
ships, publications, libraries, conferences, exhibits,
informational services, etc., with over $55,000 dis-
according to following schedule:
bursed to date for such projects and activities.
Acquisition of permanent Headquarters Building with
offices, library, book distribution center, and meeting
MEMBERSHIP IN NAASR
facilities.
Renewal for 1975
Sponsorship of conferences and institutes on various
Reinstatement (for those whose membership has
lapsed 3 or more years)
aspects of Armenian Studies: Armenian Language
New Membership (send application form)
(1964), Armenian History and Culture (Summer Insti-
All members will receive NAASR's new semi-annual
tute, Harvard University, 1966), Armenian Studies in
Journal of Armenian Studies.
the U.S. (1969), Modern Armenian History (1970),
Authority and Democracy in Armenian Society (1971),
Check Membership Rate Desired Below:
Armenian Studies and Instruction (1973), Armenian
$15.00 Regular
Studies in the 20th Century (1975).
$10.00 Student (Full-time only; School:
)
Establishment of exchange program for publications
$10.00 Senior Citizen (65 or over; Age:......)
and other activities with Academy of Sciences in
$30.00 Supporting*
Yerevan.
$50.00 Sustaining*
$100.00 Sponsor*
Organizing Armenian Heritage Tours to Historic and
$500.00 Patron*
Modern Armenia (1967, 1969, 1974).
$375.00 Life (Open only for members in good
Operation of Armenian Book Clearing House offering
standing continuously 10 or more years.)
for sale over 250 publications in English on Armenian
*Bonus book available (Check one):
history, culture, and language and related subjects.
The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and
Caucasus — Burney and Lang (Praeger; $15.00)
Establishment of Armenian Reference and Research
Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480;
Library with over 3000 volumes and periodicals.
A Source for Middle Eastern History - Sanjian
(Harvard, $11.00)
Founding of Armenian Heritage Press for the publica-
PARTICIPATION
tion of popular and scholarly works and translations
and a Journal of Armenian Studies.
I wish to participate in local NAASR activities.
Please let me know how I can help.
PRICE CHANGES (Cont.)
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7.50
6.25
-
-
C9
Armenian Christology & Islam
6.00
5.00
Genocide/Boyajian
H10c Martyrdom & Rebirth
3.50
3.50
-
Armenia: Cradle of Civilization
16.95
13.50
H10p Martyrdom & Rebirth
2.50 2.50
C27 Armenian Church-Brief Outline
1.00
1.00
H4O
-
C20 Armenian Church/Dowling
10.00
9.25
H65
Armenia in Period of Justinian
30.00
27.50
LO
H54 The Medes and Persians/Culican
8.50
8.50
-
C21 Armenian Church/Fortescue
20.00
18.25
H23
Armenia on Road to Independence
12.75
11.50
H44 Middle East: Temple of Janus
8.95
7.50
-
-
C25 Armenian Church/Gulesserian
.50
H15
Armenia:Travels & Studies (2 v.) 30.00
25.00
H32 The Near East: A Modern History
10.00
9.00
.50
-
-
—
C26 Arm. Evangelical Reformation
5.75
4.95
H2
Arm.Communities in Syria/Sanjian 12.00
11.00
H47 The Parthians/Golledge
8.50 7.50
-
-
C19 Arm. Version of Athanasius/Egan
14.00
12.95
H61
The Armenian Community/Atamian
4.50
4.50
H56 Peoples of the Hills/Burney-Lang 15.00 13.50
-
-
C16
Athanasius/Thomson
10.50
9.50
H38 The Armenian Massacre
1.25
1.25
H35
Pre-Ottoman Turkey/Cahen
12.95
10.75
-
-
-
C1 Century of Arm. Protestantism
.75
.75
H79c Arm. Question & Int'l. Law
10.00
9.00
H43 Protestant Diplomacy & Near East 13.50 12.50
-
-
H79p
"
"
"
"
1.00
7.50
6.75
C28 The Christian Literature & Fine
1.00
H67c Recent Studies in Mod. Arm. Hist. 6.95 6.25
-
-
H3 Arm. Revolutionary Movement
7.00
6.50
H67p
"
=
"
4.95
4.50
Arts of the Armenians
-
H36 The Armenians/Der Nersessian
8.50
7.50
LO C10 Church of Armenia/Ormanian
15.00
15.00
LO H31 Reform in Ottoman Empire/Davison 15.00 15.00
—
C12 Faith of the Armenian Church
2.50
2.50
H4 Armenians in Byzantine Empire
1.75
1.75
H63 Republic of Armenia-I:1918-19 15.00 13.50
-
-
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
A PROPOSAL TO HELP BRING STABILITY TO LEBANON BY
GIVING AID TO THE ARMENIAN SCHOOL SYSTEM
The United States has a strong interest in maintaining
stability in the Middle East. This statement is SO true that
it need not be elucidated further. The most immenent danger,
however, to this stability at the present time is the communal
and class warfare taking place in Lebanon. The danger inherent
to the U.S. in this civil war, which has lasted nearly a year, is
exacerbated by the ties which the various internal elements have
with outside powers. This civil conflict, therefore, is fraught
with the danger of growing into a larger conflict that might
involve the United States and its allies.
It is in the best interest of the United States to restore
peace and bring stability to Lebanon. This proposition is
already well accepted by our government and much is already being
done. The United States government, through various means and
channels, is attempting to be a moderating and mediating force
in the present civil struggle. The United States is also working
with other governments in the area, seeking to bring the fighting
to a speedy conclusion; and, it has plans for reconstruction, once
the fighting has stopped and the political issues settled.
The pro-Western stance of Lebanon is vital to the best
interest of the United States in the Middle East. The United
States, accordingly, is not only interested in bringing peace
to the area, but also in re-establishing the delicately balanced
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infrastructure of Lebanese society which is essential if Lebanon
is to return to the pro-American sphere.
The presence of the Armenian community in Lebanon is vital.
to the pro-Western orientation of that country.
First, the Armenian community represents a significant
portion of the total Lebanese population. The total population
of Lebanon is approximately 3,000,000, and the Armenians make
up some 350,000 of that figure representing, therefore, some 11%
of the total population. Since most of the Armenians are concen-
trated in the cities, they make up some 20% of the total population
of Beirut.
Secondly, the Armenians make up a large portion of the
pro-American commercial middle class. The Armenians are an
important element in the Lebanese cities, even though many of
them live in the villages and small towns of that country. The
city dwellers are concentrated in the professions, commerce and
manufacturing; and their well-being is closely tied to manufac-
turing, international commerce and tourism. These commercial
functions, in order to be successful, depend on close relations
with the West.
Thirdly, the Armenians have close personal and emotional
ties to the United States. Almost every Armenian Family in Lebanon
has relatives in the U.S. Many of these ties reach back to common
origins in the old homeland. But perhaps even more of them are
related to recent immigration to the U.S. on the part of many
young Lebanese-Armenians. Furthermore, most of the Armenians in
GERAL
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Lebanon, for various reasons, speak English. They read American
newspapers and magazines, deal with American companies, and
communicate with relatives in America. They have, over the years,
developed a strong pro-American orientation.
Fourthly, the Armenians are a strong element working for
peace and harmony in Lebanon. Traditionally, since the independ-
ence of Lebanon, the Armenians as a whole, and particularly
their members in Parliament, have been a balancing force between
the Christians and Muslims. As is well-known, the Armenian
community has maintained an armed neutrality during the recent
fighting. Their religious sympathies have been with the Christian
element, but they understand very well that some political reforms
must be brought about in order to satisfy the just grievances of
the reform-minded Muslims. The Armenians have been active in
proposing peace formulae for the reorganization of the government
and reform of the electoral system. The neutrality of the Armenians
has generally been respected by all factions.
The Armenian community in Lebanon is eager to remain in that
country and to see it restored as a multi-confessional secular
state with a pro-American orientation. They continue to have
faith that peace and prosperity can be restored. Their willing-
ness to stick it out may change as time progresses and no relief
is obtained. It would be a tragedy of the first magnitude to
have the complex infrastructure of Lebanon shattered by having
the Armenian element leave. The policy of the United States
government, therefore, should be to try and maintain the peaceful,
neutral and constructive Armenian element in war-torn Lebanon.
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E
One of the ways the United States government can encourage
the Armenians to remain in Lebanon is to give them some much
needed humanitarian aid and relief.
The Armenian community has suffered great deprivation during
the civil strife. Even though the Armenians have remained neutral,
in order to protect themselves they have concentrated their urban
population in the Bourj Hamoud and Nor Hadjin sections of Beirut.
A large number of them were forced to abandon their homes,
apartments, schools, properites, community centers, businesses
and other forms of public and private wealth which are located
in districts other than the ones which they control. The profes-
sional class, obviously, cannot work in the offices and buildings
which are located in the midst of the fighting; and the working
class in totally without any means of sustenance. The financial
loss, as can well be imagined, is tremendous.
The Armenians do not want to be singled out as the recipients
of general aid. For the most part, the Armenians in Lebanon are
citizens of that country and believe that any direct general aid
to them denied to other segments of the population might be mis-
construed by the other communities and lead to antagonisms and
conflict. There is one way, however, that the Armenian community
can be helped and encouraged without their incurring the wrath
R.
SERALD
FO
of the other communities.
The Armenians can be provided humanitarian relief through
international charitable organizations and the aid can be
directed toward specific activities such as education.
4
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LIBRARY
The Armenian community in Lebanon is in direct and frequent
contact with three international charitable organizations with
headquarters in the United States, namely 1] the Armenian General
Benevolent Union (See Exhibit A], 2] The Armenian Missionary
Association of America (See Exhibit B], and 3] The Armenian
Relief Society (See Exhibit C). These charitable organizations,
with a long history of aid to people in Lebanon, and also through-
out the world, can be depended upon to deliver the necessary funds
to the proper recipients to be used for the purpose designated.
In this case, we are recommending that funds be provided for the
maintenance of the Armenian school system by providing salaries
for the staffs, tuition for therstudents, and repairs for the
buildings that still can be used.
The Armenian school system in Lebanon has 51 schools (See
Exhibit 0] with a total of over 15,000 students. The budget
for these institutions is approximately $5,500,000 per year or
approximately $366 per student. Since the economy of the country
is entirely desrupted, the Armenian community in Lebanon cannot
in any way meet this budget. It has made appeals, internationally,
for aid. Since the Armenian-American community, which has over
the years provided SO much philanthropy for the Armenian community
in Lebanon, is only able to raise some $1,000,000 per year, there
is a shortfall of approximately $4.5 million or approximately
$375,000 per month.
Accordingly, the three Armenian-American international chari-
table organizations, represented in this instance by the Armenian
Assembly, would like to apply for aid over the next six months
at a rate of $375,000 per month with a total of $2,250,000 for the
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entrios xie than and neve bis 707 viage of and bloow , VídmoeaA
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six-month period. The Armenian Assembly, and the charitable
organizations which it represents, is confident that a system
can be set up which would satisfy all the concerns of the granting
agencies in terms of technique of delivery and utilization of
funds.
No program, especially one of this small magnitude, can
guarantee the salvation of Lebanon; but it would seem that an
investment of $2,250,000 would be a worthwhile venture for the
United States government if this money can help bring peace to
the area or at least to help maintain a viable infrastructure
for Lebanon, preserving its pro-American orientation. Timely
aid would probably spare the United States a much larger invest-
ment of money and lives in the Future. Certainly, the advantages
to be gained as compared to the small sum of money involved
would warrant an attempt.
The exhibits which follow give a brief background resume of
the three international charitable organizations which could be
used for distributing funds to the Armenian schools in Lebanon.
A further exhibit gives a list of the schools, their location,
and their student enrollments. The latest intelligence informs
us that the schools in the Armenian controlled areas are in use
and the many other schools in other parts of the country are
used sporadically as circumstances permit.
6
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eeonstamunto as begu
A Picture Book
of Armenian Miniatures
0
BY ZABEL AND ROBERT DER BEDROSIAN
Picture Book
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
FREER GALLERY OF ART
of
Armenian
ORIENTAL STUDIES, NO. 6
ARMENIAN MANUSCRIPTS
IN THE
FREER GALLERY OF ART
(WITH 108 PLATES)
BY
SIRARPIE DER NERSESSIAN
PER DIFFVSION. O'C.MEN OREGIN
(PUBLICATION 4516)
WASHINGTON
1963
3PT
SP summstu UUUUUU SURUT
the MACH the MOTOR mum Ste wis
32.18
Raising of Lazarus
From Four Gospels
Armenian Manuscript, 13th century
Freer Gallery of Art, Washington 25, D.C.
A Picture Book
of Armenian Miniatures
BY ZABEL AND ROBERT DER BEDROSIAN
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ARMENIAN STUDIES
AND RESEARCH, INC.
1968
Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 68-59356
PREFACE
Copyright 1968
by National Association for Armenian Studies and Research, Inc.
The illumination of manuscripts was one of the arts in which Armenians ex-
celled. No one who has ever seen Armenian miniatures could forget the richness and
175 Mt. Auburn Street
brilliance of their coloring or the wealth of their ornamental motifs. But in addition
to their artistic appeal, these miniatures tell US much about life in the times they were
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
painted. What more brilliant suggestion, therefore, than to offer a picture book to
Armenian children, where they can indulge their fancy and imagination, and at the
same time learn a little about their cultural heritage.
Fortunately, these days children do not have to pound their own colors. Nor are
they likely to have access to some of the ingredients used in older times - gum-arabic.
vitriol, borax, alum and arsenic! But the prospective artist may be curious to hear how
medieval painters set about their task. So here are some instructions taken from a
painter's manual written several centuries ago.
"To paint parts of the body, take ochre, black and a little gypsum; knead
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced
together with egg-yolk and paint the face, hands and feet. Outline in purple the eyes,
in any form without the written permission of the publisher.
hands and feet. Mixing purple and white, highlight the shadows on the face. Paint
delicately in black the eyes and eyebrows. Put in the white of the eyes, but use very
little white; similarly the black of the pupil. Put in touches of red with a fine brush to
the neck and face, around the eyes, and to the lips, neck, ears, hands and feet.
Delicately add some green to the face, the two sides of the forehead and the mouth.
Glaze the picture two or three times when it is finished."
The old ways have passed, but this coloring book will help recreate for
children in a most enjoyable way some facets of medieval Armenian life. The draw-
ings have been well selected to give a wide range of subjects, some difficult, some
easy. But all will provide many hours of pleasurable activity, combining fun with
profit.
Robert W. Thomson
Harvard University
Printed in the United States of America
3