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536451054
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Toguri, Iva ("Tokyo Rose") (2)
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536451054
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document
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Toguri, Iva ("Tokyo Rose") (2)
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Myron B. Kuropas Files (Ford Administration)
Myron Kuropas' Subject Files
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Pardon
World War, 1939-1945
Japanese Americans
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1976
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1975-09-01
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The original documents are located in Box 11, folder "Toguri, Iva ("Tokyo Rose") -
Pardon (2)" of the Myron Kuropas Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
DONALD M. FRASER
PROVEDMAY 15 100
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
5TH LINET. MINNESOTA
COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEES:
1111 House OFFICE BUILDING
CHAIRMAN, INTERNATIONAL OPGANIZATIONS
202-225-4755
Congress of the United States
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMMERCE
DISTRICT OFFICE
House of Representatives
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
180 FEDERAL COURTS BUILDING
COMMITTEE
MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55401
612-725-2081
Ulashington, D.C. 20515
May 12, 1976
Mr. Paul Tsuneishi
Japanese American Citizens League
125 Weller Street, Suite 310
Los Angeles, California 90012
Dear Mr. Tsuneishi:
Thank you for writing to me about my letter to President
Ford concerning Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
You may use my name as a supporter of a Presidential pardon
for Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
Donald M. Fraser
CC: The Hon. Spark Matsunaga
LIBRAST GERALD ? FORD
ABNER J. MIKVA
RECEIVED NAY 10 1976
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
10TH DISTRICT, ILLINOIS
432 CANNON OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
(CODE 202) 225-4835
Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICES:
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
4016B CHURCH STREET
house of Representatives
SKOKIE, ILLINOIS 60076
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
(Code 312) 676-1350
Washington, D.C. 20515
FEDERAL BUILDING
230 S. DEARBORN STREET
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604
(CODE 312) 353-7942
DES PLAINES CIVIC CENTER
1420 MINER STREET
DES PLAINES. ILLINOIS 60016
May 6, 1976
(CODE 312) 297-0515
The Honorable Spark M. Matsunaga
442 Cannon House Office Building
Dear Sparky:
Thanks very much for sending me a copy of your very
kind letter to Clifford Uyeda.
I was happy to be the first Member of the House to
register my support of your effort and that of others to
restore U.S. citizenship status to Mrs. d'Aquino. I hope
other Members also will back your worthy endeavor.
I understand that your staff will keep mine informed
about the progress in the case. When the time comes for
presenting a petition to the President, I will be most
willing to give my support.
Sincerely,
ab
Abner J. Mikva
U.S. Congressman
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
Japanese american
JACL
citizens LeaGUE
UNITY
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS: 1765 Sutter Street San Francisco, California 94115 (415) 921-5225
THROUGH
REGIONAL OFFICES: Washington, D.C./Chicago/San Francisco/Los Angeles/Portland/Fresno
David E. Ushio, National Executive Director
PRESS RELEASE -- from the NATIONAL IVA TOGURI COMMITTEE.
"As a member of Congress, I fully support the growing nationwide
effort to seek a presidential pardon for Iva Toguri d'Aquino." Congressman
Spark M. Matsunaga of Hawaii is the first member of the United States Congress
to publicly urge (3/22nd) presidential pardon for Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino,
who in 1949 was convicted of treason as ' a mythical "Tokyo Rose."
Iva Toguri, born in California, was stranded in Japan at the outbreak
of World War II while visiting her sick aunt. Penniless, and unfamiliar with
the Japanese language, she obtained a job as a typist in the business office
of Radio Tokyo. Later she was urged by the prisoners of war (POW) broadcasters
to join them, and she called herself "Orphan Ann." The term "Tokyo Rose" was
coined by the American soldiers, and was unknown to the Japanese.
Iva Toguri repeatedly refused to renounce her American citizenship in
spite of constant harassments by the Japanese government officials. Although
she was one of 14 English speaking women announcers at Radio Tokyo, at the end
of the war she alone was arrested, charged and brought to trial.
At the trial held in San Francisco the judge refused to accept a hung
jury; and her conviction on one of eight counts rested solely on the testimony
of two "turncoat" American civilians who worked for Radio Tokyo. Recently,
in Tokyo, these same individuals admitted that they were coerced and coached
by the United States government agents to give false testimonies during the
1949 trial.
(continued)
Better Americans in a Greater America
-2-
Attorney Wayne M. Collins, who was Mrs. d'Aquino's chief counsel in
1949, continued to represent her for 25 years in his unsuccessful efforts
to obtain a presidential pardon. Attorney Collins (Sr.) died in 1974. His
son, Wayne M. Collins (Jr.), now represents Mrs. d'Aquino.
"Her years of suffering cannot be obliterated, but that suffering can
be partially assuaged by restoring to her that which she has always prized
above all else--her U.S. citizenship," said Congressman Matsunaga.
Recent press coverages have been uniformly supportive of a presidential
pardon. Mrs. d'Aquino, presently living in Chicago, is beginning to believe
that the American people will finally accept her innocence, which she has been
proclaiming for over 30 years.
"In this bicentennial year of our nation, the granting of a presidential
pardon and the restoration of U.S. citizenship to Mrs. d'Aquino would dramatically
serve as a symbolic act on the part of our government to demonstrate that our
system's greatness lies in part in its flexibility to rectify its own errors,"
said Congressman Matsunaga.
"As a people who are committed to serving the ends of justice," the
Congressman concluded his statement, "all Americans ought to join in a concerted
effort to serve justice, once denied and too long delayed in the case of Iva
Toguri d'Aquino." She will be 60 years old on July 4, 1976.
LIBRARY FORD ''
ayeda
BERALD
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Chairman, National Iva Toguri Committee
4/22/76
Ld
IMPORTANT INDIA
Telegram
NO. WDS.- CL. OF SVC.
PD. OR COLL
CASH NO.
CHARGE TO THE ACCOUNT OF
THIS MESSAGE WILL BE SENT
PRESS
OVER NIGHT
AS A TELEGRAM UNLESS IT IS
DPR
NPR
TELEGRAM
GWAO 84664
OTHERWISE INDICATED.
Send the following message, subject to the Telegraph Company's conditions, rules and regulations, which are on file with regulatory authorities.
Mr. David E. Ushio
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
5415 North Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois
AS A MEMBER OF CONGRESS, I FULLY SUPPORT THE GROWING
NATIONWIDE EFFORT TO SEEK A PRESIDENTIAL PARDON FOR IVA
TOGURI d'AQUINO. ON THE BASIS OF EVIDENCE WHICH HAS COME TO
LIGHT IN RECENT MONTHS, HER CONVICTION IN 1949 OF THE CRIME OF
TREASON REPRESENTED A SERIOUS MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.
SINCE HER CONVICTION, HOWEVER, MRS. d'AQUINO HAS NOT ONLY
PAID HER FINE AND SERVED A PRISON TERM, BUT SHE HAS LIVED FOR
YEARS IN MENTAL ANGUISH WHILE STEADFASTLY MAINTAINING HER
INNOCENCE.
HER YEARS OF SUFFERING CANNOT BE OBLITERATED, BUT THAT
SUFFERING CAN BE PARTIALLY ASSUAGED BY RESTORING TO HER THAT WHICH
SHE HAS ALWAYS PRIZED ABOVE ALL ELSE--HER U.S. CITIZENSHIP. IN
THIS BICENTENNIAL YEAR OF OUR NATION, THE GRANTING OF A PRESIDENTIAL
PARDON AND THE RESTORATION OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP TO MRS. d'AQUINO
WOULD DRAMATICALLY SERVE AS A SYMBOLIC ACT ON THE PART OF OUR
GOVERNMENT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT OUR SYSTEM'S GREATNESS LIES IN PART
R. FORD
CERRY
IN ITS FLEXIBILITY TO RECTIFY ITS OWN ERRORS. AS A PEOPLE WHO
ARE COMMITTED TO SERVING THE ENDS OF JUSTICE, ALL AMERICANS OUGHT
STATE
TO JOIN IN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO SERVE JUSTICE, ONCE DENIED AND TOO
LONG DELAYED IN THE CASE OF IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.
SPARK MATSUNAGA
WU 1211 (R1-70) UNITED STATES CONGRESSMAN
FREE
EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS
HONOLULU
GEORGE R. ARIYOSHI
GOVERNOR
February 18, 1976
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. President:
A.
During World War II, as you know, many Japanese-American in our
Nation suffered shocking injustices involving seizure of property and virtual
incarceration and suffered unwarranted calumny and abuse resulting from
official policies. As one with some first hand experience, I believe that every
a
individual was at least in some way affected by/ wave of hostile racism that
swept over the Country.
Those dark days are past now and for the most part, they remain only
in the memory of us, the older generation, and I suspect that our children
regard them as horror stories that could never happen again. Many outstand-
ing Americans have expressed the deepest regret that such things could have
occurred.
The whole nightmarish experience might be pushed permanently into
the limbo except for one piece of unfinished business--the case of "Tokyo Rose."
The name evokes memories among all of us who were involved in WW II
for it reminds us of a legend that has since proved, like many other legends,
almost certainly false in most aspects. We do know that one woman, Iva Toguri
d'Aquino, an American citizen, bore the brunt of the emotional hostility that
accrued to that legend. Mrs. d'Aquino lost her freedom, her citizenship, and
almost any future except basic survival.
Now, evidence has been gathered and compiled which seems to cast
grave doubt that Mrs. d'Aquino was ever anything but a loyal American citizen
'and that she was and remains the victim of miscarriage of justice created in
part by the after effect of the same wave of hostility and prejudice against
Japanese-Americans that I mentioned above.
FORD
DEPARTMENT
The President
Page 2
I do not pretend to have conclusive evidence in this case, but I do
believe current representations carry weight enough to merit a thorough
investigation by you, Mr. President, with a view toward consideration of
a pardon for Mrs. d'Aquino.
I ask that you institute such an investigation. If current representa-
tions about this case are valid, the cause of American justice may best be
served by sympathetic and humane consideration, no matter how tardy.
With warm personal regards, I remain,
Yours very truly,
George R. Ariyoshi
FORD
Creat
OFFICE
Washington, DC 20036
1730 Rhode Island Ave, NW
Room 204
Washington DC HQ COMP
PACIFIC JACL NATIONAL ITIZEN
PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of THROUGH - Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 83 NO. 2
FRIDAY, JULY 9, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
SACRAMENTO. Calif. - Dur-
to pardon Iva
asks Mr. Ford
Cal. legislature
B-8 Honolulu Star-Bulletin Friday, June 18, 1976
Calif. Secretary of State
Backs d'Aquino Pardon
By Gregg K. Kakesako
Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Star-Bulletin Writer
"What was done then was a gross
iniustice to any American citizen "
March rong EU
INDUSTRIALS
Stocks
1040
Dow industrial average
1000
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
Home
1020
jumps 14 003.19 in
very active trading
980
Stock tables on OPT
Business news on C-1,3
960
20c on Oahu
VOL. 65, NO. 169
Six Sections
HONOLULU, HAWAII
Thursday, June 17, 1976
92 Pages
25c on the Neighbor Islands
Tokyo Rose Called Victim of Hysteria;
Presidential Pardon Sought This Year
COMMITTEE FOR IVA TOGURI
OF THE
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
JACL Headquarters Bldg.
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Attorney Wayne M. Collins,
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Consultant
Chairman
Partial Listing -
DEC 2 1976
Individual Endorsements:
November 30, 1976
Gov. George A. Ariyoshi, Hawaii
Mayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles
Rep. Yvonne B. Burke, California
Lt Gov. Melvyn Dymally, California
Secretary of State March Fong Eu, Calif.
Dr. Myron Kuropas
Rep. Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota
Special Assistant to the President
Prof. S.I. Hayakawa, S.F. State Univ.
Rep. Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii
for Ethnic Affairs
Rep. Abner J. Mikva, Illinois
The White House
Assemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California
Mayor George R. Moscone, San Francisco
Washington, D.C. 20500
Rep. B.F. Sisk, California
Atty Gen. Evelle J. Younger, California
Dear Dr. Kuropas:
Organizational Endorsements:
American Civil Liberties Union,
No. Calif. Chapter
Thank you for your past aids in matters relating
Americans for Democratic Action,
to Japanese Americans. I have heard much about you
No. Calif. Chapter
from Mr, Ross Harano of Chicago. He suggested that
California State Legislature
National Council of the
I forward to you some of the recent informations I
Churches of Christ
have on Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino of Chicago who was
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
San Francisco Commission on
convicted in 1949 as a mythical "Tökyo Rose."
the Status of Women
Willard Anderson Post #2471,
Just last week Attorney George S. Guysi of
VFW, Dalles, Oregon
Oklahoma City called. His letter appears in the
Media Editorial Endorsements:
Wall Street Journal (2/23/76, copy enclosed). He
Dayton Daily News (Ohio)
Denver Post
was the intelligence corps officer in charge of
Honolulu Advertiser
investigating Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino in Japan
Los Angeles Times
Minneapolis Tribune
after the war. He said that he would be glad to
San Francisco Chronicle
testify for Iva if the administration so desires.
San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco KFRC-Radio
He can be reached at:
Seattle Post Intelligencer
(405) 232-0661 (office)
Washington Star (D.C.)
(405) 843-7622 (home)
Supporting Articles:
Chicago Daily News
Chicago Tribune
Enclosed are copies of supporting documents
Christian Science Monitor
which may be of interest to you.
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
National Observer
Wall Street Journal
Sincerely yours,
Washington Post
Clifford
Cliza I. Uyeda, M.D.
TOKU
cc: Mr. Ross Harano.
IVA TOGURI:
SUMMARY OF A TRAGIC CASE
"The case was a political one. It arose in the immediate
Using the name "Orphan Ann," Iva Toguri was one of
post-war (World War II) period when the public temper
many women announcers used by Japanese-controlled
was still inflamed against Japan and citizens of this country
radio stations scattered in fourteen locations throughout
of Japanese ancestry. It was not merely difficult, but
Asia and the Pacific. But unknown to anyone in Japan at
impossible to obtain justice at the time for an accused
the time, American soldiers coined the name "Tokyo Rose"
person of such ancestry, however innocent. Iva (Toguri)
and applied it to any and all women broadcasters heard
was one of the victims of the war. She became a casualty
on Japanese radio. "Tokyo Rose" was a generic term,
of our judicial system which failed to protect her funda-
created from the loneliness, frustrations, and fantasies of
mental constitutional rights, and failed to accord her even
the American soldiers - and the image was not entirely
the decency of a fair trial Thus wrote attorney Wayne
unfavorable. American soldiers eagerly tuned in to hear
M. Collins, Sr., in an unsuccessful petition for presidential
their favorite "Tokyo Rose" play the latest American pop
pardon in 1968.
music, read amazingly accurate war news, and dabble
in humor and nostalgia.
The Iva Toguri case is a tragic story of how a young
American woman was trapped in Japan during World War
At the end of the war, American journalist capitalized
II, how she became victimized by a romantic image
on the tremendous curiosity about the identity of the
created by American soldiers, and how she is still affected
legendary "Tokyo Rose." Iva Toguri was one of the many
today, some thirty years later.
women implicated, but she alone became the scapegoat.
The U.S. Occupation Forces imprisoned her in Japan for
more than one year without charges, without legal
Iva Toguri was born in Los Angeles in 1916 and was
counsel, and without trial. After thorough investigations,
raised in Southern California. Shortly after her college
the Department of Justice concluded there was no case
graduation in 1941, she went to Japan to help care for
and ordered her released in 1946. But when she applied
a seriously sick relative. World War II broke out before
to return to the United States in 1947, a fire-storm of
she could return, and she was left stranded in an unfamiliar
protest was ignited by the newspapers and radio, and
country. As an enemy alien in wartime Japan, Iva Toguri
she was arrested again in Japan in 1948. She was ordered
faced severe survival problems: she was denied food
to stand trial for treason in San Francisco - then a strong-
rations, was repudiated by her Japanese relatives, and was
hold of anti-Japanese prejudice.
without money. Japanese authorities constantly harassed
her and demanded that she renounce her American
A Federal Grand Jury refused to indict Iva Toguri unless
citizenship and apply for Japanese citizenship, but she
the American POW who worked with her at Radio Tokyo
repeatedly refused.
was similarly charged with treason. But when prosecutors
promised to charge the former POW before an army
Since she had no skills in the Japanese language, she
court martial, the Grand Jury issued an eight-count indict-
had to seek employment utilizing her English language
ment against her. (The promise was never kept. The man
ablilities. Wherever she worked, she encountered
was promoted to major shortly thereafter.) When the trial
difficulties because of her outspoken pro-American attitude.
started in 1949, prosecutors quickly removed all non-
Eventually, she was hired as a typist in the business office
whites from the jury. Ironically, the prosecution's case
of Radio Tokyo. There she met three male prisoners of
rested largely on the testimony of two "turncoat"
war (POWs) assigned to the "Zero Hour" (English language
American civilian men who worked for Radio Tokyo.
music program) who were covertly burlesquing the intent
Other prosecution witnesses could only recite the legend
of Japanese broadcasts. When Japanese authorities decided
of "Tokyo Rose," and could not identify the person on
to add a female voice to the program, the POWs
trial, The main defense witnesses were the three former
recommended Iva Toguri. Initially she refused, but after
POWs who had originally asked her to broadcast. Iva
she was threatened by Japanese authorities and was
Toguri herself testified she firmly believed she was helping
secretly assured by her POW friends that she could help
the United States.
the American war efforts, she agreed.
After the longest and most expensive trial on record at the
Iva Toguri is now 59 years of age and lives quietly in a
time, spectators and journalists were nearly unanimous in
Midwestern city. She is still classified as a stateless person
predicting complete acquittal or, at worst, a hung jury.
and is denied most civil rights. Iva Toguri firmly proclaims
When the jury reported a deadlock, the judge reminded
her innocence. A renewed effort is underway to redeem
them how expensive the trial had been for the government
her name and restore her American citizenship via a
and appealed to their sense of patriotic duty. Thus
presidential pardon. With the support of the American
admonished, the all-white jury returned a verdict of
people, Iva Toguri may finally be accorded the justice
guilty on one of the eight counts. The judge sentenced
to which she is entitled.
her to ten years imprisonment and a $10,000 fine. Loss
of American citizenship was automatic.
The preceding is just a brief outline of the ordeal and
tragedy of Iva Toguri. For further information and a free
Iva Toguri was released from prison in 1956, with reduced
copy of the booklet, "Iva Toguri (d'Aquino): Victim of a
time for good behavior. But the Immigration and Natural-
Legend," please contact:
ization Service promptly attempted to deport her as an
"undesirable alien." In 1958 the government admitted
there was nowhere they could deport her, and reclassified
her a "stateless person." In 1968 a federal court ordered
the confiscation of her life insurance policies as partial
payment of the fine. In 1971 the Justice Department
summoned her into federal court to demand payment
of the remaining fine. The fine was recently satisfied when
her father died and left a will stipulating that the fine be
paid from his estate. Three appeals for review to the
Supreme Court were denied, and two petitions for pardon
to the President were unanswered.
AMERGIA
The National Committee for Iva Toguri
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
(415) 921-5225
Sentember 1075
WASHINGTON OFFICE
JACL
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
THROUGH STATE
1730 RHODE ISLAND AVENUE. N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-1240
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, JACL
DAVID E. USHIO, NATIONAL DIRECTOR
1765 POST STREET
WAYNE K. HORIUCHI
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA 94115
WASHINGTON REPRESENTATIVE
AUG 3 1976
(415) 921-5225
August 2, 1976
Dr. Myron Kuropas
Special Assistant to the President
for Ethnic Affairs
Room 190
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20501
Dear Myron,
I just wanted to send to you some other letters of endorse-
ment which we have received in support of Iva Toguri.
S.I. Hayakawa, the Republican Senatorial candidate for the
U.S. Senate in California, a local V.F.W. post in Oregon, and
Congressmen Mikva, Fraser, Matsunaga, Sisk, and Krebs have all
written letters of support for Mrs. Toguri which I have attached.
We should be receiving endorsements from other national
organizations shortly.
I'll keep you posted on further developments
Sincerely,
Wayne K. Horiuchi
Washington Representative
WKH/llc
Enclosures
FORD
LIBRARY
GENATE
FOR BETTER AMERICANS IN A GREATER AMERICA
S.I.Hayakawa
225 ELDRIDGE Avenue
P.O. Box 100
MILL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA 94941
415-383:6695
June 28, 1976
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
My Dear Mr. President:
As you are no doubt aware, both houses of the California legislature have now
asked you to pardon Iva Toguri d'Aquino and to restore her American citizenship.
Having been born an American, she neither wants nor is entitled to citizenship in
any other country.
After examining the history of her trial and reviewing the evidence on which
Mrs. d'Aquino was tried and convicted of treason in 1949, the following newspapers
have urged a pardon for her: Denver Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Wall Street
Journal, Honolulu Advertiser, Washington Star, San Francisco Examiner, Seattle
Post-Intelligencer, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News, Wash-
ington Post Syndicate (Nicholas von Hoffman), Register and Tribune Syndicate
(S. I. Hayakawa). Other publications, including National Observer, Christian
Science Monitor, and Newsweek have published stories that seriously question the
justice of her conviction. My own columns on the subject are enclosed, as is the
summary of the case prepared by the National Committee for Iva Toguri of the Japa-
nese-American Citizens League.
I am sure that others have recommended that Mrs. d'Aquino's pardon be issued
on her 60th birthday, which happens to fall on July 4, 1976. Since the basic rea-
son for her conviction was that she fell into jeopardy because she refused to give
up her American citizenship and to take refuge in declaring herself a Japanese
national, recognition of her stubborn patriotism would be especially appropriate
on this day. I hope you agree.
You were kind to receive the Republican candidates for the U.S. Senate in
your office on the morning of June 16. It is an occasion that I shall always
remember with pleasure.
Respectfully yours,
S.1.Hayakawa
2.FORD
TREATY
S. I. Hayakawa
SIH/ka
Enclosures
CENTED
cc: The Honorable Barry M. Goldwater, Jr.
The Honorable Hiram Fong
Dr. Clifford Uyeda
Saturday, March 27,
HAYAKAWA COLUMN
1976.
A Pardon
For Iva
Toguri D'Aquino
By S.I. HAYAKAWA
[This is the second of two articles on the case of Iva Toguri
d'Aquino.]
and Power say that, "The quoted expression appears nowhere in
the notes."
[Released. by The Register and Tribune Syndicate, 1976]
V.F.W.
WILLARD ANDERSON POST NO. 2471
The Dalles, Oregon 97058
May 12, 1976
The Honorable Al Ullman
House of Representatives
2207 Rayburn Building
Washington, D. C. 20515
Dear Congressman Ullman:
We of V. F. W. Post #2471 strongly urge you to urge the
President to give Iva Toguri (known as Tokyo Rose) a full pardon
on July 4, 1976.
Ws Poes,
Im Peymote
Michi
for in Nation
a.f. back
Ju Am Ryan
Wm Jones
Koe
Onith Cram
FORD LIBRARY
DEPART
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
V.F.W.
WILLARD ANDERSON POST NO. 2471
The Dalles, Oregon 97058
May 12, 1976
The Honorable Mark 0. Hatfield
United States Senate
463 Russell Building
Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Senator Hatfield:
We of V. F. W. Post #2471 strongly urge you to urge President
Ford to give Iva Toguri (known as Tokyo Rose) a full pardon on
July 4, 1976.
MaSay
In Phymale
Medil
Jesse m Hintson
a.7. one
Jack Tepson
7pm Jones
To Roy Ryan
Ko Nehimoto
Owll Cram
Ours
TREETY
SEAL
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
V.F.W.
WILLARD ANDERSON POST NO. 2471
The Dalles, Oregon 97058
May 12, 1976
The Honorable Bob Packwood
United States Senate
1317 Dirksen Building
Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Senator Packwood:
We of V. F. W. Post #2471 strongly urge you to urge President
Ford to give Iva Toguri (known as Tokyo Rose) a full pardon on
July 4, 1976.
We Pic,
form Prymete
nuclice
Teran m Hulan
9.7.20e
in Fepsor.
In Pay Ryan
Wm e Jones
Koe Dichimat
Orinlle Cram
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
ABNER J. MIKVA
RECEIVED NAY 10 1976
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
: UTH DISTRICT, ILLINOIS
432 CANNON OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
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Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICES:
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
House of Representatives
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SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
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DES PLAINES CIVIC CENTER
1420 MINER STREET
DES PLAINES. ILLINOIS 60016
May 6, 1976
(CODE 312) 297-0515
The Honorable Spark M. Matsunaga
442 Cannon House Office Building
Dear Sparky:
Thanks very much for sending me a copy of your very
kind letter to Clifford Uyeda.
I was happy to be the first Member of the House to
register my support of your effort and that of others to
restore U.S. citizenship status to Mrs. d'Aquino. I hope
other Members also will back your worthy endeavor.
I understand that your staff will keep mine informed
about the progress in the case. When the time comes for
presenting a petition to the President, I will be most
willing to give my support.
Sincerely,
ab
Abner J. Mikva
U.S. Congressman
FURM
CERTIFY
STATES
DONALD M. FRASER
ToBanlt
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
5TH DISTRICT, MINNESOTA
COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEES:
1111 House OFFICE DUILDING
CHAIRMAN, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS-
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Congress of the United States
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House of Representatives
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55401
COMMITTEE
612-725-2081
Washington, D.C. 20515
April 30, 1976
Please Return
President Gerald Ford
of
White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
It is my understanding that the Japanese American Citizens
League will soon ask you to support a pardon for Iva Toguri
d'Aquino.
Mrs. d'Aquino now lives in Chicago. She served six years
of a ten-year sentence after having been convicted of trying
to undermine American morale during wartime. Her case has
come to be known as the Tokyo Rose case.
Based upon my knowledge of her case, it seems clear to me
that we indicted, prosecuted, convicted, sentenced and
punished a legend rather than an individual U.S. citizen.
Mrs. d'Aquino is a victim of the events and circumstances
that led to and surrounded our war with Japan.
I know that two earlier petitions for clemency have been
denied. Pardoning Iva Toguri d'Aquino at this time, during
our Bicentennial--Mrs. d'Aquino was born on July 4--secms
to me to be the right thing to do at the right time.
I hope you will seriously consider and favorably act upon
her petition when it is received.
Sincerely,
Donald M. Fraser
B. F. SISK
DISTRICT OFFICES,
BITTY L CORNELIUM
19TH DISTRICT. CALIFORNIA
FIELD ROPRESENTATIVE
15-7
COMMITTEE ON RULES
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
Room 2001. FEDERAL Business
1130 o STREET
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CALIFORNIA 03721
House OFFICE EURLDING
200-427-8004
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20013
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
BHIRLEY G. GIELON
YONY COELNO
ASSISTANT
Regis 30A. FEDERAL Burlding
April 8, 1976
1120 "I" STREET
Monzarro. CALIFORNIA 03354
203-627-1914
Mr. Fred Y, Hirasuna
Post Office Box 11801
Fresno, California 93775
Dear Fred:
Thank you for your note and enclosed copy of
a booklet published by the National Committee for Iva
Toguri, Japanese American Citizens League.
I have read the booklet and certainly feel that
the case of Iva Toguri is a most tragic one. I personally
believe that she 15 deserving of a full presidential
pardon and restoration of her American citizenship, but
as you know, Fred. the President and only the President
has parden authority under the Constitution.
1 understand that the pardon petition has not as
yet been presented. presumably to avoid conflict with
the forthcoming Presidential election. I have every
contidence that at such time as 11 15 presented it will
be accorded the most careful and sympathetic consideration
by the President.
with kind personal regards,
Sincerely,
Benie B. F. SISK
MEMBER OF CONGRESS
ZORD
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February 24, 1976
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AND
CALIFORNIA 93230
(209) 362 2896
Mr. Fred Y. Hirasuna
P. 0, Box 11801
Fresno, California 93775
Dear Mr. Hirasuna:
Thank you for your letter of February 19, 1976, with
reference to Mrs, Iva Toguri.
I read the excellently written pamphlet which you
were kind enough to enclose and wish you every success
in your attempts to petition for a presidential pardon.
You may rest assured that I shall do whatever I properly
can to see that justice is done.
Thank you for bringing this matter to my attention, and
if I may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate
to call OR me.
Sincerely,
John
JOHN KREBS
Member of Congress
JK:J
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end the following message, subject to the Telegraph Company's conditions, ruies and regulations, which are on file with regulatory authorities.
Mr. David E. Ushio
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
5415 North Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois
AS A MEMBER OF CONGRESS, I FULLY SUPPORT THE GROWING
NATIONWIDE EFFORT TO SEEK A PRESIDENTIAL PARDON FOR IVA
TOGURI d'AQUINO. ON THE BASIS OF EVIDENCE WHICH HAS COME TO
LIGHT IN RECENT MONTHS, HER CONVICTION IN 1949 OF THE CRIME OF
TREASON REPRESENTED A SERIOUS MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.
SINCE HER CONVICTION, HOWEVER, MRS. d'AQUINO HAS NOT ONLY
PAID HER FINE AND SERVED A PRISON TERM, BUT SHE HAS LIVED FOR
YEARS IN MENTAL ANGUISH WHILE STEADFASTLY MAINTAINING HER
INNOCENCE.
HER YEARS OF SUFFERING CANNOT BE OBLITERATED, BUT THAT
SUFFERING CAN BE PARTIALLY ASSUAGED BY RESTORING TO HER THAT WHICH
SHE HAS ALWAYS PRIZED ABOVE ALL ELSE--HER U.S. CITIZENSHIP. IN
THIS BICENTENNIAL YEAR OF OUR NATION, THE GRANTING OF A PRESIDENTIAL
PARDON AND THE RESTORATION OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP TO MRS. d'AQUINO
WOULD DRAMATICALLY SERVE AS A SYMBOLIC ACT ON THE PART OF OUR
GOVERNMENT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT OUR SYSTEM'S GREATNESS LIES IN PART
IN ITS FLEXIBILITY TO RECTIFY ITS OWN ERRORS. AS A PEOPLE WHO
ARE COMMITTED TO SERVING THE ENDS OF JUSTICE, ALL AMERICANS OUGHT
TO JOIN IN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO SERVE JUSTICE, ONCE DENIED AND TOO
LONG DELAYED IN THE CASE OF IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.
SPARK MATSUNAGA
WU 1211 (R1-70) UNITED STATES CONGRESSMAN
MAR 29 1976
79 W. Monroe St.
Chicago, Illinois 60603
March 27, 1976
GERALD
phone 312-372-7834
Mr. Myron B. Kuropas
Special Assistant to the President
for Ethnic Affairs
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Myron:
This is a follow-up of our conversation regarding the Tokyo Rose case.
I have done further checking and gotten more information (some of it
somewhat sketchy), that I feel all the ingredients are here that could
mean 200,000+ votes in the Japanese community alone, but must be very
carefully handled. I believe you should also consider expanding this
beyond the Japanese community for the same reasons.
I feel the ultimate objective would be to "direct" the committee to get
the signatures of as many supporters as possible, either by direct contact,
or Japanese media ads soliciting such support with a carefully worded
reason why a pardon is being sought.
This would give the President an ideal opportunity to respond. The reason
would in essence, be because of the support of a community that has an excellent
record as law-abiding citizens, high education, good all-around record of
all the reasons that Japanese Americans are well aware of, and are proud of.
He could respond that Tokyo Rose is an unfortunate victim of an unfortunate
era, without conceding her guilt or innocence. By showing that he "cares"
and responding to the request of all those who solicited a pardon, the good
will generated would be tremendous. The good will generated would I feel
be comparable to him shaking the hands of several hundred thousands of
Japanese Americans.
At the moment, the Tokyo Rose issue is making a lot of headlines here, but
surely the issue will die out at some time, but I feel the climax can be
timed as close as possible to November without making it obvious that there
were any political reasons for it.
I do not feel the committee ever raised the moneys necessary to do what has
to be done. Frankly, I was a bit surprised to find that the Japanese
American Citizens League adopted a resolution on July 27, 1974 at the 23rd
Biennial National Convention in Portland, Oregon supporting Tokyo Rose;
surprised I say because until just recently there has been very little
publicity about this in its national publication. Also, I was somewhat
surprised to find Ross Harano involved on a local level, and overlapping a
bit into the National movement. Because Harano, like many others involved,
are staunch Democrats, obviously I cannot confide with him. However, this
should not be a barrier to us in any way for the objectives I wish to
accomplish; they are perhaps involved for a cause - I am involved to give
the President all the credit due for such a pardon (if given).
You may have read the 2 long feature articles that appeared in the Chicago
Tribune by Ron Yates last week. Yates, incidentally is a client and a good
friend of mine. I'm sure that a follow-up article on a pardon could be
arranged, with all the human interest touches, and showing the President
as a most human being with a big heart.
It is my understanding that all the documents for a Presidential pardon
have been submitted. Harano mentioned your name, along with Yates, Percy,
but of course I did not quiz him about details for the obvious reasons.
Therefore, Myron, I would be happy to hear from you about the next move.
You are the key - I can only assist in the implementation. If a commitment
for a pardon has been made and is known to anyone, our strategy will have to
be changed.
Sincerely,
Harry Mizuno
PS - I understand Iva Toguri is quite temperamental, and she came through
that way to me on T.V. I know that an interview was scheduled with the
news and T.V. media last week. She cancelled at the last minute for
reasons I do not know. Perhaps you know the reason.
FORD
TIBRARY
WAYNE K. HORIUCHI
WASHINGTON REPRESENTATIVE
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
JUN 7 1976
Dear Myron,
Thought you might be interested.
FORD LIBRARY
R.
GENALD
Weran
Wayne
1730 RHODE ISLAND AVE.. N.W.
AREA CODE 202
SUITE 204
223-1240
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
A-2
The Washington Star
Thursday, June 3, 1976
Names/Faces
New Backers for Tokyo Rose'
Japanese american
JACL
CITIZENS LeaGUe
UNITY
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS: 1765 Sutter Street San Francisco, California 94115 (415) 921-5225
REGIONAL OFFICES: Washington, D.C./Chicago/San Francisco/Los Angeles/Portland/Fresno
THROUGH
David E. Ushio, National Executive Director
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
For Information Contact:
Miyo Tatsumi (415) 921-5225
May 21, 1976
Evelle Younger, Attorney General and top Republican office
holder for the State of California, has urged President Ford to
grant a Presidential Pardon in the case of Iva Toguri d' Aquino,
accused of being "Tokyo Rose." In a letter to President Ford,
Younger said, "...many people today believe that her conviction
was more a product of wartime hysteria than a trial on the merits
"
The decision to make the request by Mr. Younger, who also serves as
President Ford's California Campaign Manager, is based upon recent
new evidence which creates substantial doubt about the fairness
of the original conviction.
David E. Ushio, National Executive Director of the
Japanese American Citizens League, a nonprofit human rights
organization representing over 30,000 members in 32 states, says
Younger's action in the matter is "commendable and very gratifying.
It is historically significant," says Ushio, "in that it was in the
State of California, under the administration of another Republican
Attorney General (Earl Warren), that a climate of racism existed
that ultimately led to the internment of over 110,000 Japanese
(more)
Better Americans in a Greater America
Iva Toguri
2-2-2-2-2
May 21, 1976
Americans in concentration camps during World War II. And it
was in the climate of the postwar hysteria against Japanese
Americans that Mrs. Toguri was convicted."
"Now to have Mr. Younger call for justice for Mrs. Toguri
is significant because it shows that America is strong enough to
recognize past mistakes, and work to insure justice and equality
for all. It is only a shame that she had to suffer so much and
for so long."
The Japanese American Citizens League has spearheaded the
campaign for a pardon for Mrs. Toguri. The American-born, UCLA-
educated woman, the JACL believes, was a victim of tragic
circumstances. When she went to Japan in 1941 to help care for
a sick relative, World War II broke out before she could return.
She found herself an enemy alien in wartime Japan, unable to get
money or communicate with her family in America, and disowned by
her relatives in Japan when she repeatedly refused to renounce her
American citizenship and apply for Japanese citizenship, though
constantly harassed to do so by Japanese authorities.
Without skills in the Japanese language, she sought
employment utilizing her English language abilities, but en-
countered difficulties where she worked because of her "outspoken
pro-American" views.
(more)
Iva Toguri
3-3-3-3-3
May 21, 1976
As a typist for Radio Tokyo, she met three male prisoners
of war (POWs), assigned to "Zero Hour" (the English language music
program by which the Japanese wished to demoralize American troops.)
These three POWs were covertly burlesquing the intent of the
Japanese broadcasts, and when Japanese authorities decided to
add a female voice to the program, the POWs recommended Iva Toguri,
knowing her sympathies, and assuring her that she could help the
American war efforts.
Although there was never any substantial evidence as to her
guilt, in spite of a one-year investigation by the U.S. Dept. of
Justice, and a Federal Grand Jury refused to indict Iva Toguri
because there was never a similar charge of treason made against
the American POWs who worked with her at Radio Tokyo, she was
singled out as a scapegoat. She was convicted on one of eight
counts, after the longest and most expensive trial on record at
the time, in which spectators and journalists agreed in predicting
an acquittal or, at worst, a hung jury.
Finally, pressured by
the judge to do their "patriotic duty" and remember how
"expensive the trial had been for the government," the deadlocked
jury returned a "guilty" verdict. Iva Toguri was convicted to
ten years imprisonment, fined $10,000 and stripped of her American
citizenship.
FORD LIBRARY
(more)
Iva Toguri
4-4-4-4
May 21, 1976
Having spent 25 years trying to prove her innocence including
three appeals for review to the Supreme Court which have been denied,
and two petitions for pardon to the President which have been
unanswered, she is now 59 years old. Denied most of her civil
A
rights, as a "stateless person," and destitute after the enormous
legal and other financial costs, Iva Toguri deserves finally
to receive the justice to which she is entitled. Her citizenship
is only a token repayment for all she has had to pay.
The text of Younger's letter follows:
"30"
&
The Honorable Gerald R. Ford
President of the United States
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D. C.
Re: Pardon for Iva Toguri
Dear President Ford:
In recent months, there has been renewed interest in the case of Iva
Toguri (D'Aquino), the woman of Japanese ancestry who was convicted
shortly after World War II of treason as being the supposed "Tokyo
Rose."
Although she has long since served her sentence and paid her fine, the
treason conviction prevents her from regaining her American citizenship.
Iva Toguri has steadfastly maintained her innocence and many people
today believe that her conviction was more a product of wartime hysteria
than a trial on the merits. Of course, this dispute cannot be definitively
resolved some thirty years later.
However, in light of the substantial doubt which now exists over the
fairness of the original conviction, and Ms. Toguri's excellent conduct
since such time, I believe it would now be appropriate for you to restore
her American citizenship by granting her a Presidential pardon.
I urge you to do so.
Sincerely,
Evelle J. Younger
Attorney General
Ir
CBS EVENING NEWS WITH WALTER CRONKITE
3/22/76
14
CRONKITE: The Chicago Tribune reported today that government witnesses
at the 1949 treason trial of Tokyo Rose now say the FBI pressured them to
tell half-truths and withhold vital information. Their testimony helped.
send the wartime Japanese propaganda broadcaster to prison for six years.
The Tribune said the witnesses did not want to be identified because they
feared harmful repercussions.
Tokyo Rose is fifty-nine now, working in a gift shop on Chicago's north
side. And more on the story from Bill Kurtis.
BILL KURTIS: Iva Toguri was twenty-five, a graduate of UCLA visiting a
sick relative in Tokyo, when she was caught by the war. She has always
claimed she was one of more than twenty women broadcasting for Radio
Tokyo, that she was asked to do it by an American prisoner of war who
thought he could undermine the Japanese propaganda broadcasts if Iva, a
U.S. citizen, read his scripts. Later, when other signed away their U.S.
citizenship, she refused to do so and claims she was singled out as the
GI's mythical Toyko Rose because of it.
Now, twenty-seven years after her trial, her case has become a cause for
the Japanese-American Citizens League. They will soon ask for a
Presidential pardon.
Hearing of witnesses who testified against her now saying they lied was
no surprise to her.
IVA TOGURI D'AQUINO: I heard that they bragged that they got a free trip
to the United States, they got to see their families that never-- hadn't
seen for five and ten years free. They didn't know anything about the
case, but so what? It was immaterial. They got free room and board for
the duration of the trial, and ten dollars per diem at that time was a
lot of money for people coming from Japan, and I guess this is one of the
reasons they did it.
QUESTION: You've had to live with this all of these years? Are you
bitter?
D'AQUINO: Well, I can't-- I can't be a-hundred-percent honest and say
that I am not bitter. But all I know is the man up above knew, and that
was good enough for me.
KURTIS: Bill Kurtis, for CBS News, Chicago.
FORD LIBRARY
BERRLD
Chicago THE WORLD'S
Tribune
Midwest
LIBERTY
Moultrie Flag, 1776
GREATEST NEWSPAPER
Edition
Monday, March 22, 1976
129th Year-No. 82 ® © 1976 Chicago Tribune
40 Pages 2 Sections
20c
U.S. told us to lie, say Tokyo Rose accusers
By Ronald Yates
ing testimony against Mrs. Aquino,
who ironically was born on the Fourth
Key Japanese witnesses in the Tokyo, Rose trial, interviewed by Tribune
Far East correspondent
lish-language broadcasts.
of July and who is one of the few Amer-
Tokyo Correspondent Ronald Yates, told him they had never talked with
Shigetsugu Tsuneishi, a former lieu-
ican women ever convicted of treason,
Chicago Tribune Press Service
the press about their roles in her conviction. This is the first of two stories
tenant colonel in the Japanese army
lives quietly today on Chicago's North
TOKY O-Twenty-seven years. after
on Tokyo Rose,
who was chief of wartime propaganda
Side, where she works in her father's
20
Section 1 Chicago Tribune, Monday, March 22, 1976
oginal
From page one
Tokyo Rose's accusers claim U.S. forced them to lie
you 100 0970
Tokyo Rose's husband: 'It's painful to remember'
Exclusive interview — In Tempo
LIBERTY
Chicago THE WORLD'S
Tribune
Midwest
Moultrie Flag, 1776
GREATEST NEWSPAPER
Edition
Tuesday, March 23, 1976
NY
Tokyo Rose just a scapegoat': husband
By Ronald Yates
might not hurt. I've never remarried.
"ALL DURING THE WAR there was
I'm a Catholic.
no doubt in anybody's mind that Iva
Far East correspondent
"You know it has been a long time
was pro-American," the Portuguese-Jap-
and feelings change. The last time I
anese D' 'Aquino recalls. "When she was
heard from her was in 1956, I guess. We
working at the Domei News Agency,
TOKYO-Felipe J. D'Aquino sipped on
used to correspond about once a month
which is where I met her in 1942, she
AP Photos
Mrs. Iva D'Aquino embraces her husband, Felipe, whole thing has been haunting me for years; the
in Tokyo in 1946. At right, Felipe today: This
way she was treated and framed."
The Case of Tokyo Rose'
By EDWIN McDoWELL
zona (where her mother died soon after- lion words, cost some $750,000 and involved
words)
71 witnesses plus depositions from 19 wit.
HE WALL STREET JOURNAL, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1976
enemy
money, and in any case her family had acts of treason, opened in July 1949, lasted Mr. McDowell is a member of the Jour-
been relocated to a detention camp in Ari- almost 13 weeks, totalled almost one mil- nal's editorial page staff.
The Washington Star
Like
JOEL. ALLBRITTON, Publisher
JAMES G. BELLOWS, Editor
SIDNEY EPSTEIN, Managing Editor
EDWIN M. YODER JR., Associate Editor
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1976
Tokyo Rose,' echo of history
Mon., Feb. 9, 1976
San Francisco THE VOICE OF THE WEST Chronicle
Founded 1865 by Charles and M. H. de Young
George T. Cameron, Publisher 1925-55
Charles de Young Thieriot
Editor and Publisher
Gordon Pates
Richard Thieriot
Managing Editor
Associate Editor
Templeton Peck
Editorial Page Editor
Editorials
The Afterlight
On Tokyo Rose
24
THE DENVER POST Thurs., Jan. 8, 1976
THE DENVER POST
Founded on October 28, 1895 by F.G. Bonfils and H. H. Tammen
Helen G. Bonfils, Officer and Director, 1933-72
"Dedicated in perpetuity to the service of the people,
that no good cause shall lack a champion and that
evil shall not thrive unopposed"
DONALD R. SEAWELL, President, Chairman of the Board
CHARLES R. BUXTON, Executive Vice President, Editor and Publisher
EARL R. MOORE, Secretary-Treasurer
WILLIAM HORNBY, Vice President, ROBERT H. SHANAHAN, Vice President,
Executive Editor
General Manager
Clemency Due in 'Tokyo Rose' Case
By ROBERT PATTRIDGE
"And earthly power doth then show likest
guilty on one count. The jury found you guilty of
od's,
This opinion column is by the editorial page
one overt act: "That on a day during October
When mercy seasons justice." WILLIAM
editor of The Denver Post.
1944, the exact date being to the Grand Jurors
HAKESPEARE
unknow, defendant in the offices of the Broad-
The Honolulu Advertiser
Established July 2, 1856
THURSTON TWIGG-SMITH President & Publisher
GEORGE CHAPLIN
Editor-in-Chief
BUCK BUCHWACH
Executive Editor
JOHN GRIFFIN
Editorial Page Editor
MIKE MIDDLESWORTH
Managing Editor
GENE HUNTER
Associate Editor
Friday, February 6, 1976
Case of "Tokyo Rose'
OTIS CHANDLER, Publisher
STort Angeles Stores
ROBERT D. NELSON
Executive Vice President and General Macigar
HARRISON GRAY 1332-1917
WILLIAM F. THOMAS
Executive Vice President 2nd Editor
HARRY CHANDLER, 1917-1944
NORMAN CHANDLER, 1944-1950
CHARLES C. CHASE, Vice Presidear-Production
ROBERT L FLANNES, Vice President and Assistant to the Publisher
ROBERT C. LOBDELL; Vice President and General Countel
VANCE L STICKELL, Vice President-Sales
JAMES BASSETT, Associate Editor
ANTHONY DAY, Editor of the Editorial Pages
ROBERT J. DONOVAN, Associate Editor
FRANK P. HAVEN, Managing Editor
JEAN SHARLEY TAYLOR, Associate Editor
2-PART X
SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 7, 1976
At War With a Legend
FORD
LIBRARY
STRATE
OPINION
San Trancisco Examiner
Page 28
of
Thursday, Mar. 4, 1976
Strange Case
of Tokyo Rose
THE WEEKLY NEWSMAGAZINE Feb. 16, 1976
Vol. 107, No. 7
TIME
AMERICAN NOTES
Counterfeit Inflation
By Any Other Name
"Wonder who your wives and girl
friends are out with tonight?" cooed
MISSOURI DRAFT BOARD & YOUNG MAN (1942)
THE
LIBR
STATE
8
TIME, FEBRUARY 10, 1976
San Francisco Chronicle
The Largest Daily Circulation in Northern California
****
MONDAY, FEB. 16, 1976
777-1111
'Tokyo Rose' Juror
Urges a Pardon
By Jerry Carroll and Keith Power
THE WALL JOURNAL, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1976
Letters to the Editor of the Journal
More on Tokyo Rose'
Editor, The Wall Street Journal:
1
1
$
and are OF are
GEORGE S. GUYSI
Oklahoma City, Okla.
The Washington Star
WASHINGTON, D.C., FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1976
WILL 'TOKYO ROSE' BE FORGIVEN?
THE WASHINGTON POST
Wednesday, March 10, 1976 B3
100W TA
Trial and
Error?
leep Tight,
okyo Rose
A Commentary
By Nicholas von Hoffman
1976. The Washington Post
the ultimate Jap.
There she was, marooned in Japan, also put on exhibition for visiting history of anti Japanese outrages.
King Features Syndicate Inc.
LIBRARY
LORD a DEPARTME
Index
330 PAGES
20 Sections
The Weather
The Washington Post T209 not THEAW
Amusements K1
Living
G
Books
H
Metro
B
day-Mostly sunny, high near 70,
Classified
E1
Obituaries
B
near 40. The chance of precipita-
Editorials
C 6
Sports
D
is near zero through tonight.
Financial M 1 Style
F
onday-Sunny, high near 70. Yes
Gardens
H 5
Travel
L
rday-10 a.m. Air Quality Index,
Detailed Index, Page A2
Temp. range, 73-54. See Page B2.
No. 114
© 1976. The Washington Post Co.
SUNDAY, MARCH 28, 1976
Phone (202) 223-6000
Classified 223-6200
Higher beyond Metropolitan area
th Year
Circulation 223-6100
See Box A2
50
OH
CHICAGO-"I guess that
Special to The Washington Post
By Joel D. Weisman
self - by renouncing her
d'Aquino was d"Aquino her-
who could have helped
Probably the only person
Voice From Out of the Past
Pardon
Sought by
D' Aquino
or
THE WASHINGTON POST
A 18 Sunday, March 28, 1976
is Voice
From Out
Ofthe Past
R. FORD
023820
THE NATIONAL OBSERVER
Week Ending April 3, 1976
OBSERVATIONS
Tokyo Rose,' Three Decades Later
Bruce Koon
mistaken verdict predictions. Patty may have been the strip heroine "Little Orphan Annie."
Residual feelings of what? Of blind hatred left ove
h
:s
S
en
S
16
el
N
'o
1
DI
TE
74
[ see P 56]
The New Hork Times Magazine
DECEMBER 5, 1976/SECTION 6
Judith Jamison:
'Don't call me a star.
Call me a dancer.'
NLD ALD R LIBRARY FORD
STOPPING
THE DEADLY TRADE
IN PLUTONIUM
CONTENTS: PAGE 32
THE GREAT KAHN
The New York Times Magazine
DECEMBER 5, 1976
Cover
Judith Jamison, of the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater, in motion.
"She gives the impression of total commitment-that not one jot of her
emotional, intellectual or physical power is being withheld." Page 40.
Photograph by Bill King. Costume by Scott Barrie
Russell Baker
8 Sunday Observer
Rocked
24 Letters
On feeling guilty, reminiscing, theorizing, clarifying,
comprehending and adjusting.
Leonard Ross
39 How "atoms for peace" became
bombs for sale
The planting of nuclear energy around the world
is bringing forth an appalling harvest.
Deborah Jowitt
40 "Call me a dancer"
In theory, there is no superstar in the Alvin Ailey company
but audiences and critics know better.
Roy Reed
42 Revisiting the Southern mind
Will there be rocking chairs on the front porch
of the White House? Will there be grit trees
blooming in the Rose Garden?
Donald R. Pellman
44 Learning to live with dying
Cancer patients are getting together to
"Make Today Count," by talking about matters
their friends and families find taboo.
John Leggett
56 Tokyo Rose: Traitor or scapegoat?
After World War II, an American girl named
Iva Toguri d'Aquino was convicted of broadcasting
from Tokyo to American troops in the Pacific.
Her case tells America something about itself.
OBOL
USSR
Photograph by Tschopp
THE GREATCOAT
Michael Parfit
59 Build (and fly) it yourself
DESIGNED BY
Thousands of hobbyists are putting together funny-looking
airplanes in their garages-and some of them
HALSTON
will actually get off the ground.
82 Fashion
FINEST
Classics old and new
NATURAL RUSSIAN SABLE
96 Design
Good investment
FROM SOJUZPUSHNINA, LENINGRAD
Craig Claiborne
126 Food
with Pierre Franey
Happy pudding! Merry fruitcake!
BenKahn
140 Puzzles
Last week's answers, Page 139
BEN KAHN SALON
Vincent Canby
151 Endpaper
150 West 30th Street, New York, N.Y. (212) 279-0633
The Christmas list
BEN KAHN AT CARTIER
Picture credits, Page 121
4 East 52nd Street, New York, N.Y. (212) 838-7387
© 1976, The New York Times Co.
Ben Kahn:-Geneva & Milan
32
Tokyo Rose:
By John Leggett
Traitor
or scapegoat?
After World War II, an American girl
named Iva Toguri d'Aquino was
convicted of broadcasting from Tokyo to
American troops in the Pacific. Her case
tells America something about itself.
John Leggett is director of the Writers' Work-
In the teahouse of her Chicago shop, Iva Toguri d'Aquino denies bitterness over the ordeal that began in a
shop at the University of Iowa. His most recent
Japanese jail cell in 1945 (top). "Heck," she says, "you just have to adjust your life."
book is "Ross and Tom."
56
Washington, DC 20500
MN "AV 0091
08H
OH SAPEA 'sedoany W aq
PACIFICA JACL NATIONAL CITIZEN
PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of the Year Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 82 NO. 14
FRIDAY, APRIL 9, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
Nixon criticized for E.O. 9066 view
FROM JACL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
COMMUNICATIONS
Committee for Iva Toguri
The JACL Committee for article by Edwin McDowell.
Iva Toguri welcomes special editorial: 4-Honolulu Advertiser, a valuable service, Feb.
6
articles and editorials from both real and symbolic, would be
the media for its file and done by restoring Mrs. Iva To-
should be addressed to Dr. zenship". guri d'Aquino Mar. her 9 article American by Peter citi-
Clifford Uyeda, care of JACL Rosegg, Gov. Ariyoshi calls for
LIB,
Washington, DC 20500
ARY
MN "AV 0091
0sH
OH
SAPEA 'sedouny M aa
PACIFIC JACL ATIONAL CITIZEN
PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of THEYUGH Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 82 NO. 13
FRIDAY, APRIL 2, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year 15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
'Tokyo Rose' accusers told to lie
Washington, DC 20500
MN "AV 0091
08H
OH
PACIFIC
JACL
CITIZEN SAPEA 'sedorny W I(
PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of the yough - Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 83 NO. 17
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1976
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15 CENTS
y d n 3. 4 em it
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
Pro-Toguri papers found in archives
FORD)
66696 7I Chicago
v9- Rd Shertian N 2009
ounzin налан
TOT
PACIFIC JACL NATIONAL CITIZEN
PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
er of ne to id 1- 1g g
125 Weller St., Los Ange les, Calif 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of THOOUGH Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 82 NO. 9
FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
tional Headquarters.
Present were her two attor-
ditional fund-raising to sus-
in the legal system.'
nevs Dale Minami and Garrick
At one point during the
CHAPTER SPIRIT
t
h
V
Contra Costa JACL
p
C
t
By GFORGE KONDO
paid members. It appears they
NC-WN Regional Director
are well on their way to E
Principal activities of the
achieving their goals of 600 t
members.
Contra Costa JACL place em-
0
phasis on family participation.
Program chairman Glenn d
President Dan Uesugi, with
Onizuka has planned a year t
the support of his board and
full of activities. As one looks f
cabinet officers, promised to
over the list, it is clear that d
make 1976 a year of family
the emphasis is on family par-
I
festivities.
ticipation.
a
Some are athletically ori-
Contra Costa started 1976
y
ented. Two golf tournaments
out very well. Membership
S
are scheduled- the first for
chairperson Kimie Sato has
reported that as early as De-
May 2, and the second some
cember, 1975, there were 302
Continued on Next Page
1
(
COMMUNICATIONS
I
N
Iva Toguri Committee
t
7
(
Washington, DC 20500
MN "AV 0091
08H
Dr M Kuropas, SAPEA HQ
PACIFIC
JACL
NATIONAL
CITIZEN
PUBLICATION OF THE APANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif 90012; (213-626-6936)
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of THROUGH Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 82 NO. 25
FRIDAY, JUNE 25, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
as Japan was concerned since
Japanese Americans. Living in
plishments in both houses or
SACRAMENTO One of the
distinguished community lead-
American girl growing up in
man since 1943, Mansfield
used his great influence in
Japan regained its sovereignty
the Midwest at the time, he
the U.S. Congress are well
many events happening dur-
America. Some of the exhibit-
SACRAMENTO. Calif. The
in
was not relocated.
ership or achievement advanc-
securing corrective and rem-
1952
known, will deliver the trib-
When he purports to speak
ing the general welfare of
ing the National JACL Con-
ors include a photo display by
George Inagaki Prize for the
And, according to Mike Ma-
ute to the Japanese Amel idan
vention will be the Asian Fair,
Jan Ken Po Gakko (Sacra-
chapter having the best pro-
edial legislation for disadvan-
(on Evacuation) for the Japa-
persons of Japanese ancestry
taged and denied Americans,
Continued on Page
3
veterans who served in Korea
in the United States.
June 25, 3:30 to 8:30 p.m. in
mento), a pictorical history of
gran ming in the area of citi-
nese Americans, he is totally
and Vietnam. Sen. Inouye vol-
the Martinique Room of the
Japanese in America by the
zenship was given at the Na-
unqualified and in direct op-
Seven nominees were an-
tional JACL Convention to
unteered for the 442nd RCT
Sacramento Inn.
Citizens Against Nihonmachi
FROM JACL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
position to the Japanese
nounced by Jerry Irei, chair-
Eviction (CANE) of San
one of four applicants:
as private and later received
To generate a greater aware-
American Citizens League,"
man of the selection commit-
COMMUNICATIONS
a battlefield commission in
ness of Asian American groups
Francisco, and a slide show
-Cincinnati JACL, for its
the PSWDC declared.
tee, which sought nominations
Italy. He was awarded the
and program, the Asians Fair
by the Asian Americans for
participation with the Inter-
The Dorothy Corey research
from the chapters and district
Distinguished Service Cross
will be a mixed bag of hap-
Fair Media from Los Angeles.
national Folk Festival, work
poll in May sampled 1,661
ccuncils. They are:
and the Bronze Star Medal
penings - exhibits, speakers
The Asian Fair will be an
with International Garden at
Committee for Iva Toguri
voters (58% Democrat-37%
for heroism in combat. In ad-
1-Assemblyman Paul Ban-
and films.
opportunity to get in touch
Riverfront Development, and
Republican), who indicated a
dition he holds the Purple
nai, by Gardena Valley JACL.
One of the films scheduled
with a wide range of organ-
collaboration with the city
preference of Hayakawa over
San Francisco ver, Apr. 11. Linda Witt's article
Tunney hv to
Heart with two Oak Leaf
2 Jerry Enomoto, director
to be shown is "Sui Mei Wong
izations and programs serv-
schools on Japanese cultural
who Chall T Ro?" Alm
inn
Aciona'
need
No
admis-
heritage programs.