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1505191
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Indochina Refugees - Interagency Task Force: Publications
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Indochina Refugees - Interagency Task Force: Publications
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Theodore C. Marrs Files (Ford Administration)
Theodore Marrs' General Subject Files
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Vietnam (Republic)
Refugees
Vietnamese Americans
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1975-07-31
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1975
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1975-07-01
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1975
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The original documents are located in Box 10, folder "Indochina Refugees - Interagency Task Force: Publications" of the Theodore C. Marrs Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 10 of the Theodore C. Marrs Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library full THE INDOCHINESE REFUGEE PROGRAM Questions and Answers INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE ON INDOCHINA REFUGEES In the past few months, more than 130,000 Indochinese refugees have sought a new life in the United States. Thousands of these people have already found homes but many continue to re- side at six U.S. resettlement centers: Guam; Wake; Camp Pendleton, Cali- fornia; Fort Chaffee, Arkansas; Indian- town Gap Military Reservation, Penn- sylvania; and Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. FORCE In order to leave these camps the UGEES refugees will need sponsors in the United States. This pamphlet has been prepared to inform the public (es- pecially potential sponsors) about the most important aspects of the refugee program. 1 How big a problem will it be for the Are the refugees well educated? refugees to find homes? 130,000 refu- Yes. About 80% of the heads of house- gees sounds like a lot of people. holds have completed high school and With the understanding and help of 30% have college or university degrees. the American people, the Indochinese will get off to a good start in America. What job skills do the refugees have? We absorbed over 600,000 Cuban refu- gees and 40,000 Hungarian refugees Most of the refugees are willing to when circumstances in their countries tackle any kind of work. However, 30% forced them to leave. Each year, we take have held professional, technical or man- in about 450,000 immigrants through agerial positions, another 25% were in normal channels. clerical, sales and service work; 25% in auto and aircraft maintenance and re- lated work; only 10% were in farming. Are the refugees in families, or alone? How many orphans are there? How many jobs will be required for the Most Indochinese families consist of refugees? "extended family units"-grandparents, Approximately 25,000-35,000 heads of uncles, aunts and cousins. While these households will need jobs. Other family families often wish to relocate near each members may also be employable. Over- other, they do not necessarily expect to all, the refugees will constitute an addi- live together. The average family in- tion of less than .067% of our labor force. cludes about 4-5 people although there are several hundred single refugees. There are very few orphans among the What happens to a refugee when he refugees. The vast majority of orphans arrives at one of the U.S. resettlement were airlifted to the United States sev- centers? eral months ago and have already been All of the refugees are processed by placed in homes. About 30% of the refu- the Immigration and Naturalization gees are children under the age of 12. Service for security clearances. They are Another 15% are under age 18. The given health screening and immuniza- adult refugees are almost equally divided tions and they are assigned social security between men and women. numbers. Generally they are in good 2 3 health and less than 5% are referred for finding a job, in enrolling the children medical treatment. in school, and in understanding our laws and customs. Ordinarily, the health Do they speak any English? care costs are all the responsibility of the sponsor. However, unemployed refu- About 40% of the refugees speak some gees are eligible for Medicaid coverage English already. Others are being taught which will protect the sponsor from English in the resettlement centers in unusual medical expense liability. addition to learning a little about Amer- When the refugee becomes self-sup- ican customs to assist them in making porting, the sponsorship obligation is the transition. basically one of continuing friendship. One of the easier ways to sponsor is for How do the refugees find sponsors in interested people to work through a order to leave the centers? group (a church or a club) to share the The State Department has contracted sponsorship responsibilities and costs. with several experienced refugee reset- tlement agencies (listed on page 7 of this What happens if the sponsor-refugee brochure) which interview the refugees match is unsatisfactory? at the camps and match them with in- (I.e. the sponsor doesn't want to provide terested sponsors. assistance or the employment of the State and local governments may also refugee terminates.) contract with the State Department to If the sponsorship breaks down, the resettle refugees. Several state and local sponsor should contact the resettlement governments have already found spon- agency which placed the refugee to find sors for hundreds of refugees and many a substitute sponsor. In the interim, the more are planning to do the same. refugee may be eligible for welfare, Medicaid and food stamps to assist in What's involved in sponsoring a refugee the support of his family until they find family? another sponsor or attain self-sufficiency. A sponsor makes a commitment to feed, clothe and shelter a refugee family Who can sponsor a refugee family? until it is self-supporting. The sponsor Any group or any person who can assists the refugee head of household in seriously undertake the sponsorship 4 5 commitment can be a sponsor. All in- VOLUNTARY AGENCIES AIDING REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT terested sponsors are interviewed by the resettlement agency they are working U.S. Catholic Conference Migration and Refugee Services through; usually the interviewer is a 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. minister or a social worker. Even though Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 659-6625 many of the agencies are church affili- ated, they place refugees of any religion. American Fund for Czechoslovak Refugees 1709 Broadway Room 1316 New York, New York 10019 How do I go about becoming a sponsor? (212) 265-1919 Contact your priest, minister or rabbi; Church World Service or send one of the agencies listed on Immigration and Refugee Program 475 Riverside Drive page 7 of this brochure a completed New York, New York 10027 sponsor interest card (attached). If your (212) 870-2061 state or local government is forming a Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service resettlement agency or if a civic group 315 Park Avenue, South New York, New York 10010 wishes to sponsor refugees in your com- (212) 677-3950 munity, they should contact the resettle- United HIAS Service, Inc. ment branch of the Interagency Task 200 Park Avenue, South Force in Washington (202-632-9180). New York, New York 10003 (212) 674-6800 If you are military or retired military, International Rescue Committee you can call one of the Jerico numbers: 386 Park Avenue, South Army OX 7-5190 New York, New York 10016 (212) 679-0010 Air Force OX 7-5143 American Council for Nationalities Service Marine Corps OX 7-5140 20 West 40th Street Navy OX 7-5406 New York, New York 10018 (212) BR9-2715 Travelers Aid-International Social Services 345 East 46th Street New York, New York 10036 (212) 687-2747 Tolstoy Foundation, Inc. 250 West 57th Street New York, New York 10015 (212) 247-2922 6 7 TM cut here: I understand the sponsorship commitment and I would like to sponsor a refugee family. Signature Please Print: Name Street City State Zip Office Phone: Home Phone: Size of family you wish to sponsor: If offering a job, nature of job, salary: Please give two references (e.g. your employer, your bank) 1. 2. Comments: From: POSTAGE AND FEES PAID DEPARTMENT OF STATE U.S.MAIL STA-501 To: LIBRARY FORD "y GERALD file FORD & 03RALD LIBRARY An Organization and Welcome Guide for Groups Sponsoring Indochinese Refugees We wish to thank Jane Planck, of Washington, D. C. for preparing this brochure. It is through the efforts of tireless volunteers such as Mrs. Planck that ideas can become happenings. In all our national periods of stress volunteers have come forth efficiently, capably and compassionately to help. Many volunteers are coming forth to help with the current Indochinese refugee resettlement program. We welcome them and are grateful to them all. Julia Vadala 2aft Julia Vadala Taft Director Interagency Task Force INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE FOR INDOCHINA REFUGEES Publication 3 July 1975 VIETNAMESE RESETTLEMENT VOLUNTEER SPONSOR PROGRAM A NEW NEIGHBOR WELCOME TO NEW IMMIGRANTS By Jane Planck I. SPONSOR COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION As sponsorship programs are initiated, individual local needs will develop that are not included in this A. Leadership "blue print;" and conversely, not all of this outline will apply in every case. 1. Identify an individual, service club, church It is intended to serve as a springboard, underscore group, business organization, or other known local source. the need, suggest ideas, save time, and generally pro- vide an earlier start for an individual, or group, 2. Announce an organization meeting via all media. wanting to help with Vietnamese resettlement. The experiences developing around the country thus B. Organization Meeting far indicate the distinct advantage of group sponsor- 1. Elect an Administrative Staff ship. It not only spreads the cost of immediate support but it allows for extended maintenance while the language a. Chairman and Co-Chairman is learned and jobs are located. This will be necessary with about 40% of the New Immigrants. -make policy decisions In the face of culture shock affecting some and the evidence of close family relationships with all of them, -determine local potential to sponsor VN it will be well to relocate a minimum of three families (including full maintenance where no in an area with no other Vietnamese whenever it is family member has English. Can be several possible to do so. An alternate solution would be to months.) sponsor one "extended family" when their total number is compatible with the sponsoring group's capability. -be available for media interviews -appoint Action Group Chairmen (when none volunteer) -originate or locate contacts for donated office supplies, and equipment use (type- writers, copier, office furnishings) before renting them -attend all meetings b. Coordinator: a vital position - the heart- line of the operation. Select carefully. -can initiate action, is a two-way information pipe-line, must be advised of all action taken or planned, and dispenses enthusiasm ii 2 3 -coordinates all Action Groups -files a typed record of committee meetings and decisions -if sponsorship is to be large (50 or over) coordinator will need an assistant -receives, distributes and answers all correspondence -authorizes large copier use, and printing orders -keeps a permanent file of correspondence, invoices, agreements, etc. C. Counsel -accepts contributions, issues receipts, -arranges non-profit status (for an records and deposits the funds extensive sponsorship) -maintains a Petty Cash fund and records its use -provides legal advice -writes and mails checks -can be one of the chairmen d. Treasurer -responsible for depositing funds f. Public Relations Chairman (See Action Group 1) -sets up the bookkeeping system -opens bank accounts g. Fund Raiser Chairman (See Action Group 2) -issues Petty Cash fund to secretary 2. Estimate early operating expenses -provides contribution receipts (copier a. For office supplies, telephone, trans- made and issued in duplicate) portation, printing, utilities FORD -authorizes someone to sign checks b. Discuss donation potential and/or alternatives (the secretary is the one dependably GERALD LIBRARY available) 3. Authorize Fund-Raiser to locate "first -publishes the final audit with a expense" fund whale of a public "Thank you for your invaluable support.' 4. Delegate Housing Chairman to locate a Head- quarters Office (free, if possible) e. Secretary: The Information Center a. Can be a vacant office, church room, lodge -keeps a daily log for quick reference hall, Court House room, private home (!) on actions and information or vacant store, which can double as the "Clothing Center" -sets up a 3 X 5 card filing system first thing for supply sources and the all- 5. Identify Action Groups and provide Chairmen important contacts. Have the name, address, phone number, official title and what the posi- a. Jobs, Housing, Food, Clothing, Volunteer tion includes; also record any agreement Corps, Reception, Language Classes, Busi- ness and Professional Council, Orientation b. Solicit volunteers to compose each group 4 c. Elect, or nominate, chairman for each 5 group D. Action Groups d. Request folder files to be kept by all Action Chairmen on projects and contacts 1. Public Relations of each group. It becomes quite valuable. a. Announces location, phone number, useful e. Agree on a permanent name for the committee early donations (office furniture, equipment as an entity. and supplies) and the purpose C. Headquarters b. Sends information to all local groups for meeting announcements 1. Location. Announce it immediately via all media. C. Establishes personal contact with all available communications media, including 2. Furnishings - desk (s) (can be card tables), as many staff members as possible, particularly chairs, shelves, long utility-use tables, photographers typewriter table (s), secretary chair (s) d. Maintains regular contact with available 3. Equipment - typewriter (s), phone(s), copier public service announcements on media channels 4. Office supply check list. e. Keeps the media advised of progress at In-out boxes (empty stationery boxes all times will serve) Spindles (1 long nail through a piece of f. Maintains (or oversees) news clip album 1 X 4) on local and national new immigrant pro- Memo pads (xerox "discards", cut up) gress Large appointment book (the daily "log") Masking tape (to use on wall tape-ups) g. Arranges early for news coverage of any Scotch tape (not to use on walls) activity involving the Sponsor Committee Flair-tip pens (by the dozen) and/or New Immigrants 3 X 5 file box (can be a woman's shoe box) 9 X 12 rug, toys, crayons and coloring books, h. Prepares press releases! plus a play pen so young mothers can volunteer Stationery -include acknowledgments for any contribu- Long and short envelopes tions and/or donations Poster boards Manila folders -watch especially for human interest involve- Yellow legal pads ments: community expressions of interest, Steno pads children's letters, VN experiences during Daily desk calendar their transition. Contact Vets with VN Scissors experience who became interested in the Stapler and remover people Paper clips Rubber bands i. Prepares a fund raising letter Name and address stamp Special use stamps and pad -if mailing list exceeds typist capacity, Marking pens type the form on the office typewriter, 3 X 5 cards using a "Dear Friend" salutation, and the date. Reproduce with copier or photo printing. 7 6 -summer picnic and concert benefit j. Prepares "Thank You" acknowledgments -benefit bridge games -if there are many, a form-type letter can be prepared but insert a personal d. Organize mailing lists paragraph on the specific donation. e. Recontact sources -include Home Office executives when the contributed effort was through, or from, 3. Jobs a branch office. a. Appoint a job search committee k. Submits all publicity and projects for Chairman and Co-Chairman approval. b. Publicize job search in all media. Include club announcements, church newsletters, 1. Promotes clothing, furniture and house- and add the need to be a good New Neighbor hold furnishings drive. (Canned goods can be included) -450,000 enter the US annually through normal immigration channels m. Prepares an article (to use with Fund Drive) to advise the public of possible -60% of the VN are children or the elderly need for total support until the VN learn enough English to be employable. -the total of approximately 30,000 jobs for VN will spread out around the country 2. Fund Raiser -the U.S. absorbed over half a million a. Work with Public Relations to keep the immigrants in the 30's when unemployment public informed of amounts needed: ranged between 14.3 and 24.9 percent -for operating expenses, even if minimal C. Identify and list potential employment sources -for VN support -Chamber of Commerce rosters b. Work with Public Relations to send solicita- -Yellow Pages telephone directory tion letter to local businesses. -City Hall business license bureau C. Prepare fund drive affairs -Manufacturing, assembly plants, food service, -barn dances other service organizations, maintenance companies, moving and storage, fabricating -street fair and dance plants, research (there are many highly educated VN with fluent English), farms, -lawn party with auction of contributed items: dinner for two, movies, motel nurseries, tailors. hospitals, clothing manufacturers, weekend, concert tickets for two, greens fees, merchandise, pony rides, food and d. Divide employment source list and assign to beverage sales, etc. volunteers for personal solicitation -special movies 8 9 e. Advise employers that your first effort b. Keep the secretary and Coordinator to find employment is for Vietnamese fully informed of prospects. with English capability (maintenance and food service work can be handled without C. Check for vacated school buildings equipped English with preliminary instruction by with showers, toilets, kitchen facilities, an interpreter). and convertible rooms. f. Keep a file on job offers, required d. Contact real estate companies for avail- skills, minimum language ability, re- able vacancies. porting time, salary, available trans- portation. e. Announce through all media the need to locate available apartments or houses, g. Coordinate with housing. Keep them furnished or unfurnished. Include posted. notice of a furniture collection storage center. h. For each job offer complete a Sponsor Form (Addendum 3) and send to your f. Inspect all locations. coordinating Volag at the nearest Recep- tion Center listed on the Sponsor Form. g. Contact utilities for accommodations about deposits - many VN will arrive without i. Call a meeting of bankers, lawyers, funds. Chamber of Commerce and other interested citizens to consider establishing a farm h. Be prepared to arrange for multi-occupancy cooperative; handicraft center to produce waivers if they should become necessary. lacquer ware, ceramics, hand-weaving and embroidery; a restaurant; clothing manu- i. Arrange for a volunteer clean-up crew before facture. occupancy; otherwise provide cleaning supplies. j. Investigate SBA loan availability. They are gearing up to work in this area. j. Set up Furnishings Collection Center. k. Schedule follow-up of Vietnamese to k. Make daily announcements on public see that conditions are free of impositions. service media of furnishing needs. 1. PUSH EFFORTS FOR LOCAL AND STATE 1. Solicit the use of furniture pick-up truck. RE-ACCREDITATION. m. For a substitute bed, foam rubber lounge 4. Housing chair pads on the floor make a familiar bed to Vietnamese. a. Prepare an Information Form for 3 X 5 cards to record available housing. n. China and glass factories have "seconds" for a nominal cost. -color code cards for temporary private house offers 5. Food -pin the area wall map as housing is located a. Schedule free physicals to verify health conditions, and identify any malnutrition - especially in children. 10 11 b. Provide a basic supply of groceries and go heavy on the rice. Allow at least e. Provide sorters and markers with large one pound per day per person. wall poster of American sizing system with its Vietnamese equivalent. C. Provide addresses of any local Vietnamese or Oriental grocery store. - an apparel metric guide is available from: d. Escort Vietnamese on a thorough familiarization supermarket tour - Ed. Smith, V.P. for International Sales after the first-day town tour. Continental Building Dallas, Texas 75201 e. Introduce the 2-wheel shopping cart. Phone: 214 748-5211 f. Acquaint Vietnamese with U.S. County Extension Agent system, especially for f. Shoes should be new and properly fitted. local vegetable-growing advice. - plan a Shoe Fund Drive. 6. Clothing g. Arrange for laundering and self-service a. Locate a "Clothing Closet" Center dry cleaning of collected clothing. - equipment: long tables, coat hangers, h. Notify church news letter editors of the clothing racks (can be made with plumb- need for mending volunteers. ing shop 1" pipes, or stretched ropes), shelving, 1" masking tape and non- i. Contact resale clothing shops. They smear pens to attach clothing sizes, donate end-of-the-season clothes. iron and board, mending supplies. 7. Volunteers: The Life-Line b. Announce the Clothing Center regularly on public service broadcasts. a. Regular communication with this committee is the body that holds the heart-line and life-lines together - emphasize small sizes for both men and women. b. Sponsor Committee Chairman makes a public announcement for the following volunteers: - be specific on items: men and boys' shirts, pants, shorts, and ties, over- - interpreters coats, heavy jackets (and light), sweaters, underwear and socks; - clothing center staff women and girls' dresses, coats, sweaters, skirts, slacks, underthings, - mending and alteration sewers hosiery, socks, scarves. Rainwear and canvas shoes for all. - furnishings center staff. Need some men. C. Solicit (or rent) use of sewing machine (s). - headquarters staff typists, filing, phoning, messengers, d. Curtain off a fitting room, with a long researchers for Action Groups, mirror. housing and jobs. 13 h. Arrange a meeting for resident Vietnamese 12 (or a qualified substitute) to inform New Immigrantsof American do's and don'ts - escorts of public health laws, social customs, etc. - language teachers - especially Laubach i. Plan a welcoming party or pot-luck trained. picnic, hosted by the Sponsor Committee, or an organization, and warm their chilled C. Church news letters are a good source for hearts. volunteers. j. Arrange follow-up home hospitality evenings d. Self-adhesive address labels make good to introduce the Vietnamese to American daily name tags. Identify the position of homes and families. each one for the first week. 8. Reception II. LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES a. Round up interpreters. A. Language Classes b. Meet arriving Vietnamese and escort 1. Pre-arrival arrangements them to their home. a. Contact local school systems for available C. Provide a First Meal arrangement. English teaching facility - it must include rice, and hopefully b. Advertise for local Laubach each-one-teach- their favorite seasoning: a fish sauce. one instructor - a Vietnamese menu, with recipes, is in C. Offer Laubach training to volunteer and/or Addendum 2 retired teachers d. Escort to Clothing and Furnishings Center (s), - information and a national list of and to the new employer. Workshop Teachers is available from: e. Show them the nearest grocery and drug store. National Affiliation for Literacy Advance POB 131 f. Plan a town tour. Syracuse, New York 13120 - residential, business center, and a d. Reserve a classroom for Laubach Workshop shopping center. (15-30 hours) g. Become familiar with Social Service - one-to-one lessons are usually for Agencies and explain them to the Vietnamese. illiterates, and group workshops are for others. - send for a textbook list for teaching English to other nationals: Americanization School 36th and Prospect Streets, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20007 14 15 B. Business and Professional Council 2. Provide escorts for get-acquainted tours to: 1. Set up a group of retired business and professional persons to discuss: - City Hall: What it does, how it is used. a. American business methods and practices - Post Office and its services. (In Vietnam the P.O. sends the telegrams.) b. Citizen eligibility requirements - Banks C. Present educational opportunities, nursery through college, and continuation - Department stores education - Shopping centers: supermarket, drug store, d. Scholarship and Federal Education Loans laundromat and self-service dry cleaning, hardware, variety stores such as Woolworth's. - for any problem on education loan availability contact: 3. Arrange How-To sessions on: Don Wortman, Deputy Assistant Secretary - using American eating tools for Program Systems HEW Task Force on Refugees - public transportation 300 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D. C. 20201 - pedestrian rules Phone: 202-245-6024 - paying utility bills 2. Arrange contact with Manpower Training Program - getting a driver's license 3. Provide alternative evening classes in high - finding consignment/resale clothing shops school and/or adult education facilities - with volunteer teachers for: - use of Yellow Pages directory - dressmaking/tailoring - enrolling in schools: pre-enrollment requirements - knitting: sweaters, socks, women's - initiating an employment search: how to contact coats, afghans, hooked rugs (contact agencies, private, Federal or State, and how to mills for material source) use classified ads. - manual training: carpentry, plumbing, - applying for work: resumes and interviews electrician, small applicance and TV repair - time consciousness - the American way C. Orientation - using County Extension Agency services 1. For "Adjustment Shock" pamphlet (primarily for 4. Religion adopted children but generally helpful send to: - freedom of worship Holt Adoption Agency POB 2782 - address of local Buddhist society Eugene, Oregon 97402 16 5. Community services and activities ADDENDUM I - public parks and recreation department VIETNAMESE SPONSOR RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM - public library I - ORGANIZATION - social services 6. Leisure time and entertainment Leadership. Every community has individuals, or groups, quick to respond when there is a civic need for action. - television, movies, public parks and concerts, public swimming pools and playgrounds, indoor This is part of the American Way. There is now a pressing need to resettle the Vietnamese who have expressed a recreation centers, special holiday events and preference to be called "New Immigrants". When the leader- youth groups: Girl and Boy Scouts, Big Brother and Sister Clubs, Camp Fire Girls ship for sponsoring group has been identified locally, plans for helping the Vietnamese resettle in the community can progress to an organization meeting. An immediate public announcement of the proposal and the need for public support will help bring early assistance from businesses and the public generally. Many church groups and individuals have been in the vanguard of offers for sponsorship. Churches with public assistance programs already functioning have been equipped to accept these New Immigrants immediately. They also have the advantage of not needing a competency investigation by Volags (Voluntary Agencies appointed by the State Department to process New Immigrants). As an example, a Northern Virginia ecumenical group of churches organized an assistance program five years ago with a full-time "Clothes Closet" (it is maintained in the base- ment of one of the churches), with regularly scheduled volunteers who serve two months at a time, provide transporta- tion, locate housing, and help to find work for those in need. Thus they were well established and able to offer immediate sponsorship of a Vietnamese family. But ten churches in Grand Rapids, Michigan, moved from scratch with equal speed as they united to pool their effort, and decided at once to sponsor two hundred people. At the organizational meeting for this sponsorship, specific attention should be given to the following: Committee Staff. The two Chairmen positions do not have to be full-time but they do need to be filled by the kind of citizen whose very presence lends such integrity that the public can respond confidently. The legal counsel and treasurer posts require a minimal time-demand; but the Coordinator's day will be long. Consequently, this job needs the full-time and strong, organizational talent of a vibrant, enthusiastic individual able to encourage volunteers to know their time is well spent. 3 2 Jobs. Jobs are all-important and no one realizes this more A pleasant, capable secretary can keep any organi- than the New Immigrants, but they have a major problem and zation operating smoothly; but for this project especially, now they know this too. It is an unwillingness to break communication is the keynote and the secretary must be up their "extended families", a group that can easily be kept fully advised at all times. There is much pressure twenty or more persons. They realize it must be done if in an emergency-type operation and a well-informed secre- they are to find sponsors and jobs, and get on with their tary, along with the Coordinator, can be the balance wheel. resettlement. So, with serious intent, immediate families accept sponsor offers and plan to relocate but when departure Headquarters. The most important consideration in locating time actually arrives, they cannot bring themselves to go an office is to find rent-free space, whether it is an their separate ways. Often, three to four generations live unfinished area in a new building, an unused office, a together as a family unit. warehouse, or an available family room (with a highly motivated family). The number of phones to install would Partly for this reason, and also to help buffer the be dictated by how large the sponsorship is to be. sudden removal to a totally new culture, there should be a minimum of three (immediate) Vietnamese families sponsored Public Relations - Fund Raiser. It would be advantageous to into a community having no other Vietnamese. find a Public Relations Chairman already acquainted in the local media arena. However, if a regular PR person does This close family devotion may well be the most important not turn up at the organization meeting, an interested contribution of our New Immigrants to their new homeland. individual with tenacity and imagination can soon make the Vietnamese family love and devotion is too valuable an asset necessary contacts. Attentive and understanding reporters, to take apart thoughtlessly, if it can be avoided. Insofar announcers and/or editors will help to continue the project as an organized Sponsor Group can provide for an "extended with the right kind of public communication. family", it will be to our benefit to make every effort to keep them together. Varying the human interest angles of the whole resettle- ment problem keeps public attention focused, and offers a Housing. Until resettlement is accomplished and families better understanding of the individual citizen's own place have regained the necessities of work, food and clothing, in the overall picture. Part of this picture is that many homes with minimal basic furnishing will suffice. There New Immigrant families will require full support until the are some readily available American substitutes for tradi- English language has been mastered sufficiently for them to tional Vietnamese furnishings as the following would indicate. hold down a job. An article, or series of articles, detail- They are accustomed to low beds, and to pallets on the floor. ing this part of the problem is essential if the public is Two of our foam rubber summer lounge pads (if they are the to understand the situation better and be willing to offer thinner ones) would make a comfortable approximation of the financial assistance. Japanese Futon bed roll, and will serve until the family Once a group has decided on the number of families, or income can provide regular beds. individuals, it can sponsor; and whether its sponsorship can The Housing Committee will be able to find people be total or partial, a more accurate budget forecast is willing to share their home, if other expenses can be pro- possible. Various fund sources, such as area colleges, vided by a second sponsor or a sponsoring group. Multi- businesses, factories, clubs, and a neighborhood canvas, etc., sponsors of individuals, or families, have provided the best can be scheduled by individual members of the group for method thus far for early resettlement of the Vietnamese. a concentrated drive in their particular area. Some church groups in combination have sufficient means to care for several families. As the need to help the New Immigrants start a new life becomes clearer to a well-informed public, many original Food. It would be helpful to include in the orientation contributors will respond with additional financial support. program a discussion by a Home Economist of the "basic seven" As of this writing, Congress has agreed to reimburse States foods considered necessary here for an adequate diet, especi- for funds they use in the resettlement program. With this ally with the change in climate some of the Vietnamese are in mind, local budgets can be planned to meet expenses not going to experience. Generally, their menu is not too covered by State assistance. 5 4 There will be a serious need for clothing at first. different to our own. Their average daily diet includes Many Vietnamese had only fifteen minutes' notice to leave vegetable soup, prepared meat or fish dishes, and always, for Tannsonhut airport in Saigon, or to make their way to rice. Vegetables are cooked very lightly and meat is cut the boats. into small, thin pieces, smaller than what we call "bite- size". Pepper and an ever-present fish sauce is a part of With a sewing machine, volunteers, an instructor, most recipes; and no Vietnamese considers the meal adequate and the Vietnamese women to help put it all together, they without a bowl of rice. Even a four-course dinner can send could soon be re-clothed. They could also learn how to them away from the table hungry if rice has not been tailor slacks for themselves, shirts and pants for their served; nor is a table setting complete without fish sauce men. for seasoning. There are still textile factory outlets in this country Many New Immigrants at Reception Centers are finding where fabrics are available from 25¢ a yard and up. A it difficult to adjust to our foods, but after several weeks solicitation to the factory by the Fund-Raiser might elicit of this strange new diet, it is hoped that their systems contributed materials for New Immigrant sewing classes. become fairly well conditioned to American foods. Neverthe- The same procedure could possibly find yarn to use for less, their New Neighbors should be familiar with a few prob- knitting classes to make sweaters, socks, women's coats lems. Some children may not be ready for our whole milk and dresses, afghans, and hooked rugs. and will do better on powdered milk, even thinner than we usually prepare it and with honey or sugar added to sweeten Volunteers. The strength of this program depends heavily it lightly. Those who have been subjected to an extremely on the continuing support of volunteers. If the Committee limited diet due to war-time conditions will need to have organizes soundly it can be alert to maintain full communi- their systems introduced gradually to normal meals very cation with the staff and sustain its interest in the simply prepared. project to a successful conclusion. But for this to be accomplished, volunteers must believe their effort is Including the Cornell Bread recipe with the Vietnamese essential. They must be allowed to assume responsibility menu in Addendum 2 does not ignore the fact that the and the Coordinator must keep them well-informed on Vietnamese are not bread-eaters. It is added because of activities in all areas. This information can come directly the high nutritional value it offers to people on limited from the Coordinator, through the use of bulletin board incomes with large families. Two slices of this bread, notices, or by way of the secretary. Periodic meetings with along with butter, a glass of milk, and a serving of progress reports and a solicitation of their ideas rein- Boston Baked Soy Beans can provide a substantial, nutritious forces their sense of involvement. meal at an average cost of 36¢ per serving. The Bean receipe is also included. Reception. If this group wants to provide a truly welcom- ing note for a newly arrived family, it can plan for them This menu is not recommended for a steady diet, but it a first night meal, one that can be eaten with chopsticks; does offer a healthful alternate meal to supplement a low and offer to each member of the family, his own small family budget caught in the crunch of a high-priced market bottle of fish sauce along with a pair of chopsticks. (The basket. recipe for fish sauce is in Addendum 2.) Remember also to be ready with seconds, and even thirds, for the rice bowls. If the Vietnamese are helped to understand the nutritional This gesture will help ease the tension of their first night value of soy beans for their families, it can encourage them in yet another strange location. If it can be managed, an to at least give them a try. It can also help to counter accompanying gift of a small, stiff bolster (called a the inclination to double the rice bowl for a hungry "Dutch Wife") for children under six will provide them with family, especially one with growing children. their version of a "security blanket". Clothing. Do furnish an explanation of American dress habits early on. No woman, from Asia or elsewhere, wants to learn too late that she was not wearing the right thing at the right time. If introductory talks are given, she will be prepared with the right information once she regains a normal wardrobe. 6 Language. Set up language classes in the quickest way 7 possible, whether they are en masse with one teacher, or the Laubach each-one-teach-one method. A special appeal to questions are welcome at any time, on any subject, that retired persons for help with language instruction could mistakes are not fatal and we have only admiration for develop an on-going teacher corps of the Laubach system. the one who possibly stumbles, but picks himself up and Arranging for both individual and class instruction may be starts over again. the best way to meet this critical need. The Americanization School at 36th and Prospect Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. Just remember, everything in your town will be strange and 20007, can provide a list of textbooks they use in their classes. require time for adjustment. The New Immigrants will be A volunteer at Pendleton is teaching English to an enthusiastic too polite to risk offending you by asking about things class of six hundred. puzzling them. It is up to you to anticipate what needs explaining. Business and Professional Council. For the most part, the Vietnamese are a proud people. They are gentle, with Nearly every city will be able to assemble a list of beautiful manners, and most of all they want to be self- interpreters to serve as escorts on introductory tours of supporting. This is not to say there are not among them the town, or to accompany Vietnamese to other necessary the familiar type problem-people. There are, and this appointments. If an interpreter is needed but not avail- makes a careful follow-up on resettlement procedures all able it can be a difficult but not impossible situation. the more important. It can protect the honorable Vietnamese Drawing pencils and scratch pads to illustrate accompany- and new employers as well as sponsoring groups. Their own ing gestures can say volumes. common knowledge of corruption among officials has tended to make them distrustful, sometimes of each other. It is How-To Sessions. It is through these efforts that the strain up to us to help overcome this sensitivity. of resettlement can begin to ease. It is important, too, to help them understand that Religion. There has been considerable misunderstanding on graft and corruption are not an American way of life. the status of Buddhist Vietnamese. Many have believed that We must make them realize that while we, too, have immoral to acquire a sponsor, they must convert to Christianity; individuals operating illegally, they do so at great risk. otherwise, a Christian will not sponsor them. This is not Along with your introduction to available social services, so and needs correcting. One way is to provide the head- advise them about legal-aid and consumer help, then out- quarters address of the Buddhist Churches of America, at 1710 line for them some of the "con artist" methods. Octavia Street, San Franciso, California 94101. That office will send a list of all the Buddhist Churches in the Orientation. Like most Asians, Vietnamese tend to couch U.S. and their location. their answers in the affirmative even when they mean "no." Their motive is one of courtesy as they consider it impolite Advise the Vietnamese of complete freedom to worship to disagree if it can be avoided. If you ask have they been as they choose, that they can meet in homes for their to, or have they done, such and such, the answer can be services, if they choose, until such time as they can "yes". This can really mean "Yes, I have not been to... establish a church building, or temple. done so or whatever. If you are not aware of this early on, conversations can be puzzling; but remember it and time, added to your hospitality efforts, will solve this problem, also. Another contradiction is our use of a good-by wave. To the Vietnamese it means "come here," and the crook of a finger is used only to summon a dog. But common need is universal and it can help the New Immigrant to adjust faster here if you let him know he is not expected to become an expert on our ways and customs overnight. Emphasize that ADDENDUM II Menu Chicken Soup Caramel Pork Vegetable Vietnamese Style Salad Fruit Tea Chicken Soup 1/2 Chicken, or use 4 thighs (Vietnamese prefer dark meat) 1/2 C. Rice 3 T. Fish sauce 3 Spring onions (optional) 4 C. Water Salt, ground pepper Bone the chicken and cut in small, bite-size pieces. Combine chopped onion, fish sauce, salt, and pepper. Mix thoroughly with chicken pieces and let marinate. Add chicken bones, rice, 1/2 t. salt, 4 C. water to pressure cooker. Bring pressure up to 10 lb. and remove from heat. Let stand three minutes and cool under cold running water. Remove the bones and when ready to serve add meat mixture, bring to a boil and cook 5 minutes. Season to taste and serve. Can be served in small portions as an appetizer. Caramel Pork 1/4 C. Sugar 1/2 C. Water 1 lb. Fresh pork, picnic or shoulder 5T. Fish sauce 1 T. Soy sauce lt. Salt 4 Hard cooked eggs Blend sugar and 1/4 C. water in a saucepan. Cook until sugar turns brown. Keep stirring and watch closely to keep from burning. When the sugar has caramelized, add 1/4 C. water Addendum II (cont'd) Addendum II (cont'd) 3 2 and stir until sugar has dissolved. Set aside. Nuoc Mam Sauce Slice pork very thin and in small pieces. Place in a 1/4 C. Fish sauce pressure cooker, add water to cover, and salt to taste. 1/4 C. Water Cook under 10 lb. pressure for five minutes. Reduce 3 T. Sugar, or more pressure, add caramelized sugar mix, soy and fish sauce, 2 T. Vinegar and the eggs. Simmer until liquid reduces to about 1/4 C. 2 Garlic cloves, crushed (optional) and pork is done. Serve over steamed rice. Serves 4. Hot peppers 1 t. Lemon juice Vegetable Sauce can be lightly salty, neither excessively sweet or sour. It replaces table salt. 1/4 lb. Ground pork 1/2 lb. Chinese cabbage 3 Spring Onions Cornell White Bread 2 T. Fish sauce Salt 3 C. Warm water (80°) Pepper, optional 2 Yeast (dry or cake) 2 T. Sugar or honey Combine onions, fish sauce, salt and pepper and mix 7 C. Flour (more if needed) thoroughly with the pork. Add to 2 C. boiling water. Bring 1/4 C. Wheat germ back to a boil and simmer 5 minutes. Separate meat into 3/4 c. Dry milk small bite-size pieces and continue cooking until pork is 3/4 C. Full-fat soy flour done. Add cabbage and cook until it is barely tender. Sea- 4 t. Salt son and serve. Serves four. Pork can be substituted with 2 T. Salad oil beef, or shrimp. Spinach, mustard greens, watercress, squash, or other cabbage can replace Chinese cabbage. Combine water, yeast, sugar or honey in a large bowl. Let stand 6 minutes. Measure and mix together 6 cups flour, wheat germ, soy flour, and dry milk in a separate bowl. Vietnamese Style Salad Stir the yeast mix, add the salt and 3 - 4 cups flour mix. Beat with 75 hand strokes or for two minutes with an 1 sm. Head lettuce electric mixer. Add the salad oil and the rest of the 1/4 lb. Bean sprouts flour mix. Blend and turn out onto a floured board. Add- 2 t. Salad oil 1/4 t. Salt ing remaining flour as it is needed, knead thoroughly until dough is smooth and elastic 5 to 10 minutes. Grease a 2 t. Soy sauce bowl well, place the dough in it and turn over once to 1/4 C. Water bring the greased side to the top. Cover and let rise until 1/2 t. Sugar doubled in bulk (about 1 hour). Punch dough down with vigor, 1 T.+ Vinegar fold over the edges and turn over to bring the bottom top side. Pepper Thinly sliced onion (optional) Let rise 20 minutes more. Turn out on to the board, cut dough in half. A small piece for a very small loaf can be cut Break lettuce into 1" pieces. Toss the lettuce and bean off first. Roll out one piece at a time to about 1" sprouts in oil. Mix remaining ingredients together. Pour thickness, and slightly longer than the bread pan. Starting over salad 1/2 hour before serving. This is sometimes stir- with the far end, roll the dough toward you ending with the fried and served hot. fold on the bottom. Tuck both ends under and place in a greased bread pan. Cover and let rise until doubled in A new source for Nuoc Mam has been established by the major bulk, but not much more. Bake 350° for 50 60 minutes. distributor for it in the U. S. and will be available by mid- If the loaves start to brown too much in the first 15 minutes, September, 1975. Write to Viet My Corp, 1007 St. Stephens reduce heat to 325°. Road, Alexandria, Virginia 22304. Yield: 2 loaves for 60¢ each (current Washington, D.C. prices) Addendum II (cont'd) 4 Boston Baked Soy Beans 2 lb. Soy beans 1 lb. Shoulder pork, chopped small 1 Large onion 1/4 C. Dark molasses 1/4 C. Sugar 2-3 t. Dry mustard 2-1/4 t. Salt 3 C. Tomato juice, optional Pick over beans and wash. Place in a large oven-proof pot with a tight cover. Cover with water. Mix seasonings with enough hot water to make a paste and add to the beans. Add chopped pork and bring to a boil. Sink a whole onion in the center of the pot, cover and bake for 8 hours at 225°. 1/2 lb. salt pork can be used in place of fresh pork. If it is, trim off the rind, scald for 5 minutes, cut in 1/2 inch slices and distribute evenly through the beans before baking. This recipe lends itself well to overnight oven use. Make a last minute check to be sure the water level is over the beans by 1/2 inch. If the "juice" level on the finished product seems low, add water. The flavor is strong enough to take it. Pack in individual or family size servings and freeze. Yield: 3 quart at a cost of 45¢ per quart (without pork and tomato juice) at current Washington, D. C. prices. An Organization and Welcome Guide for Groups Sponsoring Indochinese Refugees FORD & GERALD LIBRARY We wish to thank Jane Planck, of Washington, D. C. for preparing this brochure. It is through the efforts of tireless volunteers such as Mrs. Planck that ideas can become happenings. In all our national periods of stress volunteers have come forth efficiently, capably and compassionately to help. Many volunteers are coming forth to help with the current Indochinese refugee resettlement program. We welcome them and are grateful to them all. Julia Vadala Laft Julia Vadala Taft Director Interagency Task Force INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE FOR INDOCHINA REFUGEES Publication 3 July 1975 THE INDOCHINESE REFUGEE PROGRAM Questions and Answers INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE ON INDOCHINA REFUGEES In the past few months, more than 130,000 Indochinese refugees have sought a new life in the United States. Thousands of these people have already found homes but many continue to re- side at six U.S. resettlement centers: Guam; Wake; Camp Pendleton, Cali- fornia; Fort Chaffee, Arkansas; Indian- town Gap Military Reservation, Penn- sylvania; and Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. FORCE In order to leave these camps the FUGEES refugees will need sponsors in the United States. This pamphlet has been prepared to inform the public (es- pecially potential sponsors) about the most important aspects of the refugee program. 1 How big a problem will it be for the Are the refugees well educated? refugees to find homes? 130,000 refu- Yes. About 80% of the heads of house- gees sounds like a lot of people. holds have completed high school and With the understanding and help of 30% have college or university degrees. the American people, the Indochinese will get off to a good start in America. What job skills do the refugees have? We absorbed over 600,000 Cuban refu- gees and 40,000 Hungarian refugees Most of the refugees are willing to when circumstances in their countries tackle any kind of work. However, 30% forced them to leave. Each year, we take have held professional, technical or man- in about 450,000 immigrants through agerial positions, another 25% were in normal channels. clerical, sales and service work; 25% in auto and aircraft maintenance and re- lated work; only 10% were in farming. Are the refugees in families, or alone? How many orphans are there? How many jobs will be required for the Most Indochinese families consist of refugees? "extended family units"-grandparents, Approximately 25,000-35,000 heads of uncles, aunts and cousins. While these households will need jobs. Other family families often wish to relocate near each members may also be employable. Over- other, they do not necessarily expect to all, the refugees will constitute an addi- live together. The average family in- tion of less than .067% of our labor force. cludes about 4-5 people although there are several hundred single refugees. There are very few orphans among the What happens to a refugee when he refugees. The vast majority of orphans arrives at one of the U.S. resettlement were airlifted to the United States sev- centers? eral months ago and have already been All of the refugees are processed by placed in homes. About 30% of the refu- the Immigration and Naturalization gees are children under the age of 12. Service for security clearances. They are Another 15% are under age 18. The given health screening and immuniza- adult refugees are almost equally divided tions and they are assigned social security between men and women. numbers. Generally they are in good 2 3 health and less than 5% are referred for finding a job, in enrolling the children medical treatment. in school, and in understanding our laws and customs. Ordinarily, the health Do they speak any English? care costs are all the responsibility of the sponsor. However, unemployed refu- About 40% of the refugees speak some gees are eligible for Medicaid coverage English already. Others are being taught which will protect the sponsor from English in the resettlement centers in unusual medical expense liability. addition to learning a little about Amer- When the refugee becomes self-sup- ican customs to assist them in making porting, the sponsorship obligation is the transition. basically one of continuing friendship. One of the easier ways to sponsor is for How do the refugees find sponsors in interested people to work through a order to leave the centers? group (a church or a club) to share the The State Department has contracted sponsorship responsibilities and costs. with several experienced refugee reset- tlement agencies (listed on page 7 of this What happens if the sponsor-refugee brochure) which interview the refugees match is unsatisfactory? at the camps and match them with in- (I.e. the sponsor doesn't want to provide terested sponsors. assistance or the employment of the State and local governments may also refugee terminates.) contract with the State Department to If the sponsorship breaks down, the resettle refugees. Several state and local sponsor should contact the resettlement governments have already found spon- agency which placed the refugee to find sors for hundreds of refugees and many a substitute sponsor. In the interim, the more are planning to do the same. refugee may be eligible for welfare, Medicaid and food stamps to assist in What's involved in sponsoring a refugee the support of his family until they find family? another sponsor or attain self-sufficiency. A sponsor makes a commitment to feed, clothe and shelter a refugee family Who can sponsor a refugee family? until it is self-supporting. The sponsor Any group or any person who can assists the refugee head of household in seriously undertake the sponsorship 4 5 commitment can be a sponsor. All in- VOLUNTARY AGENCIES AIDING REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT terested sponsors are interviewed by the U.S. Catholic Conference resettlement agency they are working Migration and Refugee Services through; usually the interviewer is a 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. minister or a social worker. Even though Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 659-6625 many of the agencies are church affili- ated, they place refugees of any religion. American Fund for Czechoslovak Refugees 1709 Broadway Room 1316 New York, New York 10019 How do I go about becoming a sponsor? (212) 265-1919 Contact your priest, minister or rabbi; Church World Service or send one of the agencies listed on Immigration and Refugee Program 475 Riverside Drive page 7 of this brochure a completed New York, New York 10027 sponsor interest card (attached). If your (212) 870-2061 state or local government is forming a Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service resettlement agency or if a civic group 315 Park Avenue, South New York, New York 10010 wishes to sponsor refugees in your com- (212) 677-3950 munity, they should contact the resettle- United HIAS Service, Inc. ment branch of the Interagency Task 200 Park Avenue, South Force in Washington (202-632-9180). New York, New York 10003 (212) 674-6800 If you are military or retired military, International Rescue Committee you can call one of the Jerico numbers: 386 Park Avenue, South Army OX 7-5190 New York, New York 10016 (212) 679-0010 Air Force OX 7-5143 American Council for Nationalities Service Marine Corps OX 7-5140 20 West 40th Street Navy OX 7-5406 New York, New York 10018 (212) BR9-2715 Travelers Aid-International Social Services 345 East 46th Street New York, New York 10036 (212) 687-2747 Tolstoy Foundation, Inc. 250 West 57th Street New York, New York 10015 (212) 247-2922 6 7 cut here: I understand the sponsorship commitment and I would like to sponsor a refugee family. Signature Please Print: Name Street City State Zip Office Phone: Home Phone: Size of family you wish to sponsor: If offering a job, nature of job, salary: Please give two references (e.g. your employer, your bank) 1. 2. Comments: From: POSTAGE AND FEES PAID DEPARTMENT OF STATE U.S.MAIL STA-501 To: VIETNAMESE RESETTLEMENT VOLUNTEER SPONSOR PROGRAM A NEW NEIGHBOR WELCOME TO NEW IMMIGRANTS By Jane Planck I. SPONSOR COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION As sponsorship programs are initiated, individual local needs will develop that are not included in this A. Leadership "blue print;" and conversely, not all of this outline will apply in every case. 1. Identify an individual, service club, church group, business organization, or other known It is intended to serve as a springboard, underscore local source. the need, suggest ideas, save time, and generally pro- vide an earlier start for an individual, or group, 2. Announce an organization meeting via all media. wanting to help with Vietnamese resettlement. B. Organization Meeting The experiences developing around the country thus far indicate the distinct advantage of group sponsor- 1. Elect an Administrative Staff ship. It not only spreads the cost of immediate support but it allows for extended maintenance while the language a. Chairman and Co-Chairman is learned and jobs are located. This will be necessary with about 40% of the New Immigrants. -make policy decisions In the face of culture shock affecting some and the -determine local potential to sponsor VN evidence of close family relationships with all of them, (including full maintenance where no it will be well to relocate a minimum of three families in an area with no other Vietnamese whenever it is family member has English. Can be several months.) possible to do SO. An alternate solution would be to sponsor one "extended family" when their total number is -be available for media interviews compatible with the sponsoring group's capability. -appoint Action Group Chairmen (when none volunteer) -originate or locate contacts for donated office supplies, and equipment use (type- writers, copier, office furnishings) before renting them -attend all meetings b. Coordinator: a vital position - the heart- line of the operation. Select carefully. -can initiate action, is a two-way information pipe-line, must be advised of all action taken or planned, and dispenses enthusiasm ii 3 2 -files a typed record of committee -coordinates all Action Groups meetings and decisions -if sponsorship is to be large (50 or -receives, distributes and answers all over) coordinator will need an assistant correspondence -authorizes large copier use, and -keeps a permanent file of correspondence, printing orders invoices, agreements, etc. C. Counsel -accepts contributions, issues receipts, -arranges non-profit status (for an records and deposits the funds extensive sponsorship) -maintains a Petty Cash fund and records its use -provides legal advice -writes and mails checks -can be one of the chairmen -responsible for depositing funds d. Treasurer f. Public Relations Chairman (See Action Group 1) -sets up the bookkeeping system g. Fund Raiser Chairman (See Action Group 2) -opens bank accounts 2. Estimate early operating expenses -issues Petty Cash fund to secretary a. For office supplies, telephone, trans- -provides contribution receipts (copier portation, printing, utilities made and issued in duplicate) b. Discuss donation potential and/or -authorizes someone to sign checks alternatives (the secretary is the one dependably available) 3. Authorize Fund-Raiser to locate "first expense" fund -publishes the final audit with a whale of a public "Thank you for 4. Delegate Housing Chairman to locate a Head- your invaluable support." quarters Office (free, if possible) e. Secretary: The Information Center a. Can be a vacant office, church room, lodge hall, Court House room, private home (!) -keeps a daily log for quick reference or vacant store, which can double as the on actions and information "Clothing Center" -sets up a 3 X 5 card filing system first 5. Identify Action Groups and provide Chairmen thing for supply sources and the all- important contacts. Have the name, address, a. Jobs, Housing, Food, Clothing, Volunteer phone number, official title and what the posi- Corps, Reception, Language Classes, Busi- tion includes; also record any agreement ness and Professional Council, Orientation b. Solicit volunteers to compose each group 4 C. Elect, or nominate, chairman for each 5 group D. Action Groups d. Request folder files to be kept by all Action Chairmen on projects and contacts 1. Public Relations of each group. It becomes quite valuable. a. Announces location, phone number, useful e. Agree on a permanent name for the committee early donations (office furniture, equipment as an entity. and supplies) and the purpose C. Headquarters b. Sends information to all local groups for meeting announcements 1. Location. Announce it immediately via all media. C. Establishes personal contact with all available communications media, including 2. Furnishings - desk (s) (can be card tables), as many staff members as possible, particularly chairs, shelves, long utility-use tables, photographers typewriter table (s), secretary chair (s) d. Maintains regular contact with available 3. Equipment - typewriter (s), phone (s) copier public service announcements on media channels 4. Office supply check list. e. Keeps the media advised of progress at In-out boxes (empty stationery boxes all times will serve) Spindles (1 long nail through a piece of f. Maintains (or oversees) news clip album 1 X 4) on local and national new immigrant pro- Memo pads (xerox "discards", cut up) gress Large appointment book (the daily "log") Masking tape (to use on wall tape-ups) g. Arranges early for news coverage of any Scotch tape (not to use on walls) activity involving the Sponsor Committee Flair-tip pens (by the dozen) and/or New Immigrants 3 X 5 file box (can be a woman's shoe box) 9 X 12 rug, toys, crayons and coloring books, h. Prepares press releases! plus a play pen so young mothers can volunteer Stationery -include acknowledgments for any contribu- Long and short envelopes tions and/or donations Poster boards Manila folders -watch especially for human interest involve- Yellow legal pads ments: community expressions of interest, Steno pads children's letters, VN experiences during Daily desk calendar their transition. Contact Vets with VN Scissors experience who became interested in the Stapler and remover people Paper clips Rubber bands i. Prepares a fund raising letter Name and address stamp Special use stamps and pad -if mailing list exceeds typist capacity, Marking pens type the form on the office typewriter, 3 x 5 cards using a "Dear Friend" salutation, and the date. Reproduce with copier or photo printing. 7 6 -summer picnic and concert benefit j. Prepares "Thank You" acknowledgments -benefit bridge games -if there are many, a form-type letter can be prepared but insert a personal d. Organize mailing lists paragraph on the specific donation. e. Recontact sources -include Home Office executives when the contributed effort was through, or from, 3. Jobs a branch office. a. Appoint a job search committee k. Submits all publicity and projects for Chairman and Co-Chairman approval. b. Publicize job search in all media. Include club announcements, church newsletters, 1. Promotes clothing, furniture and house- and add. the need to be a good New Neighbor hold furnishings drive. (Canned goods can be included) -450,000 enter the US annually through normal immigration channels m. Prepares an article (to use with Fund Drive) to advise the public of possible -60% of the VN are children or the elderly need for total support until the VN learn enough English to be employable. -the total of approximately 30,000 jobs for VN will spread out around the country 2. Fund Raiser -the U.S. absorbed over half a million a. Work with Public Relations to keep the immigrants in the 30's when unemployment public informed of amounts needed: ranged between 14.3 and 24.9 percent -for operating expenses, even if minimal C. Identify and list potential employment sources -for VN support -Chamber of Commerce rosters b. Work with Public Relations to send solicita- -Yellow Pages telephone directory tion letter to local businesses. -City Hall business license bureau C. Prepare fund drive affairs -Manufacturing, assembly plants, food service, -barn dances other service organizations, maintenance companies, moving and storage, fabricating -street fair and dance plants, research (there are many highly educated VN with fluent English), farms, -lawn party with auction of contributed nurseries, hospitals, clothing manufacturers, items: dinner for two, movies, motel tailors. weekend, concert tickets for two, greens fees, merchandise, pony rides, food and d. Divide employment source list and assign to beverage sales, etc. volunteers for personal solicitation -special movies 8 9 e. Advise employers that your first effort b. Keep the secretary and Coordinator to find employment is for Vietnamese fully informed of prospects. with English capability (maintenance and food service work can be handled without C. Check for vacated school buildings equipped English with preliminary instruction by with showers, toilets, kitchen facilities, an interpreter). and convertible rooms. f. Keep a file on job offers, required d. Contact real estate companies for avail- skills, minimum language ability, re- able vacancies. porting time, salary, available trans- portation. e. Announce through all media the need to locate available apartments or houses, g. Coordinate with housing. Keep them furnished or unfurnished. Include posted. notice of a furniture collection storage center. h. For each job offer complete a Sponsor Form (Addendum 3) and send to your f. Inspect all locations. coordinating Volag at the nearest Recep- tion Center listed on the Sponsor Form. g. Contact utilities for accommodations about deposits - many VN will arrive without i. Call a meeting of bankers, lawyers, funds. Chamber of Commerce and other interested citizens to consider establishing a farm h. Be prepared to arrange for multi-occupancy cooperative; handicraft center to produce waivers if they should become necessary. lacquer ware, ceramics, hand-weaving and embroidery; a restaurant; clothing manu- i. Arrange for a volunteer clean-up crew before facture. occupancy; otherwise provide cleaning supplies. j. Investigate SBA loan availability. They are gearing up to work in this area. j. Set up Furnishings Collection Center. k. Schedule follow-up of Vietnamese to k. Make daily announcements on public see that conditions are free of impositions. service media of furnishing needs. 1. PUSH EFFORTS FOR LOCAL AND STATE 1. Solicit the use of furniture pick-up truck. RE-ACCREDITATION. m. For a substitute bed, foam rubber lounge 4. Housing chair pads on the floor make a familiar bed to Vietnamese. a. Prepare an Information Form for 3 X 5 cards to record available housing. n. China and glass factories have "seconds" for a nominal cost. -color code cards for temporary private house offers 5. Food -pin the area wall map as housing is located a. Schedule free physicals to verify health conditions, and identify any malnutrition - especially in children. 10 11 b. Provide a basic supply of groceries and e. Provide sorters and markers with large go heavy on the rice. Allow at least wall poster of American sizing system one pound per day per person. with its Vietnamese equivalent. C. Provide addresses of any local Vietnamese - an apparel metric guide is available or Oriental grocery store. from: d. Escort Vietnamese on a thorough Ed. Smith, V.P. for International Sales familiarization supermarket tour - Continental Building after the first-day town tour. Dallas, Texas 75201 e. Introduce the 2-wheel shopping cart. Phone: 214 748-5211 f. Acquaint Vietnamese with U.S. County f. Shoes should be new and properly fitted. Extension Agent system, especially for local vegetable-growing advice. - plan a Shoe Fund Drive. 6. Clothing g. Arrange for laundering and self-service dry cleaning of collected clothing. a. Locate a "Clothing Closet" Center h. Notify church news letter editors of the - equipment: long tables, coat hangers, need for mending volunteers. clothing racks (can be made with plumb- ing shop 1" pipes, or stretched ropes) i. Contact resale clothing shops. They shelving, 1" masking tape and non- donate end-of-the-season clothes. smear pens to attach clothing sizes, iron and board, mending supplies. 7. Volunteers: The Life-Line b. Announce the Clothing Center regularly on a. Regular communication with this committee is public service broadcasts. the body that holds the heart-line and life-lines together - emphasize small sizes for both men and b. Sponsor Committee Chairman makes a public women. announcement for the following volunteers: - be specific on items: men and boys' 1 - interpreters shirts, pants, shorts, and ties, over- coats, heavy jackets (and light), - clothing center staff sweaters, underwear and socks; women and girls' dresses, coats, - mending and alteration sewers sweaters, skirts, slacks, underthings, hosiery, socks, scarves. Rainwear and - furnishings center staff. Need some men. canvas shoes for all. - headquarters staff C. Solicit (or rent) use of sewing machine (s). typists, filing, phoning, messengers, researchers for Action Groups, d. Curtain off a fitting room, with a long housing and jobs. mirror. 13 h. Arrange a meeting for resident Vietnamese 12 (or a qualified substitute) to inform New Immigrantsof American do's and don'ts - escorts of public health laws, social customs, etc. - language teachers - especially Laubach i. Plan a welcoming party or pot-luck trained. picnic, hosted by the Sponsor Committee, or an organization, and warm their chilled C. Church news letters are a good source for hearts. volunteers. j. Arrange follow-up home hospitality evenings d. Self-adhesive address labels make good to introduce the Vietnamese to American daily name tags. Identify the position of homes and families. each one for the first week. 8. Reception II. LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES a. Round up interpreters. A. Language Classes b. Meet arriving Vietnamese and escort 1. Pre-arrival arrangements them to their home. a. Contact local school systems for available C. Provide a First Meal arrangement. English teaching facility - it must include rice, and hopefully b. Advertise for local Laubach each-one-teach- their favorite seasoning: a fish sauce. one instructor - a Vietnamese menu, with recipes, is in C. Offer Laubach training to volunteer and/or Addendum 2 retired teachers d. Escort to Clothing and Furnishings Center (s), - information and a national list of and to the new employer. Workshop Teachers is available from: e. Show them the nearest grocery and drug store. National Affiliation for Literacy Advance POB 131 f. Plan a town tour. Syracuse, New York 13120 1 - residential, business center, and a d. Reserve a classroom for Laubach Workshop shopping center. (15-30 hours) g. Become familiar with Social Service - one-to-one lessons are usually for Agencies and explain them to the Vietnamese. illiterates, and group workshops are for others. - send for a textbook list for teaching English to other nationals: Americanization School 36th and Prospect Streets, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20007 14 15 B. Business and Professional Council 2. Provide escorts for get-acquainted tours to: 1. Set up a group of retired business and professional persons to discuss: - City Hall: What it does, how it is used. - a. American business methods and practices - Post Office and its services. (In Vietnam the P.O. sends the telegrams.) b. Citizen eligibility requirements - Banks C. Present educational opportunities, nursery through college, and continuation - Department stores education - Shopping centers: supermarket, drug store, d. Scholarship and Federal Education Loans laundromat and self-service dry cleaning, hardware, variety stores such as Woolworth's. - for any problem on education loan availability contact: 3. Arrange How-To sessions on: Don Wortman, Deputy Assistant Secretary - using American eating tools for Program Systems HEW Task Force on Refugees - public transportation 300 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D. C. 20201 - pedestrian rules Phone: 202-245-6024 - paying utility bills 2. Arrange contact with Manpower Training Program - getting a driver's license 3. Provide alternative evening classes in high - finding consignment/resale clothing shops school and/or adult education facilities - with volunteer teachers for: - use of Yellow Pages directory - dressmaking/tailoring - enrolling in schools: pre-enrollment requirements - knitting: sweaters, socks, women's - initiating an employment search: how to contact coats, afghans, hooked rugs (contact mills for material source) 1 agencies, private, Federal or State, and how to use classified ads. - manual training: carpentry, plumbing, - applying for work: resumes and interviews electrician, small applicance and TV repair - time consciousness - the American way C. Orientation - using County Extension Agency services 1. For "Adjustment Shock" pamphlet (primarily for 4. Religion adopted children but generally helpful send to: - freedom of worship Holt Adoption Agency POB 2782 - address of local Buddhist society Eugene, Oregon 97402 16 5. Community services and activities ADDENDUM I - public parks and recreation department VIETNAMESE SPONSOR RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM - public library I - ORGANIZATION - social services 6. Leisure time and entertainment Leadership. Every community has individuals, or groups, quick to respond when there is a civic need for action. - television, movies, public parks and concerts, This is part of the American Way. There is now a pressing public swimming pools and playgrounds, indoor need to resettle the Vietnamese who have expressed a recreation centers, special holiday events and preference to be called "New Immigrants". When the leader- youth groups: Girl and Boy Scouts, Big ship for sponsoring group has been identified locally, plans Brother and Sister Clubs, Camp Fire Girls for helping the Vietnamese resettle in the community can progress to an organization meeting. An immediate public announcement of the proposal and the need for public support will help bring early assistance from businesses and the public generally. Many church groups and individuals have been in the vanguard of offers for sponsorship. Churches with public assistance programs already functioning have been equipped to accept these New Immigrants immediately. They also have the advantage of not needing a competency investigation by Volags (Voluntary Agencies appointed by the State Department to process New Immigrants). As an example, a Northern Virginia ecumenical group of churches organized an assistance program five years ago with a full-time "Clothes Closet" (it is maintained in the base- ment of one of the churches), with regularly scheduled volunteers who serve two months at a time, provide transporta- tion, locate housing, and help to find work for those in need. Thus they were well established and able to offer immediate sponsorship of a Vietnamese family. But ten churches in Grand Rapids, Michigan, moved from scratch with equal speed as they united to pool their effort, and decided at once to sponsor two hundred people. At the organizational meeting for this sponsorship, specific attention should be given to the following: Committee Staff. The two Chairmen positions do not have to be full-time but they do need to be filled by the kind of citizen whose very presence lends such integrity that the public can respond confidently. The legal counsel and treasurer posts require a minimal time-demand; but the Coordinator's day will be long. Consequently, this job needs the full-time and strong, organizational talent of a vibrant, enthusiastic individual able to encourage volunteers to know their time is well spent. 3 2 Jobs. Jobs are all-important and no one realizes this more A pleasant, capable secretary can keep any organi- than the New Immigrants, but they have a major problem and zation operating smoothly; but for this project especially, now they know this too. It is an unwillingness to break communication is the keynote and the secretary must be up their "extended families", a group that can easily be kept fully advised at all times. There is much pressure twenty or more persons. They realize it must be done if in an emergency-type operation and a well-informed secre- they are to find sponsors and jobs, and get on with their tary, along with the Coordinator, can be the balance wheel. resettlement. So, with serious intent, immediate families accept sponsor offers and plan to relocate but when departure Headquarters. The most important consideration in locating time actually arrives, they cannot bring themselves to go an office is to find rent-free space, whether it is an their separate ways. Often, three to four generations live unfinished area in a new building, an unused office, a together as a family unit. warehouse, or an available family room (with a highly motivated family). The number of phones to install would Partly for this reason, and also to help buffer the be dictated by how large the sponsorship is to be. sudden removal to a totally new culture, there should be a minimum of three (immediate) Vietnamese families sponsored Public Relations - Fund Raiser. It would be advantageous to into a community having no other Vietnamese. find a Public Relations Chairman already acquainted in the local media arena. However, if a regular PR person does This close family devotion may well be the most important not turn up at the organization meeting, an interested contribution of our New Immigrants to their new homeland. individual with tenacity and imagination can soon make the Vietnamese family love and devotion is too valuable an asset necessary contacts. Attentive and understanding reporters, to take apart thoughtlessly, if it can be avoided. Insofar announcers and/or editors will help to continue the project as an organized Sponsor Group can provide for an "extended with the right kind of public communication. family", it will be to our benefit to make every effort to keep them together. Varying the human interest angles of the whole resettle- ment problem keeps public attention focused, and offers a Housing. Until resettlement is accomplished and families better understanding of the individual citizen's own place have regained the necessities of work, food and clothing, in the overall picture. Part of this picture is that many homes with minimal basic furnishing will suffice. There New Immigrant families will require full support until the are some readily available American substitutes for tradi- English language has been mastered sufficiently for them to tional Vietnamese furnishings as the following would indicate. hold down a job. An article, or series of articles, detail- They are accustomed to low beds, and to pallets on the floor. ing this part of the problem is essential if the public is Two of our foam rubber summer lounge pads (if they are the to understand the situation better and be willing to offer thinner ones) would make a comfortable approximation of the financial assistance. Japanese Futon bed roll, and will serve until the family income can provide regular beds. Once a group has decided on the number of families, or individuals, it can sponsor; and whether its sponsorship can The Housing Committee will be able to find people be total or partial, a more accurate budget forecast is willing to share their home, if other expenses can be pro- possible. Various fund sources, such as area colleges, vided by a second sponsor or a sponsoring group. Multi- businesses, factories, clubs, and a neighborhood canvas, etc., sponsors of individuals, or families, have provided the best can be scheduled by individual members of the group for method thus far for early resettlement of the Vietnamese. a concentrated drive in their particular area. Some church groups in combination have sufficient means to care for several families. As the need to help the New Immigrants start a new life becomes clearer to a well-informed public, many original Food. It would be helpful to include in the orientation contributors will respond with additional financial support. program a discussion by a Home Economist of the "basic seven" As of this writing, Congress has agreed to reimburse States foods considered necessary here for an adequate diet, especi- for funds they use in the resettlement program. With this ally with the change in climate some of the Vietnamese are in mind, local budgets can be planned to meet expenses not going to experience. Generally, their menu is not too covered by State assistance. 5 4 There will be a serious need for clothing at first. different to our own. Their average daily diet includes Many Vietnamese had only fifteen minutes' notice to leave vegetable soup, prepared meat or fish dishes, and always, for Tannsonhut airport in Saigon, or to make their way to rice. Vegetables are cooked very lightly and meat is cut the boats. into small, thin pieces, smaller than what we call "bite- size". Pepper and an ever-present fish sauce is a part of With a sewing machine, volunteers, an instructor, most recipes; and no Vietnamese considers the meal adequate and the Vietnamese women to help put it all together, they without a bowl of rice. Even a four-course dinner can send could soon be re-clothed. They could also learn how to them away from the table hungry if rice has not been tailor slacks for themselves, shirts and pants for their served; nor is a table setting complete without fish sauce men. for seasoning. There are still textile factory outlets in this country Many New Immigrants at Reception Centers are finding where fabrics are available from 25¢ a yard and up. A it difficult to adjust to our foods, but after several weeks solicitation to the factory by the Fund-Raiser might elicit of this strange new diet, it is hoped that their systems contributed materials for New Immigrant sewing classes. become fairly well conditioned to American foods. Neverthe- The same procedure could possibly find yarn to use for less, their New Neighbors should be familiar with a few prob- knitting classes to make sweaters, socks, women's coats lems. Some children may not be ready for our whole milk and dresses, afghans, and hooked rugs. and will do better on powdered milk, even thinner than we usually prepare it and with honey or sugar added to sweeten Volunteers. The strength of this program depends heavily it lightly. Those who have been subjected to an extremely on the continuing support of volunteers. If the Committee limited diet due to war-time conditions will need to have organizes soundly it can be alert to maintain full communi- their systems introduced gradually to normal meals very cation with the staff and sustain its interest in the simply prepared. project to a successful conclusion. But for this to be accomplished, volunteers must believe their effort is Including the Cornell Bread recipe with the Vietnamese essential. They must be allowed to assume responsibility menu in Addendum 2 does not ignore the fact that the and the Coordinator must keep them well-informed on Vietnamese are not bread-eaters. It is added because of activities in all areas. This information can come directly the high nutritional value it offers to people on limited from the Coordinator, through the use of bulletin board incomes with large families. Two slices of this bread, notices, or by way of the secretary. Periodic meetings with along with butter, a glass of milk, and a serving of progress reports and a solicitation of their ideas rein- Boston Baked Soy Beans can provide a substantial, nutritious forces their sense of involvement. meal at an average cost of 36¢ per serving. The Bean receipe is also included. Reception. If this group wants to provide a truly welcom- ing note for a newly arrived family, it can plan for them This menu is not recommended for a steady diet, but it a first night meal, one that can be eaten with chopsticks; does offer a healthful alternate meal to supplement a low and offer to each member of the family, his own small family budget caught in the crunch of a high-priced market bottle of fish sauce along with a pair of chopsticks. (The basket. recipe for fish sauce is in Addendum 2.) Remember also to be ready with seconds, and even thirds, for the rice bowls. If the Vietnamese are helped to understand the nutritional This gesture will help ease the tension of their first night value of soy beans for their families, it can encourage them in yet another strange location. If it can be managed, an to at least give them a try. It can also help to counter accompanying gift of a small, stiff bolster (called a the inclination to double the rice bowl for a hungry "Dutch Wife") for children under six will provide them with family, especially one with growing children. their version of a "security blanket". Clothing. Do furnish an explanation of American dress habits early on. No woman, from Asia or elsewhere, wants to learn too late that she was not wearing the right thing at the right time. If introductory talks are given, she will be prepared with the right information once she regains a normal wardrobe. 6 Language. Set up language classes in the quickest way 7 possible, whether they are en masse with one teacher, or the Laubach each-one-teach-one method. A special appeal to questions are welcome at any time, on any subject, that retired persons for help with language instruction could mistakes are not fatal and we have only admiration for develop an on-going teacher corps of the Laubach system. the one who possibly stumbles, but picks himself up and Arranging for both individual and class instruction may be starts over again. the best way to meet this critical need. The Americanization School at 36th and Prospect Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. Just remember, everything in your town will be strange and 20007, can provide a list of textbooks they use in their classes. require time for adjustment. The New Immigrants will be A volunteer at Pendleton is teaching English to an enthusiastic too polite to risk offending you by asking about things class of six hundred. puzzling them. It is up to you to anticipate what needs explaining. Business and Professional Council. For the most part, the Vietnamese are a proud people. They are gentle, with Nearly every city will be able to assemble a list of beautiful manners, and most of all they want to be self- interpreters to serve as escorts on introductory tours of supporting. This is not to say there are not among them the town, or to accompany Vietnamese to other necessary the familiar type problem-people. There are, and this appointments. If an interpreter is needed but not avail- makes a careful follow-up on resettlement procedures all able it can be a difficult but not impossible situation. the more important. It can protect the honorable Vietnamese Drawing pencils and scratch pads to illustrate accompany- and new employers as well as sponsoring groups. Their own ing gestures can say volumes. common knowledge of corruption among officials has tended to make them distrustful, sometimes of each other. It is How-To Sessions. It is through these efforts that the strain up to us to help overcome this sensitivity. of resettlement can begin to ease. It is important, too, to help them understand that Religion. There has been considerable misunderstanding on graft and corruption are not an American way of life. the status of Buddhist Vietnamese. Many have believed that We must make them realize that while we, too, have immoral to acquire a sponsor, they must convert to Christianity; individuals operating illegally, they do so at great risk. otherwise, a Christian will not sponsor them. This is not Along with your introduction to available social services, so and needs correcting. One way is to provide the head- advise them about legal-aid and consumer help, then out- quarters address of the Buddhist Churches of America, at 1710 line for them some of the "con artist" methods. Octavia Street, San Franciso, California 94101. That office will send a list of all the Buddhist Churches in the Orientation. Like most Asians, Vietnamese tend to couch U.S. and their location. their answers in the affirmative even when they mean "no." Their motive is one of courtesy as they consider it impolite Advise the Vietnamese of complete freedom to worship to disagree if it can be avoided. If you ask have they been as they choose, that they can meet in homes for their to, or have they done, such and such, the answer can be services, if they choose, until such time as they can "yes". This can really mean "Yes, I have not been to establish a church building, or temple. done so or whatever. If you are not aware of this early on, conversations can be puzzling; but remember it and time, added to your hospitality efforts, will solve this problem, also. Another contradiction is our use of a good-by wave. To the Vietnamese it means "come here," and the crook of a finger is used only to summon a dog. But common need is universal and it can help the New Immigrant to adjust faster here if you let him know he is not expected to become an expert on our ways and customs overnight. Emphasize that ADDENDUM II Menu Chicken Soup Caramel Pork Vegetable Vietnamese Style Salad Fruit Tea Chicken Soup 1/2 Chicken, or use 4 thighs (Vietnamese prefer dark meat) 1/2 C. Rice 3 T. Fish sauce 3 Spring onions (optional) 4 C. Water Salt, ground pepper Bone the chicken and cut in small, bite-size pieces. Combine chopped onion, fish sauce, salt, and pepper. Mix thoroughly with chicken pieces and let marinate. Add chicken bones, rice, 1/2 t. salt, 4 C. water to pressure cooker. Bring pressure up to 10 lb. and remove from heat. Let stand three minutes and cool under cold running water. Remove the bones and when ready to serve add meat mixture, bring to a boil and cook 5 minutes. Season to taste and serve. Can be served in small portions as an appetizer. Caramel Pork 1/4 C. Sugar 1/2 C. Water 1 lb. Fresh pork, picnic or shoulder 5 T. Fish sauce 1 T. Soy sauce 1 t. Salt 4 Hard cooked eggs Blend sugar and 1/4 C. water in a saucepan. Cook until sugar turns brown. Keep stirring and watch closely to keep from burning. When the sugar has caramelized, add 1/4 C. water Addendum II (cont'd) 3 Addendum II (cont'd) 2 and stir until sugar has dissolved. Set aside. Nuoc Mam Sauce Slice pork very thin and in small pieces. Place in a 1/4 C. Fish sauce pressure cooker, add water to cover, and salt to taste. 1/4 C. Water Cook under 10 lb. pressure for five minutes. Reduce 3 T. Sugar, or more pressure, add caramelized sugar mix, soy and fish sauce, 2 T. Vinegar and the eggs. Simmer until liquid reduces to about 1/4 C. 2 Garlic cloves, crushed (optional) and pork is done. Serve over steamed rice. Serves 4. Hot peppers lt. Lemon juice Vegetable Sauce can be lightly salty, neither excessively sweet or sour. It replaces table salt. 1/4 lb. Ground pork 1/2 lb. Chinese cabbage 3 Spring Onions Cornell White Bread 2 T. Fish sauce Salt 3 c. Warm water (80°) Pepper, optional 2 Yeast (dry or cake) 2 T. Sugar or honey Combine onions, fish sauce, salt and pepper and mix 7 C. Flour (more if needed) thoroughly with the pork. Add to 2 C. boiling water. Bring 1/4 C. Wheat germ back to a boil and simmer 5 minutes. Separate meat into 3/4 C. Dry milk small bite-size pieces and continue cooking until pork is 3/4 C. Full-fat soy flour done. Add cabbage and cook until it is barely tender. Sea- 4 t. Salt son and serve. Serves four. Pork can be substituted with 2 T. Salad oil beef, or shrimp. Spinach, mustard greens, watercress, squash, or other cabbage can replace Chinese cabbage. Combine water, yeast, sugar or honey in a large bowl. Let stand 6 minutes. Measure and mix together 6 cups flour, wheat germ, soy flour, and dry milk in a separate bowl. Vietnamese Style Salad Stir the yeast mix, add the salt and 3 - 4 cups flour mix. Beat with 75 hand strokes or for two minutes with an 1 sm. Head lettuce electric mixer. Add the salad oil and the rest of the 1/4 lb. Bean sprouts flour mix. Blend and turn out onto a floured board. Add- 2 t. Salad oil ing remaining flour as it is needed, knead thoroughly until 1/4 t. Salt dough is smooth and elastic - 5 to 10 minutes. Grease a 2 t. Soy sauce bowl well, place the dough in it and turn over once to 1/4 C. Water bring the greased side to the top. Cover and let rise until 1/2 t. Sugar doubled in bulk (about 1 hour). Punch dough down with vigor, 1 T.+ Vinegar fold over the edges and turn over to bring the bottom top side. Pepper Let rise 20 minutes more. Turn out on to the board, cut dough Thinly sliced onion (optional) in half. A small piece for a very small loaf can be cut off first. Roll out one piece at a time to about 1" Break lettuce into 1" pieces. Toss the lettuce and bean thickness, and slightly longer than the bread pan. Starting sprouts in oil. Mix remaining ingredients together. Pour with the far end, roll the dough toward you ending with the over salad 1/2 hour before serving. This is sometimes stir- fold on the bottom. Tuck both ends under and place in a fried and served hot. greased bread pan. Cover and let rise until doubled in A new source for Nuoc Mam has been established by the major bulk, but not much more. Bake 350° for 50 - 60 minutes. distributor for it in the U. S. and will be available by mid- If the loaves start to brown too much in the first 15 minutes, reduce heat to 325°. September, 1975. Write to Viet My Corp, 1007 St. Stephens Road, Alexandria, Virginia 22304. Yield: 2 loaves for 60¢ each (current Washington, D.C. prices) Addendum II (cont'd) 4 Boston Baked Soy Beans 2 lb. Soy beans 1 lb. Shoulder pork, chopped small 1 Large onion 1/4 C. Dark molasses 1/4 C. Sugar 2-3 t. Dry mustard 2-1/4 t. Salt 3 c. Tomato juice, optional Pick over beans and wash. Place in a large oven-proof pot with a tight cover. Cover with water. Mix seasonings with enough hot water to make a paste and add to the beans. Add chopped pork and bring to a boil. Sink a whole onion in the center of the pot, cover and bake for 8 hours at 225°. 1/2 lb. salt pork can be used in place of fresh pork. If it is, trim off the rind, scald for 5 minutes, cut in 1/2 inch slices and distribute evenly through the beans before baking. This recipe lends itself well to overnight oven use. Make a last minute check to be sure the water level is over the beans by 1/2 inch. If the "juice" level on the finished product seems low, add water. The flavor is strong enough to take it. Pack in individual or family size servings and freeze. Yield: 3 quart at a cost of 45¢ per quart (without pork and tomato juice) at current Washington, D. C. prices.