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Correspondence (3)
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Charles E. Goodell Papers
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The original documents are located in Box 2, folder "Correspondence (3)" of the Charles E.
Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Charles Goodell donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 2 of the Charles E. Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
November 5, 1974
Dear Ray:
My apologies for not responding earlier to your
letter of September 26. I was literally inundated with mail
and phone calls in that period.
It meant a great deal to me to hear from you again,
and I am glad to hear you haven't lost prescient powers. It
is fun being back in the swing of things, even though the
Clemency Board is a tough job.
I hope all of your family is thriving and that you
and Ginger are happy in Middletown. Some day soon I'm sure our
paths will cross. Please give my love to Ginger.
With warm regards, I am
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Mr. Ray Wieloszynskis
72 Irwin Avenue
Middletown, New York 10940
FORD & LIBRAST COALD
REGORD
The Times Herald
RECORD
ORANGE COUNTY PUBLICATIONS, A DIVISION OF OTTAWAY NEWSPAPERS, INC.
40 Mulberry Street, Middletown, New York 10940 Diamond 3-2181
26 Sept. 1974
Dear Charlie,
Congratulations on your appointment by President
Ford and best wishes to you for good luck in taking
on a sticky wicket. I have full confidence in your
ability to handle it.
I was particularly self-satisfied in reading of
the appointment because, in one of those offhand
remarks that come off hand occasionally, I said to
Ginger upon the elevation of Ford to the presidency
that: He'll appoint Charlie Goodell back into gov-
ernment.
Ginger and I were on the Queen Elizabeth 2 on the
Atlantic returning from England when Nixon resigned
and Ford stepped up. It recreated an old World War II
sensation, the one that went something like "What
are they doing back home while I'm away!"
When UPI moved the story of your appointment I
contacted our Washington bureau and had Mark Brown
try to reach you. Thank you for talking to him.
The story made us the first New York daily to carry
a reaction from you with the appointment story on
that news cycle.
Our b est wishes to all the Goodells.
Sincerely,
Kay
Ray
Wieloszynskis
72 Irwin Ave.
Middletown, N.Y. 10940
HYDEMAN, MASON & GOODELL
1225 NINETEENTH STREET. N.W.
ARTHUR K. MASON
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
LEE M. HYDEMAN
HAROLD E. MESIROW
TELEPHONE
JOHN M. BURZIO
JAMES T. LLOYD
202 659-3650
JAMES H. HELLER
CHARLES E. GOODELL
CABLE ADDRESS
HASTEN
OF COUNSEL
ALGER B. CHAPMAN
ALEXANDER M. LANKLER
November 5, 1974
BERALD FORD
Dear Ed:
Thank you for your letter of September 27 and your
support of my taking the chairmanship of the Clemency Board
in spite of your view favoring unconditional amnesty. As
Father Hesburgh puts it, "Some of us now have an opportunity
to do something to help a few of those who have suffered."
The Clemency Board has given priority to the 85
cases of individuals who were still in Federal prison at the
time of the President's Proclamation. They have been released
on furlough pending action by the Board. Surprisingly, they
have been slow in submitting their applications to the Board,
and those who have not applied will have to return to prison
on November 15. I am concerned that there are another 8,700
people out there who have been through the criminal justice
system and served their sentences. The Board does plan to
recommend pardons in accordance with guidelines which the
Board is in the process of determining.
Those who have already paid the penalty have nothing
to lose, since their status will remain unchanged if the Board refuses
clemency. They could conceivably get a pardon. To date, we have
had only 130 applications from this group.
There is an even larger group of individuals who either
deserted from the military or were booted out with undesirable
discharges.
The Defense Department estimates more than 100,000
people are eligible for clemency. We have had 401 applications
from this group to date. Once again they have nothing to lose
in applying to the Clemency Board.
The Board has agreed unanimously that under no circum-
stances will information given to us be made available to another
Federal agency. The Justice Department has given us a legal
-2-
opinion upholding our right to keep our files confidential.
We are urging applicants to consult attorneys and are referring
them to orgaizations such as the ACLU which stand ready to
provide free legal assistance. Applicants are guaranteed the
right to examine their files, and the Board is sending each of
them a summary of the evidence extracted from their files
which will be considered by the Board. In short, we are doing
everything we can to guarantee that applicants will be accorded
their full rights even though there is no clear legal or
constitutional requirement for us to do so.
I can understand why some individuals would be reluc-
tant to come back, sign a letter of acknowledgement of loyalty
and undertake alternate service under threat of prosecution.
I do not understand why anyone would fail to apply to the
Clemency Board, since our jurisdiction is limited to those who
have already paid the penalty. There is, unfortunately, a great
deal of confusion about the various aspects of the clemency
program. Judging from our applicants so far, a large number
of those who are eligible for the program are from poor back-
grounds with limited education. I expect that many of them
don't realize that they are eligible for consideration by the
Clemency Board.
The clemency program does not contemplate the granting
of blanket pardons. We are charged with considering each case
on its merits. Our first recommendations should be going to the
President within the next 30 days. Anything you can do to assist
in the educational process would be appreciated by the Board
and could be of great personal benefit to many people.
I apologize for my tardiness in replying to your letter.
I can only say that I have been inundated with mail and phone
calls since my appointment.
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely, Charlie Goodell
Charles E. Goodell
Mr. Edward F. Snyder
Friends Committee on National
Legislation
245 Second Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20002
November 5, 1974
&
FORD
Dear Ed:
Thank you for your letter of September 27 and your
support of my taking the chairmanship of the Clemency Board
in spite of your view favoring unconditional amnesty. AB
Father Hesburgh puts it, "Some of us now have an opportunity
to do something to helpaa few of those who have suffered."
The Clemency Board has given priority to the 85
cases of individuals who were still in Federal prison at the
time of the President's Proclamation. They have been released
on furlough pending action by the Board. Surprisingly, they
have been slow in submitting their applications to the Board,
and those who have not applied will have to return to prison
on November 15. I am concerned that there are another 8,700
people out there who have been through the criminal justice
system and served their sentences. The Board does plan to
recommend pardons in accordance with guidelines which the
Board is in the process of determining.
Those who have already paid the penalty have nothing
to lose, since their status will remain unchanged if the Board refuses
clemency. They could conceivably get a pardon. To date, we have
had only 130 applications from this group.
There is an even larger group of individuals who either
deserted from the military or were booted out with undesirable
discharges.
The Defense Department estimates more than 100,000
people are eligible for clemency. We have had 401 applications
from this group to date. Once again they have nothing to lose
in applying to the Clemency Board.
The Board has agreed unamimously that under no circum-
stances will information given to us be made available to another
Federal agency. The Justice Department has given us a legal
-2-
opinion upholding our right to keep our files confidential.
We are urging applicants to consult attorneys and are referring
them to orgaizations such as the ACLU which stand ready to
provide free legal assistance. Applicants are guaranteed the
right to examine their files, and the Board is sending each of
them a summery of the evidence extracted from their files
which will be considered by the Board. In short, we are doing
everything we can to guarantee that applicants will be accorded
their full rights even though there is no clear legal or
constitutional requirement for us to do so.
I can understand why some individuals would be reluc-
tant to come back, sign a letter of acknowledgement of loyalty
and undertake alternate service under threat of prosecution.
I do not understand why anyone would fail to apply to the
Clemency Board, since our juriddiction is limited to those who
have already paid the penalty. There is, unfortunately, a great
deal of confusion about the various aspects of the clemency
program. Judging from our applicants so far, a large number
of those who are eligible for the program are from poor back-
grounds with limited education. I expect that many of them
don't realize that they are eligible for consideration by the
Clemency Board.
The clemency program does not contemplate the granting
of blanket pardons. We are charged with considering each case
on it merit. Our first recommendations should be going to the
President within the next 30 days. Anything you can do to assist
in the educational process would be appreciated by the Board
and could be of great personal benefit to many people.
I apologize for my tardiness in replying to your letter.
I can only say that I have been inundated with mail and phone
calls since my appointment.
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Mr. Edward F. Snyder
Friends Committee on National
Legislation
245 Second Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20002
FCNL
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION
245 Second Street, N.E.
September 27, 1974
Washington. D.C. 20002
(202) 547-4343
Charles E. Goodell
1225 Nineteenth Street, Suite 601
Washington, D. C. 20036
Dear Charlie:
I have been very much interested to read that you have been put on the
hot seat as chairman of the Presidential Clemency Board. I understand
some people in the anti-war movement have recommended that you resign
before you start. While we support unconditional amnesty and have
been somewhat critical of the Administration's proposal, I wouldn't
endorse that recommendation at all.
I hope you and the other members of the Board stick it out, because
you can do a great deal to ameliorate personal tragedies of hundreds
of young men. I suppose you may have had occasion recently to recall
the gentleman in Lincoln's story who said, as he was ridden out of
town tarred and feathered on a rail, "If it weren't for the honor
I would rather walk."
Very soon I hope you and the Board will have an opportunity to consider
recommending a blanket pardon and complete restoration of civil rights
for the young men who have completed their prison terms for Selective
Service law violations. These young men are largely forgotten in the
current furor, but they are some of the most principled people of all.
Many of them refused to register, notified their draft boards of their
civil disobedience, stood trial, went to prison, and served their time.
They now suffer numerous civil disabilities as ex-felons. Due to the
firmness of their beliefs, it is rather unlikely that many of them will
be applying to your Board for some sort of clemency recommendation,
especially with the possibility (hopefully infinitesimal) of an
alternative service requirement being imposed upon them. Simple equity
requires that these men who actually served their time should not be
denied their various civil rights while those who are just now surfacing
don't lose theirs.
Stephen L. Angell, Jr.
A recommendation by your Board to the President of a blanket pardon for
Chairman, General Comm.
Marian D. Fuson
them soon would seem to be very much in order.
Chairman, Executive Comm.
E. Raymond Wilson
Executive Sec. Emeritus
Best wishes to you for your work in the months ahead.
Edward F. Snyder
Executive Secretary
Frances E. Neely
Sincerely yours,
Legislative Secretary
Harold B. Confer
Legislative Secretary
George I. Bliss
No
Field Secretary
Paul E. Brink
Publication Secretary
Edward F. Snyder
P. Nick Block
EFS/ewb
Administrative Secretary
Alice Stout
Administrative Assistant
Evelyn W. Bradshaw
Administrative Assistant
November 7, 1974
Dear Rabbi Lipschitz:
Please forgive my tardiness in acknowledging
your very gracious letter of September 20, 1974;
but life itself was a bit overwhelming and hectic
in the period just past.
I want you to know it is always heartwarming
and rewarding to receive generous expressions such
as yours. Thank you.
With kind personal regards, I am
Sincerely,
Rabbi Chaim U. Lipschitz, D.D.
225 Keap Street
Brookly, New York 11211
FORD LIBRARY & 074838 are
P'w9'7 '718 0"N 17n
Rabbi Chaim U. Lipschitz, D.D.
225 Keap Proet/Brocklyn. New York 11211
4th Day Tishre 5735
September 20th 1974
Hon. Charles Goddell:
The White House
Washington, D.C.
My dear Mr. Goddell:
I was overwhelmed with joy to learn of your re-
ascending the ladder of political leadership.
May you be granted with success in whatever
you do.
CUL:sg
Your Rabbi sincere Dr. Chaim friend, aspan U. Lipschitz
MANAGING EDITOR, "The Jewish Press", Brooklyn, N.Y.
DIRECTOR, Community Service Bureau, Mesivta Torah Vodaath, Brooklyn, N.Y.
PRESIDENT, National Information Bureau for Jewish Life, New York, N.Y.
VICE PRESIDENT for RESEARCH and PROJECT, Mesivta Talmudical Seminary, Brooklyn, N.Y.
BROOKLYN
U.S.POSTAGE
SEP20'74
E10E E ≡
NY
DR
METER
r.L.149905
Hon. Charles Goddell
The White House
Washington, D.C.
425 EAST NINTH STREET
BROOKLYN, N. Y. 11218
November 12, 1974
Dear Phil:
Thanks for your letter of September 17 and
your offer of assistance.
At the moment it is not contemplated that
the Clemency Board will have any field offices
or undertake any direct investigations in the
field around the country.
We are, lowever, urging all applicants to
get legal assistance. The ACLU and some other
organizations are volunteering to represent
Clemency Board applicants. If you would be
available to discuss any applicants we might have
from the Cleveland area, we would be glad to
refer them to you.
It was good to hear from you, and I appreciate
your thoughtfulness in witting.
with kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
Mr. Philip M. Dawson
Clafe, Halter & Griswold
1800 Central National
Bank Building
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
GERALD R. FORD
Calfee, Halter & Griswold
EDWIN G.HALTER
MICHAEL L.MILLER
EINAR G.CARLSON
JOHN D.LEECH
JOHN B. CALFEE
Attorneys at Law
JAMES F. STREICHER
CHARLES F.PENNINGTON
DONALD F. WOODCOCK
CARL G.SCHLUEDERBERG
1800 Central National Bank Building
THOMAS A.JORGENSEN
BRUCE GRISWOLD
DALE C.LAPORTE
DANIEL L.EKELMAN
Cleveland, 44114
TIMOTHY J. NOLAN
JOHN L. NAYLOR,JR.
CHARLES B.DONAHUE II
HUBBARD C.CAPES
Area Code 216/781-2166
BRIAN M. EISENBERG
THOMAS K.M.VICTORY
FREDERICK W.ASSINI
RICHARD CUSICK
F.RUSH MSKNIGHT
MILLER B.PENNELL
WILLIAM A.MINNICH
OF COUNSEL
JOSEPH D. SULLIVAN
EDMOND L.SIKOROVSKY
DAVID L.CARPENTER
CHARLES R.EMRICK,JR.
TERENCE J.CLARK
RICHARD N.OGLE
RONALD H.NEILL
WILLIAM A. PAPENBROCK
September 17, 1974
RODERICK C.MACKINNON
JOHN D. WHEELER
PHILIP M. DAWSON
THOMAS J. MCGUIRE
JAMES S.CAHN
C.RICHARD BRUBAKER
THOMAS E.WAGNER
ROBERT A.RICHARDSON
MICHAEL D. HORLICK
THOMAS E.BAKER
P.RICHARD ANDERSON,JR.
ROBERT J.AMSDELL
DAVID E. BISHOP
The Honorable Charles E. Goodell
c/o The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20013
Dear Mr. Goodell,
By way of reintroduction, while growing up in Jamestown I was
better known as "Flip" and you were kind enough to write a letter of
recommendation for me in 1968 when I was applying to law school. Perhaps
you might better remember me as Bo's older brother (or Jane's younger
brother). In any event, I thought you would be interested in the attached
article that appeared this morning in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. For
all the media's criticism of late, I think this particular article rather
accurately traces your career.
I would also take this opportunity to offer any service or
assistance I may be able to render you in your new post. I have nothing
specific in mind but in the event assistance of some type is required in the
Northeast Ohio area from someone with a legal background, I would be honored
to do whatever I can. I am associated with the law firm that was headed by
Al Sommer until his appointment last year to the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
Congratulations on your appointment, good luck with the difficult
task ahead and kindest personal regards.
Sincerely yours,
Phil
Philip M. Dawson
PMD:1b
Enc
12-A
THE PLAIN DEALER, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1974
Goodell first resister to get amnesty
By Richard G. Zimmerman
"This will not be a judi-
publicane to sit in Congress.
that year. But rather than
because he felt
- Dester Westington Burner
ctal process," Goodall/and
But Goodell' fervout, out-
treating his fellow Republi-
- gsing
WASHINGTON
Like
yesterday, "but rather the
spoken opposition to former
can more gently than the
Clemency Board will be
Democrats, Agnew seemed
to pro Communis earn-
the hundrede of young draft,
President Nixon's - pelis
to take special relish in
tries), Geedell a strong
resisters and deserters be
primarily directed toward,
cien resulted dn his belng
abusing Goodell Among
supperter of most civil
ultimately will judge,
equalizing justice."
run out of public office in
other insults, Agnew de-
rights logislation
Charles Elleworth Goodall
Asked if he considers his
1970 by a vengeful Spire
scribed Goodell as "the
Jr. has suffered greatly as
appointment a clear indica-
Agnew... That year Agnew
Christine Jorgensen of the
He first, evidence an un-
e result of his opposition to
tion that Ford wants the
a the behest of Nixon,
Republican Party," a refer-
easiness over American in
American military involve-
new board to dispense clem-
mounted a sustained attack
ence intended to euggest
volvement in Southeast Asia
ment in Southeast Asia.
ency freely and compas-
on antiwer candidates that
Goodell's converuion to the
as early as 1966, when he
Goodell, 48, appointed
sionately, Goodell said, "the
h e the D vice president
peace movement was an
proposed in a House speech
yesterday by President
President already has indi-
lumped together under the
unnaturally sudden occur-
that the U.S. should pro-
Ford to head the Clemency
cated the lines he wants us
heading of
ence
mote a, plebiacite in South
Associated Press
Board, literally gave up his
to take he wants the ap-
als" in Congress.
Vietnam to test the strength
proach to be of a non-puni-
According to one eyewit-
Goodell, running for a full
and popularity of the Na.
Charles E Gardell
political life in 1970 because
tive nature."
ness, Agnew exclaimed "we
tional Liberation Front
he opposed his OWN party's
Senate term after being ep-
t that son of a bitch"
president on the Vietnam
In the 1960s, as the United
pointed to fill the vacancy
(Communists), "It is impor-
created because he was
when a television network
war issue. He considers his
States sank slowly into the
tant that those who draft
created by the death of New
announced Goodell had lost
running from the entire
appointment a chance to
Vietnam quagmire, Goodell
the (South Vietnamese)
York Sen. Robert F. Kenda-
h three-wey New York
state of New York in 1970
help heal the wounds laft by
was considered one of the
constitution and those who
dy, was the only Republican
senate race to Conservative
the 'war he so detested.
smartest, ablest young Re-
hold public office know the
instead of from a rural, con-
on Agnew's enemies list
Party candidate James L
contiments of the voters en
servative congressional dis-
Buckley,
this issue."
trict and had nothing to do
In fact, Goodell's opposi-
A the 1968 Republican
with his now solidified op-
tion to the war in Southeast
Convention, Goodell helped
position to the war. But the
Asia was neither sudden or
draft a compromise plank
sudden change in his ap-
unnatural. While a solid
o n the Vietnam War and
conservative on many
pearance left him open to
was largely responsible for
domestic issues and a lead-
Agnew's charges that his
the strong civil rights plank
ing critic of the administra-
philosophy, too, had sudden-
in the platform.
tion of President Johnson's
ly changed because he was
War on Poverty, Goodell at
When he was appointed to
running from liberal New
the very start of his politi-
succeed Kennedy in June
York State. The attacks
cal career proved to have a
1968 by New York Gov. Net-
deeply hurt Goodell, re-
highly sensitive social con-
son Rockefeller, Goodell
membered here as a quiet
science.
voiced stronger opposition
pipe smoker who was un-
to the war. He proposed a
able to fathom Agnew's ran-
As one of the youngest
30-day bombing halt as a
cor.
members of the House,
Goodell, although normally
algn of good faith on the
While Agnew's attacks in
a party alist, also
part of the U.S. and flatly
1970 did most White House
showed little patience with
stated this country "should
enemies little harm, they
the crusty House GOP es
not be involved in a ground
worked in Goodell's case,
tablishment. In 1963 he
war in Southeast Asla."
mainly because he was in a
joined with a group of GOP
While his opposition to the
three-man race.
Young Turks" in the
war evolved slowly, friends
House to unseat the troglo-
recall Goodell joined the
No W Agnew and Nixon
dyte chairman of the House,
Med Generation practically
are gone and two of Good-
Republican Conference.
overnight. He let his hair
eM's oldest personal and po-
Two years later, the same
grow and purchased a new
bitical friends Gerry Ford
group displaced Charles A.
wardrobe of wide, wild ties
and Nelson Rockefeller
Halleck, R-Ind. the Old
and modiably tailored suits.
are at the top. The rehabili-
Guard's House minority
tation of Charlie Goodell
leader.
Goodell's new image
has begun.
In both instances, the
Young Turks successfully
backed Gerald R. Ford Jr
against the entrenched
members of the House es-
tablishment. The contests
did not involve Aberal-
versus-conservative split,
but rather was a centest
between the younger, more
aggressive members of
Congress and the ruling
senior establishment,
While his early voting
record to Congress was not
sentially conservative, the
opposed the 1962 foreign aid
1800 CENTRAL NATIONAL BANK BUILDING
CLEVELAND, OHIO 44114
CLEVELAND
U.S.POSTAGE
SEP17'74
13
OHIO
*************
825064
Air Mail
The Honorable Charles E. Goodell
c/o The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D. C.
20013
RANDOM HOUSE, INC.
201 EAST 50TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10022
TELEPHONE 212 751-2600
CHARLOTTE LEON MAYERSON
EDITOR
13 November 1974
Charles Goodell
1225 19th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Dear Charlie:
How are you? I've been reading about all your new activities
and am very pleased that things seem to be going so well for you. Today
I received from Professor Charles Miller of the Lake Forest College De-
partment of Politics the enclosed proposal for the Presidential Clemency
Board with a request that it be forwarded to you which I hereby do. I
found it terribly interesting myself.
Regards,
Charlotte
Charlotte Mayerson
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
CLM/il
enc.
November 20, 1974
Dear Lorraine:
It was good to hear from you, and thank
you for your congratulations. I appreciate
your offer of help and would like to suggest
that the best way to help is to give legal
assistance on a voluntary basis to those who
are applying for clemency from the New York
area. The ACLU and other organizations are
volunteering to represent Clemency Board appli-
cants.
In answer to the favor you ask, I will try
to meet with your students, but must ask that
you hold off your request until after the holi-
days when the Clemency Board schedule is not so
demanding. I am not in New York very often, but
we will see what can be worked out.
With warm regard, I am
Sincerely,
Professor Lorraine Colville
John Jay College of Criminal
Justice
445 West 59th Street
New York, N.Y. 10019
JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
The City University of New York
445 West 59th Street, New York, N. Y. 10019
212 489-5183
September 20, 1974
Hon. Charles E. Goodell, Chairman
Clemency Review Board
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Charlie:
Congratulations and every good wish for success with
this new and challenging task. I know that you will do a great
job. The President has made a fine choice--could not be better!
Robert Armao and I talk about you whenever we meet, have
dinner or sit around the library table at home. We are so proud
of you, and are happy for the turn of events which brought you
back to where you belong--public service. While others would
have lashed out at those who were responsible for their defeat,
you have handled yourself like the gentleman and dedicated public
servant we knew you to be through all your triumphs and defeat.
If I can be of any help to you (as a volunteer) please do
not hesitate to let me know. It would be my pleasure to be of
service to you.
I do have one favor to ask--a promise that when you are
free (?!), and in New York City, that you will consent to be a
distinguished guest at the College. I want my students to meet
and hear you as a special treat. Following your appearance, you
will be our guest for lunch, dinner and/or cocktails--Bob and
Peggy Armao and myself. I'll work out any date and time con-
venient for you.
Again, congratulations and good luck. Warmest personal
regards and best wishes.
Cordially,
V
q'
Louaine
%
Lorraine Colville
LC:bg
CEG- - 11/26/71 unders. file 1976
This letter,
marked personal,
was initially
opened by
the Rentagon,
not us,
emo
CEG sitate R. ruply ?
DEC 9 1974
November. 30, 19H
Mr. Charles Goodell
National Amnesty Office,
Washington, D.C.
FORD & SERALD LIBRARY
Dear Charles,
I have not had the opportunity - or have not seized the opportunity -
to renew our friendship, begun so generously by yourself when Philip
and I were wards of the state.
The opportunity is here, in a way I cannot longer put off. It is
also here on a painful oceasion, for me. I will not attempt to speak
for Philip, though I presume his feelings on amnesty would not differ
markedly from my own.
In any case, the photo of yourself and President Ford receiving the
pens of state and conferring them, is enough to send a conscious
head up the wall. I think to myself, does some light 'honor', confer-
red strategically in the name of old friendship, do this to my friends?
and can an honorable man know when he is being cynically used to
peddly the cheapest (but in the case of the conscious, the most
costly) of myths?
You must pardon me, if I sound offensive. I still move with friends
who have been in prtson during the bloodshot sixties, who are risking
prison over and over again, just in disservice to the myth that the
war and its necessary horrors, is over. In service to the political
prisoners rotting in our jails in Saigon. In service also to the
deserters abroad, to whom this noisome bait of iron and velvet, is
being peddled. In service also to those still being hunted down in
America for crimes of conscience committed years ago.
I have just returned from Sweden, where I spent long hours with
the deserters there, whom the 'amnesty' offer is turning into resist-
ers. I wonder if you have any inkling of what they thik of Ford, of
his offer, of its implications on the American public, and by inevit-
able implication, of yourself. I had occasion there to congratulate
them for choosing exile, to the big lie. To tell them also that their
standing on comecience, was strengthening us in our resolve at home,
to speak the truth, to remind people of the continuing deaths in
Vietnam - death which we are financing and engineering, as surely as
though the Vietnamese still stood at the sights of our guns. I encouraged
them, in other words, to stand with us and the victims - rather than
with you.
These are harsh words, and I write them with more than ordinary pain.
We are grown used, by necessity, to the infamy and duplicity of those
who waste the world in our name. But we cannot grow used, no human
being can, seeing our friends ally themselves with such power, or
appear as its instruments. I recommend to you the magnificent statement
of the American resisters issued from Canada some weeks ago; a state-
2.
ment whch called first of all for the end of the war and of wash
financing in S. Vietnam, freedom for all political prisoners from
Saigon to Danbury - and only lastly, for a true and unconditional
amnesty for themselves.
I have no way of knowing what your thoughts are, as Ford continues
to tear to shreds the last hope of those who hoped that with the
departure of Nixon, American politics might still be humanized.
When Nixon was pardoned, it seems to me that your own great occasion
was lost; a chance to resign from a game that was thereby, in cynical
disdain of all law and decency, losing its last claim on our conscience.
Can you truly be convinced, now, that piecemeal 'pardons' are not
seen as merely another ploy of the same bankruptcy? More cynical
by a long shot, than the initial 'offer', since #/ the new move attempts
to touch those abroad by mitigating the sufferings of those in
domestic bondage?
Dear friends wish still to remind you, a friend and brother; there
is time (not much time) to come home. I suggest for a started, that
you announce plans to visit the resisters in Canada and Europe, to
discover why the response to the bait has been so meager. You might
also announce that as part of the same effort to get the truth, you
will visit the Tiger Cages of S. Vietnam. It would be good to know
why this sublime entity, the most inhuman and encompassing punishment
system in the world, still flourishes at American expense. As well as
why more Vietnamese are dyng daily, than perished when our soliders
were the instruments of policy there.
Such a trip, in the simple interests of justice and truth, might
also put your own public service on a better basis.
I cannot hesitate in declaring that that service, in the present
as in the immediate past, could hardly be on a worse basis. Espec-
ially for those who once had alple cause to love and estemm you.
In hope,
Daniel
(Rev.) Daniel Berrigan, S.J.
220 West 98 Street (Apt. 7-J)
New York, N?Y. 10025
HEADQUARTERS
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WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Letter
Letter from Stewart L. Udall to Charles Goodell regarding the
12/12/1974
C
Presidential Clemency Board, and attachments. (5 pages)
File Location:
Charles Goodell Papers, Box 2, "Correspondence (3)" SMD - 6/22/2015
RESTRICTION CODES
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
File Boudin
RABINOWITZ, BOUDIN & STANDARD
stabled
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
30 EAST 42ND STREET
OLB
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017
OXFORD 7-8640
VICTOR RABINOWITZ
CABLE: RABOUDIN
LEONARD B. BOUDIN
MICHAEL B. STANDARD
December 23, 1974
430 NATIONAL PRESS BUILDING
JOAN GOLDBERG
14TH AND F STREETS N.W.
DORIAN BOWMAN
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20004
(202) 628-4047
MICHAEL KRINSKY
K. RANDLETT WALSTER
HERBERT JORDAN
ERIC M. LIEBERMAN
Charles E. Goodell, Esq.
1225 19th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Dear Senator Goodell:
I write you with respect to Dr. Joseph H. Cort
who was indicted in 1954 by the United States District
Court for the Eastern District of Massachusetts for
failure to report for physical examination and induc-
tion under the Doctors Draft Act.
As you will see from the enclosed letter of
Dean Irving L. Schwartz of Mount Sinai School of
Medicine of The City University of New York, Dr. Cort,
one of the world's leading research scholars in the field
of biology, is being offered a position which will clearly
advance the national interest, namely, as a member of the
senior faculty of the Mount Sinai Graduate School of
Biological Sciences and the Department of Physiology
and Biophysics of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
While technically this matter does not come under
the strict terms of the President's amnesty program, I
would hope that it can be recognized as comprehended
by the principles underlying that program; further that
Dr. Cort's exile from the United States - now twenty years
in duration - constitutes a very substantial detriment,
indeed punishment, which would make the application of
the principles of the current amnesty program even more
appropriate in his case, in one sense, than in the Vietnam
RALD FORD
2.
December 23, 1974
cases involving lesser periods of exile to which this
program is directly applicable.
Dr. Cort's willingness to participate in a program
so important to this country, namely the National Health
Program, is not a sudden decision. More than a decade
ago he applied for a commission in the Public Health
Service, a procedure that was looked upon favorably by
the Department of Justice and by General Hershey, the
Director of the Selective Service System; that application
was either not acted upon or was acted upon unfavorably
by the Public Health Service, which presumably claimed
discretion to decide who would be a commissioned employee
of the Service. In the present case this problem does not
exist because a distinguished medical school has decided
that Dr. Cort can make an important contribution to medical
health and science in its employ.
Although this matter is not technically within the
scope of the amnesty program, I hope that upon consideration
you will believe it appropriate to exercise your powers
of recommendation, in this case conveying your views to
the President for the exercise of his clemency power or to
the Attorney General or to the United States Attorney for
the District of Massachusetts.
Very truly yours,
Leonard B. Boudin
lbb/gs
enc.
CC: Dean Irving L. Schwartz
MOUNT SINAT
MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
UNIVERSITY
M$M
CITY
CU
NEW
of The City University of New York
THE
NY
YORK
DIMEDICINE SCHHOL
FIFTH AVENUE AND 100TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10029
FOUNDED
1847
IN
Graduate School of Biological Sciences
Office of the Dean
December 5, 1974
Mr. Leonard Boudin
Rabinowitz and Boudin
Attorneys at Law
30 East 42nd Street
New York, NY 10017
Dear Mr. Boudin:
I am writing to inquire about the status of Joseph H. Cort, M.D., Ph.D.
whom I would like to recruit for the senior faculty of the Mount Sinai
Graduate School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Physiology
and Biophysics of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
I understand that Dr. Cort has been under indictment since 1954 for failure
to report for induction under the Physicians Draft Act in effect at that
time. Obviously therefore it is important to clarify his present draft
status and resolve his legal problem before I can propose his appointment
to our medical and graduate Faculties. I hope that Dr. Cort's case can be
resolved under the general principles of the amnesty program that is now
being applied to those individuals who failed to report for military ser-
vice in the Vietnam war. If this can be done the community of scientists
and scholars in the United States would gain an extraordinarily creative and
capable colleague whose work holds great promise for the solution of the
most urgent biomedical problems of our times. Furthermore I am convinced
that our Society would now gain a valuable citizen who should be given a
chance to make the important contributions of which he is capable and who
should not be made to suffer further estrangement or further punishment for
very remote and possibly justifiable "past sins."
Dr. Cort's versatility, expertise and creativity as a biomedical scientist
is readily apparent even on a cursory review of his publications (see at-
tached listing, dated February 13, 1973). He has over the past twenty-five
years (since his medical student days at Yale) uncovered many fundamental
physiological phenomena pertaining to the regulation of blood flow through
the kidney, the regulation of the acid-base balance as well as the fluid
volume and electrolyte composition of the body. He has most recently pio-
neered in the development of a new class of drugs related to the hormonal
peptides of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus and, indeed, it is his
ability to find clinically significant applications of basic physiologic
phenomena which indicates the outstanding quality, in fact the uniqueness,
Mr. Leonard Boudin
December 5, 1974
Page 2
of his imagination and investigative talent.
My knowledge of Dr. Cort's capabilities and scientific productivity de-
rives not only from familiarity with his published work, but also from
many personal contacts at International Scientific Meetings and Symposia
where he has lectured on the various topics I have alluded to above.
If there is anything further that I can do to make it possible for Dr. Cort
to return to the United States and place his unique abilities at the ser-
vice of American medicine and science, please call upon me.
Sincerely yours,
JJJ M.D.
Dean
Professor and Chairman, Department of
Physiology and Biophysics
Encl.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS - 3.H. Cort
15th February, 1973
4.
to Dide Physiologic der KUrperflüssigkeiten. 3.11. Cort & V. Fencl. G. Fischer
Voring, Jenn.
1933
2. The Broin and Body Fluids (in Caech). J.H. Cort. Avicemen, Prague
1953
3. Bd: strolytes, Fluid Dynamics and the Harvous System. Jallo Cort. Academic
Press, London New York.
1955
Collentive Morographs
1. C2 D3, S : 19 in Clinical Natabolism of Body Mater Et Electrolytes, ed. J.H. Bland,
3a aders, Philadelphia.
1953
2. Article in Homeones and the Kidney, ed. P.C. Villians. Academic Press,
to: ton & lev York
1963
30 Art icles in Regulation of Sodium Excretion by the Kidney, ed. J.H. Cort &
D. ichardus, Karger, Basel
1970
C₁₀ Apt cle in Recent Advances in Renal Physiology, ed. H. Wirs & F. Spinelli,
Zar (er, Basel
1972
Patent
% dge mino-{8-D-Arg]-vasopressin
2. 15 lycy1-glycy1-glycyl-[8-Lys]-vacopresoir
3. 1ft lycyl-glycyl-glycyl-[8-Arg]-vasopressin
40 [4. eu]-arginine-vasotocin and a number of related analogues
5. Coroa-1-desanino-[8-D-Argl-vasopressin
G. S-methylasparaginyl]-oxytccin and vasopressin
7. Mercurial derivatives of chloramphenicol
B. Use patent on urophysin purification of hormonogens synthesized from protected
cyc ic nonapeptides.
Origin L Articles
1. Cor , J.H. & D.H. Barron. Neural control of the renal shunt. Fed. Proc. 7:23 1948
2.
Relief of post-tramatic amiria. Am.J.Physiol. 164:686
1951
The neural control of renal blood flow. M.D. thesis, Yale
1951
Soldin, D..., L.G.Welt & ----- The effect of pituitary and adrenal hormones
ca the met abolism of potaccium. J.clin.Invest. 30:637
1951
20 Volt, L.G., D.W. Seldin &
The effect of pituitary and adrenal hormones
on the metabolism of sodium and water. J.clin.Invest. 30:682
1951
5.
The renal response to extrarenal depletion of the blood volume.
J.Physiol. (Lond.) 116:307
1952
7.
is McCance, R.A. The neural control of shivering in the pig.
J.Physiol. (Lond.) 120:115
1953
0.
Renal function in a head-down position. J.Physiol. (Lond.) 122:22P
1953
9.
The renal response to acidosis during dehydration. .Physiol. (Lond.)
123:6P
1953
10.
& Harding, H.S. An inexpensive precision stereotaxic instrument.
J.Physiol. (Lond.) 123:15P
1953
11.
Operations on the heart. Lancet 1:153
1953
12.
Effect of nervous stimulation on the artorio-venous oxygen and
COPLON dioxide differences across the kidney. Nature 171:784
1953
13.
The inhibition of water diuresis by a decrease in blood and extracellular
Pluid volume. J.Physiol. (Lond.) 124:41P
1954
846
Es McCance, R.A. The renal response of puppies to an acidosis. J.Physiol.
(Zoud.) 124:358
1954
15.
Cerebral salt wasting. Lancet i:752
1954
30.
& Matthews, H.L. Potassium deficiency in congestive heart failure.
Lancot i:1202
1954
17,
.
The development of the regulation of the volume and pH of the
cutracellular fluid. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge
1954
10.
Central nervous control of the volume of the extracellular fluid.
Physicial. bohemoslov. 4:14
1955
12.
The effect of cardiac codema on electrolyte and water metabolism.
nota mod.Hungurica 8:347
1955
20,
& Kleinzeller, A. The effect of denervation, pimitrin and varied
cation concentration gradients on the transport of cations and water in
Milary cortex slices. J.Phyniol. (Lond.) 133:287
1956
21.
Es Kleinzeller, A. Transport of alkali cations by kidney cortex slices.
23#321
1957
01.
Cord,
R.L.
&
Uterina electrolytes in pregnancy and labour. Lancet
957
23 A. &
The transport of K-42 and ID-86 in kidney cortex
012020, Nature 180:1124
1957
24.
The effect of acctylcholing inhibitors on catien
transport in kidney cortex olices.
23:795
957
25,
The mechanics of action of nercurial preparations
on transport P recesses and the role of thiol groups in the cell membrane
03 senal tubular colls. Dicchem.J. 67:15
1957
26,
{ Kleinzeller, A. The effect of temperature on the transport of
solits an potassium by kidney cortex slices. .Physiol. (Lond.) 142:208
1958
The nervous regulation of active transport in the
EMPLOY. Proc.Conf.on Nervous Control of Transport " Hotabolism. Academia Frague 1958
23. Kicinsoller, A. &
Concerning the mechanism of action of mercurial
proparations on the transport of cations and water in kidney cortex slices.
Proc.IVeh internat. Biochen., Vienna, p.78
1958
CD. Soldin, D.V., Welt, L.G. &
The role of sodium salts and adrenal
steroids in the production of hypokalemic alkalosis. Yale J.Biol.Med. 29:229 1953
30, Bloinzeller, 1. &
The effect of calcium on the distribution and fluxes
of dons in kidney cortex slices. Physiol. bohemoslov. 9:106
1960
37.
& Lichardus, B. A carotid occlusion pressor reflex through the hypo-
to the kidney. Proc. Vth Cong. Caech. Physiol. # Aviconum, Prague
1961
32. Jirks, J., Ganz, V., Fencl, V.
& Travnicek, R. Measurement of renal
blood-flow in the intact kidney by local thermodilution during haemorrhagic
hypotemaion. Land : ii:692
1951
33. Elcincoller, A. Ps
Concerning the mechanism of action of mercurial
proparations on the swelling and transport of solutes in kidney cortex slices
at C°C. bohemoslow. 10:349
1961
34. The effect of alterations in acid-base balance on muscle and kidney
thosue electrolytes in the rat. Physicl. bohemoslov. 11:481
1962
35.
Fencl, V., Hejl, 2. & Jirks, J. (editors) Symposium on the Patho-
genesis of Hypertension. Pergamon, Oxford.
1962
36.
On the use of studies in vitro in the transport of electrolytes
and unter. Chap.5 in 'Clinical Metabolism of Body Water and Electrolytes',
Saunders, Phila.
1963
37.
Relation of the central nervous system to water and clectrolyte
metabolism. Chap. in 'Clinical Metabolism of Body Water & Electrolytes'.
Saunders, Phila.
1963
300
and Lichardus, B. The nature of the renal response to the carotid sirus
presser reflex. In 'Hormones and the Kidney', Academic Press, London
1963
32.
The effect of the carotid sinus pressor reflex or
renal Function and electrolyte excretion. Physiol. behemoslov. 12:291
1963
40.
The effect of corvical vagotemy and posterior hypo-
thelemic lesions on the saluretic response to dextran infusion. Physicl.
bohemoslev. 12:300
1963
4%
The effect of Dibonsyline and Hypertensin on saluretic
pressor and "volume" reflexes. Ibid. 12:304
1963
42.
The role of the hypothalamus in the renal response to the
carolid einus pressor reflex. Ibid. 12:309
1953
43.
The natriuretic activity of jugular vein blood during
carotid occlusion. Ibid. 12:497
1963
44.
Spontaneous salt intake in the rat following legions in the posterior
hypothalamus. Ibid. 12:502
1953
45. Lichardus, D. &
The effect of adrenalectomy on the renal response to
the carotid sinus pressor reflex. Ibid. 12:397
1953
45.
The effect of occlusion of the lower abdominal aorta
on Jonal electrolyte excretion. Ibid. 12:401
1963
47.
Discussion on renal effect of oxytocin analogues. Proc. 2nd internat.
meating, Prague. Pergamon, Oxford, vol. 10
1966
48.
& Michardus, D. Central nervous integration and efferent pathways
of natriuretic "volume" reflexes. Proc.Ind internat.Naphrol.Cog., Prague.
Medica, Amsterdam.
196;
49.
D.
&
Cn the afferent signal responsible for the
B2 Name is accompanying pressor and "volume" stimuli. Proc. IInd internat.
bl.Cong. Prague. Excerpta Medica, Amaterden
1964
50, Sirl 9 3., Fencl, V., Gams, V. & The vaccular response in the
lridue
to acute hasmorrhagic hypotensicn in the dog. Proc.IInd internat.
Hephy 1.Cong., Prague, Excerpta Medica, Ameterder
1964
5%
Hanmer, J., Ulrych, M., Pisa Z., Douša T. & Rudinger, J.
Synth tic tended-chain emalogues of vasopressin and crytocin in the
treatment o.' experimental hacmorrhagic sheck. Lancot 11:640
1964
52.
Mchardus, B, & Hagemonn, I. Effet de l'alcohol éthylique et
d'un "ichibitour" do la vasoproisine car la natriupose accompagnant la
réflere hypertensour du sinus carotidion. 3. Physicl. (Pasis) 56:554
1954
50% Michardus, B., Jonec V., Mitro A. &
The effect of a posterior
hypoth Manic lesion on the reaction to a salt-retaining stimulus in the
sac. Physiol. bohemoslov. 14:126
1965
Hagemann, I. & Lichardus, B. The effect of aethyl alcohol and
vasops essin on the pressor and renal response tp carotid occlusion. Ibid.
140316
1965
5. Michardus, B., Mitro A. & Cort, J.H. Size of cell nuclei in the hypothalamus
of the rat as a function of oalt loading. Am.J. Physicl. 203:1075
1965
36. Lich rdus, B., Pliška V., Uhrin V., Earth T., Dousa T., Rudinger J., Mitro
so
&
On the chemical nature of the natriuretic substance. Abstracts,
IlIrd intornat.Nephrol.Cong. Vashington, Kargor, Basol
1966
570
Lichardus, B., Rudinger J. & Hagemann, 1. Effect of oxytocin
anta enists on the saluresis accompanying carotid occlusion. Am. Physiol.
210:162
1966
50. Nováková, A. &
Hypothalamic regulation of spontaneous salt intake
in it e rat. Ibid. 211: 919
1966
520 Pliska, V. &
Bicchemical evidence for the presence of a natriuretic
Sector in the posterior hypothalamus. Activitas Nervosa Superior 9:329
1967
GO. Schuck, O. &
On the interaction of calcium, sodium and water
tree sport in the diuresing kidney. Physicl. Pharmacol. 46:275
1968
10
The source and chemical nature of the natriuretic activity of
planna evoked by saluretic "volume" reflexes. Ibid. 46:325
1968
52.
Jeanjean H.F., Thomson A.E., a Nickorson, 11. Effect of "hormonogen"
for 23 of neurohypophysial peptides in homorrhagic shock in dogs. J.Physiol.
294.455
1968
53. Plička V., Rudinger J., Dousa T. a
Oxytecin activity and the
integrity of the disulfide bridge. Am.J. Physicl. 215:916
1958
61.
Dousa T., Pliska V., Lichardus B., Safárová J., Vranešić M. &
Rudinger. 3. On the nature of the saluretic activity of blood during carotid
CCC lusion in the cat. Physicl. 215: 921
1958
65.
Pliska V. & Douga T. On the chemical nature and tissue source of
a a intriuretic hermone". Lancot i:230
1968
66. Vavra, I., Machová A., Holeček V.,
, Zaoral M. & Sorn, F. Effect
03 a synthetic analogue of vasopressin in animals and in patients with
diabotos insipidus. Lancet 1:948
1968
67.
Lichardus, B., Plicka V., Uhrin V., Barth T. & Rudinger, J.
The origin, nature and mechanism of action of "natriuretic hormone".
FROS. Ist internat.Symp. on Peptide & Protein Hormones, Liege. Excerpta
Medica, Amsterdam
1968
G8.
& Lichardus, B. Natriuretic Hormone. An editorial. Nephron,
50401
1968
G9. Sodiáková E., Lichardus B. &
Plasma saluretic activity: its nature
and relation to oxytocin analoge. Science 164:580
1969
70s
Introduction to symposium on natriurotic hormone. Proc. IVth internat.
Mephrol.Cong., Stockholm. Karger, Basel
1970
To
Sedlaková E., Lichardus B. & Deusa T. The nature, source and mode
of intion of the natriuretic activity in plasma resulting from volume expansion
and pressor stimuli in animals. Ibid.
1970
72. So Miková E. &
Assay criteria, source materials and models in the
100 ation of "natriurotic activity". In 'Regulation of Sodium Excretion
J
no Kidneys", Karger, Basel.
1970
73.
& Lichardus, H. Introductory remarks. Ibid.
1970
740 Common, S., Cohne P., Jelinek J. &
Potentiation of Angiotensin
Eledoisin activities by sodium chloride. Life Sciences 10:469
1971
750
3.,
Albrecht
I.
&
An oxytecin receptor at the carotid
Differention capable of eliciting marked natriuresis. Proc. XXV internat.
Hundch (Pflujer's Archiv., in the press)
1971, 1973
Iv
Sodlakova E. & Dousa T. Structural requirements for the
the oxytocin molecule on sedium excretion and transport ATPase.
PJCC.
XVth internat. Physiol.Comj. Munich
1971
77.
Sedláková, E. & Shophova J. Reversible binding of crytocin
to tr isport ATPace. Proc. 2nd internat.Symp.Peptide & t.llormones,
Sieje
Висе pta Medica, Amsterden
1973
78.
"I Strub, K.M., Hilusler G. & Rudinger, S. The natriurotic action
03
[4 Leucine]-Arginins-vasotocin. Exporientia, in the press
1973
79
Interactions between peptide hormones and clectrolytes. Polymer,
1n the press
1973
00 Kluh I., Sedláková E., Barth T. &
--------
Neurophysin binding of
vasop cosin amalogs altered at the N- and C-terminals. Nol. Pharmacol.,
in th press.
1973
01.
Synthetic and natural polypeptides related to the pituitary
and t cir natriuretic activity in animals and man, Acta Cardiologica,
in th press
1973
02, Scha chtelin, G., Walter R., Salomon H., Jelinek J., Karen P. &
Elec: rolyte potentiation of angiotensin activity. Mol. Pharmacol. in the
pres
1973
03. Holecek V., Bechyne M., Zaoral M. & ------- Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus
with docamino-[D-Arg]-vasopressin, in preparation.
04. Sedl ková, E., Prusik z., Barth T., Kluh I. & -------- Isolation of an
U-ter inal ACTH fragment from the pituitary with potentiator natriuretic
activity, in preparation
1973
as
Jamuary 26, 1975
President Gerald Ford
FORD
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear President Ford:
You have been subjected to severe criticism by same very
articulate peace and religious organisations because of your
kind of amenty granting. However, there are same of - in
the peace movement and among the supporters of dissent who,
while wishing that your assesty program might have been bread-
er, believe that thet? should be cooperation with it to make
it as effective as possible. The past week, for example, I
attended a meeting of the Metropolitan Boardres Consolentious
Objectors of which I - Vice-Chairuan and Répresentative of
the Jewish Peace Fellowship. We were unaninously in faver of
couseling those affected by the annesty program se that they
might understand the advantages of performing alternative
service as provided in the annesty arrangement.
It may also be of interest to you to know that the Syn-
agegue Counsil of America, the official scordinating body of
the Orthedex, Conservative and Reform Jame in this country
have been working with Selective Service in helping to die-
cover suitable opportunities for alternative serfice.
On behalf of these several groups of which I have speken,
I respectfully urge that the termination date for response to
the sensety program be extended for several months.
Faithfully yours,
Inder B. Hoffman
001 Mr. John Barber, Resenciliation Service Division, Selective
Service and The Honsemble Charles Goodell, Clemency Beard
January 27. 1975.
The Itonorable Charles E. Goodell
cas
United States Senate
&
80.00
Washington D.C. 20510.
07V839
Dear Senator Goodell:
Over the past couple years we've heard that
IT beginning to sound like 1969 again. the
was in Southeast asia continues. now we know
that the United States is pouring our handraned
money into armaments for this ongoing war.
For what reason?
In the name of Christianity, we plead with
you and our other representatives, to end this
senslessness. with millions of our people out of
work, and inflation running wild in our own
we continue to contribute to the endless suffering
country, our hopes are dwending They must
and starvation of innocent people ? Let us
feed them not kill them
Sincerely, Margaretta & nerner Muller.
Christian Concern for Disarmament
by William P.H. Stevens, Jr.
AT THE JANUARY Quaker
and geothermal energy. This last
we do not have an answer, just
Leadership Seminar I attended in
option is the least developed at
for the convenience of a little
Washington, one of the matters
this point, SO I wish to confine
electric power today? Perhaps a
we examined at some length was
myself here to the two other
solution will be found some day,
the widening opinion being
possibilities. My position is that
but the moral issue remains. Do
expressed by reputable scientists
we must reject the nuclear option
we have a right to assume this
and engineers that further con-
and make a concentrated effort to
without actually having a fool-
struction of nuclear power plants
develop solar power.
proof method in hand?
constitutes a danger of such
A second problem is the
magnitude that we no longer can
The Nuclear Option
avoidance of catastrophic acci-
tolerate it. I am convinced that
Nuclear power plants produce
dents in nuclear power plants. It
this issue is compellingly crucial.
enormous quantities of radioac-
is true that a nuclear plant
What is at stake here is a moral
tive poisons, like strontium-90
cannot explode like a bomb. But
issue of such monumental im-
and plutonium-239. Each large
nuclear wastes in these plants
portance that it dwarfs all other
nuclear plant makes as much
generate tremendous heat which,
ethical concerns we may have. If
radioactivity every year as one
unlike the fission reaction going
we are about to risk the
thousand Hiroshima atomic
on in the fuel itself, cannot be
habitability of this planet, as
bombs. Most experts agree that
shut off. This creates very
some will argue, then all concerns
there is no safe dose of radiation.
complex safety problems. Cooling
we might have for economic
One tablespoon of plutonium-239
water must continue to flow
justice, world peace, or whatever,
represents the official maximum
through the fuel even when the
pale by contrast. If we as
"permissible body burden" for
plant is not operating. If the flow
Christians fail to inform ourselves
200 million people. One large
should be interrupted for as short
and speak out, then we could
nuclear plant makes about 400
a time as one minute, an
become accomplices to the most
pounds of plutonium every year.
irreversible chain of events would
horrendous example of genocide
Contemplate for a moment the
begin, including a melt down of
ever imaginable.
potential that represents for
the supporting structures. The
Let's start with the fuel crisis.
cancer and genetic injury.
molten mass would melt its way
Is there one? In the short run, I
The half-life of plutonium-239
downward, presumably into the
don't know. The current short-
is 24,400 years. That means it
earth. Such hazards can be
ages we are experiencing may or
takes 24,400 years for half of a
reduced by adding a variety of
may not be contrived. But in the
mass of plutonium to dissipate its
backup cooling systems, but they
long run, at some point we are
radioactivity. Here is the first of
cannot be totally eliminated.
going to run out of fossil fuels.
at least three major problems
If nuclear power plants are as
Even today fossil resources may
encountered in the nuclear op-
safe as the industry claims, then,
be too precious as raw material
tion. Somehow this waste ma-
one must ask, why the necessity
for the petro-chemical industry,
terial must be contained con-
of the Price-Anderson Act? This
which supplies us with plastics,
tinuously for hundreds of thou-
is a law which says, in effect,
fertilizers, medicines and syn-
sands of years. A method for
that accidents are not impossible.
thetic fabrics, simply to burn up
doing SO has not yet been
This law says that liability for a
as a fuel
developed. Already we have some
nuclear catastrophe is limited to
Beyond fossil fuels we seem to
80 million gallons of radioactive
$560 million. This Act was
have three options: nuclear
wastes temporarily stored in steel
originally passed in 1957 because
energy, solar energy, which
and concrete tanks which require
utility companies testified that
includes wind and water power,
constant surveillance, some of
they would not build nuclear
which require cooling. Some
plants if they had to stand fully
William Stevens is minister at
tanks have already developed
liable for accidents. The Act was
First Friends Meeting, Greens-
leaks. It is not certain that an
passed explicitly "to encourage
boro, North Carolina. He received
entirely satisfactory method of
the development of the atomic
his B.D. from Yale and Ph.D.
containment can ever be found.
energy industry." So the ques-
from Drew University. He and
This brings us to the heart of
tion is, why should the utilities
his wife Margaret are building a
the moral issue. Do we have the
insist on the protection of the
retreat center, Glenagape, near
right to saddle the next 20,000
Price-Anderson Act if nuclear
Greensboro. They have two
generations of mankind with this
power plants are as safe as they
children - Tina and William III.
containment problem, for which
claim? If it is possible, even
Page 14
QUAKER LIFE
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
WERNER & MARGARETTA MULLER
1535 WINDING ROAD
SOUTHAMPTON, PA.
POLICY U.S. 27 1075 PM SERVICE JAN 194 PA
7
18966
UNITED
STATES
Senattor Charles States & ARU
United
Washington VO.C. 20510
1225 5 19th 19 St nw
w all, 2
Jan, 30, I975
Shairman Chas. Goodell
Amnesty Program
Washington.D.C.
Dear Mr.Gogdell;
I watsheddon T.V. this morning as you talked to the drafte
dodgers and traitors to this country from Toronto. As usual
you cam out second best in the argument thses creeps put up.
They were making speeches and your pleading was pathetic. It
feel on deaf ears eras, these fellows don't want to come back to
thiscountry. They are communist revolutionarys and can do
more for their cause in Canada than they can here. You have
given them a perfect form and as usual you are way off base.
I van't understand how the government can spend 40,000 a month
on this kind of a program. What is theis a testimonial for you
to get a few buccks out the taxpayer? Its a lousy deal for all
of the men that were in the far eąst and other wars of this
country. I for one served in two wars and think you are the same
crumby politican you wrere when they ran you out of the sen&te.
No amnesty for the TRAITORS.
poor taxpayer
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
James Andressia
POTAL SERVICE PM FL
USAirmail
Beah Station, Tenn.
'S'n
31 JAN
333
1975
ZIP CODE
1225 19th St nu
VIA AIR MAIL
Chairman Chas Googell
Amnesty Committee
Washington D.G
January 30
Dear Senator Goodeel,
first may I say, that
FORD is LIBRARY
against the amnuaty which
being affered to these draft
evaders.
Inc. ten and twenty years
ago desertion was punishable
by death and/or court martial
procedures. think it disgusting
that this government is sinking
so low as to even consider
climency for even one of
those persons.
It makes the entire
Southeast Asian war useless.
and degeades those 50, 000
boys and reporters, etc.
who were killed for
their country. Ar must
sicken those hundreds of
thousands of people who
fought in that war luen
though they disagreed
with the war.
Mr sums to me a
complete waste of taxpayers
money and time to even
give these boys such an
offer and for any of
them to expect complete
amnosty. The government
should say "no" completely
to any clemency.
Sincerely,
Barbara Thap
320 Hoffman St.
Aihens ,Cilibana 35611
We hold these Truths
POSTAL S.n S. JAN 1975 PM SERVICE 30 956 FL
UNITED STATES 10
1225 191 Goodels
Washington / D.C.
Chairman Cemenay Board
EW - If
-
-
(CREPT)
-
,
320 Hoffman St.
Achens aeabama
35611
122519ᵗʰ84
FLOYD WRIGHT
Patriot
nu
2c
U.S.POSTAGE
U.S.Postage.Co
Sexator Senate Charles Gardell
Hashington, D.C. D.
office Blug,
FORD LIBRARY
R.
SERVICE
Octward-
1-30-75
Seratar Goodcle, Helo not
Dant the deserted Thrapl dsd
gera who argued with you
in the Today show concerning
the among program. They
aaid they had right torepase
to serve if they considered
the mar immoral 9 capit
as c matter of fact that they,
were about the law. They Inco
the RNW mhoded alroe were
paws by insuration were not
pa smart as the leaft
They were not smaiter than
the knew who hid aeroe fat
then parents mere able to
keep them in dollegesdater
asa means fladging the
products school assiply
draft I wonder if key alao
locked causage Oct mand oken
mu Dadesman
February 5, 1975
Dear Mike:
It was good to hear from you again, and I
certainly appreciate your thoughtful and supportive comments.
I hope all is going well with you, and keep
in touch.
With warm regard, I am
Sincerely,
Mr. Michael C. Smith
Committee on Appropriations
United States Senate
Washington, D.C. 20510
FORD
&
JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, ARK., CHAIRMAN
WARREN G. MAGNUSON, WASH.
MILTON R. YOUNG, N. DAK.
JOHN C. STENNIS, MISS.
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, NEBR.
JOHN O. PASTORE, R.I.
NORRIS COTTON, N.H.
ALAN BIBLE, NEV.
CLIFFORD P. CASE, N.J.
ROBERT C. BYRD, W. VA.
HIRAM L. FONG, HAWAII
GALE W. MCGEE, WYO.
EDWARD W. BROOKE, MASS.
MIKE MANSFIELD, MONT.
MARK O. HATFIELD, OREG.
United States Senate
WILLIAM PROXMIRE, WIS.
TED STEVENS, ALASKA
JOSEPH M. MONTOYA, N. MEX.
CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, JR., MD.
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
DANIEL K. INOUYE, HAWAII
RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, PA.
ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, S.C.
HENRY BELLMON, OKLA.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510
BIRCH BAYH, IND.
THOMAS F. EAGLETON, MO.
LAWTON CHILES, FLA.
JAMES R. CALLOWAY
CHIEF COUNSEL AND STAFF DIRECTOR
January 30, 1975
The Honorable Charles E. Goodell
1225 19th Street, Northwest
Washington, D. C. 20036
Dear Senator:
As a firm supporter of unconditional amnesty, I
am nevertheless consistently impressed by your thought-
fulness and good spirit in the face of the unrelenting
badgering and moralistic one-ups-manship of my ideological
brethren.
In other words, I saw you on Agronsky last night
and thought you were excellent -- under most trying
circumstances. Hang in there.
In peace,
Thike
Michael C. Smith
2/28
Rick - do you
want to
draft litte ?
gims
PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD
GmH
DATE: 2/15
FROM:
Inswer
at
TO: Goodell
Knisely
ACTION:
Baskir
Lang
Liekweig
CEG
Broder
Brown
Lipscombe
/
FYI
&
Retention
Bott
Lohff
Chaney
Meinking
Chazen
MacQueeney
Chambers
Mitchell
/
/ FYI Prepare & Return Reply to
Craig
Norby
Dancheck
Nickolas
/
See Me
Benson
O'Hare
Fenig
Pacini
/
Clear & Return
Fornoff
Poole
Guritz
Puller
/
Necessary Action
Hastings
Rush
Hausman
Robinson
Other:
Horn
Slattery
Handwerger
Strause
Heitz
Tropp
Vinson
Copy reason for CE6
Hickman
Horton
Zani
the
?
Hansen
Smith
Kodak
Klein
Mrs.
Groups
February 11, 1975
Dear Frank:
Thank you for your February 5 letter with which
you forwarded a copy of the letter you received
from Mr. William M. Lombard, Commender
of American Legion Post 1182 of Rechester,
New York, expressing the opposition of the
members to an extension of the conditional
amnesty program.
As you know, the President did extend the pro-
gram until March 1, 1975. However, I will
make certain that the position of Post 1182 is
called to his attention.
With kindest regards,
I
Sincerely,
Is\ Vern
Verson C. Leen
Deputy Assistant
to the President
The Honorable Frank Horton
House of Representatives
Washington, D. C. 20515
GREATO R.FORD 8.
bcc: w/incoming to Charles Goodell - FYI
VCL:EF:VO:jlc
FRANK HORTON
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
U.S. REPRESENTATIVE
2229 RAYBURN BUILDING
SATH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
(202) 225-4916
COMMITTEE:
Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICES:
314 FEDERAL BUILDING
GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK 14614
RANKING MINORITY MEMBER
house of Representatives
(716) 263-6270
WAYNE COUNTY OFFICE BUILDING
DAVID A. LOVENHEIM
Washington, D.C. 20515
LYONS, NEW YORK
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
February 5
1975
FEB 7 1975
Honorable Vernon C. Loen
Deputy Assistant to the President
The White House Office
Washington, D.C. 20500
Vern
Dear Mr. Loen:
In behalf of my constituent, who is
identified in the attached letter
copy, I should like to request
your consideration of this matter.
Thank you for whatever information
and assistance you can provide. I
look forward to your reply.
With kindest personal regards, I am
Sincerely,
Junk Frank Horton
FH: VC
Attachment
Post 1182
53 Mendon Street
Rochester, N.Y. 14615
Rep. Frank J. Horton, R-34th
2229 Rayburn Building
Washington, D. C. 20515
Dear Congressman Horton:
The membership of American Legion Post 1182, of which
I am Commander, has asked me to express their concern
over the amnesty question pertaining to the Viet Nam
war.
Recently, it was brought to the public's attention
that an extension of the President's amnesty program
may be in the offing.
We would like to make it part of the record that the
membership of American Legion Post 1182 is unequivocally
opposed to any extension of this amnesty program.
Sincerely,
William M. Lombard
Post Commander
WML:ah
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Letter
Letter from Martha Wasm to Chales Goodell, 2 pages.
3/14/1975
C
File Location:
Charles Goodell Papers, Box 2, "Correspondence (3)" SMD - 6/22/2015
RESTRICTION CODES
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NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
April 18, 1975
Dear Mr. Chandler:
I have just seen your article on my appearance in Professor
Roll's class at George Washington University.
I want to compliment you on an excellent and balanced job
of reporting. The quotations were accurate, and you clearly grasped
the technical aspects of the Clemency Board program. Senior
reporters for major news services have frequently confused the
clemency program and left the public with a misimpression as to
eligibility for the program and administration of the program.
Congratulations!
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Chairman
Mr. Douglas Chandler
HATCHET
George Washington University
GREATO R. FORD
800 21st Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20052
6/8/75
504 are N
Brooklyn N.Y
Dear mr Goodell,
BERILD R. FORD
I want to congratulate
you on the fine job you
are doing as chairman of
the amounty program. Your
effort and concern for these
young men are to be
highly commended
my reason for writing to
you is that I have lived
in the Ninted States for the
past twenty-five years but
I Connot obtain citezenship
because I signed a form.
relieving me of military service
during the Kores war.
When President Nescon was
if help me, His office
in office could wrote to him, asking
in formed me that it was a
law inacted by Congress and
there was nothing he could do.
It is very difficult to his
of it, and when you raise a
in a sociaty you are not port
family the task is indeed very
hard. I have three teenage Smilloen
my wife and I work very hard
to educate and mold. them to
the amedican way, so that they
will be good productive law-
abiding citezens
I know wfsat did was
wrong. However, with the events
of the past Watergate and
Presidents Fonds anonesty
Program. I feel, that I should
have the opportunity to escplain
my situration and see
wheather or not I could
work my way into this
society.
any help is infromation
you Can give me with
regards to this matter will
be greatly appreciated by
me and my family
Sincerely your
Luke Smith.
LUKE SMYTH
EW 20001 PM 11 YORK.
Evelyn mecagai MEN
13 JUN
1075
1000
mr Charles Goodell
Chairman of the Cimmisty Bood.
Washington D.C
Amgth N.Y
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
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CREATION DATE
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COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
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CREATION DATE
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COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
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COLLECTION TITLE
Charles Goodell Papers
BOX NUMBER
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FOLDER TITLE
Correspondence (1)-(3)
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CREATION DATE
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COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
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BOX NUMBER
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FOLDER TITLE
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June 16, 1975
Honorable Charles E. Goodell
Chairman, Presidential
Clemency Board
Washington, D. C.
20500
Dear Mr. Chairman:
The condition of the important work you are doing
for the President and the Country is about to cause you,
the Board, and the President considerable embarrassment
and discredit.
There are rampant reports of inconsistent decisions
by the various 3 member panels you have set up. A man
not granted amnesty today, might very likely have re-
ceived it if his case had been heard the next day by a
different panel. Apparently, there are also inconsistent
standards and rules. A factor used by one panel to deny
amnesty would not even be considered by another. In addi-
tion, there are claims that the panels are broken up into
those that are "conservative" and those that are "liberal",
again causing inconsistencies in meteing out amnesty. Con-
sult with your lower eschelon lawyers if you need to
verify this.
I challenge you, to test these claims by taking 20
cases and presenting them to two separate panels and then
matching the results and their decisions.
You cannot allow the Presidential privilege of grant-
ing clemency to be tarnished. The public will be watching
closely to make certain that all applicants are given
equal treatment and consideration.
You had better do something and soon!
Sincerely
Steve Mollett
GERALD FORD
Residence: 1001 C St., S.E.
Washington, D. C.
20003
STEPHEN MOLLETT
1001 C STREET SE.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
SHINGTON. DC
10
20003
=
007
Cause
Haym Salemon
Phancial Hero
Honorable Charles E. Goodell
Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board
Room 460 - Old Executive Office Building
Washington, D. C.
20500
June 17, 1975
Dear Mr. Burdine:
The President has asked me to answer your letter
of June 5, 1975. You should know that the President and
I have never discussed "across-the-board action to grant a
general discharge without eligibility to veterans' benefits,"
to Clemency Board applicants. I have opposed such action
publicly and privately. The Clemency Board will dispose
of all of our cases by September, after careful and individual
consideration of each case.
I do not know where such rumors get started, but
I assure you this one has no basis in fact.
It is possible that this totally unfounded rumor
is related to another issue that the Clemency Board is taking
to the President. A small proportion of our cases involve
young men who served with valor and distinction in Vietnam,
in many cases volunteering for extra hasardous duty and
suffering injuries. Upon return they get into difficulties
which the Clemency Board adjudged were related to the combat
stress which they underwent. General Walt moved that the
Clemency Board recommend to the President that he treat these
cases differently and award them a general discharge with
veterans' benefits. The Board's recommendation was unanimous,
including all of the Vietnam veterans serving on the Clemency
Board. I have asked General Walt to write you expressing
his own feelings on those cases. It would seen to me that
AMVETS should share our view with reference to these young
men who have served their country so gallantly.
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Chairman
Mr. Essley B. Burdine,
National Commander
AMVETS
1710 Rhode Island Avenue
NewhEngton, D.C. 20036
CERALD FOAD JSKARI
Goodell
AMVETS
Charles
AMVETS
AMERICAN VETERANS OF WORLD WAR II - KOREA - VIET NAM
KOREA
1710 W Rhode Island Ave., N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20036
ESSLEY B. BURDINE
NATIONAL COMMANDER
June 5, 1975
Dear Mr. President:
I am writing to express my most serious concern that the press
of time and the termination date of the authority of the Clemency
Review Board which you so generously established may result in a
totally unwarranted across-the-board action to grant a general dis-
charge without eligibility to veterans' benefits to those approximately
20,000 applicants whose cases are awaiting determination but cannot
be acted upon before termination of the Clemency Board's authority.
Such an action would make a mockery of the humane, conciliatory
motivation of leniency and mercy which caused you to create the
Clemency Review Board. The failure to apply for clemency and the
indifference positively demonstrated by more than 100,000 persons
eligible to make application under your generous program speaks for
itself more positively than any words I might write.
As National Commander of AMVETS, I believe I speak without
equivocation when I say that the 50,000 brave Americans who served
and died and the 800,000 other casualties deserve to have their
service and sacrifice respected and their courage recognized regard-
less of the great national controversy provoked by the conflict.
It is my sincere hope, Mr. President, that you will allow no
action not in full accord with the generous terms and requirements
that you extended under the Clemency Review Board. May I express
AMVETS strong opposition to the issuance of any general service
discharge for applicants whose cases remain pending.
Sincerely,
ESSLEY B. BURDINE
National Commander
The Honorable
Gerald R. Ford,
EsslyBBundine
President of the United States of America,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
AMVETS
1710 Rhode Island Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
WISHINGTON
JUN-5'75
D.C
MIMETER
K0.179776
The Honorable
Gerald R. Ford,
President of the United States of America,
The White House,
Washington, D.C. 20500.
June 17, 1975
Dear Mr. Greaney:
The President has asked me to answer your letter
of June 5, 1975.
You should know that I have never discussed with
the President the matter of changing undesirable discharges
to honorable discharges for all those granted clemency by
the Clemency Board. I not only have not discussed the issue
with the President, but I have publicly and privately opposed
such an action. As you know, the President explicitly pre-
cluded the granting of veterans' benefits under the elemency
program, and I have no reason to believe he has changed his
mind.
I should call your attention to another issue which
may be the basis of the totally unfounded rumor about which
you wrote the President. In a small proportion of the cases,
the young men have served their country with distinction and
valor in combat in Vietnam, often volunteering for extra
hazardous duties and suffering injuries. Upon return from
Vietnam they got into trouble involving AWOL's, which the
Clemency Board adjudged were related to the combat stress
they underwent, General Walt moved that the Clemency Board
recommend to the President that he treat these cases differ-
ently and award them a general discharge with veterans' bene-
fits, The Board's recommendation was unanimous, including
all of the Vietnam veterans serving on the Clemency Board.
I have asked General Walt to write you expressing his own
feelings on those cases, It would seen to me that Disabled
American Veterans should share our view with reference to
these young men whomhave served their country so gallantly.
As one who has publicly and privately opposed
unconditional annesty or across-the-board veterans benefits
is
FORD
GERALD
-2-
to clemency applicants, I would appreciate your checking
with me in the future when you hear rumors that are contra-
dictory to positions I have consistently taken.
With kind regard, I an
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Chairman
Mr. Walter T. Greaney,
National Commander
1221 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20005
Gorden
Charles
AMERICAN
DISABLED
VETERANS
WALTER T. GREANEY
June 5, 1975
PHONE: 737-2434
NATIONAL COMMANDER
AREA CODE 202
The President
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
It has come to my attention that Clemency Board Chairman, Charles E.
Goodell, has been urging you persistently to issue an Executive Order
that would change the character of Discharge Certificates given those
military deserters who were granted Presidential pardons. Specifically,
Mr. Goodell advocates in these cases that the discharge be changed from
"Undesirable" to "General" (honorable).
Newspaper articles indicate that you, Mr. President, have displayed
a high degree of generosity in granting pardons to draft evaders and
deserters who signed up for the amnesty program. I truly believe that
you examined the circumstances of each case carefully, and, in a spirit
of compassion, found justifiable grounds for your conclusions.
The Disabled American Veterans has steadfastly held to the view
that one's decision to desert the military - particularly during time
of war - carries with it the full responsibility to accept punishment.
Accordingly, we feel strongly that Mr. Goodell's proposal to award
honorable discharges to deserters would be an insult to those veterans
who served honorably, to those who suffered disabling wounds, and to
the survivors of those who gave up their lives in the conflict. These
are relevant factors still fresh in our minds.
It is our hope, Mr. President, that you will reject Chairman
Goodell's proposal; which, in my opinion, represents an undeserved
reward and a form of "blanket amnesty."
An early response to the matter here presented is respectfully
requested.
Very sincerely,
WALTER National T. Commander GREANEY
WTG:dmh
NATIONAL SERVICE HEADQUARTERS - 1221 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W. - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005
The President
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS
NATIONAL SERVICE HEADQUARTERS
1221 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005
June 20, 1975
Mr. Essley B. Burdine
National Commander
American Veterans of World War II
1710 Rhode Island Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20036
Dear Mr. Burdine:
A copy of your June 5, 1975 letter to President Ford has been
brought to my attention.
There has been gross misunderstanding of the responsibilities
and duties of the Presidential Clemency Board. Many citizens
still do not realize that the Presidential Clemency Board deals
with only those military who have been court-martialed and
discharged with a less than honorable discharge or those who
Senator Goodell
have administratively been given an undesirable discharge for
infraction of regulations relative to unauthorized absence.
Let me assure you also that each case 1s carefully investigated
and judged on its own merit by the Board.
A few of the cases which have come before our Board are, I
believe, worthy of special note. I speak of men who have
served with great distinction and honor in the Vietnam Mar.
Some have extended their normal tour of one year to two or
three years. Some have been promoted from private to sergeant
during their tour and have been given relatively great
responsibility, i.e., squad leaders, reconnaissance team
leaders, artillery section leaders, etc. These men have
received numerous battlefield decorations for valor. f.e.,
silver star, bronze star, purple heart, etc.
Then these men came home and as one stated in a telephone
conversation to one of our Board Staff, "After I returned to
my home town on leave, I discovered how little the people cared
about both the Vietnam conflict and the Vietnam veterans. The
people acted toward me like I had done something bad by going
to Vietnam and that my service to my country was not worthwhile.
I stayed AWOL because people made me think the way they thought."
SCHALD wan FORD
- 2 -
I believe it was this anti-war, anti-military attitude or
atmosphere in our society that caused some of our otherwise
outstanding and heroic service men to go AWOL.
As a result of their AWOLs, they were tried by court-martial
and sentenced to serve a prison term and receive a less than
honorable discharge. It was my proposal to the Presidential
Clemency Board that initiated the 1dea of separating out those
very select few, highly heroic and worthy individuals for
special consideration by the President. I fully realized
that such an action is outside the Charter of the Presidential
Clemency Board but I felt so strongly about the worthiness
of these special cases that I asked the Board to consider
sending these cases to the President for special consideration
in the form of upgrading their undesirable or punitive
discharges to general discharges under honorable conditions.
So far. we have had a limited number of such cases and the
President has not acted on any of them.
I am sure you must appreciate that after my forty years of
military service, I have strong feelings about AWOLs or any
other infraction of discipline. My life on the Board has
not been an easy one, but I do believe we are righting some
wrongs which have been done to men who have performed with
honor and distinction on the field of battle.
Sincerely,
LEWIS W. WALT
General, (Ret), USMC
LWW/gjl
June 20, 1975
Mr. Walter T. Greaney
National Commander
Disabled American Veterans
Washington, D. C. 20005
Dear Mr. Greaney:
A copy of your June 5, 1975 letter to President Ford has been
brought to my attention.
There has been gross misunderstanding of the responsibilities
and duties of the Presidential Clemency Board. Many citizens
still do not realize that the Presidential Clemency Board deals
with only those military who have been court-martialed and
Senator Goodell
discharged with a less than honorable discharge or those who
have administratively been given an undesirable discharge for
infraction of regulations relative to unauthorized absence.
Let me assure you also that each case 1s carefully investigated
and judged on its own merit by the Board.
A few of the cases which have come before our Board are, I
believe, worthy of special note. I speak of men who have
served with great distinction and honor in the Vietnam War.
Some have extended their normal tour of one year to two or
three years. Some have been promoted from private to sergeant
during their tour and have been given relatively great
responsibility, 1.e., squad leaders, reconnaissance team
leaders, artillery section leaders, etc. These men have
received numerous battlefield decorations for valor, 1.e.,
silver star, bronze star, purple heart, etc.
Then these men came home and as one stated in a telephone
conversation to one of our Board Staff, "After I returned to
my home town on leave, I discovered how little the people cared
about both the Vietnam conflict and the Vietnam veterans. The
people acted toward me like I had done something bad by going
to Vietnam and that my service to my country was not worthwhile.
I stayed AWOL because people made me think the way they thought."
01883
- 2 -
I believe it was this anti-war, anti-military attitude or
atmosphere in our society that caused some of our otherwise
outstanding and heroic service men to go AMOL.
As a result of their AWOLs, they were tried by court-martial
and sentenced to serve a prison term and receive a less than
honorable discharge. It was my proposal to the Presidential
Clemency Board that initiated the 1dea of separating out those
very select few, highly heroic and worthy individuals for
special consideration by the President. I fully realized
that such an action is outside the Charter of the Presidential
Clemency Board but I felt so strongly about the worthiness
of these special cases that I asked the Board to consider
sending these cases to the President for special consideration
in the form of upgrading their undestrable or punitive
discharges to general discharges under honorable conditions.
So far, we have had a limited number of such cases and the
President has not acted on any of them.
I am sure you must appreciate that after my forty years of
military service, I have strong feelings about AWOLs or any
other infractions of discipline. My life on the Board has
not been an easy one, but I do believe we are righting some
wrongs which have been done to men who have performed with
honor and distinction on the field of battle.
Sincerely,
LEWIS M. WALT
General, (Ret), USMC
LWW/gjl
$LBt WS
MILLERSVILLE STATE COLLEGE
MILLERSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 17551
June 20, 1975
Senator Charles Goddell
Presidential Clemency Board
Washington, D. C. 20037
Dear Senator Goddell:
Some time ago I heard you discuss the amnesty program on a
television show. Several questions were asked of you, and you also
raised questions about the future chances of persons going through
the clemency process. One of the questions you had was to the fu-
ture employability of persons going through proceedings. You won-
dered how they would be received by business and industry.
As a sociologist I found the above to be an interesting ques-
tion. I decided to sample a number of Personnel and Placement Direc-
tors to see the current work world posture on military status in gen-
eral, but in particular their feelings about the amnestants. I se-
lected a systematic random sample from the College Placement Annual
and also from the Harrisburg Area Chamber of Commerce Directory. To
date I have received back seventy-eight questionnaires. I thought
you might be interested in some of my preliminary findings. I will
restrict myself here to the findings touching upon the amnesty or
clemency program.
Of the seventy-eight respondents, twenty-one were from companies
with strictly a local base. Sixteen were regionally based companies,
40 were nationally based, and one did not answer. Of the respondents
representing other than local companies, fifty-four percent said they
had final authority in the hiring process.
Size of company is summarized in the table below:
Scope of Company
Number of
Employees
Local
Regional
National
No Ans.
Total
25 or less
5
3
0
0
8
26 - 99
5
0
1
0
6
100 - 499
2
2
2
0
6
500 - 999
1
1
4
0
6
1,000 +
5
3
11
1
20
5,000 +
2
3
10
0
15
10,000 +
1
4
12
0
17
Total
21
16
40
1
78
i
FORD
GERALD
LIBRARY
Senator Charles Goddell
June 20, 1975
Page 2
The organizations surveyed represented a wide range of busi-
nesses and services. This is summarized below:
Type of Organization
f
Manufacturing
31
Engineering and Research
12
Service Industries
15
Sales - Retailing
4
Constructive or Extractive
3
Education
6
Public Utilities
5
Government
2
Total
78
Among the several questions dealing with military status, the
following was asked: "Would you hire someone who has received a clem-
ency discharge, i.e. who has complied with the amnesty program?" The
responses were:
Yes
33
No
7
Depends
38
Total
78
Although I have no basis for doing so, I tend to assume that a "depends"
answer might be a polite negative. I feel that the respondent may per-
ceive disagreement with the federal program as socially undesirable.
Thus, in effect, the question is somewhat loaded.
The personnel and placement officials were asked if they person-
ally agreed with the amnesty program. The results were "yes" - 43.6%,
"no" - 44.9%, "no answer" - 9%, "undecided" - 2.5%.
The variables of scope of company, size of company, and type of
business were set up as independent variables to explain the effect of
willingness to hire an amnestant or not. The tables below are addressed
to this cross-classification.
Scope of Organization and Willingness
to Hire Amnestant.
Willingness to
Scope
Hire
Local
Regional
National
No Answer
Yes
42.9%
50%
37.5%
100%
No
23.8
0
5.0
0
Depends
33.3
5.0
57.5
0
Totals
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Senator Charles Goddell
June 20, 1975
Page 3
Regionally based companies seem to be most willing to hire
persons having undergone the clemency proceedings. Although locally
based organizations exceed nationally based in terms of affirmative
replies, they also exceed them in negative replies.
Size of Organization and Willingness
to Hire Amnestant
Size
Willingness
25 or Less
to Hire
Employees
26-99
100-499
500-999
1000+
5000+
10,000+
Yes
0%
50.0%
50.0%
33.3%
36.8%
53.3%
55.6%
No
37.5
33.3
0
0
0
6.7
5.6
Depends
62.5
16.7
50.0
66.7
63.2
40.0
38.8
Total
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
The above seems to indicate that chances of employment for the
amnestants increases with the size of the organization involved.
Type of Organization and Willingness
to Hire Amnestant
Type of Organization
Willingness to Hire Amnestant
Yes
No
Depends
Manufacturing
38.7%
16.1%
45.2%
Engineering & Research
50.0
0
50.0
Service Industries
40.0
13.3
46.7
Sales
50.0
0
50.0
Construction & Extractive
33.3
0
66.7
Education
16.6
0
83.4
Public Utilities
60.0
0
40.0
Government
100.0
0
0
The above indicates that more specialized persons, e.g. engin-
eers or research scientists have greater chances of being hired. Gov-
ernment, although that sample was small, is also a good prospective em-
ployer for the amnestants. Industries requiring less skill seemed more
negative.
As I stated above, these findings are part of a larger survey
on military status and employment generally. If you wish other find-
Sehator Charles Goddell
June 20, 1975
Page 4
ings do not hesitate to write or call me. If you feel that the above
could be useful in some way, I would be willing to cooperate with you.
Best wishes for success in your endeavors.
Sincerely,
William A. Pearman
William A. Pearman
Acting Dean, Social Sciences
WAP:ab
HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., N.J., CHAIRMAN
JENNINGS RANDOLPH, W. VA.
JACOB K. JAVITS, N.Y.
CLAIBORNE PELL. R.I.
PETER H. DOMINICK, COLD.
EDWARD M. KENNEDY, MASS.
RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, PA.
GAYLORD NELSON, WIS.
ROBERT TAFT, JR., OHIO
WALTER F. MONDALE, MINN.
J. GLENN BEALL, JR., MD.
THOMAS F. EAGLETON, MO.
ROBERT T. STAFFORD, VT.
United States Senate
ALAN CRANSTON, CALIF.
HAROLD E. HUGHES, IOWA
WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, MAINE
COMMITTEE ON
LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE
STEWART E. MC CLURE, STAFF DIRECTOR
ROBERT E. NAGLE, GENERAL COUNSEL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510
June 26, 1975
The Honorable Gerald R. Ford
The-White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. President:
We are writing with respect to young men who want to participate in the
clemency program but who failed to meet the March 31st deadline. According
to the Clemency Board, there are several hundred young men in this category.
We have stated on numerous occasions that we believe that your promulga-
tion of the clemency program last summer was a very constructive step toward
healing the deep and bitter wounds caused by the Vietnam conflict. For that
reason we have introduced a bill to continue that program with certain
modifications. The Senate Government Operations Committee has stated that
there will be hearings on this measure, and we are hopeful that at same
point in the near future Congress will pass appropriate legislation.
In the meantime, it seems to us that people who have already indicated
their desire to participate in the program should be given that opportunity.
The administrative costs would be minimal. The benefits to human lives
would be immeasurable. We think it would be most unfortunate if people who
share your desire for reconciliation were turned away while they wait for
the legislative process to take hold. We are particularly concerned about
their situation in light of newspaper reports that one draft evader was
placed in jail when he returned to the United States on the mistaken
assumption that he could apply for clemency after March 31st. A copy of
that report is enclosed. Also, we regret the small numbers -- compared
to the total involved -- SO far reached by the program.
Again, we think you should be commended for your very constructive
steps in this area. We will make every effort to get the Congress to
stand with you in trying to bind up the wounds of Vietnam.
Sincerely,
JACOB K. JAVITS
CAYLORD NELSON
U.S. Senator
U.S. Senator
CC: Hon. Charles Goodell
Hon. Edward H. Levi
GREATE R. FORD
Amnesty Group Wages Drive
To Free Queens War Resister
By PAUL L MONTGOMERY
Groups seeking unconditiona)
get clemency if they agreed
amnesty for war resisters are
to a year of two of "alternate
NEW YORK TIMES
mounting a campaign in behalf
service" in public-service jobs.
of a 32-year-old Queens man
About 600 men were freed
who. is one of a handful of
Thursday, May 15, 1975
from jails or military stockades
Americans still in jail for re-
under the program, and many
fusing to serve in Vietnam.
fugitives turned themselves in.
The draft resister, Andrew
It is believed that the only
Davis, has been in the Federal
war resisters remaining in jail
House of Detention on West
are Mr. Davis and a few others,
Street since April 10. He had
perhaps three or four, who re-
returned to the United States
fused the clemency program.
from Canada to take advantage
of President Ford's clemency
Mr. Davis said that pressing
business in Toronto prevented
program, but missed the March
31 deadline. Since he had fled
him from returning to the Unit-
ed States until after the March
the country after conviction on
31 deadline but that someone
a draft charge in 1969, he was
in the United States consulate
arrested as a fugitive and is
being held without bail,
in Toronto had told him he
would still be eligible for clem-
124,400 Men Eligible
ency if he reported late.
According to Administration
Assistant United States Attor-
figures, there were 124,400 men
ney Thomas Maher of the East-
eligible for the clemency pro-
ern District of New York said
gram between the time it was
Mr. Davis did not make that
announced last Sept 16 and
argument when he surrendered
the March 31 deadline. Of
on April 10.
these, 24,881 applied and are
We Can't Change the Rules'
being processed. So far as could
be determined, Mr. Davis is
"It's a shame, but there isn't
the only one of the nearly
a thing wt can do," said Nia
100,000 others who has been
Nicholas, speaking for the Pres-
arrested
idential Clemency Board "We
This is & screaming example
tried so hard to get the word
of the hollowness of the Pres-
out to everybody about the
ident's no-recriminations poli-
deadline. We can't change tht
cy," said Dee C. Knight of
rules; it wouldn't be fair to
the National Council for Uni-
the others.
versal and Unconditional Am-
Mr. Davis's lawyer, Conrad
nesty, which is organizing sup-
J. Lynn, and his mother plan
port for Mr. Davis. "It under-
to go to Washington this week
lines the ironies and inequities
to confer with officials and
of the whole system.
Congressmen about the case.
Last Sunday, at a rally in Ctn-
Social Worker in Toronto
tral Park, Mrs. Stewart collect-
Mr. Davis, who holds a degree
ed 750 signatures on letters
in psychology from City Coi-
to President Ford asking a par-
lege, was a caseworker for the
don for her son.
Welfare Department when he
"I've just been grief-stricken
was drafted in 1968. He applied
over this," Mrs. Stewart said.
for conscientious objector sta-
"He's always bten such a good,
tus, arguing that he opposed
peaceful boy."
the Vietnam war, that there
were no blacks on his draft
board, and that a disproportion-
ate number of blacks were al-
ready in service.
His petition was denied, and
Mr. Davis refused induction.
He was tried, convicted and
sentenced to three years in
prison, but was freed pending
appeals. When the appeals
were denied, in late 1969, Mr.
Davis fled.
He worked as a socia] worker
for the City of Tomoto and
helped support his three sisters
and widowed mother, Rosalie
Stewart, of Richmond Hill. Qu-
eens. In January, he says, he
received a letter from the Jus-
tice Department stating he
would be eligible for the cle-
mency program.
3 or 4 Others in Jail
Under the program, those
serving sentences or those, like
Mr. Davis, under conviction for
draft evasion or desertion could
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet
WITHDRAWAL ID 01995
REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL
Donor restriction
TYPE OF MATERIAL
Note
CREATOR'S NAME
Carolyn
RECEIVER'S NAME
Charles Goodell
DESCRIPTION
Re an applicant
CREATION DATE
07/1975
COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
019300021
COLLECTION TITLE
Charles Goodell Papers
BOX NUMBER
2
FOLDER TITLE
Correspondence (1)-(3)
DATE WITHDRAWN
11/20/1990
WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST
WHM