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- 8 -
NATIONAL
ARCHIVES &
GREAT
RECORDS
American persistence and the cooperation of
ADMIN
Secretary General U Thant and Mediator Tuomioja
worked out an ingenious method of negotiation
between Greece and Turkey. Here again, as in the
1959-1960 talks, it seemed essential to any hope
of success to reach, first, a desire to agree and
an understanding between our allies before enter-
ing discussions with the Archbishop. His attitude
at the time, if one could judge it from conduct,
was, though understandable, not conducive to agree-
ment. It was to gain his end -- unconditional
independence -- but also to cause as much humiliation
to Turkey as possible in the course of gaining it.
If successful, he would, of course, decrease the
belief of Turkish Cypriots in the power of Turkey
to come to their aid.
At length it was agreed that President Johnson's
representative should go to Geneva where Ambassador
Tuomioja had his headquarters, and there, keeping
the Ambassador informed, have talks separately with
Greek and Turkish representatives. There were to be
no commitments, preconditions, communiques, or
organization. The Turks sent an eminent professor
of international law, who was also Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Turkish Par-
liament, Dr. Nihat Erim; the Greeks, a distinguished
diplomat, now Greek Ambassador in London, Dimitrios
Nicolareizis. Lord Hood of the British Foreign Of-
fice and a long-time friend of Washingtonians kept
an eye on British interests.
As the talks opened, one sensed that -- theo- -
retically, at least -- the interests of Greece and
Turkey in Cyprus might not be irreconcilable. The
Greek interest seemed to pass through the formal
stage of unconditional independence to enosis, with
guarantees of rights of the Turkish minority, vaguely
described as "adequate." " The Turks were prepared to
accept enosis for some part of the island with Greece,
provided there was a compensating enosis of another
part with Turkey, a solution called "double enosis.
11
Or they were willing to negotiate an independent
Cyprus organized on a cantonal basis, with consider-
able local autonomy and some shifting of population.
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"ocrText": "- 8 -\nNATIONAL\nARCHIVES &\nGREAT\nRECORDS\nAmerican persistence and the cooperation of\nADMIN\nSecretary General U Thant and Mediator Tuomioja\nworked out an ingenious method of negotiation\nbetween Greece and Turkey. Here again, as in the\n1959-1960 talks, it seemed essential to any hope\nof success to reach, first, a desire to agree and\nan understanding between our allies before enter-\ning discussions with the Archbishop. His attitude\nat the time, if one could judge it from conduct,\nwas, though understandable, not conducive to agree-\nment. It was to gain his end -- unconditional\nindependence -- but also to cause as much humiliation\nto Turkey as possible in the course of gaining it.\nIf successful, he would, of course, decrease the\nbelief of Turkish Cypriots in the power of Turkey\nto come to their aid.\nAt length it was agreed that President Johnson's\nrepresentative should go to Geneva where Ambassador\nTuomioja had his headquarters, and there, keeping\nthe Ambassador informed, have talks separately with\nGreek and Turkish representatives. There were to be\nno commitments, preconditions, communiques, or\norganization. The Turks sent an eminent professor\nof international law, who was also Chairman of the\nCommittee on Foreign Relations of the Turkish Par-\nliament, Dr. Nihat Erim; the Greeks, a distinguished\ndiplomat, now Greek Ambassador in London, Dimitrios\nNicolareizis. Lord Hood of the British Foreign Of-\nfice and a long-time friend of Washingtonians kept\nan eye on British interests.\nAs the talks opened, one sensed that -- theo- -\nretically, at least -- the interests of Greece and\nTurkey in Cyprus might not be irreconcilable. The\nGreek interest seemed to pass through the formal\nstage of unconditional independence to enosis, with\nguarantees of rights of the Turkish minority, vaguely\ndescribed as \"adequate.\" \" The Turks were prepared to\naccept enosis for some part of the island with Greece,\nprovided there was a compensating enosis of another\npart with Turkey, a solution called \"double enosis.\n11\nOr they were willing to negotiate an independent\nCyprus organized on a cantonal basis, with consider-\nable local autonomy and some shifting of population."
}