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1 IDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 8, 1950 ST.LOUIS POST-DISPATCH 3C N OFFICIAL STATE DEPARTMENT BOOKLET onal Aims, What They Are, How We Are ce to Face With the Russians, and Why JOHN AFCHIVES AND RECORDS u s ADMIN, is a long, hard road, partly be- it, but you can't argue with it. armament, which is essential. It doing many things that contribute cause there are many situations Therefore, we go to work, as I may lead eventually to a form of ent of weakness all over the world, to the larger objective of building said, to change those situations of world government, which is a pos- a community of nations. as a result of two world wars and weakness so that they won't cre- sibility that excites the imagina- This is not to suggest that the a world-wide depression between ate opportunities for fishing and tion of some adventurous people. threat of tyranny is a blessing in the wars. And these situations opportunities for trouble." For the immediate future, at disguise. Far from it. It is 'an of weakness, said the Secretary, The Secretary concluded his least, we must reconcile ourselves evil thing and its evil effects will are an irresistible invitation for talk by stressing that it is a good to the need to divert a large part remain to plague the world long the Soviet Government to fish in thing to examine our course. It of our thought and our resources after the threat of Soviet power troubled waters. is a good thing to look at every to the defense of the free world. is past. "You Can't Argue" With Soviets. possibility which comes up. We We must give our attention to No nation can go through an "To ask them not to fish and must continue. to do that. "We meeting and preventing aggres- ordeal of this kind unscathed. to say we will have an agreement must remember always,' he said, sion by creating situations of But we, at least, can emerge from that you won't fish is like trying "that the road to peace is long strength. As we go about this it self-disciplined and more deep- to deal with a force of nature," and difficult in the world as it immediate and urgent job, we ly aware of our national interests he said. "You can't argue with a is today. But we must never find ourselves doing many things in freedom and peace. river-it: is going to flow. You waiver in pursuing that goal, we that we would have to be doing In that context, let us consider can dam it up, you can put it to must never for a moment doubt even if there were no aggressors the method by which we arrive at useful purposes, you can deflect the possibility of achieving it." in the world. We find ourselves our foreign policies. Best Hope of Eventual Agreement People Themselves Shape Policy Involves Enforcing U.N. Charter Through President, State Dept. H ELPING to create situations of strength in many parts of the M ANY people would like to know how and where foreign policy is made. Is it made in the White House? In the Depart- world is the Number 1 policy of the United States in the year ment? In the Congress? In Middletown, Ia.? Or does it, 1950. This policy holds out the best hope of reaching eventual like Topsy, just grow? The answer to all these questions is "Yes." agreement with the Soviet Union. This is not as confusing as it icies reflect what we are and This policy involves action to of our foreign policy. seems. what we want. But at first glance, carry out the Charter of the Unit- But unfortunately that is not The Constitution gives the it might seem almost impossible ed Nations so that the United possible. The Soviet power drive President of the United States that a country as large as ours, Nations organization may serve as has cut across the course that we full authority for making foreign with a population as numerous a powerful bulwark of peace and and other peace-minded peoples policies and carrying them out. and as varied as ours could give. a a deterrent to aggression. It in- had charted for ourselves as a As the elected representative of clear-cut, understandable idea of volves action under the Charter hurricane cuts across the path of the people, he has the respon- what it is and what it wants. Most to build up and pool the military a ship. It has blown us all miles sibility of translating the will of foreigners find it hard to make defenses of the United States and off our course. It has been a the people into foreign policy sense out of what sounds to them other free nations. tragic interruption to our prog- and of promoting the national in- like a babel of voices, what looks It involves action to weld the ress, a wasteful diversion of our terests in terms of foreign poli- to them like a scene of headlong free nations together politically plowing ahead, breasting the hur- cies. confusion in the United States. and develop collective policies for ricane as we go, holding to our The Constitution gives the Sen- As they come to know us, the a constructive, dynamic peace. main purposes. ate the job of approving or re- sound tends to become a voice, It involves economic action to What Does It Mean? the confusion takes on a certain jecting treaties and major ap- enable the free nations to pro- order. What does it mean to build an pointments made by the Presi- duce and trade and prosper, so international community? dent. Both Houses of Congress Actually, the American people on thou- that their peoples will see in vol- It means, first, organizing are better equipped than most hold the purse strings, which of us can untary co-operation the promise the members to deal collec- other people to form and ex- of a better life for themselves gives them considerable power press their ideas and to arrite at ed about tively with their problems, and over foreign policies, for which and their children. to defend themselves collec- something approximating a na- they also are directly responsible o under- tional purpose. That is because Finally, it involves action to tively against anyone who may to the people. our lines of communication are ments. promote the flow of ideas, of in- threaten the peace and tran- The Congress may also give many and strong. It is also be- formation, of people and of goods quility of the community. So the President advice about for- ry if we to invigorate the free societies cause the atmosphere of the we took the lead in organizing eign policies through joint reso- or peace and make the benefits of freedom the United Nations and its var- American community-a legacy of lutions. clear to all people on both sides ious specialized -gencies. the New England town meeting- of the Iron Curtain. It means, second, repairing The President's Right Arm. encourages everyone to have an policies In 1789 President Washington opinion and to speak his mind A Great Deal Has Been Done. the damage of war, so that useful to appointed the first Secretary of freely. A great deal has been done in members in good standing can each of these fields of action. A play their full part in the life State, Thomas Jefferson, as his Voice of American People. what we of the community. To this end, agent and adviser in carrying out The American people speak nd their great deal more needs to be done. we took the lead in organizing foreign 'policies. And today the their minds daily in a thousand Succeeding chapters will discuss the Marshall Plan and the Secretary of State and the De- ways. They communicate direct- what has been done and what relief programs which pre- partment of State are still the ly with their Government by let- of Amer- needs to be done in concrete ceded it. right arm of the President in the ters and telegrams. They com- :t of the terms. It means, third, bringing the conduct of international relations. municate indirectly through the erstand- The policy of creating situa- outlaws back into the commu- In practice, most of the agen- press, the radio, and through the nd if it tions of strength happens to be nity as decent, working mem- cies of the Federal Government leaders of their churches, clubs, the best response to the problem bers. So we undertook the -43 at the last count-are now labor unions and other organiza- orved its of Soviet expansion. But it is tions. occupation of Germany and concerned. in one way or an- much more than that. Japan, and the education of The lines of communication are other, with foreign relations. It is part of a broad new policy their peoples in the ways of good, but they could be even bet- These agencies work together that-grew-out-of-the-experience democracy, ter. In recent years, the Gov- through some 33 joint commit- of the American people in the It means, fourth, helping the tees with 142 subcommittees ernment-ha mader a prodigious people of the underdeveloped effort to establish closer relations second World War. That experi- that study and advise on for- ence destroyed the last comfort- regions of the world to pull with the people, to develop a eign policy matters. able illusion of geographical se- their standards of living up to two-way traffic of facts and ideas. curity. It discredited, once and a level that modern science Secretary Acheson once de- Examples of this effort showed for all, the ,doctrine of isolation- and technology have brought scribed the situation in these up in the preparation of the within reach of all people. So words: "The President lays down United Nations and the Marshall ism. we have embarked on the what the policy shall be. In many Plan. Here were two major pol- In the light of that experience, Americans made a radical ad- Point Four Program of tech- cases the Congress lays down icy decisions in the making of can hope by their nical co-operation with people what the policy shall be. The which the people and the Govern- justment in their thinking. They who want and can profit by President may propose and the ment really co-operated with some came gradually to realize and to our aid. Congress disposes, but the State success. United accept the fact that far-off events It means, fifth, developing a Department has the job of fore- Both decisions precipitated e threat could affect their safety and well- sensible system of trade, so seeing a problem before it arises. great national discussions. Both expan- being. A crop failure in India, a that all the members of the It gets all the other agencies in involved long public hearings be- promote famine or flood in China, an elec- community can expect that the Executive Branch together to fore the committees of the Con- tion in Finland, a murder in Bos- their work will contribute to make a proposal. It gets the gress to which citizens came and 1 an ex- nia-all kinds of events and a healthy and expanding eco- we take President's approval, or modifica- presented their ideas. Both led trends, good or bad, might even- nomic life for themselves. tion, and then takes it up with to the creation of citizens' com- onference tually come to roost on the Amer- To this end, we have helped to ican housetop. Americans, they the Congress through the House mittees which studied the problem tate. write an international charter of knew at last, live and will con- and Committees, and and reported. fair trade practices, and to cre- moves it forward to some final There is no simple prescription tinue to live in an exposed po- ate an International Trade Or- action in the Government. There- for the making of a democratic sition. ganization, where the nations can fore the State foreign policy. Because of the

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    "ocrText": "1\nIDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 8, 1950\nST.LOUIS POST-DISPATCH\n3C\nN OFFICIAL STATE DEPARTMENT BOOKLET\nonal Aims, What They Are, How We Are\nce to Face With the Russians, and Why\nJOHN AFCHIVES AND\nRECORDS\nu s ADMIN,\nis a long, hard road, partly be-\nit, but you can't argue with it.\narmament, which is essential.\nIt\ndoing many things that contribute\ncause there are many situations\nTherefore, we go to work, as I\nmay lead eventually to a form of\nent\nof weakness all over the world,\nto the larger objective of building\nsaid, to change those situations of\nworld government, which is a pos-\na\ncommunity of nations.\nas a result of two world wars and\nweakness so that they won't cre-\nsibility that excites the imagina-\nThis is not to suggest that the\na world-wide depression between\nate opportunities for fishing and\ntion of some adventurous people.\nthreat of tyranny is a blessing in\nthe wars. And these situations\nopportunities for trouble.\"\nFor the immediate future, at\ndisguise. Far from it. It is 'an\nof weakness, said the Secretary,\nThe Secretary concluded his\nleast, we must reconcile ourselves\nevil thing and its evil effects will\nare an irresistible invitation for\ntalk by stressing that it is a good\nto the need to divert a large part\nremain to plague the world long\nthe Soviet Government to fish in\nthing to examine our course.\nIt\nof our thought and our resources\nafter the threat of Soviet power\ntroubled waters.\nis a good thing to look at every\nto the defense of the free world.\nis past.\n\"You Can't Argue\" With Soviets.\npossibility which comes up. We\nWe must give our attention to\nNo nation can go through an\n\"To ask them not to fish and\nmust continue. to do that. \"We\nmeeting and preventing aggres-\nordeal of this kind unscathed.\nto say we will have an agreement\nmust remember always,' he said,\nsion by creating situations of\nBut we, at least, can emerge from\nthat you won't fish is like trying\n\"that the road to peace is long\nstrength. As we go about this\nit self-disciplined and more deep-\nto deal with a force of nature,\"\nand difficult in the world as it\nimmediate and urgent job, we\nly aware of our national interests\nhe said. \"You can't argue with a\nis today. But we must never\nfind ourselves doing many things\nin freedom and peace.\nriver-it: is going to flow. You\nwaiver in pursuing that goal, we\nthat we would have to be doing\nIn that context, let us consider\ncan dam it up, you can put it to\nmust never for a moment doubt\neven if there were no aggressors\nthe method by which we arrive at\nuseful purposes, you can deflect the possibility of achieving it.\"\nin the world. We find ourselves our foreign policies.\nBest Hope of Eventual Agreement\nPeople Themselves Shape Policy\nInvolves Enforcing U.N. Charter\nThrough President, State Dept.\nH\nELPING to create situations of strength in many parts of the\nM\nANY people would like to know how and where foreign policy\nis\nmade. Is it made in the White House? In the Depart-\nworld is the Number 1 policy of the United States in the year\nment? In the Congress? In Middletown, Ia.? Or does it,\n1950. This policy holds out the best hope of reaching eventual\nlike\nTopsy, just grow? The answer to all these questions is \"Yes.\"\nagreement with the Soviet Union.\nThis is not as confusing as\nit\nicies reflect what we are and\nThis policy involves action to\nof our foreign policy.\nseems.\nwhat we want. But at first glance,\ncarry out the Charter of the Unit-\nBut unfortunately that is not\nThe Constitution gives the\nit might seem almost impossible\ned Nations so that the United\npossible. The Soviet power drive\nPresident of the United States\nthat a country as large as ours,\nNations organization may serve as\nhas cut across the course that we\nfull authority for making foreign\nwith a population as numerous\na powerful bulwark of peace and\nand other peace-minded peoples\npolicies and carrying them out.\nand as varied as ours could give. a\na deterrent to aggression. It in-\nhad charted for ourselves as a\nAs the elected representative of\nclear-cut, understandable idea of\nvolves action under the Charter\nhurricane cuts across the path of\nthe people, he has the respon-\nwhat it is and what it wants. Most\nto build up and pool the military\na ship. It has blown us all miles\nsibility of translating the will of\nforeigners find it hard to make\ndefenses of the United States and\noff our course. It has been\na\nthe people into foreign policy\nsense out of what sounds to them\nother free nations.\ntragic interruption to our prog-\nand of promoting the national in-\nlike a babel of voices, what looks\nIt involves action to weld the\nress, a wasteful diversion of our\nterests in terms of foreign poli-\nto them like a scene of headlong\nfree nations together politically\nplowing ahead, breasting the hur-\ncies.\nconfusion in the United States.\nand develop collective policies for\nricane as we go, holding to our\nThe Constitution gives the Sen-\nAs they come to know us, the\na constructive, dynamic peace.\nmain purposes.\nate the job of approving or re-\nsound tends to become a voice,\nIt involves economic action to\nWhat Does It Mean?\nthe confusion takes on a certain\njecting treaties and major ap-\nenable the free nations to pro-\norder.\nWhat does it mean to build an\npointments made by the Presi-\nduce and trade and prosper, so\ninternational community?\ndent. Both Houses of Congress\nActually, the American people\non thou-\nthat their peoples will see in vol-\nIt means, first, organizing\nare better equipped than most\nhold the purse strings, which\nof us can\nuntary co-operation the promise\nthe members to deal collec-\nother people to form and ex-\nof a better life for themselves\ngives them considerable power\npress their ideas and to arrite at\ned about\ntively with their problems, and\nover foreign policies, for which\nand their children.\nto defend themselves collec-\nsomething approximating a na-\nthey also are directly responsible\no under-\ntional purpose. That is because\nFinally, it involves action to\ntively against anyone who may\nto the people.\nour lines of communication are\nments.\npromote the flow of ideas, of in-\nthreaten the peace and tran-\nThe Congress may also give\nmany and strong. It is also be-\nformation, of people and of goods\nquility of the community. So\nthe President advice about for-\nry if we\nto invigorate the free societies\ncause the atmosphere of the\nwe took the lead in organizing\neign policies through joint reso-\nor peace\nand make the benefits of freedom\nthe United Nations and its var-\nAmerican community-a legacy of\nlutions.\nclear to all people on both sides\nious specialized -gencies.\nthe New England town meeting-\nof the Iron Curtain.\nIt means, second, repairing\nThe President's Right Arm.\nencourages everyone to have an\npolicies\nIn 1789 President Washington\nopinion and to speak his mind\nA Great Deal Has Been Done.\nthe damage of war, so that\nuseful to\nappointed the first Secretary of\nfreely.\nA great deal has been done in\nmembers in good standing can\neach of these fields of action. A\nplay their full part in the life\nState, Thomas Jefferson, as his\nVoice of American People.\nwhat we\nof the community. To this end,\nagent and adviser in carrying out\nThe American people speak\nnd their\ngreat deal more needs to be done.\nwe took the lead in organizing\nforeign 'policies. And today the\ntheir minds daily in a thousand\nSucceeding chapters will discuss\nthe Marshall Plan and the\nSecretary of State and the De-\nways. They communicate direct-\nwhat has been done and what\nrelief programs which pre-\npartment of State are still the\nly with their Government by let-\nof Amer-\nneeds to be done in concrete\nceded it.\nright arm of the President in the\nters and telegrams. They com-\n:t of the\nterms.\nIt means, third, bringing the\nconduct of international relations.\nmunicate indirectly through the\nerstand-\nThe policy of creating situa-\noutlaws back into the commu-\nIn practice, most of the agen-\npress, the radio, and through the\nnd if it\ntions of strength happens to be\nnity as decent, working mem-\ncies of the Federal Government\nleaders of their churches, clubs,\nthe best response to the problem\nbers. So we undertook the\n-43 at the last count-are now\nlabor unions and other organiza-\norved its\nof Soviet expansion. But it is\ntions.\noccupation of Germany and\nconcerned. in one way or an-\nmuch more than that.\nJapan, and the education of\nThe lines of communication are\nother, with foreign relations.\nIt is part of a broad new policy\ntheir peoples in the ways of\ngood, but they could be even bet-\nThese agencies work together\nthat-grew-out-of-the-experience\ndemocracy,\nter. In recent years, the Gov-\nthrough some 33 joint commit-\nof the American people in the\nIt means, fourth, helping the\ntees with 142 subcommittees\nernment-ha mader a prodigious\npeople of the underdeveloped\neffort to establish closer relations\nsecond World War. That experi-\nthat study and advise on for-\nence destroyed the last comfort-\nregions of the world to pull\nwith the people, to develop a\neign policy matters.\nable illusion of geographical se-\ntheir standards of living up to\ntwo-way traffic of facts and ideas.\ncurity. It discredited, once and\na level that modern science\nSecretary Acheson once de-\nExamples of this effort showed\nfor all, the ,doctrine of isolation-\nand technology have brought\nscribed the situation in these\nup in the preparation of the\nwithin reach of all people. So\nwords: \"The President lays down\nUnited Nations and the Marshall\nism.\nwe have embarked on the\nwhat the policy shall be. In many\nPlan. Here were two major pol-\nIn the light of that experience,\nAmericans made a radical ad-\nPoint Four Program of tech-\ncases the Congress lays down\nicy decisions in the making of\ncan hope\nby their\nnical co-operation with people\nwhat the policy shall be. The\nwhich the people and the Govern-\njustment in their thinking. They\nwho want and can profit by\nPresident may propose and the\nment really co-operated with some\ncame gradually to realize and to\nour\naid.\nCongress disposes, but the State\nsuccess.\nUnited\naccept the fact that far-off events\nIt means, fifth, developing a\nDepartment has the job of fore-\nBoth decisions precipitated\ne threat\ncould affect their safety and well-\nsensible system of trade, so\nseeing a problem before it arises.\ngreat national discussions. Both\nexpan-\nbeing. A crop failure in India, a\nthat all the members of the\nIt gets all the other agencies in\ninvolved long public hearings be-\npromote\nfamine or flood in China, an elec-\ncommunity can expect that\nthe Executive Branch together to\nfore the committees of the Con-\ntion in Finland, a murder in Bos-\ntheir work will contribute to\nmake a proposal. It gets the\ngress to which citizens came and\n1 an ex-\nnia-all kinds of events and\na healthy and expanding eco-\nwe take\nPresident's approval, or modifica-\npresented their ideas. Both led\ntrends, good or bad, might even-\nnomic life for themselves.\ntion, and then takes it up with\nto the creation of citizens' com-\nonference\ntually come to roost on the Amer-\nTo this end, we have helped to\nican housetop. Americans, they\nthe Congress through the House\nmittees which studied the problem\ntate.\nwrite an international charter of\nknew at last, live and will con-\nand Committees, and\nand reported.\nfair trade practices, and to cre-\nmoves it forward to some final\nThere is no simple prescription\ntinue to live in an exposed po-\nate an International Trade Or-\naction in the Government. There-\nfor the making of a democratic\nsition.\nganization, where the nations can\nfore the State\nforeign policy. Because of the"
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