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37 ing securities resulted in an outflow of $17.9 continue to be unable, to buy dollar products million in 1948. on a scale commensurate with that of prewar Although very small in 1948, Canada's days. Some re-direction of Canadian trade total postwar contribution to world recovery therefore is essential, some careful attention through gifts, loans, credits, and relief has to the means of holding old and discovering been approximately $2,000,000,000, of which new markets, and perhaps also some general the largest loan was to the UK in the amount re-fashioning of the economy in such a way of $1,250 million. On a per capita basis this as to be less dependent upon foreign trade. was greater than the US contribution. This re-direction has in fact already begun, with the restriction of imports from and in- 8. Economic Outlook. crease of exports to the US and the stimula- tion (as yet rather slight) of imports from Some aspects of economic activity in Can- the UK. What is perhaps even more signifi- ada show definite signs of decline from the cant is the increase in national self-sufficiency extreme postwar peak of prosperity achieved through greater diversification of domestic in- in 1948. This decline has caused concern in dustrial activity. With its great wealth of some industries, and has induced caution untapped natural resources, the prevailing among Canadian businessmen, yet there is high standard of living coupled with its ca- no reason to expect serious difficulties in the pacity to absorb immigrants, economic ex- near future. pansion will probably be greater in Canada Canada's problem, like that of most nations, than in most other countries. The transition is to adjust its economy to the altered world to a new pattern, however, cannot be alto- trading situation of the mid-twentieth cen- gether easy; increased dependence on the US tury. As explained above, the established market, for example, means increased sensi- pattern was for Canada to sell its products tivity to fluctuations in the US economy. The extensively in Europe, especially in the UK, standard of living in Canada, high as it is, and to buy extensively from the US, and the may be subject to downward adjustment if ample flow of this foreign trade was vital to the level of foreign trade declines. Despite the Canadian economic system. But Canada these things, few countries in the world have is a hard-currency country and the nations SO many sound reasons for viewing the eco- of Europe are now unable, and seem likely to nomic future with optimism.

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