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{
    "localId": "7788604",
    "label": "War Department Report, The Soviet Union",
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    "id": "7788604",
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    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "War Department Report, The Soviet Union",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7788604",
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        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
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    "subjects": [
        "Cold War",
        "International relations",
        "United States-Soviet relations"
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            "logicalDate": "1948-01-01",
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{
    "seq": 25,
    "pageIndex": 0,
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    "ocrText": "RESTRICTED\nSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH\nAcademy of Artillery Science, the formation of which has\nTraining of Scientific Personnel\njust been announced.\nIn addition to strengthening coordination in the matter\nIn line with the expansion of research and development\nof research investigations, concerted attention is also being\nfacilities, the Soviet Government has launched an exten-\ndevoted to the matter of decreasing the time lag between\nsive program for the training of large numbers of well-\nscientific discoveries and the development of improved\nqualified scientists and engineers, as well as production\ntechniques on the one hand, and their industrial utilization\npersonnel. The restoration of damaged higher educa-\non the other.\ntional institutions is progressing at a great rate, and the\nUnder the Soviet socialist system, there is no such thing\ntotal number of such institutions is increasing rapidly. At\nas a trade secret. Theoretically, any development origi-\nthe beginning of the 1945 school year the number was\nnated by one institution is available to any other which\nslightly greater than 700; in 1946, well over 800. Simi-\nmight profit by it. However, in the past, the fruits of\nlarly, the number of qualified teachers, reduced by about\nthis system have not been fully realized. Many very\none-fifth during the war, also is being increased as rapidly\nimportant industrial developments have been published\nas possible. Two thousand teachers of physics alone have\nonly in factory trudy (transactions), which are printed in\nbeen sent from secondary schools to universities and peda-\nvery limited numbers and have small distribution. This\ngogical institutes for training which will enable them to\nalso has. been true of scientific discoveries which might\nteach in higher schools. Emphasis in this training pro-\nhave profitable utilizations. However, printing facilities\ngram likewise is being given to fields only recently de-\nare being rapidly expanded on all levels and used for\nveloped, such as radio-location (radar) and atomic energy,\npublication and \"propagandizing\" of scientific and tech-\nas well as to those fields in which the Soviet Union is under-\nnical news. In 1942 the Academy organized a Council for\nstaffed, such as iron, steel, fuel, power, and transport\nScientific and Technical Propaganda. One of the func-\nindustries.\ntions of this Council is to introduce modern scientific and\nThis program is well integrated with both scientific re-\ntechnical achievements into the national economy through\nsearch institutes and industrial enterprises. In April 1946,\nlectures and consultations, as well as through the press.\nthe Commission of Higher Education, organized in 1944\nThe Komsomol, or junior Communist organization, is now\nfor the purpose of organizing and coordinating all sci-\nalso participating in this work.\nentific and research activities in higher schools, was\nAnother hindrance ,to the rapid adoption of new\nraised to ministerial status. This Ministry now exercises\nmethods formerly has been the above-mentioned quota\ndirect supervision over all higher educational institutions,\nsystem, which serves to make industrial managers hesitate\nwhich in the U.S.S. R. includes research institutes as well\nto fall behind temporarily in order to inaugurate a more\nas universities and technical institutes. The former in-\nefficient system. Also, though individuals receive large\nclude institutions of the Academy of Sciences, and pre-\nrewards for improving techniques, large-scale reconver-\nsumably those of the medical, agricultural, and artillery\nsions have been difficult to achieve. However, this problem\nacademies, as well as most of the industrial research insti-\nis receiving a great deal of attention. One striking\ntutes which were formerly directed by separate industrial\nexample is the wide-scale conversion of the metal industry\nministries, but were transferred to this Ministry of Higher\nto the use of pure oxygen in smelting operations, and a\nEducation when it was formed. The only institutes re-\nstudy is being devoted to similar conversion of other\nmaining under their respective Ministries are education,\nindustries.\n.railway transport, medical, physical culture, architecture,\nStill another indication of the attention being focused\nand art institutes. Thus, another step has been taken in\non this general problem is the fact that the institutes of\nimproving the coordination of research projects, for in\nthe Academy of Sciences now apparently are being\nthese higher educational institutes important research is\ncharged with carrying their immediately useful projects\nundertaken by both students and professors.\nthrough the development stage. The Academy was forced\nAdmission to such institutions is granted to promising\nto do this during the war, and was quite successful in this\nstudents upon completion of ten years of elementary and\nwork. The actual use of oxygen in industry is an example\nsecondary education, which includes compulsory courses\nof an Academy research problem carried through the\nin chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics, and cov-\ndevelopment stage by an Academician, Peter Kapitza.\ners as much as is ordinarily covered by a freshman or\nHowever, until recently, the question of whether an\nsophomore in an American university. Scientific and\nAcademy research institute should undertake such indus-\nengineering courses last four to five years, and reach a\ntrial development work ordinarily was one of the principal\nhigh academic level. Futhermore, original work and\nissues under debate in the Academy. This issue appar-\npractical accomplishment are, encouraged by many means.\nently has been resolved in the decision that the Academy\nScience clubs have been organized in many universities\nis responsible for such work when it is possible.\nand research institutes, which hold contests for the best\nRESTRICTED\n81"
}