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ANNEX C TO APPENDIX A
POSSIBLE MEASURES TO DETER A BERLIN CRISIS
1. Purpose.
The purpose of this list of actions is to demonstrate a United
States resolve to employ military force, to include the use of
nuclear weapons if necessary, to prevent the Soviets from taking
action to deny allied rights in Berlin.
2. Time Phasing.
The actions to be taken are keyed to Khrushchev 's pronounce-
ments to sign a separate treaty with the GDR by the end of 1961,
and are phased into three time groupings: D-6 MOS to D-4 MOS; D-4
MOS to D-2 MOS; D-2 MOS to D-DAY (31 DEC 1961). Although this
assumed time frame would not complete preparations by 31 October
1961, it would constitute as much progress as could be realistically
expected in a 4-month period assuming an approximate 1 July 1961
starting date.
3. Implementation.
Although measures are listed in a generally ascending order of
severity within the assumed time frame, the implementation of any
measure listed is dependent upon the circumstances which may develop
rapidly over the next few weeks. Accordingly, the measures could
be executed in any order required.
4. Political Measures.
Opposite each military measure is listed corresponding poli-
tical actions required for implementation. The political measures
column is not intended to cover all corresponding appropriate poli-
tical actions but only the most obvious ones required for military
action. Of primary importance is the requirement for a llied, parti-
cularly tripartite, agreement and cooperation for the full
effectiveness of many measures.
5. Covert actions.
Although not listed herein, it is assumed that covert activi-
ties in support of all appropriate measures will be provided
by the CIA and other government agencies concerned.
TOP SECRET
Annex C
JCSM-431-61
8
to Appendix A
SEGRE
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"ocrText": "TOP SECRET\nTOB\nANNEX C TO APPENDIX A\nPOSSIBLE MEASURES TO DETER A BERLIN CRISIS\n1. Purpose.\nThe purpose of this list of actions is to demonstrate a United\nStates resolve to employ military force, to include the use of\nnuclear weapons if necessary, to prevent the Soviets from taking\naction to deny allied rights in Berlin.\n2. Time Phasing.\nThe actions to be taken are keyed to Khrushchev 's pronounce-\nments to sign a separate treaty with the GDR by the end of 1961,\nand are phased into three time groupings: D-6 MOS to D-4 MOS; D-4\nMOS to D-2 MOS; D-2 MOS to D-DAY (31 DEC 1961). Although this\nassumed time frame would not complete preparations by 31 October\n1961, it would constitute as much progress as could be realistically\nexpected in a 4-month period assuming an approximate 1 July 1961\nstarting date.\n3. Implementation.\nAlthough measures are listed in a generally ascending order of\nseverity within the assumed time frame, the implementation of any\nmeasure listed is dependent upon the circumstances which may develop\nrapidly over the next few weeks. Accordingly, the measures could\nbe executed in any order required.\n4. Political Measures.\nOpposite each military measure is listed corresponding poli-\ntical actions required for implementation. The political measures\ncolumn is not intended to cover all corresponding appropriate poli-\ntical actions but only the most obvious ones required for military\naction. Of primary importance is the requirement for a llied, parti-\ncularly tripartite, agreement and cooperation for the full\neffectiveness of many measures.\n5. Covert actions.\nAlthough not listed herein, it is assumed that covert activi-\nties in support of all appropriate measures will be provided\nby the CIA and other government agencies concerned.\nTOP SECRET\nAnnex C\nJCSM-431-61\n8\nto Appendix A\nSEGRE"
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