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Pre-Presidential Papers of Richard M. Nixon
General Correspondence
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NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
DOCUMENT
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
Letter &
To: John D. J. Moore]
3/11/60
C
Attachments
From: Richard Nixon
(Shorthand)
[12 pages]
[Page 2 is withdrawn]
FILE LOCATION
Series 320 - General Correspondence
Box 527 - MOORE, John D. J.
RESTRICTION CODES
(A) Closed by Executive Order 11652 governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
GSA FORM 7122 (7.72)
Moore, Mr. John D. J.
New York, N. Y.
W. R. Grace and Company
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
December 19, 1960
Dear John:
Pat and I want you to know how very much we appreciated
the letter which you sent us after the election.
A message of congratulations after winning an election
is of course always appreciated although not unexpected. But
nothing could have meant more to us than to receive such a varm
and thoughtful message after losing.
In the years ahead as we look back to 1960, the dis-
appointment of losing the closest election in history will fade
into the background. But your act of thoughtfulness will always
remain close to our hearts.
Pat joins me in sending our very best wishes for Christmas
and the New Year.
Sincerely,
A
Richard Nixon
Mr. John D. J. Moore
W. R. Grace & Company
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W R GRACE & Co.
7 HANOVER square, new YORK 5, N.Y.
JOHN D.J MOORE
VICE PRESIDENT
S/Duh
December 6, 1960 oh
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
form
Dear Mr. Vice President:
I am just returning from my second South American trip
since Election Day. It made me recall the privilege I enjoyed of being
with you and Mrs. Nixon in South America two years ago. I do wish
to write to send you my very strong best wishes and to tell you how highly
your name is honored among the South Americans. I found the highest
praise for your character and person wherever I went.
As you may know, I worked on your campaign with Walter
Thayer and others and followed it closely. I am bitterly disappointed
with the result, but I wish to let you know how splendidly I think you and
Mrs. Nixon acquitted yourselves throughout. I truly hope that you will be
a candidate in 1964 and I hope to work for you.
/
I was, and I remain, proud to be a Nixon man.
With great respect and personal regards,
Sincerely yours,
your
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
7/14/59
RN Embasy saw reception
RUSSIAN TRIP FILE
at
One more person for the Moscow visit --
John Moore of W. R. Grace Co. (Executive Vice President)
myof" more
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
JOHN D. J. MOORE
7 HANOVER SQUARE
NEW YORK 5, N.Y
March 30, 1960
Miss Rose Mary Woods
Office of the Vice President
Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C.
Dear Rose:
It seems to be my letter writing
season all right, but I think a note from the
Rr
Vice President would greatly encourage this whole-
writing
some type of activity.
Best regards.
Sincerely,
attachment - CC Letter to the Vice President
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
March 30, 1960
The Honorable Richard N. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
This seems to be my season for barraging you
with mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well
worth a line.
Practically nobody seems to have paid any public
attention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to
U.S. private capital taking part in the development of Latin America
in many years.
As you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance
Company has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial
development and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a
rate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by
Latin American standards.
Today I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the
president of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has
not been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking
move to carry out the objectives which have been woiced 80 many
times by the President of the United States, by you and many others
including Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace
organization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold
to suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action
would have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment
community to step into this great field.
In any event this is a move in the direction which
you have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at-
tention I thought I would mention it to you.
With best regards,
Sincerely yours,
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960.
Prudential Insurance Grants
$100,000,000 Loan to Mexico
Special to The New York Times.
MEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long.
term loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu-
tion was announced here today. It consists of an advance
of $100,000,000 by the Pru-
dential Insurance Company
of America to Nacional Fi-
nanciera, a financing agency
of the Mexican Government.
The loan will run fifteen
years and will bear 6% per cent
interest. It will be subject to
retirement during the last ten
years of the term.
The insurance company did
not require the borrowing agen-
cy to specify any special pur-
pose for which the money was
to be spent. Nacional Finan-
ciera said that the loan would
be used to develop Mexico's
basic industries and to expand
public improvement projects
now in progress.
Nacional Financiera expressed
the hope that the credit granted
by Prudential, one of the larg-
est life insurance companies in
the United States, would stimu-
late other foreign private lend-
ing interests to put capital to
work in Mexico.
Offers Considered
The Mexican National Hous-
ing Institute is considering
"several" offers of private
capital from the United States
to help finance Mexico's giant
low-cost housing program, ac-
cording to Luis Quintanilla,
director. Until a decision is
reached and contracts are
signed he declined to name the
interests with which he was
negotiating.
Along with United States of-
fers are. several from Europe
and Mexico. "We are constantly
receiving proposals and are
constantly considering them to
see if they fit into our plans,"
Señor Quintanilla said. "What
we need is a very reasonable
rate of interest because of the
necessary long-term fifteen
years-of our loan. We are
seeking private capital because
no Government funds are avail-
able on the scale we need."
The first phase of Señor
Quintanilla's program calls for
spending $10,000,000 this year
for the purchase of land and
the construction of 1,000 apart-
ment units in Mexico City and
2,500 houses in seven cities. A
typical three-bedroom house is
designed to sell for $960, pay-
able over as long as fifteen
years.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
March 11, 1960
Dear John:
Moore, John D.J.
Henry Kearns has given me a copy of the
Grace Log in which you had some very generous
comments to make in regard to my trip to the
Soviet Union. I want you to know how much I ap-
preciated your writing as you did and I can only
say that I wish the Grace Log had a much larger
circulation!
Incidentally, looking at the picture, I wondered
if the face in the righthand corner might be yours --
whoever it is he certainly seems to be enjoying
himself.
With every good wish,
x-tra copy
x-RN dict.
folder
Sincerely,
PN
Richard Nixon
Mr. John D.J. Moore
Vice President
W. R. Grace and Company
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
bcc. Mr. Henry Kearns
RN/rmw/rd
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
APPENDIX
RICHARD M. NIXON DEPOSITORY
Document Control Sheet
Document removed, see entry number
on Document Withdrawal Sheet.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
DIPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
*
*
THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Sye
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
file
March 41960
The Vice President
United States Senate
Washington 25, D. C.
Dear Dick:
Here's one man who has his precinct in order.
Sincerely yours,
Enclosure
Only Henry Kearns
International Affairs
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
*
THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
March 41960
Mr. John D. J. Moore
Vice President
W. R. Grace & Co.
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Dear John:
Your article for the Grace Log concerning the Moscow
Fair is terrific. It certainly touches the high points of the
exhibition, from all the accounts I have heard, and it bespeaks
a message which merits constant repetition.
Of particular interest is your inspiring reference
to the Vice President. I don't know whether he has seen your
article or not, but I have taken the liberty of sending him
my copy with a copy of this note.
With all best wishes, I am,
Sincerely yours,
HENRY KEARNS
Henry Kearns
International Affairs
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
THE
GRACE LOG
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
1959
AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
UALITY
SERVICE
1
TECHNICAL
P2O5
ASSISTANCE
QUALITY
1
DEPENDABILITY
DELIVERY
2
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(S,Q2D₂TA,)
The DAVISON formula is more
than just Quality of product
Make no mistake, we do not underrate the importance of
quality We know that the Davison Hi-Flo Triple Supers
Hi-Flo Run-O-Pile Triple Superphos-
(Run-O-Pile, Gran-U-Lated and Blend-Phos), Davison Nor-
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mal Supers; Phosphate Rock and Phosphoric Acid
Hi-Flo Gran-U-Lated Triple Superphos-
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phate
guaranteed 46% available P2O5.
But Davison considers that the important "pluses"
Hi-Flo Blend-Phos Triple Superphos-
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45/46% available P2O5.
Service, Quality, Dependability, Delivery, Technical
Assistance are equally important in determining a source
Granulated Normal Superphosphate
for your needs. We consider them all parts of our product.
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DIVISION
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DAVISON CHEMICAL DIVISION
75% H3PO₄-54.5% available P2O5.
BALTIMORE 3. MARYLAND
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
REPORT ON RUSSIA
by John D J. Moore
John D.J. Moore, Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., was one of a group of American businessmen who at-
tended the opening of the American National Exhibition at Moscow. In this article he gives some of his im-
pressions of the impact on the Russians of the exposition and of Vice President Nixon's visit and speeches.
In this article I shall attempt to share with the readers
of a top-level official of the United States. His long and
of THE GRACE LOG some of my impressions and experi-
intensive training in dealing with the peoples and of-
ences of ten active days in the Soviet Union on the
ficials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation
occasion of Vice President Nixon's historic visit to Rus-
he had made for his mission and his strength of mind
sia for the opening of the American National Exhibition
and character all combined to make his visit tremen-
in Moscow It is obvious that in such a short visit no
dously successful.
man can become well acquainted with a country, but in
This is not only my observation. There is no more
the circumstances of the Nixon trip and the opening of
severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned Amer-
the exhibition, some reflections on what occurred there
ican newspaper correspondents. They are trained to
may be of interest.
judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all
of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon
MR. NIXON
visit were friendly to him politically or personally Yet,
It seems to me that the most important fact I ob-
as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit
served was the superb performance of Mr Nixon in
they were unanimous in their agreement that he had
what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia
represented his country to perfection-from his opening
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
The second of the two public debates between Messrs. Nixon
and Khrushchev was the "Battle of the Toasts," which oc-
curred after the "Kitchen Debate." It started pleasantly
enough, as this photograph indicates. Mr. Nixon invited Mr.
Khrushchev to taste some California wine. "We like California
porary" art, which incidentally was produced an aver-
wine," said Mr. Khrushchev, "but not California ideas." Then
age of approximately a quarter century ago. It was
he proposed his famous toast to "No American bases on for-
eign soil," in which Mr. Nixon promptly refused to join.
most unfortunate and made a poor impression on the
Russians who saw it. In a sophisticated international
La segunda de las dos controversias públicas entre Nixon y Khrush-
art show some of these works might have been suitable.
chev fué la "Batalla de los Brindis" que se produjo después del
"Debate de la Cocina." Comenzó en forma inofensiva, como se ve
In Moscow they were disliked, and in addition the sub-
en esta fotografía. Nixon invitó a Khrushchev a probar un vino
ject matter frequently put the emphasis on the seamiest
de California. "Nos gusta el vino californiano," dijo el Primer
sides of American life. It was bad propaganda for our
Ministro soviético, "pero no las ideas californianas." Y luego hizo
great country It should be pointed out, however, that
su famoso brindis a la eliminación de las bases de los EE.UU en
suelo extranjero, el mismo que Nixon rehusó inmediátamente.
the selection of art was not under the jurisdiction of Mr.
McClellan and his associates.
IMPRESSIONS OF A VISITOR
speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television
address to the Russian people on the eve of his depar-
The many recent books on Russian life of today pre-
ture for Warsaw
pare one fairly well for what he will experience there.
There is no doubt that Mr. Khrushchev's government is
THE AMERICAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION
driving hard to raise the standard of living of the popu-
lation, and all who knew Russia in earlier years have
Former Assistant Secretary of Commerce Harold C.
noted that the food and clothing available to the people
(Chad) McClellan was the General Manager of the
have improved in quality and quantity Nevertheless,
American National Exhibition. To him and the dedi-
the level of life of the average resident of Moscow and
cated men and women of his staff the people of the Free
Leningrad is low, indeed.
World owe a great debt.
Most of the much-talked-of housing is still in the con-
This was the first window ever opened in Russia
struction stage. I was able to visit one of the better
whereby the people of that country could get an idea
older apartment houses of Moscow, inhabited by offi-
of how life is lived in the United States. It was a tre-
cials of high rank, and was amazed at its disrepair and
mendous, back-breaking job of work, performed under
poor state of cleanliness. For one thing, large numbers
the most incredibly trying circumstances. What Mr.
of people are crowded into each building, and kitchen-
McClellan and his aides accomplished was nothing
sharing and bathroom-sharing by two or three families
short of heroic, and there is no doubt that their efforts
are still the rule. Two or more people sleep in prac-
were successful.
tically all the living rooms.
If there was any single "exhibit" at the exhibition
The clothing, shoes, handbags, toilet articles and
that showed America off to its best advantage, it was
other items I priced in the GUM department store and
the fine young American men and women who served
elsewhere were of poor quality and outrageously high-
as bilingual guides, lecturers, models in the fashion show
priced in terms of the earning power of the Russians.
and technical operators. These students and teachers,
Only low rents, low taxes and the fact that in general all
from every part of the United States, really charmed the
members of a family over 14 years of age are employed
Russians, who are not used to pleasant treatment by
make it possible for the average person to enjoy any
anyone in a position of authority They kept their good
purchasing power The major Russian production effort
nature and sense of humor under a barrage of hostile,
is obviously not going into consumer goods.
incredulous and in many cases insulting heckling from
Just as have other visitors, I found the Russians a
their audiences.
not particularly happy people, but reservedly friendly,
The exhibition has been discussed and commented
upon in the public press in great detail, so I need not
comment upon it further except to say that in my judg-
ment it was a far better showing of American life than
was the Soviet Exhibition of Technology and Culture at
the Coliseum in New York City a picture of Russian
life. The one weak spot was the selection of "contem-
The model house at the exhibition drew an enthusiastic and
admiring audience despite official Soviet skepticism that it
was within the budget of the average U. S. worker. Rus-
sian living conditions are still so far behind ours that
many of the visitors found it difficult to believe their eyes.
La casa modelo en la exhibición atrajo una entusiasmada y
admirativa concurrencia apesar del escepticismo oficial sovié-
tico de que estuviera dentro del presupuesto del trabajor or-
dinario estadounidense. Las condiciones de vida rusas están
muy por debajo de las nuestras y a muchos de los visitantes les
fué muy difícil creer lo que veían.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
and both curious and somewhat suspicious regarding
whom I traveled to Leningrad, a construction engineer
Americans. They give the appearance of good health,
who wore the "Order of Lenin," hotel managers and
vigor and physical fitness and are ambitious to better
employees, taxi drivers and, of course, the Intourist
their lot in life. Their attitude toward Americans will
guides and interpreters. Several of them attacked me
most certainly improve as the tide of American tourists
for the conviction and execution of the Rosenberg
visiting Russia increases. These friendly, informal
spies-and even for the imprisonment of Tom Mooney
Americans are already doing a fine job of building good
some 40 years ago! But when I asked them what would
will.
have happened under Russian justice to Alger Hiss and
One appalling thing I learned from my visit to Russia
Klaus Fuchs, not one of them had ever heard the names
was the deadly effectiveness of the Soviet iron curtain
of the two men.
on ideas and facts from the outside world.
The engineer, who boasted that he knew as much
With the aid of a Russian phrase book and a few
about road construction as any American, insisted that
memorized sentences I talked with many Russians, in-
all American business corporations belonged to one of
cluding school teachers, two university professors with
three monopolies Ford, Morgan and du Pont. He re-
fused to believe me when I told him that W R. Grace
& Co. was not controlled by any of those "three monop-
olies," but was owned by 30,000 stockholders.
I recalled to several of them the incident at the United
Nations Security Council when Mr Gromyko objected
to an adjournment for Good Friday on the ground that
he had never heard of it. Not one of these people, some
of them well educated, had ever heard of Good Friday
either!
These are good people, able, intelligent, eager to
know more, but their press tells them very little, and
foreign broadcasts are jammed. Mr Nixon made a
telling point when he challenged Mr Khrushchev to
publish in Russia reports from America comparable to
СЫРЬЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЕМОЕ HA этов
the reports from Russia printed in our newspapers.
МАШИНК НАЗЫНАЕТСЯ
ΓPEKC
полнэтилен
THE SOVIETS AND LATIN AMERICA
ПРОДУКТ химичсков КОМПАНИИ
ГРЭЙС
I found a powerful Soviet drive toward cultural and
social infiltration in Latin America.
Upon my arrival at Moscow Airport I could hardly
believe my eyes when I encountered a man wearing a
Bolivian ceremonial devil-mask! When I spoke to him
in Spanish, I found he was a member of a troupe of 32
AUTOROLATIS
Bolivian folklore dancers who were en route to Peking
as the guests of the Communist Chinese Government.
GREX
NAGRACE
W R. Grace & Co. was represented at the
exhibition in two ways. It was one of the
sponsors of the plastic pavilion and it pro-
vided samples of GREX polyethylene, which
were eagerly grabbed up by the crowds.
La W R. GRACE & Co. estuvo doblemente respre-
sentada en la exhibición. Fué uno de los auspi-
ciadores de la pabellón de química de plástico,
y suministró polietileno GREX que la multitud
arrebato con avidéz.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
известия COBETOB депутатов трудящихся CCCP
The Soviets conducted a systematic press and radio
coverage to discredit the American Exhibition. The
author was able to make effective use of this rather
crude example of anti-American propaganda that
appeared in the newspaper Izvestia on July 29th. The
photograph is of a substandard tenement house in
New York City which the caption states is typical of
13,000,000 such buildings in the United States. The
average Russian he queried estimated that 300 people
lived in this tenement. Then they were quite frustrated
when simple arithmetic established that if the caption
were true this would mean that 3,900,000,000 people
live in such dwellings in the United States, or 50 per
cent more than the population of the earth! One Rus-
sian excitedly insisted that if Izvestia said so it was true.
Another bitterly remarked, "Our leaders should not
deceive us so."
I lost no time in locating the rest of his companions and
had a most interesting talk with them. They were not
Communists, but were on a seven-week tour of Russia,
China and Czechoslovakia. When I asked how they
came to be invited, the leader replied that they had been
invited by a team of Red Chinese acrobats whom they
had met in Bolivia.
K 109 стрит и
The next morning, in my hotel in Moscow, I heard
Spanish being spoken by a group at a neighboring table.
THE TOTAL мым THE
I made their acquaintance, and they turned out to be
visiting Chilean mine workers-in this case the guests
of the Soviet Government.
Intrigued by all of this emphasis on Latin America,
I spent considerable time in Moscow looking into the
subject of Soviet hospitality to Latin American groups.
Imagine the effect on them when they are entertained
I discovered that the story of the Bolivian dancers hav-
royally in the best hotels. Frequently they are presented
ing been invited by Chinese acrobats was perfectly true.
to Mr. Khrushchev in Russia and to Mao Tse-tung in
The leader of the troupe of traveling acrobats was a
Red China.
high official of Red China's ministry of culture, espe-
All of us interested in Latin America can see the sig-
cially assigned to the selection of Latin American cul-
nificance of this powerful Communist offensive. The
tural groups to visit Communist countries.
United States and the Free World must redouble their
I found, in the words of an expert on the subject who
efforts to offset it. You may be sure that, having been
resides in Russia, that "not a day goes by that a Latin
given the privilege of looking this danger in the face at
American delegation is not in Moscow, invited by
close range, I have returned with a sense of re-dedica-
Russia, Red China or one of the satellite countries."
tion to the task of fighting this menace to our civilization.
Incidentally, no Russian ever uses the word "satellites."
They are referred to as "the People's Republics."
CONCLUSION
I learned that, even though Russia has only three
This visit was a memorable experience of my life. I
embassies in Latin America, the selection of the dele-
was able to have a glimpse into the mysterious society
gates to be invited is done with consummate skill, which
and controlled mentality of the Soviet Union. I came
speaks well for the effectiveness of the Soviet intelligence
away from Russia convinced that if these intelligent,
network in Latin America.
industrious people could only be given the opportunity
The groups are students, teachers, dancers and singers
to know the blessings of liberty, of freedom of religion,
of the "folklore" type, lawyers, doctors, journalists and
of equality of opportunity as we know it in the Americas,
public officials. They are routed from Latin America to
they could be a tremendous, vital force for good. I only
Russia, China and the satellites without going through
hope that this moment in history may somehow provide
the United States. More often than not they are from
that opportunity It is the task of all of us to see that it
rural areas and villages, rather than from the great cities.
does.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
SAN FRANCISCO
CHICAGO
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LOS ANGELES
WASHINGTON
NEW
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HOUSTON
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No change of plane
RIO DE
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Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
The Grace Log, W. R. Grace & Co.
Bulk Rate
3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N. Y
U. S. POSTAGE
PAID
New York, N. Y
Permit No. 2484
Serving
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Since 1954 Grace Chemical Divi-
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TAMPA - 2808 S. MacDill Ave., 82-3531
NEW YORK - 7 Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
March 25, 1960
Moore, John D. J.
Dear John:
As you will have noted from my letter of March
11, Henry Kearns brought in a copy of the Grace Log
before I received your thoughtful letter of March 1.
However, I want to thank you again for the generous
comments in the report you wrote on your trip to
Russia. Since you have been "with us" on a couple
of these trips now we will have to start checking your
schedule before any future ones are planned. You are
one of the better reporters!
I will keep in mind your suggestion that on one of
my future trips to New York City I plan to appear at the
Yale Club. However, at the present time the schedule
for the next few months does not give much encourage-
ment for my being able to add further engagements.
Needless to say, if I am able to work this out I will be
in touch with you as far in advance as possible.
With kindest personal regards,
x-pending, NEW YORK (Yale Club of Nyc)
folder
Sincerely,
D
Richard Nixon
Mr. John D.J. Moore
Vice President
W.R. Grace and Company
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
rmw:rd
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W R. GRACE & Co.
7 HANOVER square, NEW YORK 5,N.Y.
JOHN D.J. MOORE
VICE PRESIDENT
March 1, 1960
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
It has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of
the report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation
of our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am
taking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published
in October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on
the subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some
60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest
of sincerity:
"It seems to me that the most important fact
I observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in
what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia
of a top-level official of the United States. His long
and intensive training in dealing with the peoples and
officials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation
he had made for his mission and his strength of mind
and character all combined to make his visit tremen-
dously successful.
This is not only my observation. There is no
more severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned
American newspaper correspondents. They are trained
to judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all
of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon
visit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet,
as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit
they were unanimous in their agreement that he had
represented his country to perfection -- from his opening
speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television
address to the Russian people on the eve of his departure
for Warsaw!'
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
My brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells
me he had a very fine visit with Mr Finch and Mr. Klein and with
Rosemary Woods As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director
of the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in
every way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too,
and so am I.
With best wishes to you and your family,
Sincerely,
green
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
March 1, 1960
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
It has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of
the report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation
of our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am
taking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published
in October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on
the subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some
60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest
of sincerity:
"It seems to me that the most important fact
I observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in
what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia
of a top-level official of the United States. His long
and intensive training in dealing with the peoples and
officials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation
he had made for his mission and his strength of mind
'and character all combined to make his visit tremen-
dously successful.
This is not only my observation. There is no
more severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned
American newspaper correspondents. They are trained
to judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all
of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon
visit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet,
as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit
they were unanimous in their agreement that he had
represented his country to perfection -- from his opening
speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television
address to the Russian people on the eve of his departure
for Warsaw".
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
My brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells
me he had a very fine visit with Mr. Finch and Mr. Klein and with
Rosemary Woods. As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director
of the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in
every way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too,
and so am I.
With best wishes to you and your family,
Sincerely,
s/ John Moore /m
(JDJM:MM)
Ene
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
1/4/60
RN
John Moore, Executive Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., called
today. He said that "they are baxixxxxx hanging crepe all over Peru because
the President is going to Chile instead of Peru. 11 Mr. Moore wondered
whether you could put in a good work anywhere to get the President to
consider Peru.
He said Peru is the only one of these countries that is doing a job in
pxxxxx private enterprise.
He couldn't imagine why it would be recommended that the President
not go there instead of Chile,
rmw
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
August 11, 1959
Dear John:
Moore, John D.J. D. J.
This is just a note to tell you how very much I
appreciated the cable you sent me in Warsaw con-
cerning our visit to the Soviet Union.
As you so well know, it was difficult to try
to find the right tone for the speeches and, for this
reason, I am particularly grateful for your generous
comments. I wish also you could have been with us
to see the tremendously moving welcome we received
on our ride from the airport to downtown Warsaw. It
was especially significant because, as you may have
noted in the press, neither the arrival time nor the
route we would take were published.
With kindest personal regards,
Sincerely,
DM
Richard Nixon
x-Moscow trip (congratulations)
folder
Mr. John D. J. Moore
Vice President
W.R. Grace Company
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
rmw'rd
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
R-PARIS
Radiogram
Reklamacje można zgłaszać
Ргирјсю:
telegraficznie pod Nr 86-167
daia 38
D
Γ.
Honoroble Richard
Uwagi służbowe:
gods. 17 25
Nixon
7
podpie
Grand Hotel knurs28
57
paris 96 3 1405 =
honorable richard m nixon warsaw =
as an american ciizen who was privileged to witness your
historic visit to soviet russia 1 W sh tothank and congratulate
you for the speeches you made and the splendid manner in which
you repersented our country before the soviet officials and
the russian people
you were clear firm honest and friendly and 1 feel sure the
truths you told them and the american attitudes you expressed
so well are bound to acompl sh much good as always 1 am proud
to know you and mrs nixon regards =
johnn d j moore
ct honor abte richard m nixon john d 1 moore
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
X
July 22, 1959
Dear John:
Moore, John D. J. - folder
X - invitation date file
This is just a note to thank you for your letter of
July 14 extending an invitation to me to attend the next quarterly
meeting of the United States Inter-American Council. It would
be most enjoyable, I know, for me to have an opportunity to be
with you on board the new SS ARGENTINA on September 17,
and I greatly appreciate your thoughtfulness in inviting me.
U. S. Inter-American Council quarterly meeting
Unfortunately, because of the addition to my schedule
of the official trip I am making to Russia, it has become necessary
for me to rearrange my engagements in order to honor all those
I had previously made during that period. As a result, my schedule
Invitation - New York - NEW YORK September 17, 1959 - TD
for September is now so heavily committed that I have no choice
but to decide, regretfully, that I shall not have the pleasure of
being with you on September 17.
With appreciation for your cordial invitation, and
kindest personal regards,
Sincerely,
Richard Nixon
Mr. John D. J. Moore
Vice President
W. R. Grace & Co.
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
amk
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
COPY
November 1, 1958
Dear Mr. Moore:
Since the Vice President is away from Wash-
ington at the present time I wish to acknowledge your
letter of October 28 and your thoughtfulness in enclosing
a copy of the speech made recently by Mr. Pedro Beltran.
Moore, John D.J.
You may be sure that the Vice President will
appreciate very much your taking the time and trouble
to bring this important address to his attention as well
as your most generous comments regarding his cam-
paign activities. I will forward your letter and the
speech to him just as soon as possible but in the mean-
Beltran, Pedro
folder
time I thought you would like tohear that they had arrived.
I know that the Vice President would want me
to extend to you his very best wishes.
Sincerely,
R. E. Cushman, Jr.
Executive Assistant
generous comments 1958 campaign
to the Vice President
Mr. John D. J. Moore
Vice President
W.R. Grace and Company
REC:ak 11/1/58
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W. R. GRACE & Co.
7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5,N.Y.
JOHN D.J MOORE
VICE PRESIDENT
October 28, 1958
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
It was an unexpected pleasure to see you for a moment
after your TV press conference at the Sheraton Belvedere last week.
You looked fine and I hope you are keeping up your strength during
this remarkably effective stretch of campaigning you are doing.
I talked on the telephone last night with Peter Grace, who was in
Chile, and told him that I honestly believe that your New York
appearance has provided the necessary 51% margin for Rockefeller.
So far I think Hogan may still have a slight edge for the Senate,
but it is narrowing.
It was good of you to mention seeing my brother Dick in
Los Angeles. As I told you, he was thrilled with your visit to
his studio and telephoned me that night to tell me all about it.
He is doing a great job for Norman Chandler on KTTV, and I am
very proud of him. As you may know, Norman recently made him a
director of the Times - Mirror Co. and I think he is going places
in California. I would like to bring him in to see you some day
when he is in Washington.
I don't know whether you had a chance to see the remark-
able speech that our mutual friend, Pedro Beltran of Peru, delivered
at the Economic Club of New York last week, and I thought I would
send you a copy together with an editorial which it provoked in the
Herald Tribune. Pedro was invited at Peter Grace's suggestion in
order to get the Economic Club more interested in Latin America
and the speech went over with a great big bang. When the campaign
is over, I hope that you will have time for a visit with us to
talk about more ideas in the Latin American area.
With best regards,
John Sincerely yours,
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
taxi
JUL 28 1958
file
W R. GRACE & CO.
7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.
JOHN D.J. MOORE
July 24, 1958
VICE PRESIDENT
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
I wish to tell you how deeply the members of
the Committee on Latin America of the Business Advisory Council
appreciate the meeting we held with you on July 22.
card
After the meeting we all got together and reviewed
the evening, and agreed that it was the high spot in the ten years
of the Committee's life. The depth of your understanding of the
Latin American situation - -- economic, social and political, and
your readiness to discuss candidly the essentials of the issues
involved made a tremendous impression on every man present.
We will follow up closely on the points which were
discussed, and meanwhile we renew our pledge to you that we remain
at your service in this area of the national interest. I speak for
all the Committee when I say that you have our wholehearted thanks
and admiration.
With great respect,
Sincerely yours,
John
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
January 22, 1958
John
Dear Mr. Moore:
Phonged
This is just a note to thank you for your thoughtful
letter of January 15 enclosing a copy of the November/
December issue of The Grace Log.
We cleared the decks in the Nixon household for
the January 9 special event at Newport News by having
a birthday observance in advance. Although I don't
relish advancing my years by even one day, I was both
proud and happy that my family could have a part in
the christening ceremonies for one of the magnificent
Grace Liners. Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie had a
thoroughly enjoyable time and one which they will always
Moore, John D. J. in re Santa Paula launching on 1/9
remember with special pleasure.
I was particularly glad to note that you had printed
excerpts from the proceedings of the International Develop-
ment Conference in Spanish. Knowing the esteem in which
the W.R. Grace Company is held throughout South America
I feel certain that the excerpts will be read and discussed
with wide interest.
It was a pleasure seeing you recently and all of us
hope that one day we may have a voyage on the Santa Paula
or another of your splendid ships.
With every good wish,
Sincerely,
EN/AW/rd 1/22/58
Richard Nixon
Mr. John Moore, Vice President
W. R. Grace and Company
M
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W R. GRACE & Co.
SWN 20 1958
7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.
January 15, 1958
JOHN D.J. MOORE
VICE PRESIDENT
Hon. Richard M. Nixon
The Vice President of the United States
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
I enjoyed very much seeing you at Union Station last
week when you came to see Mrs. Nixon and your daughters off on the
Santa Paula Launching Special.
As you probably know, we did not realize that
January 9 was such a key date in the Nixon household, and we are deeply
grateful that you permitted your family to come to Newport News.
Needless to say, Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie were the big attractions
at our launching.
The launching went very well. It was a perfect oc-
casion. We hope that you and your family will travel on "Mrs. Nixon's Ship."
I also appreciate your note acknowledging our memo-
randum to you about taxation on foreign earnings. I therefore have thought
you would like to see your address at the recent International Industrial
Development Conference in San Francisco as reported in English and
and Spanish on pages 7 to 10 of The Grace Log.
May I again express my pleasure in seeing you again
recently, and my thanks for your family's participation in the Santa Paula
launching.
Sincerely,
Joun woore
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
november/december/1957
The
GRACE LOG
SAN FRANCISCO - Site of the International
Industrial Development Conference
PAGE 4
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
See for yourself the
Big Difference
in Urea Feed Compounds
PRODUCT A
PRODUCT B
Grace Micro-Prilled Urea
Feed Compound The
smooth, round balls are
free-flowing, non-caking.
ALL 3 PHOTOS
ARE 12 TIMES
ACTUAL SIZE.
Only Grace Urea Feed Compound is
Micro-Prilled®
Smooth Round Free-Flowing
Write for
complete
Micro-Prilling, an exclusive Grace process, pro-
details.
duces a feed compound in the form of tiny balls
that are truly free-flowing. Each ball is clay-coated
to prevent caking.
Blends easily in any standard mixing equipment.
Assures an even, uniform mix throughout.
Grace
Chemical Company
A Division of W.R. Grace & Co.
MEMPHIS-Edway Bldg., JAckson 7-1551
CHICAGO-75 E. Wacker, FRanklin 2-6424
TAMPA-2901 Alline, 63-4121
NEW YORK Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
The
GRACE LOG
ON THE COVER - San Francisco is cable cars, Nob Hill, Fisherman's Wharf and
other famous old and new landmarks. But perhaps the San Francisco-Oakland
Bay Bridge, pictured here, best exemplifies the sweep and progress of the City of
the Golden Gate, which was the host city to the recent International Industrial
Development Conference.
November-December 1957
Volume 32 Number 6
GRACE
The GRACE LOG
&CO
4 The International Industrial Development Conference in San Francisco drew top-notch
business people from all over the Free World. Vice President John D. J Moore
of W R. Grace & Co. has written of the high spots.
In
7 Government Aid Is Not the Whole Answer, declared Vice President Richard M. Nixon
This
of the United States at the I.I.D.C. banquet, and then he explained what other
financial sources might do to help underdeveloped countries.
Issue
9 La ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo, declaró el Vicepresidente de los Estados
Unidos, Richard M Nixon, durante el banquete de la C.F.I.I., y luego explicó
qué pueden hacer otras fuentes financieras para ayudar a los países subde-
sarrollados.
11 Proposed Lead-Zinc Curbs Would Injure Hemisphere Economy, said James H. Stebbins, Ex-
ecutive Vice President of W R. Grace & Co., in a statement to the United States
Tariff Commission.
13 Vinyl Was the Password When Paint Moved Indoors tells how research at Dewey and
Almy licked odor and other paint problems. By Roger Kaufman.
14 Chile in All Its Splendor shows historic and other tourist attractions in this color-
ful and significant Latin American nation.
16 Grace Line Brings Electronic Wizardry to the Steamship Industry-in which are explained
some intriguing operations of a new data processing system. By Dorothy Hinz.
18 The World's Best Fishing Cabo Blanco is an account of the big ones that are
taken at this new deep-sea and surf-casting fishing resort in Peru. It is also a
prime spot for recreation and rest.
20 El Instituto Smithsoniano un tesoro de historia y de la vida diaria. Informe sobre
las inmensas colecciones de sus museos, galerías y otras ramas de este
institución norteamericano "para el aumento y dijusión del conocimiento."
Por John W White.
23 On Wings of Panagra
News and Views 26-27
24-25 Seen on the Santas
News of Grace
28
FRED W WACKERNAGEL JR., Editor
DOROTHY HINZ, Associate Editor
GRAPHIC CREDITS: Cover, 3, La Hacienda from Seagram and the
Michaelson; 27 (top right)
Foto Digar, Medellin, Colombia; 27
San Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 4, 5 (right), 8 (left), 9,
(bottom, both), 28, Wide World.
Walter Daran; 5 (left) 7 (left), 8 (right) Robert Lackenbach,
TIME; 6, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 7 (right), N. R.
U. S. COPYRIGHT, 1957, by W R. Grace & Co. Any material
Farbman, LIFE; 10, Jon Brenneis; 11, Cerro de Pasco Corporation;
in the magazine may be reprinted, unless otherwise noted, if
12, H. R. Ramus, Lima, Peru; 13 (top), G. M. Cushing, Boston;
credited to THE GRACE LOG. Please address correspondence to
14 (top left, bottom left), 15 (bottom right), Grace Line; 14 (left
the Public Relations Department, W. R. Grace & Co., 3 Hanover
center), Pan American Union; 14 (bottom right) Carroll Van Ark;
Square, New York 4, N. Y.
15 (top left), United Press-Acme Photos; 15 (top right, bottom
left), Panagra; 16, 17, News Events; 18 (top) C. J. Tippett, Lima,
THE GRACE LOG is published by W. R. Grace & Co., 7 Hanover
Peru; 20, 21, 22 (top, bottom right), The Smithsonian Institution;
Square, New York 5, N. Y. W. R. Grace & Co. is a chemical
22 (bottom left) National Gallery of Art; 23 (center top), Kal
manufacturing and international industrial concern with transporta-
Weyner; 23, (center bottom, bottom right), Frank Rodgers for Pa-
tion interests. J. Peter Grace, President; Franklin Moon, Secretary;
nagra; 25 (top right), Harris & Ewing; 26 (bottom right), A. G.
K. A. Lawder, Treasurer.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
I.I.D.C.
The
International Industrial
By JOHN D. J. MOORE
IN AN ATMOSPHERE charged with excitement, enthusiasm
The challenge facing the delegates was succinctly stated
and dedication to high ideals, bankers, government offi-
by M. R. Masani, an independent member of the Indian
cials and industrialists from 62 nations gathered in San
Parliament. He said:
Francisco in October at a meeting that may well become
"The drive for economic development is on in the
a landmark in the world's economic history Over 500
under-industrialized regions. The question is not whether
outstanding men invited by Time-Life International and
this transformation will occur, but at what rate and
the Stanford Research Institute to the first International
whether or not these peoples will do the job in association
Industrial Development Conference devoted a week of
with the rest of the Free World. There are, of course, risks
their busy lives to a major challenge.
involved either way, but when ethical considerations,
That challenge was nothing less than the development
those of international security and of unrivaled self-
of a free enterprise plan of action to meet what one
interest, point in the same direction, the risks of action
speaker called today's "revolution of rising expectations"
are surely worth taking."
Thus twice in a little more than a decade the magni-
Dr. A. Eugene Staley, Senior International Economist
ficent city of San Francisco has been the scene of pioneer-
of the Stanford Research Institute, pointed out that the
ing in international coöperation. A dozen years ago the
"revolution of rising expectations" now sweeping the
statesmen of the world met there to form the United
under-industrialized areas of the world is one of the most
Nations.
profoundly important economic and political facts of
In the years that have elapsed since the Charter of the
our time.
United Nations was adopted, the political tensions of the
world have not diminished. But during these same years
it has become abundantly evident that economic coöpera-
tion and industrial development are not only feasible but
are essential to world peace.
The men who met at San Francisco this autumn dedi-
cated themselves to the task of applying all of the brains
and skill of the world of business to the job of bringing
a higher standard of living and the better things of life
to the underdeveloped nations of the world through the
machinery of enlightened private enterprise.
In the ballrooms and corridors of the Fairmont Hotel,
in the board rooms of San Francisco corporations and
banks and at the "Top of the Mark" in the Mark Hopkins
Hotel, delegates from Afghanistan to Venezuela heard
frank and often blunt talk on either side of the problem.
The delegates themselves formed an exclusive Who's
Who of international finance and business. The Con-
ference was the largest and most impressive gathering of
From left, Dr. Weldon B. Gibson, Associate
Director of Stanford Research Institute, and
leading international businessmen ever held to study the
Edgar R. Baker, Managing Director of Time-
problem of industrialization.
Life International, I.I.D.C. Co-Directors, pose
with Henry R. Luce, Editor-in-Chief of Time
Inc., who was the Conference Chairman.
De izquierda a derecha: Dr. Weldon B. Gibson,
Director Adjunto del Instituto de Investiga-
MR. MOORE attended the International Industrial
ciones de la Universidad de Stanford, y Edgar
R. Baker, Gerente de Time-Life International,
Development Conference at San Francisco as a dele-
gate of W. R. Grace & Co., of which he is a Vice
Codirectores de la C.F.I.I., posan con Henry
President. He is Vice Chairman of the Board of
R. Luce, Editor Jefe, Time Inc., quien
Trustees of the U.S. Inter-American Council and the
actuo como Presidente de la Conferencia.
Chairman of the Latin American Committee of the
Business Advisory Council of the Departments of Com-
merce and State. He has also represented the U.S.
Mrs. Robert G. North, U.S.-born
and American business interests at various interna-
businesswoman, who was one of
tional conferences in Latin America, including the
four delegates from Thailand.
Inter-American Economic Conference in Rio de
Janeiro in 1954.
Señora de Robert G. North, nacida
4
en los EE.UU., que fué uno de
los cuatros delegados de Tailandia.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Development Conference
IN SAN FRANCISCO
Two-thirds of the world's population, he observed, lives
another year, 650 should be in operation; by the year
in the underdeveloped countries. Dr Staley declared:
1975, the target is 2,500 new plants.
"The danger in the 'revolution of rising expectations' is
Today, he also said, 85 percent of the investment in
that growth in productive power will lag so far behind
Puerto Rico is private, and the total is far greater than
growth in expectations that there will be serious dis-
the Government could possibly have afforded. Local busi-
appointments and frustrations and possibly political dis-
nessmen are now entering the manufacturing field; they
turbances."
own and operate about 100 of the new factories, mostly
How can Free World capitalism cope with this stagger-
the smaller ones, but a few of very substantial size.
ing problem? A variety of answers ensued.
From the side of the industrialized nations came sug-
Reflecting generally the views of the underdeveloped
gestions of an entirely different nature. Dr David McCord
nations, Miguel Cuaderno, Sr., Governor of the Central
Wright of McGill University, in Montreal, Canada, pointed
Bank of the Philippines, suggested that an excellent way
out that machinery and tools are the great resources of
to "eliminate the fears, suspicions or misgivings of native
the industrialized nations, while labor is the great resource
entrepreneurs about foreign investors" might be to expand
of the underdeveloped countries and capital their des-
the use of joint local and foreign capital ventures. He
perate bottleneck. "World output and the prosperity of
said citizens of these countries want to become indus-
individual countries," he cautioned, "can often be more
trialists, businessmen and financiers in their own lands.
quickly and efficiently raised through exports and ex-
"They realize," he continued, "that if they are to have
change than through trying to make every country, imme-
this opportunity, now is the time for them to engage in
diately, a little Pittsburgh."
the establishment and operation of industries, financial
Henry B. Sargent, President of American & Foreign
institutions, large-scale modern farming and other forms
Power Company, Inc., warned that if free enterprise is to
of business-not after such economic activities shall have
win its way against the cult of state socialism, it must
fallen into the hands of foreign elements."
produce competent managers capable of "thinking, plan-
From Puerto Rico came another proposal, and with an
ning and acting with boldness, courage and skill-man-
impressive success story backing it up. Teodoro Moscoso,
agers who can make the best of domestic resources and
head of the island's Economic Development Administra-
all that foreign investment has to offer, who are capable
tion, related how "Operation Bootstrap" was devised to
of helping to dissipate the misdirected nationalism, sus-
provide Government funds as a "catalyst" and how a ten-
picion and misunderstanding that are such great obstacles
year exemption on taxes on corporate income and prop-
to economic progress, international coöperation and world
erty was used as an incentive.
peace."
Today, he pointed out, new factories are opening at the
Mr Sargent, whose own company has been a leader in
rate of ten per month, and on November 6th of this year
the development of Latin American management talent,
new plant No. 500 was to start operations. By the end of
praised the similar accomplishments of General Electric,
Louis R. González, Pres-
ident of González Chem-
ical Industries, Hato
Rey, Puerto Rico; Teo-
doro Moscoso, Admin-
istrator of the Economic
Development Adminis-
tration, San Juan, P. R.
Luis R. González, Presi-
dente de las Industrias
Químicas González, Hato
Rey, Puerto Rico; Teo-
doro Moscoso, Director
de la Administración de
Fomento Económico, de
San Juan, Puerto Rico.
5
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
San Francisco's famed
Market Street (center), in
the business and financial
district; (in foreground)
part of the Embarcadero.
La famosa calle "Market
Street" de San Francisco
(centro), en la zona comer-
cial y de negocios; (en pri-
mer plano) el Embarcadero.
Sears Roebuck, W R. Grace & Co. and Creole Petroleum.
Conference would be complete without expressing tribute
He cited W R. Grace & Co.'s "organizational know-how
to the traditionally magnificent hospitality of the cos-
and managerial talent [that] have contributed indirectly
mopolitan city of San Francisco, its business firms and
to other industries in Peru as well as directly to the
its people. The women of San Francisco organized delight-
development of Grace's extensive activity"
ful trips and entertainment for the wives of the delegates;
Hermann J Abs, Director of the Deutsche Bank of
the City of San Francisco played host at a brilliant recep-
Frankfurt, West Germany, made one of the most signi-
tion in the Palace of the Legion of Honor Time-Life
ficant proposals of the Conference. He suggested the advis-
International and the Stanford Research Institute invited
ability of the capital-exporting countries coördinating
the delegates to the San Francisco opera and to a recep-
their policies of financial assistance to other nations and
tion in the beautiful City Hall at which Life's illumina-
of government assistance for long-term export credits.
tions of 50 great paintings were displayed. The planning
Herr Abs proposed a Magna Charta that would set down
and execution of the entire program were a great tribute
principles for fair and equitable treatment of foreign
to its sponsors.
capital and creation of a special international Court of
Fully as valuable as the plenary sessions of the Con-
Arbitration that would determine any violations of these
ference were the individual round-table meetings at which
principles and hand down measures to correct them.
small groups met in the board rooms of San Francisco's
From the vantage point of the Presidency of the Inter-
leading business concerns and discussed the problems of
national Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
international industrial development man to man and
Eugene R. Black strongly urged governments and private
face to face with encouraging results.
businessmen alike to do more to meet the compelling
Indicative of the enthusiasm that the Conference gener-
demands of the peoples of the free world for higher living
ated was the applause for the address of Berthold Beitz,
standards. Since the end of the war, he declared, the
the dynamic Chairman of the Executive Board of Firma
world has in fact been running so fast economically that
Friedrich Krupp, Essen. He stressed the value of enabling
it is now "getting short of breath."
"leading businessmen from all over the world [to have]
It remained for the Vice President of the United States,
the opportunity to discover each other a little better as
Richard M. Nixon, to give concrete demonstration to the
human beings" Herr Beitz brought the delegates cheering
Conference that our Government strongly supports the aim
to their feet when he proposed a future meeting to be held
of developing the economies of the underdeveloped
actually as a challenge to the totalitarian philosophies
nations. In one of the truly great addresses of the Con-
and practices that lie behind the Iron Curtain. "Let us
ference, he described private initiative and capital as the
hold it in Berlin itself-an island of free enterprise,"
"motors of economic progress." The Vice President
he declared.
aroused tremendous enthusiasm on the part of both the
There seems no doubt that the men who met at San
foreign delegates and the United States businessmen
Francisco will want to meet again in a group, and there
present, when he swept the meeting with a nine-point
is also no doubt that out of their deliberations and the
policy program under which the Eisenhower Administra-
contacts established with one another will come signi-
tion would give substantial assistance toward promoting
ficant advances in the role of private enterprise and
private investments overseas. (His speech is excerpted on
world development.
pages 7 and 8 in English and on 9 and 10 in Spanish.)
The seeds that Time-Life International planted with its
Other important addresses were directed at focusing
Inter-American Investment Conference at New Orleans
world attention on the issues involved in industrial invest-
early in 1955 (in co-sponsorship with International
ments. In SO doing, the Conference achieved its objective
House and the City of New Orleans) and again with the
of delineating the areas of agreement and disagreement.
great San Francisco Conference in conjunction with the
No account of the International Industrial Development
Stanford Research Institute seem bound to bear rich fruit.
6
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Government Aid Is Not the Whole Answer
Vice President Nixon, at the International Industrial Development Conference
at San Francisco, stated that private enterprise is the most productive
source of economic progress. Herewith are highlights from his address.
I
AM HONORED to bring greetings from the President of
hydroelectric plant have come to seem much more than
the United States to the representatives of 62 nations
economic needs. They have become symbols of the pride
attending this historic conference.
and hopes of whole nations.
We could make no greater mistake than to brush off
The Communist World is willing to promise that it
[the Soviet satellite] as a scientific stunt of more signifi-
will help fulfill these hopes. It will do this in spite of its
cance to the man in the moon than to men on earth.
own desperately low standard of living.
Mr Khrushchev himself has declared that the Com-
We know, of course, that such aid will be short-lived
munists would prefer to gain their objective of world
and deceptive. But if it succeeds in extending Communist
domination through methods other than military conflict.
rule throughout Africa and Asia, the Kremlin will have
This does not mean that we should ignore the tremendous
assured its victory in the battle for the world. It will
military threat posed by Russian power It does mean
then control their immense wealth in oil, uranium, copper
that we must be prepared for an all-out Communist eco-
and many other materials essential for the economic life
nomic offensive to win the allegiance of hundreds of
of the Free World. The Western World will be forced to
millions of people in the uncommitted world, as well as
surrender without the firing of a shot.
even some of those in the Free World.
I am confident that we can meet and defeat this chal-
As far as the average citizen is concerned, the record
lenge provided we base our policies on the fundamental
fortunately is on our side and not theirs. The contrast
principle which is the generating force behind this Con-
between the record prosperity of Western Germany and
ference - the recognition that the most productive source
the dismal poverty of Eastern Germany most eloquently
of economic progress is private rather than government
demonstrates the superiority of a free society over the
enterprise.
Communist system.
I say this fully recognizing that there has been and is
We believe that free men in the long run will out-
an important place for government action. Ever since the
plan and out-produce a slave economy But we cannot
war, the U.S. government has conducted the most enor-
ignore the fact that a dictator state can in the short
mous peace-time banking operation in the history of
run achieve spectacular results by concentrating its full
government finance. The total of our grants and loans
power in any given direction.
abroad in that period is nearly 60 billion dollars.
This is particularly true in view of the fact that the
But government capital is in a sense crisis capital.
Communists are concentrating their efforts on the newly-
However, we must recognize that government aid can-
developing countries of Asia and Africa. These people
not possibly meet the problem with which we are con-
are now in revolution, not a political revolt, but a world
fronted.
The only source of investment funds that
revolution of people's expectations.
can be greatly expanded is private capital.
In the course of this revolution, the steel mill and the
There are limits to what government can do. There is
partly the limit imposed by budgetary problems. But
above all there is the limit imposed by our conviction that
free private enterprise is the preferable medium for aid
for the newly-developing countries.
There are certain things which the United States can
do, that the governments of countries in which money is
to be invested can do, and that American businessmen
U S. Vice President
Richard M. Nixon ad-
dresses the I.I.D.C. ban-
quet; (right) part of
the banquet audience.
El Vicepresidente Richard
M. Nixon habla en el
banquete de la C.F.I.I.;
FINTERNATIONAL
INDUSTRIAL:
derecha: una parte de la
CONFERENCE
concurrencia al banquete.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
abroad can do to stimulate the increase in foreign invest-
cannot satisfy the borrowing requirements of the Export-
ment the world needs.
Import Bank.
Let us consider what steps the capital deficit nations
We should initiate, through international organizations
can take.
There must be at the outset recognition of
such as the World Bank, studies which could examine the
the fact that the world shortage of capital which evi-
feasibility of setting up a privately-operated international
dences itself in rising interest rates has forced a sharp
investment guarantee fund.
measure of competition for the capital which is available
Because trade is the great generator and vehicle of the
for foreign investment. Any government that is serious
capital the world so badly needs, the [U.S.] Reciprocal
about wanting private capital will necessarily enter this
Trade Agreements Act should be extended for at least
competition. It can set the conditions which will either
five years when it comes up for renewal in the next ses-
induce that capital to flow or stop it cold.
sion of Congress. This action would demonstrate perma-
Let me give an example. Whatever one may think of
nent and expanding interest of the U.S. in world trade.
Premier Nasser's right to "Egyptianize" the Suez Canal-
Whether in order to get paid for our exports, or to get a
and our Government has not disputed his right-it can-
return on our investments, or simply to assure ourselves
not be denied that he made Egypt less attractive to new
of the most economical source of raw materials, the U.S.
capital than it was before. In contrast we see the results
must become an ever larger importer. The Reciprocal
in countries like the Netherlands, Northern Ireland,
Trade Agreements Act is our best assurance that these
Mexico or our own independent Commonwealth of Puerto
imports will be accessible to us on a fair and non-
Rico, where the governments
discriminatory basis.
have set up active and effi-
For the same reason we should complete our member-
cient bureaus and hospitable
ship in the Organization for Trade Coöperation. This or-
policies to promote and wel-
ganization, which the U.S. helped to found, is a place
come foreign capital, and as
where the established system of multilateral tariff bargain-
a result are getting more of
ing and the rules of trade reciprocity can be recorded
it than ever before.
and systematized.
Let us now see what the
We should pass legislation, long since recommended by
Government of the United
the President, to simplify certain antiquated and unjust
States can and should do to
methods of valuation in our customs procedures.
Nelson Rockefeller, Presi-
encourage private investment
dent of The International
abroad.
[Private investors'] oper-
ations must be based first of
Basic Economy Corpora-
The economic sections of
all on the twentieth century
tion, was a key speaker.
our embassies abroad should
principle that the primary
Nelson Rockefeller, Presi-
be upgraded and strength-
purpose of foreign invest-
dente de la International
ened both in quantity and
ment is to create new wealth
Basic Economy Corporation,
quality
rather than to exploit a
pronunciando su discurso.
When tax revision becomes
newly-developing country
feasible, the Congress should pass a tax reform which
American personnal abroad
the President has twice urged. He would extend to in-
should always be trained to
vestors in other parts of the world the 14-point income
be Ambassadors of good will
tax credit for which Western Hemisphere trade corpor-
as well as competent tech-
ations are already eligible.
nicians.
The Congress should also consider the feasibility of
The training of foreign
passing a tax reform similar to one adopted by the United
nationals to assume man-
Kingdom a few months ago. This would defer U.S. taxes
agerial as well as subordinate
on income and profits earned entirely abroad until they
responsibilities should be
are actually paid in dividends to the stockholder or the
given top priority
parent company
I would not suggest that
Robert R. Bottome, invest-
We should channel more of our governmental financial
these proposals I have rec-
ment banker in Venezuela.
operations abroad through private investors and enter-
ommended are all inclusive.
prisers, U.S. and foreign. Specifically, Congress could
Robert R. Bottome, banquero
require-instead of permitting as at present-that at least
But the adoption of such a
inversionista de Venezuela.
25 percent of the foreign currencies we now acquire under
program could provide the
necessary stimulus for a
our agricultural aid program be made available for loans
to U.S. business in those countries.
dramatic expansion of private investment and trade
throughout the world.
The new 300-million-dollar developmental fund should
be set up in such a way that in its administration and
The world of tomorrow is in our hands.
policies it does not become merely a pale carbon copy
The very fact that this Conference is being held pro-
of either the Export-Import Bank or the [International
claims to the world that the forces of freedom have the
Coöperation Administration] Its primary purpose
strength, the vitality and the determination to win the
should be to channel funds into private enterprises which
great struggle for the world.
8
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
La ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo
El Vicepresidente Richard Nixon declaro en la Conferencia de Fomento Industrial
Internacional, de San Francisco, que la empresa privada es la fuente mas productiva
de progreso economico. He aquí algunos de los puntos sobresalientes de su discurso:
Es UN HONOR para mi traer un saludo del Presidente de
engañosa. Pero si tiene éxito en extender el régimen
los Estados Unidos a los representantes de las 62 naciones
comunista por Africa y Asia, el Kremlin habrá asegurado
que asisten a esta histórica conferencia.
su victoria en la lucha por el mundo entonces contro-
No podríamos cometer peor error que desdeñar (el
lará la inmensa riqueza petrolífera, de uranio, cobre y
satélite soviético) como una hazaña cientifica de mas
muchas otras materias primas de esos territorios, esen-
importancia para el hombre de la luna que para el
ciales para la vida económica del mundo libre. Y el
hombre de la tierra.
mundo occidental se verá obligado a rendirse sin disparar
El mismo señor Khrushchev ha declarado que los comu-
un sólo tiro.
nistas prefieren lograr sus objetivos de dominación mun-
Tengo fé en que podemos hacer frente y salir airosos
dial por métodos diferentes al conflicto militar Esto no
de este reto, sièmpre y cuando que basemos nuestra polí-
quiere decir que debemos ignorar la inmensa amenaza
tica en el principio fundamental que es la fuerza genera-
militar que significa el poderío ruso. Significa que debe-
dora de esta conferencia-el reconocimiento de que la
mos estar preparados a una ofensiva económica general
fuente mas productiva de progreso económico es la em-
comunista que trata de ganarse la lealtad de cientos de
presa privada y no la gubernamental.
millones de personas del mundo neutral, e inclusive la de
Digo esto dándome perfecta cuenta de que ha habido y
algunos de los del mundo libre.
existe lugar importante para la acción por parte del
Afortunadamente, en cuanto se refiere al ciudadano
gobierno. Desde la guerra, el gobierno de los Estados
común, la ventaja está de nuestro lado y no del de ellos.
Unidos ha realizado la mas grande operación bancaria
El contraste entre la prosperidad sin precedente de Ale-
de tiempo de paz en la historia de la financiación guberna-
mania Occidental y la desalentadora pobreza de Alemania
mental. El total de nuestros donativos y préstamos al
Oriental, demuestra de modo elocuente la superioridad de
exterior en ese período llega a casi 60.000 millones de
una sociedad libre sobre el sistema comunista.
dólares.
Creemos que a la larga el hombre libre ganará en efi-
Pero el capital del gobierno es, en cierto modo, capital
ciencia y superará en producción a una economía esclava.
de tiempo de crisis.
Pero no podemos ignorar el hecho de que un estado dicta-
Sin embargo, debemos reconocer que la ayuda del
torial puede lograr en poco tiempo resultados especta-
gobierno no puede hacer frente al problema a que esta-
culares al concentrar todos sus recursos en determinada
mos encarados la única fuente de fondos para inver-
dirección.
siones que puede ser grandemente ampliada es la del
Esto es cierto especialmente en vista del hecho de que
capital privado.
los comunistas están concentrando sus esfuerzos en los
Hay límites para lo que el gobierno puede hacer Existe
nuevos países de Asia y Africa que comienzan a desarro-
parcialmente aquel de los problemas presupuestarios. Pero
llarse. Estos pueblos están actualmente en revolución, no
por sobre todo, está el de nuestra convicción de que la
en revuelta política, sino en la revolución mundial de la
empresa privada libre es el medio preferido para ayudar
esperanza de los pueblos.
a los países que están comenzando a desarrollarse.
En el curso de ésta, las acerías y las plantas hidroeléc-
Hay ciertas cosas que los Estados Unidos pueden hacer;
tricas han llegado a ser mas que necesidades económicas.
ciertas que pueden hacer los gobiernos de las naciones
Se han convertido en símbolo de orgullo y esperanza de
en las que se va a invertir el dinero; y ciertas que pueden
las naciones.
hacer los hombres de negocios norteamericanos en el exte-
El mundo comunista está dispuesto a prometer que
rior para estimular el flujo del capital extranjero que
ayudará a hacer realidad esas esperanzas. Lo hará pese
necesita el mundo.
al bajísimo nivel de vida en que vive.
Consideremos qué medidas pueden tomar las naciones
Sabemos, por supuesto, que tal ayuda será corta y
que
necesitan
capital.
Desde un principio se debe
Izq.-der.: Hermann J. Abs, Gerente
del Deutsche Bank, de Francfort,
Alemania Occidental; Miguel Cua-
derno, Director del Banco Central
de las Filipinas, Manila; Marcus
Wallenberg, Presidente del Enskilda
Bank de Estocolmo; Walther Mo-
reira Salles, Gerente del Banco
Moreira Salles S.A., São Paulo, Brasil.
From left, Hermann J. Abs, Direc-
tor of the Deutsche Bank, Frank-
furt, West Germany: Miguel
Cuaderno, Governor of the Central
Bank of the Philippines, Manila;
Marcus Wallenberg, President of
the Stockholm (Sweden) Enskilda
Bank; Walther Moreira Salles,
Director of the Banco Moreira
Salles S.A., São Paulo, Brazil.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Sala de la Directiva del Banco de América, donde unos
delegados hablaron sobre inversiones en el exterior.
The Board Room of the Bank of America, where
businessmen talked of overseas investments.
ción y política no se convierta únicamente en un pálido
reflejo del Banco de Exportación e Importación o de la
(Administración de Cooperación Internacional) su
objetivo primordial debe ser proporcionar fondos a las
empresas privadas que no pueden satisfacer los requisitos
reconocer el hecho de que la escasez mundial de capital,
de préstamo del Banco de Exportación e Importación.
que se manifiesta en los crecientes tipos de interés, ha
Debemos iniciar estudios, por intermedio de organiza-
hecho surgir una fuerte competencia por el capital dispo-
ciones internacionales, como el Banco Mundial, que exami-
nible para inversión en el exterior Cualquier gobierno
nen la posibilidad de establecer un fondo de garantía, de
que piense seriamente en conseguir capital privado, nece-
caracter privado, para las inversiones internacionales.
sariamente entrará en esta competencia. Puede fijar las
Ya que el comercio es el gran generador y vehículo del
condiciones que bien animen el flujo de ese capital 0
capital que tanto necesita el mundo, la ley norteamericana
lo detengan.
de Acuerdos Recíprocos de Comercio, debe ser prorrogada
Pongamos un ejemplo: Piénsese lo que se quiera del
por lo menos por cinco años, cuando ésta sea presentada
derecho del Presidente del Consejo de Ministros Nasser
de "egipcianizar" el Canal de Suez-y este es un derecho
para su renovación en la próxima sesión del Congreso.
que nuestro gobierno no ha discutido-no se puede negar
Esta medida demostraría el permanente y creciente
que hizo a Egipto menos atractivo que antes para la inver-
interés de los Estados Unidos en el comercio mundial.
sión de nuevo capital. En contraste, vemos los resultados
Los Estados Unidos deben convertirse en mayor exporta-
en países como Holanda, Irlanda del Norte, Méjico 0
dor, bien sea con el objeto de que se nos pague por
nuestro independiente Estado Asociado de Puerto Rico,
nuestras exportaciones, de obtener beneficio de nuestras
en donde los gobiernos han creado organismos activos y
inversiones, o simplemente de asegurar la fuente mas
eficaces y han adoptado políticas hospitalarias para fo-
económica de materias primas. La ley de Acuerdos de
mentar y recibir de buen grado el capital extranjero y
Comercio Recíproco es nuestra mejor seguridad de que
como resultado lo están consiguiendo en mayor cantidad
tendremos acceso a tales importaciones sobre bases justas
que antes.
y sin discriminación.
Veamos ahora que puede y debe hacer el gobierno de
Por esta misma razón debemos ratificar nuestra calidad
los Estados Unidos para fomentar la inversión privada en
de miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación
el exterior
Comercial. Esta organización, que los Estados Unidos
Las secciones económicas de nuestras embajadas deben
ayudaron a fundar, es donde se pueden registrar y regla-
ser fortalecidas tanto en cantidad como en calidad.
mentar el sistema de negociación multilateral de aranceles
y los códigos de reciprocidad del intercambio comercial.
Cuando sea factible la revisión de los impuestos, el
Deberíamos aprobar una ley, que desde hace tiempo
Congreso debería aprobar la reforma tributaria que en
dos ocasiones ha solicitado el Presidente. Con ello se
viene recomendando el Presidente, para simplificar ciertos
métodos anticuados e injustos de fijación de nuestros
haría partícipe a los inversionistas de otras partes del
aranceles.
mundo del crédito de 14 puntos al impuesto sobre la renta,
a lo cual ya tienen derecho las compañías comerciales del
Las operaciones (de los inversionistas privados) deben
Hemisferio Occidental.
estar basadas, primero que todo, en el principio del siglo
El Congreso debería considerar la posibilidad de
XX de que el objetivo principal de la inversión extranjera
aprobar una reforma tributaria similar a la adoptada por
es crear nueva riqueza, en lugar de explotar un país que
comienza a desarrollarse.
el Reino Unido hace unos pocos meses. Con esto se
diferirían los impuestos que cobran los Estados Unidos
El personal norteamericano en el exterior debe ser
por renta y utilidades percibidas totalmente en el exterior,
siempre entrenado para que sean embajadores de buena
hasta tanto fueran pagadas en dividendos a los accionistas
voluntad, así como también técnicos competentes.
o a la compañía matriz.
Se debe dar gran prioridad al entrenamiento de extran-
Deberíamos encauzar mas nuestras operaciones finan-
jeros para que asuman las responsabilidades tanto de los
cieras gubernamentales en el exterior por conducto de
cargos directivos como de los subordinados.
inversionistas y empresas privadas, tanto norteamericanos
No quiero insinuar que todas las proposiciones que he
como extranjeros.
hecho tengan que ser adoptadas. Pero la aplicación de un
Especialmente el Congreso podría exigir (en lugar de
programa tal, podría suministrar el estímulo necesario
permitir como actualmente lo hace) que por lo menos el
para una dramática expansión de la inversión privada y
25 por ciento de las divisas que ahora recibimos de
el intercambio comercial en todo el mundo.
acuerdo con nuestro programa de ayuda agrícola, fueran
El mundo del mañana está en nuestras manos.
puestas a disposición para préstamos a las empresas norte-
El hecho mismo de que esta conferencia se esté reali-
americanas en esos países.
zando, indica al mundo que las fuerzas de la libertad
El nuevo fondo para desarrollo, de 300 millones de
tienen la fortaleza, la vitalidad y la firmeza de ganar la
dólares, debe ser establecido en tal forma que su direc-
gran batalla por el mundo.
10
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Proposed Lead-Zinc Curbs
Would Injure Hemisphere Economy
The United States Tariff Commission recently
In 1956, for example, Peru's exports of lead and zinc
conducted hearings in Washington, D. C., on pro-
to the U.S. amounted to $36 million, representing 31 per-
posals to increase the rates of duty on lead and
cent of her total exports to the U.S.
zinc and to impose import quotas on these two
Peru is a significant importer of U S. manufactured
metals. Its decision is expected shortly.
goods and agricultural products. In fact, during the past
The opposition of W. R. Grace & Co. to such
four years Peru purchased more from the U.S. than she
measures was expressed in a statement submitted
to the Commission by James H. Stebbins, Execu-
sold to our country, as demonstrated by the following
tive Vice President.
table:
Mr. Stebbins previously testified against efforts
PERU'S TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES
to place an excise tax on lead and zinc imports
(millions of dollars)
before the Senate Finance Committee and the
1953
1954
1955
1956
House Ways and Means Committee. Excerpts from
his statement to the Tariff Commission follow:
IMPORTS
119
98
120
159
EXPORTS
87
97
111
134
IN ITS APPLICATION to the Tariff Commission, the Emer-
32
1
9
25
gency Lead-Zinc Committee requested that maximum
(Excess of Peruvian imports
rates of duty legally permissible be imposed on imports
from the U.S. over exports to U.S.)
of lead and zinc and proposed establishment of a system
SOURCE: Foreign Commerce Weekly, August 5, 1957,
of import quotas on these two metals.
Department of Commerce
W R. Grace & Co. wishes to express its opposition to
This friendly country prefers to buy American goods
either course of action on grounds they would be seri-
and last year purchased 50 percent of her total imports
ously detrimental to the national interests of the United
from the U S. Any reduction in her ability to earn dollar
States.
exchange would tend to cut down her imports from the
Our opposition is based not only upon our century-long
U.S. and would therefore be harmful to American
business association with the Latin American countries
interests.
but also upon our belief that the over-all interests of the
An import quota system would directly affect the U.S.
U.S. require a stable trade policy and an increasing
maritime industry, since imports of lead and zinc from
foreign trade.
some foreign suppliers are waterborne to this country
While our activities are highly diversified, I would
An import quota system, as proposed by the Emergency
point out that we do not own or operate any lead or zinc
Lead-Zinc Committee, would materially reduce [the] ex-
mines in Latin America.
ports of these two metals to the U.S. and consequently
We believe very strongly that the proposals now before
cargo carried by American shipping companies.
the Tariff Commission are unwise for the following
Peru is a significant supplier of lead and zinc to the
reasons:
U.S. where domestic production is clearly insufficient to
meet domestic consumption needs.
It is therefore in
1) They would be harmful to American interests.
the national interest of the U.S. to maintain foreign
2) They would impair a needed source of supply
3) They would seriously jeopardize U.S. relations
with Latin America.
The proposals of the Emergency Lead-Zinc Committee
would limit the exports of lead and zinc from Peru,
Mexico and other Latin American sources to the U.S.
This would result in an inevitable reduction of the pur-
chases of these countries from the U S. since they depend
upon dollar revenues from their exports to the U.S. to
finance their imports from our country
Vital to Latin American economies are
the zinc and lead of Peru and other
countries, whose mines require modern
machinery, most of it made in the U.S.
Vitales para la economía Latinoamericana
son el cinc y el plomo del Perú y de otros
países cuyas minas necesitan de maquinaria
moderna, gran parte de la cual es hecha en
los Estados Unidos.
11
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Railroad, dock and ship workers are
among the thousands of persons in the
Americas who also benefit from the
export of our neighbors' mineral wealth.
Los ferroviarios, estibadores y marineros
hacen parte de los miles de personas de las
Américas, que también se benefician con las
exportaciones de la riqueza mineral de
nuestros vecinos.
The confidence and friendship of the Latin American
countries is of vital importance to the U.S. militarily,
politically and economically and if we are to keep that
confidence and friendship the U.S. must not change its
trade policy in line with the fluctuations of the prices of
SI
lead and zinc and other materials which we import from
them.
Variations in our trade policy produce results and reac-
tions in Latin America in far greater proportion than the
sources of supply, of which Peru is an important factor,
domestic economic ills they seek to remedy The reason
active and available.
for this is that the economies of the Latin American coun-
We should never lose sight of the fact that during
tries are greatly dependent upon trade with the U.S. and
World War II Peru and other Latin American sources of
any significant or sudden shift in their trade relations
lead and zinc were readily available to the U S. and in
with the United States seriously affects their balance of
the event of another emergency they will again be at the
payments position, the extent of their imports from the
disposal of the U S., provided the mines are maintained
U S. and the financing of their extensive economic
in good working order. The Peruvian Mining Association
development programs.
contends, and with good reason, that the proposals now
The Latin American countries are energetically striving
before the Tariff Commission would work a serious hard-
to develop their economies and raise living standards
ship on the lead and zinc mines in Peru. In fact, during
which would eventually mean increased trade. They look
the past few months, a number of lead and zinc mines
to the U $. for economic support and they realize that
have closed down, and 2,500 miners have been laid off in
they must share with American producers the good and
Peru, demonstrating convincingly and emphatically that
bad effects of price fluctuations. But they seriously ques-
the present low price for these metals, which is really the
tion whether, as in the present case of lead and zinc, they
crux of the problem now before the Tariff Commission,
should suffer additional penalties in the form of higher
affects not only U S. mines but Peruvian and other
tariffs and import quotas when prices are down.
foreign mining enterprises equally and severely
While we feel that the present proposals are unwise
The Committee's proposals can not be considered solely
because they would harm American interests, seriously
in the context of the present unfavorable situation in
impair a needed source of supply and adversely affect
which the domestic lead and zinc miners find themselves,
U.S. relations with Latin America, we do not mean to
because this matter is being watched very carefully
suggest that some form of relief should not be provided
throughout all of Latin America as a matter of hemisphere
to the domestic lead and zinc mining industry There are
concern. The Latin American nations are united in their
other measures which could be considered as alternatives
firm belief that one of their major economic requirements
such as continuation of the stockpiling program or resort
is a stable trade policy with the U S. Approval of these
to outright subsidies, both of which, we acknowledge,
proposals, in their minds, would mean that similar meas-
present drawbacks. But we do believe that the advan-
ures might be taken against other strategic raw materials
tages, alleged to be gained by an increased tariff and an
which they supply to us, and that the U.S. favors friendly
import quota system, would be outweighed by the detri-
trade when it is to its advantage to do so only to abandon
mental effects they would have on the national interests
this policy when it becomes inconvenient.
of the U.S.
AN 'UNWISE' PROPOSAL
A rise in tariff rates that greatly harms other coun-
cent of Peru's gross national product, whereas the
tries and provides little benefit to the United States
domestic industry accounted for only 0.064 per cent
is obviously unwise. This is the case with lead and
of the United States gross national product. Senator
zinc. The Tariff Commission has just heard argu-
Edgardo Portaro, speaking for the Peruvian Mining
ments aimed at raising the rates on these commodi-
Association, said a tariff rise "would not only dis-
ties. If this is done, Canada, Mexico and Peru will
concert our people but also disillusion them in the
be hurt. So will our relations with them. So will the
ideals of Americanism."
American exporters who are paid with the proceeds
It would certainly do that. Latin-American coun-
of the sales of imported lead and zinc, and SO will
tries (and Canada, too) are dependent on trade with
the American investors who either control or are
the United States. Economic nationalism and anti-
heavily involved in the lead and zinc mining indus-
Yankeeism are strong forces in Latin America. They
tries of the three countries named.
feed on just such short-sighted policies as an increase
Peru is an especially good example. Fifteen per
in lead and zinc tariffs would represent.
cent of her foreign earnings in 1956 came from
The arguments against the increase for these two
exports of lead and zinc. Robert P Koenig, president
commodities are powerful and persuasive. The Tariff
of Cerro de Pasco Corporation, an American enter-
Commission is in a position to refuse to recommend
prise which is the principal producer of lead and
the increase. It should do so, in the best interest of
12
zinc in Peru, testified before the Tariff Commission in
the country.
Washington on Monday. He pointed out that produc-
-Editorial, The New York Times,
tion of lead and zinc in Peru accounted for 4.5 per
November 27, 1957
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
VINYL
was the password
when
PAINT
moved
indoors
B
ARELY A DECADE AGO, homeowners considered paint
an "outdoor" product. While it beautified neighborhoods
and protected homes against Nature's destructive forces,
By ROGER KAUFMAN
its odor in confined areas was discomforting and often
dangerous. Oily and sticky, it required days of drying.
But today's paint is one of the most economical, efficient
products in home decorating. The story of its transition
into the highly adaptable product it is today is a glowing
account of chemical research and development.
particle dispersions
the homogeneous suspension of
NEW SYNTHETIC RUBBER BASE HELPED
particles in liquid state. Having earlier developed several
formulations of polyvinyl acetate, another fine particle
Until 1949, only oil bases, such as linseed, soya bean
dispersion, for adhesives, Dewey and Almy came up
and chinawood oils, had been used in manufacturing
with a vinyl plastic base for paint one that was free of
paint. But that year a synthetic rubber paint base
the degenerative effects of oxidation. This vastly improved
was developed. Rubber in its liquid state, traditionally
paint base was introduced commercially in 1953. Dewey
referred to as "latex," is a dispersion of fine particles sus-
and Almy christened it Everflex.
pended in water The new paint was virtually odorless,
and plain tap water was used as a thinning agent. This
MASTER STROKE IN MODERN PAINTING
"miracle paint" could be rolled onto walls by youngsters.
What is added when tough, flexible vinyl plastic (poly-
It dried rapidly with a hard film. Spatterings could be
vinyl acetate copolymer) becomes the base of paint? As
washed away with soap and water So it seemed that
does the newest raincoat material that "breathes" air
all the problems had been solved virtually overnight.
but sheds water, Everflex paint lets moisture harmlessly
work through its film without blistering it, while it is
NOW VINYL IS THE FINAL TOUCH
impervious to repeated washings and scrubbings. Ever-
Yet once both oil- and water-based paints are spread
flex may be applied to "green" plaster, and because of
across a surface, oxidation commences. In oil-based
its adhesive strength, it needs no primer Spreading
paints, the hardening of the film is an immediate result
easily, it flows to a uniform surface that dries in 30
of oxidation. But the process continues, resulting in
minutes. It will not show touch-up marks and it has no
eventual surface breakdown. Also, the solid film often
after-drying odor. Its dead-velvet-flat finish may be
trapped subsurface moisture, causing blisters. Oxidation
scrubbed for years without breaking down. A damp cloth
is slower in rubber-based paints, but its gradual effects
or water cleans brushes, rollers and drippings.
are displayed in cracking and discoloration of the paint
Just this October, Dewey and Almy announced still an-
film, just as tires and garden hoses deteriorate with age
other major "breakthrough" in the chemical industry By
and seem to "rot" when subjected to the oxidizing powers
eliminating the emulsifier in the vinyl base, it has com-
of the air.
pletely eradicated the paint's sensitivity to water stain-
Movement into paint research was a normal trend for
ing. Today, Dewey and Almy supplies its Everflex vinyl
W R. Grace & Co.'s Dewey and Almy Chemical Company
paint base to over 50 leading manufacturers.
Division. Since its founding in 1919, Dewey and Almy's
With
its
plant reactors brewing vinyl around the
chemists have been especially active in the field of fine
clock, and with its Everflex the recognized paint industry
standard, Grace's Dewey and Almy Chemical Division
is supplying paint-minded homeowners with the newest,
most efficient product on the market today
Test panels at Dewey and Almy's laboratories
show how escaping moisture blisters traditional
oil paint (left), but vinyl paint allows moisture
to pass through without blistering the surface.
En estos tableros en los Laboratorios Dewey y
Almy se ve como la humedad ampolla la pintura
al óleo (izq.). La pintura con vinyl permite que la
humedad ventajosamente pase sin formar ampollas.
13
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
(Left) "Christ of the Andes", on a
14,000-foot mountain pass, watches
over Argentina and Chile. (Below)
School of Law, University of Chile.
(Izquierda) El "Cristo de los Andes,"
levantado a 4.267 metros, vigila a la
Argentina y Chile. (Abajo) Escuela de
Derecho de la Universidad de Chile.
(Below) At the world famous resort of Viña del Mar,
(Abajo) En el mundialmente famoso balneario de Viña
Chile's wines
about two hours' drive from Santiago, the Casino is
del Mar a solo dos horas de viaje de Santiago, el Casino
major export.
the Monte Carlo of the Western Hemisphere. (Center)
es el Monte Carlo del Hemisferio Occidental. (Centro)
yards in the
The beautiful Chilean shoreline rivals that of the
La bella costa de Chile rivaliza con la de la Riviera
visitors admir
French Riviera; view of Cape Ducal.
Francesa; una vista del Cabo Ducal.
display
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
(Right) A cosmopolitan Santiago boulevard stretches
toward the snow-capped Andes. (Below) Punta Arenas,
world's southernmost city, on the Straits of Magellan.
(Derecha) Una cosmopolita avenida de Santiago se prolonga
hacia los nevados Andes. (Abajo) Punta Arenas, la ciudad
mas austral del mundo, frente al Estrecho de Magallanes.
All Its Splendor
are world famous and a
El vino de Chile, famoso en el mundo, es
These colorful "huasos" (below),
At one of the many vine-
una de sus principales exportaciones.
as Chilean cowboys are known, are
Chilean lowlands (below)
(Abajo) Los visitantes admiran la abundante
among the world's best horsemen.
e a bumper crop of grapes
cosecha de uvas exhibida por el capataz en
ed by the foreman.
uno de los muchos viñedos.
(Abajo) Típicos "huasos", vaqueros
chilenos, son reconocidos como unos
de los mejores jinetes del mundo.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Grace Line
Wizardry to the
Picture shows (on left) the card read-
ing-punching machine; (at rear) the
tape drive; (in front) the report printer.
Izquierda: perfora-lectora de tarjetas;
atrás: guía de cinta; frente: impresor.
As
S
YOUR ELEVATOR whisks you by the third floor of 3
It can all be done in a matter of minutes. Yet the
Hanover Square, your eye may be caught by the unusual
machine is not a "brain"; it must have human brains,
sight of a battery of futuristic-looking machines behind
and hands, directing it-and the information fed into
a long observation window This fleeting glance gives
the "650" must be accurate.
a hint of Grace Line's progressive approach to solving
Vital cargo and revenue statistics will be produced in
the innumerable daily problems of an industry long con-
as few as six days, compared to the six weeks necessary
sidered one of the most tradition-bound in its accounting
earlier
practices.
Within 48 hours after a ship sails, the machine will be
The observation window offers a sight of a meticulously
able to compute whether the voyage will result in maxi-
tidy and pleasing room in gay decorator colors in which
mum profits, and this in time to reroute the return voyage
are installed, rectangular and silver-gray, the various
to a more profitable schedule. The computer can simu-
components of the new high-speed computing unit known
late the company's activities by projecting ten years of
as the IBM Tape 650 Electronic Data Processing System
probable experience under a given set of conditions in
that Grace Line has recently installed. The new automa-
barely 20 minutes.
tion system replaces the IBM type 607 electronic calcu-
This machine marvel will process freight bills rapidly
lators with which the Company earlier established itself
It will prepare labor-cost-distribution analyses involving
as a shipping industry pioneer in the use of electronic
thousands of terminal employees and 288 job categories
calculating equipment.
in a mere fraction of the time previously needed, from the
Nothing less than this latest in the world of business
moment the longshoremen prepared job tickets until the
automation would do to provide the facts needed by Lewis
finished report appeared on a Vice President's desk. In
A. Lapham, President of Grace Line, and his forward-
45 minutes, the system computes the weekly wages and
thinking collaborators in mapping out their multi-million
prints checks for 3,000 longshoremen-an operation that
dollar replacement program that will keep Grace Line in
formerly took 14 man-hours.
the forefront of the world's shipping industry
Eventually, this giant will get into high-speed compu-
Operating on some of the longest cargo runs in the
tational research-studies showing management where it
world, under the most varied conditions, among several
can maximize profit and minimize cost, and thus produce
score ports in 15 countries and carrying an immense di-
data that the human brain could not evolve until the in-
versity of cargo from perishable bananas to corrosive
formation would be virtually useless.
ores, from aromatic coffee to streamlined limousines,
To get the personnel to operate these lightning-fast
from pins to 80-ton locomotives, Grace Line will now be
calculating giants, Grace Line sought no farther afield
able to learn in minutes what formerly took days, weeks
than its own ranks. Based on a test, the "Electronic
and even months of calculating and figuring.
It can get extremely rapid answers to such questions
as these: What tonnages of what commodities may be ex-
pected to move in the next six months? Will a certain
voyage be profitable? How should a ship be rerouted,
after sailing, to realize the maximum profits? How can
labor and material requirements be accurately predicted
for more than six months ahead? How can Grace Line
under a set of given conditions forecast as much as ten
years of probable experience?
16
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
By DOROTHY HINZ
Brings Electronic
Steamship Industry
CENTRAL
INPUT
OUTPUT
PROCESSING UNIT
UNITS
UNITS
Data Processing Machine Programmer Aptitude Examina-
ARITHMETIC
tion," given to more than 200 applicants from the Line,
CIRCUITRY
six were chosen, including a stevedore, a Passenger De-
partment employee, the supervisor of the Estimating De-
partment, a lawyer, an accounting clerk and a corporal
MAGNETIC TAPE
MAGNETIC TAPE
DATA AND
PROCESSED
right out of the Army who had worked on guided missile
CONSTANTS
DATA
programs. These figure-experts prepare the detailed in-
structions, or "programs," for the "650" and code them
on cards that can be read directly into the machine.
MAGNETIC
The specially air-conditioned chamber holding the fan-
CORE
MAGNETIC TAPE
tastic-and delicate-machinery is equipped with various
STORAGE
alarms that signal if the working temperature and humid-
ity drop or rise beyond the normal tolerance for efficient
Magnetic "PIGEON HOLES"
IBM CARDS
operation. In fact, the observation window has the main
MAGNETIC
purpose of allowing the curious to watch the electronic
DRUM
marvels in action, without disturbing the atmosphere in
STORAGE
the room.
12,500 r.p.m.
Along the light-studded face of the central processing
unit, or console, scores of twinkling orange sparks ripple
like waves of thought. The electrical impulses of the
IBM CARDS
PRINTED REPORTS
"650" move over its wire "nerves" at the rate of thou-
sands of miles per second; in our bodies, nervous im-
Control circuitry.
Decodes instructions
pulses travel at a maximum rate of 300 feet per second.
It is no trick at all for the "650" to do 78,000 additions
and directs processing
or subtractions per minute. In one second it can divide
Typical application of
IBM 650 Tape EDP System
a 60-digit number by a 20-digit figure and arrive at a
ten-digit quotient.
The machine's "memory" is an ingenious magnetic
drum that can store up to 20,000 digits on its surface.
A supplementary memory unit, named "Immediate Access
Storage," has thousands of "magnetic cores," each only
slightly larger than the head of a pin. Electrical pulses
change the magnetic state of the cores, to make the mag-
netic patterns that stand for certain words or numbers.
The information thus stored as electrical charges can be
transmitted to the computing system in millionths of a
second, to be processed at the rate of 2,300 logical opera-
(Left) Working parts include magnetic drum, electronic cir-
tions per second.
cuitry; also shown is part of the console. (Above) Setting
Four I.B.M. "727" magnetic tape units serve as "stor-
the console and operating the reading-punching machine.
age" of vast amounts of necessary data. One reel of
magnetic tape has the capacity of 60,000 punch cards,
(Izquierda) Tambor magnético, circuito electrónico, parte
which stapled end to end would reach 37,500 feet high.
de la unidad. (Arriba) De la izquierda a la derecha, se ve
The system produces answers in three ways-by print-
el tablero de control y la máquina perfora-lectora.
ing, punching on cards or by storing them on the tapes
at the rate of 15,000 characters per second.
Thus in cutting months, weeks and days of paper work
to days, hours and minutes, Grace Line has made an aus-
picious start in the age of automation.
17
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
A
LOT OF THE BIG ONES do not get away at Cabo Blanco.
The great billfish-black marlin, blue marlin, striped marlin and broadbill
swordfish-and big-eyed tuna are much sought after at this comparatively new
international fishing spot and resort in Peru. But many crack small varieties are
pursued, too, by visitors to the cape where South America has its farthest west
point in the Pacific Ocean, 250 miles south of the Equator The surf-casting also
is unsurpassed.
As for some of the big ones, witness the day when Mrs. Maurice Meyer, Jr., of
Long Branch, New Jersey, reeled in a 1,240-pound black marlin. Then Mr
Meyer, in the same boat, caught a 1,200-pounder, and this on the same day.
There was also the day when Alfred C. Glassell, Jr., of Houston, Texas, boated
the record 1,560-pounder-a peak for all fish captured by rod and reel. Fisher-
men recall that day-August 4, 1953-as easily as baseball fans remember such
dates as when home-run and consecutive-games-played records were made.
The World's Best Fishing
CABO BLANCO
It is only at Cabo Blanco in all the world that sport
fishermen have caught black marlin that weigh better than
1,000 pounds. The old New Zealand record of 976 pounds
has been bettered 39 times since 1952; 36 of those catches
have topped 1,000 pounds. After the Cabo Blanco Fishing
Club opened in 1952, the actual record was broken six
have not even been stopped for Dolphin, amberjacks,
times within 18 months.
snook and bonita are among the other plentiful species.
Six deep-sea rod and reel anglers have boated two
If Cabo Blanco sounds fantastic and fabulous, it is.
"blacks" in one day, and Mr Glassell has done it twice.
Since 1952, sport fishermen have been coming to it from
The Houston fisherman has other marks to his credit,
all over the Western Hemisphere and such distant points
including the first black marlin of more than 1,000
as Hawaii, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and Eng-
pounds-a 1,025-pounder that was a record at that time.
land. They use four completely-equipped boats, with twin
Black marlins are the glamourous part of the story
engines, lookouts, gin poles and fighting and easy chairs—
But dozens of broadbill swordfish, the beautiful, fighting
boats made to club members' specifications.
big-eyed tuna and roosterfish have been caught. The
This world's best deep-sea and surf fishing is caused by
boated and landed striped marlin, Pacific sailfish, jacks,
an ichthyological traffic jam, at the confluence of the warm
mackerel, groupers and corvinas have been too numerous
Equatorial Current sweeping down from the north and
to mention or, for so abundant are the bigger fish, they
the cold Humboldt or Peru Current rushing up from the
south. These join in a water highway out into the ocean
right off Cabo Blanco. The big fish find this a superb
feeding area-so good that nowhere else in the world do
black and striped marlin and broadbill swordfish as well
as big-eyed tuna run together
The International Game Fish Association credits Cabo
Seymour Knox, III (left), of Buffalo, New York,
with his 320-pound big-eyed tuna, the world's
best tuna-family fighter; and the club's veran-
das and bedrooms, overlooking the Pacific.
Seymour Knox III (izq.) de Buffalo, Nueva York,
con su atún ojón de 320 libras, el mas grande luchador
de su especie; también las terrazas y los dormitorios
del Club con vista al Pacifico.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Blanco members and guests with 11 world marks, includ-
The "blacks" are supposed to lie outside the cold
ing the ladies' black marlin record-a 1,525-pound fish.
Humboldt Current and to dart in and out to feed. These
The world's heaviest big-eyed tuna weighed 435 pounds;
fish are all headed north they travel alone and
it was hooked at Cabo Blanco by Dr. James Lee of Palo
more are seen in the afternoon than in the morning.
Alto, California. Tuna have been taken commercially over
From October through June the most species are found,
700 pounds.
including the four major ones, and in July, August and
The I.G.F.A. records also show Cabo Blanco as the site
September the Peruvian winter - the black marlin,
of the boating of the world's biggest roosterfish. The all-
broadbill swordfish and big-eyed tuna are most abundant.
tackle titlist is Michael Barrenechea of Mexico City, with
Anglers using the Cabo Blanco boats may not fish with
a 100-pounder
3-thread line or line testing under 18 pounds. No black
The largest broadbill swordfish caught off Peru weighed
marlin fishing is allowed with line testing under 80 pounds
687 pounds-naturally at Cabo Blanco.
or less than the usual 24-thread.
Four women are among the 30 persons in the Cabo
Members and guests reside in the new club house,
Blanco "Thousand Pound Club" for black marlin; other
which has accommodations for 20 persons. All bedrooms
women have caught smaller ones. This club, by the way,
overlook the ocean, and have private baths. The building,
and its clubhouse and facilities have been given by 21
designed by the great Peruvian architect José Alvarez
Calderon has a broad terrace, a sundeck, a bar and a
dining room, which features Peruvian shrimp and lobster,
fresh Argentine meat and other delicacies. There is also
a superbly-equipped tackle room.
Cabo Blanco, sometimes called "the Palm Springs of
Peru", offers more excellencies and nonpareils than fish-
ing. The varied bird life includes duck and wood pigeon
shooting in season.
A fine white sand beach enhances
010
Lbs
July3,1
CAB
BLANC
John H. Duys, Jr. (left), and H. L. Woodward,
both of Havana, Cuba, and a 910-pound black
marlin caught by Mr. Woodward at Cabo Blanco.
John H. Duys, hijo (izquierda), y H. L. Woodward,
los dos de La Habana, con un marlin negro de 910
libras pescado por Sr. Woodward en Cabo Blanco.
year-around swimming. The bathing waters at Cabo
Blanco have no sharks, sting rays, jelly fish or Portuguese
men-of-war But harmless whales and manta rays, the
latter noted for spectacular leaps out of the water, are
common well off shore.
prominent sportsmen of the United States, Peru, Argen-
No fish ever hooked at Cabo Blanco has been mutilated
tina, Brazil and Cuba for the fishermen of the world and
or touched by a shark or any other fish.
other persons who want the best saltwater fishing, surf-
Thirty-two miles and 50 minutes by automobile to the
casting, swimming, recreation and rest.
south of the club is picturesque Talara, on the routes of
The boats rarely go out beyond five miles and never
both Grace Line and Panagra. Other colorful cities and
more than ten miles north or south. The black marlin,
towns are short motor trips away Golf and tennis may be
striped marlin, broadbill swordfish and Pacific sailfish are
enjoyed at Talara and El Alto, through the courtesy of
almost always on the surface, so the bait may be put out
International Petroleum and Lobitos Oil Company (Lobi-
when the fish are sighted. The anglers often come in for
tos provided the club site)
lunch at the club and then go out again. Surf-casting is
Thus for many saltwater fishermen and others desiring
usually a one-hour sport, or less, for a good catch.
a good rest, two words answer the question of where to
Tides and moon seem to have no effect. Fishing is best
go for the world's greatest deep-sea fishing and surf-cast-
when the current is normal-good, clear and warm from
ing and, not unincidentally, to acquaint their families with
the north. Some wind also helps, by keeping the black
the sport. The words are "Cabo Blanco", the fish are
marlin on top.
jumping now and everyone is welcome.
HOW TO REACH CABO BLANCO
To Cabo Blanco by air is an overnight journey,
Grace Line ships touch at Talara, on the second
at most, from virtually all Western Hemisphere
Tuesday following a Friday departure from New
cities. For example, it is 12 hours' flying time via
York.
Panagra from New York City to Talara, Peru,
Reservations at the Cabo Blanco Club may be
only 32 miles from Cabo Blanco. Automobiles take
made through S. Kip Farrington, Jr., 247 Park
the travelers to the Cabo Blanco Club.
Avenue, New York 17, N.Y.
19
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
El Instituto
En el salón de las Primeras
Damas, un maniquí exhibe un
vestido usado por la señora de
Abraham Lincoln cuando su
Smithsoniano
esposo era presidente de los
Estados Unidos. También figuran
en esta colección trajes de todas
las Primeras Damas que han
vivido en la Casa Blanca.
Tesoro de historia
In the First Ladies Hall, a
mannequin is clothed in a
gown worn by Mrs. Abraham
y de la vida diaria
Lincoln when her husband
was President of the United
States. Dresses of all other
White House hostesses are
also shown in this collection.
Por JOHN W. WHITE
CUAL ES SU PASATIEMPO FAVORITO: Los fósiles? las
forma compendiada, ya que a una persona le tomaría
ballenas? las estampillas? los aviones? las modas? el arte
75 años únicamente para leer las breves tarjetas de
clásico? las turbinas? la historia de la medicina?
información que acompañan a los ejemplares.
Nombre cualquier cosa que es muy probable que de
Así que no es sorprendente que esta amplia variedad
ello tenga miles de ejemplares el Instituto Smithsoniano,
atraiga anualmente a unos cuatro millones de personas,
de Washington.
desde niños de escuela, hasta investigadores particulares
Y es que generalmente es considerado el museo mas
que visitan el grupo de edificios del Instituto (sin contar
grandioso del mundo. La última estadística oficial indica
con el Parque Zoológico Nacional)
que hay 42.864.645 ejemplares. Faltan millones por ser
clasificados y expuestos.
Su fundador nunca visitó los Estados Unidos
Entre los ejemplares exhibidos hay desde diminutos
fósiles europeos, conocidos por el nombre de Foriminífera,
El objetivo del Instituto se remonta a su fundador
hasta una ballena de 23.7 metros desde monedas
quien nunca vió la tierra que su largueza benefició. Era
antiguas hasta las estampillas de hoy día en el mundo
James Smithson, un científico inglés que murió en'Genova,
desde un dinosauro reconstruído que data de 150
Italia, en 1829. Legó toda su fortuna el equivalente a
millones de años hasta el primer corazón mecánico prác-
558.000 dólares, inmensa suma de dinero en esos días
tico desde un jarrón de la dinastía china Ming, que
"para fundar en Washington un establecimiento para
data de 500 años, y muchas obras clásicas, hasta la forma
el fomento y la difusión del conocimiento entre los
de vida de los americanos precolombinos, desde la Tierra
hombres."
del Fuego hasta el Círculo Artico y así prácticamente
Pero inclusive después de que el legado llegó en 1838,
hasta el infinito.
los legisladores tardaron ocho años para decidir si el
En realidad, el Instituto tiene un objetivo infinito: "el
Gobierno debía aceptarlo. Finalmente en 1855, se levantó
aumento y difusión del conocimiento." Pero sus inmensas
el edificio Smithsoniano, que se ha convertido en uno
colecciones por lo general tienen que ser clasificadas en
de los símbolos de Washington.
Millones de personas visitan anual-
mente las distintas ramas del Insti-
tuto Smithsoniano; aquí se ven
unas pocas entrando a los edificios.
Millions of persons visit the
branches of the Smithsonian In-
stitution every year; here a few
enter the towered first buildings.
20
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
El Instituto es ahora mucho mas que esa familiar
Se muestran ejemplares de tamaño natural de las
estructura en donde actualmente funcionan únicamente
antiguas civilizaciones del mundo occidental, desde los
las oficinas administrativas y las exhibiciones botánica y
indios de la Tierra del Fuego, pasando por las regiones
de artes gráficas.
de los Incas, los Mayas, y los Aztecas, hasta los Es-
Posteriormente se construyeron los edificios de Artes e
quimales del Artico. Cinco dioramas en miniatura com-
Industrias, el de Historia Natural, el de Aeronáutica, la
pletan los grupos familiares, que incluyen el cultivo de
Galería de Arte Freer y la Galería Nacional de Arte
los campos por parte de los Incas; una escena campestre
(o Galería Mellon)
de los indios Yahgan, la tribu mas meridional del
El visitante común frecuentemente tiene su primera
mundo, y los indios que recibieron a Cristóbal Colón
impresión de la inmensidad del Instituto por la exhibición
en 1492.
de aeroplanos en el edificio de Artes e Industrias. Col-
gando del techo se ven el primer avión práctico de los
Ejemplo de un antiguo entierro peruano
hermanos Wright y "el Espíritu de San Luis", de Lind-
Uno de los mas interesantes ejemplares expuestos es
bergh.
una figura de persona hecha en madera, tela y mimbre,
recientemente adquirida, sacada de una tumba en el
Los trajes de las 'Primeras Damas'
Perú en donde fué enterrada alrededor del año 1100
En el edificio de Artes e Industrias también está una
antes de Jesucristo.
de las exhibiciones mas populares del Instituto la célebre
Cerca de ésto se encuentra una fiel agrupación del
colección de trajes de huéspedes de la Casa Blanca, las
medio ambiente de los grandes mamíferos de Norte-
Primeras Damas desde Martha Washington hasta Mamie
américa. La principal de éstas muestra el bisonte, que era
Eisenhower, con ejemplos del mobiliario y alrededores
una de las principales fuentes de alimento, vestido,
de la Casa Blanca cuando se usaron esos trajes.
habitación y de ingresos tanto para los indios como para
Entre otros históricos ejemplares que se exponen en
los colonos de las planicies norteamericanas.
este edificio figuran el escritorio portátil en el que Thomas
Entre las colecciones de fósiles figuran las de algunas
Jefferson escribió el primer proyecto de la Declaración
criaturas submarinas que datan de mas de 400 millones
de Independencia de los Estados Unidos, de la Gran
de años tan perfectas que no solo muestran las conchas
Bretaña. También allí se exponen algunos muebles de
sino inclusive los suaves tentáculos y órganos internos.
tradición histórica, desde un cofre de pino, usado por
La identificación, por parte del Instituto, de las especies
George Washington en su casa de Mount Vernon, Vir-
de estas minúsculas conchas fósiles guían a los geólogos
ginia, hasta un escritorio usado por el Presidente Dwight
en su búsqueda de nuevos campos petrolíferos.
D. Eisenhower cuando era Comandante Supremo de la
Entre las mas recientes adquisiciones de este museo
Fuerza Expedicionaria Aliada en la segunda guerra
figuran 2.009 plantas de Méjico, Centro y Sudamérica.
mundial.
Tal vez la exhibición de mas vistosa belleza de todo
En los tres pisos del edificio del Museo de Historia
el Instituto es la inmensa colección de gemas y piedras
Natural se hallan las mejores colecciones mundiales de
preciosas. Entre estas bellezas se encuentran cristales de
todo lo que se relaciona con la historia natural, además
amatista y topacio del Brasil, diamantes de diferentes
de la ingeniería y la industria, la numismática y la
colores, rubíes estrella y un inmenso zafiro estrella de
filatelia.
316 quilates.
Algunas antiguas medicinas, sus
ingredientes y aparatos para la
fabricación de drogas son exhibi-
dos en la vieja farmacia.
Some old nostrums and the
sources of their ingredients and
other medicines and drug-mak-
ing apparatus are displayed in
the Old Apothecary Shop.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Entre las rarezas de historia natural del Instituto
A LIVING FOSSIL
figura el pescado Coelakantha, recientemente hallado,
"fósil viviente" de una especie que existió hace
millones de años.
The Smithsonian's natural history exhibits include
300
THE COELACANTH FISH, LATIMERIA CHALUMNAE SMITH
oddities as the recently-found Coelacanth fish, "a
living fossil" from a family millions of years old.
ANCESTRY
El servicio de Intercambio Internacional
Es bien conocido en el exterior el Servicio de Inter-
cambio Internacional del Instituto. Este se inició en 1848
con su primera publicación: "Monumentos Antiguos del
Valle del Mississippi", que el primer secretario Joseph
Henry envió a algunos eruditos extranjeros y a otros
grupos científicos. En pago de esto se han recibido
muchas valiosas publicaciones. Actualmente pasan por
allí mas de un millón de publicaciones al año de institu-
ciones norteamericanas, extranjeras y de particulares.
Por otra parte el Instituto presta y recibe prestados
Una pintura de Renoir es la mas popular
muchos ejemplares de particulares e instituciones. Tam-
bién programa conferencias y exhibiciones ambulantes
Por la calzada, mas hacia el Capitolio, se levanta la
para los Estados Unidos y otras partes.
Galería Nacional de Arte, que se inició en 1936 con un
regalo de 15 millones de dólares del ex secretario del
Otros aspectos de la labor actual del Instituto incluyen
la Colección Nacional de Bellas Artes la Oficina
Tesoro Andrew Mellon. De sus cientos de excepcionales
cuadros de los viejos maestros, una pintura relativamente
Norteamericana de Etnología y la División de Radia-
reciente, "La niña de la regadera," de Renoir, es la
ción y Organismos, parte del Observatorio Astrofísico.
mas popular y de la que se venden mas reproducciones.
A pesar de todo el apoyo financiero y la cooperación
activa del Gobierno, el Instituto Smithsoniano es una
La Galería Freer fué donada por Charles Lang Freer,
de Detroit, Michigan, ya fallecido. En ella se guarda una
fundación privada. No obstante, bajo la custodia del
de las mas importantes exhibiciones mundiales del arte
Gobierno administra diez organismos federales. Y aunque
chino y japonés, desde pinturas hasta jades.
se han gastado millones de dólares en él y se gastarán
muchos mas, el Instituto solamente ha recibido donativos
El interés por la aeronáutica comenzó en 1876 y desde
por 4.000.000 de dólares desde que Smithson lo fundó.
ese entonces el Instituto ha venido coleccionando y
guardando sobresalientes ejemplos de aviones y equipo
Smithson, a quien se debe agradecer esta riqueza
histórica, científica, industrial y cultural, está enterrado
aeronáutico.
en una tumba de mármol situada a la entrada del edificio
Bien conocido por derecho propio es el Parque
Smithsoniano.
Zoológico Nacional situado en la zona residencial de
Rock Creek Park, en Washington. Sus miles de mamíferos,
Acaso ninguna otra exhibición de todo el Instituto
aves y reptiles de todo el mundo atraen anualmente
muestre tan vívidamente cuan lejos han llegado los
cerca de 3.500.000 visitantes.
hombres, como el corazón mecánico. Este puede suplir
completamente las funciones del corazón humano durante
El interés del Instituto es mundial. Tiene dependencias
las operaciones quirúrgicas.
en el exterior entre las que figuran la faja biológica de
la Zona del Canal de Panamá, situada en la isla Barro
La lección que enseña, bien puede servir de tema de los
Colorado, en el lago Gatún. Probablemente en ninguna
muestrarios del Instituto - los logros del pasado son
otra parte del mundo se halla esta combinación de selva
esperanza del futuro.
tropical virgen rodeada de laboratorios. Allí se han sacado
estadísticas definitivas de mas de 7.000 especies de
animales y plantas.
En Montezuma, en el norte de Chile, el Instituto tiene
otra dependencia rama del observatorio astrofísico.
Esta y una similar en Table Mountain, California, hacen
estudios del sol a gran altura.
(Arriba) El famoso avión de Charles Lindbergh, "el
Espíritu de San Luis," en el que por primera vez
atravesó solo el Océano Atlántico.
(Above) Charles Lindbergh's famous plane, "The
Spirit of St. Louis," in which he was the first to
fly alone over the Atlantic Ocean.
(Izq.) La Galería Nacional de Arte, parte del Instituto
Smithsoniano, tal como se ve desde el edificio del
Archivo Nacional, A la izquierda, el Capitolio.
(Left) The National Gallery of Art, part of the
Smithsonian Institution, as seen from the National
Archives Building. Left, the United States Capitol.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
ON WINGS OF
Panagra
Panagra
D7C
'VOR' Air Travel System for Argentina
Aids in Rabies Fight
PANAGRA CARRIED an emergency ship-
SOUTH AMERICA'S FIRST SYSTEMATIC
stations that have been in operation
ment of anti-rabies vaccine this autumn
network of very-high-frequency omni-
for many years at the airports of
from New York's Idlewild Airport to
directional radio range stations (VOR)
Ezeiza, Malargue, Mendoza, Cordoba,
La Paz, Bolivia, to help stop an epi-
for improved air navigational facilities
Tucuman, Villa Reynolds and Junin.
demic of the fatal disease among cattle
is being installed in Argentina by
They will cover the Buenos Aires-
in the Santa Cruz, Chaco and Beni
Panagra.
Mendoza-Santiago and the Buenos
areas.
The Argentine Ministry of Aero-
Aires-Cordoba-Tucuman air routes.
Bolivan ranchers had feared that
nautics has signed a contract with the
The new equipment will coördinate
unless their livestock were inoculated
airline for it to buy, install and main-
with all planes having VOR receivers.
immediately, the "rabia paresiante"
tain seven VOR radio ranges and to
Panagra engineers and flight crews
would spread throughout the country,
train technical personnel in the United
who have been testing the air travel
to other domestic as well as to wild
States. The devices will be bought from
devices in actual operation believe the
animals, and to humans. The disease is
Wilcox Electric, Inc.
new stations will provide commercial
transmitted by at least three kinds of
The modern short-range navigational
and civil aviation in Argentina with
vampire bats.
aids will replace the lower-frequency
the finest available navigational aids.
The 30,000 vials of modified live
virus vaccine from Lederle Labora-
tories Division, American Cyanamid
New Panagra Officers
Company, were packed in dry ice and
were enough for inoculating 60,000
cattle.
THE PANAGRA BOARD OF DIRECTORS has
The vaccine immunizes without in-
elected two new officers of the Com-
Gail M.
fecting. It has been used in Mexico to
pany
Oxley
inoculate more than 2,000,000 cattle.
Gail M. Oxley is the new Secretary
A joint United States-Bolivian or-
and Ramon de Murias has been named
ganization, the Servicio Agricola In-
an Assistant Vice President.
teramericano, received the vaccine in
Mr Oxley succeeds William F Cogs-
La Paz, for distribution in Bolivia.
well, who is retiring after holding the
office of Secretary since Panagra was
started 28 years ago. Mr Oxley con-
1
tinues as Assistant Vice President and
South America Industrial Relations
Ramon
Director of W R. Grace & Co.
de Murias
Mr de Murias has served Panagra
in various capacities in South America
and New York since he joined the
Company in 1946.
Panagra Cargo Gains
Mr Collins adds that all Panagra
planes passenger and freight are
PANAGRA'S AIR CARGO SERVICE to South
carrying a great variety of bulky ship-
America made a 33-percent gain in the
ments, such as salvage and plumbing
third quarter of 1957 over the com-
equipment, heavy machinery, aircraft
parable 1956 period.
parts and office equipment, in addition
A total of 1,199,107 revenue ton
to many smaller items, including phar-
miles was flown in July-September, as
maceuticals, household effects, elec-
against 904,487 in the year-earlier
tronic supplies and even popular music
months.
records.
Cyrus S. Collins, Vice President of
Most bulk shipments have been car-
Sales and Traffic, credits the increase
ried on the all-cargo service that
largely to a new wave of industrial and
Panagra started last July, to supple-
Dr. Juan F. Figueroa, executive in the Farm
construction activity in South America
ment its regular fleet of passenger
and Home Division, American Cyanamid
and to the company's new all-cargo ser-
planes that operate between North and
Company, checks loading of an emergency
shipment of the company's Lederle anti-
vice.
South America.
rabies vaccine sent to La Paz, Bolivia.
23
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
SEEN ON THE
"Santas"
The Honorable Robert B.
Chiperfield, of Canton, Illi-
nois, sailed to Venezuela
aboard the Santa Rosa; he
is a Member of the House
Foreign Affairs Committee.
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Sharp, of Wil-
ton, Connecticut, on the Santa Luisa;
he is a Director, Grace National Bank,
and Vice President, Merck & Co., Inc.
Cruising on the Santa Rosa-Perley Barbour and son
Richard; Mr. Barbour, a former mayor of Quincy, Mass.,
is President, the Barbour Welting Co., Brockton, Mass.
On Santa Paula: Mr.
and Mrs. George G.
Young; he is Presi-
dent of Scott Brothers
of Philadelphia, Pa.
Mr. and Mrs. Casey Stengel (3rd and 5th from right) bid bon
voyage to Mr. and Mrs. William A. McCarthy and daughters,
prior to McCarthy family's sailing on Santa Rosa for Bogotá,
where Mr. McCarthy heads the Compañía General Automotriz.
Cruising on Grace Line's Santa Paula are Mr. and Mrs. Dale
Engleman, of Great Bend, Kans.; she is the winner of the
recent NBC "Most Beautiful Voice in America" contest.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
From New York the popular Santa Rosa
and Santa Paula are operated on weekly cruises
C. C. Mallory Retires
to the Netherlands West Indies, Venezuela
and Colombia, while modern cargo-passenger
CASSIUS C. MALLORY, Chair-
man of the Board of Direc-
Santas provide weekly Casual Cruises to the
tors of Grace Line Inc., re-
Caribbean and also weekly passenger
tired from active service on
service to the West Coast of South America.
October 31st, after 36 years
with the Grace organization.
At the request of the
Board, he had agreed in
1955 to extend his service
two years beyond the Com-
pany's retirement age of 65.
Mr Mallory, a native of
Heppner, Oregon, had been
active in the maritime indus-
try for 47 years. He was
C. C. Mallory
with the United States Navy in World War I and returned
to civilian life in 1919 as assistant comptroller of the U.S.
Shipping Board in San Francisco.
He joined the Grace organization in 1921 as auditor
of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. and later aided the
formation of the Panama Mail Steamship Co., becoming
its Assistant General Manager and Treasurer. In 1930,
Cruising on the Santa Rosa are Mr. and Mrs. John F Lewicki and
Mr. and Mrs. David Forgie, all from North Caldwell, New Jersey.
he was made Vice President and General Manager of
Panama Mail and Vice President of Grace Line.
Mr. Mallory was transferred to New York in 1934, and
three years later was elected Treasurer of Grace Line.
He was named a Director in 1950, and in 1953 succeeded
the late R. Ranney Adams as President. He was chosen
Chairman of the Board in June, 1955.
During his varied management services, Mr Mallory
was directly concerned with many major Grace Line
enterprises. Among other contributions, he was influen-
tial in the design and construction of the express pas-
senger liners of the early 1930s-the "Santa Rosa,"
"Santa Paula," "Santa Lucia" and "Santa Elena"-and
the new "Santa Rosa" and "Santa Paula," now being
readied at Newport News, Virginia.
His activity in the maritime industry included the
organization and direction of the Office of Operating Cost
Control for the U S. War Shipping Administration in
World War II. Mr. Mallory has also been prominent in
the Propeller Club, the American Merchant Marine Insti-
tute and the Committee of American Steamship Lines.
He and his wife plan to live at Mountain Lake, Lake
Wales, Florida.
Mr. and Mrs. George E. Booth, Upper Marlboro, Md., and Mr. and
Mrs. Theodore B. Focke, Johnstown, Pa., on board the Santa Rosa.
Grace Ship Carries Fire Trucks
Increasing the firefight-
ing facilities of the
thriving port of Callao,
Peru, are two new 14-
ton fire trucks manu-
factured by Mack
Trucks, Inc., and re-
cently shipped to the
municipal government
there on Grace Line's
Santa Cecilia. One of
the trucks is shown (at
right) being loaded.
The chassis of the trucks were built by Mack at its
plant at Allentown, Pennsylvania, and were sent over
the road to the Mack plant at Sydney, Ohio, for equip-
On the Santa Rosa: Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop H. McGown, West
ment with fire-fighting apparatus. Then the trucks traveled
Boylston, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs. George G. Young, Philadelphia, Pa.
over the road to New York City for shipment overseas.
25
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Newsa Views
Cabot Awards Made to Three Journalists
EXPLAINS BUSINESS ROLE
THE 1957 MARIA MOORS CABOT AWARDS
on Latin American affairs, was cited
"THE PROFITABLE PARTNERSHIP", a
were recently presented to three out-
for his objectivity, resourcefulness and
publication of the United States Inter-
standing journalists of the Americas.
fairness in writing the news and for
American Council, is another in a
In addition, the Inter-American Press
his lifelong contribution to inter-
series of explanations that aim to show
Association was granted a plaque and
American friendship and understand-
U.S. and Latin American citizens the
its current and past presidents received
ing.
value and results of private enterprise
special citations.
Senhor Moses, one of the founders
capital in the Latin American repub-
Recipients of the 19th annual Cabot
of 0 Globo and President of the Bra-
lics.
prizes were Harry W Frantz, special
zilian Press Association since 1931,
The U.S.I.A.C., slightly younger
correspondent of the United Press For-
was praised for his many contributions
than its 26-year-old parent, the Inter-
eign Department, Washington, D.C.;
to the development of journalism in
American Council of Commerce and
Herbert Moses, Director and Treasurer
Brazil and toward closer relations
Production, bases its study on an ex-
of O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
among the Americas.
haustive survey by the U.S. Depart-
and Rene Silva Espejo, Assistant Edi-
A special citation was awarded to
ment of Commerce of the role of U.S.
tor of El Mercurio, Santiago, Chile.
Roberto Marinho, co-proprietor and
private enterprise in the economy of
Presentation of the awards was made
Director of 0 Globo.
Latin America. But it also includes per-
by Dr Grayson Kirk, President of Co-
Sr Silva was lauded for his vigor-
tinent examples from the actual experi-
lumbia University, at a convocation in
ous campaign against inflation in
ence of concerns engaged in various
Low Memorial Library
Chile and for his distinguished career
phases of commerce and production
Mr. Frantz, known as the "Dean" of
in the fields of journalism, education
and describes the resultant role of the
American correspondents specializing
and inter-American affairs.
service industries and other businesses
that complete the economic scene.
W R. Grace & Co. is among the ap-
proximately 125 U.S. manufacturing,
transportation, banking, communica-
tions and service concerns, associations
Left to right, at the
and individuals belonging to the U.S.
Cabot awards presenta-
I.A.C.
tion, are Dr. Grayson
Kirk, Herbert Moses,
"The Profitable Partnership" has
Rene Silva Espejo,
been printed in Spanish and Portu-
Harry W Frantz and
guese, as well as English. Individual
Dean Edward W. Bar-
copies may be obtained free from the
rett of the Columbia
United States Inter-American Council,
University Graduate
School of Journalism.
at its new address, 15 Park Row, New
York City 38. (Bulk copies are avail-
able at the cost of printing.)
Addresses N.F.T.C.
New Bar Foundation
Roy W Johns of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, a director of several oil and
WESTERN HEMISPHERE LAWYERS, meet-
pipeline companies operating in Latin
ing in Buenos Aires in the tenth con-
America, has been elected President of
ference of the Inter-American Bar
the new foundation. Dr Eduardo
Association, have set up an inter-
Augusto Garcia of Argentina, the new
American bar foundation that will aim
Chairman of the Council of the Organi-
for greater understanding among the
zation of American States, has been
lawyers of the 21 nations, each of
chosen Vice President.
which uses a different legal system.
The foundation's objectives would
Lic. Eduardo Prieto López, Presi-
dent of the Confederación de Cá-
include providing legal information to
maras Industriales of Mexico, was
the hemisphere's lawyers, establishing
the guest speaker at the Americas
scholarships and fellowships and co-
luncheon of the recent National
öperation with various committees that
Foreign Trade Convention in New
York City. He gave a Latin
would report on current developments
American view of the U. S. role
in the laws of each nation.
in Latin America's development.
26
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Coltejer Celebrates 50 Years
COLOMBIA'S LARGEST TEXTILE COMPANY,
installed in the last six years.
the Compañía Colombiana de Tejidos
As part of its expansion program,
S. A., popularly known as Coltejer, re-
Coltejer acquired after World War II
cently celebrated its 50th anniversary
the Manufacturas Sedeco S.A., now
Since its founding in Medellin, the
located in Itagui. This subsidiary
"Manchester of Colombia," in 1907 by
manufactures all types of textile goods
Don Alejandro Echavarria, this com-
from every kind of natural and syn-
pany has developed in a way that ex-
thetic fiber More recently, in 1957,
emplifies the dynamic growth of Latin
came the establishment of Coltehilos,
American private enterprise.
Colombia's newest spinning mill, a
Established with a capital of 1,000
subsidiary of Coltejer and Sedeco that
pesos, its total subscribed capital is
makes yarn for these entities and
now 70,000,000 pesos, with reserves in
other consumers and is about to start
excess of 55,000,000 pesos. It is owned
producing sewing thread.
by more than 20,000 stockholders,
Similar vision and imagination have
from all walks of life in Colombia,
been shown in industrial relations.
and employs 7,000 persons. Two hun-
Coltejer supports eight schools, with
dred thousand spindles operating day
close to 1,200 pupils. It has financed
and night in three plants with a total
construction of easily-purchased homes
area of almost 2,500,000 square feet
for its workers. Coltejer has also built
Don Carlos J. Echavarria, President
are further proof of the vision and
churches, it sponsors musical and
energy of Coltejer's succession of able
sport activities, and it operates restau-
ellin, Envigado and Itagui thrive muni-
managers. The current head of this
rants for its employees.
cipalities whose populations and stand-
vast industrial complex is Don Carlos
Coltejer's contribution to the econ-
ards of living are increasing at rates
J Echevarria, President since 1940.
omy of Colombia is tremendously sig-
unmatched in the country
From coal of its own production,
nificant. Of the 15,000 tons of cotton
THE GRACE LOG is happy for the
Coltejer generates 20,000 kilowatts of
consumed annually in its mills, a very
opportunity to pay tribute on behalf
electrical energy to power its mills.
substantial proportion is grown in
of the Grace organization, itself a par-
Exemplifying the acceleration of the
Colombia, and the textiles produced
ticipant in Colombia's textile industry,
pace of industrial development in
support in large part a prosperous
to this great enterprise, which is the
Latin America, and in Colombia in
clothing and fashion industry that sup-
legitimate pride of Colombia and a
particular, more than half of Coltejer's
plies the important Colombian market.
magnificent example of the vital en-
textile productive capacity has been
Around the company's mills in Med-
ergy of its people.
New O.A.S. Officials
RECENT MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL of
was unanimously chosen to be the
the Organization of American States
O.A.S. Secretary-General again. He will
have resulted in the elections of several
have a ten-year term in this post of
new officials and the reëlection of the
the 21-nation group. Dr Mora is the
Secretary-General.
third O.A.S. Secretary-General.
Dr Eduardo Augusto Garcia, Argen-
The new Assistant Secretary-General
tine Ambassador to the O.A.S., has
is Dr William Sanders, Special Assist-
been named Chairman of the Council,
ant to Under Secretary Christian A.
succeeding Dr Fernando Lobo, Am-
Herter of the U.S. Department of State.
bassador of Brazil to the United States.
Dr Sanders replaces Dr. William Man-
Lic. Gonzalo Facio, Ambassador of
ger of the U.S. who will retire in May
Costa Rica to the U.S., has been elect-
after having served 43 years in the
ed Vice Chairman, succeeding Ambas-
Pan American Union and the O.A.S.
sador José Luis Cruz Salazar of Guate-
mala.
Earlier in Council meetings at Wash-
New Chilean Pipeline
ington, Dr José Antonio Mora, former
Ambassador of Uruguay to the U.S.,
LATE 1958 is expected to see the oper-
ating start of a new Chilean pipeline,
running from the Concon refinery of
the Empresa Nacional de Petroleos
(Upper left) Dr. Fernando Lobo,
(ENAP) to Santiago. Capital in the
retiring Chairman, Council of the
O.A.S., and Dr. Eduardo Augusto
new constructing and operating com-
Garcia, the new Chairman. (Lower
pany, the Sociedad Nacional de Oleo-
left) Dr. William Sanders, new
ductos, will total 1.5 billion pesos, with
Assistant Secretary-General of the
48 percent held by the Compañía de
O.A.S., and Dr. José Antonio
Petroleos de Chile (COPEC) and 26
Mora, reëlected Secretary-General.
percent each by Esso Standard Oil
Company (Chile) S.A.C. and ENAP
27
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W.R.
NEWS OF
Grace
GRACE
&
CO.
New Silicon Firm
Bank Shares in Loan
INTERNATIONAL METALLOIDS, INC., has
QUARTERLY DIVIDEND
THE GRACE NATIONAL BANK is one of
been chosen as the name of the new
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS of
nine United States banks that have
firm organized by W R. Grace & Co.
and Pechiney, the big French chemical
W R. Grace & Co. on November
granted a line of credit to the Central
and metallurgical concern, to make
7th declared a regular quarterly
Bank of Argentine totaling $27,000,000
dividend of $0.60 per share on
for one year for dollar exchange pur-
ultra high-purity elemental silicon.
its Common Stock, payable on
poses.
The firm's plant, being built at Toa
December 10th to Stockholders
Carlos Coll Benegas, President of
Alto, 15 miles west of San Juan, Puerto
Rico, will have an annual capacity of
of record at the close of business,
the Banco de la Nacion, Argentina's
20,000 pounds of such silicon when it
November 18th.
largest bank, says the loan is the first
in more than 20 years that his country
goes into production in the first half
has made with private banks in the U.S.
of 1958. Ultra high-purity elemental
silicon is achieving wide use as a semi-
for industrial development. There is
conductor in transistors and rectifiers
availability of skilled professional and
-James R. Collins
for extremely sensitive electronic
industrial workers, a clean atmosphere
JAMES R. COLLINS, Vice President of
devices.
and ample electric power."
Grace & Co., Central America, died on
The Board of Directors of Interna-
International Metalloids, Inc., will
October 8th in Guatemala City, Guate-
tional Metalloids, Inc., has named the
employ about 80 persons, all of whom
mala, after a brief illness. He was 51
following to top executive positions:
will be Puerto Ricans except for several
years old.
Marlin G. Geiger, Executive Vice Presi-
French and continental United States
Mr Collins had lived in Guatemala
dent of Grace in charge of chemical
technical and management personnel.
for 20 years during which he had
divisions, to be President and Chair-
served the Grace organization in vari-
man of the Board of International
New Ecuador Plant
ous capacities. He was esteemed and
Metalloids, Inc.; Lewis C. Reid, for-
well known in all Central America, as
merly Industrial Chemical Sales Man-
W R. GRACE & CO. has initiated its
well as in his native San Francisco.
ager of Grace's Davison Chemical Com-
first industrial venture in Ecuador with
Through the courtesy of Ambassador
pany Division, to be Vice President,
the opening of a new paint plant in
and Mrs. Edward J Sparks, Mr.
and Samuel C. Streep, formerly Senior
Guayaquil.
Collins' body reposed in the residence
Development Engineer of Davison, to
Full production of a complete line of
of the United States Embassy, where
be Vice President and General Man-
paints that is designed to take care of
hundreds of mourners paid their last
ager On the Board of Directors, in
the needs of the Ecuadorean economy
respects. Colleagues from Grace &
addition to Mr Geiger and Mr Reid,
was begun in October.
Co.'s Guatemala office kept vigil dur-
are Dr Charles E. Waring, William E.
The Glidden Company of Cleveland,
ing the night of October 8th and the
McGuirk, Jr., Jean M. H. Grolee,
Ohio, has a one-third equity in the
following day A majority of the prom-
Sylvan Gotshal and Charles A. Roy
company, Pinturas Ecuatorianas S. A.,
inent citizens of Guatemala attended a
In thanking the Economic Develop-
and is providing technical know-how
service on October 9th at the Church
ment Administration of Puerto Rico
Previously Grace sold Glidden's paints
of the Beatas de Belen.
and the Puerto Rico Industrial Develop-
in Ecuador on an imported basis.
Burial was in San Francisco, follow-
ment Co. for their help in securing the
The plant is located in a new build-
ing a Solemn High Requiem Mass that
plant location, Mr Geiger said: "In
ing and contains the most modern
was celebrated by Bishop Hugh Dona-
Puerto Rico we find a favorable climate
equipment.
hue of San Francisco and attended by
Bishop James J Sweeney of Honolulu.
Mr Collins joined the San Francisco
office of W R. Grace & Co. in 1925 as
office boy He was successively order
England's Queen Eliza-
clerk, documentation clerk and Grace
beth II stands by a self-
Line traffic representative before go-
service counter of CRY-
ing to Guatemala City in 1937 as a
OVAC-wrapped poultry on
merchandise salesman for Grace & Co.,
a surprise tour of a
supermarket at Queens-
Central America. One year later he
town, Maryland, near
became sub-manager, and in 1944 took
Washington, D. C., on
on additional duties as assistant to the
her recent U.S. visit.
Vice President. In 1947 he was named
General Manager of Central America
operations, including the subsidiaries
in Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua
and Costa Rica. He was named Vice
President in 1953.
28
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
HEAT RESISTANCE
FROZEN FOODS
PREVENT
PREMATURE
COLD RESISTANCE
STRENGTH
BREAKDOWN!
ACID
VAPOR BARRIER
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Improve quality and performance
withGREX
Minimize the danger of premature product breakdown
freeze it without brittleness.
upgrade quality and performance! Always specify
GREX is unaffected by most acids and chemicals and
GREX, the new high density polyethylene! GREX offers
efficiently resists moisture vapor transmission. You can
you a combination of properties far superior to those
shape it into most delicate designs, yet it stays strong
found in most plastics used today, yet cost is low
and rigid in thin sections.
GREX gives you exceptional impact and tensile strength,
Look into the many ways GREX versatility and quality
that assure long service and hard wear High heat and
can help you overcome the breakdown problem!
cold resistance lets you boil GREX without distortion
*TRADEMARK FOR W. R. GRACE & CO.'S POLYOLEFINS
W.R. GRACE & CO.
POLYMER CHEMICALS
DIVISION
Plant
Offices
Baton Rouge, La.
GRACE
Clifton, N.J.
& CO
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
CREATIVE INVESTMENT
at home and abroad
W.R.
GRACE
& CO.
Symbol of Service Throughout the World
How W. R. Grace & Co. is participating in the
development of basic industries in 23 countries.
The diversified interests of W R. Grace & Co. involve many indus-
W R. GRACE & CO., backed by more
than a century of experience in business
tries in many countries. Active in chemicals and international
and industry, continues to move ahead
-in chemical processing and manufac-
industry, trade and transportation, the 103-year-old Grace organization
turing
in basic industries throughout
Latin America in world trade, trans-
conducts operations in the United States, Latin America, Canada,
portation and finance.
Europe, and Australia.
CRYOVAC COMPANY DIVISION
DAVISON CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION
Diversified both industrially and geographically, these far-flung
DEWEY AND ALMY CHEMICAL COMPANY
DIVISION
Grace enterprises have in common an aggressive, forward-looking
DEWEY AND ALMY OVERSEAS COMPANY
policy of management. Through local production for local consump-
DIVISION
FOSTER AND KLEISER COMPANY
tion, Grace capital and know-how participate in basic national
DIVISION
GRACE CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION
industries that expand with the economic development of the country
GRACE LINE INC.
GRACE NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK
In 23 countries Grace subsidiaries and affiliates are sharing in
GRACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
the growth of such industries as chemicals, transportation, paper,
DIVISION
LATIN AMERICAN PAPER AND CHEMICAL
paints, textiles, merchandising, mining and foodstuffs.
GROUP
PACIFIC COAST DIVISION
By plowing back earnings, investing new money and moving into
POLYMER CHEMICALS DIVISION
SOUTH AMERICAN GROUP
countries where it has not been active previously, Grace is rapidly
expanding in creative investments basic to national economic
development both at home and abroad.
W. R. GRACE & CO.
Executive Offices: 7 Hanover Square, New York 5
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
Picture yourself in a comfortable deck chair on a romantic Grace Line Cruise.
Basking in the Caribbean sunshine, you'll know this is the vacation
CARIBBEAN
of your dreams. You'll meet new friends enjoy delicious meals
swim in a king-size, outdoor tiled pool. Every room is outside, each with
private bath. The "Santa Rosa" or "Santa Paula" sails from New York every
SOUTH AMERICA
Friday on a 12-Day Cruise visiting Aruba and Curacao in the Netherlands
West Indies and La Guaira, Caracas and Cartagena in South America.
CRUISES
Also Casual Cruises of approximately 18 days, weekly from New York.
For colorfully illustrated literature see your Travel Agent.
GRACE LINE
Dept. NY-9, 3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N.Y
Regular frequent American flag þassenger and freight services between the Americas
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
CRYOVAC'S advertising
in November issues of
BETTER HOMES &
GARDENS and SUNSET
and in the November 25
issue of LIFE featured
frozen turkey.
This is one of the oldest ap-
plications for CRYOVAC bags
CRVOVAC
PACKAGING
and because of the unusually
fine protection it provided
for frozen turkeys, CRYOVAC
helped to bring about this
revolutionary development in
poultry marketing. Now bet-
It's frozen holiday turkey
ter than 85 percent of all
with a tender new farm-freshness
frozen turkeys are packaged
because it's vacuum-sealed in CRYOVAC!
in CRYOVAC bags.
It's probably been years since you've enjoyed the wonderful flavor
of farm-fresh turkey But now you can recapture that tender, fresh-
It's quite probable that the
dressed taste in frozen turkey thanks to a new protective vacuum
package called CRYOVAC. This airtight, moisture-proof "second skin"
bird which graces your table
has made a revolutionary improvement in poultry flavor
by
this Thanksgiving and Christ-
sealing out air, sealing in natural juices. CRYOVAC stops drying out
and "freezer burn" keeps turkey fresh and tender until the bird is
mas will have come to your
on your table!
house in this remarkable vac-
Here's how CRYOVAC packaging
is . done first, the bird is placed in
CRYOVAC
uum-sealed plastic package.
a special, airtight, moisture-proof
bag. Then-all flavor-stealing air
is vacuumed out, the bag is sealed
THE CRYOVAC COMPANY
and shrunk to fit like a transparent
Division of
"second-skin" It protects the con-
GRACE
W.R. Grace & Co.
& CO.
Cambridge 40, Mass.
tents until you break the seal.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
April 7, 1960
Shanks, Carrol
Personal
Dear Mr. Shanks:
The loan which your company made recently to the
Republic of Mexico has just come to my attention and I
want to get this note off to tell you that I consider it to be
an historic move in this field.
Mexico x
As you know, I have long advocated the increasing
use of private enterprise capital in the economic struggle
in which we are engaged. Only from this source, rather than
Government, can the great amount necessary be procured
X folder (make new one)
and, even more important, the use of private money constitutes
file folder John D. J. Moore
a practical demonstration of the political and economic ideas
in which we believe. This statesmanlike precedent which you
have set may well open great new sources of capital for
countries abroad who are fighting to raise their standards,
and in their minds will associate success with our way of
life.
With every best wishes,
Sincerely,
REC:ds
Richard Nixon
Mr. Carrol Shanks, President
Prudential Insurance Company of America
Prudential Plaza
Box 594
le
Newark 1, New Jersey
bcc: Mr. John D. J. Moore
M
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
JOHN D. J. MOORE
OK?
7 HANOVER SQUARE
NEW YORK 5, N.Y.
ys
Juy
March 30, 1960
egg
The Honorable Richard N. Nixon
Vice President of the United States
B
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Vice President:
This seems to be my season for barraging you
with mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well
worth a line
Practically nobody seems to have paid any public
attention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to
U.S private capital taking part in the development of Latin America
in many years.
As you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance
Company has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial
development and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a
rate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by
Latin American standards.
Today I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the
president of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has
not been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking
move to carry out the objectives which have been voiced so many
times by the President of the United States, by you and many others
including Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace
organization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold
to suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action
would have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment
community to step into this great field.
In any event this is a move in the direction which
you have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at-
tention I thought I would mention it to you.
yes means With Ristoria best regards, may well Sincerely met yours, sources open for equital abroad quet l
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960.
Prudential Insurance Grants
$100,000,000 Loan to Mexico
Special to The New York Times.
MEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long.
term loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu-
tion was announced here today. It consists of an advance
of $100,000,000 by the Pru-
dential Insurance Company
of America to Nacional Fi-
nanciera, a financing agency
of the Mexican Government.
The loan will run fifteen
years and will bear 6% per cent
interest. It will be subject to
retirement during the last ten
years of the term.
The insurance company did
not require the borrowing agen-
cy to specify any special pur-
pose for which the money was
to be spent. Nacional Finan-
ciera said that the loan would
be used to develop Mexico's
basic industries and to expand
public improvement projects
now in progress.
Nacional Financiera expressed
the hope that the credit granted
by Prudential, one of the larg-
est life insurance companies in
the United States, would stimu-
late other foreign private lend-
ing interests to put capital to
work in Mexico.
Offers Considered
The Mexican National Hous-
ing Institute is considering
"several" offers of private
capital from the United States
to help finance Mexico's giant
low-cost housing program, ac-
cording to Luis Quintanilla,
director. Until a decision is
reached and contracts are
signed he declined to name the
interests with which he was
negotiating.
Along with United States of-
fers are several from Europe
and Mexico. "We are constantly
receiving proposals and are
constantly considering them to
see if they fit into our plans,"
Señor Quintanilla said. "What
we need is a very reasonable
rate of interest because of the
necessary long-term fifteen
years-of our loan. We are
seeking private capital because
no Government funds are avail-
able on the scale we need."
The first phase of Señor
Quintanilla's program calls for
spending $10,000,000 this year
for the purchase of land and
the construction of 1,000 apart-
ment units in Mexico City and
2,500 houses in seven cities. A
typical three-bedroom house is
designed to sell for $960, pay-
able over as long as fifteen
years.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
COPY
January 6, 1958
Dear Mr. Moore:
This is just a note to thank you for your
X - International Affairs = Foreign Trade
X @ Grace, W. R. & Co. - folder
Moore, John D. J. - folder
thoughtfulness in sending me a copy of the memorandum
prepared by the First National City Bank and the W. R.
Grace Company.
It was most helpful to have such a well con-
sidered and articulate statement on the subject of the
policies necessary for the most effective development
of American investment abroad and I appreciate your
interest in sending this to me.
With every good wish for the New Year,
Sincerely,
RN
1/6/58 CMc
Richard Nixon
Iss
Vice President
in
CMc W/amk
Mr. John D. J. Moore
W. R. Grace & Co.
7 Hanover Square
New York 5, New York
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
W R GRACE & CO
7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.
December 23, 1957
Mr. James D. Hughes
Office of the Vice President
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hughes:
It was good of you to telephone me today. Mr. Grace
and Mr. George S. Moore, Executive Vice President of The First
National City Bank of New York, understood perfectly the heavy
I
schedule of the Vice President.
The subject which they hope to discuss is summarized
in the attached Memorandum which they would appreciate your
drawing to the attention of the Vice President. It represents
the joint thinking of The First National City Bank and the
Grace organization as well as, I believe, the vast majority of
American businessmen interested in business abroad.
The Vice President made a tremendous impression at
San Francisco, and we are hoping that he will speak out as often
as possible on this important subject. If some thinking along
these lines should be expressed in the Economic Message, it
would be a dramatic boost for this sound move.
I greatly appreciate your assistance in this regard,
and look forward to meeting you on my next visit to Washington.
With the best wishes of the season,
Sincerely,
D.yMoore
John D. J. Moore
Vice President
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
MEMORANDUM
It has long been recognized that essential to the strength of the Free
World that healthy economies and greater industrial capacities should be encouraged
in the developing nations. Only by sound economic growth can these nations raise
their living standards as a deterrent to international Communism and strengthen
their contribution to mutual defense.
In this great task it is obvious that a greater outflow of United States
private investment is necessary to support the essential capital needs of these
countries whose populations are growing at an explosive rate. Public credit, both
from the United States Government and from international agencies, of course, plays
a vital role, but the real job can be accomplished only through a healthy flow of
private investment.
Can we say that our policy toward investment abroad of United States private
capital has sufficiently encouraged such an outflow? The facts and figures of the
case answer in the negative. Our present tax laws not only do not encourage essen-
tial private investment overseas, but actually discourage it.
For example, when a foreign branch of an American company shows a profit
for a particular year, our present law requires the parent company or head office
in the United States to pay United States income taxes on that profit for that year.
This tax is payable regardless of whether or not the United States company left
that profit in the foreign area for purposes of expansion or other sound business
reasons. Profit so left abroad may never actually be realized by the company in
the United States because they remain subject to the potential losses, inherent in
the foreign field, of currency devaluation or exchange and transfer limitations.
This frequently results in imposing upon United States overseas operations a
heavier tax burden than is borne by domestic operations. We feel sure that this
has never been the actual intent of Congress, as indicated by its establishment of
the Western Hemisphere Trade Corporations to enoourage overseas investment in Latin
America.
Many legislative and business leaders recognize this problem. Vice
President Nixon's recommendations, which he outlined at the recent San Francisco
International Industrial Development Conference, would cover this situation
satisfactorily. It is to be hoped that they will become law in the forthcoming
Congress. They were as follows:
(a) That branches of American business abroad receive the same
tax consideration as subsidiaries thereof;
(b) That profits or dividends earned by overseas branches or sub-
sidiaries not be taxable until remitted to the United States
parent company or head office;
(c) That the 14-point tax rate differential accruing to Western
Hemisphere Trade Corporations be extended and be applicable to
all foreign branches or subsidiaries of American business.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library
#1
December 12, 1957
MEMORANDUM
file
TO:
Don Hughes
FROM:
rmw
RE:
Appointment request of John Moore and
George Moore
John Moore called today and said that now
the President of W. R. Grace and Co., Mr. Peter Grace would
like to come in with George Moore to see the Vice President.
Mr. Grace is in South America and will be
back before Christmas. They would like to have an appointment
to come in and see the Boss on the afternoon of December 23rd
if possible.
Because Peter Grace is now involved, I would
imagine RN would at least give this one every consideration.
Whatever the answer is they would like us to
let Frip Flannigan (their Washington representative) know as soon
as possible. Frip's number is -- NAtional 8-6424.
Called on 18 hlue.
Said no dice for 23ᵈ
no further committent made.
Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library