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JGR/Asbestos Legislation (3 of 3)
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Roberts, John G.: Files
Folder Title: JGR/Asbestos Legislation (3)
Box: 4
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34 Box 4 - JGR/Asbestos Legislation (3) - Roberts, John G.: Files
SERIES I: Subject File
3rP=
TH/YRS
37-3273-(8-5-Da)
13 SEP1933
Centlement-
Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of September
5,1933, in ansust to the Bursan's latter of August 31, 1933.
The Burezu's records show that your INDURO brand of
High Temperature insulation has a deasity 6/26/24 pounde per
cuble foot and & moisture content of 0.91, indicating that in
this respect you can acuply with a maximum density of BY pounds
per cubie fost, which 12 now under consideration. The Bursea
would be pleased to be able to obtain a suitable high tempera-
taxe insulation having 2 maximum density of 10 peunds per Ott-
bio foot.
The material covered by Specification 38PE has appa-
rently been satisfactory for temperatures horstofere enocunter
ed, namely, not in of 600°F. It is now proposed to in-
crease the steam temperature up to 850'F. To provide satisfac-
tory living conditions in confined spaces thicker insulation
will have to be used for temperatures пр to 850°F.
Test data to date indisates that insulation materials
of low weight per cubin foot are more efficient from a tempers-
ture drop standpoint then those of high weight. It W&E this
fact which led the Bursau to ect the maximum limit of as pounds
at & basis for discussion and not by reason of any suggestion
orally or otherwise by may manufacturer of this acterial.
5141 respect to the Change in thicknesses, this 10-
formation san a manufacturer's catalogue and FRE
Losumed to be standard practice of All of the manufacturertauf
this material, To varify this a Inter sinilar to that cont to
you was sent to each known manufacturer of this material.
In your letter of September 3th, 1935, you say that
these thicknesses are standard only to Johns Hanvills Inc. but
you so not offer any information as to your own standard from
which it is assumed that your standards are those shown in pres-
ont Specification 32PS.
-2-
is explained above these thicknesses are to be change
ed toprovide pips covering suitable for pipe temperatures of
850°F. Your ENDURS brand of high temperature pipe covering
when tested on a 3 inch pips with insulation thickness of 8
inches gives a surface temperature of approximately 117°F. with
a TOAN temperature of approximately 82°F. A thickness of 2-1/8
inches as Now provided will show & much higher surface tespers-
ture and 117°F. is as much as can be tolerated.
The Bureau vill be pleased to receive your recommen-
dations for a combination pipe covering for temperatures of
950°F. The thickness of the inner layer of high temperature
insulation and the outer layer of 85% magnesia should be stated
for each pipe size 1 inch to 18 inches.
Im conclusion the Bureau wishes to assure you that
11 does not prepare specifications in the interest of any name-
facturing source. All changes in specification are diotated by
necessities of the Naval service and are made after careful con-
sideration.
Respectfully,
By 8, Mildulte direction
Ehret Magnesia Manufacturing Co.,
Valley Forge,
PM.
TITLE 32 - NATIONAL DEFENSE
EXHIBIT
A
CHAPTER IX - OFFICE OF PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Subchapter B - PRIORITIES DIVISION
Part 1064 ASBESTOS
IIIC
TION ORDER NO. M-79 CURTAILING THE USE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF ASBESTOS
ational defense requirements have created a shortage of certain types of asbestos for the combined
a, private account, and export; and the supply BOW is and will be insufficient for defense and es-
a requirements unless their use is certain products manufactured for civilian use is curtailed; and
in the public interest, to promote the defense of the United States, to conserve the supply and
ribution thereof:
FORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
trictions OR the Use of Certain Types of Asbestos
Usless otherwise specifically authorised by the Director of Priorities, after February 1, 1942,
so person shall fabricate, spin, or process in any other way ambestos fibre imported from South
Africa except where such fabrication, spinning or processing is necessary to fill Defense Orders
as defined is Priorities Regulation No. 1, as amended from time to time.
Is addition to the above limitation, unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Director of
Priorities, after February 1, 1941, ao person shall fabricate, spin or process is any other way:
(1) Chrysotile asbestos fibre (Rhodesian) Grade c and G-1 and 3 except where such fabrication,
spinning or processing is Recessary to fill Defense Orders for:
(a) core revings to meet Havy specification Number 17-I-29 (INT); (Issulation, electrical,
asbestos fibre, treated and untreated, dated October 1, 1941, or as same may be amended.)
(b) tapes and cloth which are required by specification to be of a non-ferrous nature;
(c) non-ferrous lapps.
(ii) Amosite asbestos fibre (Grade B-1 or amosite asbestos buving a fibre length equivalent to
that of Grade B-1) except where such fabricating, spissing or processing is necessary to fill
Defense Orders for Amosite wover felt blankets and matiresses for turbine insulation for use
or naval and maritime ships.
(111) Amosite asbestos fibre (Grade B-3, D-3 or amosite asbestos having a fibre length equivalent
to that of Grade B-8 or D-31 except where such fabricating, spinning or processing is seces-
sary to fill Defease Orders for:
(a) Voves felt blankets and mattresses and fittings for turbine insulation for use on naval
and maritime ships;
(b) Fire proof board;
(c) Sprayed Amosite;
(d) Eighty-five per cost magnesia pipe covering and blocks;
(e) Molded Amosite pipe covering and blocks;
(f) Flexible amosite pipe issulations.
(g) Dry pack insulation.
)
In addition to the above limitations unless otherwise specifically authorised by the Director of
Priorities, after February 1, 1942, no person shall install eighty-five per cent magnesia or other
high temperature pipe covering except is installations where temperatures of 100° Fahrenheit or
over occur.
ports.
, Any person who massfactures or processes asbestos fibre shall, OR or before the 10th day of Feb-
ruary, 1942, and os or before the 10th day of each calendar month thereafter, file with the 01-
fice of Production Management, Ref: M-79, all of be information required by Forms PD-251 and
PD-252, whichever is applicable.
In addition, any person who manufactures or processes asbestos fibre shall, when requested, file
with the Office of Production Management, Ref: M-79, all the information required by Form PD-253.
clibitions against Sales or Deliveries, No person sball hereafter sell or deliver asbestos fibre to
y person If he knows, or has reason to believe, such material is to be used is violation of the terms
this Order.
mitation of Investories. No massfacturer shall receive delivery of ambestos fibre or products there-
10 the form of raw materials, semi-processed materials, finished parts or sub-assemblies, sor shall
put isto process any raw material, is quastities which in either case shall result in an inventory
such raw-semi-processed or finished material in excess of a minimum practicable working inventory,
king into consideration the limitations placed upon the production of ambestos fibre products by this
der.
acellaneous Provisions.
I Applicability of Priorities Regulation No. L This Order and all transactions affected thereby are
subject to the provisions of Priorities Regulation No. 1, (Part 946) as amended from time 10 time,
except to the extent that any provision hereof may be inconsistent therewith, is which CASE. the
provisions of this Order shall govers.
20511
-1-
loyment which would be unreamonably disproportionate compared with the amount of nn-
exceptional and mareasonable hardship upon him or that it would result in a degree of work
+al. Any person affected by this Order who considers that compliance therewith would
re sion conserved, or that compliance with this Order would disrupt or impair a asbestos of
1, M-79, setting forth the partinent facts and the reason he considers be Manage-
Ref: from non-defense work to defense work, may appeal to the Office of Production program con-
relief. The Director of Priorities may therespos take such action as be deems appropriate. is entitled
icles use of material is all articles hereafter masufactured irrespective of whether
The licability of Order. The prohibitions and restrictions contained in this Order shall apply
101, are mannfactured pursuant to a contract made prior or subsequest to the effective such date
181 than hereis of Priorities may have the effect of limiting or curtailing any to
of the or Director pursuant to a contract supported by a preference rating. Insofar as other Or-
itations provided, the use of asbestos fibre is the production of any article, a greater the
I
of such other Order shall be observed.
respondence ioss and Communication. All reports required to be filed herenader, and all common-
concerning this Order, shall, unless otherwise directed, be addressed to:
"Office of Production Management,
Yankington, D. C. Ref: M-79"
mission ations. falsifies Any Person who wilfally violates any provision of this Order, or who by Act
be probibited from records to be kept or information to be furnished persuant to this any
further action receiving farther deliveries of any Material subject to allocation, Order, and
tion under Section may 35 be A takes of the as Criminal is deemed Code appropriate, 118 U.S.C. including a 801. recommendation for pro-
crive ked. Date. This Order shall take effect inmediately and shall continue in effect until
(P.D. Reg. 1, Amended, Dec. 13, 1941, 6 P.R. 6680; O. P.M.
Reg. 3 Amended, Sept. 2, 1941, 6 F.R. 4865; B.O. 8629,
Jas. 7, 1941, 6 F.R. 191; B.O. 8875, Aug. 18, 1941, 6
P.R. 4483; sec. 2(a), Public No. 671, 76th Congress,
Third Sension, as amended by Public No. 89, 77th Con-
gress, First Session).
ed this 10th day of January, 1942.
J. S. Inowlson
Acting Director of Priorities
20611
53A
RAW MATERIALS DATA SHEET
Prepared for the
ANALYSIS AND REPORTS DIVISION, OFFICE OF IMPORTS
BOARD OF ECONOMIC WARFARE
by the
BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE
IVB/.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
CONFIDENT
COMMODITY
Unit:
Short ton
Information
Indicated
by
Asbestos (Crude)
Conversion Factor:
Canadian and African Critical Grades
1. DESCRIPTION, GRADES:
Description: "Asbestos" is & commercial term applied to fibrous varieties of several minerals differ-
ing widely in composition, the fibre being diverse in strength, flexibility, and consequent usefulness. The
three varieties of asbestos in greatest use commercially are: (a) Chrysctile, a highly fibrous material IN-
ployed in the manufacture of asbastos textiles, compressed sheet packings, asbastos-cement materials, and
other asbestos products; (b) Amosite, a coarse, long, resilient fibre used principally for insulations;
(o) Crocidolite (Blue), a fibre with high tensile strength used mainly in asbestos-cement pipe and also, be-
"cause of its acid-resistant qualities, in certain packings. Chrysotile comprises the major portion of the
world production and consumption of both long and short fibres.
The United States produces only about 21 percent of its present required supplies of ambestos. Domes-
tie production is chiefly chrysctile, mined principally in Vermont and Arizona. The Versont fibre is short
and is comparable to short Canadian fibres. Arizona production includes some long fibres which can be sub-
stituted for low iron imported types. Canada accounted for about 86 percent of all asbestos imported in
1942. Imports from Canada are chrysotile and now average 8 percent crudes and spinning or textile fibres,
the remainder being shorter, nonspinnable fibres. The supplies of these short fibres are adequate. The na-
jor source of imports other than Canada is South Africa, which produces blue, amonite, and the bulk of the
critical grades of low iron chrysotile.
Critical Grades: African fibres (chrysotile Grades CA 0 1, 2, 3, and 4; amosite B-1, B-3, or D-3,
3/DN-1 and M-1; and blue asbestos) are essential for direct and indirect military use and cannot be replaced
to any great extent by the spinning grades of Canadian fibre, the supply of which also is limited. African
chrysotile grades, chiefly from Rhodesia, have relatively low iron content and are required to meet Mavy
specifications for exsential types of electrical insulation. Amosite, found only in the Union of South
Africa, is assential for the manufacture of certain types of insulation for the Mavy and the U. 8. Waritime
Commission. Blue asbestos is produced principally in the Union of South Africa, although come of inferior
quality is found in the Transvaal. The blue is used because of its high tensile strength in asbestos-cament
pipes and also, owing to its acid-resistant qualities, :in packings, filter cloths, etc. Canadian spinning
fibree represent the three highest groups of Canadian chrysotile, and are used principally in the manufac-
ture of asbestos textiles.
2. BASIC STATISTICS:
1042 U. 8. SITUATION*
CANADIAN AND AFRICAN PRODUCTION, 1942*
Consumption*
Supplies
& of
Country
Amount
total
Military
Stocks 1/1/42
23,475
Civilian
52,345
U. 8. prod
None
South Africa
31,000
25.4
Exports
Imports
54,008
Southern Rhodesia
66,000
46.9
African
26,401.
Total req
Canada'
52,346
35,000
28.7
Canadian
27,637
Total
122,000
100.0
Total sup
77,513
"Estimated.
Gov't stockpile:
Industry stocks:
Represents production of critical grades of crude of a
1/1/43
692
1/1/40
25,311
total production of 397,378 toss of crude of all grades.
Objective
None
Wilitary and Civilian requirements for crude asbestos are soyligible. Require-
mests are for massfactured products for which a breakdows is not available.
Consumption of Ifrican grade was 25,510; Casadian grade 26,735.
0. 8. IMPORTS
U. S. EXPORTS, 1042*
1937-39
Source
$ of
1942*
$ of
average
total
total
Exports of Canadian and African grades
of asbestos are not shown separately.
Africa'
8,620
40.1
26,401
48.9
Canada
12,880
59.9
27,637
01.1
Total
21,500
100.0
100.0
U. 5. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
54,038
1937-39
Schedule & Most $500.0; $300.1: $501.0.
1941
1942*
average
Rhodesis and Daice of Soath Africa.
Production
None
None
None
Consumption
n.a.
n.a.
52,345
2-11181
(Continued on other side)
April 22, 1943
DECLASSIFIED
Authority L.JONES COMMERCE GUIDANCE 8/7/83
BY
NARA, Date 8/9/05
Asbestos (Crude), Canadian and African Critical Grades-Continued
3. USES, SUBSTITUTES, RESTRICTIONS:
Uses: The white, highly fibrous, chrysotile from Canada and Southern Rhodesia is used in the pro-
duction of textiles (including brake linings and clutch facings) and certain grades of building materials.
The brownish gray coarse fibred amosite from the Union of South Africa is used in the production or
ships. fireproof board, high temperature insulation, pipe covering, blankets for insulating turbines on combat
ter cloth, asbestos cement and pipe, because of its resistance to acids.
The blue crocidolite from the Union of South Africa is used in the production of acid packings, fil-
Substitutes: There is no generally acceptable substitute for asbestos in specific applications where
resistance to heat, electricity, acid erosion are prime considerations.
Mineral wool, glass wool and the shorter fibres have been utilized for insulation in some instances
in lieu of the critical grades. Asbestos is, however, being used in the war program as a substitute for
other materials, e. 8., asbestos pipe is being used in some applications in lieu of cast iron and steel
pipe. Short fibre in some instances 16 being used as a substitute for critical grades of long fibre.
Restrictions: Conservation Order N-79, as amended June 18, 1942, restricts the use of fibre from
South Africa to priority rated orders and confines certain grades and types to specific uses. Asbestos
Conservation Order M-123, as amended December 14, 1942, prohibits the use or delivery of asbestos tex-
from the Union of South Africa and Rhodesia was placed under General Imports Order W-63, January 13, 1942.
tiles textiles. for certain nonessential uses. Conservation Order M-283 provides for the allocation of asbestos
4. PRICES AND STOWAGE:
Prices (March 18, 1943):
Canadian grades:
Crude No. 1
$650-$760
Crude No. 2 and sundry crudes. $165-$385
Spinning fibres
$124-$233
Per ton, f.o.b. Quebec Wines, tax and bags included (Quotations in U. S. funds).:
African grades:
Crocidolite crudes
$105-$138
Amonite orudes
$100-$122
Rhodesian chrysotile
$ 75-$285
Per ton, f.o.b. African port:
Stowage: Crude asbestos is packed in cloth bags with no inner liner; gross weight 101 pounds, tare
of pound. Cubic measurement, 1.8 cubic feet; stowage factor 34. Some grades occupy 3.4 cubic feet bag one
99 pounds gross weight and have stowage factor of 78. Stowage factors for crude asbestos from per Africa
vary from 78 to 90 depending upon the degree of fibre concentration from crude rock.
5. SPECIAL PROBLEMS:
problem is that of maintaining uninterrupted imports from Rhodesia and Union of South Africa.
Since only African varieties of asbestos satisfy certain critical military requirements, the essential
Further. references: "Asbestos-Critical Grades" in "Commodity Chart Book." W.P.B. Statistics Division,
Materials Branch.
U. S. Tariff Commission has studies on Asbestos.
2-11181
FEDERAL REGISTER, Saturday, August 30, 10:1
$0.50
akum, $0.85; Young, $0.03; Za-
officers shall report to the Governor for
pata, su.83; and Zavala, $0.80.
(b) "Defense Order" means:
duty at State Headquarters.
Wisconsin: Adams, $0.88; Ashland,
b. In emergencies, State medical om-
(1) Any contract or order for material
$1.00; Barron, $1.20; Bayfield, $1.19;
cers may either assist examining phy-
or equipment to bc delivered to, or for the
Brown, $1.32; Buffalo, $1.33; Burnett,
sicians in conducting physical examina-
account of:
$1.00; Calumet, $1.42; Chippewa, $1.22;
tions of registrants or may themselves
Clark, $1.25; Columbia, $1.27: Crawford,
(i) The Army or Navy of the United
perform such examinations in place of
$1.33; Dane, $1.37: Dodge, $1.50; Door,
States, the United States Maritime Com-
the examining physicians; in the latter
$1.13; Douglas, $1.22; Dunn, $1.25; Eau
mission. the Panama Canal, the Coast
event, the State medical officers shall
Claire, $1.26; Florence, $1.03; Fond Du
and Geodetic Survcy, the Coast Guard,
sign the Reports of Physical Examina-
Lac, $1.42; Forest, $1.13; Grant. $1.41;
the Civil Aeronautics Authority. the Na-
tion (Form 200).
tional Advisory Commission for Acronau-
Green. $1.40; Green Lake, $1.32: Iowa,
$1.36; Iron, $1.13; Jackson, $1.21; Jeffer-
LEWIS B. HERSHEY,
tics. the Office of Scientific Research and
son. $1.46; Juneau, $1.13; Kenosha. $1.41;
Director.
Development;
Kewaunce, $1.25; La Crosse, $1.38; La-
AUGUST 28, 1941.
(il) The government of any of the fol-
ayette, $1.36; Langlade, $1.20; Lincoln,
lowing countries: The United Kingdom,
(F. R. Doc. 41-6491: Flled, August 28, 1941;
1.14; Manitowoc, $1.43: Marathon,
Canada and other Dominions, Crown
4:17 p. m.)
:1.18; Marinette, $1.08: Marquette, $1.04;
Colonics and Protectorates of the British
Milwaukee, $1.46; Monroe, $1.31; Oconto,
Empire, Belgium, China, Greece, The
1.14; Oneida, $1.05; Outagamic, $1.35;
Kingdom of the Netherlands, Norway,
[No. 27]
)zaukec, $1.45; Pepin, $1.30; Pierce,
Poland. Russia and Yugeslavia.
:1.32; Polk, $1.23; Portage, $1.03; Price,
ORDER PRESCRIBING FORMS
(2) Any contract or order placed by
1.14; Racine, $1.48; Richland, $1.33;
By virtue of the Selective Training and
any agency of the United States Govern-
Rock. $1.36: Rusk, $1.24; St. Croix, $1.30;
Service Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 885) and the
ment for material or equipment to be
Sauk, $1.26; Sawyer, $1.11; Shawano,
authority vested in me by the rules and
delivered to, or for the account of. the
1.25; Sheboygan, $1.44; Taylor, $1.23;
regulations prescribed by the President
government of any country listed above.
Trempealeau. $1.27; Vernon, $1.33; Vilas,
thereunder, and more particularly the
or any other country, Including those in
1.04: Walworth, $1.40; Washburn, $1.09;
provisions of Paragraph 163 and Appen-
the Western Hemisphere, pursuant to
Vashington, $1.47: Waukesha, $1.43;
dix A to Volume One' of the Selective
the Act of March 11. 1941, entitled "An
Vaupaca. $1.29; Waushara, $1.02; Win-
Service Regulations, I hereby prescribe
Act to Promote the Defense of the United
ebago, $1.38; and Wood, $1.15.
the following changes in DSS forms:
States," (Lend-Lease Act).
Wyoming: Campbell, $0.61; Converse,
Revision of DSS Form 21. entitled
(3) Any other contract or order to
0.61; Crook, $0.77; Goshen. $0.74; John-
"Oath of Office," by combining it with
which the Director of Priorities assigns
on. $0.86; Laramie, $0.56; Niobara,
and eliminating DSS Form 257, entitled
a preference rating of A-10 or higher.
0.55; Platte. $0.73; Sheridan, $0.93; and
"Waiver of Pay." effective fifteen (15)
(4) Any contract or order for material
Veston, $0.79.
days after the filing hereof with the Di-
or equipment required by the Person
Done at Washington. D. C., this 23th
vision of the Federal Register. The sup-
placing the same to fulfill his contracts
ay of August. 1941. Witness my hand
ply of original DSS Form 21 and DES
or orders on hand. provided such mate-
nd the seal of the Department of Ag-
Form 257 on hand will be used until
rial or equipment is to be physically in-
iculture.
exhausted.
corporated in material or equipment to
be delivered under contracts or orders
[SEAL]
CLAUDE R. WICHARD,
The foregoing revision shall, effective
included under (1), (2) or (3) above.
Secretary of Agriculture.
fifteen (15) days after the filing hereof
with the Division of the Federal Register,
(c) "Material" means any commodity,
F. R. Doc. 41-6514: Filed. August 29, 1941;
11:18 R. m.]
become a part of Appendix A to Volume
equipment, accessories, parts, assemblies
One, Selective Service Regulations.
or products of any kind.*
LEWIS B. HERSHEY,
**§ 944.1 to 944.21. inclusive. issued under
the authority contained in O P.M. Regulation
Director.
3. March 7. 1941. 6 F.R. 155G: E.O. 0620, Janu-
TITLE 32-NATIONAL DEFENSE
AUGUST 27, 1941.
ary 7. 1011. 0 F.lt. 191: SCC. 2 (n), Publ. No.
G71. 76th Congress, Third Session. as amended
CHAPTER VI-SELECTIVE SERVICE
(F. R. Doc. 41-6402: Filed. August 28, 1041;
by Public No. BO. 77th Congress. First Session:
SYSTEM
4:17 p. m.)
M'C. 9. Public No. 763, 70th Congress, Third
Session.
[Ainepdment No. 109]
$ 944.2 Acceptance of defense orders.
N AMENDMENT To AUTHORIZE STATE
MEDICAL OFFICERS To CONDUCT PHYSI-
CHAPTER IX-OFFICE OF PRODUC-
Defense Orders for any Material, whether
TION MANAGEMENT
or not accompanied by a Preference Rat-
CAL EXAMINATIONS IN EMERGENCIES
ing Certificate, must be accepted and
By virtue of the Selective Training and
SUBCHAPTER B-PRIORITIES DIVISION
fuifilled in preference to any other con-
crvice Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 385) and
[Priorities Regulation No. 1]
tracts or purchase orders for such Ma-
le authority vested in me by the rules
terial, subject to the following provisions:
PART 944-RECULATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE
nd regulations prescribed by the Presl-
OPERATION OF THE PRIORITIES SYSTEM
(a) Defense Orders must be accepted
ent thereunder, I hereby amend, effcc-
Establishing Provisions and Definitions
even if acceptance will render impossible,
ve fifteen (15) days after the filing
or result in deferment of:
creof with the Division of the Federal
Applicable to the Operation of the Pri-
egister, the Selective Service Regula-
orilies System
(1) Deliveries under non-defense or-
ons. Volume One,' Section 1V, by stilk-
The following Regulation is issued by
ders pll viou.ly accepted. or
if out the present Paragraph 123 and
the Dircctor of Priorities to promote the
(2) Deliveries under Defense Orders
ibstituting therefor the following:
defense of the United States and for the
previously accepted bearin lower prefer-
123. State medical officers. a. In each
purpose of Improving and facilitating the
cnce ratings, unless rejection Is spe-
atc. one or more medical officers of the
operation of the Priorities System.
cifically permitted by the Director of
Priorities:
rmy, Navy, National Guard, Naval Rc-
$ 944.1 Definitions. (a) "Person"
rves. or Organized Reserves shall be
means any individual, partnership. ASSO-
(b) Defense Orders need not be
signed by the President. upon recom-
craticn. corporation or other form of
accepted:
endation of the Governor. Medical
enterprise.
(1) Delivery on schedule thereunder
would be Impactible 1,2 of the
FR. 3779.
15 F.R. 3770.
requirements of Defense Orders previ-
accepted bearing higher or equal
Preference Rating Certificate covering
erence ratings. unless acceptance is
purpose specified in connection with
such delivery. or in the contract or pur-
1
S, difically directed by the Director of
chase order If no Certificate has been is-
issuance of the Order, direction U.
Priorities:
rating.*
sucd. Deliveries bearing no preference
(2) If the Person seeking to place the
rating or lower preference ratines shall
944.12 Intra-co 771 deliveries.
Defense Order is unwilling or unable to
When any Order of the Director of Pri-
be deferred to the extent necessary Lo
meet regularly established prices and
oritics prohibits or restricts deliveries of
assure those deliveries bearing higher
terms of sale or payment. but there shall
preference ratings, even though such de-
any Material by any Person, such pro-
bc no discrimination against Defense
forment may cause defaults under other
hibition or restriction shall, In the ab-
Orders in establishing such prices or
contracts or purchase orders. Each Per-
sence of a contrary direction. apply not
terms;
son who has Defense Orders on hand
only to deliveries to other Persons. In-
(3) If the Material ordered is not of
must so schedule his production and de-
cluding affiliates and subsidiaries. but also
the kind usually produced or capable of
liveries that deliveries under Defense Or-
to deliveries from one branch. division or
being produced by the Person to whom
ders will be made on the dates required.
section of a single enterprise Lo another
the Defense Order is offered;
giving precedence. in case of unavoidable
branch. division or scction of the same or
(4) If such Defense Orders specify
delay. to deliveries bearing the higher
any other enterprise owned or controlled
deliveries within fifteen days. and if com-
by the same Person.'
preference ratings.
pliance with such delivery dates would
(b) The sequence of deliveries bearing
994.13 Effect of order: damages.
require the termination before comple-
When any Order of the Director of Pri-
the same preference rating shall be deter-
tion of a specific production schedule
orities prohibits or restricts deliveries of
mined by the delivery dates specified in
already commenced.*
their respective Preference Rating Cer-
any Material, such prohibition or restric-
I 944.3 Rejected orders. When a De-
tificates, or if the ratings were assigned
tion shall, In the absence of a contrary
by Order or direction of the Director of
direction, apply to all deliveries made
fense Order for any Material has been
Priorities, but no Certificates were issued,
after the effective date of the Order. in-
rejected in violation of this Regulation,
the Person secking to place such Order
then by the dates specified in the con-
cluding deliveries under contracts or
may file with the Division of Priorities
tracts or purchase orders. In any case
purchase orders accepted either prior or
where both preference ratings and deliv-
subsequent to the effective date of the
a verified report in form to be prescribed,
ery dates are the same, and it is impossible
Order. No Person shall be held liable
setting forth the facts in connection with
the alleged rejection. When the facts
to make all deliveries on schedule, the
for damages or penalties for any default
set forth justify such action, the Director
matter is to be referred to the Division of
under any contract or purchase order
of Priorities will thereupon direct the
Priorities for instructions as to scquence."
which shall result directly or indirectly
Person against whom complaint is made
§ 944.8 Delivery schedules. No earlier
from his compliance with any rule. regu-
to submit a sworn statement setting forth
delivery date shall be specified in any
lation or Order issued by the Director of
Priorities."
the circumstances concerning the alleged
Defense Order than required by the pro-
rejection. Thereafter, such action will
duction or delivery schedules of the
944.14 Inventory restriction. Un-
be taken by the Director of Prlorities as
Person placing the Defense Order. No
less specifically authorized by the Direc-
he deems appropriate.*
preference rating will be assigned to any
tor of Pricrities. no Person shall. after
944.4 Assignment of preference rat-
contract or purchase order specifying de-
the effective date of this Regulation,
ings. Preference ratings may be as-
livery dates earlier than required by the
knowingly make delivery of any Material
signed to contracts, purchase orders or
production or delivery schedules of the
whatever. and no Person shall accept de-
deliveries by means of Preference Rating
Person placing the contract or purchase
livery thereof. in an amount, quantity
Certificates issued by authority of the
order."
or number which will increase for any
Director of Priorities, or by regulations
944.9 Deferred deliveries. When
current month the inventory of such
or Orders issued by the Director of Pri-
deliveries under Defense Orders have
Material of the Person accepting deliv-
orities assigning ratings to particular dc-
been unreasonably or improperly de-
cry, in the same or other forms. in ex-
liveries or to specified classes of deliveries.
ferred. the Person entitled to delivery
cess of the amount, quantity or number
Such ratings may be assigned to deliver-
may file with the Division of Priorities a
necessary to meet required deliveries of
ics under accepted contracts or purchase
verified report in form to be prescribed.
the products of the Person accepting dc-
orders, and also, in the case of Defense
setting forth the facts in connection with
livery. on the basis of his current method
Orders, to purchase orders which have
the alleged deferment. When the facts
and rate of operation. This provision
not been placed or accepted at the time
set forth justify such action, the Director
shall not prohibit or restrict:
the rating is applied for. The Director
of Priorities will thereupon direct the Per-
(a) Deliveries for direct export out of
of Priorities may also issue specific direc-
son against whom complaint is made to
the United States, provided that such ex-
tions as to particular deliveries, without
submit a sworn statement, setting forth
pcrts shall have been licensed by the
assigning ratings thereto."
the circumstances concerning the al-
Administrator of Export Control;
944.5 Sequence of preference rat-
leged deforment of deliveries. There-
(b) Deliveries of imported Material to
ings. Preference Ratings, in order of
after, such action will be taken by the
any Person importing the same, either
precedence. are: AA, A-1-a. A-1-b,
Director of Priorities as he deems appro-
directly or through an agent."
etc., A-1-1; A-2, A-3, etc.,
priate."
A-10; BB, B-1, B-2. etc.
§ 944.15 Records. All Persons affected
B-8,
AA
944.10 Allocations. When specific
being the highest rating presently as-
by any Order of the Director of Priorities
allocations of a Material are made by
signed.
shall keep and preserve for a period of
the Director of Priorities, such allocations
not less than two years accurate and
944.6 Doubt/u! cases. Whenever
may. in the discretion of the Director, be
complete records of their Inventories of
there is doubt as to the preference rating
made without regard to any preference
the Material covered by such Order, and
applicable to any delivery. or as to
ratings which have been assigned to de-
of the details of all transactions in the
whether a-particular order is a Defense
liveries under particular contracts or
Material covered by such Order. Such
Order. the matter is to be referred to the
purchase orders.*
records shall include the dates of all
Division of Priorities for determination.
944.11 Use of material blained
with a statement of all pertinent facts.*
contracts or purchase orders accepted.
under allocation or preference rating.
the delivery dates specified in such con-
944.7 Sequence 01 deliveries. (a).
Any Person who obtains a delivery of
Every delivery under a Defense Order
trants or purchase orders, and in any
any Material under an Order 01 specific
P₁, ference Pating Certificates accom-
shall be made in preference to deliveries
direction of the Director of Priorities, or
panying them. the dates of actual deliv-
under all other contracts or orders when-
a delivery of Material bearing a projer-
CHS thereunder. description of the
ever, and to the extent, necessary to ful-
ence rating. must use such Material. or
fill the delivery schedule provided in the
Material coursed by such contracts or
an equivalent amount thereof. for the
purchase orders. description of deliveries
FEDERAL REGISTER, Saturday, August 30, 1911
1191
by classes, types. quantities. weights and
values, the partics involved in each trans-
after regulate and govern all matters cin-
action, the preference ratings, If any,
braced herein, except where inconsistent
wholly from silk, nor shall anything
assigned to deliveries under such con-
with the specific provisions of any exist-
herein contained be construed to pre-
ing or future Order or direction of the
vent any producer of rayon yarn from
tracts or purchase orders, details of all
Defense Orders either accepted or offered
Director of Priorities. All existing Ot-
selling yarn not covered by this section
and rejected, and other pertinent infor-
ders, directions and actions of the Direc-
to any manufacturer.
mation."
tor of Prioritics are hereby ratified and
Section 1337.2 is hereby amended by
944.16 Audit and inspection. All
confirmed and shall remain in full force
adding at the end thereof the following:
records required to be kept by this Regu-
and effect until they expire by their
terms or are specifically revoked or
$ 1337.2 Disposal of yarn allocated
lation or by any Order of the Director of
but not purchased.
amended.*
Priorities shall, upon request, be sub-
however, That if on the last day of Provided, August
mitted to audit and inspection by duly
Issued August 27th, 1941, effective
any of the amounts of rayon yarn re-
authorized representatives of the Office
immediately.
quired to bc set aside during the month
of Production Management."
E. R. STETTINIUS, Jr.,
of August have not been purchased by
944.17 Reports. All Persons af-
Director of Priorities.
persons permitted to make purchases un-
fected by any Order of the Director of
Approved:
der Section 1337.1, such yarn shall not be
Priorities shall execute and file with the
WILLIAM S. KNUDSEN,
disposed of by the producer thereof but
Office of Production Management such
Director General.
shall continue to be held by the producer
reports and questionnaires as said Office
SIDNEY HILLMAN,
thereof for disposition in accordance
shall from time to time request. No TC-
Associate Director General.
with the terms of this program.
ports or questionnaires are to be filed
Issued this 28th day of August 1941.
by any Person until forms therefor are
[F. R. Doc. 41-6490: Filed, August 28, 1941;
prescribed by the Office of Production
1:49 p. m.]
LEON HENDERSON,
Administrator.
Management."
$ 944.18 False statements. Any Per-
[F. R. Doc. 41-6512; Filed. August 29, 1941:
11:15 n. m.)
son who wilfully falsifies any records
CHAPTER XI-OFFICE OF PRICE
which he is required to keep by the Direc-
ADMINISTRATION AND CIVILIAN
tor of Priorities. or who otherwise wil-
SUPPLY
[Schedule No. 26]
fully furnishes false information to the
Director of Priorities or to the Office of
PART 1337-RAYON
PART 1343-FATS AND OILS AND THEIR
Production Management, and any Person
PRODUCTS
AMENDMENT OF CIVILIAN ALLOCATION
who obtains a delivery, an allocation of
PROGRAM FOR RAYON YARN
ELIMINATION OF SPECULATIVE AND INFLA-
Material 01 a preference rating by means
of a material and wilful misstatement,
It is hereby directed that the amend-
TIONARY PRICE PRACTICES WITH RESPECT
TO FAIS AND OILS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
may bc prohibited by the Director of Pri-
ment to $ 1337.1 which was Issued August
orities from making or obtaining further
15, 1941, bc amended by deleting the
The Office of Price Administration and
deliveries of Matcrial under allocation
expiration date "August 31, 1941", and
Civilian Supply is charged with the main-
and may be deprived of further priorities
substituting in lieu thereof the expiration
tenance of price stability and civilian sup-
assistance. The Director of Priorities
date "September 30, 1941."
ply. Present stocks and production of
may also take any other action deemed
It is further directed that the amend-
fats and oils and their products are
appropriate. including the making of a
ment to $ 1337.1 which was issued August
ample. However, during the past few
recommendation for prosccution under
10. 1941, be amended by deleting the ex-
months, speculation in and hoarding of
section 35A of the Criminal Code (18
piration date "August 31, 1941". and sub-
fats and oils and their products has cre-
U. S. C. 80).
stituting in Heu thereof the expiration
ated the impression of a shortage and has
944.19 Appeal. Any Person affected
date "September 30, 1941", and IL is
Imposed an artificial Influence unin
by any Regulation or Order of the Direc-
further directed that such amendment
prices detrimental to the public interest
tor of Priorities who considers that com-
be amended by deleting the figure "95%"
and national defense. The exhaustive
pliance therewith would work an excep-
and substituting in lieu thereof the figure
investigation by this Office, and the in-
tional and unreasonable hardship upon
"100%.".
formation and counsel furnished this or-
him, may appeal to the Division of Pri-
Section 1337.1, as amended, is also
fice by the trade, have established the
orities by addressing a letter to the Divi-
hereby further amended by adding at
necessity for, and the willingness of the
sion of Priorities. Office of Production
the end thereof the following:
trade to cooperate in, the elimination of
Management. Social Security Building.
certain of these speculative and inflation-
S 1337.1 Allocation of materials.
any price practices.
Washington, D. C., sciting forth the per-
tinent facts and the reasons such Person
Provided further, That the
Therefore, under the authority vested
considers that he is entitled to relief.
rayon yarn expressly required by this
in me by Executive Order No. 8734,' it is
The Director of Priorities may thereupon
program to be made available to hosicry
hereby directed that:
take such action as he decms appropri-
manufacturers and to other former users
$ 1343.1 Elimination of speculative
ate.*
of silk shall be used only to replace silk,
resales. No person shall buy or offer to
$ 944.20 Notification of customers.
and the amount thereof shall therefore
buy. and no person shall sell or offer to
Any Person who Is prohibited from, or
be computed apart from the quantities of
sell, fats or oils or their products for the
restricted in. making deliveries of any
rayon yarn which will, in the reduced
purpose of reselling them at a pront
Material by the provisions of any Order
amounts available by reason of this pro-
without either (a) further processing
of the Director of Priorities shall, as soon
gram. be supplied to persons who prior
them or (b) performing some other rec-
ns practicable, notify each of his regular
Ln August 1, 1041 were purchasers of
opnized function in the distribution or
customers of the requirements of such
rayon yarn, and Provided also, That
manufacture thereof.
Order. but the failure to give such notice
nothing herein contained shall be taken
Any purchase or sale or a futures con-
shall not excuse any customer from the
to be any representation on the part of
the Government as to the suitability of
tract made on an organized commodity
obligation of complying with the terms
exchange to hedge B position. or any pur-
of such Order.*
any process of manufacture of rayon yarn
for the manufacture of hosiery or other
chase or sale made to fill an order on
$ 944.21 EDect 0/ regulation; ratifi-
cation of prior acts. This regulation
products formerly made Jargely Of
hand. to avoid transportation expenses.
cr to Incilitate any other recognized
shall take effect at once, and shall here-
F.I. 3022, 11-15, 1211.
No. 170-2
F.R. 1017.
FORM GA-1-A
(7-20-43)
UNITED STATES OF - MERICA
WAR PRODUCTION SOARD
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER
NO.
2.29 (Amended)
POLICY DOCUMENTATION
MANUAL OF POLICY AND
PROCEDURES
EFFECTIVE DATE
100 m.
2780
August 20, 1943
PAGE
1
4
SUBJECT
LASE
COMPLIANCE ACTIVITIES OF THE WAR PRODUCTION BOARD
VB
Section 1. Purpose:
-01 The purpose of this Order is to regulate the compliance activities of the
War Production Board, and to establish rules and procedures for the taking of adminis-
trative action and the institution of civil or criminal proceedings in cases of nonoom-
pliance with orders and regulations issued by or under the authority of the Chairman of
the War Production Board.
Section 2. Responsibility for Compliance:
.01 Responsibility for obtaining compliance with orders and regulations of the
War Production Board is vested in the Director of the Compliance Division, the General
Counsel, and (subject to policy direction from either of them) in the Regional Directors
and Regional Compliance Chiefs.
.02 All officials of the War Production Board shall promptly refer to the Com-
plaince Division all cases of violation of an order or regulation which involve a sub-
stantial diversion of material or productive capacity, or which appear to be wilful or
the result of gross negligence.
.03 The Director of the Compliance Division shall have sole authority and re-
sponsibility for authorizing and conducting investigations and surveys relating to com-
pliance with orders and regulations. Such authority and responsibility may be delegated
by the Director of the Compliance Division to Regional Directors with authority to re-
delegate with the consent of the Director of the Compliance Division to other regional
officers. Until otherwise ordered all employees of the Compliance Division, all re-
gional employees assigned to compliance activities in their respective offices, and all
employees of other agencies of the United States who may be requested by the Director
of the Compliance Division or by a Regional Director to assist in War Production Board
compliance activities may, in the course of their official duties, exercise the author-
ity conferred upon the President by the Second War Powers Act to make inspections and
investigations in connection with the enforcement or administration of said Act.
.04 Except as otherwise provided in this Order, no official of the War Pro-
duction Board shall deal with any violation either by the taking of administrative ao-
tion or by the adjustment of a case unless under specific delegation from the Director
of the Compliance Division.
Section 3. Compliance Procedures:
.01 Compliance with orders and regulations of the War Production Board may be
enforced by criminal prosecutions and civil injunction proceedings under the Second War
Powers Act, or by the taking of administrative action against persons violating such
regulations and orders, including the issuance of suspension orders in proper cases.
.02 Criminal or civil prosecution under the Second War Powers Act shall be
the customary method of enforcing compliance. All wilful and substantial violations
of War Production Board orders or regulations are to be referred to the Department of
Justice for criminal or civil prosecution in lieu of taking administrative action
against the violator, unless the General Counsel determines that such prosecution 18
impracticable or inappropriate.
Section 4. Institution of Civil or Criminal Proceedings:
.01 In any case where it appears to the Director of the Compliance Division
or to a regional compliance chief that the institution of civil or criminal proceed-
ings for violation of orders and regulations or for misrepresentations to the War Pro-
duction Board is proper, such case shall be immediately referred to the Office of the
General Counsel for appropriate action. (The Office of the General Counsel as used
in this Order includes the regional attorneys.)
.02 The decision of the General Counsel as to the necessity for such proceed-
ings shall be final, unless overruled by the Chairman of the War Production Board.
(OVER)
a 30205
DECLASSIFIED
atherity
NND730022
(Amended)
1935 The General Counsel may recommend the institution of civil or criminal
39 on his own initiative in any case where he deems it appropriate to do SO,
.04 Except as authorized by this Section 4, no officer or employee of the War
1 Board, except members of the Office of the General Counsel, shall take any
any kind with respect to ourrent or contemplated civil or oriminal proceedings
alleged violations of WPB regulations or orders.
Administrative Action in Cases of Noncompliance:
.01 Suspension orders may be issued in the name and under the authority of the
otion Board, in cases of violations of WPB regulations or orders resulting from
1 misconduct or gross negligence of the person or firm involved, and in cases
resentations to the War Production Board in connection with operations under
itions, orders, or directives.
.02 Suspension orders may:
1 Withdraw or withhold priority assistance from a respondent;
2 Withdraw of withhold allocations or allotments of scaroe
materials or products from a respondent;
3 Prohibit or restrict a respondent in the acquisition, delivery,
production, use or disposition of scarce materials or products;
or
4 Otherwise regulate the business conducted by respondent in
order to assure future compliance by him.
Compliance Commissioners:
.01 The Chairman of the War Production Board will appoint persons to act as
3 commissioners. The Chairman will also appoint a Chief Compliance Commis-
1 a Deputy Chief Compliance Commissioner. The Chief Commissioner, the Deputy
1 all other compliance commissioners shall be responsible solely to the Chair-
3 War Production Board and shall have no other duties than those specified
Budgetary and other administrative matters affecting the commissioners shall
1 through the Office of the Executive Secretary.
.02 Compliance commissioners will consider all charges of violation presented
mpliance Division or the Regional Compliance Chiefs, will preside at hearings
this purpose, and will recommend administrative action, including the issuance
sion orders, in appropriate cases pursuant to this Order.
.03 Compliance commissioners will also preside at hearings held in connection
stigations of alleged violations, though no specific charge has been made.
.04 For the purpose of obtaining any information, verifying any report re-
r making any investigation concerning the violation of any order or regulation,
B commissioners may administer oaths and affirmations and may require by sub-
ued in the name of the War Production Board the attendance and testimony of wit-
1 the production of any books, records, or any other documentary or physical
which may be relevant.
.05 All subpoenas shall be returnable before a compliance commissioner, pro-
t, if prior to the return date specified in the subpoena, the person against
subpoena is issued furnishes the compliance commissioner with a true certified
uch books, records, or other documentary evidence, then the production of such
cords or evidence shall not be required at any place other than the place where
n against whom the subpoena is issued resides or transacts business.
.06 The Chief Compliance Commissioner will hear and determine appeals from de-
I compliance commissioners, and will perform the further duties specified in
He will also exercise general supervision over the work of compliance com-
s, subject to direction of the Chairman. He may establish policies, standards
dures to be followed by the commissioners, not inconsistent with this Order;
policies, standards and procedures must be approved by the General Counsel
issuance. He may also himself act as compliance commissioner from time to
.07 The Deputy Chief Compliance Commissioner will hear and determine such ap-
may be referred to him from time to time by the Chief Compliance Commissioner.
.so himself act as compliance commissioner from time to time.
DECLASSIFIED
atherity
NND730022
GAO 2-29 (Amended)
Page 3
Section 7. Administrative Proceedings:
.01 When the Director of the Compliance Division, a regional director, or a
regional compliance chief, after investigation, has reason to believe that there has
been a violation of any order or regulation which in his opinion warrants criminal,
civil or administrative proceedings, he will refer the case to the Office of the General
Counsel (or to the regional attorney). If the Office of the General Counsel determines
that administrative proceedings should be instituted, a charging letter or telegram will
be prepared for the signature of the Director of the Compliance Division or the regional
compliance chief, advising the respondent of the specific violations charged and the ad-
ministrative action that may be taken against him. The respondent will be afforded an
opportunity to offer a written explanation of the charges, or to appear at a hearing
when the charges against him are considered by a compliance commissioner. No suspension
order (except a temporary order referred to in paragraph .05) will be issued except aft-
ar such a hearing.
.02 Upon reasonable notice to the respondent, the hearing will be held on the
charges against him. The commissioner will consider all of the facts relevant to the
violations charged submitted by the Compliance Division and the respondent, including
oral testimony, written statements and exhibits. After considering the facts submitted
at the hearing, the compliance commissioner will file his report and recommendation with
the regional office of the War Production Board. The report will contain a statement of
the facts found relative to the violations charged, together with the commissioner's
conclusion as to whether or not such facts constituted a violation of the orders and
regulations of the War Production Board, and if so, whether or not the violation was
wilful or the result of gross negligence. The report will be accompanied by a separate
recommendation of the administrative action to be taken or for the closing or other dis-
position of the case, including, where appropriate, a recommendation for transmission of
the case to the Department of Justice for civil or criminal proceedings. Instead of fil-
ing a recommendation, the commissioner may direct that no final disposition be made of
the case for a specified period of time pending a determination of the possibility of
continuing violations in the future. The report of the commissioner as to the facts
found shall be binding upon the Compliance Division for the purpose of the compliance
proceeding, but may be reviewed by the Chief Compliance Commissioner on an appeal filed
by the respondent.
.03 If the compliance commissioner concludes that the facts found do not con-
stitute either a wilful violation or a violation caused by the gross negligence of the
respondent, he will close the case with a letter to the respondent.
.04 "hen the compliance commissioner recommends the taking of administrative
action, his recommendation shall be incorporated in a proposed suspension order and sub-
mitted to the Office of the General Counsel and to the Director of the Compliance Divi-
sion, upon whose approval such order shall issue in the name of the War Production
Board, witnessed or attested by the Executive Secretary or the Recording Secretary. The
Office of the General Counsel and the Director of the Compliance Division may also
jointly direct the issuance of a suspension order differing from the suspension order
proposed by the compliance commissioner only in that the terms of the suspension are
less, or the restrictions imposed are less severe. No suspension order shall be issued
inless approved by both the Office of the General Counsel and the Director of the Com-
liance Division, unless otherwise directed by the Chairman.
.05 The Director or Deputy Director of the Compliance Division may at any
time, with the approval of the Office of the General Counsel, direct the issuance of a
temporary suspension order with or without notice. In all such cases, however, the re-
spondent will be informed of the charges against him and a hearing will be held as soon
as practicable after the issuance of the temporary suspension order, and in any event
before such order is made permanent.
.06 The Director or Deputy Director of the Compliance Division may at any time,
with the approval of the Office of the General Counsel, direct the issuance of a suspen-
sion order upon the consent of the respondent, and the issuance of specific exceptions
or authorizations under suspension orders; this authority may be delegated by the Direc-
tor to other officials of the War Production Board.
.07 Any person affected by the provisions of a suspension order issued in BC-
cordance with a report of a compliance commissioner may appeal from any or all of the
provisions of such order to the Chief Compliance Commissioner. When the appeal is from
a decision of the Chief Compliance Commissioner acting as a commissioner, the appeal
shall be to the Deputy Chief Compliance Commissioner. The appeal must be taken in ac-
cordance with the rules and procedures laid down from t ime to time by the Chief Compli-
ance Commissioner, and his decision therson shall be final. In determining such appeals,
the Chief Compliance Commissioner may direct the closing of the case or the modification
of the Order in any respect, including an increase of the suspension period or the re-
strictions imposed, subject, however, to the approvals specified in paragraph .04 above.
DECLASSIFIED
atherity
NND730022
87
(Amended)
.08 Pending the determination of an appeal from the provisions of a suspen-
er, the Chief Compliance Commissioner or his Deputy, upon a showing of irrepa-
rm, may direct the issuance of an order staying the operation of the suspension
In any case in which an appeal is taken from a decision of the Chief Compliance
oner acting as a commissioner, a stay may be issued by the Deputy Chief Compli-
missioner.
.09 The Chief Compliance Commissioner may also, at any time, with the consent
ffice of the General Counsel, revoke or modify any suspension order by diminish-
period of suspension or the restrictions imposed though no appeal from the order
taken by the respondent.
.10 The Director of the Compliance Division shall prepare and transmit to the
tion Bureau for issuance in the booklet "Priorities", a list containing names
esses of persons, firms, and corporations against whom suspension orders have
ued and the provisions of such orders.
.11 No preference rating certificates, orders, allocations, allotments, or
ations shall be issued by any employee of the War Production Board when pro-
by the provisions of any suspension order.
B. Closing Compliance Cases:
.01 Prior to submission of a case to the Office of the General Counsel, it
losed or a warning letter may be issued to the respondent at any time by the
of the Complianos Division, the regional director, or the regional compliance
.02 After a case has been submitted to the Office of the General Counsel, it
losed only by, or with the consent of, that Office.
.03 After a hearing has been held in a case before a compliance commissioner,
ay be closed only by the commissioner.
9. Orders Superseded:
.01 This Order supersedes General Administrative Order No. 2-29 as amended
18, 1942.
10. Effective Date:
.01 This Order will be effective on and after August 20, 1943.
I CERTIFY THAT THE ORIGINAL OF THIS
ORDER DULY APPROVED AND SIGNED BY
THE COMPETENT EXECUTIVE WAS FILED WITH
ME ON THE 21
DAY OF August,
Whilulom
1943. BUDGET OFFICER
Donald M. Nelson
Chairman
CEOLASSIFIED
afferity NND730022
F.R.C MADE Date 12-7-82
VC
8894migh
Priorities
and Industry
/
DIVISION OF INFORMATION
WAR PRODUCTION BOARD
LASHINGTON, D.C.
AUGUST, 1942
PART I
THE OVERALL PATTERN
The Priorities System is the primary method of controlling the flow
of materials and finished products in the war economy. It has grown
from small beginnings, just as war production has grown from a de-
fense program of less than $100,000,000 in the Spring of 1940 to a
giant which will be larger next year than the total national income
of the depression years,
In the early days of the defense program, priorities simply meant
putting first things first-giving a preference to military orders
when they conflicted with ordinary civilian production. That was
sufficient when military production was only a small part of the total
national output. It is obviously not enough now that direct spending
for war amounts to more than all of the rest of the economic activ-
ities of the United States put together.
The easiest way to understand the priorities system as it exists
today is to look back on how it has gnown. It would have been im-
possible a year ago to devise a system to meet today's needs, and by
the same token it has not been possible at any time during the last
year to take time out for the development and application of a wholly
new system based on today's conception of war requirements. The
development of priorities has necessarily been a continuous adapta-
tion of controls to a situation which changed with disconcerting
rapidity, and it will clearly be necessary to keep on changing the
system until the war is over. Constant change may be inconvenient
but rigidity under the conditions of modern war would be fatal.
There are, however, a few basic instruments of the priorities system
which have been used in one form or another virtually from the
beginning and which are likely to remain in use as long as priorities
are necessary.
The first of these is the priority rating or preference rating. These
ratings, expressed in & continuous series from AAA to B-8, indicate
the relative importance of various uses of materials in the war econ-
omy. An order which has been assigned an AAA rating is of the
utmost urgency, followed in importance by those in the AA series, the
A-1 series and ratings of A-2, A-3, A-4, etc. This pattern of ratings
is established with the full force of law by Priorities Regulations No.
1, which says that any purchase order bearing a preference rating
must be accepted and given its proper place in production and de-
livery schedules. The preference rating, in other words, is the tag
on a purchase order which governs the place that order will take in
the war economy.
1
Pint 11- agreed by athorgy of the War Production
Board in n number of different WAYS which will be described in
greater detail later on in this booklet. Briefly, the principal methods
used to assign preference ratings are RS follows:
Individual preference rating certificates, PD-1A's and P12
3A's.-These certificates are used by the War Production Board and
by procurement officers of the Army, Navy, and other authorized
Government agencies, to assign ratings to orders for specific quanti-
ties of material or equipment for a specific purpose. These individual
certificates were used very extensively in the earlier days of the pri-
orities system but their importance has been diminishing since it has
become necessary to schedule the flow of materials on & broad basis
over a longer period of time.
Limited blanket rating orders, "P" orders-There orders permit
the use of preference ratings without further authorization by certain
companies, industries or groups of industries for preified purposes,
both to obtain production materials and materials for maintenance,
repair, and operating supplies. Most of these orders have been can-
celed or allowed to expire, because they did not provide & sufficiently
tight control over the quantity of materials to which ratings could
be applied under their terms. A few of them remain in effect, how-
ever, especially for the use of smaller companies and companies to
which no other form of priority assistance is appropriate.
Project ratings.-These are a special type of limited blanket rat-
ing used for construction projects. A manufacturer putting up a
new plant, for example, can be granted 2 project rating. This rating
can be applied to all the orders for materials going into the project,
but when the project is finished the rating expires. Because materials
needed for new construction projects have become scarce, the kinds
of new construction projects which may be undertaken have been
strictly limited, particularly by a "Directive for War-Time Construc-
tion" issued jointly by the War and Navy Departments and WPB.
Production Requirements Plan-This is a combined preference
rating and allocation system. Under it WPB determines the amount
of material available and allots it on the basis of an industry's im-
portance to the war effort. With a few exceptions, PRP is manda-
tory for all concerns using $5,000 worth of metal a quarter, which
means approximately 90 percent of all metal used.
Manufacturers operating under PRP are assigned preference rat-
ings for definite quantities of material to be used by them during a
8-month period. The grade of the preference rating still depends
on the importance of the product, but the amount of material the
manufacturer may obtain with his rating depends also on how much
of that material is available. A significant feature of PRP is that
no company operating under it is permitted to use or extend any
other form of preference rating for material used in production.
These are the principal methods by which priority assistance is
extended. There is also a special form of assistance granted occasion-
ally for capital equipment, and a special distributor's form, PD-1X.
Provisions also are made for appeals for releasing frozen inventories.
2
Finally, priorities enter into the field of foreign trade, where amist-
ance is given for Land-Lease and other foreign requirements.
The priorities system, however, is concerned with more than assist-
anre. The other side of the picture is the rules and regulations which
insure that the system works-in a word, control. Of course, these
two factors overlap frequently, but there are certain clearly distin-
guishable types of priorities control which may be covered briefly hera.
Priorities Regulation No. 1.-Mention already has been made of
Regulation No. 1, the basis of the priorities system. This regulation
does more than merely set up a system whereby companies can obtain
materials. It specifically states what producers and suppliers can and
cannot do under the priorities system. Probably its most important
provision is that all rated orders, civilian as well as war, must be
accepted. Delivery dates must be specified, and no one is permitted
to ask for delivery any sooner than required by his own production
of excessive inventories.
or delivery schedules. Regulation No. 1 also forbids the building up
Materials control, the "M" orders-The purpose of these orders
is to bring certain raw materials under the control of WPB. Usually
this is done by simply forbidding delivery of the raw material to
the manufacturer unless it is to be used for specified war purposes.
In other cases the same and is accomplished by asking that producers
of approval. certain raw materials submit their shipping schedules to WPB for
Machine tools, "E" orders-These are like M orders, except that
they apply to the distribution of equipment, chiefly machine tools
and cutting tools. These are subject to E orders, in exactly the same
manner as raw materials are subject to M orders. Close control is
kept over allocation of new machine tools among purchasers in this
country and abroad, and also over the sale and delivery of second-
hand machine tools.
End products, "L" orders.-This type of regulation is issued to
prohibit or curtail production-of less essential goods which use up
large quantities of scarce raw materials. In addition, stoppage or
limitation of production through an L order often makes more pro-
duction facilities available to the war effort. Production of auto-
mobiles was stopped by the issuance of an L order.
Enforcement, "S" orders.-A special Compliance Branch, with in-
vestigative and legal sections and an extensive field organization, is
charged with enforcement of priorities orders. By means of industry-
wide surveys, spot checks and individual investigation of apparent
violations it maintains & constant watch over the use of critically
needed scarce materials. Under the Second War Powers Act priorities
violators are subject to severe penalties, ranging from a fine of $10,000
up to imprisonment of 1 year, or both.
Requisitioning.-In addition to the above controls, WPB also has
the authority to requisition idle material and equipment essential
to the war effort. So far, most requisition orders have been issued
to acquire valuable material held in warehouses and other storage
places for the accounts of European firms on orders placed before
the outbreak of war.
8
These, then, are the chief controls and the chief methods of grant-
ing assistance in the priorities system. But priorities cannot be
thought of as simply a series of orders and controls superimposed
on our normal business life. They are today the basis of our entire
economy, because our entire economy is devoted to the war effort.
One way of defining the priorities system is to say that its primary
function is to schedule deliveries of materials and products in such
a way as to bring about the maximum production of war and abso-
lutely essential products which the United States with all its vast
resources is capable of supplying.
Every worker and every factory, every bit of material and every
machine is now a part of the war program. No use of material is
unimportant and no company has a right to think of its own opera-
tions except in connection with the war program. Priorities must
be accepted on this basis, and a strict observance, not only of the
duty. letter but also of the spirit of the priorities system, is & high patriotic
There are no longer distinctions between soldiers and civilians
when the bombs fall, and there likewise are no distinctions between
soldiers and civilians in massing the forces of the Nation for total
war.
Material has become just as important as fighting man power,
and any failure to produce material which might help to win a
battle is just as serious as failure of soldiers under fire.
Priorities orders are the basis for production of planes and ships,
and a day's delay in carrying out orders on the home front may mean
day's delay in achieving final victory.
4
DOCUMENTS
A
UNITED STATES NAVY DEPARTMENT
BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SURGEON GENERAL, U.S. NAVY
CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
TO THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
CONCERNING
"
STATISTICS OF DISEASES AND INJURIES
IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY
FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR
1939
DEPARTMENT OF THE
BUREAU KAVA *
OF MEDICINE AMERICA
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON 1 1941
20
Health Of The Navy
Hygienic And Sanitary Conditions Afloat And Ashore
21
ious action of the light.
dinary cup goggles are unsuitable for most types of machine tool work
due to restricted vision. It has been proposed to the Navy Department
INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
Safety Engineer that a suitable type of spectacle goggle without side
pieces be approved for use on these types of machine tool work; and (f)
Navy Yard, Charleston, S. order that claims for industrial
the present Navy specification welding glove has been found to be un-
injury may be confined to those receiving such injury by reason of
satisfactory, particularly for overhead electric welding. A number of
their employment in the navy yard, all applicants for trades listed as
men have been burned due to failure of exposed stitching in this glove.
potentially hazardous, receive a special examination, including X-ray
It has been proposed that a more suitable type of glove be approved.
examination of chest, where necessary, prior to their employment or
The number of eye injuries among the regular Yard employees was
assignment to the hazardous occupation. In addition to the entrance
more than double for the calendar year 1938 - 223 for 1938 and 457 for
examination, periodical examinations are given during continuance of
1939. The increased number of employees can account for some of the
occupation in such work. This increases the work of the Yard dispen-
increase but the eye injuries have increased out of proportion. Out-
sary and involves considerable additional cost to the government by
standing causes of injuries to the eyes have been poor fltting goggles
reason of materials expended, but it is believed that the results ob-
and failure to use goggles in spite of educational activities on the part
tained will prevent any serious industrial injury to the man occupied in
of the medical department, injury offlcer, and supervisors. It is grat-
hazardous industrial trades and prevent unjust compensation claims to
ifying to note that there were no lost-time eye injuries among the reg-
be filed against the Government. As a means of protection to fellow
ular Yard force and only one case among the relief workers.
employees and to prevent unjust claims to compensation for injuries
Statistics show a definite increase in all types of injuries among
alleged to have been received by reason of industrial employment, it is
classes of employees except the Emergency Relief, Navy. This in-
recommended that as a condition of employment all Civil Service ap-
crease is out of proportion to the increased personnel and it is be-
plicants be required to have a serological test, with the provision that
lieved to be due to the fact that the shop superintendents insist that
applicants who show a positive serological reaction but no active
employees receiving injuries, no matter how slight or insignificant
lesions, shall be required to have continuous medical treatment until
they may seem in extent or severity, report to the Dispensary for
negative serological tests are obtained or the disease is pronounced
treatment. This opinion is supported by the reduction In the actual
non-infectious by the Yard medical officer. It is also recommended
number of "Injuries resulting in Loss of Time" from 22 during 1938
that where infection occurs subsequent to employment that serological
to 18 during 1939.
tests be made compulsory. As condition of employment, large private
Navy Yard, New York, N. Y.--Welding: There are approximately
industrial corporations require serological tests prior to employment
450 electric welders and 112 gas welders carried on the rolls.
and at periodic intervals thereafter. If it is found that employees have
It is well recognized that in the absence of protective measures or
active syphilitic disease, medical treatment is compulsory unless they
with inadequate measures welding incurs certain health hazards, such
are pronounced non-infectious by the company physician. Medical
as toxic gases from the arc of the flame, fumes or dust of metallic
treatment for Civil Service employees could be obtained from private
oxides of an injurious nature from the coating of certain welding rods,
physicians or public clinics, and such treatment could be evidenced by
damage to the eyes from ultraviolet rays, etc. The question arises
certificates signed by licensed practitioners, but serological exami-
whether or not control protective methods now provided are entirely
nations should be performed at the Yard dispensary in order that a
adequate to prevent occupational, diseases in welders under all cir-
uniform procedure may be followed.
cumstances.
Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash.--The average employee
It was recommended to the Commandant in December 1939, at the
of this Navy Yard is safety-minded, and a general spirit of cooperation
suggestion of the Director of the Division of Industrial Hyglene, New
with regard to accident preventi continues. The safety program has
York State Department of Labor, that a joint health study of the 930
been carried forward with excellent results during the past year, em-
electric, gas, and tack welders, be conducted by the latter agency and
phasis being placed on education of men through indoctrination of the
the medical officer of the Yard. The proposed research contemplated
supervisors. Analysis of representative periods have shown that ap-
medical and occupational histories, physical examinations, and X-ray
proximately 90 percent of all accidents are directly attributable to
studies, the funds and bulk of the research staff to be supplied by the
carelessness of the men. The record of 18 lost-time accidents among
New York State Division of Industrial Hygiene.
5,985 employees as compared with 22 lost-time accidents among
It was believed that such a study would yield results of great bene-
4,022 employees in 1938 is considered very satisfactory.
fit to the workers and that the findings would be significant as a check
During the past year the following additional safety measures have
upon the present methods of control and of value to the U. S. Em-
been undertaken: (a) a new type of face shield has been obtained for
ployees Compensation Commission in relation to certain possible fu-
buffing and polishing work which is a great improvement over goggles;
ture compensation claims. Other outstanding authorities in industrial
(b) new double lenses for helmets have been obtained which are found
hygiene were consulted and all concurred in the view that a large-scale
to be much more satisfactory than the old; (c) salt tablet dispensers
health study of welders was required to settle definitely certain ques-
have been installed in all shops in which "hot work" is carried on; (d)
tions relative to hazards of the occupation.
ventilation of shops and offices has been materially improved, and is
Lead and Lead Compounds: There is little hazard incident to brush
continuing to improve as funds become available for projected work;
painting in this Yard. Lead paint is used chiefly for the red lead
(e) an investigation has shown that men on machine tool work wearing
priming coat for the hulls of ships. Zinc, titanium or aluminum paints
corrective spectacles have only one-eighth the number of imbedded
are largely used for other applications. The enamel paints consist of a
particle eye injuries as compared to men wearing no spectacles. Or-
zinc base in varnish and turpentine. No cases of lead poisoning have
come to the attention of the Medical Department during the period un-
22
Health Of The Navy
Hygienic And Sanitary Conditions Afloat And Ashore
23
der consideration. Metallic lead is handled in the molten state
workers would probably not receive a damaging exposure, the question
metal component of Babbitt metal in the Inside Machine Shop (No. 31). This as a
of such a possibility demands consideration. The absolute necessity
contains lead, antimony, and copper. The lead volatilizes
for further protection can be definitely determined by actual measure-
hood relatively low temperature. The melting kettles are equipped with at a
ments of scattered radiation by means of the portable ionization cham-
and connected to an air exhaust system with suitable suction fan a
ber. It- is recommended that the advisability of such tests be consid-
conduit to remove fumes which form on the surface of the plpe
ered.
inhalation metal. In of addition, fumes. a respirator is provided for protection against molten the
Precautions Relative to Pickling of Metals: (a) Building Ways, No.
1.--There are two sets of pickling tanks in this area one for flat steel
and made up of a celluloid base with certain volatile solvents,
Lacquer painting with spray technique is conducted with lacquers
and one for piping. The acid employed is dilute sulphuric. The ques-
tion at issue is whether at any stage of operation personnel are sub-
yond threshold concentrations.
some slow drying, which may lead to toxic symptoms if inhaled some fast be-
jected to the inhalation of arsine gas or arsenic dust originating as a
result of contact with arsenic, present as an impurity of the metal,
The Ordnance Machine Shop, Electrical Shop, and Sheet Metal
with nascent hydrogen in the bath. Such a possibility appears ex-
the are equipped with hoods connected to adequate exhaust Shop
tremely remote in view of the fact that the operations are conducted
of the provided for more effective removal of fumes. The is
also Ordnance Machine and Sheet Metal Shops a water spray systems. curtain In
in the open air thus excluding the possibility of rising accumulation of
arsenical compounds which might result in an enclosed space. How-
exhaust upon an exhaust blower for removal of fumes. This lack of placed
paint shop is not equipped with a hood, dependence being spray room
ever, it is advisable that the operating personnel be examined semi-
annually for possible evidence of arsenic absorption instead of the
No results in a much slower rate of removal of contaminated localized
quarterly examination now prescribed.
dar cases year. of volatile solvent poisoning were reported during the calen- air.
(b) Coppersmith Shop. sulphuric and muriatic acids are used
in the vats of this enclosed space connected with the coppersmith shop.
amination for evidence of toxic effects of volatile solvents.
It is recommended that all spray painters be given an annual ex-
The possibility of arsenical exposure discussed above also obtains for
this space. Forced exhaust ventilation is provided and appears ade-
chine tection. of Pipefitter Shop is equipped with one portable pro-
Industrial Protection Against X-ray and Radium: (a) X-ray
quate. A semi-annual medical examination of operating personnel is
advisable.
220 kilovolts and 25 milliamperes capacity which was X-ray ma-
Occupational Dust Hazards: (a) The Steel and Brass Foundries.
approximately of flaws two yearsago. This is employed chiefly for the detection installed
The chief hazard to be considered is silicosis due to the inhalation of
The in pipe-welded joints for high steam pressure installation.
silica dust, the extent of the hazard being dependent upon the concen-
maximum number of exposures approximates a total of 51
tration, size of the particles, percentage of free silica, and the dura-
a 2mm. day. (1) Engineering Control: The X-ray tube is encased in minutes lead
tion of exposure. Whether or not a silicosis hazard exists in these
20 feet thickness. The machine is contained in an enclosure 20 feet of
foundries can only be determined by actual counts of dust particles
directions bounded by a shield 6-1/2 feet high, 10 feet from the tube in by
concentration under the various working conditions and the estimation
Medical and lined with sheet lead 2mm. thickness on three sides. all (2)
of free sillca in the sand used. It has recently been reported by the
radium Control: Four men are assigned as operators of the X-ray and
New York State Department of Labor that silicosis can be prevented
is installations. One of the earliest effects of radiation
If the average plant concentration does not exceed 15 million parts per
marked a destructive action on the white and red cells of the blood, exposure
cubic foot.
on the white cells in the early stages. A procedure has more
(b) Casting Cleaning Shop.--The conditions in this shop appear to
and established for a quarterly blood examination of operating personnel been
be particularly unfavorable. The iron and brass foundry buildings are
an examination for possible general radiation injury.
equipped with forced exhaust ventilation although its efficiency in con-
(b) Radium Protection.--The use of radium was initiated 4 to 5
trolling dust concentrations is undetermined. The casting cleaning
years ago for the detection of flaws in castings constructed for high
shop, however, is not provided with any mechanical ventilation, de-
pressure steam installations, both steel and non-ferrous. A
pendence being placed mainly on roof cowls, which, it is believed, are
tests containing 278 mgms. of radium is the source of the radiation, capsule
inadequate.
being conducted in the Inside Machine Shop. This is in use for the
Certain of the grinding and chipping operations should be conducted
that average of 150 to 200 hours a month. The chief metallurgist an
under hoods with localized suction ventilation. Two high-speed emery
for high speed films exposed at a distance of 12 feet from the reports
wheels and two carborundum grinding wheels are not equipped with
are one not hour showed no fogging. It is therefore concluded that capsule
suction ventilation. It is recommended that consideration be given to a
measures appear adequate.
subject to harmful radiation at that distance. Protective employees
systematic engineering survey of both foundries and the casting clean-
It is emphasized that a thorough physical examination of a
ing shop to include dust counts and the measures necessary to reduce
silicosis hazards.
that or X-ray the blood worker shall be made before he is employed and at radium time
There are 33 employees in the Iron foundry, 64 in the brass foundry,
of an obscure count shows suggestive changes or the worker complains any
and 22 in the casting cleaning shop.. It would be desirable to carry out
easures of allment. The question arises whether the foregoing
a medical survey, including X-ray of the lungs, of all personnel in
situation protection against X-ray radiation are entirely adequate.
order to determine the incidence of silicosis. For the present, how-
Committee .ie was recently discussed with the Chairman of the
ever, it is suggested that such a study be limited to employees in the
gested that on X-ray Protection of the Bureau of Standards. Advisory He
casting cleaning shop where the worst conditions prevail.
) barrier personnel within the distance of 40 feet external of the sug- lead
All candidates for employment for foundry operations should be
would be subject to secondary radiation While
given an X-ray examination of the lungs in order to screen out cases in
24
Health Of The Navy
Hygienic And Sanitary Conditions Afloat And Ashore
25
any state of silicosis.
blasting are of various types. A special study is being attempted with
(c) Sandblasters The present practice of an annual X-ray exami-
nation of the chest, or oftener if so indicated, will be continued.
recommending standard items of as near one type as possible.
regard to types of masks, helmets, and respirators with the idea of
(d) Hazard of Buffing and Polishing.-- possible hazard incident
An extensive study of a new insulating material, fiber-glass, now
to dust from artificial abrasives such as carborundum, alundum, and
employed by the Navy, has recently been carried out by this depart-
emery should be considered. The dust from these materials does not
ment. Representatives of the manufacturers of this product have been
if breathed for protracted periods, these dusts induce an X-ray ap-
contain free silica and therefore will not produce silicosis. However,
interviewed, and numerous reports of clinical and laboratory investi-
gations have been reviewed. The representatives claim that no harm-
pearance similar to that of early silicosis. This picture changes
ful effects from the material have been noted among their employees
however, that workers exposed to heavy concentrations of abrasive
slightly as length of exposure increases. There is clinical evidence, very
over a period of 6 years, and the only precautions used are loose
clothing and a good cleansing shower at the end of each working day.
dust are more susceptible to diseases of the chest than those not so
The evidence submitted is not entirely convincing, and the period of
exposed. Authorities in this field advise that an effort should be made
time since the introduction of the product is too short to warrant any
to keep the dust count below 20 million particles per cubic foot. The
definite conclusions at present. Until further information is available
dust is approximately 50 percent abrasive and 50 percent metallic.
the following precautions are in effect: The employee must wear hood,
cable to wear such a device constantly.
Although respirators are provided for individual use, it is impracti-
respirator, and gloves at all times; the clothing must be loose and
cover the arms and neck; goggles must be worn if there is excessive
The buffing and polishing wheels in the Sheet Metal Shop are not
circulation in the compartment; and showers are required before
caution. equipped with localized exhaust. Thisis recommended as a safety pre-
lunch and at the close of the day.
At present the Norfolk Navy Yard has no instruments for making
The grinding wheels in the tool room of the Shipfitter Shop are
dust counts. The acquisition of at least one of the new and recently
provided with either individual exhaust or are kept constantly wet which
reduces to a marked degree the quantity of escaping dust.
improved instruments would be a great advancement in the field of in-
dustrial medicine at this Navy Yard and would afford an opportunity
Hazard of Asbestosis: Asbestosis is an industrial disease of the
lungs incident to the inhalation of asbestos dust for prolonged periods,
for considerable research.
The hazards to civil employees consequent to industrial activity is
and is distinct from silicosis. The development of the disease depends
a problem and requires continued, intense, effort and research with
upon the concentration of the dust; the size of the dust particles, and
regard to personnel, new materials, new machinery, and new pro-
the length of exposure. The workers in the Pipe Covering and Insula-
cesses. Safety devices and rules should maintain a high standard.
ting Shop are exposed to the inhalation of asbestos dust incident to the
This aspect should be studied, developed, and mastered. It requires
cutting of asbestos insulating felt in the fabrication of covers for
cooperation in safety engineering and intensive study of industrial
flanges, valve bonnets, and high temperature steam turbines. The ma-
terial falls under the trade name of "Amosite."
health problems.
Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, R. I.--The number of infections
A medical survey of the 11 employees in this Shop was conducted
following injuries remains low among civil employees at this station.
recently with the object of ascertaining whether asbestosis in any
This is due no doubt to the cooperation of all concerned in routing in-
stage could be detected. The history of exposure varied from 1.7 to
17 years, 6 men reporting 10 years or over. Present and past dis-
promptly treated. A follow-up system is also used whereby casesmust
juries, no matter how trivial, to the dispensary, where they are
ability attributable to asbestosis was denied by all the men and X-rays
report for daily observation and redressings until discharged. Many
of the chest were essentially negative in all cases. However, it was
cases of colds, grippe, and bronchitis have developed among the civi-
not considered that the negative findings precluded the future develop-
lian employees during the fall and winter months. By treating these
ment of asbestosis by continued exposure to present occupational con-
cases three times daily with antiseptic sprays, cough mixtures, and
ditions. The following recommendation made jointly by the medical
cold capsules, and the prompt checking out of cases with elevated tem-
officer of the Yard and the safety engineer was approved: Install an
peratures, an appreciable decline in lost-time incidence has been
exhaust blower over work table in the Pipe Covering and Insulating
noted. It is encouraging to note that accidents are on the decline in
Shop to remove asbestos dust at the source as a protective measure
against the hazard of asbestosis.
spite of the increase in employees. By comparative classification we
find that in 1935 there were about injuries among 2,493 employees
Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va. Considerable work has been
and in 1939 about 3,500 injuries among 3,852 employees.
accomplished in industrial medicine. The medical officer, safety en-
A general physical examination of all workers in explosive ma-
gineer, and W. P. A. Safety Supervisor work in close consultation. In
terials, including a complete blood analysis and urinalysis, has been
this manner the medical and technical aspects. of each industrial
done monthly since October, 1939. An effort is being made to prevent
blem is properly coordinated. The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery pro-
occupational poisonings, with particular reference to tetryl and fulmi-
and the Navy Department Safety Engineer have been consulted on sev-
nate of mercury. To date no statistical data have been completed.
eral occasions and have given valuable suggestions.
Sand-blasters are examined routinely each month, and routine chest
A special effort has been made to collect literature and data with
X-rays are done every three months, oftener if thought necessary.
regard to industrial medicine to be used for reference purposes. Spe-
cial attention is given to the working conditions in hazardous occupa-
tions such as sand-blasting, asbestos pipe-covering, amosite and fiber-
glass insulation. Ventilation, clothing
VI B
035-98
with
March 11, 1941.
MEMORANDUM FOR ADMIRAL McINTIKE:
Subject:
Notes for consideration when you call OR Assistant
Secretary Bard.
1.
Ke sake specifically what the policy is conserning invitation
of mah people as Mr. Zimuer of the Bureau of Labor Standards, Labor Depart-
ment into the Havy Tards to make a survey or the volding and other hasards.
I teld him that ve had never done that sert of work and recommended against
11. as I know who Mr. Ilaner intends to send in if 1t should be dons.
2.
My meeting with Mr. Bard was specifically due 40 the fact
that Capinin Pisher had writien a letter 10 Dr. Salby inviting him to make
a survey of Hary Tards. with particular reference to health havards, and
sake recommendations to the Shore Establishments Division.
I gave Mr. Bard and the two efficers present a semplete story
of the beginning of this controversy from the Federal Administrator's letter;
19
that is, that the United States Public Nealth Service had four leass of travel
lag scientists allaged to be able to make surveys of all of the Navy Tards and
nake recommendations for the cerrection of such hasards as were discovered.
I told Mr. Bard that this vas not considered the best policy, due to the fact
that we had medical efficers in the Yards and that in practically all instances
recommendations of sound character had been made by medical officers. We sav
to need of inviting the United States Public Kealth Service on its evn invita-
:ion to de this job.
3.
Likevise, I told him that 1 had speken 10 you and that you had
indicated that President Roosevelt thought that this wight not be the best
*elicy, due to the fact that they might cause disturbance in the labor element.
4.
Paints of great interest:
(a) Such health harards as silicesis in our foundries.
None of our foundries would pass the Recessary inspection to obtain
workmen's compensation insurance from any of the insurance organis-
tions. I doubt if my of our foundries would be solerated if the
State industrial health people vers 10 make surveys of them. Repeated
recommendations have Deen made by the medical efficers attached to
these Tards that studies be made ONL dust concentrations and steps be
taken to remedy this condition.
- 2 -
(b) Sand blasting. Several recommendations have been
made with reference to and blasting and the danger from this
harardavith particular peference to the production of silicesis.
Since these recommendations have nome in, ve now are using stool
shot rather than sand in sand blasting, but this is still a
hasardous trade and might be resindied.
(o) Welding. *elding is a herard under sertain circus-
stances: that is, if nitrous funes are encountered and these san
be completely obvicted by reasonable exhaust wntilation. Novever,
several people have complained that we are doing welding under
dangerous conditions. I frankly admitted that we had no data an
which to asks a sonsidered opinion, but we would Lausdiately start
ont with a view of determining the concentration of funce of texis
metals or substances that might be in the welding rod.
(d) Solvents. Too little is known ea the question of
solvents and since there is A controvery between the terisologists
and industrial hygicaists on this point, it will be necessary to is
a very eareful survey to determine whether ve Are in tremble.
(a) Kydrogenated hydrocarbone. This is 2 matter of COR-
siderable concern in injustry and we may be getting damage
from some of these, but no surveys have been made to tell use the
concentration of these compounds.
(f) Iye flashes from unprotected electric ares, such as
relding and peuring. This can be completely obvisted by using
sreens for the verines.
(c) Calaium dust, smoke and funes. If we are doing AS such
adaium welding S.S is indicated by unofficial information free the
leld. ve may be in R position to be scriously criticised about this.
ris also needs rewearch to determine the sencentration.
(h) Chromium trioride. Chrewium plating is one of the
agerous sccupations in that people frequently have performed
ptuz from irritation from shromiun triexide. Duch plants AS I
TO seen doing plating in the Havy appear to be fairly well
stilcted, but there is evidence that a considerable number of
ople have been damaged from this hasard.
(1) Asbestosis. Va are having a somsiderable amount of
* done in asbestes and from observations I as certain that ve
not protecting the usa as ve should. This is a matter of offi-
1 report from several of ear Havy Yards.
Ye are not doing a very bad job of sefety 25 ve have vas
wards, but there vill he a tremendous increase in the number of non-
- 3 -
fatal accidents, some of which will be lost time and some of which will be
non-lest time, with the increase in personnel. This Is already apparent
from the reports from the Tards. If this is not enough to hold then down,
I will give you all the additional information you need.
0. S. Stephenson,
Commander (MO). V. 5. Envy,
In Charge, Iv. of Preventive Medicine,
122
U.S. Navy - U.S. Maritime Commission - Har Shipping Administration
Safety and Industrial Health Program
VIC
C
Report on Investigation
of
Asbestosia from Amosite Pipe Covering at Bath Iron Works
Bath, Maine
December 10, 1944
References: (a) Report of Industrial Health Survey of Sept, 24, 1942.
(b)
"
It
Re-survey of April 9, 10, 1943.
(c)
$
A
Sept. 20.23, 1044.
(a) "Minimum Requirements for Safety and Industrial Health in
Contract Shipyards" approved by U.S. Navy, U.S. Meritime
Commission and er Shipping Administration.
This document contains information affecting the
national defense of the United States within the
meaning of the Espiodage Act 00 U.S.C.; 31 and
32. Its transmission or the revelation of its
contents in DN7 manner to an unauthorized person
is prohibited by law.
BY
N. C. Dreessen, Surgeon, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland
T.. E. Fleischer, Lt. Condr. ET, USHR, Health Consultant
Office of the Regional Director of Construction
D. S. Earitine Count ssion, East Const:
DECLASSIFIED
Authority FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 1982
BY LOT
Date
8/5/05
personnel interviewed:
Dr. E. V. Fullor, Jr
In charge of pre-employment and
periodic check-un physical comminations
This investigation THE made at the direction of the Chief Health Consultant
of the U. S. Caritime Commission, inasmuch as TO had heard that there was concern
among the pipe covering crews who feared that the amosite 17ES causing some res-
piratory troubles.
Medical
There are about 120 workers engaged in han ling asbestos in the Pipe
Coveror's Shop and on board ships under construction. Chest X-rays are being
taken first on those rith the longest extosure, i.e. over two years, of rhich
it is estimated that there are about 50 workers. In the near future all of
the 120 will have , chant nlate taken.
of the 50 workers 38 have already been "-rayed and all of this group have
beon handling asbestos nipc covering from 2 to 9 years. It was interesting to
n to that the two in 'ividuals -ith the longest accosures of 5 and 0 years were
in the older age group, being 59 and 65 years of age respectively. All of the
33 films vere reviowed and 12 of these patients showed significant X-ray changes
consistent with exporture to E dusty environment. Mistory and physical emmin-
ntion by Dr. Fuller indicated that in all of the 30 patients respiratory symptoms
and physical signs Tere ainimal.
On X-ray internetation these 38 patients could be divided into four
groups:
1. The two older workers referred to above, the appearance of whose chest
X-rays THIS consistent with the diagnosis of well established asbestosis.
These plates also showed signs typical of advanced age, such as cardio-
vascular changes, etc.
- 1
2. A of four workers whose exposure was from two and a with half B. tc
four group years whose thest T-ray appearances were consistent
diagnosis of asbestosis.
3. of six morkers whose exposure was from two to two and sufficient a half
A years group and whose chest films showed minimal changes but not
for a definite diagnosis of asbestosis.
4. A of 26 vorkors whose exposure TAS from two to two and 2 half
years Group and whose chest films were considered negative.
It was considered significant that those workers rith the most marked X-ray
changes TeΓe those who presumably were exposed to the heavier concentrations of
dust. such as operators of the band Raily and small rotary nover driven SATS.
In those vorkers whose "-rays were consistent with R diagnosis of asbestosis,
the changes consisted of bilatcrally symmetrical incroased reticulation of the
lung fields resembling a ground Class appearance. Such lung field markings are
indistinguishnble from those induced by chrysotile asbestos. No evidence of
active tuberculosis Y.A.S noted on any of the films.
Description of Pipe Coverer's Shop
This shop occupies about half of a loft and is partially segregated from
sheet metal workers at the other end of the loft. The more dusty Theses of the
work such ES brind saw outting and the mixing troughs are locnted at the far end
of the loft. Local exhaust vontilation ThE installed OTI the band saw several
months ato and removed BOMO of the lust arising during the cutting of nipe
insulation. Respirators wore being worn by several workers using the small
rotary saws. It is not cionted in the near future, that the insurance carrier,
American Nutual Liability Insurance Co., of Boston, Mass., will take dust samales
throughout the shor. The know the personnel of-the insurance carrier, inve #:-
cussed the -roblem with them. and would have complete confidence in their ap-
nruise] of this job.
- 2 -
Recommondations:
1. It is recommended that all of the requining asbestos workers be given a chest
X-ray in the near future.
2. Unless the dust evosure is controlled as outlined below, the workers in
croups 1 and 2 above, should be transferrod to a non-ducty occuration.
3. Grouns 1. 2 and 3 should have & chest X-ray nt yearly intervals.
4. If the dust exhosure is not controlled all asbestos workers should have a
chest T-ray at yearly intervals.
5. Thile the local exhaust on the band saw removes a considerable proportion of
the dust, it is not considered adequate. This ventilation should be c-rrected
so that the dust is removed.
6. Unless properly ventilated the band saw and mixing trough operations should
be isolnted from each other and from the rost of the shon.. All workers on
these operations should went either approved E'r line respirators or respirators
approved for pricumoconiosis-producing dusts.
7. If the dist counts thken by the insurance show, that after isolntion of the
above operations, the amount of nsbostos dust in the general shop is sufficiently
high to produce an asbortosis hazard, then the Cancral ventilation of the shop
should be improved.
Note: Reference (a) recommended as follows:
"Ths conditions in this shop present a very real nsbestosis hazard and
immediate stens should be taken to sogregate the most tusty processes into E
I
well ventilated erer. Local exhaust systems of proper design should be instal led;
however, if conditions cannot be completely controlled in this mannor, then
suitable duct respirators should be worn by the workers. Periodic physical exem-
instions of the chests of all workers should be made."
- 3 of
VI
D
Talk before M.C. on Ont or 20, 1942.
Philip Drinker, sultant to the M.C. and
Professor of In rial Hygione
Harvard School Public Healths
Boston, Kass.
It was decided by the M.C. and the Navy that an industrial health survey
of selected yards should be made. In order that the plan should be carried
out as expeditiously as possible the Navy loaned the MC. two MD's with
industrial experience (from Norfold and Philadelphia yards) and four ensigns,
graduate engineers and chemists, who had been specialized also in industrial
hygiene and venfilation.
In addition, Mr. John Roche of the National Safety Council was asked
to inspect the safety engineering set-ups in many of the yards but there
were several ITS covered which Mr. Roche has not seen.
Our schedule included visits varying from one to three days to six
yards under Navy operation, eleven undor M.C:, and three doing work for
both M.C. and Navy.
Gulf Shipbuilding Corp.
Mobile, Ala.
Houston, Tax.
M.
Houston Shipbuilding Corp.
California Shipbldg. Corp.
Terminal Island, Later
Los Angeles Whinbidg. Corp.
San Palto, L.A.
Western Plps a Docol Corp.
So. San Francisco
Moore L.
ok
Oakloud
Kaisor
Kaisor
To
Portlemi, Oregon
Seattle
30129 Shipbldge Corp.
Gr
Co.
Fouce
Moh.
&
Chio
Latham D. Smith Shipbldg. Co.
Sturgeon Boy, Vis.
M.C.
American Shipbldg. Corp.
Lorain, Ohio
South
:land Shipbldg. Corp.
South Portland, Me.
Tod
I.T. Shipbldg. Corp.
South Tortland, No.
Bath
looks
Mino
Elec Jost Co.
Grossing Conn.
Rhoom
facturing Co.
idense, Rhode Is.
Bethle
-Pairfield Shipbldg. Co.
Ballinero, Maryland
North Carolina Shipbldg. Corp.
Till
C.
M.C.
Tampa Shipbldg. Corp.
Mirida
2
In general, medical set-ups in the M.C. yards were better than in the
Navy operated yards although several experienced firms on Navy contracts
had good medical protection. The MD's steffs in at least two of the Navy
operated yards were way below the caliber of those one sees today in Navy
yards like Boston, Philadelphia, and Norfolk where they have anything from
twelve to twenty-five MD's for 15,000 to 40,000 employees.
The M.C. yards generally had good medical personnel and often had
them in sufficient numbers, but a few yards are short of MD's and it would
be to the M.C.'s interest to see that this situation is corrected quickly.
Similarly, we believe the Navy should help out in some of the Navy operated ye
yards by drawing the necessary personnel from elsewhere.
We believe that these yards whether M.C. or Navy operated should have
at least three doctors for a yard of six thousand men and one doctor for
each additional five thousand.
Inspectors and Visits: In many of the yards -- but by no means all --
both management and medical personnel felt that the doctor's job was to
remain in the yard dispensary and to treat the patients brought to him.
Few of the doctors had the remotest idea what work in double bottoms was
like. They could give no firsthand advice on preventing flash burns, had
no idea what men ought to wear safety shoes, and in one very well run yard
had not the slightest idea what solvents were used in paints or how one
of the men could possibly have been made ill by carbon tetrachloride. That
point of view in industrial medicine is entirely out-of-date. We can show
you manufacturing plants in all parts of the United States where the
industrial physician is a competent physician yet inspects the entire plant
3
several & times a week. He thereby learns what the men are doing and the
men see him and know he is looking after their health and welfare. The
effect of morale is excellent.
We have seen only two yards in which the medical staffs had the slight-
est idea how medical problems were met in other yards. The Navy has, in
my opinion, been particularly remiss in not requiring its medical officers
to visit other yards and especially to visit civilian operated yards. For
instance, Bethlehem Steel Corporation for some years has had large yards in
various parts of the United States. So far as I can find by asking the
doctors at the yards belonging to Bethlehem they have never been visited
by Navy doctors, yet the Navy suddenly has been forced to become one of the
largest industrial employers in the country.
In short, we think M.C. and the Navy should require occasional inter-
yard visits by the medical personnel and these visits should include men
from the Navy yards such as Boston and Norfolk. They should see each other's
set-ups, records, methods of handling patients and they should see something
of the yards.
Provision for Women: Very few yards have made medical provisions for
employing women although most of them realize fully that women are certain
to be employed extensively in the very near future. It is, of course,
obvious that dispensaries must be enlarged in order to take care of this
new class of employees.
Air Raid Precautions: Very few yards have provided emergency first aid
depots against air raids. We believe a national plan should be made 80 that
no yard will be caught with all its medical supplies in one building.
4
Co-operative Hospital Plan: In the Kaiser yards at Richmond, Portland and
Vancouver, Dr. Sidney Garfield has organized a medical insurance scheme
which goes a good deal further than the Blue Cross plan which is in such
wide use now throughout the country. These yards, for fifty to sixty cents
weekly, will give shipyard employees complete medical ans hospital care.
If the man is too ill to come to the hospital himself they send a doctor
to him and bring him to the hospital if necessary. Garfield expects to
expand this service to include care of the workers' families. The effect
on stabilizing the laboring population is very good. We have seen nothing
in the yards in other parts of the country in any way comparable and
recommend the scheme for serious consideration.
Turnover and Overtime Work: We do not believe either .C. or the Navy is
strict enough about requiring a day off regularly every week, including
executives, for all employees. Men in all salaried groups are ready enough
to work seven days a week and foremen are particularly eager to do it' be-
cause of the extra pay. The arguments against continuous work leave no
ground on which the practice can be supported and we urge in the strongest
terms that a day off in every six or seven be required of all persons.
A day off scheduled in advance is one of the best preventatives against
migration and turnover.
Accident Records: I do not consider the present M.C. accident report
adequate. We think it should be made a little more complete so that one
can tell from time to time how many flash burns of the eye occur, how many
broken toes, and the like. You can get such information from the forms
used in the Navy yards like Boston's but you can't t get it from M.C. yards.
5
You now can find out easily the number of accidents causing absences of
seven days or more but can't tell how many accidents causing a few hours
lost time or 8. few days occur. MC should know the score from anything
which makes men go to the dispensary -- such trips cause lost time. The
M.C. can get such information easily with very little change over the record
system now in use.
Safety Departments and Accident Insurance: In most of the yards visited
the Safety Department is short on personnel and has not enough authority.
In some of the M.C. yards the safety engineer from the insurance carrier
has an office adjoining that of the yard and they work together. In other
M.C. yards the insurance man was looked upon as an unmitigated nuisance
and had little or no authority.
We are far from satisfied with the present insurance set-up in M.C.
yards. Unlike other items which ought to enter into the cost estimates on
ship construction, insurance against accidents and health in M.C. yards
comes in under cost plus. The private manufacturer or mining company on
the other hand, properly charges accidents and industrial disease against
costs of production. The result is, in the M.C. work, it is not worth
cash to anyone to reduce accidents and lost time. The private manufacturer,
on the other hand, has to keep down accidents whether he is insured or not
because adverse results appear very promptly in his production costs. At
the present time the inducement to keep down industrial accidents and ill
health is entirely that of plain decency and common sense. We believe
very strongly that conditions can be improved greatly if it is made
financially attractive both to men and management to do SO. We suggest
6
a bonus and penalty arrangement for lost time for all causes and suggest
that the arguments pro and con be put before appropriate labor-management
committees and handled through them. We do not imply any criticism of the
insurance carriers because of the present situation. Definitely it is not
their fault and has come about largely because of the great haste necessary
to get our national shipbuilding program under way.
Physical Exams: On the west coast the labor contract includes a very
unfortunate stipulation that no physical exams of any kind are to be given
men either pre-employment or check-up. From the health standpoint it
would be hard to devise an item which will do more harm to labor. Admitting
the misuse of such exams in the past by a few thoroughly stupid employers
and insurance carriers it does not follow that all employers and all
insurance carriers are bad. We saw in one very well run yard on the west
coast men exposed to dangerous amounts of asbestos dust used in pipe cover-
ings and on breechings. These men should be. examined every six months but
now cannot be because of the labor contract. In all yards bodomotive
operators, painters, and certain others should be examined periodically.
A failure to do so is dangerous to the man himself and often to his fellow
workers.
Respirators: On the east coast but not on the west red lead paint is
sprayed. We approve of this and, if properly done, do not consider it a
health risk, but greater care should be exercised in the east coast yards
than now is in effect or lead poisoning will certainly occur. Most of the
yards on all coasts are either careless or ignorant or both in the use of
respiratory protective equipment. This situation should be corrected and
7
corrected promptly by having occasional shipyard safety meetings (which
are held frequently) devoted to the use of respiratory protective equip-
ment.
Ventilation: The ventilation of ships under construction is handled diff-
erently in every yard. Few of them appear to have any appreciation of the
fact that the same problems occur in all yards. In general, it seems to us
that the best results are attained when the ventilation department comes
under "safety" although we have heard very convincing arguments that venti-
ation belongs properly to the electrical department or to the welding
department. We saw but one yard with a man who really knew any ventilation
engineering and was applying his knowledge to make conditions comfortable
for the men. In most yards, fans and duct work were handled about as our
office stenographers would handle common desk fans.
Practically no yards have taken any trouble to educate the men,
especially welders and painters in the use of local exhausts On many
occasions we saw welders in double bottoms failing entirely to use good
equipment intelligently. Men doing spray painting and sandblasting generally
have no conception of what respiratory protection they should have, and
often we found that the foremen and leadermen understood the risks of the
job no better. The correction of such ignorance can only be brought about
gradually by safety meetings with appropriate short talks. We feel confident
that the personnel we suggest for a permanent M.C. medical organization
will be entirely competent to give such talks in each of the yards as they
visit them.
Several of the yards had devised various ways of improving ventilation
of fore and after peaks during prefabrication. Certain plates are left off.
8
In one Navy operated yard, permission had been given to leave out a plate
while installing a prefabricated forepeak. The result was excellent
ventilation. In our opinion, a uniform policy in regard to such matters
should be formulated in which it should be possible to state what ventilation
in c.f.m. is required for specific jobs and what plates are to be left off
during construction. As M.C. knows, there are frequent complaints about
the lack of ventilation in various welding jobs, especially on G.I. and in
many cases, the complaints are justifiable. In one of the labor contracts,
it is stated that workers are to get pay and a half on jobs in which the
conditions are unsatisfactory. In our opinion, it is no longer excusable
to have such conditions.
Goggles: The use of anti-flash goggles (shade 2 or 21) beneath welding
shields of 10 shade is practiced in some yards, but most of them have no
clear cut policy. Both M.C. and Navy are very lax in preventing eye flashes,
the commonest trouble encountered in ship yards. The use of portable weld-
ing screens around welding jobs, especially in prefabrication work, is very
sketchy in both M.C. and Navy yards. This is the safety departments' job,
but the results will remain at their present unsatisfactory level unless the
safety departments are given more authority and unless much more is expected
of them.
Unknown Chemicals: There is no systematic labeling of solvents used for
paint spraying, brush cleaning and the like in any yard, and no one
now is held respinsible for seeing that proper precautions are taken in
using toxic solvents. Industry - and M.C. belongs - no longer can order
and get just what it wants. It uses what is available. But the medical
and safety departments in all yards should be. held accountable for the
9
toxicity of anything used in the yard. In private manufacturing plants,
this responsibility is thus assigned, and the purchasing department notifies
the medical and safety departments when any new substance is to be used.
Makers of solvents must state the chemical names of these ingredients, but
there is no reason why they should not use their special trade names which
usually are a lot simpler than the chemical names.
Safety Stores: The dispensing of special equipment like safety shoes, goggles
and gloves, is handled differently in each yard. While we approve of such
autonomy, we insist that safety equipment ought to be made available with the
minimum of inconvenience to the men. You cannot expect the average workman
to go to the trouble of going downtown to a shoe store to get a pair of
safety shoes. He simply won't do it, human nature being what it is. The
stores should be in the yard. We don't blame M.C. or the Navy for keeping
out of the shoe business, but if toe accidents reach the levels in certain
Navy yards where they now are, the Navy and no one else is accountable. (I
am aware of the Federal law which prevents a yard granting an exclusive sales
right to one shoe manufacturer.) In some yards the management sells the
shoes at cost, but I know of one private manufacturer who subsidizes each
pair of shoes to the tune of one dollar, and then fires any workman who fails
to wear safety shoes when required. So far as our opinion goes, it makes
no difference how the problem is handled, but I think we have every right
to insist that safety shoes, hard hats, and goggles be worn on special jobs.
A great many yards now are very backward in these safety measures and attempt
to pass the buck to safety equipments manufacturers who cannot keep up with
the demand. We inspected safety supplies in every yard we visited, and in
10
many cases saw abundant supplies when the men in the yards were not using
them.
G.I.: Metal fume fever is a temporary illness which results from breath-
ing zinc oxide evolved when G.I. is welded by either gas or electricity.
It is known to any man who works in G.I. The effects are not cumulative,
like lead poisoning, but they are undeniably unpleasant. In our opinion,
both the Navy and the M.C. would build ships faster and have less trouble
all around if they reduced to the absolute minimum the amount of G.I. now
being used, especially on destroyers.
11
new being used, especially on dest
Welding Painted Surfaces: In every MC yard visited and in some Navy operated
yards, we noted apparent lack of coordination between the inspection and the
paint departments. It is the usual practice to paint all surfaces, includ-
ing seams and edges, as soon as possible after erection is complete, and ever
before erection. Then the inspector chalks off a place which has to be re-
welded. The welder picks up the mark and does the job, always without clean-
ing off the lead paint. He simply boils it off with his electric arc. We
would call attenti n to the fact that one of the worst epidemics of lead
poisoning our country experienced was from following out the provisions of
the ship dismantling treaty when we cut up some of our old ships with acet-
ylene torches. Lsad poisoning resulted from volatilizing lead paint on pipes,
deck plates, girders, and the like. We have not seen a single yard taking
proper precautions to prevent lead poisoning from welding painted surfaces,
although some of the East Coast yards now are doing routine examinations of
the men to detect early lead absorption. What we urge then, is that MC
require painting after welding jobs are done and not before.
Open Air Sandblasting: In the Portsmouth and Norfolk Navy yards, and in
two Gulf coast yards, we have seen sandblasting doen out doors in order to
clean surfaces for galvanising and one West Coast and two Great Lakes yards,
we have seen ship bottoms sandblasted prior to painting. It is easy enough to
protect the sand blaster so that he runs no danger of getting silicosis from
breathing excessive amounts of silica (sand), but it is difficult to protect
the helper and the men who must 800 to the sand supply. When the wind is
favorable, there probably isn't much danger to others but as we have seen the
operation carried out, it is unquestionably a silicosis risk to several men.
12
as well as an eye hazard. If the Navy eliminates or reduces greatly,
galvanizing, there probably will be much less sandblasting and our
criticisms then will not apply, but as things were being done at the
time of our visits, silicosis is well nigh certain. If sandblasting
is to be continued, it should be enclosed in a modern sandblasting
chamber. The argument that such chambers are not large enough to
take destroyer hull plates is refuted by the fact that the Pullman
Company today sand blasts an entire railroad car indoors, while sand-
blasting freight care is practicedeby several of the railroads in their
repair shops.
Salvage: With two exceptions - and these were privately operated yards on
Navy contracts - the salvage programs in all yards visited left much to
be desired. It is our opinion that failure to salvage and re-use paint
cans, nuts, bolts, rivets, and the like is, more the fault of MC and the
Navy than of the contractors. With metal shortage now playing such a
vital part in our national program, it is hard to excuse present waste-
ful methods.
Housekeeping and Sanitation: The new yards which are not cramped for
space generally are neat and ship-shape, especially those to which Navy
Engineers are detailed. We found no yard that had a cafeteria or cant-
eens which compared at all with those one can see in many large plants
throughout the country. Some MC contractors stated flatly that either
they were going to run a shipyard or a series of cafeterias, but not both.
We sympathize with the yard managers, but we doubt if the answer
to the difficulty consists in getting rid of the cafeterias. Good food,
13
decently served, is one of the best labor stabilizers known,
We suggest that both the M.C. and the Navy should consider this
problem fully and take action together. There are several possible
courses: (1) Hire experienced caterers in each district to run the
cafeterias, (2) Have local caterers each day stock canteens placed around
the yards and sell milk, hot coffee, and possibly soup, (3) Have a local
caterer outside the gates sell wrapped sandwiches to men who now have
no way of getting their own lunches, (4) Do nothing whatever except
to see that local health authorities exert reasonable control over lunch
wagons and small restaurants which spring up outside the yard.
We would point out that firms like General Electric, General Motors,
and American Viscose now operate cafeterias on a very large scale, The
food is so good that the men are very apt to take their principal meal
at the plant, and many of the plants have such cafeterias open 24 hours
daily and serve the meals to men and women who have only 20-30 minutes
available.
General clean-ups of lunch scraps were good in most yards but very
sloppy in others. In a few yards, especially in the warm climates along
the gulf, rats became more than just a nuisance and the board of health
was asked to clean them out, but this was unusual.
Most yards are near large cities which often dump their untreated
sewage into the harbor near the yards. Naturally, the yards dispose of
their sewage similarly. In one yard; we suggested that the plant
doctor's program of typhoid innoculations of men working near the water
be carried out, but we rather doubt if sewage, water supply, or mosquit-
088 will prove a health menace in shipyards. In general, these items
have received proper consideration.
14
Permanent Industrial Medical Set-up for MC and Navy Operated Yards;
In our opinion a permanent industrial medical and industrial hygiene
set-up for MC is desirable. From talks with AFL and CIO officials it was
clear that both unions would welcome such MChaction. It would, in our opin-
ion, be a serious mistake to create a large office or to centralize and co-
ordinate medical control through a single bureau. But many of these yards
need help and some of them soon are going to get lead poisoning and other
industrial disease cases in fair number.
We suggest the following:
A full time medical director taken from industry.
An assistant medical director taken from the Navy Medical
Corps with the rank of lieutenant or Lt. Commander.
At least six engineers trained in industrial hygiene taken
either from the Navy, the Army, or from industry.
We need at least two laboratories to handle the chemical and medical
work which will result. One available lab is at the Harvard School of Public
Health while we are confident suitable arrangements for another can be made
with the California State Industrial Hygiene Bureau at Berkely, Celifornia.
It will be necessary to hire one chemist, preferably a woman, for each of
these labs for analyses just as such samples are now handled by many of the
state hygiene bureaus and by several of the insurance companies.
COPY
from
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
Record Group
178
ADD. INFO.
Prod. Piv.
Box 534
Portland yds
VI E
TO THE MARITIME COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH SURVEY
of the
SOUTH PORTLAND SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION
and the
TODD - BATH IRONWORKS
SOUTH PORTLAND, MAINE
September 18, 19, 22, 1942.
Philip Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health
H. K. Sessions, Lt. Cmdr., (MC) U.S.N.
T. P. Connelly, Lt., (MC) U.S.N.
Kenneth W. Nelson, Ensign H-V(S) U.S.N.R.
Morwick Ross, Ensign H-V(S) U.S.N.R.
L. H. Woodman, Ensign H-V(S) U.S.N.R.
11
Water Supply: The water supply of the city of Portland is furnished
to both of these yards. An elevated tank containing city water is prov-
ided for fire protection. No health hazards are involved.
Sewerage: Alllsewage from the yards is disposed of by discharge directly
into the ocean. The city of Portland disposes of its wastes in this
manner, and the yards merely follow suit. Adequate toilet facilities,
conveniently located, are provided for both yards.
Cafeteria: The major defect in both of the cafeterias was the entire
lack of control of flies. They were extremely numerous in all parts of
the cafeterias. A detailed inspection of the South Portland Yard's
cafeteria has been made by the Maine State Health Department officials,
and the report shown to us. It is planned to have the cafeteria at the
Todd-Bath yard inspected also.
Housing: There is a housing shortage, but apparently it is gradually
being solved without involving any health hazards.
Mosquito Control: No mosquito control program for health reasons is
necessary.
Housekeeping: The general housekeeping in these two yards was poor. The
ships were especially dirty with chippings, shavings, nuts, bolts, etc.
all over the decks. The appearance of the yard grounds was also messy.
Pipe Covering Shop: Both yards had shops where asbestos coverings were
made for the pipes in the ships. The work involved was the cutting and
pounding of the asbestos matting into the desired shapes. The process
created a very real asbestos hazard, as the dust and fibers were found
all over the shops on rafters, machines, benches, and on the workmen's
clothing. The most dusty processes should be segregated into a well
ventilated room and periodic examinations of the worker's chests should
be made.
Rubbish and Garbage Disposal: The yards incinerate all rubbish while the
garbage is collected and hauled away by an outside contractor. Perhaps
an inadequate number of rubbish containers contribute to the poor house-
keeping in the yards.
R019 Entry1266
UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
VI F
55 Shattuck St.
Boston 15, Mass.
RECEIVED
January 8, 1944
Bureau of Ships
R10 Jan
AUG 17 1981
Navy Department
Washington, D. C.
LEGAL Benef
Gentlemen:
Attn: Captain Ingram, Room 2074, Building T5
trial Hygiene Division of New Jersey, Trenton, New Jersey, in which Mr. Hazard
Yesterday I received a long distance call from Mr. W. G. Hazard, Indus-
stated that the union men at New York Shipbuilding Co. had asked their help
regarding constructing. the use of Amosite for pipe insulation on Navy vessels they are
what protection, if any, is needed.
is Amosite used, (2) will the Navy allow the use of anything else, and (3)
off and who is distinctly on the reasonable side. They ask: (1) how generally put
I happen to know the union official, McCloskey, who is not easily
It seems to me these are reasonable questions and should be answered.
to I know Hazard very well - he is a U. S. Public Health Service officer assigned
on with its job and do it without damaging anyone's health.
New Jersey for the duration. His only desire is to help the company get
found the Amosite to be mostly asbestos. Dust counts in the room where the
Hazard stated that Dr. Goldman of the Bethesda Labs (U.S.P.H.S.)
men were working were very much higher than anyone would recommend - they
ran up to 25 million. A figure of 5 million for asbestos is recommended.
If this material must be used, I suggest the men be required to wear
Bureau of Mines dust respirators approved for the nuisance dusts, or else
the job ought to be ventilated.
that the material be applied wet. If the latter expedient is impracticable
We would point out that we had some bad spots in baby aircraft carrier
construction at our Kaiser Vancouver yard. After a little bit of work with
the Labor-Management group we got the men to wear air line respirators and
they now use them without making any objection. The use of dust respirators
in both Navy and Maritime- yards is sketchy. Both organizations could
Iot of trouble by having them used more - just as the mining industry has save done. a
FOR VICTORY
BUY
UNITED
STATES
WAR
BONDS
...
STAMPS
1200588- - A
UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Page 2.
Tie It can be easily better a labor disturbance, especially if we ignore the urgent.
Please have write or telephone as soon as possible as the matter is
me 2380). I will then phone Hazard at once or you can.
LONgwood may to handle it verbally - hence the request that you telephone complaint.
Sincerely yours,
Cc: Comdr. H. K. Sessions
Philip Drinker
U. S. Maritime Commission
Chief Health Consultant
Philadelphia, Penna.
RR
CODE
BUY
UNITED
STATES
WAR
- 20 n ZOe
S39-2
330
POLICTORY
EU
S48
BONDS
HW
***
STAMPS
9837 am/newyorks8
8C
U.S. Navy - U.S. Maritime Commission - Mar Shipping Administration
Safety and Industrial Health Program
G
Report on Investigation
of
Asbestosis from Amosite Pipe Covering at Bath Iron Works
Bath, Maine
December 10, 1944
References: (a) Report of Industrial Health Survey of Sept, 24, 1942.
(b)
11
&
"
Re-survey of April 9, 10, 1943.
(c)
3
n
Sept. 20.23, 1044.
(a) "Minimum Requirements for Safety and Industrial Health in
Contract Shipyards" approved by U.S. Navy, U.S. Meritime
Commission and Tar Shipping Administration.
This document contains information affecting the
national defense of the United Ststes within the
meaning of the Espionage Act 00 U.S.C.; 31 and
32. Its transmission or the revalation of its
contents in Guy manner to an unauthorized person
is prohibited by law
BY
IT, C. Dresssen, Surgeon, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland
T. E. Fleischer, Lt. Condr. ET, USHR, Health Consultant
Office of the Regional Director of Construction
D. 5. Earitine Commission, East Const:
DECLASSIFIED
Authority FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 1982
BY
LDJ
8
NARA, Date 8/5/05
personnel interviewed:
Dr. E. U. Fullor, Jr
In charge of pre-employment and
periodic check-un T) vsical cumminations
This investigation was made at the direction of the Chief Health Consultant
of the U. S. Caritine Commission, inasmuch as 1.0 had heard that there was concern
among the pipe covering crews who feared that the amosite ITES causing SOMO res-
piratory troubles.
Medical
There are about 120 workers engaged in handling asbestos in the Pipe
Coveror's Shop and on board ships under construction. Chest X-rays are being
taken first on those rith the longest exposure, i.e. over two years, of rhich
it is estimated that there are About 50 workers. In the near future all of
the 120 will have n chant nlate taken.
of the 50 York TO 38 have already been "-rayed and all of this group have
beon handling asbestos pipe covering from 2 to 9 years. It was interesting to
n to that the two in 'ividuals with the longest exposures of 5 and 0 years "ere
in the older age group, being 59 and 65 years of age respectively. All of the
38 films Tere reviowed and 12 of these patients showed lgnificant X-ray changes
consistent with exporture to & dusty environment. llistory end physical emmin-
ntion by Dr. Fuller indicated that in all of the 38 patients respiratory symptoms
and physical signs Tere minimal.
On X-ray internetation these 38 patients could be divided into four
groups:
1. The two older workers referred to above, the appoarance of whose chest
X-rays THIS consistent with the diagnosis of well established asbestosis.
These plates also showed signs typical of advanced n.;e, such as cardio-
vascular changes, etc.
- 1
2. A of four workers whose emosure was from two and a with wi half a to
four [roup years whose chest T-ray appourances were consistent
dingnosis of asbestosis.
3. of six workers whose exmosure was from two to two not and sufficient a half
A years group and whose chest films showed minimal changes but
for a definite diagnosis of asbestosis.
4. A of 26 vorkors whose exposure TAS from two to two and a half
years group and whose chest films were considered negative.
It was considered significant that those workers with the most marked X-ray
changes rere those who presumably were exposed to the heavier concentrations of
dust, such as operators of the band saw and small rotary nower driven saws.
In those rorkers whose "-rays were consistent with R diagnosis of asbestosis,
the changes consisted of bilatcrally symmetrical increased reticulation of the
lung fields resembling a ground Class appearance. Such lung field markings are
indistinguishnble from those induced by chrysotile nsbestos. No evidence of
active tuberculosis was noted on any of the films.
Description of Pipe Coverer's Shop
This shop occupies about half of a loft and is partially segregated from
sheet metal workors at the other end of the loft. The more dusty whases of the
work such ES brind saw cutting and the mixing troughs are located at the far end
of the loft. Local exhaust ventilation TTS installed ON the band saw several
months ato and removes SOMO of the last arising during then cutting of nipe
insulation. Respirators were being worn by several workers using the small
rotary saws. It is not:cionted in the near future, that the insurance carrier,
American Nutual Liability Insurance Co., of Boston, Muss., will take dust samples
throughout the shor. The know the personnel of-the insurance carrier, inve As-
cussed the problem with them and would have complete confidence in their np-
nruise] of this job.
- 2 -
Recommondations:
1. It is recommended that all of the remaining asbestos workers be given a chest
X-ray in the near future.
2. Unless the dust emosure is controlled as outlined below, the workers in
groups 1 and 2 above, should be transferrod to a non-dusty occuration.
3. Crouns 1, 2 and 3 should have B. chest X-ray nt yearly intervals.
4. If the dust exhosure 1a not controlled all asbestos workers should have B.
chest T-ray at yearly intervals.
5. "hile the local exhaust on the band saw removes a considerable proportion of
the dust, it is not considered adequate. This ventilation should be c-rrected
so that the dust is removed.
6. Unless properly ventilated the band saw and mixing trough operations should
be isolnted from each other and from the rost of the shon. All workers on
these operations should wear either approved Eir line respirators or resuirators
approved for prcumoconiosis-producing dusts.
7. If the dust counts then by the insurance show, that after isolntion of the
above operations, the amount of nabostos dust in the general shop is sufficiently
high to produce an asbortosis hazard, then the Ceneral ventilation of the shop
should be improved.
Note: Reference (a) recommended as follows:
"Ths conditions in this shop present a very real asbestosis hazard and
immediate steps should be taken to sogregate the most tusty processes into a
I
well ventilated aren. Local exhaust systems of proper design should be installed;
however, if conditions cannot be completely controlled in thin mannor, then
suitable duct respirators should be worn by the workers. Periodic physical SXET:-
irations of the chests of all Torkers should be made."
- 3 -
RG178 Entry 90 Box 456
Todd-Paci;
75271
VI I
E
U. S. NAVY - U. S. MARITIME COMMISSION - WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRA
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM
VI
H
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RE-SURVEY
of the
TODD PACIFIC SHIPYARDS INC.
SEATTLE DIVISION
formerly the
SEATTLE TACOMA SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION
JULY 12 - 20, 1945
Reference: (a) "Minimum Requirements for Safety and
Industrial Health in Contract Shipyards"
Approved by the U. S. Maritime Commission
and U. S. Navy, February 9, 1943
(b) Industrial Health and Safety Survey
of the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp.
Flant "A" and "B", Seattle Division
Scattle, Washington
dated July 2 - 7, 1943, conducted by
F. W. Johnson, Regional Safety Consultant
Robert S. Poos, Lt. Condr. (MC) USN
James F. Morgan, Lt. (j.g.) H-V (s) USNR
(c) Industrial Health and Safety Survey
of the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp.
Plant "A" and "B", Seattle, Washington
dated January 11 - 13, 1944, conducted by
Harry G. Beck, Comdr., (MC) USNR
Ass't Chief Health Consultant
John F. Ege, Jr., Lt. (j.g.) H-V(S) USNR
Morwick Ross, Lt. (j.g.) H-V(s) USNR
Regional Health Consultants
This document contains Information affecting the
national datanse of the United States within the mean-
ing of the Espionage Act U.S.C. 50; 31 and 32. Its
transmission or the revelation of its contents in any
monner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by
law,"
Condr. Harry G. Beck, (MC), USNR
Ass't Chief Health Consultant
Lee O. Hughos
Regional Safety Consultant
Lt. Lowell G. Wayno H(S), USNR
Regional Health Consultant
DECLASSIFIED
BY Authority LDT FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION
NARA, Date 8/5/05
VENTILATION (cont'd)
"3.
In shop installations seok to replace flexible actal hose
that is in use as permanent duct work with sheet cetal."
Comment:
No substantial progress has beon made toward the
roalization of these rocommendations. In goneral, provisions
for the air supply on the hulls are quite offective, but local
exhaust arrangements are poor. This is a serious handicap to
the ventilation program as much of the welding in this yard is
done on galvanized naterial. A great deal of flexible netal
tubing of 2-1/2" diameter is in uso, most of it strung together
in lengths long enough to be practically inoffective. No
flanges or hoods aro in use, and metal fuce respirators of
proper shape to fit under wolders' helmets are not available.
The recommendations of references (b) and (c) on this
subject are still applicable.
ASBESTOS AND FIBERGLAS INSULATION
"1.
Institute regular clean-up of Asbestos Shop.
"2.
Provide satisfactory dust collection hood over the saws.
"3.
Make use of water spray to keep down the dust when cutting
amosite on the tables.
"4.
Arrange to have respirators sterilized, cleaned and repaired
and provide clean place for their storage."
Comment:
There has boen no satisfactory compliance with any of
these recommendations.
- 5 -