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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Roberts, John G.: Files
Folder Title: JGR/Sofaer, Abraham
(1 of 3)
Box: 49
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 5, 1985
TO:
John Roberts
FROM:
FRED F. FIELDING
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR YOURINFORMATION:
Please review the check-marked
publications.
ublications:
Note, "Federal Habeas Corpus for State Prisoners:
The Isolation Principle," 39 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 78 (1964).
With Hon J. Skelly Wright, "Federal Habeas Corpus for
State Prisoners: The Allocation of Fact-Finding
Responsibility," 75 Yale L.J. 894 (1966).
"The Change-of-Status Adjudication A Case Study of
the Informal Agency Process." 1J. of Legal Studies
349 (1972).
"Judicial Control of Informal Discretionary
Adjudication and Enforcement," 72 Colum. L. Rev.
1293 (1972).
"Financing Public Education in New York State: An
Analysis of the Fleischmann Commission Report," 48 N.Y.U.L.
Rev. 1 (1973).
Book Review, "R. Berger, Executive Privilege:
A Constitutional Myth," 88 Harv. L. Rev. 281 (1974).
With Joann Engelke Macbeth, "Recent Developments in Local
Government," The Urban Lawyer 1 (1975).
Executive Privilege: An Historical Note," 75 Colum. L Rev.
1318 (1975).
War. Foreign Affairs and Constitutional Power: The Origins
(1976).
"The Presidency, War and Foreign Affairs: Practice Under
the Framers," 1976 Law and Contemp. Prob. 12.
Executive Power and the Control of Information: Practice
Under the Framers," 1976 Duke L.J. 1. Brainerd Currie
Lecture, Duke University School of LEW.
Book Review, "Henry J. Bourguinon. The First Federal Court:
The Federal Appellate Prize Court of the
American Revolution, 1775-1787," Am. Hist. Rev., Dec.
1978, PP. 1339-40.
"The Science Court: Unscientific end Unsound," 9 Env.
Law 1(1979).
"Emergency Power and the HeΓo of New Orleans," 2
Cardozo L. Rev. 233 (1981).
"Sanctioning Attorneys for Discovery Abuse," 57 St. John's
L. Rev. 680 (1983).
"Crime and Punishment - - Lessons from the Bible,"
N.Y.L. Journal, May 15, 1984, p. 1, col 3.
-
file:
abroham Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Alan F. Holmer
General Counsel
U.S. Trade Representative
fate
Washington, D.C. 20506
sifaer
Dear Alan:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as trade and jurisdiction to enforce
our laws regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I
would like to invite the U.S. Trade Representative to join with
us and other federal agencies in developing a set of final
suggestions for modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any
potential difficulties for the government and improve this
potentially influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with. supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the U.S. Trade Representative
and its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Jim J. Marquez
General Counsel
Department of Transportation
Washington, D.C. 20590
Dear Mr. Marquez:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as jurisdiction to enforce our laws
regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I would like
to invite the Department of Transportation to join with us and
other federal agencies in developing a set of final suggestions
for modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any potential
difficulties for the government and improve this potentially
influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of
Transportation and its assistance in a coordinated effort to
seek any modifications which are called for. David Small,
Assistant Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and
Communications Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort
for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable J. Michael Farrell
General Counsel
Department of Energy
Washington, D.C. 20585
Dear Mr. Farrell:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as jurisdiction to enforce our laws
regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I would like
to invite the Department of Energy to join with us and other
federal agencies in developing a set of final suggestions for
modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any potential
difficulties for the government and improve this potentially
influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of Energy and
its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Chapman B. Cox
General Counsel
Department of Defense
Washington, D.C. 20301
Dear Mr. Cox:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised) : The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as jurisdiction to enforce our laws
regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I would like
to invite the Department of Defense to join with us and other
federal agencies in developing a set of final suggestions for
modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any potential
difficulties for the government and improve this potentially
influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of Defense and
its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Robert M. Kimmitt
General Counsel
Department of The Treasury
Washington, D.C. 20220
Dear Mr. Kimmitt:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as trade and jurisdiction to enforce
our laws regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I
would like to invite the Department of the Treasury to join
with us and other federal agencies in developing a set of final
suggestions for modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any
potential difficulties for the government and improve this
potentially influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of the Treasury
and its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Daniel L. Goelzer
General Counsel
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
Dear Mr. Goelzer:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised) : The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as trade and jurisdiction to enforce
our laws regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I
would like to invite the Commission to join with us and other
federal agencies in developing a set of final suggestions for
modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any potential
difficulties for the government and improve this potentially
influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Commission and its
assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any modifications
which are called for. David Small, Assistant Legal Adviser for
Economics, Business and Communications Affairs (632-0242) is
coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
CC: Mr. Gary Lynch
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable Douglass Riggs
General Counsel
Department of Commerce
Washington, D.C. 20230
Dear Mr. Riggs:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft. As the enclosed table of contents
indicates, the Restatement touches on matters of concern to the
Government generally, such as trade and jurisdiction to enforce
our laws regarding persons or conduct abroad. Therefore, I
would like to invite the Department of Commerce to join with us
and other federal agencies in developing a set of final
suggestions for modifications in the Restatement, to reduce any
potential difficulties for the government and improve this
potentially influential publication.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of Commerce and
its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
United States Department of State
The Legal Adviser
Washington, D.C. 20520
August 8, 1985
The Honorable D. Lowell Jensen
Deputy Attorney General
Department of Justice
Washington, D.C. 20530
Dear Lowell:
As a result of the requests made by Attorney General Meese
and Acting Secretary of State Kenneth Dam in April, the
American Law Institute (ALI) has delayed final promulgation of
the Restatement (Revised): The Foreign Relations Law of the
United States until May 1986 and has just distributed a
comprehensive draft.
The ALI deadline for filing comments on the draft is
December, 1985. I plan to have the State Department's review
of it completed in early September, in order to maximize the
opportunity to work with the Restatement Reporters and the ALI
Council this fall on any specific changes called for. We are
focussing on precise suggested drafting changes for the black
letter and commentary, with supporting legal argument and
authority. Suggestions to correct or improve the Reporters'
Notes are of secondary importance, since these are not voted on
or adopted by the ALI.
I would welcome the views of the Department of Justice and
its assistance in a coordinated effort to seek any
modifications which are called for. David Small, Assistant
Legal Adviser for Economics, Business and Communications
Affairs (632-0242) is coordinating this effort for my office.
Sincerely,
Abraham D. Sofaer
Cleared: L - EVerville
DS
Drafted:L/EBC:DSmall
8/6/85 632-0242
0350Q
RESTATEMENT OF FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW
(REVISED)
COMPREHENSIVE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Vol. 1
Reference
Foreword
xi
-
Introduction to Revised Restatement
1
1. Foreign Relations Law of the United States
5
PART I
INTERNATIONAL LAW
AND ITS RELATION TO UNITED STATES LAW
CHAPTER 1
INTERNATIONAL LAW: CHARACTER AND SOURCES
Introductory Note
17
101. International Law Defined
25
102. Sources of International Law
28
103. Evidence of International Law
43
CHAPTER 2
STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND AGREEMENTS IN
UNITED STATES LAW
Introductory Note
49
131. International Law and Agreements as Law of the United States
52
132. Determination and Interpretation of International Law: Law of
the United States
71
133. International Law and Agreements in Courts in the United
States
74
134. Interpretation of Federal Statute in Light of International Law or
Agreement
76
135. Inconsistency Between International Law or Agreement and Do-
mestic Law: Law of the United States
17
PART II
PERSONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Introductory Note
85
xi
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 1
STATES
201. State Defined
87
Subchapter A. Recognition or Acceptance of States and Governments
202. Recognition or Acceptance of States
92
203. Recognition or Acceptance of Governments
101
204. Authority as to Recognition and Diplomatic Relations: Law of the
United States
108
205. Effect of Non-Recognition: Law of the United States
110
Subchapter B. Capacities, Rights and Duties of States
206. Capacities, Rights and Duties of States
113
207. Attribution of Conduct to States
117
Subchapter C. Succession of States
208. Succession of States
121
209. State Succession: State Property and Contracts
124
210. State Succession: International Agreements
131
Subchapter D. States and Individual or Corporate Nationality
214. Nationality of Individuals
140
215. Nationality and Citizenship of Individuals: Law of the United
States
147
216. Nationality of Corporations
152
CHAPTER 2
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Introductory Note
163
217. International Organization Defined
164
218. Membership in International Organizations
168
219. International Organizations: Capacities, Rights and Duties
172
PART III
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
Introductory Note
179
CHAPTER 1
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS: DEFINITION, NATURE AND SCOPE
301. Definitions
188
302. Scope of International Agreements: Law d the United States
195
xii
Section
Reference
303. Authority to Make International Agreements: Law of the United
States
206
CHAPTER 2
THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
311. Capacity and Authority to Conclude International Agreements
225
312. Entry into Force of International Agreements
230
313. Reservations
245
314. Reservations and Understandings: Law of the United States
258
CHAPTER 3
EFFECT AND INTERPRETATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
321. Binding Force of Agreement
264
322 Scope of Agreement: Time and Territory
266
323. Successive International Agreements
264
324. Effect of International Agreements for Non-Party States
271
325. Interpretation of International Agreements
276
326. Authority to Interpret International Agreements: Law of the
United States
287
CHAPTER 4
INVALIDITY AND TERMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
331. Invalidity of Consent to International Agreement
293
332. Termination or Denunciation of International Agreement
301
333. Suspension of Operation of International Agreement
306
334. Amendment or Modification of International Agreement
309
335. Material Breach of International Agreement
314
336. Fundamental Change of Circumstances
318
337. Procedure with Respect to Invalidity, Termination, or Suspension
of Agreement
326
338. Consequences of Invalidity, Termination, or Suspension of
Agreement
329
339. Authority to Modify, Suspend, or Terminate International Agree-
ment: Law of the United States
333
Vol. 2
PART IV
JURISDICTION AND JUDGMENTS
Introductory Note
334
401. Categories of Jurisdiction
342
xiii
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 1
JURISDICTION TO PRESCRIBE
Subchapter A. Principles of Jurisdiction to Prescribe
Introductory Note
345
402. Bases of Jurisdiction to Prescribe
348
403. Limitations on Jurisdiction to Prescribe
355
404. Universal Jurisdiction to Define and Punish Selected Offenses
868
Subchapter B. Principles of Jurisdiction Applied
Introductory Note
372
411. Jurisdiction to Tax: The Basic Rule
373
412. Jurisdiction to Tax: Basic Rule Applied
375
413. Limitations on Double Taxation: Law of the United States
384
414[418] Jurisdiction with Respect to Activities of Foreign Branches
and Subsidiaries
388
415. Jurisdiction to Apply Antitrust Laws: Law of the United States
bboy
416. Jurisdiction over Securities Transactions: Law of the United
States
421
CHAPTER 2
JURISDICTION TO ADJUDICATE
Introductory Note
431
421.[441] Jurisdiction to Adjudicate
432
422.[442] Jurisdiction to Adjudicate in Criminal Cases: Law of the
United States
442
423[443] Jurisdiction to Adjudicate in Aid of Universal and Other Non-
Territorial Crimes
419
CHAPTER 3
JURISDICTION TO ENFORCE
Introductory Note
451
431. Jurisdiction to Enforce
452
432. External Measures in Aid of Enforcement of Criminal Law
462
433. External Measures in Aid of Enforcement of Criminal Law: Law
of the United States
468
CHAPTER 4
CONFLICTS OF JURISDICTION
Introductory Note
477
436.[419] Foreign Government Compulsion
477
437.[420] Requests for Disclosure and Foreign Government Compul-
sion: Law of the United States
487
xiv
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 5
IMMUNITY FROM JURISDICTION
Subchapter A. Immunity of Foreign States from Jurindiction to Prescribe
Introductory Note
509
441.[445] Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to Prencribe
511
442.1461 Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to Tax
521
Subchapter B. Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to
Adjudicate
Introductory Note
529
451. Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to Adjudicate: The
Banic Rule
535
452 Claims against States and State Instrumentalities
J38
452. Claims Arising out of Commercial Activity
541
454. Claims in Tort
547
455. Claims Concerning Property
550
456. Waivers of Immunity
556
457. Commencement and Venue of Action against Foreign State or
Instrumentality: Law of the United States
564
458. Actions in Courts of States of the United States
571
459. Default Judgments against Foreign States: Law of the United
States
574
400. Execution and Other Means of Enforcement of Judgments against
Foreign States: Law of the United States
577
Subchapter C. Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to_Enforce
461. Immunity of Foreign States from Non-Judicial Enforcement
583
Subchapter D. Diplomatic and Consular Immunities
Introductory Note
587
162[461] Immunity of Diplomatic Agents of Other States
590
463.[462] Immunity of Consular Personnel of Other States
608
464.[463] Immunity of Diplomatic or Consular Premises, Archives, Doe-
uments and Communications
619
Subchapter E. Immunity of International Organizations
Introductory Note
629
465.[464] Immunity of International Organizations
631
466.[465] Immunity of Premises, Archives, Documents and Communi-
cations of International Organizations
643
467.[466] Immunity of Officials of International Organizations
651
468.[467] Immunity of Permanent Representatives to International
Organizations
659
CHAPTER 6
THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE
469.[428] Act of State Doctrine: Law of the United States
667
470.[429] Act of State Doctrine: Statutory Exception
686
XV
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 9
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ADJUDICATION AND
ENFORCEMENT
Subchapter A. Judicial Assistance
Introductory Note
695
471.[481] Service of Process in Foreign State
699
472[482] Service of Process in Foreign State: Law d the United
705
States
478.[483]
Obtaining Evidence in Foreign State
711
474.[484] Obtaining Evidence in or for Use in Foreign State: Law of
the United States
725
Subchapter B. Extradition
Introductory Note
736
476.[486] Extradition Between States: The Basic Rule
739
477.[487]
Grounds for Refusal of Extradition
748
478.(488)
Doctrine of Specialty
762
479.[489] International Extradition Procedure: Law d the United
States
766
CHAPTER 8
FOREIGN JUDGMENTS AND awards
Introductory Note
777
Subchapter A. Foreign Judgments: Law d the United States
481.[491] Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
781
482.[492]
Grounds for Non-Recognition of Foreign Judgments
7.92
483.[493]
Recognition and Enforcement of Tax and Penal Judgments
802
484.[494]
Recognition of Foreign Divorce Decrees
807
485.[495] Recognition and Enforcement d Foreign Child Custedy
812
Orders
486.[496] Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Support Orders
818
Subchapter B. Foreign Arbitral Agreements and Awards
487.[497] Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Agree-
823
ments and Awards
488.[496] Grounds for Non-Recognition of Foreign Arbitral Awards
834
Vol. 3
PART V
THE LAW OF THE SEA
Introductory Note
839
xvi
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 1
SHIPS
501. Nationality of Ships
847
502. Rights and Duties of Flag State
863
CHAPTER 2
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF COASTAL AND PORT STATES
511. Coastal State Authority in Zones of Adjacent See
875
512 Coastal State Sovereignty over Territorial Sea
895
518. Passage Through Territorial Sea, Straits, and Archipelagic
Waters
909
514. Exclusive Economic Zone
429
515. Continental Shelf
948
516. Delimitation of Territorial Sea
958
517. Delimitation of Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf
960
CHAPTER 8
HIGH SEAS
521. Freedom of the High Seas.
471
522. Enforcement Jurisdiction over Foreign Ships on High Seas.
980
523. Exploitation of Mineral Resources of Deep Sen-Bed
990
PART VI
THE LAW OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Introductory Note
1005
601. State Obligations with Respect to the Environment of Other States
and the Common Environment
1011
602. Remedies for Violation of Environment Obligations
1027
603. Responsibility for Marine Pollution.
1035
604. Remedies for Marine Pollution
lody
PART VII
PROTECTION OF PERSONS (NATURAL AND JURIDICAL)
Introductory Note
1055
xvii
Section
Reference
CHAPTER 1
INTERNATIONAL LAW OF HUMAN RIGHTS
701. Obligation to Respect Human Rights
1067
702. Customary International Law of Human Rights
1078
703. Remedies for Violations of Human Rights Obligations
1095
CHAPTER 2
INJURY TO NATIONALS OF OTHER STATES
711. State Responsibility for Injury to Nationals of Other States
1105
712. Economic Injury w Nationals of Other States
1121
713. Remedies for Injury to Nationals of Other States
1144
CHAPTER 3
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS: LAW OF THE
UNITED STATES
721. Applicability of Constitutional Safeguards
1159
722. Rights of Aliens
1175
PART VIII
SELECTED LAW OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Introductory Note
1197
CHAPTER 1
LAW OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Introductory Note
1199
801. Definitions
1204
802. Most-Favored-Nation Treatment as to Imports
1207
803. Commitment to Tariffs Bound by International Agreement
1210
804. Quantitative Restrictions on Imports
1215
805. Indirect Barriers to Imports
1218
806. Subsidies and Countervailing Duties
1222
807. Dumping and Anti-Dumping Duties
1228
808. Emergency Action to Protect Domestic Producers
1231
809. Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas
1234
810. Developing States
1238
811. Commodity Agreements
1241
812 Export Controls
1243
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Section
Reference
CHAPTER 2
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY LAW
Introductory Note
1547
821.[851] Obligations of Member States of the International Monetary
Fund
1250
822.[852] Exchange Controls and Exchange Contracts in Courts of
Member States
1262
823.[853] Obligations in Foreign Currency: Law of the United States
1271
PART IX
REMEDIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Introductory Note
1281
901. Obligations Resulting from Breach of International Law
1285
902. Inter-State Claims and Remedies
1291
903. International Court of Justice
1306
904. Inter-State Arbitration
1327
905. Unilateral Remedies
1334
906. Private Remodies for Violations of International Law
1350
907. Private Remodies for Violations of International Law: Law of the
United States
1354
xix