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Matlock Chron October 1985 (7)
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Matlock Chron October 1985 (7)
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Jack F. Matlock, Jr.'s Chronological Files
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Matlock, Jack F.: Files
Folder Title: Matlock Chron October 1985 (7)
Box: 12
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
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WITHDRAWAL SHEET
Ronald Reagan Library
Collection Name MATLOCK, JACK: FILES
Withdrawer
JET 4/12/2005
File Folder
MATLOCK CHRON OCTOBER 1985 (7/12)
FOIA
F06-114/3
Box Number
12
YARHI-MILO
1205
ID Doc Type
Document Description
No of Doc Date Restrictions
Pages
7900 MEMO
PRESIDENT'S MINI-BILATERAL WITH
1
ND
B1
SHEVARDNADZE
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
7901 TALKING
TALKING POINTS-MEETING WITH
1
ND
B1
POINTS
SHEVARDNADZE, MINI-BILATERAL,
OCTOBER 23, 1985
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
7905 MEMO
SHULTZ TO PRESIDENT REAGAN RE YOUR
1
ND
B1
MINI-BILATERAL WITH SHEVARDNADZE
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
7903 MEMO
MATLOCK TO MCFARLANE RE
1 10/21/1985 B1
PRESIDENT'S LETTER TO GORBACHEV
R
3/8/2011
F2006-114/3
7904 MEMO
MCFARLANE TO PRESIDENT REAGAN RE
1
ND
B1
LETTER TO GORBACHEV
R
3/8/2011
F2006-114/3
7906 LETTER
PRESIDENT REAGAN TO GORBACHEV
4
ND
B1
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
7907 LETTER
PRESIDENT REAGAN TO GORBACHEV
4
ND
B1
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
7908 LETTER
PRESIDENT REAGAN TO GORBACHEV
4
ND
B1
R 10/30/2007 NLRRF06-114/3
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
B-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
B-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
B-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
B-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
WITHDRAWAL SHEET
Ronald Reagan Library
Collection Name MATLOCK, JACK: FILES
Withdrawer
JET
4/12/2005
File Folder
MATLOCK CHRON OCTOBER 1985 (7/12)
FOIA
F06-114/3
Box Number
12
YARHI-MILO
1205
ID Doc Type
Document Description
No of Doc Date Restrictions
Pages
7902 MEMO
MATLOCK TO MCFARLANE LETTER TO
1 10/21/1985 B1
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR STIX
R
3/8/2011
F2006-114/3
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
B-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
B-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
B-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
B-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
6094
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNC...
WASHINGTON D.C 2050
October 21, 1985
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCK for
us
SUBJECT:
Letter to Ms. Patricia Snyder
Attached at Tab A is a letter to Ms. Patricia Snyder of the
Empire State Institute for the Performing Arts. Ms. Snyder is
trying to arrange an exchange of musical theatre productions with
the Moscow Musical Theatre for Children. She has written to you
about her difficulty in getting Soviet confirmation of the timing
for her group's travel to the Soviet Union (Tab B).
You have corresponded with Ms. Snyder in the past on this matter
(Tab C), and our draft response to her latest letter reiterates
our interest and willingness to assist.
Stev Elses Sestanovich, Judyt m Mandel and State MR. concur.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letter to Ms. Snyder at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Letter to Patricia Snyder
Tab B
Ms. Snyder's letter to you
Tab C
Your earlier letter to Ms. Snyder
2
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Ms. Snyder:
Thank you for your letter on the status of
the upcoming exchange between the Moscow
Musical Theatre for Children and the Empire
Stae Institute for the Performing Arts.
I understand from the Department of State
that the Soviet side still is not ready
to give the green light to your early
December performances in Moscow until the
general exchanges agreement is signed. I
regret that this precondition is being
imposed, especially in light of the fact
that the Soviet Ministry of Culture has
apparently indicated its approval and overall
enthusiasm for your project.
I know you have difficult deadlines to meet
in arranging all the complicated details of
this exchange. I have asked the Soviet Desk
at the State Department to continue working
with you and to stay in touch with our Embassy
in Moscow to see if we can't get this valuable-
exchange off dead center.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
Ms. Patricia B. Snyder
Producing Director
Empire State Institute for the Performing Arts
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York 12223
chron 3
SECRET
PRESIDENT'S MINI-BILATERAL WITH SHEVARDNADZE
Background
Just yesterday you sent Gorbachev a letter apprising him of the
initiative you will make in your UNGA address tomorrow to solve
regional conflicts. You also have a long letter from Gorbachev
which you will be answering soon. The brief meeting affords an
opportunity to reemphasize to Shevardnadze that you take your
meeting with Gorbachev very seriously and are looking for
positive results.
Talking Points
WELCOME SHEVARDNADZE
-- Very glad you could come to New York.
UNGA SPEECH
-- Have sent General Secretary Gorbachev a letter
regarding my speech tomorrow.
-- Hope Soviet government will take our suggestions
seriously.
RESPONSE TO SOVIET PROPOSALS
-- Will be replying to Gorbachev's recent letters.
-- We are studying Soviet proposals carefully and will
have a response shortly.
PROGRESS TOWARD GENEVA
-- Eager to make meeting next month as productive as
possible.
-- Glad he will be meeting with George Shultz to get
things moving.
DECLASSIFIED
NLRR FO6-114/3 *7900
SECRET
BY CAS NARA DATE 10/30/07
Declassify on: OADR
4
TALKING POINTS-MEETING WITH SHEVARDNADZE
MINI-BILATERAL, OCTOBER 23, 1985
-- VERY GLAD YOU COULD COME TO NEW YORK.
-- HAVE SENT GENERAL SECRETARY GORBACHEV A
LETTER REGARDING MY SPEECH TOMORROW. HOPE
SOVIET GOVERNMENT WILL TAKE OUR SUGGESTIONS
SERIOUSLY.
-- WILL BE REPLYING TO GORBACHEV'S RECENT
LETTERS. WE ARE STUDYING SOVIET PROPOSALS
CAREFULLY AND WILL HAVE A RESPONSE SHORTLY.
-- EAGER TO MAKE MEETING NEXT MONTH AS
PRODUCTIVE AS POSSIBLE. GLAD HE WILL BE
MEETING WITH GEORGE SHULTZ TO GET THINGS
MOVING.
DECLASSIFIED /RE/MSE)
NLRR F06-114/3 */7901
BY 01 NARA DATE 10/30/07
Man
ES SENSITIVE 8531251
368
5
DECLASSIFIED
NLRR 806-114/3 7905
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
BY Civ NARADATE 10/30/07
WASHINGTON
October 21, 1985
GALLISNGS/LTHOGS
MEMORANDUM FOR: THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
George P. Shultz was
SUBJECT:
Your Mini-Bilateral with Shevardnadze
Your chat with Shevardnadze at the UNGA reception will be
an opportunity to preview your regional conflict resolution
initiative of the following day and to set the stage for my
breakfast meeting with the Foreign Minister October 25.
We hope to give the Soviets advance notice of the regional
initiative in Moscow on Monday or Tuesday. As Shevardnadze
will be accompanying Gorbachev to a Warsaw Pact summit meeting
in Sofia October 21 - 23, however, he will have had little
opportunity to focus on what we have in mind.
I recommend you open the discussion by indicating that a
response will be forthcoming to the letter from Gorbachev which
Shevardnadze delivered in September. Emphasizing that we are
giving the Soviet arms control counterproposals due
consideration here and in the Geneva talks, you could note our
determination that other agenda items not be lost sight of as
we prepare for the November meeting. You could then inform
Shevardnadze of the rationale and main elements of the regional
initiative you will announce in your UNGA speech, noting that I
would be providing an elaboration of our views in my breakfast
meeting.
To emphasize further the point that our agenda goes beyond
arms control, you could reiterate our interest in early
progress on the various bilateral negotiations which have
started up since Shevardnadze met with you (exchange agreement,
Northern Pacific air safety, civil aviation) and express
disappointment that there has been no improvement on human
rights. You could stress your personal preference for dealing
with human rights quietly and in private, and our willingness
to reciprocate in areas of interest to Moscow if we see results.
One logistical note: Shevardnadze is currently due to
arrive in New York at 7:30 Wednesday evening. He may be able
to arrive earlier, but we have indicated to the Soviets we
would be prepared to provide a helicopter to get him to the
reception in time if this proves impossible.
SECRET/SENSITIVE
DECL: OADR
8094
JMIC
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 21, 1985
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCKUM fm
us
SUBJECT:
Letter to Ms. Patricia Snyder
Attached at Tab A is a letter to Ms. Patricia Snyder of the
Empire State Institute for the Performing Arts. Ms. Snyder is
trying to arrange an exchange of musical theatre productions with
the Moscow Musical Theatre for Children. She has written to you
about her difficulty in getting Soviet confirmation of the timing
for her group's travel to the Soviet Union (Tab B).
You have corresponded with Ms. Snyder in the past on this matter
(Tab C), and our draft response to her latest letter reiterates
our interest and willingness to assist.
Steve 6,Pses Sestanovich, Judyt m Mandel and State MR. concur.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letter to Ms. Snyder at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Letter to Patricia Snyder
Tab B
Ms. Snyder's letter to you
Tab C
Your earlier letter to Ms. Snyder
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Ms. Snyder:
Thank you for your letter on the status of
the upcoming exchange between the Moscow
Musical Theatre for Children and the Empire
Stae Institute for the Performing Arts.
I understand from the Department of State
that the Soviet side still is not ready
to give the green light to your early
December performances in Moscow until the
general exchanges agreement is signed. I
regret that this precondition is being
imposed, especially in light of the fact
that the Soviet Ministry of Culture has
apparently indicated its approval and overall
enthusiasm for your project.
I know you have difficult deadlines to meet
in arranging all the complicated details of
this exchange. I have asked the Soviet Desk
at the State Department to continue working
with you and to stay in touch with our Embassy
in Moscow to see if we can't get this valuable
exchange off dead center.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
Ms. Patricia B. Snyder
Producing Director
Empire State Institute for the Performing Arts
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York 12223
B
9
>JackMaticek
EMPIRE STATE INSTITUTE FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
for
ask
8094 rb
10
October 3, 1985
OCT8-
RCM HAS SE
1985'
Robert C. McFarlane
Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. McFarlane:
I write to inform you of our progress toward an exchange
of our theatre with the Moscow Musical Theatre for Children.
It has been my pleasure to work with the Soviet Desk at
the State Department as we have pursued our plans for the
exchange. I must commend John Zimmerman, Gladys Hickerson
and Max Robinson for their helpful encouragement and
professionalism! The news about the finalization of the
Cultural Exchange Agreement is apparently optimistic and we
are moving forward with our arrangements to depart for Moscow
on December 3, 1985.
We are hopeful that the Cultural Exchange will be in
place when President Reagan goes to Moscow next month since we
have a schedule "window" of December 3-20 when we must tour to
Moscow, because many of our New York City-based performers
have commitments which will not allow them to travel with us
at any other time.
I am pleased to report that we now have a firm commitment
from CBS, Inc. to provide the major portion of our expenses
for our tour to Moscow.
We would be greateful for any assistance you might offer
toward realizing a confirmation from the Soviets for our visit
to Moscow in December and the return visit of the Moscow
Musical Theatre for Children to Albany in June, 1986. Our
Moscow-bound musical Rag Dolly opens in Albany on October 26th
at 8 p.m. You are cordially invited!
Many thanks for your continuing support and encouragement.
Sincerely,
Roincia
Patricia B. Snyder
Producing Director
ESIPA at the Egg
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York 12223
(518) 474-1199
TTY: (518) 474-6143
A program of SUNY/GNARESPPACC
0
fafer
12
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 5, 1985
Dear Ms. Snyder:
Thank you for your letter of February 14 which reported
the great progress you have made in arranging for a
theater exchange with the Moscow Musical Theater for
Children. It is an excellent idea and I certainly hope
that it can be implemented.
There are still some basic differences in our and the
Soviet positions on a new government-to-government
cultural exchange agreement, and it is difficult to
predict how long it will take to work them out. How-
ever, J see no reason why your project should be held
hostage to the general agreement. It obviously can
stand on its own as an important contribution to better
understanding and the cultural enrichment of young
people in both countries.
In future meetings with Soviet officials we will make
clear our support for this worthy project, and hope
that your plans will be approved by the Soviet
authorities.
With best regards,
Sincerely,
Robert C. McFarlane
Ms. Patricia B. Snyder
The Empire State Institute for
the Performing Arts
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York, 12223
13
8460
JM-C
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 21, 1985
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
THROUGH:
WILLIAM F. MARTIN
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCK for $ 50
SUBJECT:
Travel Request to Participate in the Talks with
Soviet FM Shevardnadze to be held in New York
October 24-25, 1985
I have been asked to participate in the talks with Soviet Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze to be held in New York October 24-25, 1985.
All costs to be covered by the NSC.
RECOMMENDATION
That you approve my travel.
Approve
Disapprove
CC: Administrative Office
Annex II
NSC STAFF TRAVEL AUTHORIZATION
10/22/85
DATE:
JACK F. MATLOCK
1. TRAVELER'S NAME:
2. PURPOSE (S), EVENT (S), DATE (S): To participate in the talks w/FSoviet
FM Shevardnadze on Oct 24-25, 1985 to be held in New York, NY
3.
ITINERARY (Please Attach Copy of Proposed Itinerary):
Washington/N.Y. /Washington
DEPARTURE DATE 10/24/85
10/25/85
RETURN DATE
TIME o/a 2:30PM
TIME o/a 5:30PM
4. MODE OF TRANSPORTATION:
GOV AIR
COMMERCIAL AIR XX POV
RAIL
OTHER
5.
ESTIMATED EXPENSES:
TRANSPORTATION 106 PER DIEM $150 OTHER 36 TOTAL TRIP COST $292. -
XX
6.
WHO PAYS EXPENSES:
NSC
OTHER
7. IF NOT NSC, DESCRIBE SOURCE AND ARRANGEMENTS:
XX
8.
WILL FAMILY MEMBER ACCOMPANY YOU: YES
NO
9.
IF so, WHO PAYS FOR FAMILY MEMBER (If Travel Not Paid by Traveler,
Describe Source and Arrangements):
10. TRAVEL ADVANCE REQUESTED:
$
0
11. REMARKS (Use This Space to Indicate Any Additional Items You Would
Like to Appear on Your Travel Orders):
12. TRAVELER'S SIGNATURE:
13. APPROVALS:
8097
15
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
JM-C
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
October 21, 1985
CONFIDENTIAL
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCK
SUBJECT:
Letter from Leonard Marks
Attached at Tab A is a suggested response to a letter from
Leonard Marks, Chairman of the Foreign Policy Association. Mr.
Marks wrote to you (Tab B) to convey an invitation to the
President to make a major foreign policy address to the FPA.
The FPA would try to arrange live television coverage for World
Affairs Councils throughout the United States.
I think the proposal should be given serious consideration.
It could prove an excellent vehicle for the President to address
the American people on the results of the Geneva meeting.
steRkestanovich, Judyt Mandel, Mar Johnathan Miller and Karna Small
concur.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letter at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Letter to Leonard Marks
Tab B
Letter from Leonard Marks
Tab C
Invitation to the President
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
DECLASSIFIED
By
White cvs House Guidelines, August
NARA, Date 7/1/02
a
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Leonard:
Many thanks for your invitation to the President
to address a meeting of the Foreign Policy
Association. I quite agree that FPA would be an
excellent forum for the President to make a major
foreign policy statement, and we will give your
invitation serious consideration as the President's
schedule takes shape over the coming months.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
Mr. Leonard H. Marks
Chairman
Foreign Policy Association
1333 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
B
&
Mattock 9
Foreign Policy Association
for forstatting 809
ROM HAS SEE
Leonard H. Marks
1333 New Hampshire Avenue, NW
Chairman
October 2, 1985
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 293-3860
BY HAND
Mr. Robert McFarlane
Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
National Security Council
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Bud
The enclosed letter to the President is self-explanatory.
I would be most grateful if you would pass it through the
proper channel for early consideration.
I have talked to Charlie Wick and Jack Matlack about the
proposal. If you need any additional information, I would
be glad to supply it to whomever handles the request.
hmmy Leonard H. Marks
Sincerely
Enclosure
*
*
*
FPA National Headquarters
*
*
GREAT
FPA Washington Office
205 Lexington Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016
*
*
DECISIONS
1800 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006
(212) 481-8450
(202) 833-2030
*
Foreign Policy Association
Leonard H. Marks
1333 New Hampshire Avenue, NW
Chairman
October 1, 1985
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 293-3860
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear President Reagan
In behalf of the Foreign Policy Association, I would like to extend an
invitation for you to make a major foreign policy address before an FPA
audience at a lunch or dinner, in either New York City or Washington, D.C.
on a date of your convenience.
From your prior appearance before the FPA, I know that you are aware of our
role in the field of public education of foreign affairs. On a non-partisan
basis, our public events program brings presidents, prime ministers,
ambassadors, statesmen and scholars from all over the world to its podium.
I enclose a copy of "You're In Good Company", which highlights some of our
past speakers.
FPA's audience is composed of a broad cross-section of American public and
private sector leaders, as well as numerous representatives of the diplomatic
community. National and international television and press give world-wide
exposure to FPA's guest speakers.
We anticipate that over 1,500 guests would be in attendance. In addition, we
would endeavor to link up live television coverage with World Affairs Councils
throughout the United States, so that direct participation by citizen audiences
might involve thousands more. We would also propose to videotape the event so
that your comments would be made available to secondary schools and community
colleges throughout the country.
We know that all American citizens, as well as citizens throughout the world,
would be eager to have such an address by the President of the United States
on the complex foreign policy issues confronting our nation. To have your
comments addressed in person to an American citizen audience would, we believe,
enhance the world-wide impact of the event.
We hope this invitation will have your favorable consideration.
Sincerely
Mar
Leonard H. Marks
Chairman
*
*
*
*
*
FPA National Headquarters
GREAT
FPA Washington Office
*
205 Lexington Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016
DECISIONS
1800 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006
*
(212) 481-8450
(202) 833-2030
*
*
8385
JM-C
21
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
a
October 21, 1985
CONF
IDENTIAL
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCKS Ism
SUBJECT:
Letter to Princeton University Professor
Attached at tab A is a suggested response to a letter from
Princeton Professor Thomas H. Stix. Professor Stix wrote you
(Tab B) with a proposal to be presented at Geneva involving
improved television communication between the United States and
the Soviet Union.
Professor Stix's proposal is similar to some of the ideas already
approved in our package of exchange proposals for Geneva, and I
think it is worth acknowledging as a constructive suggestion.
Professor Stix is also Chairman of the American Physical
Society's Committee on the International Freedom of Scientists
and, as such, is no doubt involved in Soviet human rights issues.
WR
Judyt Mandel concurs.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letter to Professor Stix at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Suggested response to Professor Stix
Tab B
Letter from Professor Stix
CONFIDENTIAL
DECLASSIFIED
Declassify on: OADR
NLRR F010-114/3#790
BY RW NARA DATE 3/8/11
il
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Professor Stix:
Thank you for your letter of September 30 and
your suggestion regarding improved communication
between the American and Soviet people via
television. I fully agree that greater use of
television could make a significant contribution
toward better understanding, and help discredit
old stereotypes based on fear and lack of
information.
I want to assure you that as we approach the
Geneva meeting we are reviewing a variety of
proposals for enhanced U.S. -Soviet communication,
and President Reagan plans to present a number
of creative initiatives to General Secretary
Gorbachev. Your own idea will be examined
seriously in preparing our overall approach
to the issue and in formulating specific options.
I appreciate your contacting me.
Sincerely,
Professor Thomas H. Stix
Chairman, American Physical Society's
Committee on the International Freedom
of Scientists
Department of Astrophysical Sciences
Princeton University
P.O. Box 451
Princeton, New Jersey 08544
to
I
Princeton University
Department of Astrophysical Sciences
OCT 1 1985
P.O. Box 451
Princeton, New Jersey 08544
30 September 1985
Mr. Robert C. McFarlane
Director
National Security Council
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. McFarlane,
For the many people, such as the members of our committee, who work in the
area of human rights, it has been very encouraging that you -- on more than
one occasion -- have named human rights as a key area for attention in US-USSR
relations. Similarly, Ambassador Schifter's eloquent statement at the recent
Ottawa meeting not only showed the Administration's concern for broad
principles, but also its awareness and caring for oppressed individuals, case
by case.
What to do: Let me offer, if I may, one personal view and one suggestion. The
suggestion will appear superficially quite frivolous. But in fact, its
proposal would have strong public appeal and its implementation could open up
a broad new channel of interaction between the people in our two countries.
The view: One cannot reasonably expect the Soviets to be forthcoming on the
human rights issue. First, they regard our criticism as foreign meddling in
internal affairs. Second and more important, their bureaucrats, both big and
little, are fearful of losing control. But -- can we not exploit Soviet
leader Gorbachev's call for mutual trust to expand our modes of communication?
The suggestion: Instead of military might, let us challenge the Soviets to an
open contest of words and pictures. Let us jointly open up television. Say,
for example, that we give each other one hour per week of TV prime time. NO
limitations on subject matter except for incitement to violence. And, save
for military security, Soviet reporters and film crews would have access to
American people and places, and vice versa. Our hour might present Russian
versions of "Candid Camera" or "60 Minutes" or "Meet the Press", filmed by
American crews in Soviet towns and cities, or a documentary on Deng Xiaoping's
China, or the Bill Cosby show, or Nova, or Bruce Springsteen, or whatever.
And the Soviets could show us hospitals in Cuba, new schools in Afghanistan,
or slums and prisons in America, or ice hockey in Leningrad, the Moscow
Circus, the Bolshoi Ballet, or news or politics or propaganda or education or
entertainment as they pleased. The challenge on both sides would be to hold
audience interest and respect, to maintain credibility, to openly advocate
points of view. The common challenge would be to understand one another and
to work toward peace.
Mr. Robert C. McFarlane
page 2
In considering this proposal, the following points might be noted:
Under the aegis of a joint "open-television policy",
significant advances could be achieved in the area of human
rights. Nevertheless, the proposal itself would fall within
your category of "matters between two countries", which area
the Soviets have not rejected for the November summit talks.
The proposal would have strong appeal to the world public. The
public knows that wars are made by people, not weapons, and
resents the total focus of attention on nuclear armament,
rather than on concrete steps toward mutual trust.
The exchange agreement would not be a static one-shot event.
Rather, it could initiate a new mode of people-to-people
interaction between our countries with long-range possibilities
limited only by our creativity and joint good will.
Soviet citizens are hungry for bona fide information about the
U.S. It would not be easy for Soviet leader Gorbachev to turn
aside a well publicized offer by the President to open up the
air waves.
Opening this direct channel of communication to the people of
the USSR may help to alleviate their endemic mistrust of
foreigners and could pave the way for expanded individual
contacts and other elements of normal relations.
Entering the "age of information", television is the
appropriate arena for honest debate -- and for making friends.
An "open-television" policy would bring America's considerable
skills in mass communication, polling and public relations to
bear on the problem of achieving a normalization of US-USSR
relations together with real peace.
The two enclosures provide some background material on our committee and on my
own thinking concerning human rights and US-USSR relations.
Sincerely,
THEY
Thomas H. Stix
Professor
Chairman, American Physical Society's Committee on the International
Freedom of Scientists
THS/dpl
Enclosures
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1985
In Moscow, a Hunger to Know America
was protesting the persecution of An-
They are well made, and I expect
precarious health. Of those who at-
By Susan Sherer Osnos
drei D. Sakharov and other Soviet
they will pass from hand to hand for
tended the dinner, almost all are in
writers - and our return was sur-
years to come.
I thought I knew, from the three
rounded by controversy.
Report
prison or exile, or have left the Soviet
By the fourth day, our presence was
Union.
ears I spent in Moscow in the mid-
Much of it concerned the selection
causing a traffic problem in the pavil-
from the
It is hard these days to find Russian
970's, how curious most Russians
of the 313 books in the exhibit by a
ion. By the fifth day, two uniformed
authors who are interested in meeting
re about the United States. But my
committee of writers, critics and li-
police officers were trying to control
brarians. The National Endowment
the mayhem. But no number of offi-
Book Fair
with American publishers. Many
revious experience hardly prepared
writers are lying low to avoid the kind
ne for what I saw this month at the
for Democracy, which had provided
cers - and there were several in
of persecution that has been meted
foscow Book Fair, where an exhibit
some of the funding for the exhibit, in-
plain clothes stationed right in the
out to so many of their colleagues.
f American books was overrun with
sisted on a politically "balanced" list.
booth with us could dampen the en-
Some people argue that we should
eople 10 hours a day. I was stunned
The publishers' association returned
thusiasm of the Russians waiting to
trolled by the Soviet Government.
express our disapproval of this re-
y the Russians' voracious hunger for
its money rather than submit to cen-
see our exhibit.
The authorities did deny visas to
pression by refusing to attend the
aformation about America, and I
sorship. Others found the list "frivo-
They had a chance, many for the
several Americans and they confis-
Book Fair. Sometimes and in some
egan to rethink my ideas about when
lous" because it included picture
first time, to look at uncensored
cated a handful of books, but for the
places, boycotts may well be justi-
nd where it makes sense to boycott
books on the great houses of Los
photographs of American life. They
most part they were unable to cir-
fied, as in the case of the Olympic
ontacts with the Soviet Union.
Angeles and the history of rock-and-
plied the staff in the booth with ques-
cumscribe what went on at the fair.
boycott that denied the Soviet Union
"America Through American
roll.
tions about America. They pored over
On the whole, Moscow is a far more
international glory after its invasion
Eyes" was an exhibit of recent books
But none of this made the slightest
the Sears catalogue until someone
oppressive place than it was eight
of Afghanistan. I am convinced.
bout America by American authors,
difference to the thousands of Rus-
stole it. Jane Fonda's aerobic work-
years ago, when I was last there, or
however, after a week at the Mos-
ponsored by the Association of
sians who filed by our exhibit, most of
out was a major draw, and books
even six years ago when the publish-
cow Book Fair, that our most power-
American Publishers. The associa-
them after waiting in line for hours.
about American films and theater
ers' association last took an exhibit to
ful weapon is information- and any
ion had refused to participate in the
These people were starving to find out
were very much in demand.
the Book Fair. In 1979, the association
opportunity to provide it should be
unnual fair for the past six years it
whatever they could about America.
Some of these Russians were offi-
organized a dinner, in a downtown
seized. By staying home, we would
The crowd in front of the booth was
cials, but many were people in work
restaurant, with some 40 Soviet au-
only have made things simpler for
Susan Sherer Osnos is on the staff of
often five or six people deep. We dis-
clothes with calluses on their hands.
thors, hosted by Mr. Sakharov. Such
the organizers of the fair and left a
he Fund for Free Expression, a
tributed some 35,000 catalogues of the
Most of them had never had access to
an evening is unimaginable now. Mr.
great many security officers with
uman rights organization.
exhibit, in both Russian and English.
information that wasn't strictly con-
Sakharov is in isolation in Gorky in
nothing to do.
THE
JULY 1985 today
physics
29
In the feature presentations and in
ing steps to attract college students to
provide slots for younger physicists
many of the workshops, there was a
careers in high-school physics teaching,
now, on the understanding that depart-
good deal of worrying over low enroll-
preparing sample guidelines for eva-
ments would revert to their current
ments in physics, the relatively ad-
luation or accreditation of undergradu-
size when older members retire.
vanced median ages of tenured physics
ate physics programs, and assisting
At a dinner midway through the
professors, and the problems facing
graduate students find jobs by provid-
conference, Anthony P. French, presi-
small departments and departments in
ing better information and counseling.
dent of AAPT, gave a talk entitled
four-year colleges. In reporting the
In the final wrap-up talk, Harvard's
"Discovering Niels Bohr." French is
results of workshop discussions, groups
Norman Ramsey, who is chairman of
the editor of a forthcoming centenary
gave high priority to restoring pro-
the AIP Governing Board, suggested
volume about Bohr's life and work,
grams of Federal support for participa-
that universities consider temporarily
which is sponsored by the Education
tion by undergraduates in physics re-
expanding the number of tenured posi-
Commission of the International Union
search. They also recommended tak-
tions in physics departments, so as to
of Pure and Applied Physics.
APS human rights committee works on Soviet cases, Poland
The American Physical Society's Com-
In recent years, CIFS has intervened
it became virtually impossible during
mittee on the International Freedom of
on behalf of physicists in Argentina
the 1970s for Jewish mathematicians
Scientists was represented last March
and Chile, it has worked with Amnesty
in Russia (of whom there are a large
at a reception held by AAAS at the
International to protect the rights of
number) to publish in some of the
American Museum of Natural History
Palestinian physicists in Israel, lodged
leading journals and get promoted at
in New York for Argentina's president
protests with the Indian government
the top universities. Prominent Jewish
Raúl Alfonsín. For President Alfonsín,
against discriminatory treatment of
mathematicians also found it increas-
the AAAS reception was an opportuni-
Israeli physicists (see PHYSICS TODAY,
ingly difficult to go abroad to attend
ty, among other things, to urge Argen-
September 1981, page 54), and taken up
professional conferences and accept
tine expatriates to support the recon-
an investigation of Turkish physicists
awards. Furthermore, it recently has
struction of scientific research and
who were dismissed from teaching
become difficult for Jewish students in
science education in Argentina, which
posts under the military regime. Cur-
mathematics-and Jews in physics and
suffered badly under Peronist and mili-
rently, however, nearly all the individ-
other fields as well- to attend Moscow
tary rule. It also was an opportunity
ual cases handled by CIFS are in the
University.
for him to thank US scientists for
Soviet Union, with a few in Poland.
Soviet focus. Reports indicate that
speaking out on behalf of individuals
While the preponderance of Soviet
the situation of Jewish mathemati-
who had been jailed, tortured or "disap-
cases is somewhat embarrassing to the
cians in the Soviet Union may be
peared" during his country's dark
committee, CIFS takes pains to say that
improving, and by comparison with
years.
this is simply the way the chips happen
Soviet physicists, the mathematicians
The APS Committee on the Interna-
to have fallen.
always have found it somewhat easier
tional Freedom of Scientists is of course
"Because the Soviet Union imposes
to emigrate. According to Joel
just one of many groups that have
its repressive regime on so large a
Lebowitz, a mathematical physicist at
dedicated themselves to the difficult
scientific community," CIFS said in its
Rutgers and co-chairman of the Com-
task of trying to protect victims of
1984 annual report, "the committee's
mittee of Concerned Scientists, there
political abuse. Organizations such as
efforts on behalf of human rights have
are two reasons for this contrast. In
Amnesty International, Helsinki
been occupied very largely with the
the first place, mathematicians have
Watch and the Committee of Con-
problems of Soviet scientists. CIFS
suffered discrimination at the hands of
cerned Scientists are much better
does not wish its pro-human rights
anti-Semites within the mathematical
known to the general public; even
efforts to be mistakenly labeled as anti-
establishment-persons in positions of
among most physicists, CIFS probably
Soviet; CIFS seriously entertains any
administrative power-who have been
is not a household acronym.
reports of physicist human rights viola-
only too happy to let Jews go when they
Earlier this year, Thomas H. Stix;
tions
anywhere.
(For full text, see
apply for permission to emigrate. Sec-
professor of astrophysical sciences at
APS Bulletin, June, page 1068.)
ond, the political authorities have not
Princeton and associate director for
CIFS small committees currently are
considered mathematics nearly as vital
academic affairs at the Princeton Plas-
working on nearly 70 Soviet cases, and
to national security as physics. If a
ma Physics Laboratory, took over as
according to committee chairman Stix,
physicist wants to leave the Soviet
chairman of the committee. The views
all the cases are either refuseniks (Jews
Union, the answer is almost sure to be
of Stix are described in the box page 73,
who have applied to emigrate) or dissi-
that the person cannot be dispensed
and the work of the Committee on the
dents (persons who publicly take issue
with because of national security, and
International Freedom of Scientists is
with Soviet policy). Except for those
if a physicist expresses dissent, the
the subject of this story.
who fall into one of these two categor-
official attitude is that a sacred nation-
Small Committees. Like most human
ies, physicists generally are treated
al trust has been betrayed.
rights groups, CIFS concentrates al-
quite well by comparison with some
Members of CIFS naturally are con-
most exclusively on individual persons
other groups in the Soviet Union, and
cerned, at a time when scientific ex-
and does not generally address cases of
human rights activists have little or no
changes and arms-control negotiations
discrimination against classes or
evidence that physicists have been
are being resumed with the Soviet
groups of people. CIFS works mainly
victims of the kind of pervasive dis-
Union, that so little progress has been
through "Small Committees-teams
crimination that Jewish mathemati-
made on human rights. For a time it
of three or four people who take it upon
cians are reported to have suffered
seemed that Yuri Orlov's condition was
themselves to correspond with victims
from during the past 15 years.
improving, and CIFS members felt they
of political abuse, their friends, asso-
The comparison with mathematics is
may have played some role in gaining
ciates and families, local authorities,
instructive. According to samizdat
his release from prison. But the most
and people who are in a position to
(underground) documents that are gen-
recent reports indicate that he is being
intervene.
erally considered well-founded in fact,
forced to live in quarters for transient
30
workers in a remote Siberian village,
after the authorities declared a "state
defiance of US policy and possibly in
that for a long time he was unable to
of war" and imposed martial law, the
violation of US export regulations. He
get treatment for his teeth, and that his
government announced the dissolution
also befriended and sought to help
mail has been cut off since last Novem-
of the Institute and the reassignment
Vietnamese students in the US, regard-
ber (sèe letter, page 9). The treatment
or retirement of its personnel.
less of their backgrounds or politics.
of Orlov, a founder of the Russian
The most recent reports indicate that
Last year, Cooperman told his wife,
Helsinki watchdog committee, has
most of the staff members have found
friends and associates that he was
been particularly galling to those who
new jobs, but many individuals appar-
receiving threats and that he feared for
recall the major concessions made by
ently consider their new jobs inferior,
his life. In October he was found shot
the West to achieve the Helsinki agree-
and many are resentful at having to do
dead in his campus office. A Vietna-
ment.
work outside their original fields of
mese refugee whom Cooperman had
Polish Nuclear Institute. The situation
inquiry. The most significant physics at
befriended initially denied involve-
in Poland, another country covered by
the Institute, in the estimation of
ment but then made a confession under
the Helsinki Accords, also has been of
Polish sources in this country, was done
questioning. He claimed that he and
mounting concern to APS and CIFS
by a small theoretical team and a small
Cooperman had been wrestling playful-
during the past year. Mildred S. Dres-
experimental team, and some persons
ly with a loaded gun, that the gun had
selhaus, acting in her capacity as presi-
on the theory team have managed to
gone off accidentally, that he left and
dent of APS, sent a cable to the Polish
fare relatively well, partly because of
saw a movie with a girlfriend, returned
government last summer protesting
their ties with Warsaw University. At
later to Cooperman's office, found that
plans to put two Polish physicists on
least one of them is reported to have
the professor had bled to death in the
trial for political reasons. That trial
emerged with a better job than he had
meantime, and placed the gun in Coo-
was cancelled. Then, last December,
at the Institute.
perman's hand, apparently to make the
Dresselhaus sent a second cable, pro-
Warsaw University was until recent-
death look like suicide. The first trial
testing the dissolution of the Institute
ly a haven of relative autonomy. There
of the Vietnamese immigrant ended
for Nuclear Research.
was some concern last year, when the
with an acquittal on first-degree mur-
CIFS has received extensive reports
government rejected an eminent phi-
der and a hung jury on second-degree.
on the Institute for Nuclear Research,
losopher the university senate had
The second time the case went to court,
and similar reports have appeared in
elected rector. But the government
the defendant forfeited his right to a
the science press. The main allegations
went on to accept the senate's second
jury trial in agreement with the district
are that the Institute was dissolved for
choice, Grzegorz Bialkowski, a theoreti-
attorney's office, which had concluded
political reasons, that three new insti-
cal physicist. Bialkowski was active in
that the jury probably would deadlock
tutes were created without guarantee-
organizing an independent union of
again on the second-degree charge. The
ing former INR staff re-employment,
scientists five years ago and is reported
judge convicted the defendant of invol-
and that work was being made impossi-
to be a man of integrity.
untary manslaughter, but said at the
ble for many individual physicists. It
In May the situation at Warsaw
time that parts of the defendant's story
has been hard to determine, working at
University and other institutions of
were implausible. The district attor-
a distance, just how much these indi-
higher learning took a sharp turn for
ney told PHYSICS TODAY that he did not
viduals have suffered and the extent to
the worse when the government pro-
believe important aspects of the defen-
which important centers of learning
posed new academic regulations that
dant's confession.
have been destroyed. Few people in
would eliminate the democratic elec-
Among Cooperman's friends and
this country are in close daily contact
tion of rectors and make all university
close associates, it is widely believed
with developments in Poland, and a
personnel liable to suspension on politi-
that he must have been the victim of an
large number of special factors compli-
cal grounds. Faculty, students and
assassination ordered by some right-
cate the story.
employees at Warsaw University held
wing Vietnamese group or gang in the
From interviews with a handful of
a demonstration to protest the plan,
US. In recent years, right-wing Vietna-
Polish physicists at several leading
and some 150 academics and Nobel
mese groups have "taken credit" for
US institutions, a very crude pic-
Prize winners in the United States and
the murders of several Vietnamese-
ture-something like a second-rate
Europe have signed an appeal asking
Americans who were considered politi-
satellite photograph-emerges. The
the Polish government not to proceed
cal enemies. Vietnamese expatriates
Institute for Nuclear Research seems
with the changes.
physically broke up a meeting Cooper-
to have been highly politicized since
Cooperman's death in dispute. The
man held on one occcasion to show a
the mid-1950s, when it was treated to
Committee on the International Free-
film about Vietnam.
a large infusion of secret-service
dom of Scientists has taken on a few
James G. Enright, the chief assistant
agents who had been staffing a nearby
Polish cases, but it has not always been
district attorney who prosecuted the
radio jamming station. Following the
easy to see what qualifies as a rights
case the second time, says he has been
upheavals in 1968, there began a poli-
violation in the normal sense of the
unable to find any link between the
cy of harrassing Jews at the Institute.
term. Even when the action is much
Vietnamese refugee who killed Cooper-
According to one source, when the
closer to home, the facts can seem
man and a Vietnamese organization.
authorities ran out of Jews to hound,
confusing and complicated, and it can
He says he contacted Vietnamese infor-
they tried to brand other individuals
be hard to decide what the relevant
mants, but it is known to be extremely
in disfavor as Jews and to harrass
standards are that should be brought to
difficult to get information in the
them too.
bear.
Vietnamese community because so
On top of political grievances, staff at
One of the most troubling cases to
many Vietnamese are terrified of the
the Institute were perennially un-
have come to the attention of the
gangs run by expatriate leaders.
happy with a succession of Polish
committee concerns Edward Lee Coo-
Friends of Cooperman are disappointed
governments because of their prefer-
perman, a physicist at California State
that even the Vietnamese students who
ence for coal over nuclear power. Most
University, Fullerton, who was head of
were helped and befriended by Cooper-
staff members at the institute worked
the US Committee for Scientific Coop-
man have not come forward with evi-
on applications of nuclear energy.
eration with Vietnam. Cooperman was
dence that might shed light on his
When Solidarity emerged in 1980,
involved in many efforts to provide
death.
the Institute was a hotbed of political
scientific assistance to Vietnam follow-
Asked whether the FBI had been of
activity from the start. In 1982, a year
ing the end of the war, sometimes in
any assistance on the case, Enright said
Stix urges physicists to express concerns to Soviet counterparts
Thomas Stix, the new chairman of the
regime and their suppression of individual
Committee on the International Freedom
freedom."
of Scientists, appears almost uniquely well
Stix has little patience with those who
placed to act on his leading concern, the
argue that intervention in the cause of
Soviet Union's poor record on human
human rights only makes adversaries an-
rights. Except for the three years he spent
gry and situations worse. But he appreci-
doing military service in World War II, Stix
ates that it is necessary to treat testimony
has worked his entire adult life as a plasma
about human rights abuses with some
physicist, and since the late 1950s he has
skepticism. In the case of Turkish physi-
been acquainted with leading Soviet physi-
cists who have complained of their treat-
cists in the field, including Evgeny P. Velik-
ment at the hands of the current military
hov, Vice-President for Physics and Math-
regime, Stix was warned by a prominent
ematics of the Soviet Academy of
Middle East expert at Princeton to proceed
Sciences, and Roald Z. Sagdeev, director
with care. The expert reminded Stix that
of the Institute for Space Research of the
Turkey's universities were a "literal battle-
Soviet Academy. Taking note of Velik-
ground" before the military took over, that
hov's apparent access to the Soviet Un-
"automatic weapons fire was heard in the
ion's top political leadership, Stix observes
hall."
that it is "rather mind-boggling to be able to
On the Cooperman case, Stix is inclined
send a personal message to somebody
to agree with the general position adopted
who can touch the Soviet leader."
by his predecessor, Gerjuoy, but with one
Stix feels it is imperative for American
reservation. Stix considers the security of
physicists to do everything in their power to
foreigners teaching or studying at US uni-
convey to Russians how strongly US citi-
STIX
versities to be a legitimate concern for his
zens feel about human rights. He says
stan, their invasion of Hungary, what they
committee. Individual Taiwanese, Vietna-
Velikhov once told Melvin Gottlieb of the
did to Solidarity " He does not, how-
mese, Iranians and Libyans, among others,
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory that
ever, favor cutting contacts and ex-
are believed to have been threatened or
there is no public pressure in the USSR on
changes as a means of exerting pressure
pressured by government security forces
human rights. Stix believes that people
on human rights. "Because of the nuclear
or terrorist groups in the United States.
such as Velikhov need to be told at every
danger," Stix says, "we have to use every
Stix hedges on the question of whether
opportunity that without substantial Soviet
means at our disposal to communicate
CIFS would take action if asked to do so on
progress on human rights issues, the pros-
with the Soviets."
Cooperman. He cites the committee's
pects for meaningful arms control will re-
Stix is aware that many Russians, includ-
reluctance to get involved in situations
main bleak.
ing the dissident brothers Roy and Zhores
"where we don't have solid evidence that
As Stix sees it, Soviet violations of
Medvedev, argue that an inadequately
human rights violations have occurred." In
human rights provide the United States
controlled military-industrial complex in the
this case, he says, "the perpetrator is
with "a moral basis for the arms race." His
United States is a prime cause of the arms
being punished, the physicist is dead, and
message to Soviet counterparts, accord-
race. What would Stix say if the Soviets
allegations about a human rights violation
ingly, is that it would be a good idea for the
were to complain that the profitability of
concern the possibility of an assassination.
Soviet government to do something dra-
American defense contracting gives them,
We see this as substantially different from
matic to improve its human rights record,
the Russians, a moral basis for the arms
a situation in which a physicist clearly is
not as "a favor to us but as a necessity for
race? They are "very sensitive to external
being oppressed and and it is his own
them."
threats, going back to the Mongols," Stix
government that is oppressing him."
When Stix talks about human rights, he
replies, "and then there's Hitler. They're
While we "may think that the process of
uses the term in a broad sense. He refers,
paranoid about our weapons. But we're
justice did not go far enough in this case,"
among other things, to the Soviet Union's
strongly concerned about their weapons,
Stix says, "we have to ask what increment
"oppression of Czechoslovakia, Afghani-
and we're paranoid about their totalitarian
of influence CIFS can bring to bear." -WS
that the FBI knew a lot about Cooper-
members for intervention in the Coo-
cian at France's Ecole Polytechnique,
man and his activities but was not of
perman case was forwarded to Edward
wrote a lengthy newspaper article
help in developing leads on the assas-
Gerjuoy, a University of Pittsburgh
about the "assassination" of Cooper-
sination theory. Apparently the FBI
physicist who at that time was chair-
man, which appeared in Le Monde on
regarded the case as local, despite
man of CIFS. The request was for CIFS
22 February. Henri Van Regemorter,
allegations that Vietnamese gangs in
to write a letter to the district attorney
director of research at France's CNRS,
other states such as Hawaii might have
of Orange County, expressing the com-
wrote to Dresselhaus last November
been involved.
mittee's strong interest in seeing that
urging her to "ask all concerned au-
Immediately after Cooperman's
the case was thoroughly investigated.
thorities, in particular the House Sub-
death, Dresselhaus wrote to the presi-
Gerjuoy turned it down on the ground
committee on Civil and Constitutional
dent of California State University
that a letter could be interpreted as an
Rights, to conduct a complete and
expressing distress over the death of
attempt to interfere with an ongoing
thorough investigation."
Cooperman, whom she described as a
investigation, but he left open the
Before Cooperman's death, the Sen-
"distinguished physicist and a highly
possibility of intervening after the tri-
ate Permanent Subcommittee on Inves-
regarded member of the American
al, if there were evidence that the
tigations launched an inquiry on Coo-
Physical Society." She offered the
investigation had been inadequate.
perman, and the Subcommittee cur-
Society's "support and encouragement
After the second trial ended, Cooper-
rently has many of the documents from
to you and your colleagues in your
man's widow, Klaaske Cooperman,
the physicist's office in its possession.
efforts to clarify the important aspects
filed a civil suit against the Vietnamese
The Subcommittee is interested pri-
of this tragedy" and asked the presi-
refugee who killed her husband. Over-
marily in whether Cooperman some-
dent of California State to "let me know
seas, there are people who regard the
how managed to circumvent export
if we can assist you in any way."
Cooperman killing as comparable to
regulations, and only secondarily in the
Two days before Dresselhaus offered
other cases handled by CIFS. M. Laur-
suspicious circumstances of his
this help, a request from two APS
ent Schwartz, an eminent mathemati-
death.
WS
PHYSICS TODAY / JULY 1985
73
16 AUGUST 1985 VOL. 229 . NO. 4714
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LETTERS
get the Soviets to recognize that the real
the biotic impoverishment of the only
cost of their human rights violations is
planet we have at a rate that is certainly
33
Human Rights and the Arms Race
hundreds of billions of rubles and dollars
unprecedented in human history and
each year. More than any alternative.
possibly unprecedented in the planet's
After a moratorium of 4 years. bilater-
progress in this area could increase mu-
history. Our laws and regulations and
al exchanges are being renewed with
tual trust and open pathways other than
international protocols are inadequate
Soviet scientists. Many people in and out
armament negotiations to resolve our
when viewed in the context of the prob-
of the U.S.S.R. had become dependent
differences and together restructure our
lem. The scientific community may be
on the forthright support for Andrei Sak-
priorities.
able to provide leadership, but it will not
harov that the moratorium represented
In his speech on retiring from the
be toward continuous compromise of
and, at the very least, we owe it to them
presidency of the American Physical So-
residual resources. Although Koshland's
to think carefully how the new opportu-
ciety, Maurice Goldhaber said that, after
purpose was thoroughly wholesome and
nity for communication should be used.
the next war, the first thing the survi-
constructive, his treatment does not help
What is the new message that we wish to
vors-if any-would do would be to en-
the advancement of science and human
send?
sure that war never happen again. Gold-
affairs on what must be one of the most
Sakharov's maltreatment personalized
haber then asked, "Can't we have a
important issues the scientific communi-
the endemic Soviet violation of human
virtual war? Can we not start now on
ty could be addressing.
rights. Our support for Sakharov ex-
ensuring peace?"
GEORGE M. WOODWELL
pressed our support as well for a multi-
THOMAS H. STIX
Woods Hole Research Center,
tude of oppressed individuals. We
Department of Astrophysical Sciences,
Post Office Box 296,
looked for a restitution of Sakharov's
Princeton University,
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
rights as a first sign of change. The
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
message of the moratorium-and of
Rachel Carson and devotees of pre-
countless pleas, petitions, letters and
serving the environment such as George
telegrams-had been to convey our re-
Woodwell have performed and are per-
pugnance at human rights violations. Ap-
Resources and Compromise
forming a signal and invaluable service
parently that message was ignorable.
to our society. No group no matter how
Somehow, some way, we must get the
Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., proposes in
highly motivated, however, can expect a
Soviet leadership to recognize that their
his editorial "The undesirability princi-
blank check from society. My appeal
continued violation of human rights pro-
ple" (5 July, p. 9) that
"
chemical
was for information, not necessarily
vides a moral basis to the West for the
companies advocating less regulation [be
compromise. In some cases one set of
arms race. The U.S.S.R. must assess the
required to] detail the dangers to water
proponents may be completely right and
total economic and political cost to their
supplies" and "Environmentalists advo-
no compromise would be indicated. In
hemisphere. The integrated cost has to
cating stringent precautions [be required
other cases both positions have merit
be painfully large. Correcting the situa-
to] state the cost to the consumer."
and compromise is a logical course of
tion is not a favor to us, it is a necessity
Even allowing for some mischievous hu-
action, not a dirty word. We will save the
for them. That is the message that must
mor, the issue is presented as mere com-
environment by showing it is worth the
be got across.
promise between extremes.
cost, not by pretending that we consum*
What would it take for us to perceive
Do we still believe that environment is
ers are not paying ultimately, in every
the Soviets as allies? For them to see us
infinitely divisible by compromise each
case.-DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.
as friends? Invasions by the Mongols, by
time a new claim appears? Have we
Napoleon, and by Hitler have sensitized
banished from science application of the
generations of Russians to external
basic principles of ecology? And, quite
threats. For us, the arrogant suppression
apart from the hard-won principles of
WRITER'S WORKBENCH
of human rights and of individual free-
science, what peculiar twist of logic
dom in the Soviet sphere is loathsome.
makes legitimate, even if for humor, this
I was pleased to see the favorable
We are sickened by the iron grip on the
type of perversion of the public's inter-
mention of AT&T's UNIX WRITER'S
Czech people, by the annihilation of Sol-
ests, so actively espoused by every pol-
WORKBENCH software in the article by
idarity, by the imprisonment of the Hel-
luter? Why can we not assign in our own
Joseph Raben (26 Apr., p. 434). It was
sinki Agreement monitors, by the silenc-
minds, in law, and in fact the cost of
unfortunate, however, that its develop-
ing of Sakharov.
industrial activity to the industry itself,
ment was attributed solely to me. Lor-
Driven on each side by the existing
foregoing those services and things
inda Cherry of AT&T Bell Laboratories
fear and mistrust, there is an epic game
whose costs cannot be accommodated?
developed the original programs that I
being played out-a tragicomedy, real-
Can anyone think for a moment that
augmented to create the WRITER'S
ly-in which weapons are prepared for a
environmentalists, so extraordinarily
WORKBENCH system. Her name should
battle that, should it occur, will end
effective in bringing a quiet revolution in
also have been mentioned.
human life. A gulag sense of ethics cou-
the American democracy, have neglect-
NINA H. MACDONALD
pled with nuclear missiles on the Soviet
ed to compute and state costs to consum-
AT&T Information Systems,
side drives the West in its arms build-up,
ers and to the public at large of virtually
190 River Road,
which, in turn strengthens the position of
every commercial and governmental
Summit, New Jersey 07901
the Soviet hard-liners.
transgression of common sense? That,
Erratum: The article "Polish universities face
The loop is not easy for the West to
indeed, is where much of the progress
crackdown" by Mark Crawford (News and Com-
break. But the Soviets could break the
has been.
ment, 12 July, p. 146) did not properly identify an
underground journal and two universities that have
loop unilaterally and at minimum risk-
The law usually lags behind the scien-
resisted the clampdown on academic freedoms. The
by new policies in human rights.
tific and technical realities. At the mo-
journal is Tygodnik Mazowsze. The proper names of
the universities are Jagiellonian University in Kra-
In the renewal of contacts, we must
ment the reality is that we are causing
kow and Wroclaw B. Beirut University in Wroclaw.
600
SCIENCE, VOL. 229
34
System II
91097
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
JM-C
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
SECRET
October 21, 1985
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCK Jan
SUBJECT:
President's Letter to Gorbachev
Attached at Tab I is a memorandum to the President forwarding a
proposed response to Gorbachev's letter of September 12. I have
reviewed State's original draft and have suggested some
modifications (text at Tab A). I have removed a few sentences
which seem unnecessarily provocative in a written communication
from the President (marked on the text from State at Tab II).
Attached at Tab III is a proposed draft from Steve Sestanovich,
which he feels better tracks with the final version of the
President's UN address. I have not had an opportunity to review
Steve's proposed text.
Since the letter is primarily designed to inform Gorbachev of the
regional proposals the President will make in his October 24 U.N.
General Assembly speech, it is imperative that the substance of
the letter reach him by October 23.
RECOMMENDATION
That you approve the memorandum forwarding the letter to
Gorbachev as ammended at Tab A for the President's signature.
Approve
Disapprove
Alternatively, that you approve the draft as originally submitted
by State (Tab II).
Approve
Disapprove
Or, that you approve Steve Sestanovich's proposed draft at Tab
III.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I
Memorandum to the President
Tab A
Modified letter to Gorbachev
Tab II
Original draft from State
Tab III
Steve Sestanovich's draft
DECLASSIFIED
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
ILRRF06-114/3#7903
BY RW NARA DATE 3/8/11
SE
I
0
36
System II
91097
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SECRET
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
SUBJECT:
Letter to Gorbachev
Issue
To sign the attached letter to General Secretary Gorbachev.
Facts
We have prepared a letter to Gorbachev outlining the regional
initiative you will be making in your General Assembly address.
Discussion
The attached letter responds to Gorbachev's letter of September
12 which Foreign Minister Shevardnadze delivered when you met
with him September 27. In addition, it gives Gorbachev advance
notice of the regional initiative you will be proposing in your
speech to the UN General Assembly on Thursday.
Recommendation
OK
No
That you sign the attached letter to
-
Gorbachev.
Attachment
Tab A
Letter to Gorbachev
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
DECLASSIFIED
NLRR F06-114/3#7904 114/3#
BY RW NARA DATE 3/8/11
31
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
AMB MATLOCK'S VERSION
39
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Mr. General Secretary:
I would like to thank you for your letter of
September 12, which was delivered to me by Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze when we met in the White
House on September 27. The discussions that
Secretary Shultz and I had with the Foreign
Minister were frank and useful. In my view they
demonstrated that we both are working seriously on
the problems which divide us as we near our
meeting in Geneva. As I told Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze, I look forward to my meeting with
you and to the prospect of making our relations
more constructive. I am considering carefully the
arms control proposals contained in your letter
and will be in touch with you on these questions
in the near future.
This week I will be addressing the UN General
Assembly at the commemoration of the Fortieth
Anniversary of the establishment of the United
Nations. This anniversary provides us all with a
valuable opportunity to reflect on the importance
of the UN to world peace and security, as well as
the organization's unrealized potential. I think
we both agree that the UN can and must be more
effective in dealing with regional conflicts. In
this connection, I noted Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze's statement to the United Nations
General Assembly that the Soviet Union viewed with
alarm the fact that "it has not been possible to
settle a single regional conflict or to extinguish
a single hotbed of military tension."
At the same time we must both recognize that the
UN cannot by itself prevent such conflicts. All
DECLASSIFIED/RE/045C)
NLRR Fob-114/3 #7906
BY CAS NARA DATE 10/30/07
40
2
nations, particularly those directly involved,
must devote their best efforts to reducing
tensions and pursuing negotiated solutions to the
most dangerous regional conflicts. Certainly our
two nations have a major responsibility to
encourage such efforts. In this regard, I was
pleased to note in your recent letter that you
thought it useful for Secretary Shultz and Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze to seek, "wherever possible
practical solutions." I believe that with the
proper will on both sides, it will be possible
to find such solutions.
As I told Foreign Minister Shevardnadze, we
believe that our regional experts' discussions
have been useful and have proposed that we hold
such exchanges on a regular basis. It is also
desirable to try to build on this start by moving
beyond the clarification of viewpoints to the
search for concrete solutions to real problems. I
hope that you and I can discuss this larger
question in considerable detail when we meet at
Geneva.
Through our regional exchanges we have made clear
our views on the nature of these problems and
their impact on our overall relationship.
Although our views on many aspects of these
problems vary greatly, we believe that these
disputes require political, not military
solutions, and we are prepared, if the Soviet
Union is willing, to seek ways to help resolve
conflicts through negotiation.
Because I believe in promoting a search for
political solutions, I propose that we concentrate
our efforts on those conflicts which eroded our
relationship in past years. This would include
Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Angola and
Ethiopia. I have in mind a peace process that
seeks progress at three levels encompassing
internal reconciliation, superpower restraint, and
3
economic rehabilitation and reconstruction. We
must recognize, of course, that every regional
dispute will have its own particular character and
requirements. In some instances the international
dimension of the problem would need to be
addressed at the outset, in others the local
reconciliation process would take priority.
Recognizing that these conflicts are rooted in
local disputes and problems, one step must be
negotiations between the real adversaries in the
conflict; as the process of negotiation moved
forward, an end to violence with national
reconciliation and withdrawal of foreign troops
could be envisioned.
Once the parties to the conflicts make real
progress, separate U.S.-Soviet discussions could
begin. These talks would not be formal peace
negotiations but would aim to support the ne-
gotiating process between the warring parties.
The focus would be on ending or preventing the
resumption of outside military presence.
In some cases they might offer guarantees for
agreements reached, but in every case the primary
U.S. -Soviet role would be to support regional
efforts to reduce and eliminate outside military
involvement, including withdrawal of foreign
troops and limitation of the flow of outside arms.
If the first two stages are successful, it would
make possible the reintegration of these countries
into the world economy. The United States is
prepared to contribute generously to this effort.
Foreign Minister Shevardnadze noted in his remarks
at the United Nations General Assembly that in
many cases mechanisms for mediation were already
in place. We agree with that assessment, want to
strengthen these existing fora, and believe that
this proposal will complement and reinforce those
mechanisms.
43
4
I fear that if we are unable to resolve these
problems through negotiation among the real
parties and through mutual restraint, they will
only grow more difficult to resolve. This could
lead to increased tensions - a situation which
neither of us should welcome. I hope the Soviet
Union is prepared to work constructively to help
promote solutions to these conflicts. If so, you
will find us willing to do our part to reduce our
respective military involvement in these regions.
Sincerely,
His Excellency
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Kremlin
Moscow
I
44
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DEPT OF STATE VERSION
44
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Mr. General Secretary:
I would like to thank you for your letter of
September 12, which was delivered to me by Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze when we met in the White
House on September 27. The discussions that
Secretary Shultz and I had with the Foreign
Minister were frank and useful. In my view they
demonstrated that we both are working seriously on
the problems which divide us as we near our
meeting in Geneva. As I told Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze, I look forward to my meeting with
you and to the prospect of making our relations
more constructive. I am considering carefully the
arms control proposals contained in your letter
and will be in touch with you on these questions
in the near future.
This week I will be addressing the UN General
Assembly at the commemoration of the Fortieth
Anniversary of the establishment of the United
Nations. This anniversary provides us all with a
valuable opportunity to reflect on the importance
of the UN to world peace and security, as well as
the organization's unrealized potential. I think
we both agree that the UN can and must be more
effective in dealing with regional conflicts. In
this connection, I noted Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze's statement to the United Nations
General Assembly that the Soviet Union viewed with
alarm the fact that "it has not been possible to
settle a single regional conflict or to extinguish
a single hotbed of military tension."
At the same time we must both recognize that the
UN cannot by itself prevent such conflicts. All
DECLASSIFIED /RE/CASED
NLRR F06-114/3 #7907
BY Gs NARA DATE 10/30/07
41
2
nations, particularly those directly involved must
devote their best efforts to reducing tensions and
pursuing negotiated solutions to the most
dangerous regional conflicts. Certainly our two
nations have a major responsibility to encourage
such efforts. In this regard, I was pleased to
note in your recent letter that you thought it
useful for Secretary Shultz and Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze to seek, "wherever possible practical
solutions." I believe that with the proper will
on both sides, it will be possible to find such
solutions.
As I told Foreign Minister Shevardnadze, we
believe that our regional experts' discussions
have been useful and have proposed that we hold
such exchanges on a regular basis. It is also
desirable to try to build on this start by moving
beyond the clarification of viewpoints to the
search for concrete solutions to real problems. I
hope that you and I can discuss this larger
question in considerable detail when we meet at
Geneva.
Through our regional exchanges we have made clear
our views on the nature of these problems and
their impact on our overall relationship. As you
are aware, in our view the Soviet Union's resort
to direct use of force, as in Afghanistan, its use
of proxies in other areas, and its willingness to
take advantage of unsettled local situations to
impose governments against the will of the people
all contributed to the deterioration of relations
between our countries in the last decade. The
regimes which the Soviet Union has supported are
repressive and unpopular, and have not established
themselves despite outside military intervention,
often including advisers, foreign troops and
massive military supplies. In fact the policies
of these Soviet-style regimes have given rise to
indigenous opposition seeking to liberalize or
overthrow them.
48
3
I have made clear on many occasions our sympathies
are with freedom-loving peoples everywhere who
fight for genuine self-determination. At the same
time, we believe that these disputes require
political, not military solutions, and we are
prepared, if the Soviet Union is willing, to seek
ways to help resolve conflicts through
negotiation.
Because I believe in promoting a search for
political solutions, I propose that we concentrate
our efforts on those conflicts which eroded our
relationship in past years. This would include
Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Angola and
Ethiopia. I have in mind a peace process that
seeks progress at three levels encompassing
internal reconciliation, superpower restraint, and
economic rehabilitation and reconstruction. We
must recognize, of course, that every regional
dispute will have its own particular character and
requirements. In some instances the international
dimension of the problem would need to be
addressed at the outset, in others the local
reconciliation process would take priority.
Recognizing that these conflicts are rooted in
local disputes and problems, one step must be
negotiations between the real adversaries in the
conflict; as the process of negotiation moved
forward, an end to violence with national re-
conciliation and withdrawal of foreign troops
could be envisioned.
Once the parties to the conflicts make real
progress, separate U.S.-Soviet discussions begin.
These talks would not be formal peace negotiations
but would aim to support the negotiating process
between the warring parties. The focus would be
on ending or preventing the resumption of outside
military presence.
49
4
In some cases they might offer guarantees for
agreements reached, but in every case the primary
U.S.-Soviet role would be to support regional
efforts to reduce and eliminate outside military
involvement, including withdrawal of foreign
troops and limitation of the flow of outside arms.
If the first two states are successful, it would
make possible the reintegration of these countries
into the world economy. The United States is
prepared to contribute generously to this effort.
Foreign Minister Shevardnadze noted in his remarks
at the United Nations General Assembly that in
many cases mechanisms for mediation were already
in place. We agree with that assessment, want to
strengthen these existing fora, and believe that
this proposal will complement and reinforce those
mechanisms.
I fear that if we are unable to resolve these
problems through negotiation among the real
parties and through mutual restraint, they will
only grow more difficult to resolve. This could
lead to increased tensions - a situation which
neither of us should welcome. I hope the Soviet
Union is prepared to work constructively to help
promote solutions to these conflicts. If so, you
will find us willing to do our part to reduce our
respective military involvement in these regions.
Sincerely,
His Excellency
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Kremlin
Moscow
1
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
SESTANOVICH VERSION
52
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Dear Mr. General Secretary:
Thank you for your letter of September 12, which
was delivered to me by Foreign Minister Shevard-
nadze at the White House on September 27. The
discussions that Secretary Shultz and I had with
the Foreign Minister were frank and useful. In my
view they demonstrated that we both are working
seriously on the problems which divide us as we
near our meeting in Geneva. As I told Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze, I look forward to the
meeting and to the prospect of more constructive
relations. I am considering carefully the arms
control proposals contained in your letter and
will be in touch with you on these questions in
the near future.
This week I will address the UN General Assembly
at the commemoration of the Fortieth Anniversary
of the establishment of the United Nations. This
anniversary is a valuable opportunity to reflect
on the importance of the UN to world peace and
security, as well as its unrealized potential. I
think we both agree that the UN can and must be
more effective in dealing with regional conflicts.
In this connection, I noted Foreign Minister
Shevardnadze's statement to the United Nations
General Assembly that the Soviet Union viewed with
alarm the fact that "it has not been possible to
settle a single regional conflict or to extinguish
a single hotbed of military tension."
We both recognize that the UN cannot by itself
prevent such conflicts. All nations, particularly
NLRR FU6-114/3
BY as NARA DATE 10/32/07
2
those directly involved, must devote their best
efforts to reducing tensions and pursuing
negotiated solutions to the most dangerous
regional conflicts. Certainly our two nations
have a major responsibility to encourage such
efforts.
As I told Foreign Minister Shevardnadze, we have
found our regional experts' discussions useful and
propose to hold them on a regular basis. It is
also desirable to try to build on this start by
moving beyond the clarification of viewpoints to
the search for concrete solutions to real prob-
lems. I hope that you and I can discuss this
larger question in detail when we meet at Geneva.
Even before then, however, I will put before the
UN General Assembly an initiative to deal with an
important groups of conflicts in Asia, Africa and
Central America. I want you to be aware in
advance of the proposal I will make.
Through our regional exchanges we have made clear
our views on the nature of these problems and
their impact on our overall relationship.
Although our views on many aspects of these
problems vary greatly, we believe that these
disputes require political, not military
solutions, and we are prepared, if the Soviet
Union is willing, to seek ways to help resolve
conflicts through negotiation.
Because I believe in promoting a search for
political solutions, I propose that we concentrate
our efforts on those conflicts that did most to
erode our relationship in the past. This would
include Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Angola
and Ethiopia. Of course, each of these conflicts
has its own character and requirements, and we
approach them with this fact in mind; other
conflicts will need separate treatment altogether.
54
3
The peace program that I will put before the
General Assembly seeks progress at three levels:
internal reconciliation, superpower restraint, and
economic reconstruction.
Because these conflicts are rooted in local
disputes and problems, the starting point must be
negotiations between the warring parties in each
conflict; in the case of Afghanistan, this would
obviously mean your own government. These talks
may take different forms, but we believe that,
together with improvement of internal political
conditions, they are essential to achieving an end
to violence, the withdrawal of foreign troops, and
national reconciliation.
Once the parties to the conflicts make real
progress, a second level of the process would be
useful: separate U.S.-Soviet discussions, aimed at
supporting the negotiating process between the
warring parties. These talks would not be formal
peace negotiations; needless to say, it is not for
us to impose solutions. In some cases, however,
it would be appropriate to consider guarantees for
agreements reached. In every case the primary
U.S. -Soviet role would be to support regional
efforts to reduce and eliminate outside military
involvement, including withdrawal of foreign
troops and restraint on the flow of outside arms.
If the first two stages are successful, a third
would then become possible: the reintegration of
these countries into the world economy. The
United State is prepared to contribute generously
at this stage.
Foreign Minister Shevardnadze noted in his remarks
at the United Nations General Assembly that in
many cases mechanisms for mediation were already
in place. We want to strengthen these existing
4
mechanisms, and believe that this proposal will
complement and reinforce them.
I feel that if we are unable to resolve these
problems through negotiation among the real
parties and through mutual restraint, they will
only grow more difficult to resolve. This could
lead to increased tensions - a situation that
neither of us should welcome. I hope the Soviet
Union is prepared to work constructively to help
promote solutions to these conflicts, and will
offer early support for my proposal. If so, you
will find us willing to do our part, and to make
the most of opportunities thereby opened for
progress on other critical issues.
Sincerely,
His Excellency
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Kremlin
Moscow