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John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library [1]
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John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library [1]
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Records of the First Lady's Office (Clinton Administration)
Bobbie Greene's Files
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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. letter
Shelley Sommer to Bobbie Greene [partial] (1 page)
06/16/1998
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Bobbie Greene
OA/Box Number: 14742
FOLDER TITLE:
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library [1]
2012-0872-S
rc888
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
June 5, 1998
ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE
Dear Brad q John
way back to Wigh to
Were winging our
but before I sive
Back into reality,
1 want to thank
you fn all you
both Lid to make
today's Llbrary visit
so interesty and
informative Fn me,
of counse, it wasmone-
a Sentimental yourrey,
a chance to recomect
with th old colleagues
and a political
time like no Sther in
my life.
1 know the First
Lady was also
inspired She's rarin'
Leeply moved and
to 80 - - and the
tom today will only
make Ker more
determined to move
forward as quickly
as Bossible.
We'll Be/Back
in touch we
learned a lot that
will be helpful and
there's a lot more
we have to learn
Enn you!
ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE
Thanks again for
the Selightful
blend of my
past and present
lives.
Let me knw
if & when you
next plan to be
in DC-- - 2's
( me to return
The favor.
Warmest,
Robbie (over)
Please also convey
my appeciation to
the rest b the staff
for their efforts-
l wish Here were
time fn personal
notes to each of the
And, Please tell
Shelly him sony d
was to miss her.
June 5, 1998
ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE
Dear of-
way back to Washington,
We're winging our
but before we lang and
Jump Back into the
fray, d want to
thank you for a
most thoughtful informative
and inspiring visit to
the Library.
As you can imagine,
fn we it was a
real sentimental journey
of was wonderful
to See So many familiar
faces, albeit sme what
older and siayer But,
of learned So much
that will inform our
efforts to got the
Clinton Library off
to an emen set c&smart
Aant the Blend
of my past and
present lives waspersonal
glatify inkeef. While
we haven't had much
of an opartunity to
speak in Detail, d
knw that the
First Lady alsowas 50th
moved cod matirated
"narin" to go."
by your tom -- She's
Thanks for your
warmth & generosity of
ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE
spirit, and Fn
SIN., us the benefit
of your insight and
experience -- personal
and professional The
Kennedy L.Brary is
futunate to have
such are engaged
and expert family
member immersed in
its work.
Please let vs
ever be of assistance
know if we can
you family winld
-- or if you and
just like to pay a
call at the white
House.
All best,
Robbie
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
3/12/98
H Bobbie-
Attached is a pachet of literature
A Presidential Library
Administered By
The National Archives
about the Library. I thought you
And Records
Administration
night enjoy seeing it.
Thanks,
Maria
Li
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Maria Carosa Stanwich
Director of Operations
]
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
617.929.1206 Fax: 617.929.4538
e-mail: [email protected]
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 617.929.4500 617.929.4538 (fax) http://www.csumb.edu/jfklibrary/index.htm
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
11
J.J
11111
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Columbia
"History will have to record that the greatest tragedy of this period of
social transition was not the vitriolic words and violent actions of
the bad people, but the appalling silence and indifference of the
good people." Martin Luther King, Jr.
"One hundred years of delay have passed since President Lincoln
0
freed the slaves, yet their heirs, their grandsons, are not fully free. They
are not yet freed from the bonds of injustice. They are not yet freed from social and economic oppression.
And this nation, for all its hopes and all its boasts, will not be fully free until all its citizens are free."
President John F. Kennedy Televised Address, June 11, 1963
"If an American, because his skin is dark, cannot eat lunch in a
restaurant open to the public, if he cannot send his children to the
best public school available, if he cannot vote for the public officials
who represent him, if, in short, he cannot enjoy the full and free life
which all of us want, then who among us would be content to have the
color of his skin changed and stand in his place? President John F. Kennedy, Televised Address, June 11, 1963
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
F
Boston, MA 02125
Columbia Point
LIBRARY R A R AND MUSEUM E
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Please Post
Film Series
AT THE,JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY
Civil Rights
Film Series
AT THE F. KENNEDY LIBRARY
"Facing a Moral Crisis ~ The Struggle for Civil Rights in America"
As part of its special programming to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the historical events surrounding the nation's struggle
for civil rights, the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum is proud to present the following film series.
The films, taken from the
Kennedy Library's extensive audio-visual archives, include rarely seen television coverage and footage of some of the most dramatic events
of the early 1960s, including the integration of the University of Alabama; the March on Washington; the civil rights demonstrations
in Birmingham, Alabama; and President Kennedy's televised address to the nation on civil rights.
The film series is free and
open to the public. Films will be shown in the Dave Powers' Room at the Kennedy Library on Columbia Point, Boston. They will
run continuously throughout the day from 11:30 am through 5:00 pm.
For further information, please call
617.929.4523.
"I Have a Dream"
"Legacy of a Dream: Martin Luther King"
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s eloquent speech delivered on
Narrated by James Earl Jones, this film chronicles the events
August 28th 1963, during the March on Washington.
that secured the vote for African Americans and led to the
(20 mins.) January 19
death of the great civil rights leader.
(30 mins.) January 19, February 17
"The March on Washington"
Highlights of the August 28, 1963 March on Washington.
"Eyewitness: The U.S. VS Mississippi"
(60 mins.) January 31
The story of james Meredith and the Kennedy Administration's
struggles to desegregate the University of Mississippi.
"CBS Reports: The Other Face of Dixie"
Features interviews by a very young Dan Rather in one of
Highlights of CBS news coverage of the racial crisis in
his earliest assignments.
the south, particularly in Mississippi, and the response by
(30 mins.) February 18, February 28
President Kennedy and his administration.
(60 mins.) February 1
"Eyewitness: Week of Decision"
Reviews civil rights struggles in North Carolina and Alabama;
"Black American Odyssey"
Charles Collingwood reports on the assassination of Medgar
Covers the period from 1964 through 1983, from President
Evers; Governor George Wallace speaks on segregation policy;
Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act to the first black
and Dr. Martin Luther King comments on the struggles.
astronaut to orbit the earth. Also features such celebrities
(30 mins.) February 21
as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ray Charles,
Langston Hughes, and James Baldwin.
"Eyewitness: The President Meets the Racial Crisis"
(21 mins.) February 7, February 20
Part of the CBS network's "Eyewitness" series, this film
chronicles the actions taken by President Kennedy in
"We Face a Moral Crisis"
reaction to the mounting civil rights crises of the spring
President Kennedy's June 11, 1963 televised address to the
of 1963, including excerpts of the President's televised
nation on civil rights.
address to the nation on civil rights.
(20 mins.) February 8, February 19
(30 mins.) February 22
"Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment"
The Kennedy Library and Museum will devote most of its public
Cinema verite production on the confrontation between
and educational programs in 1998 to commemorate the civil rights
Governor George Wallace and the U.S.government over the
movement. For more information on the public programs being
admission of two black students to the University of Alabama.
offered, please call 617.929.4554.
(47 mins.) February 14, March 1
The Kennedy Library and Museum will waive all admission fees
"Great Americans: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr."
on Monday, February 16 in celebration of President's Day.
Using documentary footage and photographs, this film
The John F. Kennedy Library and Museum is a presidential library
traces Dr. King's actions as he commits his life to the struggle
administered by the National Archives and Records Administration
for civil rights.
and supported, in part, by the Kennedy Library Foundation,
(24 mins.) February 15
a non-profit organization. The Kennedy Library and the Kennedy
Library Foundation seek to promote, through educational and
"Paul Robeson, Tribute to an Artist"
community programs, a greater appreciation and understanding
An in-depth view of the brilliant actor, including dramatic
of American politics, history, and culture, the process of governing
footage from many of his famous roles.
and the importance of public service.
(25 mins.) February 16
particularly those affecting a new generation of leaders, and
Street
to encourage active participation in public affairs.
City
State
Zip code+ 4
he New Frontier Society sponsors
Members of the New Frontier Society
T
Daytime phone
round table dinner discussions with
receive a quarterly newsletter and various
Date of birth
political and community leaders,
publications of the Kennedy Library, free
journalists, academics, and others involved
admission to the museum and museums at all
Enclosed is my check for $25, payable to
the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
in politics and public service. Annually, the
other presidential libraries, and a 15% discount
Society honors a young, Massachusetts elected
at the Museum Store. Invitations are periodically
or Charge $25 to my:
OVisa OMasterCard OAmerican Express
official for demonstrating outstanding leadership
extended to New Frontier Society members
and vision.
to participate in dinners, receptions and other
Card number
The Society hosts social and networking
events hosted by the Library for prominent
Exp. date
events to bring together young people who share
national and international political leaders.
Signature
an interest in politics and public affairs. Members
have many opportunities to participate in
educational programs sponsored by the Kennedy
For more information please call,
Library to encourage responsible citizenship
Mail to:
and increase awareness of current political
(617) 929-4548.
New Frontier Society
John F. Kennedy Library
events among middle and high school students.
Columbia Point
Boston MA 02125
Spring 1998
AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
History Study Workshops
Background
(about 50 pages) selected from collections of
papers at the Kennedy Library.
T. 0 assist in the implementation of the
Students read these primary sources, supervised
Massachusetts Educational Reform Act of 1993,
and guided by their teacher, in an effort to discover
the American History Project for High School
what the documents reveal about behind the
Students, established by the Kennedy Library in
scenes efforts by the Kennedy administration
1994, is offering History Study Workshops aimed at
to avert violence and enforce the court order to
introducing students to the intellectual challenge of
desegregate the University.
research in primary source documents. The 1998
A sixty minute exchange between students, the
workshops are also a part of "Facing a Moral Crisis,"
teacher and the project director focusing on the
a series of Kennedy Library programs marking
meaning and importance of what the students
the 35th anniversary of the struggle for civil rights
discovered in the documents.
in 1963.
Details
Goals
There is no cost for participating in the History
History Study Workshops consist of a three-hour
Study Workshops, thanks to support from the
morning session at the Kennedy Library on working
John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. Some grants
with primary sources in historical study. They are
are available for bus transportation. Teachers
designed for classes of juniors and seniors.
interested in more information or in signing up for
a History Workshop should contact:
During the workshop students examine packets of
documents selected from the papers of President
Sheldon M. Stern, Director
Kennedy and several key members of his
American History Project for High School Students
administration dealing with the efforts by the
John F. Kennedy Library
president, the attorney general and their staffs to
Columbia Point - Boston, MA 02125
prevent Governor George Wallace from "standing
(phone) 617.929.4537
in the schoolhouse door" to block the desegregation
(fax) 617.929.1271
of the University of Alabama in 1963.
E-mail: [email protected]
Content
Please include the following in all messages:
name, address and phone number of the school;
The workshop is divided into three segments:
name, address, home and school phone number of
A thirty minute review by the project director of
the teacher; grade level and number of students.
the historical roots and context of the 1963
Be sure to include area and zip codes.
desegregation crisis in Alabama, including a video
excerpt of the confrontation with Governor
Wallace in June, 1963.
A seventy-five minute investigation and analysis
JOHN F. KENNEDY
by the students of a packet of 15-20 documents
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
History Study Workshops
AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Spring 1998
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300
Spring 1998
History Study Workshops
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Spring 1998
AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Young Historian Seminars
Background
Describe any important or unexpected
discoveries made during their research
In accordance with the Massachusetts Educational
Explain precisely how the evidence contributed
Reform Act of 1993, history and social science cur-
to their final conclusions
riculum frameworks are currently being implement-
ed in an effort to raise standards and expectations
Among the topics discussed in recent years in
in history education for our schools and our stu-
illustrating these points are: civil rights activity in
dents. Young Historian Seminars, a component of
late 19th century Boston; the La Follette political
the American History Project for High School
family of Wisconsin; the Black press during World
Students established by the Kennedy Library in
War I; protest marches on Washington from the
1994, are aimed at assisting educational reform by
1890s through the 1960s; United States secret
helping teachers, parents and students make the
intelligence operations during World War II and
study of history a more challenging endeavor and a
the Apollo space program.
central focus in the intellectual and civic develop-
ment of young people.
Details
Goals
There is no cost to teachers or students to
participate in the Young Historian Seminars,
Several talented young historians are available in
thanks to a grant from the John F. Kennedy Library
the spring to speak at greater Boston high schools
Foundation. Teachers interested in more informa-
about their research. The purpose of these discus-
tion or in applying to have a seminar presented in
sions is to take juniors and seniors in United States
their school should contact:
history courses directly into the process of historical
investigation and to establish the connection
Sheldon M. Stern, Director
between the analysis of evidence and the writing
American History Project for High School Students
of history, "from the inside."
John F. Kennedy Library
Columbia Point
The presentation requires one regular class period.
Boston, MA 02125
The historians will provide teachers and students
(phone) 617.929.4537
beforehand with a concise summary of their
(fax) 617.929.1271
research project and a glossary of historical terms
E-mail: [email protected]
and vocabulary used in the discussion. Every effort
will be made to engage students in dialogue and
Please include the following information in all
to respond to their questions.
messages: name, address and phone number of
the school; name, address, school and home phone
number of the teacher; grade level and number
Content
of students; exact daily schedule of the class.
Be sure to include area and zip codes.
In each class, the young historians will:
Discuss the selection of a research topic
Distribute and explain examples of primary
sources used in their writing
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Young Historian Seminars
AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Spring 1998
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300
Young Spring Historian Seminars
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
The United Nations
Building on Success
Health,
Children and Education
A Free Public Conference on the Work of the World Health Organization (WHO), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
and the UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Saturday, February 28, 1998 (8:30 4:00) John F. Kennedy Library, Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts
Presented by the Coalition for a Strong United Nations, the United Nations Association of Greater Boston
and the John F. Kennedy Library and other internationally-oriented sponsoring groups.
The purpose of the conference is to consider the work of the UN
Workshop 1 ~ "Nurturing Cultures of Peace" Elise Boulding, author,
educational and humanitarian organizations. The conference will also
consultant to UNESCO
address the question of how individuals in America and throughout the
world can support the work of the United Nations in creating a more
Workshop 2 ~ "The Future of UNICEF" Jane Schaller
humane and democratic international community.
Workshop 3 ~ "Getting the Message Across: Public Information and
The speakers have been chosen and the discussions planned to create
the United Nations System" Andrew Radolf
a conference of interest and relevance to people of all ages and
backgrounds. We particularly welcome high school and college students
Workshop 4 ~ "Violence Prevention: A Public Health Issue"
and faculty, recognizing that every generation needs to understand the
Dieter Koch-Weser
work and policies of the UN if we are to live up to the ideals of peace
and international justice expressed by the founders more than a half
2:30
Musical interlude by "Inca Son," internationally renowned
century ago.
performers of music from the Andes
Conference Agenda
3:00
Panel discussion Concluding remarks by speakers and work-
shop participants
8:30
Registration
4:00
Adjourn
9:00
"United Nations Agencies The Unsung Heroes"
Harvey Feinberg, Provost, Harvard University
Registration
9:30
"The World Health Organization (WHO)"
The conference is free. Registration can be done by mail, telephone,
Dieter Koch-Weser, former Associate Dean for International
Email or FAX. Space may be limited, so those who have registered in
Programs, Harvard Medical School
advance will be seated first. The Kennedy Library has ample free
parking and is accessible from the MBTA Red Line.
10:00 "The UN Childrens' Fund (UNICEF)" Jane Schaller,
Registration information includes: (a) name; (b) school or group
American Academy of Pediatrics Representative to UNICEF
affiliation, if any; (c) address; (d) daytime and evening phone numbers;
(e) fax number and Email address; (f) workshops preference (#1,2,3 or 4).
10:45
"The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
(UNESCO) Andrew Radolf, Press Officer, New York office of UNESCO
A packet of background readings is available for $10 or $5 for students.
Box lunches can be ordered for $10. (There is also a cafe at the
11:10
"Crisis and Renewal: Health in the United Nations"
Kennedy Library, where lunch can be purchased.)
Jonathan Mann, Dean, Allegheny School of Public Health
Please send registration information and a check for the readings
and/or lunch (payable to "Coalition/WFANE") to:
12:00
Lunch
Coalition for a Strong United Nations
1:00
Concurrent workshops The informal discussions will include
2161 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140
critical analyses of policies and issues, as well as discussions of
fax: 617.354.2832 phone: 617.576.3871
future directions, both leading to a fuller understanding of the
Email: [email protected]
challenges facing UN agencies.
For further information call the Kennedy Library at B 617.929.1211 or
the Coalition for a Strong UN at 6 617.576.3871.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Coalition for a Strong United Nations ~ 2161 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140 6 617.576.3871
The Coalition is a grassroots network of groups and individuals formed in 1993 to engage citizens in discussions of the UN
and its role in the future of the world community. The Coalition has held eight major conferences on UN~related themes and two Community Forums.
Through the Issues Roundtable, member groups cooperate in alerting the public about current issues
through discussions, lectures and various forms of advocacy with media and policy makers.
United Nations Association of Greater Boston ~ One Milk Street, Boston, MA 02109 B 617.482.4587
The UNA~GB has been serving the greater Boston community for over 35 years. Its mission is to foster understanding and support for
the UN. Membership is open to everyone. UNA~GB is the third largest chapter of the United Nations Association.
It provides a wide range of educational programs, including lectures, forums, workshops, international career days, school programs,
and curricula development for teaching about the UN.
John F. Kennedy Library ~ Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125 a 617.929.4553
The Library is an educational and cultural institution, a center for the study of public affairs. Through its research, museum and educational programs,
the Library contributes to the understanding citizens have about their responsibilities in addressing the problems of societies throughout the world.
The Library serves as the site for many conferences and forums cosponsored with other organizations.
Saturday, February 28, 1998 (8:30 4:00) John F. Kennedy Library
Building on Success ~Health, Children and Education
The United Nations
John F. Kennedy January 30, 1961
It "no fo woddns an persents 11
but according to the strength of its ideas
not according to the strength of its armies
where any nation can exert influence
no nation need be powerful to be secure
"The UN is the only body in the world where
Penalty for private use, $300
Official Business
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
The United Nations
Building on Success ~Health,
Children and Education
A Free Public Conference on the Work of the World Health Organization (WHO),
the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Facing a Moral Crisis: The Struggle for Civil Rights
Kennedy Library Public Programs
SPRING 1998
Sunday, March 1, 2:00 to 3:30
Tuesday, March 24, 5:30 to 7:30
TAYLOR BRANCH, author of Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963'-1965
The Media and the Civil Rights Revolution: Informing the Nation and
The second volume of Taylor Branch's trilogy on the civil rights era will be pub-
Shaping Public Opinion
lished this month. The first volume, Parting the Waters, won a Pulitzer Prize in
The acts of protest in the decade following the school desegregation decision
1988. Pillar of Fire covers the upheavals of 1963, 1964 and 1965, as the move-
succeeded, in part, because the organizers were able to show the people
ment broadened its geographical and political scope and became more con-
through newspapers, magazines, radio and television - what was really happen-
tentious and entangled with other national and international issues.
ing and why the injustices should be of concern to the entire nation.
Deval Patrick, former assistant attorney general, Civil Rights Division,
When the new stage of civil rights protests began in 1955, national news cover-
Department of Justice, will introduce Taylor Branch. Mr. Branch will talk about
age was slim. It would take several years for television, in particular, to have an
his research and conclusions, respond to audience questions and sign copies of
impact on public attitudes, although the image of youngsters being protected by
the book. (The book will be available at a 15% discount for members of the
soldiers as they walked to a Little Rock school through jeering crowds told peo-
Kennedy Library.).
ple throughout the world something about the unfairness of segregation.
Tuesday, March 10, 5:30 to 7:15
The discussion will look at media coverage from the perspectives of activists
Race and Political Leadership in the South
who were creatively trying to get more people to support their efforts, and those
President Johnson predicted in 1965 that his party would suffer because of its
in the news organizations who were deciding what to cover and how to present
vigorous support of civil rights. Race, he felt, had always been such an over-
it to the public.
whelming factor in the politics of the south, and in many northern states, that
the new era of bold attacks on discrimination would inevitably bring a radical
Charles Cobb, former SNCC worker; journalist, National Public Radio, National
Geographic
change in American politics. He was right.
This forum has three goals: (a) to look at the deep-seated political traditions of
Robert Drew, television producer, creator of the 1963 award-winning documen-
tary "Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment"
leaders in the south; (b) to consider just why southern leaders opposed the civil
rights movement SO aggressively, despite the probability of a successful outcome;
Dan Rather, broadcast journalist; anchorman and managing editor, "CBS News
and (c) to discuss the long-term political implications of the civil rights'move-
with Dan Rather"; author, The Camera Never Blinks: Adventures of a TV
ment, and why southern elections have become so competitive since the time of
Journalist
President Johnson.
Wyatt Tee Walker, former chief of staff to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and vice
Nadine Cohodas, author of Strom Thurmond and the Politics of Southern Change
president, Southern Christian Leadership Conference; senior pastor, Canaan
and The Band Played Dixie: Race and the Liberal Conscience at Ole Miss
Baptist Church of Christ
Ray Jenkins, former editor of The Montgomery Journal, special assistant to
Sunday, March 29, 2:00 to 4:00
President Carter and editorial page editor of The Baltimore Sun
Boston and the Civil Rights Movement
Curtis Wilkie, reporter, The Boston Globe (stationed in New Orleans), graduate
In 1900, relations between black and white citizens in Boston were fairly good,
of the University of Mississippi, covered civil rights issues in the 1960s
in part because of the city's leading role in the abolitionist movement. African
Americans did not yet live in distinct neighborhoods, and the political leader-
Sunday, March 15, 2:00 to 3:30
ship of the city, including John Fitzgerald, was generally sympathetic to the
The Music of the Civil Rights Movement:
needs of this small but important constituency.
A Discussion, Performance and Joyful Celebration
The story of what happened to this relationship between 1900 and 1954 is a
African Americans have always used music to comment on and respond to their
major chapter in the history of the city. Understanding this background helps to
circumstances. Thus, it was natural that the civil rights demonstrations and
explain the response of Bostonians to the national movement for civil rights in
meetings of the 1950s and 1960s would almost always include songs. Indeed, one
the 1950s and 1960s, and why busing in the 1970s was so difficult for everyone.
of the lasting images of that period is the scene of hundreds, or thousands, of
The forum will consist of two brief talks and a panel discussion among Boston
men, women and children, black and white, joining hands and singing "We
civil rights activists of the 1960s.
Shall Overcome."
Ruth Batson, national, statewide and local activist; a founder of METCO; for-
Music played both an inspirational and practical role. Singing was a strategy,
mer president of the Museum of Afro-American History
often causing things to happen, an effective tool in maintaining discipline and
in communicating with the opposition. It was said that southern sheriffs, in
Gerald Gill, associate professor of history, Tufts University and scholar in resi-
leading protesters to jail, often expressed their outrage over the quiet, peaceful
dence, The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
singing at "illegal" public rallies. The courage and determination of people was
James Jennings, director, William Monroe Trotter Institute and professor of
often reinforced by music, their fears diminished, their thoughts focused clearly
political science, University of Massachusetts, Boston
on the goals of the movement.
Mark Schneider, author of Boston Confronts Jim Crow, 1890-1920
Charles Neblitt, former SNCC field secretary and community organizer; manag-
er, music director and performer, The Freedom Singers
Sunday, April 19, 2:00 to 3:30
Religion, the Churches and the Crusade for Racial Justice
Hollis Watkins, former organizer for the Mississippi Voting Rights Project; presi-
The civil rights movement was a political, social, economic and religious cru-
dent of Southern Echo, Inc., a leadership development, education and training
sade. It enlisted the hearts and minds of millions and the physical energy of
organization.
thousands. The cause had special appeal to young people intent on doing some-
thing now, sending them into the streets and into countless endeavors to end
the evils of segregation and racial discrimination.
The churches were clearly a dominant partner among the institutions and orga-
JOHN F. KENNEDY
nizations of the movement. A high percentage of the leaders of civil rights orga-
nizations were ministers. Black churches were often the points of mobilization
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
for rallies and housed the offices of protest groups. Church members regularly fed
and cared for civil rights workers, and recruited demonstrators, which led, sadly,
to the burning or bombing of several hundred churches during the turbulent
years of the struggle for civil rights.
Speakers to be announced.
For reservations call 617 929-4571. These programs are free. Reservations are recommended. We do not issue tickets or
confirm reservations. Those who make reservations by phone will be on a list and they will be seated first, if a large crowd is expected.
For information about programs and speakers call Donna Cotterell at 617 929-1272.
Facing a Moral Crisis: The Struggle for Civil Rights
Kennedy Library Public Programs
SPRING 1998
A special message from the director of the Kennedy Library
Detailed information about all of these activities will be available in early March
Kennedy Library programs this spring will focus on the historic movement that led
and will be mailed to those who have participated in past Kennedy Library pro-
to dramatic improvements in the guarantees of basic human and constitutional
grams. We urge you to share this flyer and other information about Kennedy
rights for all Americans. Thirty-five years ago, in the spring and summer of 1963, a
Library programs with friends, neighbors and colleagues. If you want additional
number of events occurred that forever changed the nature and direction of our
copies, please call Donna Cotterell at 617 929-1272.
society.
This entire effort has been organized with the help and encouragement of a com-
The history of this revolution should be thoughtfully studied, for the lessons are rel-
mittee: Mary Reed (chair), Ruth Batson, Henry Hampton, Gloria White
evant to many of the problems facing Americans today. Our hope is that partici-
Hammond, Wil Haygood, Gordon Martin, Marva Nathan, Glendora Putnam, and
pants will use this series as an opportunity to search creatively for understanding,
Tyra Sidberry. We are grateful for their advice.
and, most important, for an appreciation of the steps we must all take to complete
the courageous efforts of the spring and summer of 1963.
We also appreciate the financial support received from the Lowell Institute, the
Marjorie Kovler, Arthur Schlesinger, Theodore Sorensen and Charles Daly Funds
In addition to the programs described here, the Kennedy Library will sponsor a
and the thousands of individual donors to the Kennedy Library Foundation.
major symposium on Wednesday, April 29. Many men and women who played key
roles in the events of 1963 will gather to review the history and discuss the course
On behalf of the staff of the Kennedy Library, I look forward to your participation
of our nation since those momentous days.
in these programs this spring.
The library will also organize several discussions about civil rights history and racial
Bradley Gerratt
issues generally, for students, young professionals and retired men and women.
January 29, 1998
SPRING 1998
Kennedy Library Public Programs
Facing a Moral Crisis: The Struggle for Civil Rights
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Bulk Rate
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Postage & Fees
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
PAID
National Archives and
Records Administration
Permit No. G-293
Official Business
Penalty for private use. $300
RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED
"We are confronted with a moral
issue. It is as old as the scriptures and
as clear as the Constitution. The
heart of the question is whether all
Americans are to be afforded equal
rights and equal opportunities
John Kennedy
June 11, 1963
Facing a Moral Crisis: The Struggle for Civil Rights
Kennedy Library Public Programs
SPRING 1998
Fall 1997
Liberty and Limits: The Federalist Idea 200 Years Later
A Seminar at the Kennedy Library Sponsored by The New England Great Books Council and John F. Kennedy Library
The debate over the proper nature and scope of the federal
September 9, 1997
Reservations are necessary. To register for the four meet-
government is as passionate as ever and as old as the govern-
ment itself. Polls consistently show that Americans are increas-
Constant Combatants: The President and Congress
ings in this seminar, or for further information, call Alice
Powers at the Kennedy Library at 617-929-4554.
ingly suspicious of the ability of the federal government to deal
with the nation's problems and many consider the national
September 16, 1997
government an intrusive force in their lives or totally con-
trolled by interests other than theirs.
Whose Law, Whose Order?
The "Liberty and Limits" PBS series was produced by Seminars,
Inc., in association with The Twentieth Century Fund, and was
presented on WNET in New York. Grants were received from
This seminar will consist of four two-hour sessions, from 6:00 to
September 25, 1997
the Ford Foundation, PEW Charitable Trust and Corporation
8:00 p.m. For the first hour the group (limited to 35 people)
Privacy and Security on the Eve of the Millennium
for Public Broadcasting. WNET is providing support to the
will view a segment of the widely-acclaimed PBS series pro-
Great Books Council for this seminar.
duced by Fred Friendly. The second hour will be devoted to a
discussion of selected constitutional issues, based on readings in
September 30, 1997
The Federalist Papers, a copy of which will be given to each par-
ticipant in advance. The discussion will be led by an experi-
The Price of Politics: Electing Our Leaders
JOHN F. KENNEDY
enced Great Books moderator.
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Children's Hour
AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY
Children, accompanied by their parents, relatives and friends, are invited to attend a series of performances by
some of this country's most noted storytellers, musicians, artists and puppeteers. Admission is free and open to
the general public. Reservations are required. All performances are on Saturday mornings at 10:30 a.m.
There will be two performances for the December program (10:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m.). Call 617.929.4523
for reservations and further information.
1
October 19, 1996
5
February 8, 1997
The Wayne Martin Puppets
Janice Allen
"Drac Is Back!" And he has company too. Mr. Bones, the break-
"African-American Music Of The Carolina Sea Islands." Janice
away skeleton, a roller-skating devil, a juggling Jack O' Lantern, plus
Allen specializes in a blend of traditional African-American folk
an assortment of witches and goblins in this hilarious Halloween
and gospel music. With a range of African and African-American
spectacular puppet show. Appropriate for family audiences and
percussion instruments joined with her trademark accapella vocals,
children of all ages.
Janice Allen takes her audiences on a rhythmic journey from the
African continent to the Carolina Sea Islands. Audience participa-
November 23, 1996
tion is the keystone of the performance. Each song requires a chorus,
2
Tufts University Symphony Orchestra
movement or clapping response from the audience. Ms. Allen has
P. George Mathew, Conductor
appeared in Black Nativity, Revels and the Wheelock Family
Theater. She regularly tours in Japan and teaches at the Park School
"Autumn Journeys In Music." For many Americans, Thanksgiving
in Brookline. Janice Allen is the winner of the 1989 Boston Parents
season is a time of traveling to be with friends and family. Indeed
Paper Children's Entertainer of the Year award. Appropriate for
journeys, often very long ones, are a common part of our modern
family audiences and children ages 5 and older.
lives. In this concert for young people, conductor George Mathew
and the Tufts University Symphony Orchestra lead us on two differ-
ent autumnal musical journeys. The first is Felix Mendelssohn's
6
March 22, 1997
Magic Circle Programs
Scottish Symphony, a musical picture of the composer's 1830 sight-
seeing journey to Edinburgh, Scotland. The second is Boston
"To Welcome In The Spring." In a celebration of the earth's
composer Robert DiDomenica's 1980's musical journey into the
renewal, musician and storyteller Jennifer Smith entertains and
world of dreams, recent and long past. Appropriate for family
inspires with this program of traditional stories, games and songs
audiences and children ages 5 and older.
from four continents. We'll visit the forests of Korea and the moun-
tain hollows of Appalachia, the villages of England and Ghana,
December 14, 1996
West Africa, and the shores of the Great Lakes once peopled by
3
You and Me Puppets
Ojibway tribes. Join us and join in! Appropriate for family audiences
Two Performances 10:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m.
and children ages 5 and older.
"Hansel And Gretel." This production of the perennial favorite,
April 5, 1997
combines delightful puppets and music from Humperdinck's opera.
7
Tufts University Symphony Orchestra
Children from the audience participate in the performance as angels
P. George Mathew, Conductor
and dancing gingerbread. Everyone joins in singing The Evening
Prayer which has become a folk song for American as well as
"Presidents In Music." Did you know that President Thomas
German children. A delightful way to introduce youngsters to opera
Jefferson was a good violinist and that Presidents Truman and Nixon
and the excitement of drama told through music. Appropriate for
played the piano? More recently, President Bill Clinton has demon-
family audiences and children ages 5 and older.
strated his considerable gifts as a saxophonist. In addition to musical
presidents, great composers have sometimes painted musical portraits
4
January 18, 1997
of American presidents. Join us for a musical celebration when
Semenya McCord
George Mathew and the Tufts University Symphony Orchestra take
a look at musical portraits of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and
"Journey Into Jazz." Join Semenya McCord and a trio of exception-
John F. Kennedy by composers Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky.
al musicians in a participatory anthology of the African- American
Appropriate for family audiences and children ages 5 and older.
musical experience, highlighting the social and historical significance
of this art form. Spirituals, blues, and songs of the swing and bebop
eras are given particular emphasis. Also featured are instrumental
styles on piano, acoustic bass and drums. Ms. McCord, a renowned
JOHN F. KENNEDY
vocalist, composer and music educator, received a Martin Luther
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
King, Jr. Award for Musical Excellence in the City of Boston in 1990.
Appropriate for family audiences and children ages 5 and older.
Saturday mornings, 10:30 a.m., October 1996 - April 1997
if N H O [ N 3H1 AV
Children's Hour
John F. Kennedy Library
Columbia Point
Boston, MA 02125
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use, $300
Children's Hour
AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY
PROFILE IN COURAGE AWARD
The John F. Kennedy Library
The 1998 Profile In Courage
Essay Contest
"To be courageous requires no exceptional
qualifications, no magic formula, no special
combination of time, place and circumstance.
It is an opportunity that sooner or later is
And Scholarship
presented to us all. Politics merely furnishes
one arena which imposes special tests of
courage. In whatever arena of life one may
For High School Students
meet the challenge of courage, whatever
may be the sacrifices he faces if he follows
his conscience - the loss of his friends, his
Winners of the
The Contest
Profile In Courage
Essay Contest and
Write an essay of not more than 1000 words on one of the following:
fortune, his contentment, even
Scholarship.
Tell the story of an elected official, past or present, national or
the esteem of his fellow
local, who risked his or her political standing by conscientiously
men - each man
following a set of ideals or principles.
1995
Discuss a problem that is not being addressed in American society
must decide for
because the political costs are too high. If you were an elected official,
at any level, how would you address the problem and face your
himself the
Kathleen
opposition?
course he
Guilmartin,
Interview a local elected official and write about his or her most
a sophomore at
difficult decision or the process that he or she uses in making choices
will follow.
Kennebunk
High School in
when it's apparent that many citizens disagree.
The stories of
Kennebunk, Maine,
Write about the concept of political courage. What does it really
wrote about her
take for a person in public life to act courageously?
past courage
congressman,
Tom Andrews,
Background Information and Rules
can define that
who, at great
political risk,
W/o
that
in
Kennedy
ingredient , they can
Kennebunk, Maine,
Write about the concept of political courage. What does it really
wrote about her
take for a person in public life to act courageously?
past courage
congressman,
Tom Andrews,
who, at great
Background Information and Rules
can define that
political risk,
voted to close
We recommend that you read Profiles in Courage by John F. Kennedy.
ingredient they can
an Air Force Base
For information and ideas on the meaning of political courage, you
in Maine.
teach, they can offer hope,
might consult biographies of political leaders and lengthy "profiles"
of contemporary leaders in daily newspapers and news magazines.
they can provide inspiration. But they
There is an abundance of information about current events in
newspapers, magazines and books, and on the internet, television
cannot supply courage itself. For this
1996
and radio.
each man must look into his own soul."
An excellent source of background information and ideas is interviews
Ari Rabin-Havt,
with adults who have experience in politics - politicians themselves,
a junior at
reporters, teachers and interested citizens.
Paul D. Schreiber
Essays should be typed and double-spaced on one side of the paper.
High School in
Port Washington,
Essays will be judged on originality and clarity of thought and
An excerpt from Profiles in Courage, written by John F. Kennedy in the 1950s
New York,
writing skills.
discussed the
It is assumed that all entries are original work. Please list the
bravery of United
States Senator
sources you consulted in the preparation of your essay.
Judging and Recognition
Wayne Morse during
The U.S. Senators featured in Profiles in Courage cannot be subjects
All essays are read by at least two persons; then the 100 essays receiving the highest
a key moment in
of your essay.
scores are read by members of the Kennedy Library's education staff. The final ten essays
the Vietnam War.
Each entry must contain a title page, with the following information:
are judged by the same committee that selects the recipient of the John F. Kennedy
student's name, address and telephone number; the name and address
Profile in Courage Award, which honors an elected official for demonstrating political
of your school; and the name and telephone number of your principal
courage and leadership.
and two of your teachers. Do not use report covers. Also, do not
The winner of the essay contest receives a $2000 scholarship and will be invited to the
1997
put your name or any other information on any page other than the
Kennedy Library in May 1998, to participate in the ceremony recognizing the recipient
title page.
of the 1998 Profile in Courage Award.
Send two copies of your entry.
A finalist from each state will receive a $500 prize. (No finalist is named from the
Riki Lindhome,
Essays remain the property of the John F. Kennedy Library
winner's state.)
a senior at Portville
Foundation.
Twenty-five second-place finalists will receive a print, created exclusively for
Central School in
Portville, New York,
Essays should be postmarked by March 6, 1998 and addressed to:
the Kennedy Library by Jamie Wyeth. All winners receive a paperback edition of
wrote about
The John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
John F. Kennedy's Pulitzer Prize-winning book, Profiles in Courage.
Congresswoman
Carolyn McCarthy
Profile in Courage Award Essay Contest
An excerpt from the winning
and her very personal
Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
essay will be published in the
commitment to
John F. Kennedy Library Newsletter.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
gun control.
For further information or additional flyers
call 617.436.9986 (ext 19).
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
1784
Postmark deadline for essays: March 6, 1998
BankBoston
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
The Profile in Courage Essay Contest and Scholarship is sponsored by:
1784
BankBoston
Dear Educator,
We would be grateful if you would bring to the attention of your students and colleagues this poster on the 1998 Profile in Courage Essay Contest
and Scholarship for High School Students. The contest is open to high school students in New England, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
The Profile in Courage Award, presented each May by the Kennedy Library Foundation, honors elected officials who have demonstrated
exceptional political courage. Through the Profile in Courage Essay Contest, we want to get more students thinking about the difficult
choices that politics often presents; choices between conscience and constituents, between moral principles and electoral success.
I'm sure you will agree that idealism on matters of public policy still exists at the high school level, but it needs nurturing, encouragement
and direction. We hope this contest provides that.
The poster contains detailed information and recommendations for preparing student essays. All essays will be read and acknowledged.
The postmark deadline for the 1998 contest is March 6. Early submissions would be appreciated to ensure that each essay receives
the careful consideration it deserves.
Please encourage entries from your students. Teachers and parents are urged to call the Kennedy Library Foundation at 617.436.9986 (ext19)
for further information and guidance.
On behalf of the Kennedy Library, I want to express our gratitude to BankBoston for their sponsorship of this year's essay contest.
Thank you for your help.
John Stewart
Director of Education
John F. Kennedy Library
For High School Students
And Scholarship
Essay Contest
The 1998 Profile In Courage
JOHN F. KENNEDY
Bulk Rate
Postage & Fees
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
PAID
National Archives and
Records Administration
Permit No. G-293
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300
GCIU
346
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
THE MUSEUM AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY
The museum is designed to convey John F. Kennedy's enthusiasm for the
American system of politics and government and to help visitors better
understand our nation's recent history. As a Presidential Library, administered
by the National Archives and Records Administration, this goal is accomplished
by combining our rich depository of audiovisual and textual materials with our
wealth of museum objects. Visitors to the museum learn about the career of John
A Presidential Library
F. Kennedy, the challenges he faced, the decisions he made, and his
Administered By
commitment to public life as he narrates his story on film, video, and sound
The National Archives
And Records
recordings. Following a chronological path, 21 exhibits, including 21 video
Administration
presentations, detail the sights and sounds of President Kennedy's lifetime and
presidency.
A gallery of Kennedy family photographs and a 17-minute introductory
film cover Kennedy's life up to his nomination for the presidency in 1960.
Visitors then pass through a space evoking the sights and sounds of the
convention, leading to the Campaign Trail exhibit. Video footage of Nixon and
Kennedy debating and campaigning as well as CBS and NBC news coverage of
election night convey the closely fought nature of the campaign.
Visitors then "attend" the inauguration of the 35th President by
watching Kennedy deliver his challenging Inaugural Address. After the address,
visitors follow John F. Kennedy into the White House. All exhibits on the
Kennedy presidency, including such issues as the Cuban Missile Crisis, Civil
Rights, and the Space Program, are in spaces that reflect the decoration of the
presidential mansion. The work of Attorney General Robert Kennedy is
documented in a room suggesting his Justice Department office. Jacqueline
Kennedy's work to advance appreciation of the arts and encourage preservation
of America's heritage, including the White House, is illustrated in an exhibit on
her role as First Lady.
Viewing a series of television monitors in a darkened corridor, visitors
watch clips of Walter Cronkite announcing to the world the tragic news of
President Kennedy's assassination. Upon leaving this area, visitors enter the
Legacy exhibit where, through books, videotapes, and an interactive computer
system, they can research in some depth a number of the issues raised by John F.
Kennedy's life and administration and learn how the work begun in the early
1960's lives on.
It is hoped that all who use the Kennedy Library will take from it a
deeper appreciation of our system of government and a greater awareness of the
benefits and responsibilities of living in a free society.
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 617.929.4500 617.929.4538 (fax) http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary/index.htm
HOURS
The museum is open daily from 9:00am to 5:00pm. The introductory film is first shown at
9:20am and then runs every 20 minutes until 3:45pm. The museum store is open daily from
9:30am to 4:45pm. The Library and Museum is closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New
Year's Day.
1998 ADMISSION FEES
Adults - $8.00
Seniors (62 and older) - $6.00
Students - $6.00
Youth ages 13 through 17 - $4.00
Children 12 and under - Free
GROUP VISITS AND RATES
Discounts are available for groups of 20 or more people. A group will receive 2 complimentary
admissions for every 10 people in that group (20% discount). In addition, the tour escort and
bus driver are admitted free.
To arrange a group visit call (617)929-4523, or write to:
John F.Kennedy Library
Columbia Point
Boston, MA 02125
Attn: Visitor and Technical Services Division
Please inform us of the date of your visit, time of arrival, and the number in your party. The
Library requires payment in advance or upon entrance.
*The JFK Library can not accept personal checks. However, company checks(for tour groups), Visa,
Discover, American Express, and MasterCard are acceptable. We are unable to provide billing
services.
PARKING
There is ample, convenient, free parking. Special parking facilities are available for buses and
the physically challenged.
SPECIAL NEEDS
Every effort has been made to make the Library and Museum's facilities accessible to the
physically challenged. In addition, the introductory film and video presentations in the
exhibition are readily made closed-captioned for the hearing impaired.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AND SCHOOL VISITS
If you are planning a school visit Monday through Friday during the school year, please call the
Education Department at (617)929-4548 weekdays between 9:00am and 5:00pm. Weekend or
summer school groups, as well as camp or other recreational youth groups, should call Visitor
and Technical Services at (617)929-4523.
RESEARCH
Tours of the archival facilities are not available. If you are interested in research or would like
additional information about the archives, please call (617)929-4534, Monday through Friday,
8:30am to 4:30pm. The Research Room is open some Saturdays by appointment only and is closed
on Sundays and all Federal holidays.
EATING FACILITIES
Food service is available in our small Cafe which provides an assortment of sandwiches, soups,
salads, and beverages. It seats approximately 30 people at one time. No outside food or
beverages are allowed in the building. In warmer weather, visitors are welcome to picnic on the
Library's grounds. The grounds are planted with wild roses and dune grasses, and also afford a
close, enjoyable view of the ocean and the Boston skyline.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
GENERAL INFORMATION
Purpose:
The John F. Kennedy Library is dedicated to the memory of John Fitzgerald
A Presidential Library
Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, and to all those who through the
Administered By
The National Archives
art of politics seek a new and better world. Through its museum, archives, and
And Records
educational programs, the Library fosters greater awareness, appreciation and
Administration
understanding of American politics and history, the process of governing, and
the importance of public service.
Address:
Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
Main Phone:
617-929-4500
Official Name:
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library
Other appropriate name:
John F. Kennedy Library and Museum
Dedication:
October 20, 1979; dedicated by President Jimmy Carter; 36 million people
contributed to the Library's construction.
Administered by:
National Archives and Records Administration
United States Government, Washington D.C.
Supported by:
John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, Boston
Visitors:
Approximately 200,000 visitors and schoolchildren annually to the museum;
2,000 researchers to research rooms; 40,000 participants in community related
events and educational programs.
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 617.929.4500 617.929.4538 (fax) http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary/index.htm
LOCATION, BUILDING, AND SITE
Location:
Columbia Point, overlooking Boston's harbor and skyline, in the Dorchester
section of Boston, where President Kennedy's mother lived as a girl and attended
school. I-93 to exit 14 (northbound) or exit 15(southbound). MBTA to
JFK/UMass station. Free, accessible, daily shuttle bus from MBTA to Library
every 20 minutes
Architect:
I.M. Pei and Partners, New York, NY
Building:
One of Boston's most dramatic architectural statements. 135,000 square foot
library/archive with 9-story white, precast concrete tower building, glass-
enclosed pavilion, and 18,000 square foot museum with two orientation 230-seat
theaters; 20,000 square foot Stephen E. Smith Center(dedicated in 1991)
adjoining Library, used for education programs and conferences. All accessible.
Site:
9.5 acre park landscaped with pine trees, shrubs, and wild roses, reminiscent
of the landscape of Cape Cod familiar to President Kennedy. Site includes
Kennedy's 26' sloop Victura cradled on the lawn and oriented toward the
entrance to Boston Harbor, coincidentally known as President Roads. John T.
Fallon State Pier located adjacent to grounds, used by harbor cruise boats
bringing visitors to the Library.
Accessibility:
New entrance with automatic doors; introductory film captioned; video
presentations captioned; sound enhancement in theaters, for the hearing
impaired; expanded space for wheelchairs in theaters.
HISTORICAL MATERIALS
Papers of President Kennedy:
8,400,000 pages
(4,200 linear feet)
Total Pages in all Manuscript Collections:
34 million
(17,000 linear feet)
Still Photos:
180,000
Audio Tapes:
1,000
Printed Materials:
70,000 volumes
Film/Videotape:
6 million feet
Collections of Personal Papers:
330
Oral History Interviews:
1,800
Total Museum Objects:
15,000
ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS
Museum:
Portrays the life, leadership and legacy of President Kennedy, conveys his
enthusiasm for politics and public service, and illustrates the nature of the office
of the President.
Reference and Research:
Collects and makes available for research a broad range of historical materials
dealing with mid-20th century politics and the life and administration of John F.
Kennedy.
Educational Programs:
Encourage public understanding of and participation in American democracy
through discussion of current and historical issues and events.
Directions for Public Transportation and Automobiles
Greater Boston
Columbia Point
Exit 15
Route
Route 128
-
Harvard
Route I-93
Columbia Rd.
Rotary
Route
Roule 1.95
Day Boulevardievard
Morrissey
JFK/
T
UMass
Route I-90
Park Street
Station
Massachusetts Turnpike
JFK
Library
JFK/UMass
Route 128
Boston
Access Road (To Entrance)
Morrissey Boulevard
Access Road (From Exit)
B. C.High
Globe
School
Ashmont
N
Braintree
Southeas/ Expressive Route
Route 3 1-93
State
U Mass
Archives
MBTA Red Line
Route 128
JFK
Library
Directions for Public Transportation:
MBTA Rapid Transit, Red Line (any train) to JFK/UMass station.
At station take free shuttle bus to Library.
Morrissey Boulevard
Buses run every 20 minutes between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.
Approximate duration of shuttle ride is 10 minutes one way.
Bridge
Directions for automobiles:
N
From the South: Take Route 3/I-93 North (Southeast Expressway).
Take Exit 14 onto Morrissey Boulevard. Turn right at first traffic light
Exit 14
onto University of Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
Buses see reverse side.
From the North: Take Route I-93 South or Route I-95 South to Boston and onto Route 3/1-93 South (Southeast Expressway). Take Exit 15.
At traffic light turn left onto Columbia Rd. Travel to rotary and turn right onto Morrissey Blvd. Bear right onto access road. Travel on access
road to traffic light. Turn left onto University of Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road. Buses see reverse side.
From the West: Take Route I-90 East (Massachusetts Turnpike) to Route 3/I-93 South (Southeast Expressway). Take Exit 15. At traffic light
turn left onto Columbia Rd. Travel to rotary and turn right onto Morrissey Blvd. Bear right onto access road. Travel on access road to traffic
light. Turn left onto University of Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road. Buses see reverse side.
Exiting the JFK Library and Museum:
Follow perimeter road to traffic light. Turn Right onto Morrissey Blvd. Travel to rotary. Take the third right off the rotary onto
Columbia Rd. Straight ahead are ramps to 3/1-93 North and South.
For Information:
Research 617.929.4534, Museum 617.929.4523, Museum Store 617.929.4525, Museum Store Mail Order 617.929.4558,
Education Programs 617.929.4554, Events and Functions 617.929.4552, Volunteering 617.929.1206, Memberships 617.436.9986
Mailing Address: John F. Kennedy Library, Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Directions For Buses
Greater Boston
Columbia Point
Exit 15
From North
Route
Columbia Rd.
Rotary
Route 128
1
Harvard
Route I-93
Route
:Day Morrissey
Exit 15
JFK/
T
UMass
From South
Station
Route I-90
Park Street
Massachusetts Turnpike
JFK
Library
JFK/UMass
Boston
Roure 128
Globe
Access Road (To Entrance)
Morrissey Boulevard
Access Road (From Exit)
B. High
School
Ashmont
N
State
Braintree
Southeast Route 3 Expresswoy
Route 3 1-93
U Mass
Archives
MBTA Red Line
Route 128
JFK
Library
Directions for Buses:
Morrissey Boulevard
From the South: Take Route 3/1-93 North (Southeast Expressway).
Buses are restricted from using Exit 14, therefore take Exit 15. At traffic
Bridge
light turn right onto Columbia Rd. Travel to rotary and take second
right off rotary. Follow bus route signs to traffic light. Turn right onto
N
Morrissey Blvd. and continue under bridge. Bear left onto access road.
Follow access road to traffic light. Turn left onto University of
Exit 14
Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
From the North: Take Route I-93 South or Route I-95 South to Boston
and onto Route 3/I-93 South (Southeast Expressway). Take Exit 15.
Turn left at traffic light onto Columbia Rd. Travel to rotary and take
second right off rotary. Follow bus route signs to traffic light. Turn right
onto Morrissey Blvd. and continue under bridge. Bear left onto access
road. Follow access road to traffic light. Turn left onto University of
Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
From the West: Take Route I-90 East (Massachusetts Turnpike) to
Exiting the JFK Library and Museum:
Route 3/1-93 South (Southeast Expressway). Take Exit 15. Turn left at
traffic light onto Columbia Rd. Travel to rotary and take second right
Follow perimeter road to traffic light. Turn right and immediately
off rotary. Follow bus route signs to traffic light. Turn right onto
bear right onto access road. Follow access road to traffic light.
Morrissey Blvd. and continue under bridge. Bear left onto access road.
Turn left onto Morrissey Blvd. and continue under bridge.
Follow access road to traffic light. Turn left onto University of
Bear right after bridge looping up onto rotary. Take first right off
Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
rotary. Straight ahead are ramps to Route 3/1-93 North and South.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
NOTEWORTHY QUOTATIONS
OF JOHN F. KENNEDY
"We celebrate the past to awaken the future."
Address, FDR memorial program on the 25th anniversary of signing of the Social
Security Act, Hyde Park, NY-August 14, 1960
A Presidential Library
"For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those
Administered By
who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future."
The National Archives
And Records
Paulskirche Assembly Hall, Frankfurt, Germany-June 25, 1963
Administration
"We love our country, not for what it was, though it has always been great...not
for what it is, though of this we are deeply proud.. but for what it someday can,
and, through the effort of us all, someday will be.
Address to the National Industrial Conference Board-1961
"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your
country."
Inaugural Address-1961
"We can help make the world safe for diversity. For, in the final analysis, our
most basic common link is that we all inhabit this same planet. We all breathe
the same air. We all cherish our children's future. And we are all mortal."
Commencement Address at American University-1963
"If more politicians knew poetry, and more poets knew politics, I am convinced
the world would be a little better place in which to live."
Address at Harvard University-1956
"Control of arms is a mission that we undertake particularly for our children and
our grandchildren they have no lobby in Washington."
Statement on securing world peace-1963
"This nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds. It was
founded on the principle that all men are created equal, and that the rights of
every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened."
Televised Civil Rights Address to the nation-June 11, 1963
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 617.929.4500 617.929.4538 (fax) http://www.csumb.edu/ifklibrary/index.htm
The John F. Kennedy Library
Frank Rigg*
Housed since 1979 in a landmark I.M. Pei building, the Kennedy Library is noted
for the large number of researchers it serves, its new museum, and its educational
programs which encourage thoughtful citizen participation in the democratic
process. The Library preserves and makes available important collections related
to the life of John Kennedy and mid-20th-century American politics and
government; it contains 32 million pages of documents, 180,000 photographs, 7
million feet of film, and over 15,000 museum objects, and also includes the papers
of Ernest Hemingway. The Library is administered by the National Archives and
Records Administration. A public-private partnership with the John F. Kennedy
Library Foundation provides private funds to support many programs.
The John F. Kennedy Library was dedicated on October 20, 1979. Bright autumn
sunshine, a brisk onshore breeze, and fanfare from the Boston Symphony Orchestra
greeted an audience of 10,000 invited guests and many more spectators in boats
crowding the waters of nearby Dorchester Bay. President Kennedy's wife, Jacqueline,
and children, Caroline and John, Jr., watched as Senator Edward M. Kennedy,
representing the Kennedy family and the John F. Kennedy Library Corporation,
builders of the facility, presented the Library to the people and government of the United
States, represented by President Jimmy Carter. Thirty million people had contributed
to the Library's construction fund, a measure of the sense of loss experienced around
the world following President Kennedy's death and the universal desire to commemorate
his life. The sixth presidential library operated by the National Archives thus was
permanently established at Columbia Point in Boston.
The intersecting geometric forms of the building, designed by I.M. Pei, and its smooth
surfaces of concrete and glass compose one of Boston's most dramatic architectural
statements. Located in the Dorchester section of the city, where the president's mother
*
Direct all correspondence to: Frank Rigg, Acting Museum Curator, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library,
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125.
Government Information Quarterly, Volume 12, Number 1, pages 71-81.
ISSN: 0740-624X.
72
GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY Vol. 12/No. 1/1995
Above: The main entrance to the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston. The Library com-
mands sweeping views of Boston's skyline and harbor out to the Atlantic Ocean.
Below: The Library's main research room. Over 700 researchers visit each year,
and thousands more enquiries are answered by mail or phone.
The John F. Kennedy Library
73
lived as a child and attended school, the Library commands sweeping views of Boston's
skyline, its broad harbor, the offshore islands, and the Atlantic Ocean. These vistas
are a reminder that throughout his life, Kennedy drew inspiration from the sea.
The 135,000-square-foot complex includes a nine-story, white precast-concrete tower,
125 feet high, which is contiguous to a glass-enclosed pavilion. The upper floors of
the tower contain office, research, and document storage facilities. The lower floors
house two elliptical-shaped 230-seat theaters and an 18,000-square-foot exhibition area.
A recent addition, the Stephen E. Smith Center, also designed by I.M. Pei, was dedicated
in 1991 and contains spaces for lectures, conferences, and meetings as well as more
archival storage.
The facility is on 9.5 acres of the 280-acre Columbia Point peninsula, adjacent to
the University of Massachusetts and Massachusetts State Archives, four miles southeast
of downtown Boston. The John T. Fallon State Pier adjoining the Library's property
renders the complex accessible by boat.
The Library's grounds comprise lawns along the water's edge, deep beds of wild roses,
slopes of dune grass, and groves of pine trees, all reflecting the landscape of Cape Cod,
where John Kennedy spent his summers. His 26-foot sloop, Victura, is displayed on
one of these lawns, facing the entrance to Boston Harbor, a waterway coincidentally
known as President Roads. From this channel on immigrant ships from Ireland, JFK's
greatgrandparents first glimpsed the city in which the Kennedy family's political
tradition would flourish.
In this setting, the Library seeks to promote appreciation of the values and themes
about which John Kennedy cared most deeply, which best illuminate his life, and which
provide continuing significance to the lives of individuals and to the life of the nation.
These include the importance of historical scholarship in framing choices for the nation;
the encouragement of service to community and country; and the potential for each
individual to advance the public interest through participation in our democratic
political process. The Library is dedicated both to the memory of John Fitzgerald
Kennedy, 35th president of the United States, and to all those who through the art
of politics seek a new and better world.
ARCHIVES
The Library's research facilities are among the busiest of the presidential libraries,
accommodating 700 researchers each year with an additional 1,600 users served by mail.
In the process, the Library answers nearly 10,000 written and oral inquiries and provides
150,000 pages of photocopies of documents to researchers.
The Library tries to provide young people with a better understanding of the study
of history and the formation of public policy by encouraging undergraduate students
from the region's many colleges, and local high school classes, to work with the Library's
primary sources. This openness is part of the Library's commitment to serve all
interested citizens and not just scholars, and reflects President Kennedy's conviction
that history should be a living presence in the life of community and nation.
To foster new scholarship on the life and times of John F. Kennedy, the John F.
Kennedy Library Foundation provides financial assistance for researchers using the
Library's collections, through the Marjorie M. Kovler, Abba P. Schwartz, Arthur M.
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GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY Vol. 12/No. 1/1995
Schlesinger, Jr., Theodore C. Sorensen, and the Daly Fellowships and through numer-
ous smaller stipends.
Papers
The papers of John F. Kennedy comprise one-third of the 32 million pages of
documents housed in the Library and total 4,164 linear feet. They are divided into
personal papers, pre-presidential papers, and presidential papers. The collection
contains more than 35,000 catalogued volumes.
The Personal Papers of John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) include academic records
donated by Harvard University, correspondence, manuscripts for Kennedy's books,
Why England Slept and Profiles in Courage, and several folders of notes.
The Pre-Presidential Papers (1947-1960) are the office files of John F. Kennedy's
14-year career as congressman and senator, reflecting his major interests and activities
during that period. They contain correspondence, speech, subject, legislative, and
campaign files as well as material from the 1960 presidential transition period.
The Presidential Papers (1960-1963) total 3,476 feet of material and contain three
major subcollections. The President's Office Files are the working files of President
Kennedy as kept by his personal secretary. Included are correspondence, speech, press
conference, legislative, staff memoranda, subject, and countries files as well as
presidential recordings.
The National Security Files are the working papers of McGeorge Bundy, special
assistant to the president for national security affairs. Portions are closed because of
national security classification. Much material is available, however, making this a
critical resource for understanding U.S. foreign relations during the 1960s. These files
include embassy cablegrams, intelligence memoranda and analyses, records of National
Security Council meetings, National Security Action Memoranda, and an extensive
countries file.
The Presidential Papers also include the files of members of the president's staff.
Among them are the papers of Lawrence O'Brien (special assistant for congressional
relations), Pierre Salinger (press secretary), Myer Feldman (deputy special counsel),
Lee White (assistant special counsel), and Harris Wofford (special assistant).
Other collections of personal papers of note are those of John Kenneth Galbraith
(economist and U.S. ambassador to India), Walter Heller (chairman of the Council
of Economic Advisors), Robert F. Kennedy (U.S. attorney general and U.S. senator
from New York), Burke Marshall (assistant attorney general for civil rights), Arthur
M. Schlesinger, Jr. (author, historian, and special assistant to the president), and
Theodore Sorensen (special counsel to the president). The newly established Peace
Corps collection brings together diaries, letters, photographs, and other memorabilia
documenting the experience of Peace Corps volunteers in the field.
To supplement these documentary resources, the Kennedy Library maintains a
collection of more than 1,100 oral history interviews. Begun in 1964 with a grant from
the Carnegie Corporation, the oral history program is one of the oldest continuing
activities of the Kennedy Library. Its goal is to collect, preserve, and make available
interviews conducted with individuals who have recollections of events and people
associated with John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy. Some of those interviewed
The John F. Kennedy Library
75
were prominent public figures, whereas others were relatively obscure private
individuals who played limited or specialized roles in the history of the times. The
collection includes interviews with members of Congress, administration officials,
national and state political leaders, business and labor leaders, journalists, civil rights
leaders, foreign government officials, and people who opposed Kennedy administration
policies.
Hemingway Collection
A lesser-known feature of the Kennedy Library's archival resources, but one well
used by researchers, is the Ernest Hemingway Collection donated by Hemingway's wife,
Mary; his sons, Jack and Patrick; and other members of the Hemingway family. The
collection contains most of Hemingway's manuscripts, making the Library the world's
principal center for research on the life and work of this author. In addition to
manuscripts, the collection includes correspondence, over 10,000 photographs, and
books from Hemingway's personal library.
AUDIOVISUAL COLLECTIONS
Important collections of nontextual materials also document the lives and careers of
President Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and mid-20th-century American politics.
Still Photographs
The still photograph collections comprise more than 180,000 images. Photographs
taken by White House staff portray the president's activities, official trips and meetings,
and leisure time with his family. Other major collections are photographs of Robert F.
Kennedy (1925-1968); Rose Kennedy's collection of photographs of the Kennedy and
Fitzgerald families (1878-1978); and photographs of Ernest Hemingway (1899-1960).
Gifts from individuals, government agencies, and private organizations have
expanded the collections and include: Burton Berinsky-photographs of JFK, 1960,
and RFK, 1964 and 1968; Frank Teti/Melody Miller-photographs of the younger
generation of Kennedys, 1968-1982; and selected photos from Look magazine, The New
York Times, U.S. Army, and others.
Motion Picture Film
The motion picture collections measure 7 million feet of film. Major donations were
made to the Library after President Kennedy's death by U.S. government agencies, CBS-
TV, and NBC-TV. A collection of special interest, assembled by Victoria Schuck,
provides further insight into American political life, containing films and sound
recordings of political campaign speeches, rallies, and political commercials
commissioned by various candidates from 1944 to 1968.
Sound Recordings
Researchers may listen to over 5,000 hours of sound recordings. The most important
are President Kennedy's public speeches and press conferences, recorded by the White
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GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY Vol. 12/No. 1/1995
House Communications Agency, and recordings of meetings made secretly by the
president in 1962 and 1963. The significance of these materials for the study of
presidential leadership was highlighted by the recent release of recorded deliberations
of the Executive Committee of the National Security Council during the Cuban Missile
Crisis.
Many recordings of President Kennedy, some as early as 1940, predate his
administration. Remarks and speeches of Robert F. Kennedy (1960-1968) and Edward
M. Kennedy (1962-1976); recordings of other Kennedy family members, (1940-1960);
recordings of Eleanor Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, and Presidents Eisenhower,
Johnson, and Nixon; and many recordings of interviews of JFK and RFK associates
(1964-1988) are also available.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
The John F. Kennedy Library has always aspired to be a lively educational center and
resource. It preserves the record of the past but is also involved with the present and
concerned about the future. Although the laws governing presidential libraries
emphasize their "archival depository" role, the mission of "searching for the truth"
involves the libraries in the education of citizens through museum exhibits, conferences,
seminars, forums, and other teaching activities.
Inspired by John Kennedy's faith in the ability of individuals to effect positive change,
and by his admiration of courageous leadership, the Library's programs in American
history and contemporary politics promote responsible, thoughtful citizenship.
Initial plans for the Library, formulated in the months following the death of
President Kennedy, called for two departments: archives and museum. Another
component-an "Institute of Politics"-was to bring together scholars, politicians,
government officials, citizens, and students to pursue an understanding of and
improvements in public policy formation. Endowed by the Kennedy Library
Corporation, it would be part of Harvard's newly established Kennedy School of
Government. The Library and Institute were to be housed in a complex of buildings
on the Harvard campus in Cambridge. However, after much debate and 10 years in
temporary quarters in Waltham, Massachusetts, the Library was built not at Harvard
but on Columbia Point in Boston, adjacent to the University of Massachusetts at
Boston, with no formal connection to any university.
An education department was then created, responsible for programs to complement
and expand upon the basic work of the archives and museum. Since 1979, the scope
and number of its educational programs have been hallmarks of the Kennedy Library:
some speak to elementary, high school, or college students; some are challenging to
scholars; and most are appropriate for general audiences of curious, well-informed men
and women. Whereas the museum and most archival research focus on the life and
presidency of John Kennedy, topics for educational programs are often more diverse,
covering historical and contemporary public affairs on the local, regional, national, and
world scenes.
An array of early evening and Sunday afternoon forums and lectures for audiences
of up to 700 features leading historians, commentators, and practitioners of the art
of politics and government. The Library provides the setting for discussion, avoiding
The John F. Kennedy Library
77
A visiting class in the Pavilion. The scope and number of its educational programs
are a hallmark of the Kennedy Library.
a partisan role for itself but encouraging the open, forthright, and articulate expression
of views from all points of the spectrum.
Elderhostel seminars, usually on the topic of "Presidents, Politics and Recent
American History," bring retired persons to the Library from all parts of the United
States and Canada. "History in the First Person" commemorates the 30th anniversary
of the Kennedy administration by bringing to the Library men and women prominent
in American political life in the early 1960s to share their experiences and thoughts
on the principal issues faced by the nation in recent decades. Guests have included Ben
Bradlee, McGeorge Bundy, Douglas Dillon, James Farmer, Betty Friedan, John
Kenneth Galbraith, Roswell Gilpatric, Louis Harris, August Heckscher, Dorothy
Height, Nicholas Katzenbach, Henry Kissinger, Mary McGrory, Esther Peterson,
George Reedy, Pierre Salinger, Arthur Schlesinger, and Tom Wicker.
The theme of encouraging young people to understand and become involved in public
affairs findsexpression in the "Paul A. Dever Program for Education in Politics, marned
in honor of the former attorney general and governor (1949-1953) of Massachusetts.
Included are campaign debates, discussions on national and state elections, workshops
for teachers and students, a political discussion group for young adults, and an annual
award to an elected official under age 35.
The Library places major emphasis on encouraging better teaching of politics and
government through its "Programs for Elementary and Middle School Students and
Teachers." They encompass class visits to the Library's museum-"The Quest into
History Program"-student workshops and conferences, and workshops for teachers
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GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY Vol. 12/No. 1/1995
on teaching American history and politics. All follow the Library's mission of helping
students experience the excitement of learning about American history, politics, and
government.
"The American History Program for High School Students and Teachers" helps
students understand the process of research and the historical background of current
public problems by involving them in discussions using documents from archival
collections. The program also includes summer institutes for high school students and
for teachers, an essay competition, assistance for students undertaking research projects,
and conferences and seminars.
About 75 Boston middle and high school students participate in the Kennedy Library
Corps, a community youth service program. Espousing the motto "One person can
make a difference, and everyone should try," these students volunteer their time after
school to work in the city's nursing homes, day care centers, and food banks and on
neighborhood clean-up projects. The program is noteworthy because it includes younger
students, emphasizes the development of leadership skills, and is associated with a major
educational institution.
Finally, a variety of educational projects revolve around the Ernest Hemingway
Collection, ranging from secondary and college teachers' use of the papers in teaching
writing, literature, and history to lectures and conferences on the life and work of
Hemingway.
JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY FOUNDATION
The John F. Kennedy Library Foundation is a nonprofit organization established in
1984 to support and advance the mission of the Library itself. Through its Board of
Directors, committees, and staff, the Foundation assists the Library in the planning
and establishment of its long-term strategic goals and objectives and provides the
Library with financial and creative resources to enrich its educational programs, expand
its research and archival capacity, undertake public information projects and volunteer
programs, and enhance its museum and exhibits.
By sponsoring programs such as the Profile in Courage Award, the Distinguished
Foreign. Visitors Series, History in the First Person, and the JFK Library Corps, the
Foundation is united with the Library in a common mission to perpetuate President
Kennedy's own ideal-that political and public service be conducted and exemplified
as an honorable and patriotic profession. The relationship between Library and
Foundation illustrates the benefits to society and the American taxpayer that accrue
from such public/private partnerships.
The Foundation created the Profile in Courage Award to recognize and promote
the quality of political courage that President Kennedy valued. The award is presented
annually on or around May 29th, the anniversary of President Kennedy's birthday,
to a current or former elected official whose actions best demonstrate the political
courage President Kennedy described in his Pulitzer Prize-winning book Profiles in
Courage. The award consists of a $25,000 monetary prize and a silver lantern modeled
after lanterns found on 19th-century sailing vessels.
Carl Elliott, former congressman from Alabama, received the first award in 1990
for his principled quest, despite widespread and hostile opposition in his home state,
The John F. Kennedy Library
79
to pass the National Defense Education Act of 1958, making a college education
accessible to all, regardless of race or economic status. Subsequent winners have been
Charles Weltner, former congressman from Georgia; Lowell Weicker, governor of
Connecticut; Jim Florio, governor of New Jersey; and Henry Gonzalez, congressman
from Texas and chairman of the House Banking Committee. To enhance the scope
of the award and in hopes of fostering appreciation of leadership and integrity in elected
officials, an essay contest, scheduled to begin in 1995, will invite high school students
to explore the meaning of political courage.
The Foundation provides staff and financial support for important ceremonial
occasions ranging from visits by heads of state and world leaders, for which Senator
Edward M. Kennedy is the host, to the celebration of significant anniversaries of events
such as the founding of the Peace Corps or the ratification of the Limited Nuclear Test
Ban Treaty.
Distinguished visitors in recent years include: Nelson Mandela, leader of the struggle
against apartheid, now president of the Union of South Africa; Corazon Aquino,
president of the Republic of the Phillipines; Benazir Bhutto, prime minister of Pakistan;
Manuel Soares, president of Portugal; Fang Lizhi, Chinese astrophysicist and dissident;
Eduard Shevardnadze, foreign minister of the former Soviet Union; Mary Robinson,
president of the Republic of Ireland; Mikhail Gorbachev, president of the former Soviet
Union; Brian Mulroney, prime minister of Canada; and Albert Reynolds and Charles
Haughey, prime ministers of the Republic of Ireland.
To generate support for these and other programs, the Foundation has developed
a major gifts program focusing on individual, corporate, and foundation giving; a
museum membership program; special fundraising events; named research fellowships;
corporate partnerships; and a membership program for public libraries.
THE MUSEUM AT THE KENNEDY LIBRARY
On October 29, 1993, the Kennedy Library opened its new museum, replacing the
original 18,000-square-foot exhibit installed in 1979. President Clinton joined members
of the Kennedy family, Library staff, and invited guests in the dedication ceremony.
The new museum is designed to convey John Kennedy's enthusiasm for the American
system of politics and government and to help visitors better understand our nation's
recent history. Aware of the growing number of visitors with no recollection of the
Kennedy administration and aiming to engage their interest in history, the Library has
embarked on a new approach to presidential library museum design that is less
dependent on visitor memories.
Visitors to the museum now learn about the career of John F. Kennedy, the challenges
he faced, the decisions he made, and his commitment to public life as he speaks for
himself on film, video, and sound recordings from the Library's audiovisual collections.
Visitors encounter a first-hand, "you are there" experience of President Kennedy's life,
leadership, and legacy and are exposed directly to the Library's historical resources.
Following a chronological path, 21 exhibits, including 21 video presentations, detail
the sights and sounds of President Kennedy's lifetime and presidency.
A gallery of Kennedy family photographs and a 17-minute introductory film cover
Kennedy's life up to his nomination for the presidency by the Democratic Party in Los
80
GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY Vol. 12/No. 1/1995
President Clinton joined members of the Kennedy family and other guests at the
dedication ceremony for the Library's new museum in October 1993.
Angeles in 1960. Visitors then pass through a space evoking the sights and sounds of
the convention, leading to the Campaign Trail exhibit. As they walk along a stylized
1960s "Main Street," they encounter the salient moments of the 1960 presidential
election campaign. Shop windows with 1960s products and a recreated Kennedy
storefront campaign headquarters provide period ambience, while a re-creation of the
studio in which the first televised presidential debate took place provides context for
visitors to view the debate. Video footage of Nixon and Kennedy on the stump and
CBS and NBC coverage of election night also convey the closely fought nature of the
campaign.
At this exhibit's conclusion, visitors watch the inauguration of the 35th president
in an open theater and see John F. Kennedy deliver his challenging inaugural address.
Having, "attended" the inauguration, visitors follow John F. Kennedy into the White
House. All exhibits on the Kennedy presidency are in spaces that reflect the decoration
of the presidential mansion.
Here, visitors are introduced to the Kennedy administration team, the principal issues
and events faced by Kennedy, and hallmark Kennedy initiatives such as the Peace Corps,
the manned space program, and the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Both the International and
Domestic Affairs exhibits extensively feature materials from President Kennedy's televised
press conferences. The work of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy is documented in
a room suggesting his Justice Department office, with video and exhibits portraying the
administration's work in the areas of civil rights, organized crime, and poverty law.
The John F. Kennedy Library
81
Two exhibits provide a special focus on the principal events of the Kennedy
presidency. In a 70-seat theater, visitors witness the Cuban Missile Crisis through the
period footage of a 20-minute film showing the president, other government leaders,
news commentators, and ordinary citizens dealing with the tense events of October,
1962. A re-created Oval Office, arranged for JFK's June 1963 television address on
civil rights, is the setting for a video presentation on the struggle against segregation
in the early 1960s. Jacqueline Kennedy's work to advance appreciation of the arts and
encourage preservation of America's heritage, including the White House, is illustrated
in an exhibit on her role as First Lady.
An exhibit on JFK's family heritage helps visitors trace the development of three
generations of the president's family from their roots in Ireland and understand the
commitment to public service handed down from generation to generation of the
Kennedy family.
Visitors leave "The White House" and enter a dark corridor where they see how
Americans learned of the assassination of President Kennedy through Walter Cronkite's
announcement of the tragic news, and how the nation and world mourned his passing
through the video scenes of President Kennedy's funeral as watched by millions around
the world.
The museum culminates in a space resembling a research room where visitors may
learn about President Kennedy's continuing influence by browsing through books,
photograph albums, videotapes, and historical objects in drawers and exhibit cases.
An interactive computer exhibit allows visitors to explore an archive of articles, essays,
legislation, and speeches. A large section of the Berlin Wall recalls President Kennedy's
famous words, "Ich bin ein Berliner," and symbolizes the peaceful ending he sought
to the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the West. The exhibit also shows
Kennedy's influence in inspiring many young persons to participate in politics and public
service as one such individual, President William J. Clinton, recounts on videotape how
he, as a boy, met President Kennedy at the White House.
Upon leaving the exhibition, visitors enter a 110-foot-high glass pavilion containing
a 45-foot by 26-foot United States flag hanging from the ceiling. On display is a replica
of the Profile in Courage Award. Here visitors may enjoy the panorama of ocean, city,
and sky, while reflecting on what they have seen and heard. On one wall is a quotation
from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address:
All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days, nor will it be finished
in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.
But let us begin.
It is hoped that all who use the Kennedy Library will take from it a deeper appreciation
of our system of government and a greater awareness of the benefits and responsibilities
of living in a free society.
THE JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY NEWSLETTER
A Publication of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
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Foundation honored His All
which has earned him the title of
diminished when the rights of
Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch
"Green Patriarch" in Europe.
one man are threatened.
Bartholomew of the Orthodox
In welcoming His All Holiness
Church at a Distinguished Foreign
to the Library, John J. Cullinane,
John F. Kennedy
Visitors Program dinner at the
founder of the Distinguished
Address to the Nation
Library on October 28.
Foreign Visitors Program, stated:
June 11, 1963
The Foundation recognized the
"As spiritual leader of 300 million
Ecumenical Patriarch for his highly
Orthodox Christians worldwide, the
active role in advancing global con-
Ecumenical Patriarch has traveled to
flict resolution and his courageous
the most troubled areas of the post-
leadership for peace in the Balkans,
Cold War world. The international
ethnic and religious - that bring with
Eastern Europe, the Middle East and
dialogue and communication he
them the accompanying dangers and
the eastern Mediterranean where he
advocates are vital in a world whose
evils of intolerance, hatred and
WINTER
has worked to promote reconcilia-
countries are becoming increasingly
human rights violations.
1998
tion among the Catholic, Jewish,
interdependent. They are also criti-
"It is particularly fitting that the
Muslim and Orthodox communities.
cal in a world which is at the same
Ecumenical Patriarch's visit to the
Also acknowledged was His All
time experiencing a resurgence of
Library is part of our Distinguished
Holiness' commitment to protecting
nationalistic movements - political,
Foreign Visitors Program. His life
and work exemplify the three princi-
ples which the program values and
honors - international cooperation,
understanding and dialogue."
In his remarks, His All Holiness
called President Kennedy a symbol
of freedom whose leadership
inspired future generations to work
for peace and reach for the stars.
He stated: "I represent the
Ecumenical Patriarchate which is an
age-old institution, serving the same
ideals [as President Kennedy] and
working throughout the centuries to
protect the dignity of the human
person and guarantee peace, hope
and unity around the world."
Three hundred guests, represent-
ing New England's Greek, Greek-
American and Orthodox communi-
ties, attended the black-tie dinner,
hosted by John and Diddy Cullinane
and Courtney Kennedy Hill on
behalf of the Foundation's Board of
Directors. Funding was provided by
His All Holiness presents a book on the Ecumenical Patriarchate, in Greek and
the Host Committee for the
English, to John and Diddy Cullinane, who accepted it on behalf of the Library.
Looking on, from left to right in the background, are Archbishop Spyridon of
Ecumenical Patriarch's three-day visit
America and Metropolitan loakim of Chalcedon.
continued on page 6
The Library and Foundation are now accessible on the World Wide Web. Our address is:
http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary/index.htm
1
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
For a thousand days in
re-created world of the
House and as she earns the respect and affection
the early 1960s, America
Kennedy Presidency.
of citizens worldwide in her travels abroad.
became new and fresh.
Accompany candidate
Vivid settings.
Captivated by the
Kennedy as he wins the
Three theaters.
optimism and energy of its
1960 Democratic nomina-
Twenty video
youthful leader, a generation
tion and takes his case to
presentations. The
of Americans envisioned
the American people
Museum at the John
limitless possibilities in an
along the campaign trail.
F. Kennedy Library
uncertain world. It was a thousand days of new
Witness the first televised
offers you the chance
beginnings, a thousand days of promise. It was
presidential debate from behind the studio camera.
to experience the stirring legacy of President
the thousand days of President John F. Kennedy.
Walk through the White House corridors,
Kennedy's thousand days, and come away
Now, the inspiration of those momentous
the office of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy,
inspired by his vision that one person can
days continues at the John
make a difference and every
F. Kennedy Library and
person should try.
Museum. Youthful idealism
Visit us in our striking
tempered by the reality of
building designed by the
the Cold War. National
internationally-acclaimed
pride inspired by a
architect I.M. Pei. Enjoy
President's vision, humor,
breathtaking views of
strength and grace.
Boston's skyline and Harbor
The Museum at
Islands from our nine-acre
the Kennedy
and the Oval Office as President Kennedy relates
park overlooking Boston's waterfront. For more
Library captures
in his own words how he and the American
information on the John F. Kennedy Library
the powerful
people experienced the complex, dangerous
and Museum call 617.929.4500.
story of the Kennedy
challenges of the Nuclear Age, the courageous
years, giving visitors of all ages an uplifting,
and noble struggle for civil rights, the tense 13
"first-hand" experience of President Kennedy's
days of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the thrill of
life, leadership and legacy.
space exploration and the hope and pride
In 25 dramatic exhibits drawing on rare film
inspired by the Peace Corps volunteers.
and television footage, historic Presidential
Enjoy the touches of grace and culture
documents, personal family keepsakes and
First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy
treasures from the
brought to the Executive Mansion.
White House, you
Accompany her as she instills national
"We celebrate the past to awaken the future."
step back into the
pride with her televised tour of the White
John F. Kennedy, August 14, 1960
John F. Kennedy Library
Route 2
JOHN F. KENNEDY
and Museum
Route 128
Harvard
Route I-93
Route
Columbia Point,
Roule!:95
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Boston, MA 02125
Hours 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Route I-90
Park Street
Closed Thanksgiving,
Christmas and New Year's Day
Massachusetts Turnpike
JFK
Fees and Services
Library
Admission is charged.
JFK/UMass
Discounts are provided for
Roule 128
Ashmont
seniors, students and children
between the ages of 6 and 15.
N
Children under 6
Braintree
are admitted free.
Route 128
Southeast Expressway Route
MBTA Red Line
Parking at the Library is free.
The Museum Cafe serves
The Kennedy Library is located on Columbia Point in Boston,
light lunches and snacks.
close to Route I-93 and adjacent to the University of Massachusetts
Boston Campus.
The Museum Store is open
daily during museum hours.
Directions for Public Transportation:
MBTA Rapid Transit, Red Line (any train) to JFK/UMass station.
For group tour information,
call visitor services at
At station take free shuttle bus to Library. Buses run every 20 minutes
617.929.4523
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Approximate duration of shuttle ride is
10 minutes one way. The Library is a 10 minute cab ride from
Members are admitted free.
Downtown Boston.
Join at the time of your visit
and receive full membership
Directions for automobiles:
benefits. For membership
From the South: Take Route 3/1-93 North (Southeast Expressway).
information call 617.436.9986
Take Exit 14 onto Morrissey Boulevard. Turn right at first traffic light
onto University of Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
The museum is
&
Buses are restricted from using Exit 14. Buses must take Exit 15.
fully handicapped
From the North: Take Route I-93 South or Route I-95 South to
accessible and
wheelchairs are available from
Boston and onto Route 3/1-93 South (Southeast Expressway).
the Library's Information Desk.
Take Exit 15. At traffic light turn left onto Columbia Road. Travel
Video presentations are
to rotary and turn right onto Morrissey Blvd. Bear right onto access
captioned for people who are
road. Travel on access road to traffic light. Turn left onto University
deaf or hearing impaired.
of Massachusetts and JFK Library perimeter road.
ASL interpretation available
From the West: Take Route I-90 East (Massachusetts Tumpike) to
with advance notice.
Route 3/1-93 South (Southeast Expressway). Take Exit 15. At traffic
TDD Line: 617.929.1221
light turn left onto Columbia Road. Travel to rotary and turn right
onto Morrissey Blvd. Bear right onto access road. Travel on access
Information
road to traffic light. Turn left onto University of Massachusetts and
For general information:
JFK Library perimeter road.
Call 617.929.4500
Web Site:
http://www.cs.umb.edu/
JOHN F. KENNEDY
jfklibrary/ museum.htm
The John F. Kennedy Library Presidential Library administered;by
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
the National Archives and Records Administration
Join
Support
Kennedy's vision and legacy.
community programs that celebrate President
service through educational, research and
the Library promote learning, discovery, and
The John F. Kennedy Library is the nation's
HONORING PUBLIC SERVICE.
Membership support helps
and leadership.
expression of his ideas
States and is a continuing
President of the United
memorial to the 35th
PROCESS, NURTURING DEMOCRACY AND
THE GENIUS OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL
EXTRAORDINARY LEGACY, EXPLORING
BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF AN
OUR GOAL IS TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE
THE JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY FOUNDATION
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IF MAILED
IN THE
UNITED STATES
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
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JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
MEMBERSHIP
Membership Application
Finar
John
Libra
I/We would like to join the John F. Kennedy Library and
is a in
Museum in the following category:
partn
Individual $25
the P
more
Family $40
from
Contributor $100
the L
Benefactor $250
throu
Membership Benefits
throu
Leadership Circle $500
admi
Official Membership Card
President's Circle $1000
facili
Free admission to the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum
gener
and
Free admission to all other presidential libraries
Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss (please circle)
mone
15% discount at the Museum Store and on mail order sales
NAME
One year subscription to the John F. Kennedy Library Newsletter
Notification of public programs
STREET
Invitation to Members' events
AFTER COMPLETING APPLICATION, DETACH AT PERFORATION, MOISTEN, FOLD OVER AND SEAL
CITY / STATE / ZIP CODE
COUNTRY
DAYTIME PHONE
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Charge my:
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CARD NUMBER
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All Family benefits, plus Boxed note card collection
(photos from the Kennedy Library Archives)
Contributor
Employer's matching gift form enclosed
Please contact me/us about volunteering
All Contributor benefits, plus Parker pen
Please send a gift membership to:
(replica of 1960's White House souvenir)
Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss (please circle)
Benefactor
NAME
All Benefactor benefits, plus Invitation to the
STREET
Profiles in Courage Award Ceremony
Leadership Circle
CITY / STATE / ZIP CODE
COUNTRY
DAYTIME PHONE
EVENING PHONE
All Leadership Circle benefits, plus Profiles in Courage,
by John F. Kennedy (limited hardcover edition
commemorating 40th anniversary of winning the
MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY
Pulitzer
Please call 617/436-9986 for more information about membership
or additional gift opportunities.
Route
I-93
Route
Route 128
I-95
TheNewMuseur
Harvard
Logan
Airport
TheJohn F. Kennedy Libra
Massachusetts Turnpike
Park Street
Route I-90
JFK/UMass
Kennedy
Library
Ashmont
Southeast
0
I
2
Expressway
Braintree
Route 3/1-93
Miles
Red Line
Downtown
Route 128
Boston
Location
Hours
The Kennedy Library is
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
located on Columbia Point
Closed Thanksgiving,
in Boston, close to I-93.
Christmas and
Directions
New Year's Day
From the south: Rte. 3/1-93
Fees and Services
(S.E. Expressway) to
Admission is charged.
Dorchester. Take Exit 14 to
Parking at the Library
Morrissey Boulevard. Follow
is free.
signs to University of Mass-
The Museum Cafe serves
achusetts and JFK Library.
light lunches and snacks.
Buses take Exit 15, turn right
Museum Store open daily
off ramp and follow signs.
during museum hours.
From the north: Rte. I-93 or
For group tour information,
Rte. I-95 south to Boston and
call visitor services at
onto S.E. Expressway (Rte.
617-929-4523.
3/1-93). Take Exit 15, follow
signs to University of
Members are admitted free.
Massachusetts and JFK
Join at the time of your visit
Library.
and receive full membership
benefits. For membership
From the west: Massachusetts
information call 617-436-9986.
Turnpike (Rte. I-90) to
"Expressway South" (Rte. 3/
&
The museum is accessible.
I-93), southbound to Exit 15.
Wheelchairs are available
follow signs to University of
from the Library's Information
Massachusetts and JFK
Desk. Video presentations are
Library.
captioned for people who are
deaf or hard of hearing. ASL
Public Transportation:
interpretation available with
MBTA Rapid Transit,
advance notice. TDD Line:
Red Line (any train) to
617-929-4574.
JFK/UMass Station. At station
take free shuttle bus to Library.
Information
Buses run every 20 minutes
For general information,
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.
call 617-929-4523.
The John F. Kennedy Library is a Presidential Library administered
by the National Archives and Records Administration.
The New Museum
© The Mark Shaw Collection/Photo Researchers
At The John F. Kennedy Library
The John F. Kennedy Library, Columbia Point, Boston, MA 02125
or à thousand days in the early 1960s America
of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and the
seemed new and fresh. Captivated by the optimism
Oval Office as President Kennedy relates in his own
and energy of its youthful leader, a generation of
words how he faced the complex, dangerous chal-
Americans envisioned limitless possibilities in an uncer-
lenges of the nuclear age.
tain world. It was a thousand days of
Enjoy the touches of
new beginnings, a thousand
grace and culture First
days of promise. It was the
Lady Jacqueline Bouvier
thousand days of President
Kennedy brought to the
John F. Kennedy.
Executive Mansion. Then,
Now, the inspiration of those momentous days
exploring historical documents and interactive com-
continues - at The New Museum at the John F.
puters, discover for yourself new insights into the
Kennedy Library. Emotion
programs of the Kennedy
and intensity. Joy and
concern. The New Museum
"We Celebrate
Administration - and
the message they have
for us today.
The Past
Vivid settings. Three
theaters. Twenty video
presentations. The New
To Awaken
Museum at the John F.
Kennedy Library offers
at the Kennedy Library
The Future.
"
you the chance to experi-
captures the powerful
ence the stirring legacy of
story of the Kennedy years,
President Kennedy's
giving visitors of all ages an
John F. Kennedy, August 14, 1960
thousand days, and come
uplifting, "first-hand" experience of President
away inspired by his vision that one person can make
Kennedy's life, leadership and legacy.
a difference.
In 25 dramatic exhibits, you step back into the
Visit us in our striking I.M. Pei building overlook-
re-created world of the Kennedy Presidency.
ing Boston's waterfront. Call 617-929-4523 for
Accompany candidate Kennedy as he wins the 1960
information on the
Democratic nomination and takes his case to the peo-
Museum and mem-
ple along the campaign trail. Witness the first televised
bership opportunities.
presidential debate from behind the studio camera.
Walk through the White House corridors, the office
The
Truman
It was the spirit of liberty which
Presidency
1945-1953
MUSEUM INFORMATION
HARRY S. TRUMAN
816-833-1225
gave
LIBRARY
and
LOCATION
U.S. Highway 24 and Delaware
INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI
A Legacy of
Leadership
Independence, Missouri 64050-1798
ADMISSION
$5.00 for adults
which made our men invincible
1949
JANUARY 20
$4.50 for seniors (62 and older)
The inauguration of President Harry S. Truman.
$3.00 for Children 6-18
Truman overcame incredible odds to defeat
Children under 6 are admitted free
New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948 "Whistle
Stop" Campaign.
MUSEUM HOURS
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily
in battle We now know that the
Open until 9:00 p.m. Thursdays
Open Noon-5:00 p.m. Sundays
TRUMAN
Closed Thanksgiving Christmas
and New Year's Day
"IT IS MY AMBITION TO MAKE THE LIBRARY A
For recorded information
24 hours a day,
spirit of liberty the freedom of
CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PreSiDENCY.
Call: 816-833-1225, or
toll free: 1-800-833-1225
THAT GREAT OFFICE HAS BEEN NEGLECTED
RESEARCH ROOM HOURS
Monday to Friday
AND MISREPRESENTED BY SO-CALLED HISTO-
the
onal
8:45 a.m. to 4:45 p.m.
Closed on Federal holidays
rians. IT IS THE GREATEST EXECUTIVE OFFICE
RESEARCH/ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES/
IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD. I SAY THAT
TOUR INFORMATION
Call: 816-833-1400
NOT BECAUSE I HELD IT BUT BECAUSE I
digi
gest
BECAME ACQUAINTED WITH IT BY EXPERIENCE.
TRUMAN LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
I HAD READ EVERYTHING ON IT BEFORE FATE
U.S. 24
INDEPENDENCE SQUARE
DOWNT OWN KC/MO
U.S. 24
PASSED IT ON TO ME."
TRUMAN HOME
and tought...
enduring
1.35
U.S. 40
I-70
1-435
STERLING AVE.
DELAWARE 5.
NOLAND RD.
HarryMusser
A Presidential library administered by the
N
U.S.40
National Archives & Records Administration
1-70
PRODUCED WITH SUPPORT FROM THE MISSOURI DIVISION OF TOURISM.
REV.9/96
forces in all the world.
1945
APRIL 12 Upon the death of
1948
APRIL 3 Signs the Foreign
1950
JUNE
26 Orders U.S. air and
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman becomes
Assistance Act, implementing the Marshall Plan.
sea forces to aid South Korean troops in re-
the 33rd President of the United States.
MAY
14 Recognizes the state
sisting the Communist forces of North Korea,
MAY 8 Announces the surrender of Germany in
of Israel. JULY 26 Issues executive
which had invaded South Korea the day before.
World War II. AUGUST 6 United States
order ending racial discrimination in the armed forces
drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
and the federal government.
DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENT SPARS WITH A
REPUBLICAN CONGRESS; UNITED STATES FORCES LEAD
UNITED NATIONS' EFFORTS TO STOP MILITARY AGGRESSION
The newly refurbished Oval
Other exhibitions share
Truman requested for
Library Institute, present a
OVERSEAS; AMERICAN AID REBUILDS THE ECONOMY OF A
Office replica looks like
insights into President
his graveslone.
variety of exhibitions, spe-
FOREIGN LAND; THE PRESIDENT ACTS TO END DISCRIMINA-
President Truman just
Truman's life as a farmer,
cial events and educational
TION IN THE MILITARY; THE NATION STRUGGLES TO TAME
The Truman Library collec-
stepped out for a brisk walk
soldier, merchant and local
A NUCLEAR THREAT.
tions include more than 14
programs, many of which
in the Rose Garden. It's a
politician. The exhibitions
million pages of manuscript
mark the 50th anniversary
If you want to understand
Harry S. Truman rose from
precise re-creation of his
are filled with original doc-
of Harry S. Truman's
material, 94,000 photographs,
our world today, step into
being a failed businessman
office, down to the Dumont
uments, films, photographs
63 miles of motion picture
Presidency. You are invited
the Harry S. Truman Library
and obscure local politician
television near his desk, the
and artifacts that illustrate
film, 700 hours of audio
to participate. For informa-
in Independence, Mo. And
to become one of America's
first TV in the White House.
the character, common
recordings and more than
tion on upcoming programs,
while you're learning history,
most popular presidents.
sense and decisiveness with
call (816) 833-1225.
The adjacent White House
25,000 museum objects.
you can also have some fun.
Gallery lets you sneak a
which he faced the complex
Through its permanent
These collections have
The Harry S. Truman Library
You can walk right into the
peek at the President's hectic
issues of war, peace and the
and changing exhibitions,
brought scholars and
is one of nine Presidential
most powerful office in the
the Truman Library museum
daily routine and the odd
dawn of the nuclear age.
students from all over the
Libraries operated and
world - the White House
fulfills President Truman's
requests he often received.
And you can spend a quiet
world to the Library to
maintained by the National
Oval Office. You can scan
wish that his Library
Plus, you can see the original
moment by the gravesite of
conduct research.
Archives and Records
President Truman's mail.
help you understand
"Buck Stops Here" sign
President and Mrs. Truman,
Administration.
The Library and its support
And you can see the
American history and the
that President Truman
reflecting upon the simple
organization, the Truman
remarkable story of how
American Presidency.
made famous.
inscription that President
ILI
With the fifty years that have passed between
the founding of the Franklin D. Roosevelt
The George Bush
Library in New York and the opening of the
Ronald Reagan Library in California, the impor-
tance of presidential libraries continues to grow.
Presidential Library
Scholars, historians, students, and museum pa-
trons have come to appreciate these libraries as
and Müseum
valuable cultural centers that promote public
awareness and historical research relating to
American history of the 20th century.
The George Bush Presidential Library and
Museum will be the tenth presidential library
administered by the National Archives. Under
construction on the campus of Texas A&M Uni-
versity, the Bush Library and Museum is sched-
uled for completion in the fall of 1997.
The holdings of this Library and Museum
include 36,000,000 pages of official and per-
sonal papers, over 1,000,000 audiovisual
records, and 40,000 artifacts. These are primary
sources that document President Bush's long
public career as Ambassador to the United Na-
tions, the chairman of the Republican National
Committee, the Liaison to the People's Repub-
lic of China, the director of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency, Congressman, Vice President,
President, and world leader. Drawing upon these
sources, scholars will write the history of one of
the most exciting periods in world politics-the
historic international coalition formed during the
Gulf War crisis, the demise of communism, and
the establishment of what came to be known as
a "new world order."
Museum patrons will be able to experience
the unique influences and challenges that
formed George Bush's life and presidency. From
Maine to Texas to Washington, the story of
George Bush is a fascinating one of adventure,
courage, and dedication.
A national institution
scheduled to open on the campus of
T
ake a walk through sixty years of American history
in the new exhibit at the Lyndon Baines Johnson
A
nd in different parts of Texas-in the hardscrabble
T
he rest of the exhibit is the Johnson presidency. LBJ
hill country and the piney woods of the east-a
holds the country together, then sets out to wage
T
he second floor exhibits leave behind some of the
gravity of the presidency. Push a button to hear
Library and Museum. "America: 1908-1969" focuses on
boy and a girl are born and wend their way through dif-
war on poverty and to secure civil rights for all
recorded examples of "The Humor of LBJ." Look at
the story of those years and how LBJ and Lady Bird fit
ferent experiences of childhood to their eventual meeting
Americans. The Great Society is launched. The war in
"Gifts from the American People," a collection of handi-
into it. Their story is told in the context of their time.
and the marriage that will leave its mark on history.
Vietnam escalates and divides the nation. The hot line is
crafts and heirlooms received during and after the presi-
Through photographs, letters, music, sound effects, and
activated between the U.S. and the USSR to avert conflict
dency. Nearby is the "Head of State Gifts" exhibit which
recorded commentary, the museum breathes life into the
saga of a turbulent time and the man who rose to leader-
T
he exhibit continues through World War II and the
in the Middle East. Succeeding space flights bring astro-
features some of the museum's collection of ceremonial
Cold War, the era of Joe McCarthy and black
nauts closer to the moon. Against the backdrop of mount-
gifts given to the Johnsons from other countries.
ship as it unfolded.
Americans' mounting demands for equal rights. Now the
ing tension over Vietnam, Johnson withdraws from poli-
"American Political Memorabilia" is a small sampling of
Johnson story is closely enmeshed in the larger history as
tics. His announcement activates peace talks, but he
the four thousand political campaign items in the Ralph
T
he century was young, and America was finding its
LBJ moves up in the Congress to become the Senate's
serves out his presidency in what he calls a "nightmare
E. Becker collection. The First Lady Theater presents a
way in the world, when Lyndon Johnson was born.
most effective leader. Then come the Kennedy years
year"-communists hijack a U.S. ship off Korea
Dr.
fifty-seven minute film, A Life: The Story of Lady Bird
The exhibit leads through those early years when inven-
when Johnson serves as Vice President: the Bay of Pigs,
Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy are assassi-
Johnson, completed for her eightieth birthday in 1992.
tive genius was changing society and tensions far away
the Cuban Missile crisis when the world braces for
nated
riots torch forty American cities. Through it all,
The film offers insight into the pleasures and pressures of
were tearing down the walls that had isolated this nation.
nuclear war; the commitment of troops to Vietnam; the
the Great Society keeps building, and Johnson leaves
the presidency through the poignant reflections of the
As the young century unfolds, the U.S. goes to war,
first steps to the moon; the assassination of the young
office with the reflection, "We tried."
former first lady, friends, and colleagues.
women get the vote, fashions change, new voices are
President on the streets of Dallas.
heard in literature and music, new heroes appear.
DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING. JR.
Vietnam
Bronze portruit by Robert Berks
Depression covers the land like fog.
Gift from General Motors Corporation
The Sixties
"What is Happening To Our Country?
"I don 't know when
"Everyone in the
I've seen a place
world needs to
so educational,
experience this place."
beautiful or emotional
Museum Visitor
in my life."
Museum Visitor
"This is what a
"The museum was
Presidential Library
lovely. As a person
should be like.
born in 1962, the
Excellent job!"
exhibits taught me
Museum Visitor
a lot of history"
Museum Visitor
Civil Rights
Thousand Laws of the Great Society
Vietnam
American Political Memorabilia
THE LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
PRESIDENT LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON
T
he Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is one of
Bronze portrait by Robert Berks
nine presidential libraries administered by the National
Gift from the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation
Archives and Records Administration. The library houses forty
million pages of historical documents which include the papers
from the entire public career of Lyndon Baines Johnson and also
I
those of close associates. These papers and the vast administrative
files from the presidency are used primarily by scholars.
hope that visitors who come here will achieve a closer understanding of the office
T
he museum provides year-round public viewing of its perma-
of the Presidency, which affects their own lives so greatly. I hope that those who
nent historical and cultural exhibits. Special activities and
exhibits are sponsored privately by the Friends of the LBJ Library
shared in the history of this time will remember it and see it in perspective, and that
and its parent organization, the LBJ Foundation.
the young people who come here will get a clearer comprehension of
Changing Exhibitions
The museum presents traveling exhibitions related to American
what this Nation tried to do in an eventful period of its history.
history in its changing exhibition gallery. Special exhibitions are
produced in-house and shown in the same space. Documents and
artifacts included in these shows are on loan from other institu-
LYNDON B. JOHNSON, 36TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
tions and private collections nationwide.
The Museum Store
JEWELRY BOX
This presidential specialty shop offers original campaign items
Silver. gold, and semi-precious stones
along with a selection of books, gifts, and souvenirs.
From His Majesty King Mahendra of Nepal
November 1, 1967
Restrooms and Elevators
Restrooms are located on the eighth floor and on the lower level
The Great Hall showing four stories of presidential papers. collected in boxes bound in red buckram and embossed with a gold presidential seal
(use stairway off the lobby or elevators). The elevators in the cen-
tral lobby access all exhibit floors and the lower floor restrooms.
For Special Visitors
Transcripts for deaf and hard-of-hearing, Braille booklets, and
THE
wheelchairs are available at the lobby information desk. Closed
caption video presentations provide text in English and Spanish.
On the Cover
LYNDON
The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is located on
the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. The eight-story
travertine structure is part of a building complex situated on nine-
BAINES
teen landscaped acres.
LBJ Library and Museum
JOHNSON
RED RIVER
2313 Red River Street
IH 35
35
26th ST
N
Austin, Texas 78705
(512) 916-5136
LIBRARY
LBJ LIBRARY
GUADALUPE
AND MUSEUM
Ample free parking
Open every day, except Christmas
AND
MLK BLVD
9 AM to 5 PM
Admission free
MUSEUM
One block west of I-35
(between MLK and 26th Street)
mory University
arter Center-of
and Global 2000
Child Survival
Task Force for
Jimmy Carter
Offices of
JIMMY CARTER PRESIDENTIAL CENTER
Restaurant
Museum of the
Ponce De Leon Ave
North Avenue
Jimmy Carter Library
Freedom Pkwy
CARTER PRESIDENTIAL CENTER
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Moreland Avenue
75
85
Boulevard
23
20
20
Map produced by Southeastern Reprographics, Inc. Atlanta, GA
To get to The Jimmy Carter Library:
Library and Museum
From the North or South:
Open Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m to 4:45 p.m
Jimmy Carter
Take I-75/85 to Exit 96, Freedom Parkway, and follow the signs.
Open Sunday 12:00 Noon to 4:45 pm.
From the West or East:
Take I-20 to the Moreland Avenue North exit; continue on Moreland to Freedom
Closed Thanksgiving Christmas and New Year S Day
Parkway; turn left on Freedom Parkway, and follow the signs.
From Decatur/Stone Mountain:
Take Ponce de Leon Avenue westbound to Freedom Parkway; turn left and
For tour reservations. call: (404) 331-3942
follow the signs.
From the West on Ponce de Leon Avenue:
Take Ponce de Leon Avenue eastbound to Freedom Parkway; turn right and
Operated by the
follow the signs.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Silver
T
he Museum of the
falcon
Jimmy Carter Library
Gift of the
Kingdom
provides a glimpse of the
of Saudi
American Presidency, from
Arabia
life in the White House to
complex decisions made in
the Oval Office. Several
exhibits focus on important
twentieth century events
such as war and peace,
disarmament, and the
economy.
Visitors also may view the
more personal aspects of
Gold evening purse
the Presidency embodied in
with diamonds. rubies.
and green ony
TOWN
handmade gifts from the
Gift of the
TOWN
MEETING
American people, elegant
Kingdom oi Morocco
MEETING
objects from foreign leaders,
a formal dinner setting
Oil on canvas. by Octavio
Ocampo. 1979.
from the White House, and
Gift oi the
video-taped events at the
United Mexican States
executive mansion.
Wedding day photo of
Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter.
July 7. 1946
Courtesy of Jimmy Carter Library
CARTER
An unique application of modern
The Jimmy Carter Library is
technology provides visitors the
located at the Carter Presidential
opportunity to ask Jimmy Carter
Center in Atlanta, Georgia. The
questions ranging from "What did
Center also houses the offices of
Amy do all day at the White House?"
the Task Force for Child Survival
to "Why did you choose to go to
Global 2000, the Carter Center
Camp David with Sadat and Begin?"
of Emory University and a public
This "Town Hall" is just one of
restaurant.
several interactive video displays
available at the museum.
Merald R.Ford
Gerald R. Ford Foundation
RESEARCH GRANTS
Research grants ranging up to $2000 are available for research
Selected Past
that makes significant use of the Gerald R. Ford Library's col-
Recipients
lections. The grants defray travel, living, and photocopy
Anne Khademian
expenses incurred while conducting research at the Library.
University of Wisconsin
Roger Launius
NASA
What is in the Ford Library?
Gil Troy
Harvard University
Library collections focus on U.S. domestic affairs, foreign
Timothy McKeown
relations, economic policies, and politics in the 1970s.
University of North Carolina
President Ford's White House files, including the files of his
Diane Kunz
advisers and aides, comprise the core holdings. These are sup-
Yale University
plemented by researcher-conducted interviews, audiovisual
materials, federal records, and, especially, donated papers.
Bernard Yamron
Brown University
Illustrative of the latter are the papers of Federal Reserve
chairman Arthur Burns, aerospace scientist and administrator
Lotte Feinberg
CUNY.
H. Guyford Stever, and political consultant Robert Teeter. Mr.
Ford's Congressional and Vice Presidential papers are avail-
Patricia Witherspoon
able as well.
University of Texas
John P. Burke
University of Vermont
Who may apply for grants?
Robert Shogan
LLas Angeles Times
Anyone with a serious research interest in Library collections
Nancy V. Baker
may apply. Most recipients are doctoral candidates or faculty,
Tulane University
but journalists and others have won grants. Since 1982, the
David O'Brien
Foundation has awarded approximately $185,000 to over 125
University of Virginia
researchers.
Rhodri Jeffries-Jones
University of Edinburgh
Elena Vorobiova
When are the deadlines?
Moscow State University
Steven Dryden
Applications must be postmarked by March 15 or September
Independent journalist
15 for the respective spring and fall award rounds.
Laura Kalman
UC Santa Barbara
Martha Derthick
How do I learn more?
Brookings Institution
Robert Schulzinger
To request a grant application, a free "Guide to Collections in
University of Colorado
the Gerald R. Ford Library," and advice and a database search
Stanley Kutler
report about files on your topic, contact:
University of Wisconsin
Ann Mari May
David Horrocks
University of Nebraska
Gerald R. Ford Library
John Maltese
1000 Beal Avenue
Johns Hopkins University
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
James Stever
University of Cincinnati
Tel. 313/741-2218
Fax 313/741-2341
GERALD R. FORD
I
CADILLAC
MUSEUM
296
131
I
MUSKEGON
-
HOLLAND
196
GERALD R. FORD FREEWAY LANSING
MICHIGAN
JUSTICE
BLDG
FEDERAL
BLDG
MT. VERNON
GRAND RIVER
OMC CENTER
CITY-CO
BLDG
LYON
FORD
MUSEUM
PEARL
OTTAWA
FROM
FULTON
"The exhibits convey so much of
the texture and substance of this nation's
experiment in self-government."
131
KALAMAZOO
Gerald Ford
HOURS
Monday through Saturday, 9:00am to 4:45pm
Sunday, Noon to 4:45pm
Closed New Year's Day, Thanksgiving & Christmas
ADMISSION
16 Years and Older
Admission $2.00 Subject to Change
Seniors 55 and Over $1.50
Children & School Groups Free
Group Tours Are Encouraged to Make
Arrangements Prior to Visit
Museum Is Barrier-Free
ARCHINES NATION AND LITTERS ///////// SCRIPTA MARET RECORDS
Free Parking
1985
Museum Gift Shop Is Open During Regular
Museum Hours
GERALD R. FORD LIBRARY
National Archives and Records Administration
The research collections relating to Gerald Ford's
Gerald R. Ford Museum
public life are housed at the Ford Library on the
303 Pearl Street, N.W.
North Campus of the University of Michigan,
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
Ann Arbor.
(616) 456-2675
Gerald R. Ford became the 38th
Various exhibits, many with sound
In 1981, Gerald R. Ford dedicated
President of the United States on
and film, feature the congressional
the Museum to the American people.
August 9, 1974. His term of office
years, his vice-presidency, the 1976
It is a place where all are welcome to
restored calm and confidence in the
presidential campaign, the pardon of
enjoy, to learn, and to participate in
nation's democratic process and a
Richard Nixon, and related national
our great national heritage.
sense of goodwill among the American
and international issues. Candid
people.
photographs of Gerald Ford and his
Visitors to the Museum will find a
family also offer the visitor a view of
wealth of information on Gerald Ford's
the man at informal moments.
life and his dedication to public
Visitors can see gifts presented by
service. One of the most popular
Heads of State and foreign dignitaries,
presentations is the full-scale
as well as personal gifts to President
reproduction of the Oval Office
Ford from the American people. An
decorated as it was during Ford's
award-winning film, "Gerald R. Ford:
presidency.
The Presidency Restored," is shown
every hour in the Museum's
auditorium. The Museum also offers
feature exhibits of historical and social
interest to enhance its permanent
displays.
CERTS
EXITIS
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BOSTON'S
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most frequent departures. Our stops have
stories and well researched historical in-
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formation into a fast moving 100-minute
nience and pleasure. Best of all you can
narrative that's both entertaining and
tour at your own pace. Get off at any
educational. Join us as we turn back the
designated stop, then reboard another
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BEST
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pages of history and relive the bustling
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making one full loop. We operate seven
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Revere was an accom-
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plished silversmith as
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leading to the Revolutionary War. The
GUARANTEED-This is the best tour in Boston! If
Old Town Trolley has an exclusive stop
CAL 5037-S
you're not fully satisfied, we'll give you your money back.
at the Boston Tea Party Ship and
DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED-Old Town Trolley is
Boston's original and most popular trolley tour with over
Museum. With your trolley tickets
ten years of experience in making Boston vacations better!
you'll enjoy discounted admission for
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Key West Western Union
Welcome aboard the original and only, orange and green,
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MONUMENT
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Sit back and enjoy all that Boston has to offer while boarding and reboarding the
SQUARE
1
Old State House
BosTix
Marriott Long Wharf Hotel
Columbus Park
Orange and Green Trolley at stops conveniently located throughout the city.
UNION ST
Faneuil Hall Logo Store (10% off Trolley Ticket)
?
Boston Harbor Cruises
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VISTOR
BLACK
BOARDING
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SUBWAY
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HERITAGE
AND
TICKET SALES
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EXCLUSIVE STOP North End (Commercial St. at base of Fleet Street)
TRAIL
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Paul Revere House
ROUTE
& SOUVENIRS
TRAIL
REBOARDING
U.S.S. Constitution/Old Ironsides"
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SHOPPING? Receive 10% discount of off Old Tewn Tralley Tourse Stores with your Old Town Trolley Tourse ticket
93
3
Constitution Museum
Bunker Hill Monument
U.S.S. Cassin Young
Credit Cards accepted of
Tavero on the Water
Barrett's on Boston Harbor
Warren Tavern
TO HARVARD
VISA
SQUARE
Old Town Tralley Tourse Retail Stores.
CAMBRIDGE
CAMBRIDGESIDE
CITY
3
Gate 1
GALLERIA MALL
SQUARE
ROYAL
CONSTITUTION
Boston Common/Trolley Stop
?
SONESTA
MUSEUM
City Place
CAMBRIDGE
4
Historic Beacon Hill
Public Garden/Swan Boats
LANSDOWNE STREET & THE FENWAY
MARRIOTT
U.S.S. CASSIN YOUNG
Bull and Finch
Trolley Stop/Souvenirs (10% off with Trolley Ticket)
KENMORE
SCIENCE
P
brew moon
Beginning of Freedom Trail
BUS STATION
MUSEUM
BUNKER HILL
BEACON SL
KENDALL
TAVERN
INVILION
7
SQUARE
ON THE
State House/Boston Welcome
Center
?
(10% off with Trolley Ticket)
CHARLE
WATER
T
CONSTITUTION
5
Shopping/Filene's
Black Heritage Trail
ILLIAN'S
OLD IRONSIDES
TO BOSTON
Downtown Crossing
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial
UNIVERSITY
OMMONWEALTH AVE
MASS PIKE
Bills
INNER HARBOR
MEWBURY SL
ONRAMP TO R AND
NORTH
West End/Holiday Inn-Government Center
8193
0000
-
AND AIRPORT
STATION
COPPSHILL
6
Charles River Esplanade
Harrison Gray Otis House
BOSTON
MASSACHUSETTS
African Meeting House
Old West Church
BEER WORKS
GROUND
NORTH END
##
LANSDOWNE ST
GENERAL HOSPITAL
FleetCanter
NE MUSEUM
Cambridge Marriott/Kendall Square
7
SIMMONS
IPSWICH ST
WEST
MIT Campus/Bookstore
Picasso Sculpture
B
END
COLLEGE
8
Beacon Hill/Charles Meeting House/Antique Row
FENWAY
Louisburg Square
Nichols House Museum
Charles St. Shopping
PARK
HAYDEN
HOLIDAY INN
OLD NORTH
HOUSE
GOV'T CENTER
CHURCH
Sheraton Hotel/Hilton/Hynes Convention Center
CHARLES RIVER
9
Newbury St. Boutiques
Christian Science Center/Mapparium
NORTH
Berklee Performance Center
6
THE ESPLANADE
HATCH
CHARLES STREET
BEACON
CHARDON ST
END
SUMNER TUNNEL
SHELL
MEETING
HOUSE
JFK
HILL
PAUL REVERE
BUILDING
CALLAHANTUNG
10
Colonnade Hotel/Prudential Center Shopping/Skywalk
UNIV.
Symphony Hall (1/4 mile walk) Museum of Fine Art (1/2 mile walk)
LOUISBURG
NEW SUDE
AIRPORT
SQUARE
8
GOVERNMENT
Boston Marriott Copiey Hotel
-
CENTE
2
Champions Sports Bar
Copley Square Hotel
FEWAY
HAMPSHIRE HOUSE
UNION
STATE
BULL AND FINCH
BOSTONIAN
PARK
000
WHARE
Original Sports Saloon
Copley Place Shopping
CHESTNUT ST
MOUSE
HOTEL
BEACONST
Lenox Hotel
910
LEWIS WHARE
GRANARY
BURIAL
T
CITY
PUBLIC
GROUND
HALL
Newbury Street/Copley Plaza Hotel/Westin Hotel
BACK
BAY
18
FANCUL HALL
GARDEN
MARKETPLACE
Boston Public Library
John Hancock Observatory
SWAN
LOGO STORE
ELIOT
BOATS
Trinity Church
BosTix
Newbury Street/Outdoor Cafes
FROG POND
WATERFRONT
HOTEL
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COMMONWEALTH
PARK
COMMERCIAL
TOWER
RITZ
MARRIOTT
WHARF
13
EXCLUSIVE STOP
HardRock
CARLTON
T
PARKER
STATE
WHARF
80STON
Hard Rock Cafe
CAFE
T
CONVENTION
HOTEL
HOUSE
HOUSE
HARBOR
CENTER
BOSTON PUBLIC
11
HOTEL
OLD/SOUTH
CRUISES
AVE IDVE
LIBRARY
T
HANCOCK
CENTER
DOWNTOWN
HOUSE
11
Radisson Hotel/Park Plaza
HILTON
LENOX
WESTIN
TOWER
14
Chinatown
Theatre District
HOTEL
HOTEL
BOYLSTON ST
CROSSING
FOUR
4
Park Plaza Hotel & Towers
Bay Village. South End
P
SEASONS
T
MILK
EW ENGLAND
COPLEY
SQUARE
TROUD
THINKS
HOTEL
AQUARIUM
HOTEL
LIAMES ST
PARK
?
BASEMENT
ALERIDIEN
EXCLUSIVE STOP Boston Tea Party Ship/Museum Wharf
SHERATOR
PLAZA
HARBOR
15
Children's Museum
Computer Museum
Tea Party Gift Shop
CHRISTIAN
BOSTON
HOTEL
BOSTON
SWISSOTEL
FRANKLIN
TOWERS
SCIENCE
HOTEL
515
COPLEY
COMPLEX
PLAZA
STUART SL
COMMON
(20% discounted admission to Tea Party Ship with Old Town Trolley Ticket)
BOSTON HARBOR
CAFE
HOTEL ATE -
10
T
13
ROWES WHAR
Boston Harbor Hotel/Rowes Wharf/Ferry Terminal
THE
MARRIOTT
COPLEY
SYMPHONY
T
HOTEL
P
PULMIR
PLACE
T
CHINATOWN
16
Foster's Rotunda
Airport Water Taxi
HOTEL
MASS
HALL
Mass Bay Lines/Cruises
Whale Watches
COLONNADE
Night Cruises
MIDTOWN
RADISSON
HOTEL
un
PURCHASE SL
LINES
HOTEL
CHARLES
Fish piers 1/2 mile
BOSTON
T
BACK BAY STATION
PLAYHOUSE
MASSPIKE
Due to construction stop #16 may be temporarily unavailable. please use
stop No. 1
CHANDLERST
THEATER
MUSEUM
CLAREMONT
DISTRICT
NEW FEDERAL
TOWN
FINE ARTS
T
COURTHOUSE
SOUTH
90
PROLLEP
FEDERAL
CHANDLER
BOSTON
WARREN AVE
INN
L
15
BOSTON
Route subject to change due to traffic conditions and weather
END
SOUTH
SEAPORT
STATION
BEST
CENTER FOR THE
BOSTONITE
DISTRICT
LOURS
WESTERN
PERFORMING
93
PARTY
HOTEL
Indicates alternate route
MUSEUM
FAN PIER
COMPUTER MUSEUM
© 1998 HISTORIC TOURS OF AMERICA, INC
R
Welcome to Boston "The Cradie of Liberty" we hope you enjoy your stay with us.
CHILDREN'S MUSEUM
ONE
RECORDS
ARCHIVES
The Ronald Reagan Presidential
Library is a U.S. Government historical
Visit a "shining city on a hill
"
ADMINISTRATION
reasearch facility, operated and
NATIONAL
maintained by the National Archives
and Records Administration.
REAGAN
1985
Wendy Sparks
Ronald Reagan has often spoken of America
MUSEUM
San Fernando
as a "shining city on a hill." Here at the hill-
Simi Valley
118
top site of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Li-
Ronald Reagon
210
Freeway
brary & Museum, you can share his dream and
0
2
Reseda
Burbank
MILES
$
learn how he led America toward it.
Thousand
Van
Oaks
Nuys
Glendale
Through the gates of our beautiful Span-
Woodland
Hills
ish mission style courtyard, you'll enter the
Hollywood
RONALD
Left: President Reagan
REAGAN
FREEWAY
Los Angeles
Santa
greets students in the
Monica
courtyard; Below:
RD.
REJADA
REAGAN
LOS
and in the museum.
TIERRA
LIBRARY
MOORPARK
MADERA
ANGELES
Inglewood
AVE.
FWY.
Simi
Thousand
Mike Guastella
Oaks
Valley
Presidential Drive
Pacific
Ocean
(23)
MILES
Torrance
world of Ronald Reagan.
Our state-of-the-art mu-
From Los Angeles and points south, take the 405
seum takes you from his
North to the 118 West. Exit at Madera Road South.
early years to his years
as world leader. It's an
Alison Halfon
Turn right on Madera. Proceed 3 miles to Presiden-
tial Drive.
entertaining and educa-
tional trip.
Left: Children using
From Santa Barbara and points north, take the 101
interactive video
program in Cabinet
South to the 23 North. Exit at Olsen Road. Turn
Room exhibit. Below:
right on Olsen. Proceed 2 miles to Presidential Drive.
Marine Band concert;
Top Left: View from
Wendy Sparks
above the Reagan
Library; Bottom Left:
The Ronald Reagan Presidential
President's Day festival
in the Reagan Library
Library & Museum
There's also a con-
courtyard.
Open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
White House Photo
stantly changing series of
(except Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day)
Museum Admission: Adults, $4;
RONALD REAGAN
special events, museum
Seniors, $2; Children under 16, Free
exhibits, and holiday cel-
40 Presidential Drive, Simi Valley, CA 93065
PRESIDENTIAL
ebrations. To find out
(805) 522-8444
more, please call our re-
(800) 410-8354
&
Wendy Sparks
LIBRARY & MUSEUM
corded information line at
(805) 522-8444.
SIMI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA
Wendy Sparks
One man can make a difference
Ronald Reagan has.
Here at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
You'll view an abundance of artifacts from Ronald
& Museum, you'll experience the difference one
Reagan's life and presidency, along with hundreds
man has made in our lives. Ronald Reagan re-
of photos, videos and audio tapes.
newed the American spirit and rebuilt the Ameri-
You can walk into the Oval Office and hear Presi-
can economy. He restored respect for America
dent Reagan's reflections, or sit at the Cabinet Table
around the world and helped us believe in ourselves
and debate public policy. You can see a real nuclear
again.
missile, decommissioned by the treaty signed by
In the Reagan Museum, you'll see how a
President Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. And
small-town boy nicknamed "Dutch" broke into
you'll experience life in the White House, from
broadcasting during the Great Depression and
entertaining in the State Dining Room to horse-
went on to win fame as a film and television
back riding at Camp David.
actor. You'll follow his political journey from
The Reagan Museum captures it all: the great
Fred Bauermeister
President of the Screen Actors Guild to Gover-
American success story of a man who believed he
nor of California to President of the United
should leave the world better off than he found it.
Fred Bauermeister
States.
And Ronald Reagan has.
Reagan Museum Highlights:
(Counterclockwise from
Above Left) Inaugural Day
1981 Exhibit; Family photo
of Jack, Neil, Ronald and
Nelle Reagan; Studio public-
ity photo of Ronald Reagan
as George Gipp in Knute
Rockne, All American;
White House Cabinet Room
replica with interactive com-
puters; Authentic section of
Berlin Wall on west terrace;
Exact replica of Ronald
Reagan's Oval Office; All-
thentic ground-launched
nuclear cruise missile; Gold
and malachite falcon among
gifts on exhibit from foreign
heads of state.
Fred Bauermeister
HS
Wendy Sparks
Nick Merrick, Hedrich-Blessing
THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
THE MUSEUM
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
OF THE
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT LIBRARY
This is the nation's first Presidential Library
511 ALBANY POST ROAD
HYDE PARK, NY 12538
and the only one ever used by a sitting Presi-
TELEPHONE (914) 229-8114
FAX (914) 229-0872
dent. In addition to artifacts from the lives
of President and Mrs. Roosevelt, this facility
also houses Franklin Roosevelt's papers both
Museum Hours
as Governor of New York and President, as
9am to 5pm daily November - April
well as materials belonging to those who
9am to 6pm daily May - October
served him in Albany and Washington.
Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas,
and New Year's Day
The original building was erected with private
contributions and opened to the general pub-
lic in 1941. The two wings in memory of
Admission is charged
Eleanor Roosevelt were added in 1971, mak-
ing this the only Presidential Library to have a
section devoted to a First Lady. Eleanor
For tourist information only, call
Roosevelt's papers are also housed here.
1-800-FDR VISIT
(1-800-337-8474)
During the year, the Library hosts a variety of
activities and special events. Our World War
For research information, details on educational
II living history weekends attract thousands
programs, and reservations for educational groups
of visitors to Hyde Park. On January 30th,
we commemorate President Roosevelt's birth-
call (914) 229-8114.
day with ceremonies and cake. If you would
like to be informed of our special events just
For group arrangements and information
call 1-800-FDR VISIT and ask to be put on
on the Roosevelt Home, Val-Kill, and the
our mailing list.
Vanderbilt Mansion call (914) 229-9115.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
Before you leave the Museum exhibits be sure
(Red Hook
199
to visit the Museum Store. It is located on the
a
Kingston
199
lower level and has some of the best "New
Rhinebeck
Exit
19
9G
Deals" in town. From scholarly publications
87
Staatsburg
to "Future President" tee-shirts for the kids,
Vanderbilt
the Museum Store offers a wonderful variety
Mansion
of mementoes to compliment your visit.
Hyde Park
Val-Kill
44
Millbrook
Exit
18
New Paltz
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
199
Home, Library
9G
& Museum
+
55
New York Throwgy
Poughkeepsic
Theonic State Parkway
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
9W
HYDE PARK, NEW YORK
Exit
9
17
8:
Beacon
Newburgh
There's a "New Deal" for you at the Museum of the
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library
EXCITING INTERACTIVE AND VIDEO DISPLAYS
World War II Exhibit
As Commander in Chief, you decide the fate of Britain.
Eleanor Roosevelt Gallery
Test your knowledge of Eleanor Roosevelt and her times.
HISTORY AS YOU'VE NEVER SEEN IT BEFORE
First Fifty Years
From the cradle to the Governor's Office.
DEPRESSION
White House Desk
The dedication of a library is in itself an act of faith.
Just as FDR left it on his last day at work.
To bring together the records of the past and to house
The President's Study
them in buildings where they will be preserved for the
The only sitting President to use his own library.
use of men living in the future, a nation must believe
in three things.
Presidential Years
The power, the ceremony, and the problems of the Office.
It must believe in the past.
It must believe in the future.
FDR's Famous Ford
It must, above all, believe in the capacity of
His mobility restricted by polio, special hand controls
its people so to learn from the past that they
allowed FDR the freedom to drive.
can gain in judgement for the creation of
the future.
Break Free
The Roosevelt-Churchill connection reflected in this
Berlin Wall sculpture by Edwina Sandys.
The Museum Store, rest rooms, and a vending area are located on the lower level.
THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
THE MUSEUM
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
OF THE
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT LIBRARY
This is the nation's first Presidential Library
511 ALBANY POST ROAD
HYDE PARK, NY 12538
TELEPHONE (914) 229-8114
FAX (914) 229-0872
and the only one ever used by a sitting Presi-
dent. In addition to artifacts from the lives
of President and Mrs. Roosevelt, this facility
also houses Franklin Roosevelt's papers both
Museum Hours
as Governor of New York and President, as
9am to 5pm daily November - April
well as materials belonging to those who
9am to 6pm daily May - October
served him in Albany and Washington.
Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas,
and New Year's Day
The original building was erected with private
contributions and opened to the general pub-
lic in 1941. The two wings in memory of
Admission is charged
Eleanor Roosevelt were added in 1971, mak-
ing this the only Presidential Library to have a
section devoted to a First Lady. Eleanor
For tourist information only, call
Roosevelt's papers are also housed here.
1-800-FDR VISIT
(1-800-337-8474)
During the year, the Library hosts a variety of
activities and special events. Our World War
For research information, details on educational
II living history weekends attract thousands
programs, and reservations for educational groups
of visitors to Hyde Park. On January 30th,
we commemorate President Roosevelt's birth-
call (914) 229-8114.
day with ceremonies and cake. If you would
like to be informed of our special events just
For group arrangements and information
call 1-800-FDR VISIT and ask to be put on
on the Roosevelt Home, Val-Kill, and the
our mailing list.
Vanderbilt Mansion call (914) 229-9115.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
(Red Hook
Before you leave the Museum exhibits be sure
199
to visit the Museum Store. It is located on the
0
Kingston
199
Rhinebeck
lower level and has some of the best "New
Exit
19
9G
Deals" in town. From scholarly publications
87
Startsburg
to "Future President" tee-shirts for the kids,
Vanderbilt
the Museum Store offers a wonderful variety
Mansion
of mementoes to compliment your visit.
Hyde Park
Val-Kill
14
Millbrook
Exit
IS
New Paltz
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
299
Home. Library
9G
& Museum
44 55
New York State Thruway
Poughkrepsie
Theonic State Parkway
LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
9W
HYDE PARK, NEW YORK
9
Exit
17
S4
Beachn
Newburgh
There's a "New Deal" for you at the Museum of the
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library
EXCITING INTERACTIVE AND VIDEO DISPLAYS
World War II Exhibit
As Commander in Chief, you decide the fate of Britain.
Eleanor Roosevelt Gallery
Test your knowledge of Eleanor Roosevelt and her times.
HISTORY AS YOU VE NEVER SEEN IT BEFORE
First Fifty Years
From the cradle to the Governor's Office.
DEPRESSION
White House Desk
The dedication of a library is in itself an act of faith.
Just as FDR left it on his last day at work.
To bring together the records of the past and to house
The President's Study
them in buildings where they will be preserved for the
The only sitting President to use his own library.
use of men living in the future, a nation must believe
in three things.
Presidential Years
The power, the ceremony, and the problems of the Office.
It must believe in the past.
It must believe in the future.
FDR's Famous Ford
It must, above all, believe in the capacity of
His mobility restricted by polio, special hand controls
its people so to learn from the past that they
allowed FDR the freedom to drive.
can gain in judgement for the creation of
the future.
BreakFree
The Roosevelt-Churchill connection reflected in this
Berlin Wall sculpture by Edwina Sandys.
The Museum Store, rest rooms, and a vending area are located on the lower level.
Harry S. Truman: 1884-1972
A 45-minute film biography for the Harry S. Truman Library Institute
Governor Mel Carnahan will join guests
at the Library on Saturday, September 20th;
to help "open" this special gift
The production of this film is part of the
Truman Library's museum renovation program
Major funding for the film was provided by
The State of Missouri, Division of Tourism
The film will be premiered to the public on
Sunday, September 21, 1997, and will then be
shown regularly in the Library's auditorium
by Charles Guggenheim
Saturday, the 20th of September
at the Truman Library
Showings at 4:00 p.m. and 6:30 p.m.
with remarks by Mr. Guggenheim
resh
Reception from 5:15 to 6:30 p.m.
1957 hors doeuvres and beverages
Hat and gloves not required!
ADMINIS
ADMIT
RSVP
ONE
by September 12th
space limited.
FFECTOUS
Complimentary transportation by advance reservation
CRISP
50th and Oak Street: UMKC.
Event Chair Mrs Donna Watkins
Hosts Mr. and Mrs. Willard L. Boyd
Mrs. W Coleman Branton
Mr. and Mrs Donald H Chisholm
Sen and Mrs. Thomas E Eagleton
Mr. and Mrs Charles M: Foudree
Mr. and Mis. Larry J Hackman
Mr. and Mrs. John E. Jacob
Mr. and Mrs R. Crosby Kemper, III
Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan M Kemper-
Mr and Mrs: Henry J? Massman, IV
Mr. and Mrs: Thomas A McDonnell
Mr. and Mrs Joseph J. McGee Jr
Mr. and Mrs. James B Nutter
Dr. and Mrs James & Olson
Dr. Donald A and Barbara J Potts
Mrs. Edward A Smith
The Harry S: Truman Library Institute
Mr. and Mrs. Morton I Sosland
U.S. Highway 24 and Delaware
Mi David Stanley and Mrs: Jean Keffeler
Independence, Missouri-6 1050
816/833-0425
800/769-8561
Extension 234
Harry D: Library instrute
invites you to celebrate
The Truman Library's 40th Birthday
1957-1997
Featuring the opening of a special gift-a - new film biography
Harry S. Truman:
1884-1972
by four-time, academy award-winning director,
Charles Guggenheim
Herbert Hoover
American History
Comes Alive!
F
ollowing a $6.5 million makeover, a new
Hoover Library-Museum enables visitors
to experience for themselves the many
sides of Iowa's only President. It all begins in a
rotunda area with a 16 foot red granite map of
the world spotlighting the 57 nations where Her-
bert Hoover fed people during his long career of
service to others. From there, visitors are trans-
ported to the Australian Outback and later to a
living room in Tientsin, China during the Boxer
Rebellion.
The Humanitarian Gallery features a Bel-
gian relief warehouse and the famous embroi-
dered flour sacks sent to Mr. Hoover by grateful
recipients of American assistance. Here a video
theater allows visitors to share in the emotional
stories of World War I survivors.
A colorful montage of Hoover at the Com-
merce Department is followed by the Hoover
Quote Game, where visitors electronically mix
and match historical figures.
Y
ou also can stand at the Inaugural Podium
on March 4, 1929 and view a multi-screen
video "snapshot" of America before Wall
Street crashed. Register by computer your opin-
ion of the Great Depression. Peeking inside the
windows of the President's fishing cabin, you can
view Mrs. Hoover's home movies. Then it's on
to Suite 31A of New York's Waldorf Towers and
an eight foot slab from the Berlin Wall. All this
and much more will introduce you to The Great
Humanitarian from West Branch.
Visitors to the Hoover Library-Museum pay
a single fee which also admits them to President
Hoover's newly restored Birthplace, his father's
blacksmith shop, Quaker meetinghouse, school-
house, and gravesite. We invite you to visit all
these attractions which make up Herbert Hoover
National Historic Site as well as 76 acres of prai-
rie located a few hundred feet south of the li-
brary building.
Adults IDENT OF OF THE
$2.00
Senior Citizens (62 and over)
holders of Golden Eagle,
LINO
Golden Age& Golden Access
SHL
passports
*****
$1.00
Children (under 16) and members
of the Hoover Presidential
Library Association.
Free
The Hoover Presidential Library-Museum is one
of ten presidential libraries operated by the Na-
tional Archives and Record Administration.
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
The John F. Kennedy Library and Museum
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
On the occasion of their first wedding anniversary, Jacqueline Kennedy presented her
husband with a leather-bound copy of his major speeches as a freshman U.S. Senator. She
inscribed the first pages of the book with a personal poem. The handwritten poem, in its
entirety, will be on public display for the first time.
Meanwhile in Massachusetts John Kennedy dreamed
Walking the shore by the Cape Cod Sea,
Of all the things he was going to be.
He breathed in the tang of New England fall
And back in his mind he pictured all
The burnished New England countryside-
Names that a patriot says with pride:
Concord and Lexington, Bunker Hill
Plymouth and Falmouth and Marston's Mill
Winthrop and Salem, Lowell, Revere
Quincy and Cambridge, Louisburg Square.
This was his heritage, this his share
Of dreams that a young man harks in the air.
The past reached out and touched him now
He would heed that touch; he didn't know how.
Part he must serve and part he must lead
Both were his calling, both were his need.
Part he was of New England stock
As stubborn, close guarded as Plymouth Rock.
He thought with his feet most firm on the ground
But his heart and his dreams were not earthbound.
He would call New England his place and his creed
But part he was of an alien breed.
Of a breed that had laughed on Irish hills
And heard the voices in Irish rills.
The lilt of that green land danced in his blood
Tara, Killarney, a magical flood
That surged in the depth of his too proud heart
And spiked the punch of New England so tart
Men would call him thoughtful, sincere.
They would not see through to the Last Cavalier.
He turned on the beach and looked towards his house.
On a green grass lawn his white house stands.
And the wind blows the sea grass low on the sands.
Here his brothers and sisters have laughed and played
And thrown themselves to rest in the shade.
The lights glowed inside, soon supper would ring
And he would go home where his father was King.
But now he was here with the wind and the sea
And all the things he was going to be.
He would build empires
And he would have sons
Others would fall
Where the current runs
He would find love
He would never find peace
For he must go seeking
The Golden Fleece
All of the things he was going to be
All of the things in the wind and sea.
[233] June 9
Public Papers of the Presidents
clashes of philosophy or idec
the
next
year
or
so.
Ambassador and Mrs.
man, Democratic National Committee; Vice Presi-
and means of reaching co
Matt McCloskey.
dent Lyndon B. Johnson; Thomas J. Kiernan,
research for sophisticated
Ambassador to the United States from Ireland;
NOTE: The President spoke in the Grand Ballroom
Mrs. Matthew McCloskey; Robert Briscoe, Lord
plex and obstinate issues.
of the Mayflower Hotel in Washington. In his
Mayor of Dublin; and former President Harry S.
Calhoun, the world of Taft
opening words he referred to John M. Bailey, Chair-
Truman.
problems and notable cha
problems are not our prob
is not our age. As every P
234 Commencement Address at Yale University.
had to disenthrall itself fre
June II, 1962
of truisms and stereotype
time we must move on fr
President Griswold, members of the faculty,
pugnacity developed in this city among Yale
repetition of stale phrases
graduates and their families, ladies and
men. Now that I, too, am a Yale man,
but essential confrontation
gentlemen:
it is time for peace. Last week at West
For the great enemy o:
Let me begin by expressing my apprecia-
Point, in the historic tradition of that Acad-
often not the lie-deliber:
tion for the very deep honor that you have
emy, I availed myself of the powers of
dishonest-but the myth-
conferred upon me. As General de Gaulle
Commander in Chief to remit all sentences
sive, and unrealistic. T
occasionally acknowledges America to be
of offending cadets. In that same spirit,
fast to the cliches of'our f
the daughter of Europe, so I am pleased to
and in the historic tradition of Yale, let me
ject all facts to a prefabr
come to Yale, the daughter of Harvard. It
now offer to smoke the clay pipe of friend-
pretations. We enjoy tt
might be said now that I have the best of
ship with all of my brother Elis, and I hope
ion without the discomfo
both worlds, a Harvard education and a
that they may be friends not only with me
Mythology distracts
Yale degree.
but even with each other.
government as in busine
I am particularly glad to become a Yale
In any event, I am very glad to be here
economics, in foreign af
man because as I think about my troubles,
and as a new member of the club, I have
affairs. But today I W
I find that a lot of them have come from
been checking to see what earlier links
consider the myth and "
other Yale men. Among businessmen, I
existed between the institution of the Presi-
economy. In recent r
have had a minor disagreement with Roger
dency and Yale. I found that a member of
come to feel, as I do, tha
Blough, of the law school class of 1931,
the class of 1878, William Howard Taft,
the parties-between b
and I have had some complaints, too, from
served one term in the White House as prep-
ment, between the g'
my friend Henry Ford, of the class of 1940.
aration for becoming a member of this fac-
public-is clogged by il
In journalism I seem to have a difference
ulty. And a graduate of 1804, John C. Cal-
and fails to reflect the
with John Hay Whitney, of the class of
houn, regarded the Vice Presidency, quite
temporary American so
1926-and sometimes I also displease Henry
naturally, as too lowly a status for a Yale
I speak of these n
alumnus-and became the only man in his-
because of the self-evid
Luce of the class of 1920, not to mention
also William F. Buckley, Jr., of the class of
tory to ever resign that office.
university is always
1950. I even have some trouble with my
Calhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878 grad-
spread of illusion and
Yale advisers. I get along with them, but
uated into a world very different from ours
No one has said it m
I am not always sure how they get along
today. They and their contemporaries
President Griswold:
with each other.
both a safeguard agai
spent entire careers stretching over 40 years
dom and a source of
I have the warmest feelings for Chester
in grappling with a few dramatic issues on
Bowles of the class of 1924, and for Dean
which the Nation was sharply and emotion-
as university men, w
Acheson of the class of 1915, and my assist-
ally divided, issues that occupied the atten-
will be to increase €
ant, McGeorge Bundy, of the class of 1940.
tion of a generation at a time: the national
grasp of its duties.
But I am not 100 percent sure that these
bank, the disposal of the public lands, nulli-
There are three gre:
fication or union, freedom or slavery, gold
affairs in which, toda:
three wise and experienced Yale men wholly
or silver. Today these old sweeping issues
illusion may prevent
agree with each other on every issue.
So this administration which aims at
very largely have disappeared. The central
are, first, the questi
peaceful cooperation among all Americans
domestic issues of our time are more subtle
shape of governmen
has been the victim of a certain natural
and less simple. They relate not to basic
47°
John F. Kennedy, 1962
June II [234]
clashes of philosophy or ideology but to ways
ond, the question of public fiscal policy;
C Presi-
Kiernan,
and means of reaching common goals—to
and third, the matter of confidence, business
[reland;
research for sophisticated solutions to com-
confidence or public confidence, or simply
Lord
plex and obstinate issues. The world of
confidence in America. I want to talk about
arry S.
Calhoun, the world of Taft had its own hard
all three, and I want to talk about them care-
problems and notable challenges. But its
fully and dispassionately-and I emphasize
problems are not our problems. Their age
that I am concerned here not with political
is not our age. As every past generation has
debate but with finding ways to separate
had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance
false problems from real ones.
of truisms and stereotypes, so in our own
If a contest in angry argument were forced
time we must move on from the reassuring
upon it, no administration could shrink
Yale
repetition of stale phrases to a new, difficult,
from response, and history does not suggest
man,
but essential confrontation with reality.
that American Presidents are totally without
West
For the great enemy of the truth is very
resources in an engagement forced upon
lcad.
often not the lie-deliberate, contrived, and
them because of hostility in one sector of
rs of
dishonest-but the myth-persistent, persua-
society. But in the wider national interest,
ences
sive, and unrealistic. Too often we hold
we need not partisan wrangling but common
pirit,
fast to the cliches of our forebears. We sub-
concentration on common problems. I
me
ject all facts to a prefabricated set of inter-
come here to this distinguished university
.end-
pretations. We enjoy the comfort of opin-
to ask you to join in this great task.
hope
ion without the discomfort of thought.
Let us take first the question of the size
me
Mythology distracts us everywhere-in
and shape of government. The myth here
government as in business, in politics as in
is that government is big, and bad-and
here
economics, in foreign affairs as in domestic
steadily getting bigger and worse. Ob-
have
affairs. But today I want to particularly
viously this myth has some excuse for exist-
nks
consider the myth and reality in our national
ence. It is true that in recent history each
resi-
economy. In recent months many have
new administration has spent much more
of
come to feel, as I do, that the dialog between
money than its predecessor. Thus President
aft,
the parties-between business and govern-
Roosevelt outspent President Hoover, and
ep-
ment, between the government and the
with allowances for the special case of the
fac-
public-is clogged by illusion and platitude
Second World War, President Truman
Cal-
and fails to reflect the true realities of con-
outspent President Roosevelt. Just to prove
lite
temporary American society.
that this was not a partisan matter, Presi-
ale
I speak of these matters here at Yale
dent Eisenhower then outspent President
is-
because of the self-evident truth that a great
Truman by the handsome figure of $182
university is always enlisted against the
billion. It is even possible, some think, that
d-
spread of illusion and on the side of reality.
this trend may continue.
irs
No one has said it more clearly than your
But does it follow from this that big
es
President Griswold: "Liberal learning is
government is growing relatively bigger?
both a safeguard against false ideas of free-
It does not-for the fact is for the last 15
n
dom and a source of true ones." Your role
years, the Federal Government-and also
as university men, whatever your calling,
the Federal debt-and also the Federal bu-
will be to increase each new generation's
reaucracy-have grown less rapidly than the
grasp of its duties.
economy as a whole. If we leave defense
There are three great areas of our domestic
and space expenditures aside, the Federal
affairs in which, today, there is a danger that
Government since the Second World War
illusion may prevent effective action. They
has expanded less than any other major sec-
are, first, the question of the size and the
tor of our national life-less than industry,
shape of government's responsibilities; sec-
less than commerce, less than agriculture,
47I
[234] June II
Public Papers of the Presidents
less than higher education, and very much
or in any careful assessment of the reality of
Moreover, debts,
less than the noise about big government.
our national finances. The administrative
neither good nor I
The truth about big government is the
budget has sound administrative uses. But
Borrowing can le
truth about any other great activity-it is
for wider purposes it is less helpful. It
collapse-but it
complex. Certainly it is true that size
omits our special trust funds and the effect
and strength. T!
brings dangers-but it is also true that size
that they have on our economy; it neglects
slogan in this fiel.
can bring benefits. Here at Yale which has
changes in assets or inventories. It cannot
Finally, I come
contributed so much to our national progress
tell a loan from a straight expenditure-and
fidence. Confide:
in science and medicine, it may be proper for
worst of all it cannot distinguish between
and also a matter
me to mention one great and little noticed
operating expenditures and long term invest-
me take the truth
It is true-and
expansion of government which has brought
ments.
strength to our whole society-the new role
This budget, in relation to the great prob-
the prosperity of 1
of our Federal Government as the major
lems of Federal fiscal policy which are basic
assurance that all
to our economy in 1962, is not simply irrele-
will live up to
patron of research in science and in medi-
cine. Few people realize that in 1961, in
vant; it can be actively misleading. And
business were to r
support of all university research in science
yet there is a mythology that measures all of
public, if labor w
and medicine, three dollars out of every four
our national soundness or unsoundness on
sponsibility, above
came from the Federal Government. I need
the single simple basis of this same annual
abandon its obvio
hardly point out that this has taken place
administrative budget. If our Federal
watchful concern
without undue enlargement of Government
budget is to serve not the debate but the
if any of these th
country, we must and will find ways of
confidence might
control-that American scientists remain
second to none in their independence and in
clarifying this area of discourse.
danger of stagnat
their individualism.
Still in the area of fiscal policy, let me say
is the true issue
But there is al
I am not suggesting that Federal expendi-
a word about deficits. The myth persists
tures cannot bring some measure of control.
that Federal deficits create inflation and
simplest form is
all unfavorable
The whole thrust of Federal expenditures in
budget surpluses prevent it. Yet sizeable
wheel-however
agriculture have been related by purpose and
budget surpluses after the war did not pre-
design to control, as a means of dealing with
vent inflation, and persistent deficits for the
plainly speculativ
last several years have not upset our basic
sult of, and I q'
the problems created by our farmers and our
in the national
growing productivity. Each sector, my
price stability. Obviously deficits are some-
point is, of activity must be approached on
times dangerous-and so are surpluses. But
must tell you,
its own merits and in terms of specific na-
honest assessment plainly requires a more
wholly true. W
which is also $
tional needs. Generalities in regard to Fed-
sophisticated view than the old and auto-
of mutual confic
eral expenditures, therefore, can be mislead-
matic cliche that deficits automatically bring
inflation.
nership of gover
ing-each case, science, urban renewal,
tors of our socie
education, agriculture, natural resources,
There are myths also about our public
each case must be determined on its merits
debt. It is widely supposed that this debt is
economic progre
Corporate plai
if we are to profit from our unrivaled ability
growing at a dangerously rapid rate. In
to combine the strength of public and private
fact, both the debt per person and the debt
confidence in P:
nomic confiden
purpose.
as a proportion of our gross national product
Next, let us turn to the problem of our
have declined sharply since the Second
to invest and pi
World War. In absolute terms the national
ness had full CC
fiscal policy. Here the myths are legion and
the truth hard to find. But let me take as
debt since the end of World War II has in-
tions in power
a prime example the problem of the Federal
creased only 8 percent, while private debt
1960-but this
budget. We persist in measuring our Fed-
was increasing 305 percent, and the debts of
recession when
dence in the e
eral fiscal integrity today by the conventional
State and local governments-on whom peo-
ple frequently suggest we should place addi-
the capacity of
or administrative budget-with results
deal with its
which would be regarded as absurd in any
tional burdens-the debts of State and local
business firm-in any country of Europe-
governments have increased 378 percent.
opportunities.
472
266-288 O TH
John F. Kennedy, 1962
June II [234]
reality of
Moreover, debts, public and private, are
The stereotypes I have been discussing dis-
inistrative
neither good nor bad, in and of themselves.
tract our attention and divide our effort.
uses. But
Borrowing can lead to over-extension and
These stereotypes do our Nation a disservice,
elpful. It
collapse-but it can also lead to expansion
not just because they are exhausted and ir-
the effect
and strength. There is no single, simple
relevant, but above all because they are mis-
it neglects
slogan in this field that we can trust.
leading-because they stand in the way of
It cannot
Finally, I come to the problem of con-
the solution of hard and complicated facts.
ture-and
fidence. Confidence is a matter of myth
It is not new that past debates should obscure
between
and also a matter of truth-and this time let
present realities. But the damage of such
rm invest-
me take the truth of the matter first.
a false dialogue is greater today than ever
It is true-and of high importance-that
before simply because today the safety of all
reat prob-
the prosperity of this country depends on the
the world-the very future of freedom—
are basic
assurance that all major elements within it
depends as never before upon the sensible
ply irrele-
will live up to their responsibilities. If
and clearheaded management of the do-
ng. And
business were to neglect its obligations to the
mestic affairs of the United States.
ires all of
public, if labor were blind to all public re-
The real issues of our time are rarely as
dness on
sponsibility, above all, if government were to
dramatic as the issues of Calhoun. The
ie annual
abandon its obvious-and statutory-duty of
differences today are usually matters of
Federal
watchful concern for our economic health-
degree. And we cannot understand and
but the
if any of these things should happen, then
attack our contemporary problems in 1962
ways of
confidence might well be weakened and the
if we are bound by traditional labels and
danger of stagnation would increase. This
wornout slogans of an earlier era. But the
t me say
is the true issue of confidence.
unfortunate fact of the matter is that our
persists
But there is also the false issue-and its
rhetoric has not kept pace with the speed
ion and
simplest form is the assertion that any and
of social and economic change. Our political
sizeable
all unfavorable turns of the speculative
debates, our public discourse-on current
not pre-
wheel-however temporary and however
domestic and economic issues-too often
for the
plainly speculative in character-are the re-
bear little or no relation to the actual prob-
ur basic
sult of, and I quote, "a lack of confidence
lems the United States faces.
re some-
in the national administration." This I
What is at stake in our economic decisions
es. But
must tell you, while comforting, is not
today is not some grand warfare of rival
a more
wholly true. Worse, it obscures the reality-
ideologies which will sweep the country
d auto-
which is also simple. The solid ground
with passion but the practical management
y bring
of mutual confidence is the necessary part-
of a modern economy. What we need is
nership of government with all of the sec-
not labels and cliches but more basic dis-
public
tors of our society in the steady quest for
cussion of the sophisticated and technical
debt is
economic progress.
questions involved in keeping a great eco-
ite. In
Corporate plans are not based on a political
nomic machinery moving ahead.
le debt
confidence in party leaders but on an eco-
The national interest lies in high em-
roduct
nomic confidence in the Nation's ability
ployment and steady expansion of output, in
Second
to invest and produce and consume. Busi-
stable prices, and a strong dollar. The
ational
ness had full confidence in the administra-
declaration of such an objective is easy; their
has in-
tions in power in 1929, 1954, 1958, and
attainment in an intricate and interdepend-
e debt
1960-but this was not enough to prevent
ent economy and world is a little more diffi-
ebts of
recession when business lacked full confi-
cult. To attain them, we require not some
m peo-
dence in the economy. What matters is
automatic response but hard thought. Let
addi-
the capacity of the Nation as a whole to
me end by suggesting a few of the real ques-
I local
deal with its economic problems and its
tions on our national agenda.
arcent.
opportunities.
First, how can our budget and tax policies
473
266-288 O 78 34
[234] June II
Public Papers of the Presidents
supply adequate revenues and preserve our
that we lose gold, yet there was no inflation
How can we devel
balance of payments position without slow-
following the deficit of 1958 nor has there
and stable world mar}
ing up our economic growth?
been inflation since then.
ties without unfairne:
Two, how are we to set our interest rates
Our wholesale price index since 1958 has
without undue stim
and regulate the flow of money in ways
remained completely level in spite of several
which will stimulate the economy at home,
deficits, because the loss of gold has been
How can we gener?
which can consume W
without weakening the dollar abroad?
due to other reasons: price instability, rela-
farms and in our fac
Given the spectrum of our domestic and
tive interest rates, relative export-import
balances, national security expenditures-all
take advantage of th
international responsibilities, what should be
tion with the great di
the mix between fiscal and monetary policy?
the rest.
Let me give several examples from my
Let me give you a third and final example.
upon highly skilled 1
experience of the complexity of these mat-
At the World Bank meeting in September,
ployment to the hal
ters and how political labels and ideological
a number of American bankers attending
school dropouts eacl
labor market, eight 1.
approaches are irrelevant to the solution.
predicted to their European colleagues that
Last week, a distinguished graduate of
because of the fiscal 1962 budget deficit,
1960's?
How do we eradic:
this school, Senator Proxmire, of the class of
there would be a strong inflationary pressure
on the dollar and a loss of gold. Their
separate substantial m
1938, who is ordinarily regarded as a liberal
from access to educatio
Democrat, suggested that we should follow
predictions of inflation were shared by many
in meeting our economic problems a stiff
in business and helped push the market up.
equal terms with the r.
The recent reality of noninflation helped
How, in sum, can "
fiscal policy, with emphasis on budget bal-
bring it down. We have had no inflation
omy work at full cap
ance and an easy monetary policy with low
because we have had other factors in our
adequate profits for
interest rates in order to keep our economy
going. In the same week, the Bank for
economy that have contributed to price
wages for labor, ad
plant, and opportunit
International Settlement in Basel, Switzer-
stability.
These are the probl
land, a conservative organization represent-
I do not suggest that the Government is
ing the central bankers of Europe suggested
right and they are wrong. The fact of the
talking about-that t}
that the appropriate economic policy in the
matter is in the Federal Reserve Board and
the various groups in
United States should be the very opposite;
in the administration this fall, a similar view
discussing. They ca.
cantations from the fo
that we should follow a flexible budget
was held by many well-informed and dis-
policy, as in Europe, with deficits when the
interested men that inflation was the major
example of Western I
economy is down and a high monetary
problem that we would face in the winter of
are capable of soluti
and many of them a:
policy on interest rates, as in Europe, in
1962. But it was not. What I do suggest
is that these problems are endlessly compli-
ments, prepared to f:
order to control inflation and protect goals.
without ideological I
Both may be right or wrong. It will depend
cated and yet they go to the future of this
ordinate the elements
on many different factors.
country and its ability to prove to the world
and bring about gro
The point is that this is basically an ad-
what we believe it must prove.
decade of it.
ministrative or executive problem in which
I am suggesting that the problems of fiscal
Some conversation
political labels or cliches do not give us a
and monetary policies in the sixties as op-
own country sound
solution.
posed to the kinds of problems we faced in
A well-known business journal this morn-
the thirties demand subtle challenges for
playing, left over fr.
The debate of the
ing, as I journeyed to New Haven, raised the
which technical answers, not political an-
significance and pro
prospects that a further budget deficit would
swers, must be provided. These are matters
it took place in a di
bring inflation and encourage the flow of
upon which government and business may
ferent needs and dif
gold. We have had several budget deficits
and in many cases will disagree. They are
certainly matters that government and busi-
responsibility today 1.
beginning with a $12½ billion deficit in
1958, and it is true that in the fall of 1960
ness should be discussing in the most sober,
we had a gold dollar loss running at $5
dispassionate, and careful way if we are
billion annually. This would seem to prove
to maintain the kind of vigorous economy
the case that a deficit produces inflation and
upon which our country depends.
474
John F. Kennedy, 1962
June II [234]
How can we develop and sustain strong
and to identify the needs and discharge the
and stable world markets for basic commodi-
tasks of the 1960's.
is
ties without unfairness to the consumer and
If there is any current trend toward meet-
without undue stimulus to the producer?
ing present problems with old cliches, this
How can we generate the buying power
is the moment to stop it-before it lands us
which can consume what we produce on our
all in a bog of sterile acrimony.
farms and in our factories? How can we
Discussion is essential; and I am hopeful
take advantage of the miracles of automa-
that the debate of recent weeks, though up
tion with the great demand that it will put
to now somewhat barren, may represent the
upon highly skilled labor and yet offer em-
start of a serious dialog of the kind which
ployment to the half million of unskilled
has led in Europe to such fruitful collabora-
school dropouts each year who enter the
tion among all the elements of economic
labor market, eight million of them in the
society and to a decade of unrivaled eco-
1960's?
nomic progress. But let us not engage in
How do we eradicate the barriers which
the wrong argument at the wrong time be-
separate substantial minorities of our citizens
tween the wrong people in the wrong coun-
from access to education and employment on
try-while the real problems of our own
equal terms with the rest?
time grow and multiply, fertilized by our
How, in sum, can we make our free econ-
neglect.
omy work at full capacity-that is, provide
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson
adequate profits for enterprise, adequate
wrote, "The new circumstances under which
wages for labor, adequate utilization of
we are placed call for new words, new
plant, and opportunity for all?
phrases, and for the transfer of old words
These are the problems that we should be
to new objects." New words, new phrases,
talking about-that the political parties and
the transfer of old words to new objects-
the various groups in our country should be
that is truer today than it was in the time
discussing. They cannot be solved by in-
of Jefferson, because the role of this country
cantations from the forgotten past. But the
is so vastly more significant. There is a
example of Western Europe shows that they
show in England called "Stop the World, I
are capable of solution-that governments,
Want to Get Off." You have not chosen to
and many of them are conservative govern-
exercise that option. You are part of the
ments, prepared to face technical problems
world and you must participate in these
without ideological preconceptions, can co-
days of our years in the solution of the prob-
ordinate the elements of a national economy
lems that pour upon us, requiring the most
and bring about growth and prosperity-a
sophisticated and technical judgment; and
decade of it.
as we work in consonance to meet the au-
Some conversations I have heard in our
thentic problems of our times, we will gen-
own country sound like old records, long-
erate a vision and an energy which will
playing, left over from the middle thirties.
demonstrate anew to the world the superior
The debate of the thirties had its great
vitality and the strength of the free society.
significance and produced great results, but
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:30 a.m. on the Old
it took place in a different world with dif-
Campus after being awarded an honorary degree of
ferent needs and different tasks. It is our
Doctor of Laws. His opening words referred to
responsibility today to live in our own world,
A. Whitney Griswold, President of the University.
475
The John F. Kennedy Library and Museum
Clinton Presidential Records
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Office of the First Lady
Ph: (202) 456-6266
Fax: (202) 456-6244
To: Shelly Sommer
Phone No.: 617/436-9986
Fax No.: 617/436-3395
,
From: Robbic Sheen
No. of pages (including cover): 1
Comments: weile l's love to See you
mine in town. Let
find a time that walks In
he knuw plans asap So we can
57th of us.
One,
Robbie
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. letter
Shelley Sommer to Bobbie Greene [partial] (1 page)
06/16/1998
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Bobbie Greene
OA/Box Number: 14742
FOLDER TITLE:
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library [1]
2012-0872-S
rc888
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
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RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIBRARY FOUNDATION
June 16, 1998
Ms. Bobbie Greene
Office of the First Lady
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Bobbie,
[001]
P6/(b)(6)
Also, Bobbie, thank you for your note about the Profile in Courage Award. It is really
an exciting project, and Nickolas Murnion, this year's recipient, had such a compelling
story. 1 enclosed a copy of his acceptance speech which was quite moving.
I am going to try to come to Washington sometime in July or August for a couple of
days to meet with several people who are helpful to me during my annual candidate
search. It would be so great if we could say hello - even if you only had a couple of
free moments. If it is okay, I'll give you a call soon to see if we can arrange something.
I'm so thrilled for you that you are in such an exciting position and hope that you,
and your boys, are doing well.
Sincerely,
Jhelley Shelley Sommer
Director
Profile in Courage Award
Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 617.436.9986 617.436.3395 (fax) http://www.cs.um.edu/ifklibary/ndex.htm
REMARKS OF GARFIELD COUNTY ATTORNEY NICKOLAS C. MURNION
1998 PROFILE IN COURAGE AWARD RECIPIENT
MAY 29, 1998
Members of the President's family, Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Library
Foundation, family and friends.
I was both shocked and delighted four weeks ago when Caroline Kennedy called
me in a little town in Montana to give me the great news that I had been selected as this
years John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage recipient. I had a vague awareness of the award
but my first reaction was disbelief. I couldn't figure out how I could be selected for such
prestigious honor when I had no idea I was even being considered. I will also admit that at
the time I was almost more in awe in talking with Caroline Kennedy than in getting the
great news about the award.
My first recollection of any political race was in 1960 when at the age of 7 I asked
to see pictures in the newspaper of who was running for President of the United States.
My first impression was that there was no question I would have voted for John F.
Kennedy. Later I remember a schoolteacher telling us to remember the Kennedy
presidency as having made some of the most eloquent speeches in our time. Looking back
at those speeches now I believe she was right. The Kennedy presidency was one that I
remember very fondly for the ideals expressed and the vision of a future where everyone
could share in the American Dream. Politics was a noble profession to which a young
person could aspire.
One of my biggest honors in being chosen to receive this award is to represent the
Big Sky State of Montana. Apparently John F. Kennedy also was fond of our state.
When he addressed the Montana Democratic convention in 1960, he quoted Thoreau:
"Eastward I only go by force, Westward I go free." Then he added, "That is why I have
come to Montana."
President Kennedy's last stop was in Great Falls on September 26, 1963 where he
closed his final speech by saying: "This sun in this sky which shines over Montana can be,
Page 1
I believe, the kind of inspiration to us all to recognize what a great single country we have -
- 50 separate states but one people living here in the United States, building this country
and maintaining the watch around the globe. This is the opportunity before us as well as
the responsibility."
As I appear before you today in the great state of Massachusetts and in this
historical city of Boston I am proud to be part of these 50 great states. My experience the
last five years in dealing with the Montana Freemen has instilled in me a great appreciation
for our democratic form of government. Until you have to fight for your government you
tend to take it for granted. In 1994 in a small county in Montana with only 1,500 residents
and one sheriff and one deputy, our people had to make a decision to take a stand against
30 armed insurrectionists which put their own lives and property at risk. Even with the
knowledge of the risks, 80 people signed up to assist law enforcement in whatever was
needed to be done to deal with a situation which was rapidly escalating into an armed
confrontation. In accepting this award I wish to acknowledge the courage of those 80
people and of the rest of the community which overwhelmingly condemned this movement.
In "Profiles in Courage" I was struck by the stands taken by different people in history
which left them alone to fight the battle. Everyone seemed to desert them at one time or
another. I never felt completely alone in this struggle. I had the people of Garfield County
for support. I had Attorney General Joe Mazurek assisting on behalf of the State of
Montana. When times got real bad I knew I could always call on Senator Max Baucus for
help.
The story of Edmund G. Ross who cast the deciding vote in stopping the
impeachment of President Andrew Johnson particularly touched me. Ross voted against
the impeachment to save the Union against those who wanted to continue the struggles
brought on by the Civil War. Years later the Kansas newspapers finally praised the actions
of Ross. "By the firmness and courage of Senator Ross, it was said, the country was
saved from calamity greater than war, while it consigned him into a political martyrdom,
Page 2
the most cruel in our history Ross was the victim of a wild flame of intolerance which
swept everything before it. He did his duty knowing it meant his political death It was a
brave thing for Ross to do, but Ross did it. He acted for his conscience and with a lofty
patriotism, regardless of what he knew must be the ruinous consequences to himself. He
acted right." There is a growing wave of intolerance in this country by those groups,
which call themselves patriots, militias, constitutionalists, common law courts, posse
commitatus, and freemen. Their numbers are estimated at between 5 and 20 million. They
appear to be the disenfranchised Americans who believe that government has gotten so
corrupt that the only solution is revolution. They were not taken very seriously until the
Oklahoma City bombing. They have not gone away although their movement has gone
more underground. They will be back with the same hate-filled message filled with
scapegoats and conspiracy theories for all their problems.
As a prosecutor I am not sure I did anything in this situation that any other
prosecutor in America would not have done. Everyday all across this country men and
women in law enforcement put their lives on the line to enforce the law so that the rest of us
can live in peace. They are the true unsung heroes.
For many months before the FBI finally came to Garfield County, we tried to
devise ways to serve our arrest warrants on fugitives residing in an armed camp. In those
meetings I learned the immense pressure felt by our leaders when they have to send men
into harms way. The decision to make any attempt to serve our arrest warrants could
result in the death of lawenforcement personnel and in those people you previously
considered to be your friends and neighbors. Most importantly you learn that contrary to
the television and the movie portrayals, sending armed men into an armed camp almost
always results in something going wrong. I also learned that those in law enforcement
who are trained to take these actions are much like you and I. They are married with
families and their biggest desire is to go back to their families. I salute all of the fine men
and women in the F.B.I. who came to our aid in Garfield County. I also want us to
Page 3
remember F.B.I. agent Kevin Cramer who lost his life in an automobile accident on his
way to the standoff area. He left behind a wife and two small children and we should not
forget that we did have a fatality caused by the standoff.
I want to share this honor with the people of the great state of Montana who have
over the past few years had to deal with different types of hate groups in different
communities. In almost every case, the communities have come to together to condemn the
hate motivated activities. In Billings we had the wonderful example of a community
showing support by placing menorahs in the windows of hundreds of homes after a Jewish
family had a brick thrown through their window.
In other parts of Montana we have had other Freemen type activity in which law
enforcement has vigorously prosecuted. Lately we had a fire set on one of our Hutterite
colonies, which has led to condemnation by our congressman and an intensive criminal
investigation.
In Billings, Montana a campaign to deal with hate groups used the message "Not in
our Town." In Garfield County the message our people sent was clear, "Not in our
County." In the State of Montana I am proud to say we have sent a message -"Not in our
State." I stand before you today in the great state of Massachusetts and say "Not in this
Country." Those groups who look with envious eyes at the vast open spaces of Montana
with the idea of making it some type of refuge for white supremacists need to understand:
We know about you and your hate filled ideas. We will expose the truth about you and the
truth will defeat you. To the rest of America let Montana be an example of how hate can be
conquered.
Finally I share this award with my wife and children who have had to endure the
threats for the past 5 years. They have quietly stood by me and I thank them for that. I am
deeply honored to accept this award and hope that I can live up to the ideals behind it each
day of the rest of my life.
Page 4
Bobbie
soing pyr lipstick
THE WHITE HOUSE
June 15, 1998
Mr. Edwin Schlossberg
Edwin Schlossberg Incorporated
641 Sixth Avenue
New York, New York 10011
Dear Ed:
Thank you so very much for the wonderful tour of the
Kennedy Library. It was interesting and informative and will
assist us greatly as our plans continue to go forward. And, it
was good being with you again.
The letter Jackie wrote to Bill Walton was a special
surprise and a gift I will treasure always. I am most grateful.
With warm regards to you and Caroline, I remain
Sincerely yours,
Hillary Hillary Rodham Clinton
THE WHITE HOUSE
Boffie PYR I
June 15, 1998
Pan
Mr. Edwin Schlossberg
Edwin Schlossberg Incorporated
641 Sixth Avenue
New York, New York 10011
Dear Ed:
Thank you so very much for the wonderful tour of the
Kennedy Library. It was interesting and informative and will
assist us greatly as our plans continue to go forward. And, it
was good being with you again.
The letter Jackie wrote to Bill Walton was a special
surprise and a gift I will treasure always. I am most grateful.
With warm regards to you and Caroline, I remain
Sincerely yours,
Hillary Hillary Rodham Clinton
THE WHITE HOUSE
1989 Silvio
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