Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
55030758
label
MV Correspondence January to June 1995 I [loose] [3]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
55030758
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
MV Correspondence January to June 1995 I [loose] [3]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the First Lady's Office (Clinton Administration)
Melanne Verveer's Correspondence files
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
55030758
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
otherTitles
42219139-20130534S-004-003-2016
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
cf23a645a84e775d
ocrText
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
I
Divider Title:
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 21, 1995
Dr. Attiya Inayatullah
Chairperson
UNESCO Executive Board
7, Place de Fontenoy
75352 Paris 07-SP
Dear Dr. Inayatullah:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you for
writing and for sending UNESCO's 1992-94
Report. We have also received your comments
about the U.S. rejoining UNESCO and your
desire for the Administration to maintain its
pro-choice stance on matters relating to
reproductive health. She enjoyed seeing you
during her visit to Pakistan.
Thank you again for following up so
quickly on these matters of concern to you,
and best wishes in the important work that
you do.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
INTERNATIONAL PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION
ATTIYA INAYATULLAH
CHAIRPERSON
London:
Pakistan
Regent's College,
3-A, Temple Road,
Inner Circle, Regent's Park,
Lahore . 54000, Pakistan
London, NW1 4NS
Phones6306183 - 212999
Telex: 919573 IPEPEE G
Telex : 44877 PEARL PK
Fax : 71-487 7950
Fax : 92 - 42 - 6368692
R
UNESCO
Executive Board
Consejo Ejecutivo
sinill
vulall
Conseil exécutif
Исполнительный coBeT
the
TT
REJ
7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07-SP
telephone:
national (1) 45.68.10.00
international + (33.1) 45.68.10.00
cables:
UNESCO Paris
telex:
204461 Paris
270602 Paris
telefax:
44.49.99.16
The Chairperson
reference:
27th March'95
Dear
this Hillary Rodham Clauton, Madon,
Amongst others, Archibald Macleash wrote UNESCO's Constitution to read "since wars begin
in the minds of men it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed."
Thus mandated, UNESCO in the post cold war world has for the attainment of a culture of
peace identified four broad strategies:
o
education for all and literacy
peace building through the promotion of intellectual co-operation.
respect for human rights and democracy
human development and environmental protection
Enclosed is UNESCO 1992-94 Report. Attached also is an article by Catherine O'neill, one of
the US Observer Group sent to the 145th October'94 session of the Board, may I re-iterate that
UNESCO is indeed "worth the trouble".
UNESCO's mission is a grand one: to build a world of peace and tolerance through
international co-operation in education, science, culture and communication. The task is arduous, but
the challenge fully accepted by the 188 member states of UNESCO.
As expected, under the leadership of President Clinton, the United States of America is well
aware that it must resume its rightful place in UNESCO, where the future of mankind is being carefully
chiselled.
As Chairperson and on behalf of the Board, may I convey our expectation that during the
forthcoming General Conference and on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of UNESCO - 16th
November'95, President Clinton will in person announces the return of USA to UNESCO. To this
historic occasion we look forward.
I am available for any further consultations you may desire.
Yours sincerely,
Enclosure: As above
Dr. (Mrs.) Attiya Inayatullah,
Chairperson, UNESCO Executive Board
Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton,
First Lady of USA,
Lahore.
INTERNATIONAL PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION
REGENT'S COLLEGE, INNER CIRCLE, REGENT'S PARK, LONDON NW1 4NS
TELEPHONE (0171) 486 0741
FACSIMILE: (0171) 487 7950
TELEX: 919573 IPEPEE G
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE ACCESS +44171
27.3.95.
Dear the Hillary Rodham Clinton Madam.
On behalf of the IPPF may I convey to USA's pro-choice President and
environmentalist Vice-President that you have the firm and unequivocal support of the 136
affiliates of this organization. We applaud reversal of the Mexico policy and appreciate the
decision of the United States Government to make effective through USAID support to IPPF at
the global level.
Our only request to you, Madam, is that the agreement is not curtailed due to the
recent change in Congress and is unencumbered of a negative list of countries, be it China
on human rights or Pakistan under Pressler. In this context, you more so than any person
understand that NGO's, autonomous, representative bodies of the people, should not be
drawn into inter-government political considerations.
The family planning constituency derives hope from the dramatic and positive change
displayed by the Clinton administration, and for our part we accept the challenge that
reproductive choice is made a universal reality by the year 2000.
Thanking you in anticipation,
Yours sincerely,
Enclosure: IPPF Report &
UNFPA Population Monitor
Dr. (Mrs.) Attiya Inayatullah,
Chairperson Central Council
Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton,
First Lady of USA,
Lahore.
Honorary Officers: President: Dr Fred T Sai (Ghana) Chairperson, Central Council: Dr Attiya Inayatullah (Pakistan)
Chairperson, Central Executive Committee: Dr David Nowlan (Ireland) Treasurer: Mr Toufic Osseiran (Lebanon)
Secretary General: Dr Halfdan Mahler
IPPF International Alliance for Planned Parenthood:
Mrs Gro Harlem Brundtland, Sir Shridath Ramphal, Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, Madame Simone Veil
Incorporated by Act of Parliament 1977 Registered Charity No. 229476 VAT Registration No. 242 6693 51
Los Angeles Times
Commentary
Dee 28.
political points in the United States. Office-holders
spent by educating people about democracy, human
UNESCO Is Worth the Trouble
don't get re-elected for supporting it; same lose
rights and tolerance.
because they do. Yet in this complex world, how would
As a U.S. government-appointed observer to the
we function without U.N. institutions in place that
recent UNESCO board meeting, I was struck by how
United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural
bring us together to talk about common problems?
much of UNESCO's mandate meshed with the work
By rejoining, the United
Organization. UNESCO is the agency working to bring
Does it cost us not to be a part of UNESCO? I think it
being undertaken by the U.S. Agency for International
States would affirm to
together networks of scientists so that whole nations
does. This is another missed opportunity to
Development. Some of those AID programs could be
are not trapped in new forms of illiteracy-scientific,
demonstrate with actions that we mean what our
performed under the U.N. insignia.
the world its beliefs in
technological and computer illiteracy. It is the agency
words say. When officials at the State Department or
Many U.N. agencies, including UNESCO, have
democracy, human
that identifies the world's most precious historical,
in the White House speak of U.S. foreign-policy goals,
serious management problems. The U.S. goal should
cultural and environmental sites and tries to educate
they talk of supporting democracy and human rights
be to make them perform better, and this is more
rights and a free press.
people living near them to respect what they have and
around the world, of working for a free press
easily done from the inside. We in the United States
to encourage economic incentives to preserve them.
internationally and of giving women a chance to
have to learn to work with countries in new
By CATHERINE O'NEILL
develop themselves. Those are the goals expressed
Of the world's nations, 182 are UNESCO members.
partnerships and see international humanitarian and
around the UNESCO board table. In another era, we
When the United States withdrew in 1984, UNESCO,
development work through new prisms. The failure of
would have fought to join with those who were
the United Nations militarily in Bosnia should not
T
he United Nations is on the ropes. Its
like much of the Cold War world, had a polarized
working to shape young minds across the globe to
"peacekeeping" in Bosnia never kept the peace
cause us to abandon other aspects of U.N. work.
membership, talked of licensing journalists and
confront the issues of the 21st Century. Not now.
and U.N. "protective forces" were not able to
Despite the substantive and international political
trampling with the free flow of information. Its
The reason given for the U.S. failure to re-enter
stop attacks on relief convoys.
reasons to rejoin UNESCO, the United States probably
leadership was charged with financial cronyism. Since
UNESCO has been that "we don't have the money."
won't. Some new money might be found to support
But assessing the value of the United Nations in
then, the world has changed and so has UNESCO. The
Yet, we recently announced that we can find $25
favored programs that UNESCO is undertaking, but in
mili
ms misses much of where the United
U.S. General Accounting Office reports that the
billion more for defense. UNESCO members get
the polarized Washington of today, a skittish
Nations' value lies. Caring for immunization of the
problems that caused our departure have been
irritated when they hear the United States, the world's
Administration wanting to pick its struggles carefully:
world's children, getting relief to refugees and
resolved. Editors and publishers, leading educators
richest superpower, plead poverty. They know that if
will likely decide, as I was told at the National Security
workin to protect the oceans signal the way nations
and distinguished American scientists and Nobel
there was a will, the money which could amount to
Council, "UNESCO's not worth the trouble." Too bad.
come together in the United Nations.
laureates have called for the United States to rejoin.
$100 million a year-could be found. Americans have
There is only one United Nations banner under
But we have not.
spent hundreds of millions this past year responding to
Catherine σ Neill of Los Angeles does refugee and
which the United States does not participate: the
Why? The United Nations gets you very few
world tragedy. Some of that money might be better
humanitarian work with U.N. organizations.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
J
Divider Title:
THE WHITE HOUSE
(morth
WASHINGTON
letters
May 18, 1995
Ms. P. Jamuna
c/o ASMITA
H. No.42, Road No.2
West Marredpalll
Secunderbad 26
India
Dear Ms. Jamuna:
I understand that when Mrs. Clinton
spoke recently to the InterAction Annual
Forum she talked about her trip to South Asia
without specifically mentioning her
experience in India. This omission was
inadvertant, as Mrs. Clinton has spoken
often, eloquently and with great admiration
of the people she met in India.
Since returning to the U.S., the First
Lady has talked to numerous audiences and
written about her experience at SEWA in
Ahmedabad in particular. She intended to do
so again in her speech at the InterAction
Forum. If she did not, it was completely
inadvertant.
Sincerely,
Jeen
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 18, 1995
Ms. Pramila Swain
FARR, MUNIGADA
AT/PO. MUNIGADA
DIST. RAYAGADA (ORISSA)
PIN. 765020
India
Dear Ms. Swain:
I understand that when Mrs. Clinton
spoke recently to the InterAction Annual
Forum she talked about her trip to South Asia
without specifically mentioning her
experience in India. This omission was
inadvertant, as Mrs. Clinton has spoken
often, eloquently and with great admiration
of the people she met in India.
Since returning to the U.S., the First
Lady has talked to numerous audiences and
written about her experience at SEWA in
Ahmedabad in particular. She intended to do
so again in her speech at the InterAction
Forum. If she did not, it was completely
inadvertant.
Sincerely,
Num Melanne Verveer
Jeen
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 18, 1995
Dr. Nirmala Pandit
NCAS
20 Anurekha Society
Navaahyadri Colony
Pune 411 052
India
Dear Dr. Pandit:
I understand that when Mrs. Clinton
spoke recently to the InterAction Annual
Forum she talked about her trip to South Asia
without specifically mentioning her
experience in India. This omission was
inadvertant, as Mrs. Clinton has spoken
often, eloquently and with great admiration
of the people she met in India.
Since returning to the U.S., the First
Lady has talked to numerous audiences and
written about her experience at SEWA in
Ahmedabad in particular. She intended to do
so again in her speech at the InterAction
Forum. If she did not, it was completely
inadvertant.
Sincerely,
Me Verveer
Dear
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 18, 1995
Ms. Sudha Ramalingam
21 Tamil Street
Padmanaba Nagar
Madras 600 094
India
Dear Ms. Ramalingam:
I understand that when Mrs. Clinton
spoke recently to the InterAction Annual
Forum she talked about her trip to South Asia
without specifically mentioning her
experience in India. This omission was
inadvertant, as Mrs. Clinton has spoken
often, eloquently and with great admiration
of the people she met in India.
Since returning to the U.S., the First
Lady has talked to numerous audiences and
written about her experience at SEWA in
Ahmedabad in particular. She intended to do
so again in her speech at the InterAction
Forum. If she did not, it was completely
inadvertant.
Sincerely,
me Dear
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
PAGE 01
UU HOLDEEN INDIA PR
05/18/1995 12:27 2023379199
To Nicole Radner
4 Pago
From Cathy Sreedher
Pe Indian women who attended
Interaction lunch
Per conversation, I'm attaching
the list of the 4 women also
should receive the letter you wrote.
The list in dudes all the Advocacy
Fellows; I've cincled to maneo
and addresses of the women-
Thanks So much & your
thought Julses a following of
Advocacy Institute
1995 India Advocacy Fellows Program
FELLOWS
Ms. P. Jamuna
c/o ASMITA
H. No. 42, Road No. 2
West Marredpalli
Secunderabad 26
India
Jamuna is an independent organizer whose strength and interest lies in mobilizing, coalition building and
training rural women. She has worked as a journalist representing women's and democratic rights
movements. She was also active in an anti-Arrak (alcohol), and anti-Sati campaign in Delhi and
Hyderabad. (Sati is the self-immolation of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre.)
Dr. R. Madhu Sudan Raju
Andhrs Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee (APCLC)
20, Osmania University Staff Quarters
Osmania University Campus
Hyderabad 7
India
Dr. Raju is the Secretary of the Hyderabad Unit of Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee (APCLC).
His work with civil liberties has focused on dowry deaths, indiscriminate killings by the state, workers'
rights and industrial pollution. Dr. Raju has been a Chemistry Professor at Osmania University for the
past 12 years.
to
Ms. Pramila Swain
FARR, MUNIGADA
hr tunes again - NY
Nettelans
AT/PO. MUNIGADA
Bolon
DIST. RAYAGADA (ORISSA)
PIN. 765020
India
Pramila is a grassroots leader with 23 years experience. In the past, she worked on integrated rural
development as a field officer with Oxfam Since 1983, she has worked as a women's activist in Orissa.
Pramila's work focuses on social justice and development for the rural poor, specifically the equitable
allocation of natural resources found On tribal lands in Orissa and the displacement of tribal peoples.
CE6T/8T/90
all
Mr. Sharad Joshi
CECOEDECON
betting
6/6/369 H.I.G. Flats
Pratap Nagar, Sanganer
Jaipur 303 906
India
Sharad is a co-founder and the Chief Functionary of the Centre for Community Economics and
Development Consultants Society (CECOEDECON). Established in 1982, CECOEDECON's main
emphasis is community-based economic development in a sustainable bio-regional development context.
Sharad has helped establish a coalition to deal with drought-related issues. He is interested in how to
strengthen and sustain coalitions.
Dr. Nirmala Pandit
2+
National Centre for Advocacy Studies (NCAS)
20 Anurekha Society
Navsabyadri Colony
Pune 411 052
India
Nirmala is the Executive Director of the National Centre for Advocacy Studies (NCAS). NCAS is a
training and research institute engaged in public advocacy. Nirmala's work has addressed voter
awareness, consumer rights and bonded labor. She has been a lecturer in Human Rights at the
University of Poona since 1985.
Mr. John Samuel
National Centre for Advocacy Studies (NCAS)
20 Anurekha Society
Navsahyadri Colony
Pune 411 052
India
John is a Programme Coordinator with NCAS focusing on networking and outreach. His experience as
a student activist includes campaigns against a hydro-electric project in Silent Valley, the privatization
of professional educational institutions, and fundamentalist elements in the Christian churches of Kerala.
In 1994, John started working with children in three slum areas of Pune.
Now
Ms. Sudha Ramalingam
Assin
21 Tamil Street
Padmanaba Nagar
Madras 600 094
Imawalit
India
Sudha is currently involved in strengthening the human rights movement in the state of Tamilnadu.
particularly focusing on human rights violations against women, housing rights, custodial deaths, prison
reform and environmental issues. She is interested in how to educate the public about human rights,
especially women's rights. Sudha has been an Advocate for the Madras High Court for 18 years.
Mr. Bhimsi Ahir
VIKAS Centre for Development
Shree Apartments, Opp. University hostels
Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009
Gujarat, India
Bhimsi has been with VIKAS since 1981 and is currently a Field Coordinator with a rural development
program. His work in Jambusar's saline-waste land focuses on how the region's abject poverty,
underemployment and forced migration can be alleviated through better utilization of public resources.
Bhimsi is interested in how to build and sustain coalitions and to more equitably allocate natural
resources to the poor.
Dr. Hanif Lakdawala US2X
Sanchetana
G/2, Raksha Apartments
Azed Society
Ahmedabad 380 015
India
Hanif is the founding Director of Sanchetana, a Community Health and Research Centre. His work with
Sanchetana and other clinics since 1977 centers on improving the quality of life for urban slum dwellers,
especially women, particularly in regard to issues surrounding health, water and sanitation. Hanif is now
focusing on building a network of liberal secular Muslims to reform fundamentalist Islam from within.
Mr. Milind Kokje
A/6, Navyog Apartments
loud togo
Vishwa Karma Marg
Nahur, Mulund
Bombay 400 080
India
Milind is a reporter for The Times of India covering developments in the State Government. In addition
to 14 years of journalism experience, his background includes work with documentaries, theatre and the
spread of affordable books to the poor. Milind is the resource person on media advocacy for India's
National Centre for Advocacy Studies. He is interested in the strategic planning of media campaigns
and how to get more coverage of NGOs in the media.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 17, 1995
Mr. Pupul Jayakar
Indian National Trust for Art
and Cultural Heritage
Himat Niwas
31 Dongarsi Road
Bombay 400 006
INDIA
Dear Mr. Jayakar:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you for
writing and inviting Mrs. Clinton to visit
your festival during her visit to India.
Unfortunately, Mrs. Clinton's schedule for
the trip is already very full.
Thanks again for writing and best wishes
in the important work that you do.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
I
N
T
A
C
H
Chairman
Pupul:Jayakar
Bombay
February 9: 1995
Dear Tw3 Chuton,
We were extremely pleased to learn from Mrs. Moynihan
last month of your forthcoming visit to India. We see
in your visit a reaffirmation of the warm friendship
between the peoples of our two countries and la reflection
of your keen interest in people-oriented development
programmes.
The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural
Heritage (INTACH) was founded in January 1984 at the
instance of our late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi,
as a national level, non-government, non-profit organisation
for making strategic interventions for the conservation of
our natural and cultural heritage Our founder Chairman
was the then Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi.
In the ten years of its existence INTACH can take pride
in being responsible for creating widespread awareness of
heritage issues and bringing these issues into the national
agenda. INTACH has built a wide network of almost two
hundred regional and local Chapters to focus on location,
specific issues and catalyse heritage conservation activity
at the grassroots. It has initiated and implemented major
heritage conservation projects and has nurtured a. very
Targe group of multi-disciplinary resource personnel to be
able to render specialised services to organisations con-
cerned with heritage conservation. I enclose a copy of
our latest Annual Report to give you some idèa of our
current activities and concerns.
The tribal people of India, who are the country's
oldest indigenous inhabitants, constitute a large segment
of India's population. Although in terms of conventional
indices these tribal communities would be seen as among
the poorest, the wealth of their heritage can make them the
forerunners of an alternative paradigm of development.
The state of Orissa, in the eastern part of India has
an extraordinary mix of different tribal communities.
Al though many of these communities live under conditions of
2
The Indian National Trust for Art-and Cultural Heritage
Himat Niwas, 31 Dongarsi Road: Bombay 400 006 Tel. 362 7817
N
T
A
C
H
Chairman
Púpul Jayakar
1F2-
extreme economic deprivation, they offer at the same
time some of the richest resources of artisanal and
craft traditions. In view of the potential offered
by this part of the country in general, and the tribal
communities in particular, INTACH has pioneered a' multi-
disciplinary project which aims at offering a model of
economic development centred around the cultural heritage
of the region. The project has been undertaken by
INTACH at the invitation of the Government of Orissa.
An outline of the project is enclosed.
As a part of the project a major cultural festival
of the tribalVarts is being organised in the tribal
habitat of Koraput, which constitutes literally the
heart of tribal India. We enclose the detailed pro-
gramme of the festival along with its Workshops, Symposia
and performances. We would all feel greatly honoured
by your presence at the festival on any day convenient to
you, during your visit to India.
We feel that our festival could provide a direct and
first hand experience of the tribals and their diverse
cultural wealth. It could also provide insights into
grassroot programmes for enabling and empowering people
trying to redefine their place in a changing world.
Your visit to a tribal festival in a tribal habitat
will be a gesture conveying the sensitivity of your con-
cern for an economically deprived but culturally wealthy
section of the Indian population. Your presence
would,
at the same time, help us enormously in bringing to the
notice of the world an extremely valuable but endangered
heritage
milli hards
Yours sincerely
Pubicl sumber
(PUPUL JAYAKAR)
Mrs. Hilary Clinton
The White House
The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
Himat Niwas /31 Dongarsi Road, Bombay 400 006 Tel. 362 781
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 15, 1995
Ms. Lone Jensen
Tranevej 6, Himmelev
4000 Roskilde
DENMARK
Dear Ms. Jensen:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you for
writing and for giving her information on the
Medie Dronningerne project. It appears to be
a very interesting undertaking and I hope it
will be successful.
Thanks again for writing and best
wishes.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Verveer chen
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
K
Divider Title:
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 18, 1995
Mr. Harry Kaiser
The Kaiser Company
P.O. Box 151348
Columbus, OH 43215
Dear Harry:
Thank you for your letter. I will be
sure to share your wisdom with the key folks
here. I think you're so right on this and
everything else!
"Mike" said he had a great time with
you. Thanks.
Love to Love to me
Sincerely, Melan
family
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
The
K
AISER
Company
Sender
P.O. Box 151348
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(614) 221-3682
R
12
From Harry Kaiser
5/8/95
Melanne
Herbert has hit the mail right
on the head This is the heart of
the matter
The President needs to be very tough
Japan auto parts. If h doea take
strong action, Le must then come out
to the industrial Midwest and transpet
his tough action. This will help immensely,
particularly with the anti- NAFTA Crowd
The Previlent should not be dissusided
from taking a story stone by the eastern
editorial boards n academic free traders
- (over)
Havey
By the way, I had a great unit
with Michael in Madison. He is
a very impressive young men -- but
still the some Michael.
I hope the Uhraine trip was everything
you hyped for
H
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 16, 1995
Ms. Tobey Kaplan
California Poets in the Schools
870 Market Street, Suite 1148
San Francisco, CA 94102
Dear Ms. Kaplan:
Thank you very much for sharing with me
the California Poets in the Schools twenty-
fifth anniversary issue, The Boy Who Heard A
Voice. I look forward to reading it.
Good luck in the important work you do.
Best wishes.
Sincerely,
menu Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
CALIFORNIA
POETS IN THE
SCHOOLS
CULTIVATING CHILDREN'S IMAGINATION FOR THIRTY YEARS
FACT SHEET
Answers to the most commonly asked questions about California Poets in the Schools
How much does it cost?
California Poets in the Schools ("CPITS") residencies are designed to fit the needs and budgets of individual schools
and the students they serve. Cost can range from $350 (for a 5-session, 1 classroom pilot program) to $10,000 and
more for school-wide, year-long residencies.
CPITS poet-teachers work as independent contractors. Their fees range from $60 to $85 per session, depending on
the number of years they have been in the program, and their level of expertise. Thus. the cost of a residency may be
negotiated with the individual.
We recommend that a poet spend at least five sessions with any one group of students; eight to ten sessions is even
more effective. Also, it's to the advantage of the poet-teacher to work with two or more classes during any visit to a
particular school.
What happens during a CPITS workshop?
Each workshop session is usually 50 minutes to one hour long, during which time the poet-teacher will meet with
students in their regular classroom, with the classroom teacher present. Typically, the poet meets with each class
once a week for the length of the residency, though other arrangements can be made to accommodate the school
schedule, the poet's availability, and the classroom teacher's plans.
The purpose of CPITS workshops is to encourage students to write and the emphasis is on exploration of the
creative process rather than the product — though students will usually produce poems in every workshop session.
In a typical session, the poet-teacher will present model poems from contemporary literature, along with his or her
own work and published work by the student's peers - poetry that is accessible and exciting, presented in an
enthusiastic way. There will be discussions of poetic elements and techniques, such as wordplay, imagery,
metaphor, rhythm, etc. and then a writing exercise based on one or more of those elements.
A part of each session will be devoted to the writing of individual and collaborative poems and, in subsequent
sessions, to reading aloud and discussing student's work. Students are encouraged to respond to each other's creative
efforts in thoughtful and positive ways, to learn from each other's work, and to approach literature with an insider's
- a writer's - appreciation and understanding.
870 MARKET STREET, SUITE 1148 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102 415/399-1565 FAX 415/399-1566
A Community-Based Poetry Education Program Serving Children and Youth Since 1964.
Can we print an anthology of the student's poems?
Longer residencies (15 sessions or more) may be designed to include the production of printed anthologies of
students' poems. Poets' fees for editing and preparation of anthologies are generally half of their hourly classroom
rates, but may be negotiated individually. The school bears the expense of the printing, which can sometimes be
done on-site or at a district duplicating facility. Otherwise, poet-teachers can make contacts with local printers.
Public poetry readings and performances by students may also be arranged, usually as a culmination of a residency or
to celebrate the publication of an anthology.
What is the classroom teacher's role?
Classroom teachers are encouraged to participate in discussions and writing exercises; teachers who share their own
creative efforts often inspire their students to take greater risks. The poet-teacher and classroom teacher may also
work together to integrate poetry lessons with the teacher's on-going lesson plans. In addition, CPITS offers in-
services and writing workshops for teachers at rates ranging from $200 - $250 per half day.
How do we get funding for a residency?
Funding for CPITS residencies is available to schools from a variety of sources, including Title I, ESL, Bilingual,
and GATE programs. Locally-based arts councils and Adopt-A-School corporate sponsors have also funded CPITS
residencies. A limited pool of matching funds from the California Poets in the Schools state-wide organization is
available to schools that can't meet the full cost of a residency. Local CPITS area coordinators may be able to help
educators and administrators track down other possible sources of funding in their communities.
How do we contract a CPITS poet?
The Area Coordinator will put school officials in touch with the trained CPITS poet-teacher who is best-suited to
work with their students. The CPITS roster includes poets from a variety of backgrounds and with a wide range of
skills and experience. Some of our poets are bilingual in Spanish and English; others are also practicing journalists,
novelists, screenwriters, playwrights, musicians, and visual artists.
Since CPITS poet-teachers work as independent contractors, a Unified School District Personal Services Contract
must be obtained, if required, and a standard CPITS contract must be completed and signed by a school
representative. (When applicable, once the school has obtained the Personal Services Contract forms from the
district, the CPITS area coordinator can assist the poet in completing the necessary paperwork, which the school
must submit to the school board for final approval.) The residency can begin as soon as the approved CPITS
contract is signed by a school or district representative authorized to commit funds.
For more information please contact:
CALIFORNIA POETS IN THE SCHOOLS
870 Market Street, Suite 1148
San Francisco, California 94102
(415) 399-1565
870 MARKET STREET, SUITE 1148 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102 415/399-1565*FAX 415/399-1566
A Community-Based Poetry Education Program Serving Children and Youth Since 1964.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 13, 1995
Mr. Jeff Kellogg
The Foundation on Economic Trends
1660 L Street, NW
Suite 216
Washington, DC 20036
Dear Mr. Kellogg:
Thank you for writing and sending the
final paper on the results of Mr. Rifkin's
study. I appreciate your continued
thoughtfulness in keeping me informed of
your important work.
Thanks again and best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
w
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
The Foundation on Economic Trends
1660 L St., NW, Suite 216, Washington, DC 20036 Tel (202) 466-2823 Fax (202) 429-9602
March 23, 1995
Melanne Verveer
Thank
Office of First Lady
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Ms. Verveer,
I am enclosing the final white paper in our four part report on the historic transformation
taking place in the nature of work. The reports are the result of a two-and-a-half year study of the
impact of the new information and telecommunication technologies on declining mass employment
around the world, undertaken by FET president Jeremy Rifkin. The study has been published in a
new book, The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post
Market Era (published by Putnam).
Mr. Rifkin's central thesis is that the high-tech global economy is moving beyond the notion of
"mass" employment. While entrepreneurial, managerial, professional, and technical elites will be
ecessary to run the formal economy of the future, fewer and fewer workers will be required to assist
the production of goods and services.
At the same time that the need for human labor is disappearing, the role of government is
undergoing a similar diminution. Governments hampered by mounting long-term debt and growing
budget deficits are less willing to embark on ambitious public spending and public-works programs to
create jobs and stimulate purchasing power.
With the marketplace less able to provide job security for millions of Americans, and the
government less willing to provide critical public programs to assist families, neighborhoods and
communities, Mr. Rifkin argues that the Third Sector, or volunteer society, offers the last best hope for
rekindling the American dream and restoring the life of the country. Nothing could be more
important at this juncture in American history than strengthening the role of the Third Sector. This
report contains specific suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of Third Sector efforts.
Mr. Rifkin predicts that the jockeying between conservatives and liberals, Republicans and
Democrats, on how best to enhance the profile of the Third Sector is going to be one of the most
closely watched political issues of the coming decade.
It is our hope that these white papers will help contribute to the growing debate on how best to
address the problem of long term technological displacement.
acerely,
Jeffsellogs
Jeff Kellogg
recycled paper
The Foundation on Economic Trends
1130 17TH ST., SUITE 630, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 - (202)466-2823 - FAX (202)429-9602
global market and increasingly weak and incompe-
T
he high-tech global economy is moving
beyond the mass worker. While entrepre-
tent central governing authorities.
neurial, managerial, professional, and
technical elites will be necessary to run the formal
The Other America
economy of the future, fewer and fewer workers
The foundation for a strong. community based
will be required to assist in the production of goods
third force in American politics already exists.
and services.
Although much attention in the modern era has
At the same time that the need for human
been narrowly focused on the private and public
labor is disappearing, the
sector, there is another
role of government is
sector in American life that
undergoing a similar dimi-
nution. Today, global com-
Empowering
has been of historical sig-
nificance in the making of
panies have begun to
The Third
the nation, and that now
eclipse and subsume the
offers the distinct possibil-
power of nations. Trans-
Sector
ity of helping to reshape
national enterprises have
the social contract in the
increasingly usurped the
twenty-first century. The
traditional role of the state,
Looking Beyond
Third Sector, also known
and now exercise unparal-
Government For
as the independent or vol-
leled control over global
unteer sector, is the realm
Solutions
resources, labor pools, and
in which fiduciary arrange-
markets. The largest global
ments give way to commu-
corporations have assets exceeding the GNP of
nity bonds and where the giving of ones time to
many countries.
others takes the place of artificially imposed mar-
While the political role of the nation-state is
ket relationships based on selling oneself and one's
lessening in importance, so too is its role as
services to others.
employer of last resort. Governments hampered by
Alexis de Tocqueville. the French statesman
mounting long-term debt and growing budget
and philosopher, was the first to take notice of
deficits are less willing to embark on ambitious
America's voluntary spirit. After visiting the United
public spending and public-works programs to
States in 1831, he wrote of his impressions of the
create jobs and stimulate purchasing power.
young country. Tocqueville was awed by the
Now that the commercial and public sectors
American propensity to enter into voluntary asso-
are no longer capable of securing some of the fun-
ciations - a phenomenon little in evidence in
damental needs of the people, the public has little
Europe at the time. The French philosopher was
choice but to begin looking out for itself, once
convinced that the Americans had discovered a
again, by reestablishing viable communities as a
revolutionary new form of cultural expression that
buffer against both the impersonal forces of the
would prove essential to the flourishing of the
Adapted from The End Of Work:
The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era.
By Jeremy Rifkin (Published by G.P. Putnam's Sons)
democratic spirit. "Nothing, in my view, more
involved
in
self-help
programs
like
Alcoholics
deserves attention than the [voluntary] associa-
Anonymous, and in drug rehabilitation programs.
tions in America," he wrote.
Millions of Americans volunteer their time to vari-
ous environmental efforts including recycling
oday, voluntary organizations are serving
activities, conservation programs, anti-pollution
T
millions of Americans in every neighbor-
campaigns and animal protection work. Others
hood and community of the country. Their
volunteer their time to work for advocacy organiza-
reach and scope often eclipse both the private and
tions attempting to redress grievances and change
public sectors, touching and affecting the lives of
public perceptions and laws. Hundreds of thou-
every American, often more profoundly than the
sands of Americans give their time to the arts -
forces of the marketplace or the agencies and
participating in local theater groups, choirs, and
bureaucracies of government.
orchestras. Volunteers often assist municipal gov-
The independent sector is the bonding force,
ernment, serving as volunteer firefighters or donat-
the social glue that helps unite the diverse inter-
ing time to crime prevention work and disaster
ests of the American people into a cohesive social
relief. There are currently more than 1,400,000
identity. If there is a single defining characteristic
nonprofit organizations in the United States with
that sums up the unique qualities of being an
total combined assets of more than $500 billion.
American, it would be our capacity to join together
The assets of the Third Sector now equal
in voluntary associations to serve one another. The
nearly half the assets of the federal government. A
anthropologist Margaret Mead once remarked, "If
study conducted by Yale economist Gabriel
you look closely you will see that almost anything
Rudney in the 1980s estimated that the expendi-
that really matters to us, anything that embodies
tures of America's voluntary organizations exceed-
our deepest commitment to the way human life
ed the gross national product of all but seven
should be lived and cared for, depends on some
nations in the world. Although the Third Sector is
form - often many forms - of volunteerism."
half the size of government in total employment
Volunteers assist the elderly and handi-
and half its size in total earnings, it has been grow-
capped, the mentally ill, disadvantaged youth, the
ing twice as fast as both the government and pri-
homeless and indigent. Volunteers renovate dilap-
vate sector in recent years. The independent sector
idated apartments and build new low income
already contributes more than 6 per cent of the
housing. Tens of thousands of Americans volun-
GNP and is responsible for 10.5 per cent of the
teer their services in public supported hospitals
total national employment. More people are
and clinics, taking care of sick patients including
employed in Third Sector organizations than work
the victims of AIDS. Thousands more serve as fos-
in the construction, electronics, transportation, or
ter parents, or as big brothers and sisters for
textile and apparel industries.
orphaned children. Some provide counseling for
runaways and troubled youth. Others are tutors
Tax Credits For Volunteer Work
recruited into the campaign to eliminate illiteracy.
With the marketplace less able to provide job secu-
Americans assist in day care centers and after
rity for millions of Americans, and the government
school programs. They prepare and deliver meals
less willing to provide critical public programs to
to the poor. A growing number of Americans vol-
assist families, neighborhoods and communities,
unteer in crisis centers, helping rape victims and
the volunteer sector becomes the last best hope for
victims of spouse and child abuse. Thousands vol-
rekindling the American dream and restoring the
unteer their time staffing public shelters and dis-
life of the country. Nothing could be more impor-
tributing clothes to the needy. Many Americans are
tant at this juncture in American history than
strengthening the role of the Third Sector. A good
be addressed. While there will be a loss of taxable
place to start might be the granting of a tax credit
revenue at the front end, it will likely be more than
for every hour of volunteer time given to a legally
compensated for by a diminished need for expen-
certified tax exempt organization. The backbone of
sive government programs to cover activities and
the Third Sector is still the volunteer. Were it not
services best handled by volunteer efforts in the
for the voluntary efforts of tens of millions of
Third Sector. By extending tax credits directly to
Americans, the social needs of American commu-
the volunteers donating their services and skills at
nities would go largely unattended. According to
the point of engagement, the government bypasses
an extensive 1994 Gallup survey, in 1993 more
much of the expense that goes into financing the
than 89.2 million adult Americans, or 48 percent
layers of bureaucracy that are set up to administer
of the population, gave their time to various caus-
programs in local communities. Then too, improve-
es and organizations in the Third Sector. The aver-
ments in the living conditions and quality of life of
age volunteer gave 4.2 hours of his or her time per
millions of disadvantaged Americans inevitably
week. Collectively, the American people gave more
rebounds to the economy itself in the form of
than 19.5 billion hours in volunteering. These
greater employment opportunities and increased
hours represent the equivalent economic contribu-
purchasing power, all increasing the amount of tax-
tion of 9 million full-time employees, and if mea-
able income available to every level of government.
sured in dollar terms, would be worth $182 billion.
The Politics of Volunteerism
infortunately, volunteer time has declined
U
In the 1980s the Republicans rode into the White
over the past five years, in large part,
House, in large part, on the shirt-tails of the vol-
because working Americans, anxious
unteer theme. The Grand Old Party dominated the
over diminishing wages and loss of good paying
political landscape for more than a decade with the
jobs, are spending more hours engaged in part
plea to "return government to the people." The
time work to bring in needed extra income. Unless
Reagan forces realized, early on, the potential sym-
the Third Sector is revived, it will become nearly
bolic and emotional power of Third-Sector images
impossible for neighborhood and community orga-
and used them to their advantage, building a
nizations to cope with the increasing burden of
Republican mandate in the 1980s.
social services placed on them by a shrinking pub-
President Reagan's appeal to homespun val-
lic sector and diminishing social net.
ues and old-fashioned good works touched a
The granting of a credit on personal income
responsive chord. Although the "liberal" establish-
taxes for volunteer hours given, will go a long way
ment was quick to ridicule the President, charging
toward encouraging millions of Americans to
him with being naive, even disingenuous, millions
devote a greater share of their leisure time to vol-
of Americans, many of whom were themselves vol-
unteer efforts in the Third Sector. While the idea is
unteers and committed to the principles of volun-
new, the concept is already firmly established in
tary association, saw in his message a call to
the laws governing tax exempt gifts. Certainly, if
renew the American spirit, and threw their support
giving money to charitable efforts is deemed wor-
behind the White House's call to action. President
thy of tax deductions, why not extend the idea to
Bush later picked up on the volunteerism theme
cover tax credits for the donation of hours given to
during his inaugural. In his now famous "Points of
the same efforts and causes?
Light" speech, the new President reminded the
Providing tax credits for people donating
country that the volunteer sector was the spiritual
their time to volunteer efforts will insure greater
backbone of the American democratic spirit.
involvement in a range of social issues that need to
riticism of the Reagan-Bush theme of tory, the nonprofit community has helped our
C
renewed volunteerism was heard from
nation adapt to a changing world by strengthening
many quarters. The American left charged
the core values that shape American life." The
that volunteerism was a cynical attempt by Repub-
President said that the Network will create better
lican administrations to abdicate government
collaboration between the Administration and
responsibility to aid the poor and working people of
advocacy and service groups in a mutual effort to
the country. In the 1980s the volunteer theme
solve the problems of crime, housing, health care,
became so associated in the public mind with Re-
and other pressing national needs.
publican politics that it was, like so many impor-
Although the President's action is likely to be
tant issues in American life, reduced to a partisan
viewed more as a symbolic gesture than a change
cause. The Democrats and most liberal thinkers
in political paradigms, it suggests both a growing
and constituent groups either openly opposed the
awareness of the potential role of the Third Sector
volunteer theme or steadfastly ignored it.
in American life and the need to create new work-
Recently, however, a growing number of pro-
ing relationships between the government and the
gressive thinkers have been taking a second look
nonprofit community. The jockeying between con-
at the independent sector. They are beginning to
servatives and liberals, Republicans and Demo-
realize that it is the only viable alternative people
crats, on how best to enhance the profile of the
can turn to now that the market economy's role as
Third Sector is going to be one of the most closely
employer is shrinking, and the government's role
watched political issues of the coming decade.
as provider of last resort is diminishing as well.
With millions of beleaguered Americans
The Clinton administration has already
attempting to both make ends meet and continue to
taken a first tentative step in the direction of cre-
volunteer time to worthwhile civic programs and
ating a new partnership between the public and
activities, a tax credit for volunteering time to non-
Third Sector by announcing on April 12, 1994, the
profit organizations could help make the difference,
creation of the Non-Profit Liaison Network. to be
bolstering the effectiveness of the Third Sector in
made up of twenty-five Administration officials
addressing the many pressing issues facing our
who will "work with the nonprofit sector on com-
communities.
mon goals." The officials will be charged with
building cooperative networks between their
departments and agencies of government and
Third-Sector organizations. In making the
announcement, President Clinton said that he had
"long advocated the role of the non-profit sector."
He reminded the public that "throughout our his-
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 28, 1995
The Hon. Joseph P. Kennedy
U.S. House of Representatives
Washington, DC 20515
Dear Rep. Kennedy:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you for
writing and recommending that Ms. Khubani of
TV Asia accompany Mrs. Clinton on her trip to
India. We welcome your suggestion, but can
make no committment at this time.
Thanks again for writing and best
wishes.
Sincerely yours,
Miller
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 22, 1995
Mr. Daniel M. Kerns
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School
1524 Thirty-fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20007-2785
Dear Dan:
I am about to embark on a two week trip to South Asia with
the First Lady and I wanted to respond to the invitation from the
Senior Class before I left.
Please convey to the class that I would be honored to be
their commencement speaker on June 6th. That day also happens to
coincide with my own graduation from Georgetown University many
years ago.
As the date gets closer, I would be happy for any
information on the graduates that you think might be useful to
me.
I look forward to June 6th.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Me Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School
1524 Thirty-fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007-2785
(202) 337-3350
Office of the Headmaster
March 20, 1995
Mrs. Melanne Verveer
2125 Leroy Place, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20008
Dear Mrs. Verveer,
I wish to extend to you an invitation from the Senior class to be our speaker at the 197th
Commencement of Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School. Commencement exercises are
scheduled for 11:00 a.m. on Tuesday, June 6, 1995, in Gaston Hall on the campus of
Georgetown University.
As a woman challenged by the demands of both a professional career and a family, you
give witness and credibility to the reality that one can enjoy success in both areas. As our
seniors contemplate what lies before them, it is important they see that while these values may
compete they are not incompatible.
We would be honored if you would be with us at graduation. In accepting our invitation
you would join a list of prominent women and men who have addressed our graduates over the
years. Furthermore, as a former Visitation parent, you have a unique appreciation of the
importance of history, tradition and faith to life here, as well as an understanding of the
expectations and characteristics of our students. I would be happy to provide you additional
information on the contributions and special achievements of the young women who make up
this extraordinary class.
Sincerely,
Daniel M. Kerns
Headmaster
DMK sao
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 25, 1995
Mr. Kazi Omar Khaium
Plot 1, Road 5, Block A
Mirpur 11, Dhaka 1221
Bangladesh
Dear Mr. Khaium:
Thank you for writing and for asking
Mrs. Clinton to serve as Advisor to your
international children's magazine. We regret
that she will not be able to serve in this
capacity, even though your project is so
worthy.
Thanks again for writing. Please accept
our best wishes for success in this important
undertaking.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Deputy Chief Verveer Jenn of Staff
to the First Lady
United States First Lady HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
Subject: WE WANT TO SEE YOU AS AN ADVISER TO
OUR INTERNATIONAL CHILD MAGAZINE.
Dear First Lady,
With due respect, I am happy to inform you that I am a child organiser and
related with many other social associations. Shortly, I am going to publish
an International Monthly child magazine for the advancement of children in
the world. By this magazine we shall protest against child discremination,
war, injustice. This magazine will also publish some poetry, autobiography
of great men and so on through which children in the world can develop their
ideas and values.
The children of present days do not have any international magazine for
their behalf. And as a child organizer it appeals me a lot, I would be very
grateful to you if you are with us as our "Advisor".
Yours truly,
Dated: Dhaka
3rd April 1995
Karl omar thoum
3/4/95
[KAZI OMAR KHAIUM]
On behalf of Children of Bangladesh.
Address: Plot 1, Road 5, Block A
Mirpur 11, Dhaka 1221
Bangladesh
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 13, 1995
Dr. Sufian Khondler, P.E.
Mr. Abdul Matin Talukder
AABE - NY, NJ & CT Chapter
80-23 Langdale Street
New Hyde Park, NY 11040
Dear Dr. Khondler and Mr. Talukder:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you
for writing and for providing information
on the Farakka Barrage. We appreciate
your taking the time to inform us about
this issue, which is of great importance
to the people of Bangladesh.
Thanks again for writing and best
wishes.
Sincerely yours,
Mine
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
R
cutive Committee
Executive Committee
5 1996)
AABE
(1995 1996)
Sufian A. Khondker, P.E.
Towhidul Islam
President
American Association of Bangladeshi Engineers
Treasurer
Sadrul Hussain, P.E.
Dr. A.K.M. Quamrul Ahsan
President Elect
Incorporated in 1984
Executive Member
Abdul Matin Talukder
New York, New Jersey & Connecticut Chapter
Mohd Ismail
Secretary
80-23 Langdale Street, New Hyde Park, NY 11040
Executive Member
The Honorable First Lady
March 21, 1995
Hillary Rodham Clinton
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Madam:
We, on behalf of the expatriate Bangladeshis under the auspicious of the American Association
of Bangladeshi Engineers (AABE), would like to congratulate you on your forthcoming visit to
India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to discuss the "Human Issues", in which
you have been involved in last 25 years.
On this occasion we would like to draw your attention to a major "human issue" known as
Farakka Barrage, which has become the life and death situation for 40 million Bangladeshis
living in the Ganges Basin.
The life in Bangladesh revolves around its rivers, and as you know, our civilization, cultural
patterns, agro-ecological systems, transportation and above all our very existence have been
shaped by its rivers. More than one hundred and twenty million Bangladeshis are crowded in a
delta of 55,598 square miles (less than the size of Wisconsin) formed by the three of the
world's largest rivers, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna.
In 1975, India constructed a barrage across the Ganges River at Farakka, only 11 miles
upstream from the border of Bangladesh to divert 40,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) of the
Ganges water during the low flow period, while allowing the flood water to flow into
Bangladesh unobstructed causing flash floods. The overall impacts of the Farakka Barrage in
Bangladesh have been disastrous and severe, both in immediate and long-term. The
Government of Bangladesh has estimated an annual economic loss of $575 million directly
attributed to the Farakka Barrage. On the occasion of your trip to Bangladesh, we urge you to
visit the affected areas and see for yourself the sufferings of the poor Bangladeshis living in
the Ganges Basin.
In the past, between 1972 and 1973, as many as 90 bilateral meetings were held between
Bangladesh and India, but no permanent solution to the problem could be reached. Since 1993
India has adopted a policy of stalling any further discussions on the issue on the pretext of a
comprehensive solution of all 54 shared rivers. Most independent experts, however, believe
that a comprehensive, permanent solution towards an equitable distribution of the Ganges
2
water can only be achieved through tripartite (between Nepal, India and Bangladesh)
negotiations under the sponsorship of a world body or the United States of America.
On the forthcoming trip, you will have the unique opportunity to meet the key players Prime
Minister Narasima Rao of India, Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia of Bangladesh and His
Majesty King Birendra of Nepal. We, therefore, urge you to personally intervene and take up
the matter at the highest level of the governments to arrive at a equitable, long-term,
permanent solution to this long-standing dispute. The forty million people of Bangladesh will
be ever grateful to you.
In order to understand the historical background, adverse effects and possible solutions for the
Farakka issue we are enclosing a dossier for your consideration.
We wish you a successful trip to our native land and our hearts and minds are with you in
laying up a foundation work in arriving at a just and fare solution to the equitable distribution
of the Ganges water.
Sincerely,
Skhundker
Jadia
Dr. Sufian A. Khondker, P.E.
Abdul Matin Talukder
President
Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 23, 1995
Sister Pat Krommer
Congregation of Sisters
of St. Joseph of Cardondelet
Parliamentary Human Rights Foundation
1056 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW
Washington, DC 20007
Dear Pat:
The First Lady asked me to thank you for
inviting her to your monthly gathering. She
regrets that she cannot attend. Good luck
with your efforts, although your success is
already evident. Best wishes.
Sincerely,
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
Melame- is this
La a d Maybe
one of your muns?
with could call her
and thank for invite
Nicale/Katie Thank Pan
but registrar
April 26, 1995
Hillary Clinton
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Hillary:
At this writing I have not met you or heard your presentation and am looking forward to both.
It is indeed an honor to be invited, and I would like to return the favor. I am a member of the
Congregation of Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet. We run hospitals, schools, and do so many
things to which the signs of the times and the people of God call us in law, social work,
community organizing. I was a teacher for many years and in the 80's founded an international
law project which is now an NGO with Category 11 status at the UN. Among other
accomplishments we negotiated the evacuation of FMLN wounded from El Salvador. Lynn
Cutler can share some of our exploits.
I meet with several women once a month to discuss what we have learned regarding Beijing and
to discuss the times, our lives, our response. We would love to have you and your daughter
join us at our next gathering. The group is composed of married women, a widow, and three
other women religious. Kathy Hendrix who works at the State Department Conference Office
is a good friend of mine. She has attended. The group is an interesting mix with rich
experiences. This contributes much to the enjoyment of our meetings. Two of the nuns worked
in Africa, another in Haiti, and I spent several years of my life on Central America. The widow
in our midst is the sister of Father Miguel D'Escoto, former Foreign Minister of Nicaragua.
Her husband was a U.S. officer and died in Vietnam. She has beautiful children, one of whom
was with me in Mexico observing the Elections last August. Sofia is now a UN Monitor in
Haiti.
We appreciate you very much. The harmony of your intelligence and spiritual life is
communicated every time you speak. Thank you for your grace, courage, confidence and
example. We hope that you can find the time in your busy schedule to come. We will certainly
understand if you cannot. I can be reached at home at (202) 232-3300 for particulars should this
invitation be convenient.
Sister Pat Krommer C.S.J.
Hallmark
CROWN
00966
0
700070
2
150T 96-6
© DATEMARK CARDS, INC.
MADE
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
you conldn't have been nicer!
Patricia Krommer at
(
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 22, 1995
MEMORANDUM FOR ALL EOP STAFF
FROM:
JODIE TORKELSQN
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
SUBJECT:
Closure of Pennsylvania Avenue
Due to the closure of Pennsylvania Avenue and E Street Westbound from 15th to 17th Street, please
review the following guidelines for staff and appointments to access the White House complex.
Pennsylvania Avenue is closed to all traffic except official motorcades of the First Family,
Vice President and visiting heads of state.
E Street, Eastbound, will continue to operate one way from 17th Street to 15th Street for all
traffic. E Street, Westbound, from 15th Street to 17th Street is only accessible to Executive
Office of the President staff and those with scheduled appointments on the White House
complex. All appointments should be cleared in advance to ensure proper verification and
identification at all Secret Service posts.
Appointments may still be dropped at the Southwest gate, but will have to go through the
vehicle search points. Requests for appointment parking on West Executive Avenue will
follow the current procedure and must be approved by the White House Office of
Management and Administration.
Vehicle search points have been posted on E Street for all cars entering West Executive
Avenue, East Executive Avenue and State Place.
Executive Office of the President (EOP) staff should continue to access West Executive
Avenue or State Place via E Street and South Executive Avenue. Staff should exit West
Executive Avenue through the South Court entrance. Exit State Place directly to 17th Street.
Vehicles will not be allowed to exit West Executive Avenue onto Pennsylvania Avenue.
EOP staff should enter East Executive Avenue via E Street and exit to the east via Alexander
Hamilton Place or to the west via South Executive Avenue and State Place on to 17th Street.
EOP staff should enter and exit Jackson Place from H Street.
We are working with the Secret Service to resolve the traffic signal problem at H Street and Jackson
Place and also a bus drop off area for large groups entering the OEOB.
Please refer to the attached map and instructions for more details concerning access to the White
House complex. Please call the White House Office of Management and Administration with any
questions or concerns on x62861.
CHECKPOINT
H Street
CHECKPOINT
WHITE HOUSE COMPLEX
VEHICLE ACCESS
JACKSON PLACE
MADISON PLACE
STAFF:
E Street, Westbound from 15th Street to 17th Street, is only open to
authorized vehicles (i.e. Treasury Employees, White House staff, or
properly cleared appointments). There will be a Uniformed Division
checkpoint on E Street at 15th Street to prevent unauthorized
vehicular access. ("A" on map)
UD
UD
CHECKPOINT
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
Entrance to South Executive Avenue (East side) and East Executive
CHECKPOINT
Avenue will be made by entering E Street at either "A" or "H" on
the map. Vehicle search posts are located at South Executive Avenue
and E Street. ("B" on map). Exit may be made to the east via
Alexander Hamilton Place which is one way, Eastbound ("C" on
map). Exit to the west may be made via South Executive Avenue and
State Place.
Entrance to South Executive Avenue (West Side), West Executive
Avenue, and State Place will be made by entering E Street at either
"A" or "H" on the map. The search point for these vehicles is
Court
WEST EXECUTIVE AVENUE
WHITE HOUSE
map).
17TH STREET
South
EAST EXECUTIVE AVENUE
15TH STREET
located at South Executive Avenue and E Street, West (" D" on
Exit from West Executive Avenue will be made through the South
E
Court of the Old Executive Office Building onto 17th Street ("E" on
map). Those vehicles parked on South Executive Avenue and State
Place will exit Westbound on State Place ("F" on map).
Those vehicles parking on Jackson Place will enter and exit via the
Uniformed Division checkpoint at H Street ("G" on map).
F
5
STATE PLACE
ALEXANDER HAMILTON PLACE UD
APPOINTMENTS:
ECKPOINT
CHECKPOINT
There will be no vehicular traffic permitted on Pennsylvania Avenue
between 15th and 17th Streets.
All appointments entering the White House Complex from
Pennsylvania Avenue will have to walk from 17th Street or from 15th
D
VEHICLE
VEHICLE
SEARCH
B
Street.
SEARCH
E Street Westbound will be open to authorized vehicles only (i.e.
H
E Street
E
UD
Treasury Employees, White House staff, appointments, or authorized
SOUTH EXECUTIVE-AVENUE
CHECKPOINT
deliveries). E Street Eastbound is open to all traffic however, only
authorized vehicles may access South Executive Avenue. All
vehicles must stop at one of the two vehicle search posts. After being
searched, all vehicles discharging appoint IS may continue to the
Southeast or Southwest gates.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
L
Divider Title:
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 16, 1995
Ms. Carol Lancaster
Deputy Administrator
U.S. Agency for International
Development
320 Twenty-First Street, NW
Washington, DC 20523
Dear Carol:
Thank you very much for your letter and
for sharing the information on the Forum for
African Women Educationalists (FAWE) with
Mrs. Clinton and me. FAWE does seem to be a
truly inspiring organization.
Good luck in the important work you do.
Best wishes.
Sincerely,
We can't
Melanne Verveer
Commit
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
yet
R
USAID
U.S. AGENCY FOR
INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
June 1, 1995
The Deputy
Administrator
MEMORANDUM FOR MS. MELANNE VERVEER
Deputy Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff to the First Lady
The White House
FROM:
Cardl Lancaster
I attended a meeting today that I thought you and the First
Lady might enjoy hearing about. It was with several women
directors (including a cabinet minister, a university provost,
and several other highly accomplished African women) of the Forum
for African Women Educationalists (FAWE). This is a recently
organized continent-wide advocacy group with chapters now in 25
countries, which aims at promoting women' and girls' education in
the region. There is nowhere in the world more needy of a push
for girls' and womens' education than Sub-Saharan Africa where
most women remain legal minors all of their lives, where access
to education for girls is among the most limited in the world and
where dropout rates for those girls who do make it to a school
are among the highest in the world.
I rarely come away from a meeting as enthused and uplifted
as I did from this one, having listened to the powerful, dynamic
African women make their presentation on their program and their
goals. (I include some of their literature and a wonderful
little tape with a song about the importance of girls' education.
Listen to it and see if you can sit still.) In a region where
women face some of the highest hurtles of any in the world, it
takes a powerful, persuasive, energetic woman to succeed
professionally or in any endeavor. These were those type of
women. (I told them when I left the meeting that I was reminded
of an old Swahili proverb that said: "If you want to get a job
done, ask an African woman to do it." They all agreed
enthusiastically. Of course, I had made up the proverb on the
spot but it hit a sympathetic chord with them.)
320 TWENTY-FIRST STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20523
-2-
I am glad USAID has been able to give FAWE a bit of help in
getting started. I am delighted that because of the President's
statements last week, we have a chance of surviving and
continuing to support groups like FAWE.
And I hope that before too much time passes, we can all go
to Sub-Saharan Africa to examine the enormous problems facing
African women and children -- and indeed, all Africans -- the
progress already achieved in addressing those problems (less than
one would have hoped but not insignificant) and how our country
can continue to help in that troubled continent. If you liked
South Asia, you will love Africa with all of its challenges but
with the vibrancy and energy of its peoples and their
irrepressible hopes for a better future.
Attachments: a/s
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 11, 1995
Ms. Barbara Levin
Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.
1675 West Maple Road
Troy, Michigan 48084
Dear Ms. Levin:
Thank you for your recommendation that
Mrs. Clinton visit the village of Dhanawas on
her trip to India. She regrets that her
schedule did not allow her to see the new
lighting systems your organization installed
there. However, she applauds the new
technology your company, as well as others,
is bringing to third world countries to
improve the environment as well as existing
health conditions.
Thank you again for writing and good
luck in the important work you do.
Sincerely yours,
minu
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
Thank
Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.
March 23, 1995
First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton
Executive office of the President
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Hillary,
I understand your forthcoming trip to Asia will include a stop in India. If you are in Delhi
and time permits, I encourage you to visit the nearby village of Dhanawas where the
company where I work, with the assistance of DOE, put up some solar lighting systems
and two solar powered street lights. The enclosed pictures show, among other things,
Secretary O'Leary turning on an electric light in the village school for the first time ever.
The solar powered lighting systems replace kerosene lanterns routinely used in rural
areas around the world. These lanterns emit noxious fumes and create a very unhealthy
environment in the buildings in which they are used. In the aggregate, kerosene lanterns
are a significant source of hydro-carbon emissions contributing to global warming.
My company, Energy Conversion Devices, with DOE's assistance, is also demonstrating
the solution to another major health problem. I'm sure you'll notice in all the major Asian
cities you visit the excessive air pollution generated by automobiles and two and three
wheeled vehicles. In India, we're demonstrating the use of electric motor scooters
utilizing an advanced battery which our company developed originally for use in electric
vehicles in the U.S. (See enclosed picture of Secretary O'Leary on our scooter.)
Replacing the polluting scooters currently in use in India and elsewhere will provide a
dramatic improvement in air quality.
For the past four years I've been working in Michigan for Energy Conversion Devices to
help disseminate these technologies with their enormous health and environmental
benefits. India is a major target of our international efforts and we've received
outstanding support from Secretary O'Leary and others at DOE who understand both the
need and the commercial opportunities for technologies like ours. We're very appreciative
of that support and hope that your trip will reinforce Administration commitment to DOE
programs that reap vital health benefits for people around the world.
Sincerely,
Barbara Levin
Barbara Levin
Ovonics
Ovonic Battery Technology For India
Ovonic Battery Company (OBC), a subsidiary of Energy Conversion Devices (ECD),
would like to introduce its proprietary nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) rechargeable
battery technology to India. Ovonic batteries can be used to power everything from
portable electronic devices to electric vehicles. They also can be used for energy
storage in a range of private, industrial or utility settings. Ovonic batteries represent
a significant advance in battery technology by providing high performance without
environmental pollution or degradation.
ECD/OBC would like to form a business alliance with an Indian company to
establish a plant in India to manufacture batteries for electric motorcycles and
scooters. ECD/OBC will provide its advanced NiMH technology and training in
the technology to employees of the venture and will design the production
machinery.
ECD/OBC believes there is a particularly attractive market for its batteries in India
and neighboring countries for use in electric motorcycles and scooters. With their
large populations relying heavily on two-wheel and three-wheel motorized vehicles
for transportation, an electric version of these vehicles would provide substantial
economic and security benefits by reducing dependence on imported oil. The
reduction in emissions also would greatly enhance urban air quality, and, with the
region's excellent solar resources, electric batteries charged by solar energy could
provide a totally pollution-free mode of transportation.
While the environmental benefits would be of global consequence, both India and
the United States would benefit economically from this venture. The manufacturing
plant would provide employment in India and an opportunity to build new
industries based on this attractive mode of transportation. The reduction of
imported oil and the export opportunities for batteries would enhance India's
balance of trade.
E
C
D
Background on ECD/OBC and the Ovonic Battery
Page 2
ECD was founded in 1960 by Stanford R. Ovshinsky and his wife, Dr. Iris M.
Ovshinsky, to further develop Mr. Ovshinsky's pioneering work in amorphous and
disordered materials. The company's goal was to develop these low-cost materials
into commercial products designed to address important environmental, energy and
materials needs.
Over the years, ECD has developed a broad body of basic materials knowledge,
process know-how, and an extensive patent portfolio (420 United States patents and
more than 950 corresponding foreign patents) that cover a wide range of products.
ECD products are manufactured by ECD and its subsidiaries and joint ventures and
through licensing agreements. ECD designs, develops and builds production
machinery for its own use as well as for its joint ventures, licensees and business
partners.
OBC was established as a subsidiary of ECD in 1980, and very substantial
investments were made by ECD to develop a new rechargeable nickel
metal-hydride (NiMH) battery based on new hydrogen storage materials developed
at ECD. ECD's metal hydride alloy materials and a finished NiMH battery are
shown in Fig. 1.
OVONIC
BATTERY
RECHARGEABLE
HICKEL-METAL
HYDRIDE
The Green Battery
Environmentally Safe
Figure 1. ECD's metal hydride alloy materials and a finished NiMH battery..
Page 3
The Ovonic battery is a proprietary rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH)
battery based on new hydrogen storage materials developed by ECD, along with its
subsidiary the Ovonic Battery Company (Ovonic Battery). Ovonic NiMH batteries
initially were developed and commercialized in small cell sizes to replace
nickel-cadmium batteries used in notebook computers, cellular phones and other
portable electronic devices. These batteries are in production by Ovonic's licensees
around the world. Ovonic batteries store more than twice as much energy as
lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries, contain no toxic materials such as lead,
cadmium, or mercury. They display high power, long cycle life, have no memory
effect and are maintenance-free. Because they use only non-toxic, environmentally
friendly materials their disposal does not pose hazardous waste problems, unlike
most conventional batteries.
Several of these companies are already producing consumer batteries using
ECD/OBC's technology and others plan to be in production during 1995. Our
licensee, Gold Peak, is producing an 80 watt hour per kilogram battery for portable
electronics applications. This is, by far, the world record energy density for
rechargeable batteries.
Ovonic batteries can power everything from portable electronic devices to electric
vehicles. The stumbling block that has previously prevented development of a
practical electric vehicle has been the battery. What is required is a high power, safe,
rugged, fast charge battery that can achieve the driving range required to gain
commercial acceptance. The Ovonic battery, which lasts the lifetime of the car, is
sealed and maintenance free. It permits an electric vehicle to go 250 miles (400km)
on a single charge, with 60% recharging in 15 minutes, and it provides the
acceleration of a sports car.
ECD/Ovonic Battery has been developing its Ovonic batteries for electric vehicle
applications in cooperation with the United States Advanced Battery Consortium
(USABC). USABC is a partnership between General Motors, Chrysler Corporation
and Ford Motor with funding from the DOE and the United States Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI). Progress has been exceptional and in March, 1994
General Motors and Ovonic Battery announced the formation of GM Ovonic, a joint
venture established to manufacture batteries in the United States for the emerging
electric vehicle (EV) industry. In December 1994 GM Ovonic announced plans to
start commercial-scale production in 1995 of nickel metal-hydride batteries for
electric cars.
Page 4
In addition to the emerging four wheeled electric vehicle market, there is a
particularly attractive market for Ovonic batteries in India, China, Taiwan and
neighboring countries for use in electric motorcycles, scooters and three wheelers.
These countries have large populations relying heavily on two and three-wheel
motorized vehicles for transportation and an electric version of these vehicles
would provide substantial economic and security benefits by reducing dependence
on imported oil. The reduction in emissions would also greatly enhance urban air
quality and, with the excellent solar resources of these regions, electric batteries
charged by ECD's PV products could provide a totally pollution-free mode of
transportation. (See Fig. 2.)
Figure 2. Minister Kumar on an electric scooter powered by Ovonic Batteries.
The Ovonic NiMH battery is unique among advanced battery technologies because
it is already in commercial production for consumer battery applications. The most
advanced part of the technology, namely the electrodes and electrode materials,
have been in commercial production at Ovonic Battery for several years. The
Ovonic Battery electrode manufacturing plant is shown in Fig. 3.
Page 5
Figure 3. The Ovonic Battery NiMH battery electrode manufacturing facility.
USABC, along with the U.S. Department of Energy, established "mid-term" cost and
performance goals for EV batteries that would enable production of commercially
viable EVs in this decade. The Ovonic battery is a robust, balanced battery, unique
because it combines all the attributes needed for a successful EV battery and it
meets the midterm goals of USABC. The Ovonic battery's attributes are described
on the following pages:
High Energy Density
This is critical to provide sufficient driving range between charges for vehicles. The
USABC mid-term goal for specific energy is 80 Wh/kg. In EV batteries installed in
vehicles, ECD/OBC has delivered systems approaching the midterm goal.
Page 6
At the present state of development, OBC's batteries have demonstrated impressive
range capabilities. Electric vehicles equipped with Ovonic NiMH batteries have
achieved more than twice the range of vehicles with conventional batteries such as
lead acid or NiCd. An EV conversion vehicle equipped with an Ovonic battery,
shown in Fig. 4, recently traveled a record-breaking 214 miles on a single charge to
win the American Tour de Sol Race. The same car also won the Arizona Public
Service 500 race, finishing the 124 mile course in under two hours, nine laps in the
lead, at an average speed of 65 miles per hour with energy to spare. For an electric
motorcycle or scooter, Ovonic batteries will provide a range of more than 250 miles
on a single charge.
High Power Density
This is critical to provide good acceleration for the vehicle. The Ovonic battery's
present power capability exceeds the USABC goal of 150 W/kg. Prototypes have
provided over 400 W/kg peak power. The Ovonic NiMH battery is one of the
highest power batteries in existence today, and vehicles equipped with Ovonic
batteries exhibit unsurpassed acceleration throughout the entire depth of battery
discharge.
TOURDE SOL
START
FINISH
DEP
DEP
Figure 4. An Ovonic battery-powered Solectria wins the 1994 Tour de Sol Electric Vehicle Race.
Page 7
High Cycle Life
This determines the useful life of the battery and total battery cost over the life of
the vehicle. ECD/OBC projects that its battery will last the lifetime of an EV, based
on the cycle life of the Ovonic battery demonstrated so far. The USABC criterion for
cycle life is 600 cycles at 80 percent depth of discharge. ECD/OBC's long-term
experience with small batteries in commercial production, that already exceed this
cycle life goal, as well as initial testing results of EV cells and modules, have met or
exceeded these cycle life goals.
Safe and Environmentally Friendly
The Ovonic battery contains no toxic materials and operates at ambient
temperature. It therefore poses no toxic hazard in production, disposal, or should
an accident involving an EV occur. In addition, the battery is completely recyclable.
Rapid Recharge Capability
The Ovonic battery can be recharged to 60 percent of capacity in 15 minutes and to
full capacity in one hour. It also can be recharged more slowly at home or work
using a conventional electrical outlet.
Sealed and Maintenance Free
Cost
Battery cost is critical to the economic viability of EVs. The USABC goal of
$150/kWh was established on the assumption that the battery would need to be
replaced one or more times during the life of the vehicle. The projected cost of
approximately $200/kWh for the current Ovonic battery is well within the life-cycle
cost goals of USABC. With enhanced performance, the projected cost is less than
$150/kWh. Since the battery will last the lifetime of the vehicle, the life-cycle cost is
significantly less than needed to achieve the goal of commercial viability.
There are many other uses for the Ovonic battery such as in hybrid vehicles,
superior starter batteries for conventional automobiles, batteries for electric
motorcycles and lawn mowers, and standby power not only for utilities, but also for
home use, including emergency power.
Page 8
While four-wheel vehicles are the dominant mode of transportation in the Western
world, most countries in Asia have a greater reliance on two-wheel and three-wheel
vehicles. These vehicles are excellent candidates for electric propulsion, which
would eliminate the considerable noise and air pollution generated by internal
combustion engines. Given the congestion of urban traffic in many of the large
cities in Asia, the absence of emissions during idle time would be a significant gain
in air quality.
These vehicles, being smaller, consume less energy and would take less energy to
recharge than four-wheel vehicles. Recharging them at home or at work using solar
or other renewable energy sources also is more feasible than for larger vehicles. The
combination of electric vehicles charged by renewable energy sources, if broadly
applied in this area of the world, would substantially reduce environmental,
security and economic pressures that the area's rapid growth and rapidly increasing
energy requirements are producing. Conversely, these same pressures will create
economic incentives for these new products and market opportunities in which this
venture could become a leader and flourish.
For additional information, contact Subhash Dhar, President, Ovonic Battery Company
1707 Northwood, Troy, Michigan 48084 U.S.A. Telephone 810.362.1750. Fax 810.362.0332.
ECD Photovoltaic Technology for India
Energy Conversion Devices (ECD), a materials technology company, would like to
bring its unique photovoltaic (PV) technology to India. ECD's PV products, which
utilize thin-film amorphous-silicon-based alloy materials and a unique production
process, are lightweight, flexible, rugged and, in high-volume production,
economically competitive with fossil fuel energy sources. In addition to introducing
its PV product to the Indian market, ECD is interested in joining forces with a major
Indian company to form a joint venture to produce its product in India for sale
worldwide.
ECD has formed similar alliances for production of its products in other parts of the
world. Like those ventures, ECD would provide the Indian venture with rights in
its existing PV technology as well as rights in ongoing improvements to the
technology. ECD would train Indian employees at its Troy, Michigan, facility as well
as provide startup assistance in India. ECD also would manufacture the production
equipment for the venture at its machine-building facilities in Michigan.
PV technology has worldwide environmental benefits. This venture not only can
provide these global benefits in a cost-effective way, but also would provide
significant economic benefits to both India and the United States. The venture's
products would address vast markets for remote applications in rural India and
elsewhere. They are equally cost-effective in providing electricity through utility
grid systems. Through this venture, India would reduce its consumption of
imported oil, find very large export markets and benefit from the new industries
that would emerge from the production, marketing and installation of PV systems,
such as lighting and water pumping, that use the modules.
E
c
D
Background
Page 2
Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) was founded in 1960 by Stanford R. Ovshinsky
and his wife, Dr. Iris M. Ovshinsky, to extend Mr. Ovshinsky's pioneering work in
amorphous and disordered materials. ECD's goal was to develop commercial
products based on these new synthetic materials to address important
environmental, energy and materials markets.
Since then, ECD has developed a broad body of basic materials knowledge, process
know-how, and an extensive patent portfolio (420 United States patents and more
than 950 corresponding foreign patents) covering a wide range of materials, product
applications, and manufacturing processes. The company's products are
manufactured by ECD and its subsidiaries and joint ventures and through licensing
agreements. ECD also designs, develops and builds manufacturing machinery for
its own use as well as for its joint ventures, licensees and business partners.
One of ECD's principal technologies is photovoltaics (PV) -- the direct conversion of
sunlight to electrical energy. ECD is a leader in thin film amorphous silicon PV
technology and has long been committed to making PV technically and
economically viable to meet the global need for clean, safe and non-polluting energy.
Crystalline silicon was the original workhorse technology of the PV industry. First
developed for use in earth satellites, conventional solar cells are fabricated from
single crystal or polycrystalline silicon semiconductor materials. Notwithstanding
the substantial advances that have been made in the development of this technology,
the cost of crystalline PV modules still is high because of high materials costs and
because many processing steps are needed to manufacture the modules. Crystalline
silicon modules also are bulky and break easily.
The production of economically viable PV modules depends on four key factors:
-- Low material cost
-- High energy conversion efficiency with good stability
-- Cost effective production processes
-- High yield
Only when these four factors are met will large-scale, cost-effective PV applications
be possible.
An attractive way to reduce the material cost in a solar cell is to use thin film,
vapor-deposited amorphous silicon alloy materials. Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
absorbs light more efficiently than its crystalline counterpart. The solar cell
thickness can therefore be 50 to 100 times smaller, thereby significantly reducing
material cost. Amorphous cells with different light-absorption properties can also
be deposited one on top of another to capture the broad solar spectrum more
effectively and this increases the energy-conversion efficiency of the multi-cell
device. Using this approach, ECD has demonstrated a world-record cell efficiency
of 13.7 percent for a-Si alloy cells using a triple-cell PV device structure.
Page 3
In January 1994, United Solar Systems Corp. (United Solar) - a U.S. joint venture
between ECD and Canon - and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), announced
the achievement of 10.2 percent stabilized efficiency for a large-area a-Si alloy solar
module. The module uses ECD's advanced PV technology and surpasses the 10
percent goal set by the DOE. According to DOE, "This is a major achievement for
the company, the DOE/industry cooperative effort and the U.S. Realizing the 10
percent performance milestone means that thin-films with its promise of low cost
production moves into commercial reality."
To further reduce the manufacturing cost of PV modules, ECD also pioneered the
development of a proprietary continuous roll-to-roll solar cell deposition process.
Using a roll of stainless steel that is typically a half-mile long and 14 inches wide,
nine thin-film layers of a-Si alloy are deposited sequentially in a high-yield,
automated machine shown in Fig. 1 to make a continuous, stacked three-cell
structure. The roll of solar cell material then is processed further for use in a variety
of PV products.
Fig 1. ECD's continuous roll-to-roll amorphous silicon deposition machine.
Page 4
Therefore, it is apparent that all of the four key factors required to make PV
economically viable are addressed very effectively by the ECD/United Solar
technology. The technology also provides PV products that are substantially
lighter and more rugged than other PV technologies, require much less energy to
produce and, in high volume production, will result in a significantly lower cost
than is attainable with other technologies. Equally important, the technology is
protected by more than 130 issued U.S. Patents.
ECD, its subsidiaries and joint ventures have been in commercial production of
solar cells and a variety of PV products since 1985, selling PV modules and
systems throughout the world and building several generations of PV
manufacturing plants. ECD's amorphous silicon alloy PV technology and
production process are designed to reduce the current PV module cost from $5
per peak watt to less than $1 in high volume production. The anticipated cost
reduction will remove existing cost barriers and expand immensely the use of
solar electricity. At sufficiently high volume production, electricity produced by
ECD's PV technology can be cost competetive with conventional fossil fuels, not
only for peak-power production and use in remote areas, but also for baseload
generation.
ECD has formed two major joint ventures to commercialize its PV products. In July
1990, ECD and Canon formed United Solar Systems Corp. to manufacture PV
products in the United States. ECD and Canon each own 49.98 percent of United
Solar with the balance held by Haru Reischauer, author and wife of the former U.S.
ambassador to Japan, Edwin Reischauer. United Solar currently operates a PV
manufacturing plant in Troy, Michigan, which is capable of producing 2 megawatts
(MW) of PV cells annually. United Solar recently established a new module
manufacturing facility in Mexico and a new marketing warehouse facility in
California. Most importantly, it has constructed an expanded large-volume facility
that will be operational in the U.S. in late 1996.
In 1990, ECD formed a second joint venture, Sovlux, to manufacture PV products
and systems, including batteries, in Russia and to sell these products worldwide.
Sovlux is owned 50 percent by ECD and 50 percent by Scientific and Industrial
Enterprise (KVANT). KVANT is a highly-qualified company that manufactures PV
systems for a wide range of applications. It is a leader in providing solar power
systems for grid-connected PV power and it also provided PV for the entire Soviet
space program. Among its many accomplishments is deployment of a 30 kW
system for the MIR space station. ECD constructed the 2 MW turn-key plant for
Sovlux shown in Fig. 2 This plant manufactures PV cells and modules that use
ECD's most advanced PV technology with a triple-cell, spectrum-splitting device
structure. Construction of a much larger-scale plant by ECD for Sovlux is being
planned.
Page 5
Fig 2. The Sovlux 2MW annual capacity turn-key PV manufacturing plant.
ECD/United Solar have had a long and rewarding relationship with the U.S.
Department of Energy. Currently, ECD has a number of ongoing DOE contracts,
including an approximately $10.8 million cost-sharing contract for the further
development of advanced PV manufacturing technologies; a $650,000 contract for
utility PV applications; and a $9.2 million cost-sharing contract to develop PV
modules to be integrated into buildings as a roofing material in lieu of shingles.
ECD and United Solar also have ongoing DOE R&D contracts aimed at achieving
even higher cell efficiency.
ECD, United Solar and Sovlux would like to expand its operations and introduce
these unique, lightweight, flexible PV products into markets in various developing
countries. These products can very profitably address many markets. These
markets include electricity for remote locations, lighting, water pumping and
communications and can also begin to address India's other vast electrical needs.
Two systems -- a large solar array and a self-contained PV powered lighting system
for a rural dwelling -- are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Page 6
Fig 3. A grid-connected amorphous silicon PV array manufactured by ECD.
Fig 4. Self-contained PV rural dwelling lighting system incorporates ECD's rugged, lightweight PV
module and long-life, high energy capacity nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries.
Page 7
ECD envisions establishing a business alliance with a major Indian company along
lines similar to its relationships with other joint venture partners. ECD would
provide to the joint venture its exclusive existing technology, as well as provide
ongoing improvements in ECD's most advanced technologies. ECD would
manufacture the production equipment for the venture at its machine-building
facilities in Troy, Michigan, where it already has built five generations of PV
production equipment. ECD would also train Indian scientists and engineers at its
Troy facility as well as provide startup assistance.
The proposed strategic alliance would benefit both the United States and India. The
production machinery would be designed and built in the United States, and profits
from the production and sale of the PV products would also flow to the United
States. India would benefit from the new industries growing out of the production
of PV modules and systems (such as lighting and water pumping) and would
reduce its consumption of imported oil. In addition, everyone would gain from the
environmental benefits of this advanced clean energy technology.
For additional information, contact Nancy Bacon, Senior Vice President, Energy Conversion Devices,
1675 West Maple Road, Troy, Michigan 48084 U.S.A. Telephone 810.280.1900. Fax 810.280.1456.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 1, 1995
Dr. Merle Lefkoff
Ars Publica
535 Cordova Road, Suite 401
Santa Fe, NM 87501
Dear Dr. Lefkoff:
Mrs. Clinton asked me to thank you for
sending the summary of the important work Ars
Publica has been doing in former Yugoslavia.
Thank you for your support and good luck
with your efforts. Best wishes.
Sincerely,
Nice Deen
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
R
O
Ars Publica
535 CORDOVA ROAD, SUITE 401 SANTA FE, NM 87501 PHONE (505) 988-1967 FAX (505) 988-4727
May 26, 1995
Dear Mrs. Clinton,
Enclosed is information on the work that my organization has been doing in former
Yugoslavia. We thought you might be interested because of the your administration's
attempt to bring peace to that area. Understanding how difficult that is, we applaud
your efforts. We feel that the creation and support of women leaders is an essential
part of the peace process there.
If you would like further information about what we are doing or plan to do in the
furture, please get in touch. I will be returning to the area in June. Thank you for your
attention.
Sincerely,
mele Lefhaff
Merle Lefkoff
O
Ars Publica
535 CORDOVA ROAD, SUITE 401 SANTA FE, NM 87501 PHONE (505) 988-1967 FAX (505) 988-4727
Date: February 23, 1995
To: Monica Dorbandt, Winston Foundation
From: Dr. Merle Lefkoff, Ars Publica
Re: Update on Eastern European Women's Workshop one year ago in
Montezuma, New Mexico
In February, 1994, in Montezuma, New Mexico, twelve women leaders
from the war zones of Central and Eastern Europe met their North
American partners for a week-long workshop. The workshop
explored themes of women in conflict, women as leaders, women as
heads of NGO's (non-governmental organizations) in emerging
democracies, and women as survivors of trauma and war. The over-
arching theme was one of hope and reconciliation through the
empowerment of new models of conflict resolution.
The Winston Foundation gave important seed money of $7500 for this
effort. Ultimately, $34,000 was raised to cover the expenses of the
workshop, some editing of workshop videotape that was prepared
and delivered to the European women, as well as three follow-up
visits to Croatia to deliver requested conflict resolution training to
the Center for Women War Victims in Zagreb.
In just one short year, much as happened as the result of the
workshop. Our women participants from the Yugoslav Successor
States were hosted in Vienna by Ambassador Swannee Hunt, U.S.
Ambassador to Austria, SO that she might have a briefing on the New
Mexico workshop. She often hosts the Bosnian peace negotiations,
and she has sought our input. Most important, the U.S. Agency for
International Development (A.I.D.) has funded the $2.2 million STAR
Project as the result of a proposal developed from the workshop.
Attached is a description of the STAR Project and it's activities, all
of which resulted from requests at the New Mexico workshop.
Winston can be very proud that $7500 has almost immediately been
leveraged into $2.2 million!
I am getting ready for my fourth trip to the region in the past nine
months and will be leading the STAR conflict resolution training
team in Croatia, Bosnia and Macedonia. But please note that the
A.I.D. money may only be used in those three contries. 1 am terribly
concerned to follow up requests from our other workshop
particpants, and there is no funding to do that. They are: Arzu
Abdullayeva (Azerbaijan); Gaiane Beglarian (Nagorno-Karabakh);
Melinda Borbely (Romania); Nadezda Cetkovic (Serbia); Viosa Dobruna
(Kosova); Karin Khachaturian (Armenia); Filloreta Kodra (Albania);
and Gabriella Molnar (Hungary).
We have also produced two newsletters, with lots of wonderful
donated time (the next one goes out on Monday), and I enclose copies
of both. The networking that continues is extremely important S0
that the isolation and fear these women live with every day may be
tempered.
Thank you for your past support. I look forward to working with you
in the immediate future, because there is great need.
The STAR Project of Delphi International:
Strategies, Training and Advocacy for Reconciliation
In the crisis of ethnic conflict, war, and economic dislocation in the former Yugoslavia, women leaders
have emerged as new and courageous voices in the quest for peace and development. New approaches
to foreign assistance and development must give support to these community leaders who need tools and
resources for resolving conflicts and building sustainable citizen organizations in these societies in
transition. The STAR Project of Delphi International has responded promptly to this challenge. Under
a three-year cooperative agreement with the U.S. Agency for International Development, the STAR
Project will give technical assistance to women's organizations in Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, and
Macedonia in four areas: conflict resolution, communications. microenterprise development, and women's
reproductive health.
The STAR Project grew out of a partnership between women leaders from the former Yugoslav republics
and their U.S. counterparts who met together last February to learn about conflict resolution as an
important process for women's organizations. Leaders from such groups as the Center for Women War
Survivors in Zagreb, Medica Zenica in Bosnia, and the League of Albanian Women in Macedonia
requested assistance from a team of highly experienced U.S. consultants to help them build their
organizational capacity, improve communications with one another by electronic mail. move toward
economic self-sufficiency by starting up small businesses, build a grassroots women's health movement,
and become leaders in conflict resolution. A small subgrants program in each of the three countries will
pilot new models for building sustainable private funding resources and/or local loan funds for these new
initiatives in microenterprise development. communications, and women's health.
The technical assistance, training, and resources of STAR will be available to women's groups in the
region demonstrating a commitment to and track record of working across ethnic lines. It is these
connections between women--across communities, regions, and national borders-that will shape STAR
as a powerful and resourceful network of skilled indigenous leaders and nongovernmental organizations.
STAR will work to build links with women's organizations in the U.S. and around the globe: The
experience of these women from the former Yugoslav republics in conflict resolution and in rebuilding
shattered communities offers priceless "lessons without borders."
The STAR Project is co-directed by Jill Benderly and Lael Stegall, with program management and
administrative support from the Washington, D.C.,-based private voluntary organization Delphi
International. Delphi, Benderly, Stegall, and the small team of U.S.-based consultants bring years of
experience in nonprofit management and third-sector development, conflict resolution. philanthropy, and
social change work in multicultural communities. Benderly, a fluent Serbo-Croat speaker and area
specialist, will reside in Zagreb, Croatia, for three years.
For further information, contact:
Claudia Crawford, Project Manager, Delphi International
Tel: (202) 898-0950
Fax: (202) 842-0885
E-mail: [email protected]
Volume 1. Number 1 Spring 1994
Peace
28
The Newsletter of the Montezuma Conference
WS. Flash
As a direct result of the Montezuma Conference, women
from the former Yugoslavia have been asked to participate in
Bosnian peace talks. U.S. Ambassador to Vienna Swanee
Hunt has asked for a brief from the women from the former
Yugoslavia who were part of the Montezuma group and will
pay for them to come to Vienna and participate in the upcom-
ing peace talks.
Secondly, please stay tuned: There is increasing evidence-
that there will be я meeting in Geneva. It is likely to be in
May. We will let you know the date as soon as we are aware
of it.
News
The energy of the Montezuma Conference
Women's Infoteka, Zagreh; Women's Human
went.with its participants on the flight back
Rights Group, Zagreh; Women of the Anti-
Resources
across the Atlantic Ocean. Marijana Biljana
War Campaign, Zagreb; and The Autono-
says more proposals for the Geneva Confer-
mous Women's House, Zagreb.
ence were drafted. Merle Lefkoff has been
The DC Ad Hoc Coaltion to Oppose War
asked to work on conflict resolution with the
To: Mr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Crimes Against Women in the Former Yu-
former Yugoslav participants. A date has not
We, women of the world are against the
goslavia.
yet been set for the conference. Marijana said
logic of war, war violence and destruction.
The coalition was established in February
the group decided that the conference would
We, women of the world protest against
1993 by concerned individuals and represen-
be an ideal time to set up the Regional As-
the cynical and hypocritical talks about
tatives of a variety of social service, legal,
sociation of Women from the Balkan, partic-
peace, the inefficiency of the international
human rights and women's organizations in
ularly because women from Italy, Greece,
community, and the insensibility of the mc-
the Washington. D.C., area.
ia, Hungary, Romania and Austria
dia which all together attend the war: " is
The purpose of the informal coalition is
to establish я network that:
In the others during the last two days.
obvious that the war in Bosnia and Herzego-
vina is today the conscience of the interna-
protests and publicizes the violation of
Other "flying over the Atlantic" notes in-
tional community.
all human rights throughout the former
cluded desperate sadness after reading about
We, women of the world demand on im-
Yugoslavia, particularly the war crimes
and looking at the pictures of the Sarajevo
mediate halt to the killings.
against women. such as systematic rape
massacre. However, the unhappiness
We, women of the world demand than the
and forced pregnancy. that have been
spawned ideas. The group organized a wom-
displaced people be able to return 11) their
used as weapons of war,
en's symbolic action to solicit women's pro-
homes.
supports activities of the anti-war and
letters to Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the
We, women of the world demand the es-
women's groups in all the comitries of
United Nations in general. The thrust was to
sential right to live for the civilians in Bos-
the former Yngoslavia.
put pressure on former Yugoslav leaders to
nin and Herzogovina.
sign the peace agreement and "impose the
We, women of the world turn to you Mr.
identifies the needs of women and chil-
e solution."
Boutros Boutros-Ghali on the occasion of In-
dren in the region. and
Marijana said the group planned to contact
ternational Women's Day to exercise the an-
recommends actions to be taken by indi-
women's groups, not only from their region,
thority of the United Nations, the interna-
viduals as well as by U.S., internation-
but around the world. The plan was to have
tional community and your own. to force the
al. and non-governmental agencies on
one person in Zagreb coordinating the whole
leaders of the warring sides in Bosnia and
behalf of those women and their fami-
action. "We also plan by connections we've
Herzegovina to unconditionally accept n
lies who have suffered from the atroci-
already had to cover Italy, Germany, Austria,
peaceful solution.
ties committed during the war.
Sweden, Great Britain. Spain, France.
Pence is our only chance.
Chezch Republic, Hungary mostly the
Women of theWorld, 1994
Three groups have been established in
whole of Europe," said Marijana. "But some
support of the Coalition's objectives: Social
countries from Asia too (Japan, Malaysia,
Women and women's organizations
Services Working Group, International Legal
Hong Kong, the Phillipines, etc.)"
around the world were asked to translate the
Working Group, and the Political Action
The result was that the following letter
letter into their languages, to send copies to
Working Group. They work independently to
was initiated by Medica-Zenica, Bosnia and
other groups, organizations and individuals
bring about change and relief for the women
Herzegovina; Women's Lobby, Zagreb; Cen-
and to collect as many signatures as possi-
and children throughout the former Yugo-
slavia.
ter for Women Victims of War, Zagreb:
ble. The goal was one million signatures.
iella Molnar suggested the title of Peace 28 for the Montezuma Conference group. If you have
another suggestion, please let us know. Send us your vote. and all other information for publica-
tion to Ars Publica; 624 Agua Fria; Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 USA; Fax (505) 988-4727.
Peace
28
Page 2
Resources
News
he Network of East-West Women supports action and organizations that empower women
Sharon Burde sends word that she spoke
in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union through dialogue, networking. ed-
March 17 in New York to the Commission
ucation, activism, and information exchange among women East and West.
for Women's Equality of the American Jew-
A sampling of NEWW's many activities includes:
ish Congress and the Jewish Ad-Hoc Com-
mittee on Bosnia.
Setting up an E-mail network to govern ourselves internationally, to engage in simul-
Sharon's topic was "Women Overcoming
taneous discussions of issues of common concern, and to enhance mutuality of aid
Ethnic Conflicts in Eastern Europe: The
Providing start-up funds and/or strategic assistance for women's centers, projects, con-
Montezuma Conference 1994."
ferences, publications, and grass-roots activist campaigns
Supporting research on women's history in these countries
The Chronicle of Higher Education ran an
article Feb. 2 entitled "The Fate of Femi-
Providing information, directories, and mailings
nism in Eastern Europe." by Nanette Funk.
Helping build feminist libraries upon request
Speaking to her fellow Americans, Funk
Arranging formal and informal gatherings for women visiting any locale in our interna-
said "We in the West have a lot to learn
tion community
about talking to-and supporting--women
in the former Communist countries."
Doing collaborative work with individuals and organizations in media, education, envi-
Funk has recently published a book on
ronment, health care, and political lobbying.
gender politics and post-Communism in
NEWW has worked with these organizations, among others: Center for Women War Vic-
Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
tims (Zagreb), Federation for Women & Family Planning (Warsaw), Feminist Network (Bu-
da₁ 1, Free Feminists (Sofia), Gender Studies Center (Prague), International PEN, Women's
Section (New York City), MADRE (New York City), MONA (Budapest), Moscow Center
Rosemary Zibart wrote an article in the
for Gender Studies, Polish Feminist Association (Warsaw), Slovak Women's Club (Belgrade).
Open Forum section of the San Francisco
Chronicle Feb. 16 about the Montezuma
and Ukraine Women's Studies (Kiev).
Conference. It was entitled "Do We Have
The Means To Solve Ethnic Conflict?"
Rosemary also is producing я documentary
Women of the World (WOW) is a non-profit corporation registered in the state of Kansas.
about the conference.
WOW's mission is to provide tools and training necessary to help women prepare for political
campaigns in emerging democracies worldwide.
The Zagreb Women's Human Right
The first intensive training center was in St. Petersburg, Russia, Nov. 16-18, 1993. Twen-
Group sends a message to women's groups
fee women leaders enrolled to learn the fundamentals of message development, press rela-
and organizations, international and national
and media, grassroots organizing, research, polling and fundraising.
human rights organizations. international or-
Based on the success of WOW's first seminar and the high marks received from women par-
ganizations such as the United Nations. the
ticipants, WOW was invited to return to St. Petersburg in February to train women candidates
Economic Council, the Council of Europe
for the March 20 city council election.
and others. The subject is the violation of
Additionally, WOW was asked by the National Democratic Institute for International Af-
women's human rights in Croatia.
fairs to conduct я training seminar in Kiev, Ukraine, the week following the St. Petersburg
The communication states that: "Despite
seminar. WOW has secured funding for both seminars from NDI and Rockefeller Financial
numerous warnings by international institu-
Services.
tions and the constant efforts of Croatian
WOW is presently staffed by volunteer consultants but plans to have a staff of three to five
non-governmental human rights organiza-
people within the next year and to expand as activities increase.
tions. the Croatian government has not esta-
Women of the World will continue to focus its efforts in Eastern Europe and the former
blished legal mechanisms for preventing un-
Soviet Union. Three seminars will be held in this region between May and December 1994.
lawful evictions of its citizens from
This training will assist women to become more self-sufficient in election strategies and tac-
apartments that formerly belonged to the
tics.
For more information about the group and its seminars, write Women of the World; 800
JNA (Yugoslav National Army) and are now
in the possession of the Croatian Ministry
SW Jackson, Suite 1001: Topeka, Kansas 66212 USA. Tel. (913) 234-0050. Telefax (913)
of Defense.
234-0054.
"According to estimates made by Croatian
human rights organizations, thousands of oc-
cupants of such apartments have been evicted
over the past year in Croatia. These evic-
Psychologists for Social Responsibility write that they have educational brochures availa-
tions are conducted by the regular Croatian
ble for people who read Croatian/Bosnian/Serbian in the Latin alphabet as well as Cyrillic.
army soldiers and a majority of the victims
Panel one of the brochure discusses war trauma and recovery.
are women and children. After interventions
It begins: "This brochure is for all of you, men, women and children, old and young, from
were made by human rights organizations
town and village, who have been exposed to ongoing traumatic war experiences and life-
and by the UN special army. Tsadensz Ma-
threatening situations: For all of you who have been exposed to, or witnessed violence: for
zowiecki, the Croatian government an-
those of you who have lost your homes and all your belongings; for all who have lost loved
nounced Я moratorium on these illegal evic-
ones in this war; for displaced people: but also for those of you whose family and friends have
tions."
rrible experiences or you who have only listened to them."
It goes on to say that evictions continue.
Continued on page 3
Continued on page 3
Peace
28
Page 3
Peace work: Women's work
Work is under way on the educational
video on international conflict resolution
based on the Montezuma Conference. The
video, with voice-overs in English, Rus-
sian and Serbo-Croatian, will be 30 min-
utes long.
The first cut of the video (rough) will
be sent to all Montezuma workshop par-
ticipants. The completed video will be
used as part of the educational process for
people interested in learning about conflict
resolution.
News
Resources
from page 2
from page 2
prir ily in Split over the last two months.
It goes on to say that these people the pamphlets are addressing may be experiencing feel-
During the evictions, the Croatian army sol-
ings they are not prepared for and don't know how to deal with. It stresses the importance of
diers insulted, mistreated and threatened the
taking care of issues that have arisen from their traumatic experiences and explains that the
women and cited "cleansing Croatia of all
brochure is designed to help them understand their reactions and those of loved ones, and to
the impure, non-Croatian blood" as their rea-
suggest ways to overcome these difficult situations.
son.
The brochure goes on to outline what "normal reactions" might be and how people re-
"We are saddened that the Croatian gov-
spond. Psychologists for Social Responsibility group common reactions under cognitive,
ernment has not taken care of the basic needs
spiritual, physical relational, behavioral and emotional and detail them in the pamphlet. The
of all of those who have suffered in this war
brochure includes a separate section on "The Special Cases of Rape and Torture."
e encourage that these problems be
It outlines what people can do for themselves to recovery from trauma, such as taking care
-but in A legal and non-violent way,"
of physical health and emotional needs, establishing daily habits, and constructively dealing
the protest document reads.
with painful memories-to mention я few.
It calls for an end to lawlessness and gen-
To obtain copies of the brochures, write Psychologists for Social Responsibility: 2607
-based discrimination and cites The Con-
Connecticut Avenue, NW: Washington. D.C. 20008. Or telephone (202) 745-7084.
vention on the Elimination of All Forms of
The group also publishes Я newsletter three times a year that deals with international is-
Discrimination Against Women. "Even
sues and the field of psychology. It hosts an International Symposium on the Contributions
though this Convention was ratified after
of Psychology to Peace every year and provides a network for international action opportuni-
Croatia proclaimed its independence, it has
ties and resources such as guides to conflict resolution, conferences on non-violence, the Hu-
been neglected and many of the most basic
man Rights Organizations Periodical Directory and workshops on peacebuilding and multi-
hur I rights of women have been brutally
track diplomacy.
violated.
"Therefore we encourage all groups, or-
ganizations and institutions and individuals
Prime Minister
who are concerned about women's human
Predsjodnik Vlade
Foreign Minister
rights to protest this on-going violation in
Republike Hrvatske
Ministar vanjshik polova
Croatia. Please send your statements of pro-
Nikica Valentic
Visoka 22
test to the Croatian Authorities in your
Tel. (+385 41) 469-222
41000 Zagreb Croatia
country, your ambassadors to Croatia and/or
Fax. (+385 41) 277-082
Tel. (+385 41) 423-389. 451-102
directly to Croatian authorities (see follow-
Interior Minister
Fax. (+385 41) 424-390
ing list).
Ivan Jarnjak
Ministar unutarnjih poslova
Head of Region of Dalmatia
President of the Republic of Croatia
Republika Hrvatske
Poglavarstvo dalmatinske zupenije
Predsjednik Roublike Hrvatske
Savska 39
Tel. (+385 58) 210-799
Dr. Franjo Tudjman
41000 Zagreb, Croatia
Fax. (385 58) 211-255
Tel. (+385 41) 465-192
Tel. (+385 41) 622-111
Fax (+385-41) 443-075
The following groups have joined
Minister of Defense
the Zagreb Women's Human Rights
President of the Parliament
Minister obrane
Group in this protest:
Predsiodnik Sabora
Gojko Susak
Zagreb Women's Lobby, Center
0 Zagreb Croatia
Trg. kralja P. Krosimira IVm br. I
for Women War Victims, women
+385 41) 420-526
41000 Zagreb Croatia
from the AntiWar Campaign (Croa-
Fax. (+385 41) 443 522
Tel. (+385 41) 443-836. 467-111
tia). Autonomous Women's House
Fax. (+385 41) 450-236
and Women's Infoteka.
Peace
28
Page 4
Letters
miss you all and very much so. I miss
quest permission to
tezuma, our workshops. our hope that
speak. I don't want
could live differently. I am bursting with
to recognize the
positive energy and I am emitting it all
spirit of Radovan
around. That is the most visible result of my
Karadzic in any of
sojourn with you.
them. Laughter
Just now I have finished the latest issue of
raises my spirits
the journal "Feminist Notebooks" which will
back
be published March 8, 1994.
Gabrielle from
We would appreciate very much financial
Budapest in small
support of a feminist group from the U.S.
voice, almost child-
Six issues per annum with 150 pages costs
ish, tells her family
about $9 U.S.
history I would
We do not make a profit in selling it.
like us to talk of
Women in general are very poor, but it has
the women's histo-
an enlightening mission.
ry, unwritten, that
I am forwarding you the article about my
differs in many as-
stay in America (Excerpts follow.)
pects, which will
Love, Nadezda
be closest to Ga-
In and About America-Personally
briella and me, and
Ocean crossing is я long and very tiresome
above all, which is
event, even in à jumbo-jet. The day is
not going to separate us. On the contrary, it
tion In the summary discussion at the end
stretched to suit me perfectly. It lasts 10
would enable us to weave a net of women
of the day, most impressive part, for me,
hours longer.
solidarity and understanding. I am expressing
was the fact that Viosa and I peacefully and
The first impression from the plane soar-
my fear that historical stories might confront
friendly discussed, in public, Serbo-Croatian
ing above Atlanta is a big junk yar down be-
us, put us in the function of male politics,
relations. For Gabrielle most impressive
low. All over the place there are scattered van
and we are gathered here to find out the
were tearful eyes of men listening to She-
containers, orderless, abandoned. as if whole
means to arrange the world differently am
ryll's formidable experience I said that in
America was once settled in the containers.
exhausted. How much intense listening and
spite of being against violence, after having
The Atlanta airport-a frightening technical
only two objections can exhaust!
worked with women victims of rape in war.
montster. A metro is winding between plane
Conflict resolution-exercise performed
trying hard to survive their misfortune, I had
hasbours. Everything is happening too fast.
in front of students of the World College, re-
a secret wish to castrate thousands of war Ta-
f sickly fat men and women.
lated to Serbo-Albanian and Macedonia-
pists The men must do much more than to
ita Fe is something else. The town is
Serbian strained relations. There are seven of
shed a few tears condemning a brute and a ra-
in compliance with human standards. Terra-
us It is obvious that our American friends
pist
cotta houses emerge out of red earth. Low.
are more nervous than we I am spending
Plentiful of fruits and vegetables coming
Even the richest among them look like Indi-
my precious four minutes explaining Mr.
directly from gardens of Eden-a party with
pueblos. They differ in electronic and au-
Milosevic's position. I haven't had time
Hispano-American women; a party with the
tomatic equipment only. In Santa Fe one can
enough even to criticize it. 1 am eating my-
president of the college; A party at Merle's
feel beauty and power of Indian culture
self up for starting from such a remote posi-
house In America people live fast, think
We and American women. We-each of US
tion Now, I am talking fast about our op-
fast, decide effectively. act contradictorally
bears visible hard-life traces regardless of age
position. I express my personal admiration
All this took place near Los Alamos where
group. American women-relaxed, nou-
for Albanian people who choose peaceful
nuclear weapons were produced. Nuclear
rished, flashing smiles, happy to organize a
conflict resolution.
weapons, peace initiatives-America can ab-
week in our lives according to a prosperous
Merle warns us that hard words as "geno-
sorb as well
society standards.
cide," "extermination," "descrimination,"
The first day starts with Я serious discus-
etc., should be left out because they are clos-
(Written around midnight 18-19 February.
sion. The women are presenting maps, draw-
ing dialogue possibilities. Small, positive
1994, while expecting bombarding of Bosnia
ing borders, explaining. I feel fearful. I re-
steps should be taken toward conflict resolu-
announced by NATO forces.)
From Toronto
(Excerpted from one of Grace Feuerverger's students' letters)
SO little that is positive. It also saddens me that our supposedly free
Last night, during our class of "Language, Culture and Identity,"
news media can't do a better job of reporting the realities of life in
Grace told us about the continuing horrors of war, including mass
Bosnia I will do what I can—I will send some books and small
rapes and atrocities, in Bosnia. She also described the belief of wom-
items like soap to help. But it might mean something, too, as Grace
en she met at the conference that the UN peacekeeping troops. includ-
said, just for you to know that not everyone in the West has forgot-
ing the Canadians, are doing nothing to prevent the violence and are
ten about you I am grateful that I have a home with light and heat
sometimes participating in it. This is terrible news for Canadians (al-
and food. that my wife and daughter are not likely to be raped tomor-
though of course it is much worse for the people of Bosnia) because
row, that I can go about my life without being shot at or forced to
we like to think of ourselves as doing good internationally. of help-
shoot at others. I wish the human race as 8 whole could learn to over-
ing rather than hurting. And then this morning the news came that
come tribalism and prejudice and see others not as the "other," subhu-
is deliberating whether to use strikes to convince Serb troops
man, despised. deserving to be victimized-but as fellow humans
back their heavy artillery from Sarajevo. It is hard, from our
who feel and suffer just as deeply. How we get there, I don't
rtable (if cold) perspective in Canada, to know what is the right
know Perhaps you could tell us. through Grace, what you think the
answer I feel shame that our Canadian troops are apparently doing
Western powers and NATO should do, and should not do. to help.
John Oughton-poet, community college teacher and student
Photographs by Cindy Ewing
A-6 THE NEW MEXICAN Sunday, May 14, 1995
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Hope
Seeking out conflic
Santa Fe woman has traveled
the world to get people talking
ranged from hard economic
By NANCY PLEVIN
times in their homeland to
The New Mexican
Steven Spielberg. The tall, self-
assured woman mightily im-
In a world where ancient eth-
pressed her traveling compan-
nic hatreds are exploding into re-
ions by matching them toast for
gional wars, a Santa Fe resident
toast, shot for shot, of Hungarian
travels the globe bringing ene-
brandy.
mies to the table to learn a new
And she worked unceasingly -
language - a dialect of under-
whether in meetings, on the
standing, shared pain and peace.
street or in restaurants - to dis-
Merle Lefkoff, a prepossessing
pel the region's widespread fatal-
woman with boundless energy
ism, expressed succinctly in
and an iron constitution, has me-
Croatia by a young Catholic Alba-
diated between Arab and Jew,
nian waiter, who said, sadly:
Contra and Sandinista, Muslim,
"Even if we make some kind of
Christian and Druse.
peace - in 50 years, it will hap-
A professional negotiator for
pen again."
two decades, the mother of four
Lefkoff's voice - nearly gone
and granddaughter of Hungarian
by the end of the three-week trip
Jews is now immersed in the
-- bears no trace of her rural
enigmatic conflicts wracking the
South Carolina roots. She grew
struggling new republics of for-
up in Sumter, where her father
mer Yugoslavia.
ran a cotton plant. Her path to
Lefkoff, who is in her 50s but
professional mediator began
declines to reveal her exact age,
amid cross burnings by the Ku
has been traveling to the region
Klux Klan and the segregated
This typical Yugoslav village - witl
for a year, trying to bring to-
South's Jim Crow laws.
gether community leaders, activ-
"My parents had moved to the
ists and everyday people from
rural South from New York City
warring nationalities.
and they were liberal Jews,"
Lefkoff's ultimate aim is to
Lefkoff said. "It forced me to
hold dialogues - informal round-
face the contradictions between
table discussions that look a bit
the values I was being taught at
like group therapy - in hopes of
home - of inclusiveness and
making grassroots peace amid
sympathy and empathy for all
official policies of war, genocide
people - and the reality around
and rape.
me.
"At some point this war is go-
"I also was the grandchild of
ing to be over, and these people
immigrants who had faced po-
are going to have to learn to live
groms in Hungary. And there
together in a new way," Lefkoff
were the tales of the Holocaust I
says. "I really do believe that the
heard as a child. A lot of my rela-
transformation of the past his-
tives died in Hungary in the Ho-
tory of the region is going to hap-
locaust."
pen in dialogue.
Lefkoff left home at age 14 to
"In dialogue, people are not
attend a girl's boarding school in
able to keep up the separation
Virginia and began attending
and the barriers. When they are
Emory University in Atlanta two
in dialogue, they can't demonize
years later. At age 18, she mar-
each other. When they are in dia-
ried into an Orthodox Jewish
logue, they can't dehumanize
family, giving birth to two girls
ID HATE
t, negotiating peace
PRESERVATION
PHOTOCOPY
Photos by Nancy Plevin/The New Mexican
its modest white homes, red-tile roofs and rolling hills - sits about 90 minutes south of Belgrade, Serbia.
What is
conflict resolution?
By MERLE LEFKOFF
For The New Mexican
The field of conflict resolution de-
velops new ways of ending disputes
by combining elements of psychol-
ogy, sociology, political science, his-
tory, anthropology, education and the
arts.
The profession of dispute resolu-
tion is relatively new, but it is spread-
ing rapidly around the world. It re-
ceived a boost in 1981 with the publi-
cation of Fisher and Ury's Getting to
Yes, the results of Harvard University
research that asked the question:
'What is the best way for people to
deal with their differences?"
The book, which has been trans-
lated into dozens of languages, en-
courages readers to go beyond the
Charlotte Lowry and Merida
teaching American government
Blanco, also of Santa Fe, and
at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s
Sharon Burde from New York -
alma mater, Morehouse College.
on a whirlwind journey through
She later worked as an envi-
Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia.
ronmental lobbyist at the Geor-
The group shuttled between
gia State Legislature, where she
cities to hold daylong meetings
met then-Gov. Jimmy Carter. Af-
with Macedonian and minority
ter working on Carter's presiden-
Albanian women facing rising
tial campaign, Lefkoff led a con-
ethnic tensions that could boil
gressional task force on public
over into yet another regional
participation in science and tech-
conflagration. A lengthy after-
nology and spent a year working
noon with Gypsy women who are
at the White House.
trying to halt their community's
Several consulting jobs that
disintegration was followed by
studied how to involve citizens in
an interview on Macedonia's
planning and policy decisions led
fledging private radio.
Lefkoff to her current mediation
Then it was off to Serbia for
work beginning in 1976.
Lefkoff and Lowry, who spent
Since that time, Lefkoff - who
several days talking about guilt
moved to Santa Fe 13 years ago
and blame with war protesters
and dresses the part in cowboy
and women's rights activists.
boots and chic attire whether
In Croatia, Lefkoff met with
she's in Taos, Tetova or Tel Aviv
Croatian and Bosnian refugees
- has negotiated with opposition
who have brought the ethnic ha-
leaders during Nicaragua's 1970s
treds that displaced them to the
war and with Arab and Israeli of-
camps where they await an end
ficials over water rights in the
to the war. She spent two days
Middle East.
training international volunteers
She recently developed a man-
Santa Fe mediator Merle Lefkoff, f
who are helping rebuild a war-
ual on conflict resolution that
en's center in Skopje, Macedonia.
ravaged town on the front line.
will be used by 9 million Girl
And she met with the leader of
Scouts in the United States and
ing the one in Montezuma, N.M.
the village's Serbian sector about
Girl Guides in 170 other coun-
In former Yugoslavia, some of
PHOTOCOPY
a possible dialogue with enemy
tries.
Lefkoff's work is paid for by the
Croats.
In New Mexico, Lefkoff and
U.S. Agency for International
PRESERVATION
In between, Lefkoff held nu-
others moderated discussions be-
Development, some by humani-
merous small gatherings with
tween an angry Santa Fe commu-
tarian organizations and the rest
women across former Yugosla-
nity and police after an officer
by Lefkoff herself.
via who sought advice and fund-
fatally shot a mentally disturbed
Her interest in the regior
ing on projects ranging from re-
28-year-old man in 1993.
arose out of participation thre
search centers to hotlines for
Currently, she is working to re-
years ago on a U.S. Institute for
battered women.
solve disputes between Rio
Peace fact-finding mission or
Her broad smile and sympa-
Grande river rafters and resi-
growing ethnic violence in Ro
thetic ear drew conversation
dents who live along the water-
mania.
from most people she encoun-
way, and on setting up a world-
Then a year ago, Lefkoft
tered. With three Ukranian U.N.
wide conflict resolution program
brought 12 women community
soldiers met on a seven-hour
for United World College's nine
leaders from four regional wai
train ride into Croatia, talk
international campuses, includ-
zones to Santa Fe for a weeklong
Austrian
Ottoman
Ottoman
Turks
Turks
14th century
16th century
Turks rule in east
Austrians rule in west
In 1389, Ottoman Turks took Serbia at the Battle of
In 1526, Croatia came under the Catholic Austrian
Kosovo. By the late 15th century, they controlled
king's control. Many Croats converted to Catholicism,
Bosnia-Herzegovina as well. During 400 years of
creating another distinction among Slavs. Tensions
Turkish rule, some Serbs and Croats converted to
between Serbs and Croats in Croatia began when
Islam, eventually creating a split between Muslims and
Austrians relocated thousands of Serbs to the
Orthodox Christians within the land.
Croat-Bosnian border, today's troubled Krajina region.
ground with one another.
Processes used in conflict resolu-
tion include storytelling, role-playing
and "deep listening" for emotion,
pain, history and victimization. Nego-
tiations that seek resolution of peo-
ple's competing values and third-
party mediators also are used.
Ideally, people in conflict should
use traditional processes from their
own cultures to end discord. For ex-
ample, in a custom called sulha, Arab
village elders in Lebanon historically
have resolved their community's dis-
putes.
But safe places to discuss the root
of the conflicts and talk about com-
mon interests often are unavailable,
especially in times of war or when war
is imminent. That's why outside medi-
ators, such as former President
Jimmy Carter, can make a difference
in such places as Haiti or the Sudan.
Much of my work in what is called
"track two" diplomacy is similar. Dip-
lomatic negotiations are held as infor-
mal meetings with impartial facilita-
it, leads a discussion about racism with Macedonian women at a wom-
tors. The talks are aimed at improving
xandra Dukovska, 20, translates for the group.
the relationships of participants in
hopes of advancing later formal nego-
PRESERVATION
PHOTOCOPY
conference on conflict resolu-
and involvement."
tiations.
tion. That led to her current work
Geier said he hopes, with
The Norwegians used such "back-
in former Yugoslavia.
channel" conflict resolution tech-
Lefkoff's help, to train all United
"She has a dynamism in her
World College students and grad-
niques to broker peace between the
own personal training skills and
Israelis and Palestinians after formal
uates in conflict resolution.
she has substantive content in
negotiations deadlocked.
conflict resolution, which allows
"In this highly fragmented age,
Battles that confront us on a daily
other people to take her ideas to
we're looking at grassroots prob-
basis also benefit from conflict reso-
e next step," says Philip O.
lems worldwide - some are geo-
political conflicts, some of them
lution. Disputes with our co-workers,
zeier, president of New Mexi-
friends and families sometimes are
co's United World College.
are problems in terms of move-
the most difficult to handle.
"There are a lot of techniques
ment of people across bound-
and training tools. The trick in
aries. But they are endless local
People who learn to listen instead
her approach is that it's very me-
conflicts, so the more people who
of lashing back, ask questions rather
thodical on one level and very re-
have the skills and the commit-
than judge, and attack the problem
laxed and human on another
ment (to conflict resolution), the
without blaming can be their own me-
level. It allows people feelings
more impact we will have."
diators.
Austro-
Hungarians
Free
Serbia
Under
the monarchy
Ottoman
Turks
Ottoman
19th century
Turks
1919-41
Rise of nationalism
An unruly Yugoslavia emerges
At the 1878 Congress of Berlin, after Russia's defeat
The treaty ending World War I joined the fallen
of the Turks, the Serbs got their independence. But
Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires under King
*her deals made at the Congress angered them.
Alexander. Quarreling by Serbs and Croats, who
sovo and Macedonia, regions the Serbs considered
thought Serbs dominated, led Alexander to rename
eirs, remained with the Turks. Bosnia-Herzegovina
the land Yugoslavia and set up a near dictatorship
-went to the Austro-Hungarians.
in 1929. Croats formed a fascist separatist
movement. the Ustashe.
THE WHIT
OUSE
WASHING I ON
Mr. John Lofton
313 Montgomery Street
Laurel, MD 20707
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 28, 1995
Mr. John Lofton
313 Montgomery Street
Laurel, MD 20707
Dear Mr. Lofton:
Thank you for your interest in
interviewing Mrs. Clinton for your "Letter." "
Unfortunately, Mrs. Clinton is unable to meet
with you at this time.
Perhaps at some future time we can
revisit your request.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
her's Hill
Write
Melzane
&
nice vers
This time, request
no rufat
to to Lisa 91 or just it?
hold
vo
DRAFTbs
February 27, 1995
Mr. John Lofton
313 Montgomery Street
Laurel, MD 20707
Dear Mr. Lofton:
Thank you for your interest in
interviewing Mrs. Clinton for your "Letter."
Unfortunately, duo to her heavy schedule Mrs.
Clinton is unable to do it at this time.
meet with you
Perhaps at some future time we can
revisit your request.
Sincerely yours,
Melanne Verveer
Deputy Chief of Staff
to the First Lady
ROLY
SIBLE
WAS
prebable
JOHN LOFTON
a
20
1/16/95
Dear Ms. Verveer:
Though I am, obviously, a conservative Christian, I am
very interested in Mrs. Clinton's faith. I'd like to interview her
for my "Letter." The interview would run uncut, unedited, just
as she said things. Oh, and I know what off-the-record means.
God bless you all,
John Joton
John Lofton
313 Montgomery St.
Laurel, Md. 20707
Phone: (301) 490-7266
JOHN LOFTON
John Lofton is a Christian/conservative writer, speaker and lay preacher who
publishes "The Lofton Letter" (Box 1142, Laurel, Md. 20725) which is monthly and
looks at life from an orthodox, Christian/Biblical perspective. He wrote a 3-times-a-
week column for the "Washington Times" newspaper. He was editor of the
"Conservative Digest" magazine. He was a commentator on the Mutual Radio
Network for two years. He was editor of the weekly publication of the national
Republican Party in Washington D.C. And he has written a nationally syndicated
newspaper column which once appeared in more than 100 papers across the country.
John Lofton has been on: ABC's "Good Morning America" and "Nightline;"
NBC's "Today" show; and the CBS "Morning News." He has co-hosted the Cable
News Network's "Crossfire" program. He has been on the "Donahue," "Oprah
Winfrey," "Geraldo Rivera," "Jennie Jones," and "Ron Reagan" programs. And,
demonstrating that he is not perfect, he also appeared, inexplicably, more than once
on the wretched "Morton Downey Jr." abomination which was, thank God, canceled.
On these programs, as well as countless coast-to-coast radio talk shows, John Lofton
has debated every leftwing goofball imaginable and some not imaginable but who do,
alas, exist. This category of egregious individuals includes but is not limited to:
Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Ralph Nader, Stokeley Carmichael, Jimmy Breslin, Carl
Rowan and a host of spokesthings for such far-out groups as the idiotically-named
American Civil Liberties Union and the absurdly-titled People For The American Way
who are, historically speaking, un-American.
John Lofton has spoken on many college campuses, secular and religious, the
latter including Liberty University and Bob Jones University. He has also spoken
before many Christian and home school groups. And his writings have appeared in:
"The Washington Post;" "Harper's" magazine; "Christianity Today;" "USA Today;"
"Human Events;" "National Review" magazine; and "The American Spectator." In
addition, he has written for and/or advised: Sen. Jesse Helms of North Carolina; the
pro-life "American Life League;" "The Conservative Caucus" and Dr. James Dobson's
"Family Research Council." And he is the winner of the 1987 Amy Writing Awards
First Prize. He is married to his original wife Barbara. They have 3 children who are
no longer children. He is a grandfather 4 times (the first time at age 44). And he never
went to college which is why, he says, he is so smart. He is a member of an Orthodox
Presbyterian Church. He is a regular columnist for the "Chalcedon Report"
circulation 12,000 internationally to people who also buy and read books) an
rthodox, Bible-believing publication dedicated to the reconstruction of the Christian
faith in all areas of thought and life. He can be reached at: 313 Montgomery Street,
Laurel, Md. 20707. Phone: (301) 490-726 Fax (301) 953-3423.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
M
Divider Title: