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J
Teen Provide
Youth Development/After School/
Violence
file then preg cg
THE
NATIONAL
Campaign Update
CAMPAIGN TO
SUMMER 1997
PREVENT TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET NW SUITE 300
Campaign Officially Launched in May
WASHINGTON DC 20037
Little more than a year after a few
Sue Cameron, County Commissioner
leaders met in response to President
of Tillamook County, Oregon, for her
Clinton's call for a national effort against
community's success in reducing its
PHONE 202.857.8655
teen pregnancy, the National Campaign to
teen pregnancy rate by nearly 75
FAX 202.331.7735
Prevent Teen Pregnancy was formally
percent between 1990 and 1994,
EMAIL:
"launched" in May with a series of high-
accomplished by moving ahead in the
[email protected]
profile events and new reports that brought
face of conflict over what prevention
heightened attention to the importance of
strategies to employ - that is, to
WEB: WWW.TEENPREGNANCY.ORG
reducing teen pregnancy.
"agree to disagree."
THE HON. THOMAS H. KEAN
The First Annual Honors Dinner
Elayne G. Bennett, President and
Founder of the Best Friends
Chair
The launch calendar began Thursday,
Foundation, a school-based program
May 1 - the start of Teen Pregnancy
for girls in grades five through twelve
ISABEL V. SAWHILL
Prevention Month - with the National
that fosters self-respect and promotes
President
Campaign's first annual
honors dinner, where the
many people involved with the
SARAH S. BROWN
birth of the Campaign were
Director
thanked and 12 individuals
and organizations were
honored for their
National Board
contributions to teen
CHARLOTTE BEERS
pregnancy prevention across
LINDA CHAVEZ
the nation. This year's
ANNETTE CUMMING
honorees highlighted several
WILLIAM GALSTON
key Campaign themes, such as
involving men and boys in
KATHARINE GRAHAM
teen pregnancy prevention,
WHOOPI GOLDBERG
enlisting the help of the media,
DAVID A. HAMBURG
engaging young people
The National Campaign honored the work of Sex etc. - A Newsletter by Teens,
IRVING B. HARRIS
directly in solving this
for Teens, at the First Annual Honors Dinner. Susan N. Wilson (center),
executive coordinator for the Network for Family Life Education, which
BARBARA HUBERMAN
problem, making progress in
publishes the newsletter, is joined by editorial board members (from left to
SHEILA JOHNSON
the face of deep value
right), Katrina Braxton, Cecilia V. Lalama, Ira Lederer, and Seo Hee Koh.
disagreements, involving the
THE HON. N. Kassebaum-Baker
business sector, and encouraging parent-
responsible behavior and abstinence, for the
THE HON. C. EVERETT KOOP
child communication. The honorees were:
program's comprehensive approach in
JOHN D. MACOMBER
stressing values, future plans, and self-
SISTER MARY ROSE MCGEADY
Patricia Canessa, President of the Board,
esteem.
Continued on page 2
JUDY MCGRATH
the National Organization on Adolescent
JODY GREENSTONE MILLER
Pregnancy, Parenting, and Prevention
In This Issue:
(NOAPPP), and Russell C. Deyo, Vice
KRISTIN A. MOORE
President for Administration, the Johnson
Tapping the Power of the Media to
HUGH B. PRICE
and Johnson Family of Companies, for their
Reduce Teen Pregnancy page 3
THE HON. WARREN B. RUDMAN
partnership in the National Urban
Sharing Lessons from States and
VICTORIA P. SANT
Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program,
Communities page 5
ISABEL C. STEWART
an effort to identify, evaluate, and disseminate
information about successful adolescent
Campaign Research Review Shows No
THE HON. ANDREW YOUNG
pregnancy prevention programs.
Easy Answers page 9
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
04/30/97 WED 17:50 FAX 2026905673
DHHS/ASPA
5
001
DRAFT
HHS NEWS
Cynthea Rice etal
- 656-6235
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE
NCHS Press Office, (301) 436-7551
Thursday, May 1, 1997
Sandra Smith or Jeffrey Lancashire
TEEN SEX DOWN, NEW STUDY SHOWS
Secretary Shalala Announces New Teen Pregnancy Prevention Grant Programs
The percentage of teenagers who have had sexual intercourse has
declined for the first time after increasing steadily for more than
two decades, HHS Secretary Donna E. Shalala announced today. These
findings are part of a major new study of childbearing and family
planning covering women 15-44 to be released later this month by
HHS.
The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by HHS'
National Center for Health Statistics, found that 50 percent of
women 15-19 years of age had ever had intercourse, the first decline
ever recorded by the periodic survey. The survey previously found
that 55 percent of 15-19 year old women had ever had intercourse in
1990, reflecting a steady increase from 53 percent in 1988 and 47
percent in 1982. Earlier surveys found the percentage to be 36
percent in 1975 and 29 percent in 1970.
Additional research sponsored by HHS' National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development indicates a similar trend for
teenage males. The percentage of never-married males 15-19 who have
ever had sexual intercourse declined from 60 percent in 1988 to 55
percent in 1995, reversing a trend measured since 1979. The NICHD
research was carried out by the Urban Institute.
"We welcome the news that the long term increase in teenage
sexual activity may finally have stopped," said Secretary Shalala.
"But this news should encourage us to do more, not lull us into
doing less. We need to change the cultural messages that have been
accepted too long. Continual increases in teen sexual activity are
not inevitable, and we can take action together to protect the
health and well-being of our young people."
- More -
DHHS/ASPA
I
04/30/97 WED 17:50 FAX 2026905673
002
- 2 -
The survey released today also found increases in the use of
contraceptives at the time of first intercourse. Among women of all
ages, some 76 percent of all those who began having intercourse in
the 1990s used contraception at first intercourse, up from 64
percent in the late 1980s, according to the Survey of Family Growth.
The increase in contraception at first intercourse was a result of
marked increases in condom use: from 18 percent in the 1970's to 36
percent in the late 1980s and 54 percent in the 1990's. The NICHD-
sponsored research also showed an increase in the use of
contraceptives by teenage males or their partners at the time of
first intercourse.
These increases in condom use may be related to another
finding from the survey: 90 percent of women 18-19 reported that
they have received formal instruction on sexually transmitted
diseases, safe sex to prevent HIV, and how to say no to sex.
Secretary Shalala said the dramatic increase in contraceptive
use at first intercourse and the decrease in sexual activity among
teens may be responsible for the leveling off and recent decline of
the teenage birth rate. HHS last October released data showing an
8-percent drop in the teen birth rate from 1991 to 1995, and the
latest data available through June 1996 indicate that the decline
has continued. Pregnancy rates for teens aged 15-19 also declined
in 30 of 41 reporting states in 1992, the latest year for which
statistics are available, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
Speaking in Los Angeles today at a conference on girls and the
media, Secretary Shalala announced two new community grant programs
to prevent teen pregnancy and promote responsible behavior. One
program will be aimed at teenage girls and the other at teenage
boys. They are part of the National Strategy to Prevent Teen
Pregnancy, announced in January.
"These grants will help communities develop innovative and
comprehensive approaches to preventing teen pregnancy, especially by
promoting all the activities and achievements that boys and girls
should be saying 'yes'. to,' Secretary Shalala said. "When young
people can see lives of opportunity and hope ahead of them, they are
more likely to make the right choices.'
The grant program for girls is part of the secretary's new
Girl Power! campaign, which is aimed at enhancing self-esteem,
promoting good health and preventing unhealthy behaviors among girls
9 to 14 years old. Each of the grant programs will total about $1
million per year and involve public-private partnerships organized
by individual communities.
The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, to be released in
full later this month, will provide the latest and most
comprehensive national data on fertility, contraception, marriage
and cohabitation, infertility, adoption, maternity leave, medical
- More -
DHHS/ASPA
5
04/30/97 WED 17:51 FAX 2026905673
003
- 3 -
services, breast-feeding, smoking and other factors which impact
both teenage and adult women, and the health and well-being of their
children. The study updates key trends, includes many new topics,
and has significant new findings on teenagers. More findings of the
survey available today include:
Approximately 16 percent of girls whose first intercourse was
before age 16 reported that first intercourse was not voluntary,
compared with just 3 percent of women whose first intercourse was at
age 20 or older. (Overall, 8 percent of all women said that their
first intercourse was not voluntary.) In addition, nearly two-
thirds of births to teenagers (64 percent) were unintended when they
were conceived, compared with 31 percent of births to women of all
ages. The study also found that teenage wives face a much higher
risk of separation and divorce than women who wait longer to marry:
47 percent of women who married before age 18 saw their marriages
dissolve within 10 years, compared with 19 percent of women who
married at age 23 or older.
The study asked for the age of the woman and her male partner
when she had her first voluntary intercourse. Of women who had
their first voluntary intercourse before age 16, 66 percent reported
that their partner was under 18, 21 percent said their partner was
18 or 19, 7 percent said their partner was 20-22 and for 6 percent
their partner was 23 or older.
Only 36 percent of teenage mothers breastfed their infants,
compared with 55 percent of all mothers; and teen mothers who do
breastfeed do so for a shorter time than adult mothers (an average
of 18 vs 29 weeks, or about 4 vs 7 months).
The 1995 survey was based on 10, in-person interviews
conducted by female interviewers in the homes of women 15-44 years
of age who comprise a nationally representative sample.
The National Survey of Family Growth was jointly planned and
funded by a number of HHS agencies: the National Center for Health
Statistics, a part of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; the National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, one of the National Institutes of Health; and the
Office of Population Affairs; with additional support from the
Administration for Children and Families.
Excerpts from "Fertility, Family Planning, and Women's Health"
can be downloaded from the NCHS Home Page on the Internet at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/nchshome.htm, along with the news release
and ordering information for the full report.
###
Note: HHS press releases are available on the World Wide Web at:
http://www.dhhs.gov.
04/30/97 WED 17:47 FAX 202 456 6235
SOCIAL OFFICE
001
*** ACTIVITY REPORT ***
ST. TIME
CONNECTION TEL/ID
SENDER NAME
NO.
MODE
PGS.
RESULT
04/29 15:48
2024837624
6287
AUTO RX
ECM
58
OK
19'39
04/29 16:47
97039242289
0410
TRANSMIT
G3
3
OK
05'14
04/29 16:55
847 678 7627
6288
AUTO RX
ECM
18
OK
14'39
04/29 17:44
603 547 2418
6289
AUTO RX
G3
5
OK
04'48
04/29 18:01
6290
AUTO RX
ECM
4
OK
01'27
04/29 18:22
6291
AUTO RX
G3
1
OK
01'04
04/29 18:24
6292
AUTO RX
G3
1
OK
01'03
04/29 19:30
SHORENSTEIN CO.
6293
AUTO RX
ECM
17
OK
04'50
415 772 7140
04/29 19:40
202 606 4469
6294
AUTO RX
ECM
4
OK
01'21
04/29 21:23
GENE_SPERLING
6295
AUTO RX
ECM
7
OK
01'36
62878
04/29 22:38
202 606 4469
6296
AUTO RX
ECM
1
OK
00'38
04/29 23:12
6297
AUTO RX
G3
0
NG
00'10
0
04/29 23:14
2024837624
6298
AUTO RX
ECM
56
OK
19'10
04/29 23:42
6299
AUTO RX
G3
5
OK
03'50
04/30 01:00
6300
AUTO RX
G3
11
OK
04'16
04/30 04:19
0039 6 6883420
6301
AUTO RX
G3
1
OK
01'17
04/30 06:40
HQ USAF X0000W
6302
AUTO RX
ECM
1
OK
03'01
703 6975863
04/30 09:23
NSC EXECSEC
0411
TRANSMIT
ECM
2
OK
01'11
69460
04/30 09:41
66220
0412
TRANSMIT
ECM
13
OK
04'05
04/30 09:45
98224587
0413
TRANSMIT
G3
9
OK
06'24
04/30 10:12
A.P.M.
6303
AUTO RX
ECM
2
OK
00'54
91 3235453
04/30 10:45
202 638 3536
6304
AUTO RX
ECM
2
OK
00'59
04/30 10:51
66244
0414
TRANSMIT
G3
16
OK
06'18
04/30 11:05
65340
0415
TRANSMIT
0
NG
00'00
0 STOP
04/30 11:07
65340
0417
TRANSMIT
G3
2
OK
01'29
04/30 11:13
65340
0416
TRANSMIT
G3
2
OK
01'32
04/30 11:26
ASPE-HSP
6305
AUTO RX
ECM
4
OK
01'15
202 690 5514
04/30 13:10
9143310023
6306
AUTO RX
G3
0
NG
00'35
0
04/30 13:12
9143310023
6307
AUTO RX
G3
1
OK
00'35
04/30 13:52
6308
AUTO RX
ECM
3
OK
01'21
04/30 13:54
202 364 4213
6309
AUTO RX
ECM
4
OK
01'22
04/30 14:34
NSC EXECSEC
0418
TRANSMIT
ECM
3
OK
01'38
69460
04/30 14:55
66244
0419
TRANSMIT
G3
3
OK
01'38
04/30 15:45
912012850312
0420
TRANSMIT
G3
3
OK
02'47
04/30 15:55
98 5
6310
AUTO RX
G3
1
OK
01'04
04/30 16:52
NETH/EMB/PLV CDP
6311
AUTO RX
ECM
1
OK
00'34
1 202 363 1032
04/30 17:23
98224587
0421
TRANSMIT
G3
0
NG
00'08
0
#001
04/30 17:25
98224587
0422
TRANSMIT
G3
1
NG
00'28
1
#001
04/30 17:28
98224587
0423
TRANSMIT
G3
22
OK
16'18
04/30 17:46
DHHS/ASPA
6312
AUTO RX
ECM
3
OK
01'23
2026905673
TUE 15:54 FAX
0
Cynthia -
lynn
Here's the draft.
65505
Call in your edits
April 29, 1997
to Carmer Fowler in Pes. ressarg. 62806(f)
Warm greetings to everyone observing National Teen Pregnancy
Prevention Month, 1997.
Teen pregnancy is one of the most serious social problems
challenging our nation today. These pregnancies are doubly tragic
because they have serious consequences for both mother and child.
Teenage mothers often drop out of school, fail to get or hold a
job, and turn to welfare to support themselves and their children.
Research shows that the children of teenagers are likely to repeat
this pattern, dropping out, getting involved in crime and drugs,
and ending up in poverty. This is no future for a child growing
up in America.
My Administration is working hard reduce to reduce teen
pregnancy. We have been saying to young women and young men alike
that it is wrong to get pregnant or father a child until you are
married and ready to take on the responsibilities of parenthood.
We have been supporting many school and community-based efforts,
especially those that promote abstinence to reduce teen pregnancy.
And all across America -- in our religious institutions, our schools,
our neighborhoods, our workplaces -- concerned citizens are banding
together to teach young people right from wrong, to put them on the
path to a better future, and to set a responsible example.
finally
While there are still far too many children being born to
teenagers, we are now finally seeing that our hard work is making
a difference. Last fall, the Centers for Disease Control released
a report showing that the teen birth rate decreased in 1995 for the
fourth year in a row. I thank all those who are dedicating their
time, talents, and energy to help our young people make wise deci-
sions and to give them the opportunity to make the most of their
lives. And I commend all those teenagers who have shown the courage
and self-esteem to resist negative peer pressure. Working together,
we can make sure that all of America's young people will have a
bright future and the chance to live out their dreams.
Best wishes to all for a successful observance.
BC/SSF/MAH/ech-lynn
(Corres. #3433475)
(4.ntpp.msg)
CC: Presidential Messages, 91 OEOB
Ed cleanseps
SENT TO:
Ms. Susan Pagliaro
Advocates for Youth
Suite 200
fax to- 6623(f)
1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
DO NOT MAIL -- RETURN TO CARMEN FOWLER, 91 OEOB, FOR DISPATCH
97 MON 12:02 FAX 2026905673
DHHS/ASPA
5
004
RAFT
For Immediate Release
NCHS Press Office, (301) 436-7551
Thursday, May 1, 1997
Sandra Smith or Jeffrey Lancashire
TEEN SEX DOWN, NEW STUDY SHOWS
Secretary Shalala Announces New Teen Pregnancy Prevention Grant Programs
The percentage of teenagers who have had sexual intercourse declined in the 1990's after
increasing steadily for more than two decades, HHS Secretary Donna E. Shalala announced today.
These findings are part of a major new study of childbearing and family planning covering all
women 15-44 to be released later this month by HHS.
The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by HHS' National Center for
Health Statistics, found that 50 percent of women 15-19 years of age had ever had intercourse, the
first decline recorded by the survey since it was initiated in 1982. The periodic survey has
previously found that 55 percent had ever had intercourse in 1990, 53 percent in 1988, and 47
percent in 1982. Earlier surveys found the percentage to be 36 percent in 1975 and 29 percent in
1970.
"We welcome the news that the long term increase in teenage sexual activity may finally
have stopped, " said Secretary Shalala. "But this news should encourage us to do more, not lull us
into doing less. We need to change the cultural messages that have been accepted too long. The
increase in teen sexual activity is not inevitable, and we can take action together to protect the health
and well-being of our young people"
The survey released today also found that some 76 percent of all those who began having
intercourse in the 1990's used contraception at first intercourse, up from 64 percent in the late
1980s. The increase in contraception at first intercourse was a result of marked increases in condom
use: from 18 percent in the 1970's to 36 percent in the late 1980s and 54 percent in the 1990's.
97
MON 12:03 FAX 2026905673
DHHS/ASPA
5
005
2
These increases in condom use may be related to another finding from the survey: the
percents of women who have received formal instruction on sexually transmitted diseases, safe sex
to prevent HIV, and how to say no to sex has risen dramatically--about 90 percent of women 18-19
reported that they have received each kind of instruction.
Secretary Shalala said the dramatic increase in contraceptive use at first intercourse and the
decrease in sexual activity among teens may be responsible for the leveling off and recent decline of
the teenage birth rate., HHS last October released data showing an 8-percent drop in the teen birth
rate from 1991 to 1995, and the latest data available through June 1996 indicate that decline has
continued. The birth rate for teenagers as of June 1996 stood at 55.6 births per 1,000 women aged
11
15-19 years, compared with 62.1 in 1991.
Speaking in Los Angeles today, Secretary Shalala announced two new community grant
programs to prevent teen pregnancy and promote responsible behavior. One program will be aimed
at teenage girls and the other at teenage boys. Both grant programs grow out of Shalala's new Girl
Power! campaign, which is aimed at enhancing self-esteem, promoting good health and preventing
unhealthy behaviors among girls 9 to 14 years old.
"These grants will help communities develop innovative and comprehensive approaches to
preventing teen pregnancy, especially by promoting all the activities and achievements that boys and
girls should be saying Yes to," Secretary Shalala said. "When young people can see lives of
opportunity and hope ahead of them, they are more likely to make the right choices."
Each of the grant programs will total about $1 million per year and involve public-private
partnerships organized by individual communities.
DRAFT 4/30 4:00PM
TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION
May 2, 1997
Announcement
May marks both teen pregnancy prevention month and the first anniversary of the National
Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Today, in recognition of both these events, The First
Lady recognizes the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy's first 12 honorees --
individuals from around the country whose efforts to prevent teen pregnancy are making a
difference. The First Lady also discusses two new teen pregnancy prevention grant programs
and findings from a new study of childbearing and family planning to be released later this month
by the Department of Health and Human Services.
Background
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy is a private nonprofit organization dedicated
to preventing teen pregnancy. It formed in response to President Clinton's challenge issued in
his 1995 State of the Union address that "parents and leaders across the country. join together in
a national campaign against teen pregnancy..." May 1997 marks the campaign's first anniversary.
Following his State of the Union comments, the President held a meeting at the White House
with a group of prominent teen pregnancy prevention experts and advocates to discuss what
might be done to combat the problem. From that meeting came a private sector planning effort
that led to the creation of the national campaign.
The campaign is chaired by former New Jersey Governor Thomas H. Kean. Its Board of
Directors includes Whoopi Goldberg, Katherine Graham, the Hon. Nancy Kassebaum-Baker, the
Hon. Warren B. Rudman, and William A. Galston. Isabel V. Sawhill, President of the
Campaign, was an Associate Director of the Office of Management and Budget during President
Clinton's first term.
To commemorate the anniversary of the national campaign, the First Lady is recognizing
12 honorees chosen by the Campaign for their outstanding leadership. Each represents
prevention approaches that are lowering teen pregnancy rates and strengthening communities.
The honorees' work embodies several key themes that are essential to preventing teen pregnancy:
Emphasizing values and self-esteem in working with adolescents;
Forging partnerships with the corporate sector;
Focusing the community on a "unity of goal" to prevent teen pregnancy
even when there are conflicts over program approaches;
Encouraging adult-child communication;
Involving youth in the discussion;
Emphasizing the importance of male involvement in prevention;
Recognizing the importance of program evaluation; and
Involving the media in reducing teen pregnancy.
DRAFT 4/30 4:00PM
Secretary Shalala's Announcements
In Los Angeles yesterday (May 1), Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala
announced two new community grant programs to prevent teen pregnancy and promote
responsible behavior. One program will be aimed at teenage girls and the other at teenage boys.
Both grow out of HHS' new Girl Power! Campaign which is aimed at enhancing self-esteem,
promoting good health, and preventing unhealthy behaviors among girls 9 to 14 years old. Each
of the grant programs will total about $1 million per year and involve public-private partnerships
organized by individual communities.
The Secretary also discussed a new study, to be released later this month by HHS, which shows
the percentage of teenagers who have had sex declined in the 1990s after increasing steadily for
more than two decades. The decline is small -- 5 percentage points -- but is significant because it
shows that the long-term increase in teenage sexual activity may finally be over. This data is part
of a new study of child bearing and family planning covering all women 15-44.
DRAFT 4/30 4:00PM
BACKGROUND AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS FACT SHEET
Over the past four years, the Clinton Administration has launched a comprehensive effort to
prevent teen pregnancy. Data shows we are making progress:
Teen birth rates have fallen four years in a row, by 10 percent since 1991 (from 62.1 births
per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 1991 to 55.6 births in June 1996); and
A new study, to be released later this month by HHS, shows the percentage of teenagers
who have had sex declined in the 1990s (from 55 percent in 1990 to 50 percent in 1995).
However, there is still much work to do. More than 4 out of 10 young women become pregnant
before age 20 -- nearly a million a year -- and 75 percent of those who give birth do so outside of
marriage. Teen pregnancy remains a major social problem for this country and one that none of
us can ignore. Yesterday, Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala announced
two new community grant programs to prevent teen pregnancy and promote responsible
behavior. Today, in honor of teen pregnancy prevention month and the first anniversary of the
National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, the First Lady will recognize 12 individuals from
around the country whose efforts to prevent teen pregnancy are making a difference.
Administration Accomplishments
Since 1993, the Administration has supported innovative and promising teen pregnancy
prevention strategies tailored to the unique needs of communities. HHS-supported
programs already reach about 30 percent or 1,410 communities in the United States.
In his 1995 State of the Union address, President Clinton challenged "parents and leaders
across the country to join together in a national campaign against teen pregnancy to
make a difference." In response to his challenge, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen
Pregnancy was formed. The national campaign is a private nonprofit organization
dedicated to preventing teen pregnancy by supporting values and fostering actions that
are consistent with a pregnancy-free adolescence. This month marks the national
campaign's first anniversary.
The President has consistently supported efforts to reduce teen pregnancy as part of
welfare reform, and the law he signed in August 1996 contains several important
provisions:
Unmarried minor parents are required to stay in school and live at home, or in an
adult-supervised setting in order to receive assistance;
It encourages "second chance homes" -- adult supervised residential homes
designed to provide teen parents with the skills and supports they need;
$50 million a year in new funding for state abstinence education activities is
provided starting FY 1998;
The law includes the toughest ever child support enforcement measurements that
send a strong message to young boys and girls that they should not have children
until they are ready to provide for them.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
HHS last October released data showing an 8 percent drop in teen birth rates from 1991 to
1995, and the latest data available though June 1996 indicates that the decline has
continued. The birth rate for teenagers as of June 1996 stood at 55.6 births per 1,000
women aged 15-19 years, compared to 62.1 in 1991, a decline of 10 percent since 1991.
Just yesterday, Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala announced two
new community grant programs to prevent teen pregnancy and promote responsible
behavior. One program will be aimed at teenage girls and the other at teenage boys. Both
grants grow out of HHS's new Girl Power! Campaign which is aimed at enhancing self-
esteem, promoting good health, and preventing unhealthy behaviors among girls 9 to 14
years old. Each of the grant programs will total about $1 million per year and involve
public-private partnerships organized by individual communities.
The Secretary also discussed a new study, to be released later this month by HHS, that
shows the percentage of teenagers who have had sex declined in the 1990s after
increasing steadily for more than two decades. The decline is small -- 5 percent -- but is
significant because it shows that the long-term increase in teenage sexual activity may
finally be over. This data is part of a new study of child bearing and family planning
covering all women 15-44.
The Challenge
As much as we have done and as much progress as we have seen, there is much more
work to do.
Every year in this country, over one million teenagers become pregnant and four in 10
girls become pregnant as least once before turning 20.
The encouraging recent decline in the U.S. teen birth rate is counterbalanced by a negative
trend: today, nearly three-quarters of teen births are to unmarried teens, up from 15
percent 30 years ago. Today, teen mothers make up the largest group (48 percent) of all
first births to unmarried women.
Early parenting limits a young mother's likelihood of completing high school -- less than
one-third of teens who begin their families before age 18 ever complete high school -- and
increases the likelihood that that young mother will end up in poverty.
When compared to children of older mothers, children of teen mothers have more health
problems, do much worse in school, live in home environments of lower quality, suffer
higher rates of abuse and neglect, and are more likely to become teen mothers themselves.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Q&A MAY 2 TEEN PREGNANCY EVENT
Question:
Why did you choose to honor these specific programs picked by the National
Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy?
Answer:
Each of these people has offered tremendous leadership in the fight for teen
pregnancy prevention. The honorees' work embodies several key themes that are
essential to preventing teen pregnancy: emphasizing values and self-esteem in
working with adolescents; forging partnerships with the corporate sector;
encouraging adult-child communication; involving youth in the discussion;
emphasizing the importance of male involvement in prevention; and involving the
media.
Question:
What was it that Secretary Shalala announced yesterday in California?
Answer:
Just yesterday, Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna Shalala
announced two new community grant programs to prevent teen pregnancy and
promote responsible behavior. One program will be aimed at teenage girls and the
other at teenage boys. Both grants grow out of HHS's new Girl Power! Campaign
which is aimed at enhancing self-esteem, promoting good health, and preventing
unhealthy behaviors among girls 9 to 14 years old. Each of the grant programs
will total about $1 million per year and involve public-private partnerships
organized by individual communities.
The Secretary also discussed a new study, to be released later this month by HHS,
that shows the percentage of teenagers who have had sex declined in the 1990s
after increasing steadily for more than two decades. The decline is small -- 5
percentage points -- but is significant because it shows that the long-term increase
in teenage sexual activity may finally be over. This data is part of a new study of
child bearing and family planning covering all women 15-44.
Question:
What else is in the new study?
Answer:
The study -- the National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by HHS' National
Center for Health Statistics -- details information on child bearing and family
planning for all women between the ages of 15 and 44. The survey also found that
some 76 percent of all of those who began having sex in the 1990s used
contraception at first intercourse, up from 64 percent in the late 1980s. The
increase in contraception at first intercourse was a result of marked increases in
condom use: up from 18 percent in the 1970s to 36 percent in the late 1980s and
54 percent in 1990s. As I mentioned, a copy should be available in about a month.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Question:
How much has the teen birth rate fallen over the past several years?
Answer:
HHS last October released data showing an 8 percent drop in teen birth rates from
1991 to 1995, and the latest data available though June 1996 indicates that the
decline has continued. The birth rate for teenagers as of June 1996 stood at 55.6
births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years, compared to 62.1 in 1991, a decline of
10 percent since 1991.
Question:
Why do you cite teen birth rates but not teen pregnancy rates? Have teen
pregnancy rates fallen too?
Answer:
Teen pregnancy rates refer to the rate at which teen become pregnant while teen
birth rates measure the rate at which teens actually give birth. Teen pregnancy
rates and teen birth rates have both fallen over the last few years. Teen pregnancy
rates fell slightly from a high of 117 pregnancies per 1,000 women in 1990 to 112
per 1,000 women in 1992 (the most recent year for which data is available). The
reason we more often cite teen birth rates rather than teen pregnancy rates is that
teen birth rates are more current.
Question:
What causes the difference between the teen pregnancy rate and the teen birth
rate?
Answer:
More than half of teen pregnancies result in birth, one third end in abortion and
another 14 percent end in miscarriage.
Question:
In other words, are you saying that teen pregnancy increases the incidence of
abortion?
Answer:
Since 1990, abortion rates among teens have declined because fewer teens are
becoming pregnant, and, in recent years, fewer pregnant teens have chosen to
have an abortion. Today, one-third of teens end their pregnancies in abortion, and
teens account for roughly one- quarter of all abortions performed annually. I
believe there is no stronger argument for teen pregnancy prevention and family
planning than the need to reduce the number of abortions in this country.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Question:
Isn't abstinence alone the best way to prevent abortion? Don't family planning
and sex education increase abortion?
Answer:
We believe unmarried teenagers should abstain from having sex. We do not
believe that a couple should engage in sexual intimacy until they are ready to
commit to each other and are prepared to financially and emotionally support a
child. However, it is unrealistic, even dangerous, to ignore the fact that some teens
will, in fact, have sex outside of marriage and before they are ready for it. It is for
that reason, that we must simultaneously preach abstinence and teach teen about
family planning and sex including the use of birth control. By offering teens
family planning and sex education, we are working to prevent abortion.
The conflict you raise is very important because it is a conflict that arises in
communities around the country and can be very damaging to a community's
efforts to combat teen pregnancy. The conflict over which approach to use can
become so intense and destructive to the community that a community decides to
do nothing at all. Let me share with you a story about a community that
overcame this conflict and ending up dramatically decreasing the number of teen
pregnancies and births in their community.
In 1990, the rural community of Tillamook County, Oregon had the highest teen
pregnancy rate in the state but fought bitterly over a solution, including the Board
of Education voting down several proposals. Finally, the County decided to
embrace a new ethic of "unity of purpose, diversity of means," allowing various
segments of the community to develop their own intensive initiatives, from
creating a church-based abstinence program to improving access to family
planning programs. By 1994, the county teen pregnancy rate had dropped by 70
percent, becoming the lowest in the state and today Tillamook County
Commissioner Sue Cameron is one of the 12 leaders to be honored by the First
Lady.
This story is an illustration of a finding supported in research. Dr. Kristen
Moore, a member of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy board,
has found that teen pregnancy programs that send mixed messages to teens
actually work because the teen will be exposed to all messages and will take what
works for her or him, whether it be abstinence, birth control, or self-esteem
raising.
Question:
Isn't teen pregnancy primarily a problem in African-American neighborhoods?
Answer:
No. Teen pregnancy is a problem every, across racial and socio-economic lines.
About half of all pregnant teens aged 15-19 are white. However, teen birth rates
are higher among African-American and Hispanic teens than among white teens.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Question:
What are the negative effects on a teen mother and her child?
Answer:
Early parenting limits a young mother's likelihood of completing high school --
less than one-third of teens who begin their families before age 18 ever complete
high school -- and increases the likelihood that young mother will end up in
poverty, as well as causing other hardships. We should be especially concerned
about the children of teen parents. When compared to children of older mothers,
children of teen mothers have more health problems, do much worse in school,
live in home environments of lower quality, suffer higher rates of abuse and
neglect, and are more likely to become teen mothers themselves.
Question:
What else has the Clinton Administration done to prevent teen pregnancy?
Answer:
We have done a lot. Over the past four years, this Administration launched a
comprehensive effort to prevent teen pregnancy.
Since 1993, the Administration has supported innovative and promising teen
pregnancy prevention strategies tailored to the unique needs of communities.
HHS-supported programs already reach about 30 percent or 1,410 communities in
the United States.
In his 1995 State of the Union address, President Clinton challenged "parents and
leaders across the country to join together in a national campaign against teen
pregnancy to make a difference." In response to his challenge, The National
Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy was formed. The National Campaign is a
private nonprofit organization dedicated to preventing teen pregnancy by
supporting values and fostering actions that are consistent with a pregnancy-free
adolescence. This month marks the National Campaign's first anniversary.
The President has consistently supported efforts to reduce teen pregnancy as part
of welfare reform, and the law he signed in August 1996 contains several
important provisions:
Unmarried minor parents are required to stay in school and live at home,
or in an adult-supervised setting in order to receive assistance;
"Second Chance Homes" -- adult supervised residential homes designed
to provide teen parents with the skills and supports they need to finish
school, become good role models, and providers for their children -- are
allowed and encouraged;
$50 million a year in new funding for state abstinence education activities
is provided starting FY 1998;
The new law includes tough child support measurements that send the
strongest possible message to young boys and girls that they should not
have children until they are ready to provide for them.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Question:
Last year the President appointed Dr. Henry Foster as his senior advisor on teen
pregnancy prevention and youth issues. What has Dr. Foster accomplished to
date?
Answer:
Dr. Foster is a wonderful man. He took on this unpaid position as advisor to the
President on teen pregnancy prevention because he cares so deeply about our
nation's young people. Dr. Foster is a key part of the Administration's effort to
send a message to teenagers of the importance of postponing child bearing until
they are emotionally, physically, and financially prepared for the responsibility.
Dr. Foster has spent the last year-plus traveling around the country visiting with
teenagers and community-based prevention programs. He is really making a
difference in this country on the critical issue of teen pregnancy prevention.
For First Lady
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Summary
not press
Whatever Happened to Childhood?
Published by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
On May 2nd, the National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy will release its report,
"Whatever Happened to Childhood?"
The report aptly illustrates teen pregnancy as a social crisis that continues to break down family,
community and common culture. The message the report sends is twofold: 1) although we are
making some progress, there is much more work to do and we must not let our attention stray
from this critical national issue and, 2) despite consistent community-based efforts, the evidence
has not born out a simple solution to the problem so we must continue to be creative, innovative
and persistent in our efforts.
Of the many community experiments around the country, the report states, most have exhibited
mixed outcomes, and no one program stands out as having produced clear, replicable results.
Community approaches include sex education aimed at delaying sexual activity and reducing the
number of sexual partners and using birth control; abstinence only programs; support for
community-based family planning services; comprehensive approaches stresses components
from each approach and; programs dedicated to nurturing and guiding young people.
In addition to these conclusions, the report also presents some interesting observations that may
have future policy implications.
First, the vast majority (85 percent) of pregnancies among teens are not fully planned or
unintended. Rather they result from teens' ambivalence about pregnancy, accidents, their
confusion about preventing pregnancy, and sometimes their failure to make any clear decision
about sexual activity.
Second, many communities do not address the problem at all because the conflict over which
approach to use can become so intense that a community decides to do nothing at all. Therefore,
the report states, a new and emerging approach to teen pregnancy prevention is community
conflict resolution. The report lays out an excellent example of this approach at work. In 1990,
the rural community of Tillamook County, Oregon had the highest teen pregnancy rate in the
state but fought bitterly over a solution (the Board of Education even voted down several
proposals.) Finally, the County decided to embrace a new ethic of "unity of purpose, diversity of
means," allowing various segments of the community to develop their own intensive initiatives,
from creating a church-based abstinence program to improving access to family planning
programs. By 1994, the county teen pregnancy rate had dropped by 70 percent, becoming the
lowest in the state. This story is an illustration of a finding supported in research. Dr. Kristen
Moore, a member of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy board, has found that
pregnancy programs that send mixed messages to teens actually work because the teen will be
exposed to all messages and will take what works for her or him, whether it be abstinence, birth
control, or self-esteem raising.
DRAFT 4/30/97 11:45
Third, although the teen birth rate has decreased in the past few years, the number of births to
teens increased in 1993 and 1994, reflecting an overall increase in the U.S. teen population.
Because the number of teens is expected to increase further, so will the number of pregnancies
and births, perhaps increasing by 26 percent by the year 2010 unless rates are reduced.
The report tells its story using mostly previously released data that remain relevant. Following are
facts from the report worth reviewing.
Every year in this country, over 1 million teenagers become pregnant and four in 10 girls
become pregnant as least once before turning 20.
The pregnancy rate increased among all girls age 15-19 by 23 percent between 1972 and
1990 from 95 to 117 pregnancies per 1,000 women, and then declined to 112 per 1,000
women in 1992 (the year for which the most recent data is available). At the same time,
the pregnancy rate among sexually experienced girls decreased 19 percent, largely due to
increased use of contraception.
By 1991, the teen birth rate had reached 62 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19, its highest
point in the past two decades. Since then, that rate has fallen slowly to 57 births per 1,000
women in 1995.
The encouraging recent decline in the U.S. teen birth rate is counterbalanced by a negative
trend: today, nearly three-quarters of teen births are to unmarried teens, while as recently
as 1960, only 15 percent were. Today, teen mothers make up the largest group (48
percent) of all first births to unmarried women.
Birth rates are higher among African-American and Hispanic teens than among white
teens
While most pregnant teens are 18 or 19 years old, about 40 percent are 17 or younger and
about half of all pregnant teens ages 15-19 are white.
Many of the fathers of children born to teen mothers are older -- nearly 40 percent of
those young men who impregnate a minor teen (under 18) are 20 years old or older.
More than half of the teen pregnancies result in a birth (1/3 end in abortion and 14 percent
in miscarriage) and of those who give birth most keep their child rather than put it up for
adoption.
Early parenting limits a young mother's likelihood of completing high school -- less than
one-third of teens who begin their families before age 18 ever complete high school.
When compared to children of older mothers, children of teen mothers have more health
problems, do much worse in school, live in home environments of lower quality, suffer
higher rates of abuse and neglect, and are more likely to become teen mothers themselves.
Tomorrow at the wlt., the
first Lady will reconize 12 individuals
and organizations
APR. 24. 1997 11:31AM
NCPTP
NO. 3273 P. 1
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
FAX TRANSMISSION
TO: KAtie Button
DATE: 4/24/97
FAX NUMBER:
456-6244
FROM:
SArah Brown
SENDER'S TELEPHONE NUMBER:
857 8692
TOTAL PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET: 3
MESSAGE:
APR. 24. 1997 11:32AM
NCPTP
NO. 3273
P. 2
THE
NATIONAL
CAMPAIGN
PHONE: 202.857.8655
PREVENT TBEN PREGNANCY
FAX: 202.331.7735
2100 M STREET NW SUITE 300
EMAIL: [email protected]
WASHINGTON DC 20037
WEB: WWW.TEENPREGNANCY.ORG
Memorandum
To:
Lynn Hogan
From: Sarah S. Brown
Date: April 24, 1997
Re:
List of Teens Attending the White House Reception on May 2, 1997
The Campaign honorees include teen representatives from the three organizations:
Children's Express, Sex Etc. and Best Friends. The teens from each group who will be attending
the White House reception are listed below. We have not yet personally met or interviewed the
teens. Should you want more information on the individual teens themselves, please contact the
adult Campaign Honoree listed with each group.
1.
Children's Express: A national, nonprofit youth development and leadership organization
that uses oral journalism to give children a significant voice in the world. CE's weekly
national column is researched, reported and edited by children and adolescents for
audiences of all ages and is syndicated to newspapers around the country. CE reporters
and editors have appeared on major national television programs; they have published
three books of children's voices; and, in 1988, they received a Peabody and Emmy award
for "Campaign '88."
CE Teens Attending:
Stuart Merkel
Izetta Mobley
Editors/Reporters
CE Contact and Campaign Honoree:
Eric Graham
President
Children's Express
1440 New York Avenue, N.W.
Suite 510
Washington, DC 20005
P: 202-737-7377
F: 202-737-0193
APR. 24. 1997 11:32AM
NCPTP
NO. 3273
P. 3
2.
Sex Etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens for Teens: Published by the Network for Family Life
Education, the newsletter provides adolescents with an opportunity to voice their opinions
on social issues of concern to them, including topics such as sexuality, abstinence, teen
pregnancy, drugs, etc., and also serves as a vehicle by which to provide teens with
important information on issues affecting their lives.
Sex Etc. Teens Attending:
Katrina Braxton
Seo Hee Koh
Cecilia V. Lalama
Ira Lederer
Editorial Board Members
Sex Etc. Contact and Campaign Honoree: Susan Wilson
Executive Coordinator
Network for Family Life Education
Rutgers, The State University
Center for Social and Community
Development
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
Building 4161; P.O. Box 5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
P: 908-445-7929
F: 908-445-4154
3.
Best Friends Foundation: A school-based program for girls in grades five through nine
that fosters self-respect and promotes responsible behavior and abstinence. With
friendship as its core, Best Friends celebrates the joys of adolescence free from drugs and
alcohol and the complications of sexual activity. The program's basic message is that
"You will succeed in life if you set your goals and maintain your self-respect."
Best Friends Teen Attending:
Angela Norman (6th grader at Amidon
Elementary)
Lisa Haileab (student at Jefferson Junior
High)
Participants in the Washington DC Program
Best Friends Contact and Honoree:
Elayne G. Bennett
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
4455 Conn. Avenue, NW, Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
P: 202-822-9266
F: 202-822-9276
cc:
Katie Button, Office of the First Lady
Lyn A. Hogan
04/23/97 12:17:00 PM
Record Type: Record
To:
Bruce N. Reed/OPD/EOP, Elena Kagan/OPD/EOP, Cynthia A. Rice/OPD/EOP
CC:
Diana Fortuna/OPD/EOP, Katharine Button/WHO/EOP, Nicole R. Rabner/WHO/EOP
Subject: First Lady's Teen Preg Prevention Event
The message of the May 2 event will be something like: we continue to make encouraging though
modest progress at reducing the problem of teenage pregnancy (teen birth rates have gone down
four years in a row and new data will soon be released to show that teen sexual activity is
declining). However, this is still a daunting problem that needs are continued support.
What we know now is that this problem has no single solution, but rather many solutions which are
being implemented in communities around the country. Every community has its varied approach
to teen pregnancy prevention because every community has its own unique set of circumstances
and beliefs that drive that approach. The key to really making a difference in this problem is at the
local level through individualized community-based approaches. Today, we are happy to recognize
12 such community-based programs, each making a difference but doing it their own way.
Re: releasing new data at or before the May 2 event
Melanne and I had a conversation with Melissa about whether or not to release the HHS report
and/or the grants. We decided to release neither.
--Because the new data in the report is underwhelming -- though it does show some progress --
Melanne and Melissa would not release the report at the event but would say that a report will
soon be released that shows modest success toward the goal of reducing teen pregnancy.
--On the grants side, on May 1, Sec. Shalala will be at an out of town event were she will talk
about girls and the media and particularly focus on teenage pregnancy and smoking as they relate
to young girls. There she will announce the Secretary's girl power grants for 9-14 year olds, that in
part focus on teen pregnancy prevention. The only other grants we could announce would be the
abstinence grants, which are a little too controversial for this event. Instead, Melanne will have the
First Lady talk about Sec. Shalala's announcement and reiterate the importance of building the
self-esteem of young girls as a way to prevent early pregnancy.
Questions/commments?
APR-16-97 WED 04:03 PM
P.01
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET. N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
FAXTRANSMISSION
TO:
Katie Button
DATE: April 16, 1997
FAX NUMBER:
456-6244
FROM:
Marti Easton
SENDER'S TELEPHONE NUMBER:
202/857-8631
TOTAL PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET:
3
MESSAGE:
Katie,
Our Congressional panel lists are attached for the May 2 reception. I am assuming
that this group is not included in our 130 invitees. If I am mistaken, please let me know.
Thank you.
Marti
P.02
APR-16-97 WED 04:04 PM
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
House Advisory Panel to the Campaign
Co-Chairs:
Representative Michael Castle (R-DE)
Representative Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Vice Chairs
Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC)
Representative Nancy Johnson (R-CT)
Members
Representative Tom Barrott (D-WD)
Representative Jim Greenwood (R-PA)
Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC)
Representative Stephen Horn (R-CA)
Representative Jim Kolbe (R-AZ)
Representative Jim Leach (R-IA)
Representative Shcila Jackson Lee (ID-TX)
Representative John Lewis (D-GA)
Representative Susan Molinari (R-NY)
Representative Jim Moran (D-VA)
Representative Connie Morella (R-MD)
Representative John Porter (R-IL)
Representative Deborah Pryce (R-OH)
Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-CA)
Representative Tim Rocmer (D-IN)
Representative Chris Shays (R-CT)
Representative Karen Thurman (D-FL)
Representative Ed Towns (D-NY)
P.03
APR-16-97 WED 04:04 PM
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
Senate Advisory Panel to the Campaign
Co-Chairs
Senstor Joseph I. Lieberman (D-CT)
Senator Olympia J. Snowe (R-ME)
Members
Senator Christopher S. Bond (R-MO)
Senator John B. Breaux (D-LA)
Senator John H. Chafee (R-RI)
Senator Susan M. Collins (R-ME)
Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND)
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL)
Senator Tim Hutchinson (R-AR)
Senator James M. Jeffords (RVT)
Senator Herb Kohl (D-WI)
Senator Mary L. Landricu (D-LA)
Senator Patty Murray (D-WA)
Group not complete at press time.
APR-21-97 MON 12:53 PM
P.01
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET. N.W., SUITE 500. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
FAX TRANSMISSION
TO: Katie Button
DATE: April 21, 1997
FAX NUMBER:
456-6244
FROM:
Marti Easton
SENDER'S TELEPHONE NUMBER: 202/857-8631
TOTAL PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET:
21
MESSAGE:
APR-21-97 MON 12:53 PM
P. 02
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W.. SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
Marti Easton
Direct Dial: 202/857-8631
Corporate Secretary
Fax: 202/728-0232
Assistant to the President
MEMORANDUM
TO:
KATIE BUTTON
FROM:
MARTI EASTON
DATE:
APRIL 21, 1997
RE:
INVITES FOR MAY 2 RECEPTION
Attached are the Campaign's two lists for the reception on May 2. The first list, "A," is
our priority list. Please note that this list is missing some of our honorees' guests. We should
have these missing names by Tuesday as well as the DOB and Social Security numbers for the
honorees and their guests.
The second list, "B," is arranged in order of priority. You mentioned on the phone that
we can only invite 130 people at a time and then invite additional people as we get regrets. We
know that many of the people on the "A" list will not be able to come but they must be invited
because they are our Board, Task Force members and funders.
Our staff is on the "B" list. We will send over to you their DOB and Social Security
numbers by the end of the week -- so there is no need to call each of them.
I would appreciate it if you would keep me updated on who says no on the "A" list. If our
estimates of who is and is not coming are wrong, we may need to make adjustments to our "B"
list.
If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you
for all of your assistance. We are all very excited about this event and appreciate all of the efforts
of the First Lady's office.
APR-21-97 MON 12:54 PM
P. 03
A-1
The A-list of invites to the White House reception.
NOTE: There is currently a total of 122 names on the
Ms. Charlotte L. Beers
list. We are still collecting the names of 8 additional
Chairman and Chief Executive
guests that should be on the A-list and will fax those to
Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide
you as soon as we get them.
309 West 49th Street
New York, NY 10019
phone: 212-237-7241 Office
fax: 212-237-5753 Fax
Ms. Linda Chavez
Dr. William Galston
President
School of Public Affairs
The Center for Equal Opportunity
University Of Maryland
815 15th Street, N.W.
College Park, MD 20742
Suite 928
phone: 301-405-6347 Office
Washington, D.C. 20005
fax: 301-314-9346 Fax
phone: 202-639-0803
fax: 202-639-0827
Ms. Whoopi Goldberg
Mrs. Katharine Graham
c/o Tom Leonardis
2920 R Street, N.W.
Whoop, Incorporated
Washington, D.C. 20007
9255 Sunset Boulevard
phone: 202-334-6650
Los Angeles, CA 90069
fax: 202-334-1031
phone: 310-859-1668 Office
fax: 310-859-2914 Fax
Dr. David Hamburg
Mr. Irving B. Harris
President
Chairman, The Harris Foundation
Carnegie Corporation of New York
2 North LaSalle Street
437 Madison Avenue
Suite 400
New York, NY 10022
Chicago, IL 60602
phone: 212-207-6215
phone: 312-621-0650
fax: 212-223-8831
fax: 312-621-0857
Ms. Barbara Huberman
Ms. Sheila Johnson
Advocates For Youth
Executive Vice President of
1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W.
Corporate Affairs
Suite 200
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
Washington, DC 20005
One BET Plaza
phone: 202-347-5700
1900 W Place, NE
fax: 202-347-2263
Washington, DC 20018-1211
phone: 202-608-2000
fax: 202-608-2593
APR-21-97 MON 12:54 PM
P. 04
A-2
The Honorable Nancy Kassebaum-Baker
The Honorable Thomas H. Kean
801 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
President
Suite 800
Drew University
Washington, DC 20004
36 Madison Avenue
phone: 202-508-3400
Madison, NJ 07940
fax: 202-508-3402
phone: 201-408-3069 Office
fax: 201-408-3080 Fax
The Honorable C. Everett Koop, M.D.
Sister Mary Rose McGeady
6707 Democracy Boulevard
President and CEO
Suite 107
Covenant House
Bethesda, MD 20814
346-West 17th Street
phone: 301-493-6603
New York, NY 10011-5001
fax: 301-493-8160
phone: 212-727-4000
fax: 212-989-7586
Ms. Judy McGrath
Ms. Jody Miller
President
Senior Vice President for Operations
MTV
Americast
1515 Broadway
10880 Wilshire Boulevard
New York, NY 10036
Suite 1750
phone: 212-258-8712
Los Angeles, CA 90024
fax: 212-258-6361
phone: 310-234-1414 or 310-234-1423 Dana
fax: 310-234-1430
Dr. Kristin Moore
Mr. Hugh Price
President
President and Chief Executive Officer
Child Trends
National Urban League, Inc.
4301 Connecticut Avenue
500 East 62nd Street
Suite 100
New York. NY 10021
Washington, DC 20008
phone: 212-310-9010
phone: 202-362-5580
fax: 212-755-2140
fax: 202-362-5533
The Honorable Warren B. Rudman
Ms. Vicki Sant
Partner
President
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
The Summit Foundation
1615 L Street, N.W.
1120 19th Street, N.W.
Suite 1300
Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 202-223-7341
phone: 202-785-1724
fax: 202-223-7420
fax: 202-857-0025
APR-21-97 MON 12:55 PM
P. 05
#- S
Dr. Isabel V. Sawhill
Ms. Isabel Carter Stewart
President
National Executive Director
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Girls Incorporated
2100 M Street, Suite 500
30 East 33rd Street
Washington. DC 20037
New York, NY 10016-5394
phone: 202-857-8531
phone: 212-689-3700
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 212-683-1253
Dr. Robert W. Blum
The Honorable Andrew J. Young
Director of General Pediatric
Vice Chair, Law Companies Group Inc.
and Adolescent Health Program
Co-Chairman, Atlanta Committee for the Olympic
Department of Pediatrics
Games
University of Minnesota
250 Williams Street, NW
Box 721 UMHC
Suite 6000
420 Delaware Street, SE
Atlanta, GA 30303
Minneapolis, MN 55455
phone: 404-224-1926
phone: 612-626-2796
fax: 404-224-1966
fax: 612-626-2134
Dr. J.J. Card
Dr. Jacqueline D. Forrest
President
Senior Vice President and Vice President
Sociometrics Corporation
for Research
170 State Street, Suite 260
The Alan Guttmacher Institute
Los Altos, CA 94022-2812
120 Wall Street
phone: 415-949-3282
New York, NY 10005
fax: 415-949-3299
phone: 212-248-1111
fax: 212-248-1952
Dr. Waldo Johnson
Dr. Douglas and Gail Kirby
Assistant Professor
Director of Research
School of Social Service Administration
ETR Association
University of Chicago
P.O. Box 1830
969 East 60th Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95061-1830
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 408-438-4060 ext. 144
phone: 312-834-0400
fax: 408-438-3618
fax: 312-702-0874
Dr. Rebecca Maynard
Dr. Brent Miller
Professor, Graduate School of Education
Professor and Head
University of Pennsylvania
Department of Family and
3700 Walnut Street
Human Development
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Utah State University
phone: 215-898-3558
Logan, UT 84322-2905
fax: 215-573-2241
phone: 801-797-4055
fax: 801-797-3845
APR-21-97 MON 12:55 PM
P. 06
Dr. Freya Sonenstein
Dr. Barbara Sugland
Director of Population Studies Center
Senior Research Associate
The Urban Institute
Child Trends, Inc.
2100 M Street, NW
4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 500
Suite 100
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20008
phone: 202-857-8546
phone: 202-362-5580
fax: 202-452-1840
fax: 202-362-5533
Dr. Kathleen E. Toomey
Dr. Stan Weed
825 Crestridge Drive, NE
Director
Atlanta, GA 30306
Institute for Research & Evaluation
phone: 404-657-2588 or 404-657-2585
6068 South Jordan Canal Road
fax: 404-657-2586
Salt Lake, UT 84118
phone: 801-966-5644
fax: 801-967-8288
Dr. Brian L. Wilcox
Ms. Kim Armstrong
Director, Center on Children,
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
Families, and the Law
Children's Express
University of Nebraska
1440 New York Avenue, NW
P.O. Box 880227
Suite 510
Lincoln, NE 68588-0227
Washington, DC 20005
phone: 402-472-3130 or 402-472-3479
phone: 202-737-7377
fax: 402-472-8412
fax: 202-737-0193
Mr. Michael Bzdak
Ms. Sue Cameron
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
Tillamook County Health Department
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
P.O. Box 489
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
County Courthouse
phone: 908-524-2487
201 Lauarel
fax: 908-524-5304
Tillamook, OR 97141
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
fax: 503-842-1384
Ms. Patricia Canessa
Mr. Aldrage Cooper
President of the Board
c/o Mr. Russell Deyo
The National Organization on Adolescent
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
Washington, DC 20004
phone: 908-524-2487
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 908-524-5304
fax: 202-783-5775
APR-21-97 MON 12:56 PM
P.07
TTD
Mr. Russell C. Deyo
Mr. Robert Dugger
Vice President
c/o Ms. Patricia Canessa
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
The National Organization on Adolescent
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
phone: 908-524-2487
Washington, DC 20004
fax: 908-524-5304
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 202-783-5775
Ms. Gloria Feldt
Ms. Christina Ferrari
President
c/o Ms. Ann S. Moore
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
President
810 Seventh Avenue
People Magazine
New York, NY 10019
1271 Avenue of the Americas
phone: 212-541-7800
30th Floor
fax: 212-247-6453
New York, NY 10020
phone: 212-522-3970
fax: 212-522-7639
Mr. Eric Graham
Ms. Katrina Holt
President
c/o Ms. Patricia Canessa
Children's Express
The National Organization on Adolescent
1440 New York Avenue, NW
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
Suite 510
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20005
Washington, DC 20004
phone: 202-737-7377
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 202-737-0193
fax: 202-783-5775
Dr. Wade Horn
Dr. Marion Howard
President
Teen Services Program
National Fatherhood Initiative
Grady Memorial Hospital
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
P.O. Box 26158
Gaithersburg. MD 20878
Atlanta, GA 30335
phone: 301-948-0599
phone: 404-616-3513
fax: 301-948-0410
fax: 404-223-3071
Ms. Seo Hee Koh
c/o Susan Wilson
Ms. Linda Kramer
Sex etc. A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
c/o Ms. Ann S. Moore
Network for Family Life Education
President
Rutgers, The State University
People Magazine
Center for Social and Community Development
1271 Avenue of the Americas
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
30th Floor
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New York, NY 10020
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 212-522-3970
p: 908-445-7929; f: 908-445-4154
fax: 212-522-7639
APR-21-97 MON 12:56 PM
P. 08
T6
Mr. Ira Lederer
Ms. Cecilia Llamas
c/o Susan Wilson
c/o Susan Wilson
Sex etc. A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Sex etc. A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Network for Family Life Education
Network for Family Life Education
Rutgers, The State University
Rutgers, The State University
Center for Social and Community Development
Center for Social and Community Development
School of Social Work- Livingston Campus
School of Social Work- Livingston Campus
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
Ms. Martha McKay
Mr. Stuart Merkel
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
Children's Express
Children's Express
1440 New York Avenue, NW
1440 New York Avenue, NW
Suite 510
Suite 510
Washington, DC 20005
Washington. DC 20005
phone: 202-737-7377
phone: 202-737-7377
fax: 202-737-0193
fax: 202-737-0193
Mr. Edward Pitt
Ms. Izetta Mobley
Associate Director
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
The Fatherhood Project
Children's Express
Director
1440 New York Avenue, NW
The National Practitioners Network
Suite 510
for Fathers and Families
Washington, DC 20005
Families and Work Institute
phone: 202-737-7377
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
fax: 202-737-0193
New York, NY 10001
phone: 212-465-2044; fax: 212-465-8637
Dr. Jane Brown
Mr. Billy Campbell
Professor, Department of Journalism and
Executive Vice President
Mass Communications
CBS
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
7800 Beverly Boulevard, Room 349
Howell Hall Campus Box 3365
Los Angeles, CA 90036
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3365
phone: 213-852-4346
phone: 919-962-4089 or 919-962-2146
fax: 213-653-8276
fax: 919-962-0620
Ms. Anne Cohn Donnelly
Mr. Hal Donofrio
Executive Director
Executive Director
National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse
Campaign for Our Children
332 South Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600
121 West Fayette Street
Chicago, IL 60604-4357
Suite 1200
phone: 312-663-3520
Baltimore. MD 21201-3741
fax: 312-939-8962
phone: 410-576-9000 or 410-576-9015
fax: 410-528-8809
APR-21-97 MON 12:57 PM
P.09
11 1
Ms. Pat Fili-Krushel
Dr. Brad Greenberg
President
Department of Telecommunication
ABC Daytime
Michigan State University
77 West 66th Street
409 Communication Art & Sciences Building
Fifth Floor
East Lansing, MI 48824-1212
New York, NY 10023
phone: 517-353-6629
phone: 212-456-6309
fax: 517-432-1244
fax: 212-456-6059
Mr. David Mechlin
Ms. Ann S. Moore
Senior Partner
President
World Client Service Director
People Magazine
Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide
1271 Avenue of the Americas
309 West 49th Street
30th Floor
10th Floor
New York. NY 10020
New York, NY 10019
phone: 212-522-3970
phone: 212-237-5941
fax: 212-522-7639
fax: 212-237-5942
Ms. Sally Quinn
Mr. Bruce Rosenblum
Author. Journalist
Senior Vice President Television
3014 N Street, NW
Business Management
Washington, DC 20007
Warner Brothers
phone: 202-965-8818
4000 Warner Boulevard
fax: 202-965-5369
Building 2, Room 212
Burbank, CA 91522
Phone: 818-954-6019
Fax: 818-954-2859
Ms. Nancy Rubin
Dr. Jay A. Winsten
3035 Chain Bridge Road
Director
Washington, DC 20016
Center for Health Communication
phone: 202-244-8247
Harvard School of Public Health
fax: 202-686-9058
677 Huntington Avenue
Room 334
Boston, MA 02115
phone: 617-432-1038
fax: 617-731-8184
Ms. Ruth Wooden
Ms. Brenda Cooper
President
Sursum Corda Youth Project
The Advertising Council
Planned Parenthood of
261 Madison Avenue
Metropolitan Washington
New York, NY 10016
1108 16th Street, NW
phone:212-922-1500
Washington. DC 20036
fax: 212-867-7422 or 212-922-1676
phone: 202-347-8500
fax: 202-783-1007
APR-21-97 MON 12:57 PM
P. 10
TO
Professor Jean Bethke Elshtain
Mr. Thomas Davis
507 Banyon Road
Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of
Social and Political Ethics
Vero Beach, FL 32963
phone: 518-584-5000
Divinity School
fax: 518-584-6212
University of Chicago
1025 East 58th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 773-702-7252
fax: 773-643-8298
Mr. Patrick Fagan
Professor Martin Marty
Policy Analyst
Fairfax M. Cone Distinguished
Heritage Foundation
Service Professor
214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE
Divinity School
Washington, DC 20002
University of Chicago
phone: 202-546-4400
1025 East 58th Street
fax: 202-544-5421
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 312-702-8236
fax: 708-447-9508
Mr. William Potapchuk
Ms. Jeannie Rosoff
Executive Director
President
Program for Community Problem Solving
Alan Guttmacher Institute
915 15th Strcct, NW
120 Wall Street
Washington, DC 20005
New York, NY 10028
phone: 202-783-2961
phone: 212-248-1111
fax: 202-347-2161
fax: 212-248-1951
Ms. Hilary Shelton
Reverend Kenneth Smith
Federal Liaison
President
Government Affairs Office
The Chicago Theological Seminary
The College Fund/UNCF
5757 South University
1444 I Street, NW
Chicago, IL 60637
Washington. DC 20005
phone: 773-752-5757
phone: 202-737-8623
fax: 773-752-0905
fax: 202-737-8651
Ms. Pat Funderburk Ware
Mr. Daniel Yankelovich
Director of Educational Services
President
Americans for a Sound AIDS/HIV Policy
Public Agenda Foundation
P.O. Box 17433
Chairman
Washington, DC 20041
DYG, Inc.
phone: 703-471-7350
424 West End Avenue
fax: 703-471-8409
New York, NY 10024
phone: 212-595-7803
fax: 212-875-0144
APR-21-97 MON 12:58 PM
P. 11
T 1
Professor Linda Berne
Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
President and Founder
UNC-Charlotte College of Nursing
Best Friends Foundation
Department of Health Promotion
4455 Connecticut Avenue. NW
and Kinesiology
Suite 310
9201 University City Boulevard
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Charlotte, NC 28223
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 704-547-4697
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 704-547-3350
The Honorable Jay Bradford
Dr. Claire Brindis
The Arkansas Senate
Director, Center for Reproductive
P.O. Box 8367
Health Policy Research
Pine Bluff, AK 71611
UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies
phone: 501-682-6107 or 501-541-0020
1388 Sutter Street, 11th Floor
fax: 501-535-8318
San Francisco, CA 94109
phone: 415-476-5255
fax: 415-476-0705
Ms. Donna Butts
Dr. Michael Carrerra
Executive Director
Director, National Adolescent
NOAPPP
Sexuality Training Center
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
Children's Aid Society
Washington, DC 20004
350 East 88th Street
phone: 202-783-5770
New York, NY 10128
fax: 202-783-5775
phone: 212-876-9716
fax: 212-876-9718
Ezra Davidson, M.D.
Ms. Annette Cumming
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and
Executive Director and Vice President
Gynecology
Cumming Foundation
Charles R. Drew University of
Board Member
Medicine and Science
Planned Parenthood Foundation of America
King-Drew Medical Center
21 G Street
12021 South Wilmington Avenue
Salt Lake City, UT 84103
Los Angeles, CA 90059-3025
phone: 801-521-1044
phone: 310-668-4601
fax: 801-521-1047
fax: 310-604-9570
Ms. Donna Fishman
Ms. Bernice Humphrey
Co-Director
Director, Teen Connections
Minnesota Organization on Adolescent
Project Director, Healthy Girls Initiative
Pregnancy, Prevention, and Parenting
Girls, Inc.
P.O. Box 40392
441 West Michigan
St. Paul, MN 55104
Indianapolis, IN 46202
phone: 612-771-5040 or 612-928-8467
phone: 317-634-7546
fax: 612-772-5566
fax: 317-634-3024
APR-21-97 MON 12:58 PM
P. 12
F N
Ms. Leslie Kantor
Dr. Renée R. Jenkins
Professor and Chair
Vice President of Education
Pediatrics and Child Health
Planned Parenthood of New York City
Howard University Hospital
Executive Office
2041 Georgia Avenue. NW
Margaret Sanger Square
Washington. DC 20060
26 Bleecker Street
phone: 202-865-1592
New York, NY 10012-2413
fax: 202-865-4558
phone: 212-274-7320
fax: 212-274-7218
Mr. Chris P Nelson
Ms. Theodora Ooms
Director of Social Services
Executive Director
Southwest District Health Department
Family Impact Seminar
Bridges/PEER
1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW
920 Main Street
Suite 209
Caldwell, Idaho 83605
Washington, DC 20036-3101
phone: 208-455-5375
phone: 202-496-1964
fax: 208-454-7722
fax: 202-496-1975
Ms. Aracely Panameño
Mr. Wayne Pawlowski
Executive Director
Director of Training
National Latina Institute for
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Reproductive Health
1120 Connecticut Avenue, NW
1200 New York Avenue, Suite 300
Suite 461
Washington, DC 20005
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 202/326-8970
phone: 202-785-3351
fax: 202/371-8112
fax: 202-293-4349
Ms. Sharon Rodine
Mr. John Schlitt
Coordinator
Associate Director
Heart of OKC Project
Making the Grade
Oklahoma Child Advocacy Institute
The George Washington University
420 N.W. 13th Street
1350 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 101
Suite 505
Oklahoma City, OK 73102
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 405-236-5437/405-271-4471/405-321-0132
phone: 202-466-3396
fax: 405-236-5439/405-321-1888
fax: 202-466-3467
Dr. Aaron Shirley
Dr. Mary Vernon
Jackson Medical Mall
Medical Officer
350 West Woodrow Wilson
Division of Adolescent and School Health
Suite 302-A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jackson, MS 39213
4770 Buford Highway
phone: 601-982-0673
Stop # K-31
fax: 601-982-0459
Atlanta, GA 30341
phone: 770-488-5362
fax: 770-488-5972
APR-21-97 MON 12:59 PM
P. 13
Ms. Kathleen Walsh
Ms. Gayle Wilson
Executive Director
Senior Program Officer
Catholic Social Ministries
California Wellness Foundation
300 Cardinal Gibbons Drive
6320 Canoga Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27606
Suite 1700
phone: 919-821-9752
Woodland Hills, CA 91367
fax: 919-821-9705
phone: 818-593-6600
fax: 818-593-6614
Ms. Susan Wilson
Executive Coordinator
Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Brown
Network for Family Life Education
Director
Rutgers, The State University
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Center for Social and Community Development
2100 M Street, Suite 300
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
Washington, DC 20037
Building 4161
phone: 202-857-8692
P.O. Box 5062
fax: 202-331-7735
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
Dr. Vivien Stewart
Mrs. Claudia Horn
Carnegie Corporation of New York
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
437 Madison Avenue
President
New York, NY 10022
National Fatherhood Initiative
phone: 212-371-3200
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
fax: 212-754-4073
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
phone: 301-948-0599
fax: 301-948-0410
Ms. Caroline Hom
Ms. Christen Horn
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
President
President
National Fatherhood Initiative
National Fatherhood Initiative
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
phone: 301-948-0599
phone: 301-948-0599
fax: 301-948-0410
fax: 301-948-0410
Mr. Peter Richardson
Smith Richardson Foundation
Mr. Rush Russell
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
60 Jesup Road
Westport, CT 06880
Route 1 and College Road East
phone: 203-222-6222
P.O. Box 2316
fax: 203-222-6282
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316
phone: 609-951-5755
fax: 609-452-1865
APR-21-97 MON 12:59 PM
P. 14
Ms. Shira Saperstein
Mr. Field K. Wasson, Jr.
The Moriab Fund
Llama Company
1634 I Street, NW
Suite 230
Suite 1000
2222 Cottondale Lane
Washington, DC 20006
Little Rock, AK 72202
phone: 202-783-8488
phone: 501-666-5245
fax: 202-783-8499
fax: 501-666-5249
Ms. Marie Mitchell, R.N.
Ms. Constance Danielson
c/o Dr. Marion Howard
c/o Dr. Marion Howard
Teen Services Program
Teen Services Program
Grady Memorial Hospital
Grady Memorial Hospital
P.O. Box 26158
P.O. Box 26158
Atlanta, GA 30335
Atlanta, GA 30335
phone: 404-616-3513
phone: 404-616-3513
fax: 404-223-3071
fax: 404-223-3071
Ms. Angela Norman
Ms. Lisa Haileab
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
President and Founder
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
Best Friends Foundation
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 310
Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Washington, DC 20008-2328
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 202-822-9266
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 202-822-9276
Ms. Pauline Hamlette
Ms. Angela Rice
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
Coordinator
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
Best Friends Foundation
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 310
Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Washington, DC 20008-2328
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 202-822-9266
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 202-822-9276
Mr. Jefferi Lee
Ms. Deborah Tang
c/o Ms. Sheila Johnson
c/o Ms. Sheila Johnson
Executive Vice President of
Executive Vice President of
Corporate Affairs
Corporate Affairs
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
One BET Plaza
One BET Plaza
1900 W Place, NE
1900 W Place, NE
Washington, DC 20018-1211
Washington, DC 20018-1211
phone: 202-608-2000
phone: 202-608-2000
fax: 202-608-2593
fax: 202-608-2593
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P.15
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P. 16
H-14
Ms. Gloria Primm Brown
Carnegie Corporation of New York
437 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10022
phone: 212-371-3200
fax: 212-754-4073
APR. 22-97 TUE 04:54 PM
P. 02
Last of the A-List Invites to the White House Reception
Mr. Michael Magee
Vice President for Education
Ms. Connie Revell
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
c/o Ms. Sue Cameron
810 Seventh Avenue
County Courthouse
New York, NY 10019
201 Laurel
phone: 212-541-7800
Tillamook, OR 97141
fax: 212-247-6453
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
NOTE: Replaces Gloria Feldt on the A list
fax: 503-842-1384
Ms. Nancy Parello
Mr. Eric Pitt
Coordinator
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
Sex etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Families and Work Institute
Rutgers, The State University
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
Center for Social and Community
New York, NY 10001
Development
phone: 212-465-2044
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
fax: 212-465-8637
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
Ms. Annette Pitt
p: 609-466-8810
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
f: 609-466-4276
Families and Work Institute
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
Ms. Katrina Braxton
New York, NY 10001
Sex etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
phone: 212-465-2044
Network for Family Life Education
fax: 212-465-8637
Rutgers, The State University
Center for Social and Community
Dr. Roger Witherspoon
Development
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
School of Social Work Livingston Campus
Families and Work Institute
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
New York, NY 10001
p: 908-445-7929
phone: 212-465-2044
f: 908-445-4154
fax: 212-465-8637
Mr. Brian Cameron
Ms. Margaret Conway
c/o Sue Cameron
Vice President of Public Policy
County Courthouse
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
201 Laurel
810 Seventh Avenue
Tillamook, OR 97141
New York, NY 10019
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
phone: 212-541-7800
fax: 503-842-1384
fax: 212-247-6453
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P. 17
10 1
The White House reception B List. These persons
Mr. Dennis Bakke
are to be invited as people from the A-List decline in the
The AES Corporation
order that they appear on this list.
1001 North 19th Street
Arlington, VA 22209
phone: 703/522-0073
fax: 703-703-528-4510
Mr. and Mrs. David Cole
Ms. Suzanne Delbanco
820 Great Cumberland
Kaiser Family Foundation
McLean, VA 22102
2400 Sand Hill Road
phone: 703-757-1000
Menlo Park, CA 94025
fax: 703-757-7504
phone: 415-854-9400
fax: 415-854-4800
Ms. Debra Delgado
The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Ms. Robin Chandler Duke
701 St. Paul Street
435 East 52nd Street
Balumore, MD 21202
New York, NY 10022
phone: 410-547-6600
phone: 202-659-1833, 212-759-9145
fax: 410-547-6624
fax: 212-935-9763
Mr. Paul Tudor Jones, П
Dr. Ruby Hearn
Chairman
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Tudor Investment Corporation
Route 1 and College Road EAst
One Liberty Plaza
P.O. Box 2316
New York, NY 10006
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316
phone: 212-227-6601
phone: 609/243-5911
fax: 212-227-6698
fax: 609-452-1865
Ms. Betty King
Mr. Gara LaMarche
The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Open Society Institute
701 St. Paul Street
888 Seventh Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21202
New York, NY 10106
phone: 410-254-7660
phone: 212/887-0187
fax: 410-223-2956
fax: 212/247-3890
APR-21-97 MON 01:01 PM
P. 18
Mr. Scott McVay
Mr. and Mrs. John Macomber
Executive Director
2806 N Street, N.W.
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
Washington, DC 20007
P.O. Box 1239
phone: 202-338-3677 or 338-0290
Morristown, NJ 07962-1239
fax: 202-338-0294
phone: 201-540-8442
fax: 201-540-1211
Ms. Janice Molnar
Mr. Art Ortenberg and Ms. Liz Claiborne Ortenberg
Urban Poverty Program
The Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation
The Ford Foundation
650 Fifth Avenue
320 East 43rd Street
New York, NY 10019
New York, NY 10017
phone: 212-333-3888
phone: 212-573-5000
fax: 212-956-3531
fax: 212-286-0871
Ms. Susan Rich
Wallace Genetic Foundation, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Weil
1120 19th Street, N.W.
Denie and Frank
Suite 550
1516 28th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Washington, D.C. 20007
phone: 202-452-1530
phone: 202-338-6007
fax: 202-293-1795
fax: 202-338-6022
Mr. Josh Weston
Mr. and Mrs. Alan Wurtzel
One ADP Boulevard
Alan and Ruth
Roseland, NJ 07068-1728
2134 R Street, N.W.
phone: 201-994-5871
Washington, D.C 20008
fax: 201-994-5390
phone: 202-265-3232
fax: 202-265-3019
Ms. Marti Easton
Ms. Carmen Ford
Corporate Secretary and Assistant to the President
Director of Administration
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 500
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8631
phone: 202-857-8620
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
APR-21-97 MON 01:01 PM
P. 19
105
Mr. John Hutchins
Ms. Tamara Kreinin
Communications Manager
Director of State and Local Affairs
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8591
phone: 202-857-8694
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Ms. Alexandra Leverich
Ms. Marisa Nightingale
Assistant to the Director
Program Development Associate
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8694
phone: 202-857-8703
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Mr. William Smith
Ms. Jamie Tullman
Program Associate for Religion and Public Values
Special Assistant to the President
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8596
phone: 202-857-8544
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Staff
Ms. Heather Lafferty
Ms. Phyllis Wolfe
Intern
Consultant for State and Local Affairs
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street. Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-974-2235
phone: 202-857-8655
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Ms. Tracey Lauterborn
Dr. Drew Altman
Assistant to the Director of Administration
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2400 Sand Hill Road
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Washington, DC 20037
phone:415/854-9400
phone: 202-974-2234
fax: 415-854-7465
fax: 202-331-7735
Staff
APR-21-97 MON 01:02 PM
P. 20
7
Ms. Carolyn Asbury
Dr. Richard Behrman
The Pew Charitable Trusts
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
One Commerce Square
300 Second Street, Suite 200
2005 Market Street. Suite 1700
Los Altos, California 94022
Philadelphia, PA 19103-7017
phone: 415-948-7658
phone: 215-575-4860
fax: 415-948-5793
fax: 215-575-4939
Dr. Martha Campbell
David and Lucille Packard Foundation
Mr. Don Conlan
Suite 200
President Emeritus
300 Second Street
The Capital Group Companies, Incorporated
Los Altos, CA 94022
333 South Hope Street
phone: 415-948-7658
Los Angeles, CA 90071
fax: 415-948-5793
phone: 213-486-9200
fax: 213-486-9217
Ms. Karen Davis
Mr. Michael Deaver
Commonwealth Fund
Edelman Public Relations
Harkness House
1420 K Street, N.W.
One East 75th Street
Washington, D.C. 20005
New York, NY 10021-2692
phone: 202-371-0200
phone: 212/535-0400
fax: 202-371-2858
fax: 212-66-3876
Ken Duberstein
Duberstein Group
Ms. Sally Epstein
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
5620 Oregon Avenue, N.W.
Washington. D.C. 20037
Washington, D.C. 20015
phone: 202-728-1100
phone: 202-363-3664
fax: 202-728-1123
fax: 202-966-5881
Mr. Allen Greenberg
Mr. Thomas Layton
The Buffett Foundation
Wallace Alexander Gerbode Foundation
209 Kiewit Plaza
470 Columbus Street, Suite 209
Omaha, NE 68131
San Francisco, CA 94133
phone: 402/345-9168
phone: 415-391-0911
fax: 402-345-1186
fax: 415-391-4587
APR-21-97 MON 01:02 PM
P. 21
Mr. Thomas Layton
Ms. Lynne Ball and Mrs. Hermann
Wallace Alexander Gerbode Foundation
The Mark and Catherine Winkler Foundation
470 Columbus Street, Suite 209
4900 Seminary Road
San Francisco, CA 94133
Alexandria, VA 22311-1811
phone: 415-391-0911
phone: 703-578-7732
fax: 415-391-4587
fax: 703-578-4940
Mr. Mark Murphy
Dr. Betty Ann Ottinger
The Fund for New Jersey
Executive Director
94 Church Street, Suite 303
Winslow Foundation
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
1425 21st Street, N.W.
phone: 908-220-8656
Washington, D.C. 20036
fax: 908-220-8654
phone: 202-833-4714
fax: 202-
Joseph Speidel, M.D.
Dr. Felicia Stewart
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Suite 200
2400 Sand Hill Road
525 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Menlo Park, CA 94025
phone: 415-854-9400
phone: 415-329-1070
fax: 415-854-4800
fax: 415-329-9342
Mr. Ron Mincy
Ms. Lori Villarosa
The Ford Foundation
The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
320 East 43rd Street
1200 Mott Foundation Building
New York, NY 10017
Flint, MI 48502-1851
p: 212-573-5000
phone: 810-238-5651
f: 212-286-0871
fax: 810-766-1753
APR-21-97 MON 12:53 PM
P.01
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET. N.W., SUITE 500. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
FAX TRANSMISSION
TO:
Katie Button
DATE: April 21, 1997
FAX NUMBER:
456-6244
FROM:
Marti Easton
SENDER'S TELEPHONE NUMBER: 202/857-8631
TOTAL PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET:
21
MESSAGE:
APR-21-97 MON 12:53 PM
P. 02
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
Marti Easton
Direct Dial: 202/857-8631
Corporate Secretary
Fax: 202/728-0232
Assistant to the President
MEMORANDUM
TO:
KATIE BUTTON
FROM:
MARTI EASTON
DATE:
APRIL 21, 1997
RE:
INVITES FOR MAY 2 RECEPTION
Attached are the Campaign's two lists for the reception on May 2. The first list, "A," is
our priority list. Please note that this list is missing some of our honorees' guests. We should
have these missing names by Tuesday as well as the DOB and Social Security numbers for the
honorees and their guests.
The second list, "B," is arranged in order of priority. You mentioned on the phone that
we can only invite 130 people at a time and then invite additional people as we get regrets. We
know that many of the people on the "A" list will not be able to come but they must be invited
because they are our Board, Task Force members and funders.
Our staff is on the "B" list. We will send over to you their DOB and Social Security
numbers by the end of the week -- so there is no need to call each of them.
I would appreciate it if you would keep me updated on who says no on the "A" list. If our
estimates of who is and is not coming are wrong, we may need to make adjustments to our "B"
list.
If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you
for all of your assistance. We are all very excited about this event and appreciate all of the efforts
of the First Lady's office.
APR-21-97 MON 12:54 PM
P. 03
A-1
The A-list of invites to the White House reception.
NOTE: There is currently a total of 122 names on the
Ms. Charlotte L. Beers
list. We are still collecting the names of 8 additional
Chairman and Chief Executive
guests that should be on the A-list and will fax those to
Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide
you as soon as we get them.
309 West 49th Street
New York, NY 10019
phone: 212-237-7241 Office
fax: 212-237-5753 Fax
Ms. Linda Chavez
Dr. William Galston
President
School of Public Affairs
The Center for Equal Opportunity
University Of Maryland
815 15th Street, N.W.
College Park, MD 20742
Suite 928
phone: 301-405-6347 Office
Washington, D.C. 20005
fax: 301-314-9346 Fax
phone: 202-639-0803
fax: 202-639-0827
Ms. Whoopi Goldberg
Mrs. Katharine Graham
c/o Tom Leonardis
2920 R Street, N.W.
Whoop, Incorporated
Washington, D.C. 20007
9255 Sunset Boulevard
phone: 202-334-6650
Los Angeles, CA 90069
fax: 202-334-1031
phone: 310-859-1668 Office
fax: 310-859-2914 Fax
Dr. David Hamburg
Mr. Irving B. Harris
President
Chairman, The Harris Foundation
Carnegie Corporation of New York
2 North LaSalle Street
437 Madison Avenue
Suite 400
New York, NY 10022
Chicago, IL 60602
phone: 212-207-6215
phone: 312-621-0650
fax: 212-223-8831
fax: 312-621-0857
Ms. Barbara Huberman
Ms. Sheila Johnson
Advocates For Youth
Executive Vice President of
1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W.
Corporate Affairs
Suite 200
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
Washington, DC 20005
One BET Plaza
phone: 202-347-5700
1900 W Place, NE
fax: 202-347-2263
Washington, DC 20018-1211
phone: 202-608-2000
fax: 202-608-2593
APR-21-97 MON 12:54 PM
P. 04
A-2
The Honorable Nancy Kassebaum-Baker
The Honorable Thomas H. Kean
801 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
President
Suite 800
Drew University
Washington, DC 20004
36 Madison Avenue
phone: 202-508-3400
Madison, NJ 07940
fax: 202-508-3402
phone: 201-408-3069 Office
fax: 201-408-3080 Fax
The Honorable C. Everett Koop, M.D.
Sister Mary Rose McGeady
6707 Democracy Boulevard
President and CEO
Suite 107
Covenant House
Bethesda, MD 20814
346-West 17th Street
phone: 301-493-6603
New York, NY 10011-5001
fax: 301-493-8160
phone: 212-727-4000
fax: 212-989-7586
Ms. Judy McGrath
Ms. Jody Miller
President
Senior Vice President for Operations
MTV
Americast
1515 Broadway
10880 Wilshire Boulevard
New York, NY 10036
Suite 1750
phone: 212-258-8712
Los Angeles, CA 90024
fax: 212-258-6361
phone: 310-234-1414 or 310-234-1423 Dana
fax: 310-234-1430
Dr. Kristin Moore
Mr. Hugh Price
President
President and Chief Executive Officer
Child Trends
National Urban League, Inc.
4301 Connecticut Avenue
500 East 62nd Street
Suite 100
New York, NY 10021
Washington, DC 20008
phone: 212-310-9010
phone: 202-362-5580
fax: 212-755-2140
fax: 202-362-5533
The Honorable Warren B. Rudman
Ms. Vicki Sant
Partner
President
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
The Summit Foundation
1615 L Street, N.W.
1120 19th Street, N.W.
Suite 1300
Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 202-223-7341
phone: 202-785-1724
fax: 202-223-7420
fax: 202-857-0025
APR-21-97 MON 12:55 PM
P. 05
#
S
Dr. Isabel V. Sawhill
Ms. Isabel Carter Stewart
President
National Executive Director
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Girls Incorporated
2100 M Street, Suite 500
30 East 33rd Street
Washington. DC 20037
New York, NY 10016-5394
phone: 202-857-8531
phone: 212-689-3700
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 212-683-1253
Dr. Robert W. Blum
The Honorable Andrew J. Young
Director of General Pediatric
Vice Chair, Law Companies Group Inc.
and Adolescent Health Program
Co-Chairman, Atlanta Committee for the Olympic
Department of Pediatrics
Games
University of Minnesota
250 Williams Street, NW
Box 721 UMHC
Suite 6000
420 Delaware Street, SE
Atlanta, GA 30303
Minneapolis, MN 55455
phone: 404-224-1926
phone: 612-626-2796
fax: 404-224-1966
fax: 612-626-2134
Dr. J.J. Card
Dr. Jacqueline D. Forrest
President
Senior Vice President and Vice President
Sociometrics Corporation
for Research
170 State Street, Suite 260
The Alan Guttmacher Institute
Los Altos, CA 94022-2812
120 Wall Street
phone: 415-949-3282
New York, NY 10005
fax: 415-949-3299
phone: 212-248-1111
fax: 212-248-1952
Dr. Waldo Johnson
Dr. Douglas and Gail Kirby
Assistant Professor
Director of Research
School of Social Service Administration
ETR Association
University of Chicago
P.O. Box 1830
969 East 60th Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95061-1830
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 408-438-4060 ext. 144
phone: 312-834-0400
fax: 408-438-3618
fax: 312-702-0874
Dr. Rebecca Maynard
Dr. Brent Miller
Professor, Graduate School of Education
Professor and Head
University of Pennsylvania
Department of Family and
3700 Walnut Street
Human Development
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Utah State University
phone: 215-898-3558
Logan, UT 84322-2905
fax: 215-573-2241
phone: 801-797-4055
fax: 801-797-3845
APR-21-97 MON 12:55 PM
P.06
Dr. Freya Sonenstein
Dr. Barbara Sugland
Director of Population Studies Center
Senior Research Associate
The Urban Institute
Child Trends, Inc.
2100 M Street, NW
4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 500
Suite 100
Washington. DC 20037
Washington, DC 20008
phone: 202-857-8546
phone: 202-362-5580
fax: 202-452-1840
fax: 202-362-5533
Dr. Kathleen E. Toomey
Dr. Stan Weed
825 Crestridge Drive, NE
Director
Atlanta, GA 30306
Institute for Research & Evaluation
phone: 404-657-2588 or 404-657-2585
6068 South Jordan Canal Road
fax: 404-657-2586
Salt Lake, UT 84118
phone: 801-966-5644
fax: 801-967-8288
Dr. Brian L. Wilcox
Ms. Kim Armstrong
Director, Center on Children,
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
Families, and the Law
Children's Express
University of Nebraska
1440 New York Avenue, NW
P.O. Box 880227
Suite 510
Lincoln, NE 68588-0227
Washington, DC 20005
phone: 402-472-3130 or 402-472-3479
phone: 202-737-7377
fax: 402-472-8412
fax: 202-737-0193
Mr. Michael Bzdak
Ms. Sue Cameron
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
Tillamook County Health Department
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
P.O. Box 489
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
County Courthouse
phone: 908-524-2487
201 Lauarel
fax: 908-524-5304
Tillamook, OR 97141
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
fax: 503-842-1384
Ms. Patricia Canessa
Mr. Aldrage Cooper
President of the Board
c/o Mr. Russell Deyo
The National Organization on Adolescent
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
Washington, DC 20004
phone: 908-524-2487
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 908-524-5304
fax: 202-783-5775
APR-21-97 MON 12:56 PM
P.07
TTD
Mr. Russell C. Deyo
Mr. Robert Dugger
Vice President
c/o Ms. Patricia Canessa
Johnson and Johnson Family of Companies
The National Organization on Adolescent
1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
phone: 908-524-2487
Washington, DC 20004
fax: 908-524-5304
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 202-783-5775
Ms. Gloria Feldt
Ms. Christina Ferrari
President
c/o Ms. Ann S. Moore
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
President
810 Seventh Avenue
People Magazine
New York, NY 10019
1271 Avenue of the Americas
phone: 212-541-7800
30th Floor
fax: 212-247-6453
New York, NY 10020
phone: 212-522-3970
fax: 212-522-7639
Mr. Eric Graham
Ms. Katrina Holt
President
c/o Ms. Patricia Canessa
Children's Express
The National Organization on Adolescent
1440 New York Avenue, NW
Pregnancy, Parenting and Prevention
Suite 510
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20005
Washington, DC 20004
phone: 202-737-7377
phone: 202-783-5770
fax: 202-737-0193
fax: 202-783-5775
Dr. Wade Horn
Dr. Marion Howard
President
Teen Services Program
National Fatherhood Initiative
Grady Memorial Hospital
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
P.O. Box 26158
Gaithersburg. MD 20878
Atlanta, GA 30335
phone: 301-948-0599
phone: 404-616-3513
fax: 301-948-0410
fax: 404-223-3071
Ms. Seo Hee Koh
c/o Susan Wilson
Ms. Linda Kramer
Sex etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
c/o Ms. Ann S. Moore
Network for Family Life Education
President
Rutgers, The State University
People Magazine
Center for Social and Community Development
1271 Avenue of the Americas
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
30th Floor
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New York, NY 10020
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 212-522-3970
p: 908-445-7929; f: 908-445-4154
fax: 212-522-7639
APR-21-97 MON 12:56 PM
P. 08
T6
Mr. Ira Lederer
Ms. Cecilia Llamas
c/o Susan Wilson
c/o Susan Wilson
Sex etc. A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Sex etc. A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Network for Family Life Education
Network for Family Life Education
Rutgers, The State University
Rutgers, The State University
Center for Social and Community Development
Center for Social and Community Development
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
Ms. Martha McKay
Mr. Stuart Merkel
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
Children's Express
Children's Express
1440 New York Avenue, NW
1440 New York Avenue, NW
Suite 510
Suite 510
Washington, DC 20005
Washington. DC 20005
phone: 202-737-7377
phone: 202-737-7377
fax: 202-737-0193
fax: 202-737-0193
Mr. Edward Pitt
Ms. Izetta Mobley
Associate Director
c/o Mr. Eric Graham
The Fatherhood Project
Children's Express
Director
1440 New York Avenue, NW
The National Practitioners Network
Suite 510
for Fathers and Families
Washington, DC 20005
Families and Work Institute
phone: 202-737-7377
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
fax: 202-737-0193
New York, NY 10001
phone: 212-465-2044; fax: 212-465-8637
Dr. Jane Brown
Mr. Billy Campbell
Professor, Department of Journalism and
Executive Vice President
Mass Communications
CBS
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
7800 Beverly Boulevard, Room 349
Howell Hall - Campus Box 3365
Los Angeles, CA 90036
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3365
phone: 213-852-4346
phone: 919-962-4089 or 919-962-2146
fax: 213-653-8276
fax: 919-962-0620
Ms. Anne Cohn Donnelly
Mr. Hal Donofrio
Executive Director
Executive Director
National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse
Campaign for Our Children
332 South Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600
121 West Fayette Street
Chicago, IL 60604-4357
Suite 1200
phone: 312-663-3520
Baltimore. MD 21201-3741
fax: 312-939-8962
phone: 410-576-9000 or 410-576-9015
fax: 410-528-8809
APR-21-97 MON 12:57 PM
P.09
11 1
Ms. Pat Fili-Krushel
Dr. Brad Greenberg
President
Department of Telecommunication
ABC Daytime
Michigan State University
409 Communication Art & Sciences Building
77 West 66th Street
Fifth Floor
East Lansing, MI 48824-1212
New York, NY 10023
phone: 517-353-6629
phone: 212-456-6309
fax: 517-432-1244
fax: 212-456-6059
Mr. David Mechlin
Ms. Ann S. Moore
Senior Partner
President
World Client Service Director
People Magazine
Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide
1271 Avenue of the Americas
309 West 49th Street
30th Floor
10th Floor
New York. NY 10020
New York, NY 10019
phone: 212-522-3970
phone: 212-237-5941
fax: 212-522-7639
fax: 212-237-5942
Ms. Sally Quinn
Mr. Bruce Rosenblum
Author, Journalist
Senior Vice President Television
3014 N Street, NW
Business Management
Washington, DC 20007
Warner Brothers
phone: 202-965-8818
4000 Warner Boulevard
fax: 202-965-5369
Building 2, Room 212
Burbank, CA 91522
Phone: 818-954-6019
Fax: 818-954-2859
Ms. Nancy Rubin
Dr. Jay A. Winsten
3035 Chain Bridge Road
Director
Washington, DC 20016
Center for Health Communication
phone: 202-244-8247
Harvard School of Public Health
fax: 202-686-9058
677 Huntington Avenue
Room 334
Boston, MA 02115
phone: 617-432-1038
fax: 617-731-8184
Ms. Ruth Wooden
Ms. Brenda Cooper
President
Sursum Corda Youth Project
The Advertising Council
Planned Parenthood of
261 Madison Avenue
Metropolitan Washington
New York, NY 10016
1108 16th Street, NW
phone:212-922-1500
Washington. DC 20036
fax: 212-867-7422 or 212-922-1676
phone: 202-347-8500
fax: 202-783-1007
APR-21-97 MON 12:57 PM
P. 10
I
Professor Jean Bethke Elshtain
Mr. Thomas Davis
Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of
507 Banyon Road
Social and Political Ethics
Vero Beach, FL 32963
phone: 518-584-5000
Divinity School
fax: 518-584-6212
University of Chicago
1025 East 58th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 773-702-7252
fax: 773-643-8298
Mr. Patrick Fagan
Professor Martin Marty
Policy Analyst
Fairfax M. Cone Distinguished
Heritage Foundation
Service Professor
214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE
Divinity School
Washington, DC 20002
University of Chicago
phone: 202-546-4400
1025 East 58th Street
fax: 202-544-5421
Chicago, IL 60637
phone: 312-702-8236
fax: 708-447-9508
Mr. William Potapchuk
Ms. Jeannie Rosoff
Executive Director
President
Program for Community Problem Solving
Alan Guttmacher Institute
915 15th Strcct, NW
120 Wall Street
Washington, DC 20005
New York, NY 10028
phone: 202-783-2961
phone: 212-248-1111
fax: 202-347-2161
fax: 212-248-1951
Ms. Hilary Shelton
Reverend Kenneth Smith
Federal Liaison
President
Government Affairs Office
The Chicago Theological Seminary
The College Fund/UNCF
5757 South University
1444 I Street, NW
Chicago, IL 60637
Washington. DC 20005
phone: 773-752-5757
phone: 202-737-8623
fax: 773-752-0905
fax: 202-737-8651
Ms. Pat Funderburk Ware
Mr. Daniel Yankelovich
Director of Educational Services
President
Americans for a Sound AIDS/HIV Policy
Public Agenda Foundation
P.O. Box 17433
Chairman
Washington, DC 20041
DYG, Inc.
phone: 703-471-7350
424 West End Avenue
fax: 703-471-8409
New York, NY 10024
phone: 212-595-7803
fax: 212-875-0144
APR-21-97 MON 12:58 PM
P. 11
T 1
Professor Linda Berne
Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
UNC-Charlotte College of Nursing
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
Department of Health Promotion
4455 Connecticut Avenue. NW
and Kinesiology
9201 University City Boulevard
Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Charlotte, NC 28223
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 704-547-4697
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 704-547-3350
The Honorable Jay Bradford
Dr. Claire Brindis
The Arkansas Senate
Director, Center for Reproductive
P.O. Box 8367
Health Policy Research
Pine Bluff, AK 71611
UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies
phone: 501-682-6107 or 501-541-0020
1388 Sutter Street, 11th Floor
fax: 501-535-8318
San Francisco, CA 94109
phone: 415-476-5255
fax: 415-476-0705
Ms. Donna Butts
Dr. Michael Carrerra
Executive Director
Director, National Adolescent
NOAPPP
Sexuality Training Center
1319 F Street, NW, Suite 401
Children's Aid Society
Washington, DC 20004
350 East 88th Street
phone: 202-783-5770
New York, NY 10128
fax: 202-783-5775
phone: 212-876-9716
fax: 212-876-9718
Ezra Davidson, M.D.
Ms. Annette Cumming
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and
Executive Director and Vice President
Gynecology
Cumming Foundation
Charles R. Drew University of
Board Member
Medicine and Science
Planned Parenthood Foundation of America
King-Drew Medical Center
21 G Street
12021 South Wilmington Avenue
Salt Lake City, UT 84103
Los Angeles, CA 90059-3025
phone: 801-521-1044
phone: 310-668-4601
fax: 801-521-1047
fax: 310-604-9570
Ms. Donna Fishman
Ms. Bernice Humphrey
Co-Director
Director, Teen Connections
Minnesota Organization on Adolescent
Project Director, Healthy Girls Initiative
Pregnancy, Prevention, and Parenting
Girls, Inc.
P.O. Box 40392
441 West Michigan
St. Paul, MN 55104
Indianapolis, IN 46202
phone: 612-771-5040 or 612-928-8467
phone: 317-634-7546
fax: 612-772-5566
fax: 317-634-3024
APR-21-97 MON 12:58 PM
P. 12
F N
Dr. Renée R. Jenkins
Ms. Leslie Kantor
Professor and Chair
Vice President of Education
Pediatrics and Child Health
Planned Parenthood of New York City
Howard University Hospital
Executive Office
2041 Georgia Avenue, NW
Margaret Sanger Square
Washington. DC 20060
26 Bleecker Street
phone: 202-865-1592
New York, NY 10012-2413
fax: 202-865-4558
phone: 212-274-7320
fax: 212-274-7218
Mr. Chris P Nelson
Ms. Theodora Ooms
Director of Social Services
Executive Director
Southwest District Health Department
Family Impact Seminar
Bridges/PEER
1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW
920 Main Street
Suite 209
Caldwell, Idaho 83605
Washington, DC 20036-3101
phone: 208-455-5375
phone: 202-496-1964
fax: 208-454-7722
fax: 202-496-1975
Ms. Aracely Panameño
Mr. Wayne Pawlowski
Executive Director
Director of Training
National Latina Institute for
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Reproductive Health
1120 Connecticut Avenue, NW
1200 New York Avenue, Suite 300
Suite 461
Washington, DC 20005
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 202/326-8970
phone: 202-785-3351
fax: 202/371-8112
fax: 202-293-4349
Ms. Sharon Rodine
Mr. John Schlitt
Coordinator
Associate Director
Heart of OKC Project
Making the Grade
Oklahoma Child Advocacy Institute
The George Washington University
420 N.W. 13th Street
1350 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 101
Suite 505
Oklahoma City, OK 73102
Washington, DC 20036
phone: 405-236-5437/405-271-4471/405-321-0132
phone: 202-466-3396
fax: 405-236-5439/405-321-1888
fax: 202-466-3467
Dr. Aaron Shirley
Dr. Mary Vernon
Jackson Medical Mall
Medical Officer
350 West Woodrow Wilson
Division of Adolescent and School Health
Suite 302-A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jackson, MS 39213
4770 Buford Highway
phone: 601-982-0673
Stop # K-31
fax: 601-982-0459
Atlanta, GA 30341
phone: 770-488-5362
fax: 770-488-5972
APR-21-97 MON 12:59 PM
P. 13
π 11
Ms. Kathleen Walsh
Ms. Gayle Wilson
Executive Director
Senior Program Officer
Catholic Social Ministries
California Wellness Foundation
300 Cardinal Gibbons Drive
6320 Canoga Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27606
Suite 1700
phone: 919-821-9752
Woodland Hills, CA 91367
fax: 919-821-9705
phone: 818-593-6600
fax: 818-593-6614
Ms. Susan Wilson
Executive Coordinator
Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Brown
Network for Family Life Education
Director
Rutgers, The State University
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Center for Social and Community Development
2100 M Street, Suite 300
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
Washington, DC 20037
Building 4161
phone: 202-857-8692
P.O. Box 5062
fax: 202-331-7735
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
phone: 908-445-7929; fax: 908-445-4154
Dr. Vivien Stewart
Mrs. Claudia Horn
Carnegie Corporation of New York
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
437 Madison Avenue
President
New York, NY 10022
National Fatherhood Initiative
phone: 212-371-3200
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
fax: 212-754-4073
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
phone: 301-948-0599
fax: 301-948-0410
Ms. Caroline Hom
Ms. Christen Horn
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
c/o Dr. Wade Horn
President
President
National Fatherhood Initiative
National Fatherhood Initiative
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
16049 Copen Meadow Drive
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
phone: 301-948-0599
phone: 301-948-0599
fax: 301-948-0410
fax: 301-948-0410
Mr. Peter Richardson
Smith Richardson Foundation
Mr. Rush Russell
60 Jesup Road
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Westport, CT 06880
Route 1 and College Road East
phone: 203-222-6222
P.O. Box 2316
fax: 203-222-6282
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316
phone: 609-951-5755
fax: 609-452-1865
APR-21-97 MON 12:59 PM
P. 14
FT 10-
Ms. Shira Saperstein
Mr. Field K. Wasson, Jr.
The Moriah Fund
Llama Company
1634 I Street, NW
Suite 230
Suite 1000
2222 Cottondale Lane
Washington, DC 20006
Little Rock, AK 72202
phone: 202-783-8488
phone: 501-666-5245
fax: 202-783-8499
fax: 501-666-5249
Ms. Marie Mitchell, R.N.
Ms. Constance Danielson
c/o Dr. Marion Howard
c/o Dr. Marion Howard
Teen Services Program
Teen Services Program
Grady Memorial Hospital
Grady Memorial Hospital
P.O. Box 26158
P.O. Box 26158
Atlanta, GA 30335
Atlanta, GA 30335
phone: 404-616-3513
phone: 404-616-3513
fax: 404-223-3071
fax: 404-223-3071
Ms. Angela Norman
Ms. Lisa Haileab
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
President and Founder
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
Best Friends Foundation
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 310
Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Washington, DC 20008-2328
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 202-822-9266
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 202-822-9276
Ms. Pauline Hamlette
Ms. Angela Rice
c/o Ms. Elayne G. Bennett
Coordinator
President and Founder
Best Friends Foundation
Best Friends Foundation
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
4455 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 310
Suite 310
Washington, DC 20008-2328
Washington, DC 20008-2328
phone: 202-822-9266
phone: 202-822-9266
fax: 202-822-9276
fax: 202-822-9276
Mr. Jefferi Lee
Ms. Deborah Tang
c/o Ms. Sheila Johnson
c/o Ms. Sheila Johnson
Executive Vice President of
Executive Vice President of
Corporate Affairs
Corporate Affairs
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
Black Entertainment Television, Inc.
One BET Plaza
One BET Plaza
1900 W Place, NE
1900 W Place, NE
Washington, DC 20018-1211
Washington, DC 20018-1211
phone: 202-608-2000
phone: 202-608-2000
fax: 202-608-2593
fax: 202-608-2593
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P.15
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P. 16
H-14
Ms. Gloria Primm Brown
Carnegie Corporation of New York
437 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10022
phone: 212-371-3200
fax: 212-754-4073
APR-22-97 TUE 04:54 PM
P. 02
Last of the A-List Invites to the White House Reception
Mr. Michael Magee
Vice President for Education
Ms. Connie Revell
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
c/o Ms. Sue Cameron
810 Seventh Avenue
County Courthouse
New York, NY 10019
201 Laurel
phone: 212-541-7800
Tillamook, OR 97141
fax: 212-247-6453
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
NOTE: Replaces Gloria Feldt on the A list
fax: 503-842-1384
Ms. Nancy Parello
Mr. Eric Pitt
Coordinator
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
Sex etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
Families and Work Institute
Rutgers, The State University
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
Center for Social and Community
New York, NY 10001
Development
phone: 212-465-2044
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
fax: 212-465-8637
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
Ms. Annette Pitt
P: 609-466-8810
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
f: 609-466-4276
Families and Work Institute
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
Ms. Katrina Braxton
New York, NY 10001
Sex etc. -- A Newsletter by Teens, for Teens
phone: 212-465-2044
Network for Family Life Education
fax: 212-465-8637
Rutgers, The State University
Center for Social and Community
Dr. Roger Witherspoon
Development
c/o Mr. Edward Pitt
School of Social Work - Livingston Campus
Families and Work Institute
Building 4161, P.O. Box 5062
330 Seventh Avenue, 14th Floor
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5062
New York, NY 10001
p: 908-445-7929
phone: 212-465-2044
f: 908-445-4154
fax: 212-465-8637
Mr. Brian Cameron
Ms. Margaret Conway
c/o Sue Cameron
Vice President of Public Policy
County Courthouse
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
201 Laurel
810 Seventh Avenue
Tillamook, OR 97141
New York, NY 10019
phone: 503-842-3403, 503-842-7911 (home)
phone: 212-541-7800
fax: 503-842-1384
fax: 212-247-6453
APR-21-97 MON 01:00 PM
P. 17
1
The White House reception B List. These persons
Mr. Dennis Bakke
are to be invited as people from the A-List decline in the
The AES Corporation
order that they appear on this list.
1001 North 19th Street
Arlington, VA 22209
phone: 703/522-0073
fax: 703-703-528-4510
Mr. and Mrs. David Cole
Ms. Suzanne Delbanco
820 Great Cumberland
Kaiser Family Foundation
McLean, VA 22102
2400 Sand Hill Road
phone: 703-757-1000
Menlo Park, CA 94025
fax: 703-757-7504
phone: 415-854-9400
fax: 415-854-4800
Ms. Debra Delgado
The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Ms. Robin Chandler Duke
701 St. Paul Street
435 East 52nd Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
New York, NY 10022
phone: 410-547-6600
phone: 202-659-1833, 212-759-9145
fax: 410-547-6624
fax: 212-935-9763
Mr. Paul Tudor Jones, II
Dr. Ruby Hearn
Chairman
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Tudor Investment Corporation
Route 1 and College Road EAst
One Liberty Plaza
P.O. Box 2316
New York, NY 10006
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316
phone: 212-227-6601
phone: 609/243-5911
fax: 212-227-6698
fax: 609-452-1865
Ms. Betty King
Mr. Gara LaMarche
The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Open Society Institute
701 St. Paul Street
888 Seventh Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21202
New York, NY 10106
phone: 410-254-7660
phone: 212/887-0187
fax: 410-223-2956
fax: 212/247-3890
APR-21-97 MON 01:01 PM
P. 18
Mr. Scott McVay
Mr. and Mrs. John Macomber
Executive Director
2806 N Street, N.W.
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
Washington, DC 20007
P.O. Box 1239
phone: 202-338-3677 or 338-0290
Morristown, NJ 07962-1239
fax: 202-338-0294
phone: 201-540-8442
fax: 201-540-1211
Ms. Janice Molnar
Mr. Art Ortenberg and Ms. Liz Claiborne Ortenberg
Urban Poverty Program
The Liz Claibome and Art Ortenberg Foundation
The Ford Foundation
650 Fifth Avenue
320 East 43rd Street
New York, NY 10019
New York, NY 10017
phone: 212-333-3888
phone: 212-573-5000
fax: 212-956-3531
fax: 212-286-0871
Ms. Susan Rich
Wallace Genetic Foundation, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Weil
1120 19th Street, N.W.
Denie and Frank
Suite 550
1516 28th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Washington, D.C. 20007
phone: 202-452-1530
phone: 202-338-6007
fax: 202-293-1795
fax: 202-338-6022
Mr. Josh Weston
Mr. and Mrs. Alan Wurtzel
One ADP Boulevard
Alan and Ruth
Roseland, NJ 07068-1728
2134 R Street, N.W.
phone: 201-994-5871
Washington, D.C 20008
fax: 201-994-5390
phone: 202-265-3232
fax: 202-265-3019
Ms. Marti Easton
Ms. Carmen Ford
Corporate Secretary and Assistant to the President
Director of Administration
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 500
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8631
phone: 202-857-8620
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
APR-21-97 MON 01:01 PM
P. 19
Mr. John Hutchins
Ms. Tamara Kreinin
Communications Manager
Director of State and Local Affairs
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8591
phone: 202-857-8694
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Ms. Alexandra Leverich
Ms. Marisa Nightingale
Assistant to the Director
Program Development Associate
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8694
phone: 202-857-8703
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Mr. William Smith
Ms. Jamie Tullman
Program Associate for Religion and Public Values
Special Assistant to the President
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-857-8596
phone: 202-857-8544
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Staff
Ms. Heather Lafferty
Ms. Phyllis Wolfe
Intern
Consultant for State and Local Affairs
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2100 M Street, Suite 300
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20037
Washington, DC 20037
phone: 202-974-2235
phone: 202-857-8655
fax: 202-331-7735
fax: 202-331-7735
Ms. Tracey Lauterborn
Dr. Drew Altman
Assistant to the Director of Administration
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
2400 Sand Hill Road
2100 M Street, Suite 300
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Washington, DC 20037
phone:415/854-9400
phone: 202-974-2234
fax: 415-854-7465
fax: 202-331-7735
Staff
APR-21-97 MON 01:02 PM
P. 20
7
Ms. Carolyn Asbury
Dr. Richard Behrman
The Pew Charitable Trusts
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
One Commerce Square
300 Second Street, Suite 200
2005 Market Street, Suite 1700
Los Altos, California 94022
Philadelphia, PA 19103-7017
phone: 415-948-7658
phone: 215-575-4860
fax: 415-948-5793
fax: 215-575-4939
Dr. Martha Campbell
David and Lucille Packard Foundation
Mr. Don Conlan
Suite 200
President Emeritus
300 Second Street
The Capital Group Companies, Incorporated
Los Altos, CA 94022
333 South Hope Street
phone: 415-948-7658
Los Angeles, CA 90071
fax: 415-948-5793
phone: 213-486-9200
fax: 213-486-9217
Ms. Karen Davis
Mr. Michael Deaver
Commonwealth Fund
Edelman Public Relations
Harkness House
1420 K Street, N.W.
One East 75th Street
Washington, D.C. 20005
New York, NY 10021-2692
phone: 202-371-0200
phone: 212/535-0400
fax: 202-371-2858
fax: 212-66-3876
Ken Duberstein
Duberstein Group
Ms. Sally Epstein
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
5620 Oregon Avenue, N.W.
Washington. D.C. 20037
Washington, D.C. 20015
phone: 202-728-1100
phone: 202-363-3664
fax: 202-728-1123
fax: 202-966-5881
Mr. Allen Greenberg
Mr. Thomas Layton
The Buffett Foundation
Wallace Alexander Gerbode Foundation
209 Kiewit Plaza
470 Columbus Street, Suite 209
Omaha, NE 68131
San Francisco, CA 94133
phone: 402/345-9168
phone: 415-391-0911
fax: 402-345-1186
fax: 415-391-4587
APR-21-97 MON 01:02 PM
P. 21
Mr. Thomas Layton
Ms. Lynne Ball and Mrs. Hermann
Wallace Alexander Gerbode Foundation
The Mark and Catherine Winkler Foundation
470 Columbus Street, Suite 209
4900 Seminary Road
San Francisco, CA 94133
Alexandria, VA 22311-1811
phone: 415-391-0911
phone: 703-578-7732
fax: 415-391-4587
fax: 703-578-4940
Mr. Mark Murphy
Dr. Betty Ann Ottinger
The Fund for New Jersey
Executive Director
94 Church Street, Suite 303
Winslow Foundation
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
1425 21st Street, N.W.
phone: 908-220-8656
Washington, D.C. 20036
fax: 908-220-8654
phone: 202-833-4714
fax: 202-
Joseph Speidel, M.D.
Dr. Felicia Stewart
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Suite 200
2400 Sand Hill Road
525 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Menlo Park, CA 94025
phone: 415-854-9400
phone: 415-329-1070
fax: 415-854-4800
fax: 415-329-9342
Mr. Ron Mincy
Ms. Lori Villarosa
The Ford Foundation
The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
320 East 43rd Street
1200 Mott Foundation Building
New York, NY 10017
Flint, MI 48502-1851
p: 212-573-5000
phone: 810-238-5651
f: 212-286-0871
fax: 810-766-1753
P.01
APR-16-97 WED 04:03 PM
Fax to
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
stam Rubin
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET. N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
FAX TRANSMISSION
TO:
Katie Button
DATE: April 16, 1997
FAX NUMBER:
456-6244
FROM:
Marti Easton
SENDER'S TELEPHONE NUMBER: 202/857-8631
TOTAL PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET:
3
MESSAGE:
Katie,
Our Congressional panel lists are attached for the May 2 reception. I am assuming
that this group is not included in our 130 invitees. If I am mistaken, please let me know.
Thank you.
Marti
P.02
APR-16-97 WED 04:04 PM
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
House Advisory Panel to the Campaign
Co-Chairs:
Representative Michael Castle (R-DE)
Representative Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Vice Chairs
Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC)
Representative Nancy Johnson (R-CT)
Members
Representative Tom Barrott (D-WD)
Representative Jim Greenwood (R-PA)
Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC)
Representative Stephen Horn (R-CA)
Representative Jim Kolbe (R-AZ)
Representative Jim Leach (R-IA)
Representative Sheila Jackson Lee (ID-TX)
Representative John Lewis (D-GA)
Representative Susan Molinari (R-NY)
Representative Jim Moran (D-VA)
Representative Connie Morolla (R-MD)
Representative John Porter (R-IL)
Representative Deborah Pryce (R-OH)
Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-CA)
Representative Tim Roomer (D-IN)
Representative Chris Shays (R-CT)
Representative Karen Thurman (D-FL)
Representative Ed Towns (D-NY)
P.03
APR-16-97 WED 04:04 PM
THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT
TEEN PREGNANCY
2100 M STREET, N.W., SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037
Senate Advisory Panel to the Campaign
Co-Chairs
Senstor Joseph I. Lieberman (D-CT)
Senator Olympia J. Snowe (R-ME)
Members
Senator Christopher S. Bond (R-MO)
Senator John B. Breaux (D-LA)
Senator John H. Chafee (R-RI)
Senator Susan M. Collins (R-ME)
Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND)
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL)
Senator Tim Hutchinson (R-AR)
Senator James M. Jeffords (R-VT)
Senator Herb Kohl (D-WI)
Senator Mary L. Landricu (D-LA)
Senator Patty Murray (D-WA)
Group not complete at press time.
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVE. N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
Division of Health Promotion
Phone: (202) 334-1736
and Disease Prevention
Fax: (202) 334-2939
December 29, 1995
Memorandum:
To:
Melanne Verveer
From: Sarah Brown SB
Re:
Revised attachments: Koop and Winfrey letters
As requested, here are two copies of a revised attachment for the Koop and
Winfrey letters. I have also included a disc with the attachment on it so that you may
make additional changes if you wish. Note, however, that the paper's "attachment A"
(which is a list of those who attended the Oct. 5 meeting) is not a part of the computer-
based document; it would need to be copied off the existing hard-copy if you are creating
a new version.
Profuse thanks again to Mrs. Clinton and to you for sending these letters. We will
follow-up later next week with a phone call and will let you know the outcome. For our
files, it would be very helpful if we were provided copies of the letters in their final form.
These many be faxed to me at 202-334-2031.
I will be in most of today, and home later in the day if you need to reach me
(office: 202-334-2932; home: 202-966-2727).
Happy - happier - New Year, Melanne, and kindest regards to you all.
December , 1995
Ms. Oprah Winfrey
Chairman of the Board
Harpo Inc.
110 N. Carpenter Street
Chicago, Il 60607
Dear
:
As you may recall, during his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the
President identified teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation
today," and called for a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. In a series of
private meetings since that address, the President has asserted that any national effort to
reduce adolescent pregnancy must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term, and that
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. With the full support of the President
and me, a group has been hard at work over the last few months to develop more
specific plans for a private sector campaign.
Onberhay n the President,
^ I am writing today to ask that you help to lead this campaign by agreeing to serve
on a national campaign leadership board. In this role, you will be joined by a number of
other prominent Americans drawn from the media, the entertainment industry, the
foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent advocacy,
and local programs with to teenage pregnancy. The time required will be limited,
but your visible support and commitment to this issue is essential to the campaign's
success. You are widely known, deeply respected, and highly skilled in talking with
Americans of all persuasions about this and so many other topics.
The purpose of the campaign will be to focus communities, parents, and teenagers
themselves on the serious problem of teen pregnancy and the need to remain pregnancy
free until adulthood. Reducing pregnancy among unmarried teenagers is an essential
step in creating a better life for young people themselves and for the next generation as
well. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal, and communities will vary in their
preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy. Fortunately, there is a large body
of experience and research in this area that can be drawn on to craft specific messages
and strategies.
as
The President has asked Dr. Isabel SawhillAto develop specific plans for the
national campaign, and we have requested that she follow-up with a call to you shortly.
She will provide more details about campaign plans and will explain more precisely what
we have in mind. I have also attached a recent paper that she and others developed to
provide additional background.
PHOTOCOPY
HRC HANDWRITING
Ms. Oprah Winfrey
December , 1995
Page Two
I hope very much that you will agree to work on this important campaign
leadership group. The President joins me in sending kindest regards and best holiday
greetings.
Sincerely,
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Attachment
DETERMINED TO BE AN
CONFIDENTIAL
ADMINISTRATIVE MARKING
December, 1995
INITIALS: RUR DATE: 09/26/14
A NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
(?)
I. Background:
9 small meetings aving experts and
a
larger
During his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the President identified
teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation today," and called for
a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. As a follow-up to that speech, the
President convened a meeting on October 5, 1995 at the White House in order to discuss
the merits and possible activities of a private sector campaign to reduce adolescent
pregnancy.
In attendance were leaders from government, the media, the entertainment
industry, the foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent
advocacy, local programs addressed to teenage pregnancy, and social science research; a
list of attendees is in attachment A. Although some of the individuals at the meeting
have a long standing interest in teen pregnancy, many were relatively new to the issue.
Including such individuals and institutions reflected a conscious decision within the White
House to try to engage new actors and leaders in this important issue, a theme that has
continued to be a key idea in planning for the future.
The President asserted that any national effort to reduce adolescent pregnancy
must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term (seven to ten years in duration), and that,
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. At the same time, the President also
pledged the full support of the Executive Branch in providing accurate data and
information and in lending general support to a private-sector effort; he also noted that
government actions in this area would profit from the advice and leadership of a non-
governmental group. He stressed the need to encourage and build on the rich variety of
state and local efforts already underway around the nation.
Most fundamentally, meeting participants agreed that adolescents must be
encouraged and helped to postpone pregnancy and parenthood, especially in an economy
that increasingly requires higher levels of skill and education. Reducing pregnancy
among unmarried teenagers is an essential step in creating a better life for teenagers
1
PHOTOCOPY
HRC HANDWRITING
themselves and for the next generation. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal,
and communities will vary in their preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy.
There was also agreement that there is a leadership void at the national level on
this issue. Although many local and state groups are active in this area, and numerous
expert groups continue to focus on the problem, few high-profile, national leaders speak
forcefully and repeatedly about the critical need to reduce teenage pregnancy.
Moreover, the current array of groups and individuals active in this area is drawn from a
relatively narrow band of American life; extensive outreach and education are needed to
enlarge the numbers and diversity of those involved.
The White House meeting concluded with great enthusiasm for a campaign
against teen pregnancy, and a general understanding that additional work was needed to
specify the leadership, content, and administrative underpinnings of such a campaign. In
an effort to build on the momentum generated, Dr. David Hamburg, President of the
Carnegie Corporation of New York, offered to host a follow-up meeting to review more
detailed plans for a national initiative. This meeting has been scheduled for January 30,
and will include both those who attended the October meeting with the President and
others with a strong interest in this issue.
Responsibility for developing specific plans for the national initiative was assigned
to Dr. Isabel Sawhill of the Urban Institute, who agreed to work intensively throughout
the balance of the fall and early winter to develop a plan of action. In this work, Dr.
Sawhill is being assisted by Sarah Brown, currently at the Institute of Medicine. Support
for a brief planning period (November, 1995 through January 1996) is being provided by
several private foundations.
II. Immediate Follow-up to the White House Meeting: Nov. 1995 - Jan. 1996
Activities in the planning phase are directed to three closely related issues: A)
developing a mission statement or set of principles to guide the campaign, B) recruiting
the leadership of the campaign, and C) outlining options for specific campaign activities.
The goal of current planning is to present those attending the January follow-up meeting
with a proposed plan of action -- a "prospectus" -- that addresses all three issues. Thus,
the prospectus will present a set of guiding principles for further discussion by the group,
a roster of prominent Americans who hopefully will have agreed to lead the overall
campaign, and a possible slate of activities. The prospectus will also cover the
campaign's relationship to existing groups active in teen pregnancy prevention, its
organizational structure, and possible sources of funding.
2
A. Mission and Guiding Principles
In preparing for the White House meeting, many groups and individuals were
consulted and out of these discussions as well as the meeting itself, there is some
consensus that the overall mission of the campaign should be -- quite simply -- to reduce
teenage pregnancy.
A number of individuals have also suggested that a national campaign set numeric
goals to motivate its work and to provide benchmarks against which progress can be
measured. For example, the campaign might set as a goal reducing the rate of teen
pregnancy in the United States to that of selected other developed countries by a certain
year; another goal might be to have half of all large cities in America reporting an active
local campaign to reduce teen pregnancy by the year 2000.
In addition, the campaign will need to be motivated or guided by a number of
overarching principles or beliefs, such as the following:
The effort needs to be long-term. Only sustained effort will enable progress to be
made on this difficult problem.
The effort should be bipartisan and respectful of the diversity of values held by
different individuals and groups. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of
reducing teen pregnancy. However, no single approach to reducing teenage
pregnancy is effective in all situations, and tolerance for a variety of approaches is
essential.
The effort must have strong credible leadership from a group of people who are
committed to reducing teen pregnancy and who are willing to use their own
influence to educate others about the seriousness of the problem.
The effort should be entirely private (nongovernmental) while recognizing that
public-private partnerships and Presidential involvement may be important to its
success.
The effort should work to instill a new ethic of responsible sexual and parenting
behavior among the nation's young people while recognizing that social and
economic deprivation remain important precursors of teenage childbearing. The
message is simple: bringing a child into the world is an enormous responsibility;
couples should not have a child until they are ready to nurture and care for that
child.
The effort must be built on a solid foundation of knowledge about what
approaches work and which ones don't, and seek to learn more about effective
approaches.
3
The effort should encourage innovation but not reinvent the wheel. Instead, it
needs to leverage the efforts of other groups and local communities. Everyone
needs to be involved: parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, elected
officials, the media, and teens themselves.
The effort must focus on boys as well as girls. It must seek to instill healthier
attitudes about the need for mutual respect between the sexes, shared
responsibility for children, the value of marriage, good parenting, and long-term
commitments.
The effort must recognize the contradictory messages that young people receive
from parents, teachers, the media, and peer groups and seek to build new
voluntary efforts to quiet or counteract the negative messages.
The effort should celebrate success and good news wherever it is found, building
on successful efforts to create greater confidence that the battle against children
having children can be won.
These ten principles are guiding the planning phase. Later they may need to be
revised to reflect the insights and values of those selected to lead the campaign.
B. Developing the Leadership of a National Campaign
A major assumption underlying the proposed national campaign is that leaders at
the highest levels of American life must take a public and visible leadership role on this
issue. The stature and diversity of the campaign's leadership group will do much to
determine the depth, extent, and impact of the campaign, and to distinguish its efforts
from those of many expert groups already active in the area of teen pregnancy.
Towards that end, a potential roster of campaign leaders with clear bipartisan
representation is being recruited from many sectors. Listed below are some
representative names under active consideration. Although some of these individuals
have already extended specific offers of help, it needs to be emphasized that not all of
them have agreed to serve.
business and philanthropic leaders, such as William Gates (CEO of Microsoft)
and John Pepper (CEO of Procter and Gamble)
state leaders (not in office), such as Thomas Kean (former Republican governor
of New Jersey) and Richard Celeste (former Democratic Governor of
Ohio)
4
community and voluntary sector leaders, such as Hugh Price (head of The
Urban League) and Andrew Young (former Mayor of Atlanta)
entertainment and sports figures, such as Oprah Winfrey and Jerry Rice
medicine and health leaders, such as C. Everett Koop (former Surgeon General)
national political leaders (not in office), such as Bill Bradley (soon-to-be-retired
senator from New Jersey) and Nancy Landon Kassebaum (soon-to-be-
retired senator from Kansas)
media and advertising leaders, such as Charlotte Beers (CEO of Ogilvy and
Mather) and Michael Eisner (CEO of The Disney Corporation)
No matter how highly placed the leadership group, few have any in-depth, hands-
on experience with teen pregnancy. It is therefore essential that mechanisms be set up so
that the campaign can be continually well-informed by those involved in local
programming and community change, particularly those who have extensive experience
working in low-income or minority communities where teenage pregnancy is common.
As a beginning step in this direction, a meeting of local program leaders is
planned for early December in conjunction with the national meeting of Advocates for
Youth. Suggestions for additions to this group are being sought from the National
Association for Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting Programs, from the National Family
Planning and Reproductive Health Association, from several of the foundations that have
funded community programs to reduce teenage pregnancy, and from other sources. Over
time, these early and informal discussions with program experts are likely to evolve into a
more organized, on-going group that would work closely with the campaign's leadership.
Similarly, because relevant research and information must feed into the campaign,
Dr. Kristin Moore, Executive Director of Child Trends, Inc. is organizing a meeting in
mid-December of a number of experts to review what is already known about teen
pregnancy prevention that could shape a national campaign, and what knowledge gaps
exist that must be addressed before additional actions can be taken. Confirmed
attendees include, for example, Dr. Jacqueline Forrest of the Alan Guttmacher Institute,
Dr. Laurie Schwab Zabin of Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Claire Brindis of UCSF, and
Dr. Freya Sonenstein of the Urban Institute. These participants might well provide the
core group of an on-going research advisory committee.
Through these two groups -- program and research -- and through other less
formal means as well, individuals with both research and programming experience will be
consulted on many aspects of the campaign. In addition, thought is being given to
developing a variety of ways to involve teenagers themselves in the design and conduct of
5
a campaign. Some organizations have tried to form adolescent "advisory" panels of
various types for similar purposes, and their experiences will be assessed.
It is also important to acknowledge the many offers of help that have been
received to develop the leadership function of the campaign -- offers that will be acted
on in various ways over the next several months. For example:
Gov. Kean has offered to reach out to current sitting governors to enlist their
help and interest;
Whoopi Goldberg and Jane Fonda have themselves agreed to serve as public
and visible spokespersons on this issue and to recruit other entertainers as well;
Dr. Kenneth Smith, head of the Chicago Theological Seminary, has offered to
work on the involvement of church groups, especially minority-led church groups;
Andrew Young has also agreed to help link various communities of faith to the
campaign and to help in other ways as well;
the leaders of many national groups already active in reducing adolescent
pregnancy have been consulted about the proposed campaign and have offered to
help and support it; these groups include the National Family Planning and
Reproductive Health Association, the Alan Guttmacher Institute, the Planned
Parenthood Federation of America, and the Association of Reproductive Health
Professionals. In particular, Margaret Pruitt Clark, head of Advocates for Youth,
has offered the support of her organization in developing ways to link the
campaign to state and local efforts already underway to reduce teen pregnancy.
Through the efforts of these individuals and others, a wide variety of groups will
be tapped and their support enlisted for a new national focus on reducing teen
pregnancy.
C. Developing the Content of a National Campaign
Participants at the White House meeting agreed that a national campaign could
usefully perform at least four functions:
1. Celebrating and giving visibility to a wide variety of approaches being tried
around the country to reduce teen pregnancy, especially those whose impact has
been demonstrated and those exploring novel approaches. The intent here is to
help and encourage local activists, and to extend appreciation to them for tackling
a very difficult, often divisive issue. These efforts should also encourage
communities not currently active in this area to become so by, among other things,
6
putting them in touch with others already working to reduce teen pregnancy, and
providing them with appropriate information and assistance. Many communities
are not yet focussed on preventing teen pregnancy and should be encouraged to
become so.
2. Increasing the involvement of a wider variety of leaders and institutions in teen
pregnancy prevention, including businesses, religious organizations, groups working
on other important social problems, and volunteer groups. For example,
corporations that market heavily to teenagers should be encouraged to address
teen pregnancy prevention in various ways (direct marketing campaigns, support
of local programs, etc.), and those leading community efforts against teenage
substance abuse should be encouraged to build alliances with pregnancy
prevention efforts as well, inasmuch as the same teenagers are often at risk for
problems in both areas.
3. Spearheading a long-term, multimedia campaign to reinforce and support local
efforts to reduce teen pregnancy and to help instill a new ethic of responsible
behavior. Messages would probably focus on the importance of responsible
parenting, the consequences of early pregnancy and childbearing for teens
themselves, the critical role that men and boys play in preventing teen pregnancy,
the need for parents to discuss these issues with their children, and information
about the many ways available to avoid adolescent and unintended pregnancy.
Although some of the media work might focus on developing Public Service
Announcements (PSAs), a broader effort is envisioned, touching the content of
network and cable programming, movies, and the print media as well. All such
media-focussed efforts must be based on detailed market research, careful
definition of target populations, and on-going evaluation of impact.
4. Encouraging foundations and public agencies to invest generously in a wide
variety of approaches to reducing adolescent pregnancy, and to make certain that
rigorous program evaluation is a central part of funded efforts in order to
strengthen the knowledge base of how to intervene effectively. As alluded to
earlier, despite all the rhetoric and passion associated with various efforts to
reduce teen pregnancy, the number of local programs whose impact on teen
fertility has been evaluated is very modest. Over time, a very important goal of a
national leadership group addressing teen pregnancy prevention should be to
encourage public and private funders to support more and better program
evaluation of both new and on-going programs and to disseminate the findings
widely.
In order to develop these ideas into more tangible and concrete form, participants
at the October meeting, and other experts and leaders as well, are being invited to join
one or more informal working groups to recommend specific actions in each of the above
four areas. More specifically:
7
with regards to areas 1 and 2, advice is being sought from the local program
group mentioned earlier, which is being assembled under the leadership of
Advocates for Youth in mid-December. Also, the Office of Population Affairs
within the Department of Health and Human Services is undertaking a survey of
the major national groups active in the area of teen pregnancy prevention in order
to catalogue programs currently underway and to identify gaps.
with regard to area 3, a media working group met in mid-November for the first
time to plan concrete steps in this area. Attendees included representatives from
People Magazine, the Ad Council, MTV, Ogilvy and Mather, ABC, and others in
the entertainment industry; this membership thus included representatives from
advertising, cable and network programming, the movie industry, and television.
with regard to area 4, the research group mentioned earlier will help to define
specific research needs. This group will also be invited to comment on the overall
campaign (not just area 4), inasmuch as it is important that the entire initiative be
grounded in the best information and research available.
All of these groups are assessing current efforts, identifying unmet needs, and
making recommendations specific to each area between now and the end of the year.
Their ideas will be folded into the prospectus and presented at the follow-up meeting
being convened in January, described above. It is important to emphasize that in all such
discussions, efforts are being made to include individuals with varying views on how best
to reduce teen pregnancy.
In sum, by late-January, current plans call for the following pieces to be in place
with regard to both campaign leadership and campaign content:
a core group of American leaders will have agreed to lead a National Campaign
Against Teenage Pregnancy;
a prospectus will be in hand that identifies gaps in existing approaches to
reducing teenage pregnancy, and also proposes a campaign mission, a possible
slate of activities in each of the four content areas noted earlier, some ways to
interact constructively with existing groups active in teen pregnancy prevention, as
well as a possible organizational structure and funding base;
a follow-up meeting will have been held under the auspices of the Carnegie
Corporation of New York, with invited participants to include the campaign
leadership group, those who attended the original October meeting (some
individuals will fall into both of these categories), and others drawn in more
recently; the prospectus will be used as the basic discussion document for that
meeting;
8
numerous efforts will be underway to draw in new groups to the campaign,
widening the circle of leaders involved in this issue; and
panels of both local program leaders and researchers will be under development
to help inform and shape the national campaign. A teen advisory group will also
be in the planning stages.
9
Attachment
PARTICIPANTS IN WHITE HOUSE MEETING ON TEEN PREGNANCY
The President
The Vice President
Donna Shalala, Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
Carol Rasco, Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy
Alexis Herman, Assistant to the President for Public Liaison
Elaine Kamarck, Senior Policy Advisor to the Vice President
Ms. Charlotte Beers, Chairman, Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, NY
Ms. Elayne Bennett, President, Best Friends Foundation, DC
Mr. Douglas Besharov, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, DC
Ms. Sarah Brown, Senior Study Director, Institute of Medicine, DC
Dr. Michael Carrera, Director, Pregnancy Prevention Programs, Children's Aid Society, NY
Dr. Marge Clark, President, Advocates for Youth, DC
Mrs. Marian Wright Edelman, President, Children's Defense Fund, DC
Ms. Jane Fonda, Trustee, Turner Foundation, GA
Dr. Henry Foster, Professor, Meharry Medical College, TN
Dr. William Galston, Professor, University of Maryland, MD
Ms. Christine Chambers Gilfillan, Executive Director, MCJ Foundation, NY
Ms. Whoopi Goldberg, actress, CA
Dr. David Hamburg, President, Carnegie Corporation, NY
Mr. Irving Harris, Chairman, The Harris Foundation, IL
Dr. Marion Howard, Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, GA
Mrs. Sheila Johnson, Exec. VP/Corp. Affairs, Black Entertainment Television, Inc., DC
Mr. Paul Jones, Chairman, Tudor Investment Corporation, NY
The Honorable Thomas Kean, President, Drew University
Sister Mary Rose McGeady, President, Covenant House, NY
Ms. Judy McGrath, President, MTV Music Television, NY
Ms. Ann Moore, President, People Magazine, NY
Dr. Kristin Moore, Executive Director, Child Trends, Inc., DC
Mr. Douglas Nelson, Executive Director, Annie E. Casey Foundation, MD
Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias, Past President, American Public Health Association, CA
Ms. Nancy Rubin, former official, Corporation for National Service, DC
The Honorable Warren Rudman, attorney, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, DC
Dr. Isabel Sawhill, Senior Fellow, Urban Institute, DC
Reverend Kenneth Smith, President, Chicago Theological Seminary, IL
The Honorable Louis Sullivan, President, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA
Ms. Kathleen Sylvester, Vice President for Domestic Policy, Progressive Policy Institute, DC
Dr. Jay Winsten, Dir., Cntr for Health Communication, Harvard Schl of Public Health, MA
The Honorable Andrew Young, Co-Chair, Atlanta Commitee for the Olympic Games, GA
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVE. N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
Division of Health Promotion
Phone: (202) 334-1736
and Disease Prevention
Fax: (202) 334-2939
December 19, 1995
Melanne- Please
Memorandum:
Du my changes. You can Aml
To
To:
Melanne Verveer
From:
Sarah Brown SB
overwy s.prature
HRC
w/cvargis W want
sign on
Re:
Teen Pregnancy: Draft letters for the First Lady's review
Attached are drafts of two letters for the First Lady's review. One is to Oprah
Winfrey and one is to Dr. Koop, asking each to consider serving on the leadership board
of the national campaign to reduce teenage pregnancy. I am sure that she and you will
want to make a number of changes and to make each more personal; let me know if I
can help in the revisions.
I am sending these drafts to you by both FAX and messenger. The package
coming by messenger will include two versions of the background paper referred to in
the draft letters - one for Dr. Koop and one for Ms. Winfrey. I will also tuck in a
computer disc with the two letters on it to make the editing process easier.
You may want to work in the fact that, to date, three individuals have agreed to
serve on the leadership group: Katherine Graham, Sen. Nancy Kassebaum, and Charlotte
Beers (CEO of Ogilvy and Mather). Other invitations are in the works, as you know.
You should also know that through Domestic Policy Council staff, the President has also
been asked to consider placing several personal calls to other candidates weighing the
request to join the leadership group.
The willingness of the First Lady and of you to help us approach Oprah Winfrey
and Dr. Koop is exceedingly valuable and we are deeply grateful for this tangible
assistance. Our future prospects depend very directly on the caliber of individuals who
agree to work on this issue, and White House leadership in the recruitment process is
essential.
I'm sure you'll let me know if I can provide any additional background material or
information. Please do fax to me copies of the final versions that go out so that Belle
will know when to place the follow-up calls (FAX: 202-334-2031).
Kindest regards as always, and Merry Christmas to you all.
PHOTOCOPY
HRC HANDWRITING
December , 1995
The Hon. C. Everett Koop, M.D.
6707 Democracy Blvd.
Suite 107
Bethesda, MD 20817
Dear
:
As you may recall, during his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the
President identified teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation
today," and called for a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. In a series of
private meetings since that address, the President has asserted that any national effort to
reduce adolescent pregnancy must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term, and that
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. With the full support of the President
and me, a group has been hard at work over the last few months to develop more
specific plans for a private sector campaign.
I am writing today to ask that you help to lead this campaign by agreeing to serve
on a national campaign leadership board. In this role, you will be joined by a number of
other prominent Americans drawn from the media, the entertainment industry, the
foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent advocacy,
and local programs addressed to teenage pregnancy. The time required will be limited,
but your visible support and commitment to this issue is essential to the campaign's
success. You are widely known, deeply respected, and highly skilled in talking with
Americans about a wide variety of health topics, including very sensitive ones such as
HIV/AIDS.
The purpose of the campaign will be to focus communities, parents, and teenagers
themselves on the serious problem of teen pregnancy and the need to remain pregnancy
free until adulthood. Reducing pregnancy among unmarried teenagers is an essential
step in creating a better life for young people themselves and for the next generation as
well. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal, and communities will vary in their
preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy. Fortunately, there is a large body
of experience and research in this area that can be drawn on to craft specific messages
and strategies.
The President has asked Dr. Isabel Sawhill to develop specific plans for the
national campaign, and we have requested that she follow-up with a call to you shortly.
She will provide more details about campaign plans and will explain more precisely what
we have in mind. I have also attached a recent paper that she and others developed to
provide additional background.
The Hon. C. Everett Koop, M.D.
December , 1995
Page Two
I hope very much that you will agree to work on this important campaign
leadership group. The President joins me in sending kindest regards and best holiday
greetings.
Sincerely,
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Attachment
DETERMINED TO BE AN
CONFIDENTIAL
ADMINISTRATIVE MARKING
December, 1995
INITIALS: RUR DATE: 09/26/14
A NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
I. Background:
During his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the President identified
teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation today," and called for
a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. As a follow-up to that speech, the
President convened a meeting on October 5, 1995 at the White House in order to discuss
the merits and possible activities of a private sector campaign to reduce adolescent
pregnancy.
In attendance were leaders from government, the media, the entertainment
industry, the foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent
advocacy, local programs addressed to teenage pregnancy, and social science research; a
list of attendees is in attachment A. Although some of the individuals at the meeting
have a long standing interest in teen pregnancy, many were relatively new to the issue.
Including such individuals and institutions reflected a conscious decision within the White
House to try to engage new actors and leaders in this important issue, a theme that has
continued to be a key idea in planning for the future.
The President asserted that any national effort to reduce adolescent pregnancy
must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term (seven to ten years in duration), and that,
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. At the same time, the President also
pledged the full support of the Executive Branch in providing accurate data and
information and in lending general support to a private-sector effort; he also noted that
government actions in this area would profit from the advice and leadership of a non-
governmental group. He stressed the need to encourage and build on the rich variety of
state and local efforts already underway around the nation.
Most fundamentally, meeting participants agreed that adolescents must be
encouraged and helped to postpone pregnancy and parenthood, especially in an economy
that increasingly requires higher levels of skill and education. Reducing pregnancy
among unmarried teenagers is an essential step in creating a better life for teenagers
1
themselves and for the next generation. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal,
and communities will vary in their preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy.
There was also agreement that there is a leadership void at the national level on
this issue. Although many local and state groups are active in this area, and numerous
expert groups continue to focus on the problem, few high-profile, national leaders speak
forcefully and repeatedly about the critical need to reduce teenage pregnancy.
Moreover, the current array of groups and individuals active in this area is drawn from a
relatively narrow band of American life; extensive outreach and education are needed to
enlarge the numbers and diversity of those involved.
The White House meeting concluded with great enthusiasm for a campaign
against teen pregnancy, and a general understanding that additional work was needed to
specify the leadership, content, and administrative underpinnings of such a campaign. In
an effort to build on the momentum generated, Dr. David Hamburg, President of the
Carnegie Corporation of New York, offered to host a follow-up meeting to review more
detailed plans for a national initiative. This meeting has been scheduled for January 30,
and will include both those who attended the October meeting with the President and
others with a strong interest in this issue.
Responsibility for developing specific plans for the national initiative was assigned
to Dr. Isabel Sawhill of the Urban Institute, who agreed to work intensively throughout
the balance of the fall and early winter to develop a plan of action. In this work, Dr.
Sawhill is being assisted by Sarah Brown, currently at the Institute of Medicine. Support
for a brief planning period (November, 1995 through January 1996) is being provided by
several private foundations.
II. Immediate Follow-up to the White House Meeting: Nov. 1995 - Jan. 1996
Activities in the planning phase are directed to three closely related issues: A)
developing a mission statement or set of principles to guide the campaign, B) recruiting
the leadership of the campaign, and C) outlining options for specific campaign activities.
The goal of current planning is to present those attending the January follow-up meeting
with a proposed plan of action -- a "prospectus" -- that addresses all three issues. Thus,
the prospectus will present a set of guiding principles for further discussion by the group,
a roster of prominent Americans who hopefully will have agreed to lead the overall
campaign, and a possible slate of activities. The prospectus will also cover the
campaign's relationship to existing groups active in teen pregnancy prevention, its
organizational structure, and possible sources of funding.
2
A. Mission and Guiding Principles
In preparing for the White House meeting, many groups and individuals were
consulted and out of these discussions as well as the meeting itself, there is some
consensus that the overall mission of the campaign should be -- quite simply -- to reduce
teenage pregnancy.
A number of individuals have also suggested that a national campaign set numeric
goals to motivate its work and to provide benchmarks against which progress can be
measured. For example, the campaign might set as a goal reducing the rate of teen
pregnancy in the United States to that of selected other developed countries by a certain
year; another goal might be to have half of all large cities in America reporting an active
local campaign to reduce teen pregnancy by the year 2000.
In addition, the campaign will need to be motivated or guided by a number of
overarching principles or beliefs, such as the following:
The effort needs to be long-term. Only sustained effort will enable progress to be
made on this difficult problem.
The effort should be bipartisan and respectful of the diversity of values held by
different individuals and groups. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of
reducing teen pregnancy. However, no single approach to reducing teenage
pregnancy is effective in all situations, and tolerance for a variety of approaches is
essential.
The effort must have strong credible leadership from a group of people who are
committed to reducing teen pregnancy and who are willing to use their own
influence to educate others about the seriousness of the problem.
The effort should be entirely private (nongovernmental) while recognizing that
public-private partnerships and Presidential involvement may be important to its
success.
The effort should work to instill a new ethic of responsible sexual and parenting
behavior among the nation's young people while recognizing that social and
economic deprivation remain important precursors of teenage childbearing. The
message is simple: bringing a child into the world is an enormous responsibility;
couples should not have a child until they are ready to nurture and care for that
child.
The effort must be built on a solid foundation of knowledge about what
approaches work and which ones don't, and seek to learn more about effective
approaches.
3
The effort should encourage innovation but not reinvent the wheel. Instead, it
needs to leverage the efforts of other groups and local communities. Everyone
needs to be involved: parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, elected
officials, the media, and teens themselves.
The effort must focus on boys as well as girls. It must seek to instill healthier
attitudes about the need for mutual respect between the sexes, shared
responsibility for children, the value of marriage, good parenting, and long-term
commitments.
The effort must recognize the contradictory messages that young people receive
from parents, teachers, the media, and peer groups and seek to build new
voluntary efforts to quiet or counteract the negative messages.
The effort should celebrate success and good news wherever it is found, building
on successful efforts to create greater confidence that the battle against children
having children can be won.
These ten principles are guiding the planning phase. Later they may need to be
revised to reflect the insights and values of those selected to lead the campaign.
B. Developing the Leadership of a National Campaign
A major assumption underlying the proposed national campaign is that leaders at
the highest levels of American life must take a public and visible leadership role on this
issue. The stature and diversity of the campaign's leadership group will do much to
determine the depth, extent, and impact of the campaign, and to distinguish its efforts
from those of many expert groups already active in the area of teen pregnancy.
Towards that end, a potential roster of campaign leaders with clear bipartisan
representation is being recruited from many sectors. Listed below are some
representative names under active consideration. Although some of these individuals
have already extended specific offers of help, it needs to be emphasized that not all of
them have agreed to serve.
business and philanthropic leaders, such as William Gates (CEO of Microsoft)
and John Pepper (CEO of Procter and Gamble)
state leaders (not in office), such as Thomas Kean (former Republican governor
of New Jersey) and Richard Celeste (former Democratic Governor of
Ohio)
4
community and voluntary sector leaders, such as Hugh Price (head of The
Urban League) and Andrew Young (former Mayor of Atlanta)
entertainment and sports figures, such as Oprah Winfrey and Jerry Rice
medicine and health leaders, such as C. Everett Koop (former Surgeon General)
national political leaders (not in office), such as Bill Bradley (soon-to-be-retired
senator from New Jersey) and Nancy Landon Kassebaum (soon-to-be-
retired senator from Kansas)
media and advertising leaders, such as Charlotte Beers (CEO of Ogilvy and
Mather) and Michael Eisner (CEO of The Disney Corporation)
No matter how highly placed the leadership group, few have any in-depth, hands-
on experience with teen pregnancy. It is therefore essential that mechanisms be set up so
that the campaign can be continually well-informed by those involved in local
programming and community change, particularly those who have extensive experience
working in low-income or minority communities where teenage pregnancy is common.
As a beginning step in this direction, a meeting of local program leaders is
planned for early December in conjunction with the national meeting of Advocates for
Youth. Suggestions for additions to this group are being sought from the National
Association for Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting Programs, from the National Family
Planning and Reproductive Health Association, from several of the foundations that have
funded community programs to reduce teenage pregnancy, and from other sources. Over
time, these early and informal discussions with program experts are likely to evolve into a
more organized, on-going group that would work closely with the campaign's leadership.
Similarly, because relevant research and information must feed into the campaign,
Dr. Kristin Moore, Executive Director of Child Trends, Inc. is organizing a meeting in
mid-December of a number of experts to review what is already known about teen
pregnancy prevention that could shape a national campaign, and what knowledge gaps
exist that must be addressed before additional actions can be taken. Confirmed
attendees include, for example, Dr. Jacqueline Forrest of the Alan Guttmacher Institute,
Dr. Laurie Schwab Zabin of Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Claire Brindis of UCSF, and
Dr. Freya Sonenstein of the Urban Institute. These participants might well provide the
core group of an on-going research advisory committee.
Through these two groups -- program and research -- and through other less
formal means as well, individuals with both research and programming experience will be
consulted on many aspects of the campaign. In addition, thought is being given to
developing a variety of ways to involve teenagers themselves in the design and conduct of
5
a campaign. Some organizations have tried to form adolescent "advisory" panels of
various types for similar purposes, and their experiences will be assessed.
It is also important to acknowledge the many offers of help that have been
received to develop the leadership function of the campaign -- offers that will be acted
on in various ways over the next several months. For example:
Gov. Kean has offered to reach out to current sitting governors to enlist their
help and interest;
Whoopi Goldberg and Jane Fonda have themselves agreed to serve as public
and visible spokespersons on this issue and to recruit other entertainers as well;
Dr. Kenneth Smith, head of the Chicago Theological Seminary, has offered to
work on the involvement of church groups, especially minority-led church groups;
Andrew Young has also agreed to help link various communities of faith to the
campaign and to help in other ways as well;
the leaders of many national groups already active in reducing adolescent
pregnancy have been consulted about the proposed campaign and have offered to
help and support it; these groups include the National Family Planning and
Reproductive Health Association, the Alan Guttmacher Institute, the Planned
Parenthood Federation of America, and the Association of Reproductive Health
Professionals. In particular, Margaret Pruitt Clark, head of Advocates for Youth,
has offered the support of her organization in developing ways to link the
campaign to state and local efforts already underway to reduce teen pregnancy.
Through the efforts of these individuals and others, a wide variety of groups will
be tapped and their support enlisted for a new national focus on reducing teen
pregnancy.
C. Developing the Content of a National Campaign
Participants at the White House meeting agreed that a national campaign could
usefully perform at least four functions:
1. Celebrating and giving visibility to a wide variety of approaches being tried
around the country to reduce teen pregnancy, especially those whose impact has
been demonstrated and those exploring novel approaches. The intent here is to
help and encourage local activists, and to extend appreciation to them for tackling
a very difficult, often divisive issue. These efforts should also encourage
communities not currently active in this area to become so by, among other things,
6
putting them in touch with others already working to reduce teen pregnancy, and
providing them with appropriate information and assistance. Many communities
are not yet focussed on preventing teen pregnancy and should be encouraged to
become so.
2. Increasing the involvement of a wider variety of leaders and institutions in teen
pregnancy prevention, including businesses, religious organizations, groups working
on other important social problems, and volunteer groups. For example,
corporations that market heavily to teenagers should be encouraged to address
teen pregnancy prevention in various ways (direct marketing campaigns, support
of local programs, etc.), and those leading community efforts against teenage
substance abuse should be encouraged to build alliances with pregnancy
prevention efforts as well, inasmuch as the same teenagers are often at risk for
problems in both areas.
3. Spearheading a long-term, multimedia campaign to reinforce and support local
efforts to reduce teen pregnancy and to help instill a new ethic of responsible
behavior. Messages would probably focus on the importance of responsible
parenting, the consequences of early pregnancy and childbearing for teens
themselves, the critical role that men and boys play in preventing teen pregnancy,
the need for parents to discuss these issues with their children, and information
about the many ways available to avoid adolescent and unintended pregnancy.
Although some of the media work might focus on developing Public Service
Announcements (PSAs), a broader effort is envisioned, touching the content of
network and cable programming, movies, and the print media as well. All such
media-focussed efforts must be based on detailed market research, careful
definition of target populations, and on-going evaluation of impact.
4. Encouraging foundations and public agencies to invest generously in a wide
variety of approaches to reducing adolescent pregnancy, and to make certain that
rigorous program evaluation is a central part of funded efforts in order to
strengthen the knowledge base of how to intervene effectively. As alluded to
earlier, despite all the rhetoric and passion associated with various efforts to
reduce teen pregnancy, the number of local programs whose impact on teen
fertility has been evaluated is very modest. Over time, a very important goal of a
national leadership group addressing teen pregnancy prevention should be to
encourage public and private funders to support more and better program
evaluation of both new and on-going programs and to disseminate the findings
widely.
In order to develop these ideas into more tangible and concrete form, participants
at the October meeting, and other experts and leaders as well, are being invited to join
one or more informal working groups to recommend specific actions in each of the above
four areas. More specifically:
7
with regards to areas 1 and 2, advice is being sought from the local program
group mentioned earlier, which is being assembled under the leadership of
Advocates for Youth in mid-December. Also, the Office of Population Affairs
within the Department of Health and Human Services is undertaking a survey of
the major national groups active in the area of teen pregnancy prevention in order
to catalogue programs currently underway and to identify gaps.
with regard to area 3, a media working group met in mid-November for the first
time to plan concrete steps in this area. Attendees included representatives from
People Magazine, the Ad Council, MTV, Ogilvy and Mather, ABC, and others in
the entertainment industry; this membership thus included representatives from
advertising, cable and network programming, the movie industry, and television.
with regard to area 4, the research group mentioned earlier will help to define
specific research needs. This group will also be invited to comment on the overall
campaign (not just area 4), inasmuch as it is important that the entire initiative be
grounded in the best information and research available.
All of these groups are assessing current efforts, identifying unmet needs, and
making recommendations specific to each area between now and the end of the year.
Their ideas will be folded into the prospectus and presented at the follow-up meeting
being convened in January, described above. It is important to emphasize that in all such
discussions, efforts are being made to include individuals with varying views on how best
to reduce teen pregnancy.
In sum, by late-January, current plans call for the following pieces to be in place
with regard to both campaign leadership and campaign content:
a core group of American leaders will have agreed to lead a National Campaign
Against Teenage Pregnancy;
a prospectus will be in hand that identifies gaps in existing approaches to
reducing teenage pregnancy, and also proposes a campaign mission, a possible
slate of activities in each of the four content areas noted earlier, some ways to
interact constructively with existing groups active in teen pregnancy prevention, as
well as a possible organizational structure and funding base;
a follow-up meeting will have been held under the auspices of the Carnegie
Corporation of New York, with invited participants to include the campaign
leadership group, those who attended the original October meeting (some
individuals will fall into both of these categories), and others drawn in more
recently; the prospectus will be used as the basic discussion document for that
meeting;
8
numerous efforts will be underway to draw in new groups to the campaign,
widening the circle of leaders involved in this issue; and
panels of both local program leaders and researchers will be under development
to help inform and shape the national campaign. A teen advisory group will also
be in the planning stages.
9
Attachment
PARTICIPANTS IN WHITE HOUSE MEETING ON TEEN PREGNANCY
The President
The Vice President
Donna Shalala, Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
Carol Rasco, Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy
Alexis Herman, Assistant to the President for Public Liaison
Elaine Kamarck, Senior Policy Advisor to the Vice President
Ms. Charlotte Beers, Chairman, Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, NY
Ms. Elayne Bennett, President, Best Friends Foundation, DC
Mr. Douglas Besharov, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, DC
Ms. Sarah Brown, Senior Study Director, Institute of Medicine, DC
Dr. Michael Carrera, Director, Pregnancy Prevention Programs, Children's Aid Society, NY
Dr. Marge Clark, President, Advocates for Youth, DC
Mrs. Marian Wright Edelman, President, Children's Defense Fund, DC
Ms. Jane Fonda, Trustee, Turner Foundation, GA
Dr. Henry Foster, Professor, Meharry Medical College, TN
Dr. William Galston, Professor, University of Maryland, MD
Ms. Christine Chambers Gilfillan, Executive Director, MCJ Foundation, NY
Ms. Whoopi Goldberg, actress, CA
Dr. David Hamburg, President, Carnegie Corporation, NY
Mr. Irving Harris, Chairman, The Harris Foundation, IL
Dr. Marion Howard, Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, GA
Mrs. Sheila Johnson, Exec. VP/Corp. Affairs, Black Entertainment Television, Inc., DC
Mr. Paul Jones, Chairman, Tudor Investment Corporation, NY
The Honorable Thomas Kean, President, Drew University
Sister Mary Rose McGeady, President, Covenant House, NY
Ms. Judy McGrath, President, MTV Music Television, NY
Ms. Ann Moore, President, People Magazine, NY
Dr. Kristin Moore, Executive Director, Child Trends, Inc., DC
Mr. Douglas Nelson, Executive Director, Annie E. Casey Foundation, MD
Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias, Past President, American Public Health Association, CA
Ms. Nancy Rubin, former official, Corporation for National Service, DC
The Honorable Warren Rudman, attorney, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, DC
Dr. Isabel Sawhill, Senior Fellow, Urban Institute, DC
Reverend Kenneth Smith, President, Chicago Theological Seminary, IL
The Honorable Louis Sullivan, President, Morehouse School of Medicine, GA
Ms. Kathleen Sylvester, Vice President for Domestic Policy, Progressive Policy Institute, DC
Dr. Jay Winsten, Dir., Cntr for Health Communication, Harvard Schl of Public Health, MA
The Honorable Andrew Young, Co-Chair, Atlanta Commitee for the Olympic Games, GA
12/19/95
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INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVE. N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
Division of Health Promotion
Phone: (202) 334-1736
and Discase Prevention
Fax: (202) 334-2939
December 19, 1995
Memorandum:
To:
Melanne Verveer
From: Sarah Brown 8B
Re:
Teen Pregnancy: Draft letters for the First Lady's review
Attached are drafts of two letters for the First Lady's review. One is to Oprah
Winfrey and one is to Dr. Koop, asking each to consider serving on the leadership board
of the national campaign to reduce teenage pregnancy. I am sure that she and you will
want to make a number of changes and to make each more personal; let me know if I
can help in the revisions.
I am sending these drafts to you by both FAX and messenger. The package
coming by messenger will include two versions of the background paper referred to in
the draft letters - one for Dr. Koop and one for Ms. Winfrey. I will also tuck in a
computer disc with the two letters on it to make the editing process easier.
You may want to work in the fact that, to date, three individuals have agreed to
serve on the leadership group: Katherine Graham, Sen. Nancy Kassebaum, and Charlotte
Beers (CEO of Ogilvy and Mather). Other invitations are in the works, as you know.
You should also know that through Domestic Policy Council staff, the President has also
been asked to consider placing several personal calls to other candidates weighing the
request to join the leadership group.
The willingness of the First Lady and of you to help us approach Oprah Winfrey
and Dr. Koop is exceedingly valuable and we are deeply grateful for this tangible
assistance. Our future prospects depend very directly on the caliber of individuals who
agree to work on this issue, and White House leadership in the recruitment process is
essential.
I'm sure you'll let me know if I can provide any additional background material or
information. Please do fax to me copies of the final versions that go out so that Belle
will know when to place the follow-up calls (FAX: 202-334-2031).
Kindest regards as always, and Merry Christmas to you all.
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003
December 1995
Ms. Oprah Winfrey
Chairman of the Board
Harpo Inc.
110 N. Carpenter Street
Chicago, Il 60607
Dear
:
As you may recall, during his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the
President identified teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation
today," and called for a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. In a series of
private meetings since that address, the President has asserted that any national effort to
reduce adolescent pregnancy must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term, and that
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. With the full support of the President
and me, a group has been hard at work over the last few months to develop more
specific plans for a private sector campaign.
I am writing today to ask that you help to lead this campaign by agreeing to serve
on a national campaign leadership board. In this role, you will be joined by a number of
other prominent Americans drawn from the media, the entertainment industry, the
foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent advocacy,
and local programs addressed to teenage pregnancy. The time required will be limited,
but your visible support and commitment to this issue is essential to the campaign's
success. You are widely known, deeply respected, and highly skilled in talking with
Americans of all persuasions about this and so many other topics.
The purpose of the campaign will be to focus communities, parents, and teenagers
themselves on the serious problem of teen pregnancy and the need to remain pregnancy
free until adulthood. Reducing pregnancy among unmarried teenagers is an essential
step in creating a better life for young people themselves and for the next generation as
well. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal, and communities will vary in their
preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy. Fortunately, there is a large body
of experience and research in this area that can be drawn on to craft specific messages
and strategies.
The President has asked Dr. Isabel Sawhill to develop specific plans for the
national campaign, and we have requested that she follow-up with a call to you shortly.
She will provide more details about campaign plans and will explain more precisely what
we have in mind. I have also attached a recent paper that she and others developed to
provide additional background.
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Ms. Oprah Winfrey
December , 1995
Page Two
I hope very much that you will agree to work on this important campaign
leadership group. The President joins me in sending kindest regards and best holiday
greetings.
Sincerely,
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Attachment
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December 1995
The Hon. C. Everett Koop, M.D.
6707 Democracy Blvd.
Suite 107
Bethesda, MD 20817
Dear
:
As you may recall, during his State of the Union address in January, 1995, the
President identified teenage pregnancy as "the most serious problem facing our nation
today," and called for a national initiative to reduce teen pregnancy. In a series of
private meetings since that address, the President has asserted that any national effort to
reduce adolescent pregnancy must be bipartisan, non-political, and long term, and that
especially in a presidential election year, those ends were best achieved by organizing an
effort in the private rather than the public sector. With the full support of the President
and me, a group has been hard at work over the last few months to develop more
specific plans for a private sector campaign.
I am writing today to ask that you help to lead this campaign by agreeing to serve
on a national campaign leadership board. In this role, you will be joined by a number of
other prominent Americans drawn from the media, the entertainment industry, the
foundation community, academia, medicine, the clergy, child and adolescent advocacy,
and local programs addressed to teenage pregnancy. The time required will be limited,
but your visible support and commitment to this issue is essential to the campaign's
success. You are widely known, deeply respected, and highly skilled in talking with
Americans about a wide variety of health topics, including very sensitive ones such as
HIV/AIDS.
The purpose of the campaign will be to focus communities, parents, and teenagers
themselves on the serious problem of teen pregnancy and the need to remain pregnancy
free until adulthood. Reducing pregnancy among unmarried teenagers is an essential
step in creating a better life for young people themselves and for the next generation as
well. There are multiple pathways to this clear goal, and communities will vary in their
preferred methods of reducing adolescent pregnancy. Fortunately, there is a large body
of experience and research in this area that can be drawn on to craft specific messages
and strategies.
The President has asked Dr. Isabel Sawhill to develop specific plans for the
national campaign, and we have requested that she follow-up with a call to you shortly.
She will provide more details about campaign plans and will explain more precisely what
we have in mind. I have also attached a recent paper that she and others developed to
provide additional background.
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The Hon. C. Everett Koop, M.D.
December , 1995
Page Two
I hope very much that you will agree to work on this important campaign
leadership group. The President joins me in sending kindest regards and best holiday
greetings.
Sincerely,
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Attachment
PPi
an
PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CONTACT: Lisa R. Davis, Jerry Irvine
June 23, 1995
PHONE:
202/547-0001
FOUR DEMOCRATIC SENATORS ENDORSE PPI "SECOND-CHANCE
HOMES" PLAN AS WAY TO REDUCE TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Republican teen pregnancy proposals called "ridiculously short-sighted"
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Four U.S. Senators, led by Senate Democratic
Leader Thomas Daschle, today endorsed the Progressive Policy Institute's "second-
chance homes" plan as an alternative to Republican proposals to reduce teenage
pregnancy.
Senators Daschle (D-S.D.), Joe Lieberman (D-Conn.), Barbara Mikulski (D-
Md.) and Kent Conrad (D-N.D.) -- leaders of the Democratic welfare reform efforts
in the Senate -- backed the plan at a Washington, D.C. forum releasing PPI's new
report, "Second-Chance Homes: Breaking the Cycle of Teen Pregnancy."
Second-chance homes are group residences where teen mothers, whose own
homes are unstable or unsafe, live under adult supervision with their children.
The homes provide a structured environment for young mothers, requiring them to
meet certain obligations while they learn the social, personal and educational
skills necessary to become independent, productive citizens.
Second-chance homes offer an alternative to the punitive and ineffective
solutions proposed by conservatives and the defense of a failed welfare system
offered by liberals, said Kathleen Sylvester, author of the report and PPI's Vice
President for Domestic Policy. They invoke society's values, require responsibility
and reciprocity from welfare recipients, and engage communities in solving the
problem, she said.
In calling for a national campaign against teen pregnancy, Sen. Lieberman,
chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council, PPI's parent organization, noted
that children are too often "born into circumstances where they don't have a fair
chance to make a go of their lives." Second-chance homes, he noted, offer children
stability and structure.
- more -
518 C Street, NE
Washington, DC 20002
202.547.0001
FAX 202.544.5014
INTERNET: [email protected]
TEEN PREGNANCY, Add One
Senator Daschle noted that he introduced legislation patterned after PPI's
original second-chance home proposal in S. 8, the Teen Pregnancy & Parent
Responsibility Act.
Acknowledging the benefits of second-chance homes, Daschle said they
"offer stability and a chance at building a network to become self-sufficient."
"From parenting skills to budgeting to life skills management," he said, "second-
chance homes can offer a young woman the opportunity to get control of her life
and to begin again."
He said the situation presently facing teenagers underscores the need for
Congress to quickly pass second-chance homes legislation. Daschle cited recent
figures that show how critical it is for young girls. Since 1960, the birth rate for
unmarried teens has tripled. In 1992, there were a record number of births to
unmarried women (1.2 million), with almost half to teenagers. By 1988, 52
percent of girls ages 15-19 were sexually active and fully three-quarters of girls
who've had sex before the age of 14 said it was involuntary.
Sen. Mikulski lauded the second-chance homes plan saying "it is specific, it
is immediate, it is realizable, it's achievable, it's practical, it's sustainable, and it's
terrific." Senator Conrad showed his continued support for PPI's work stating
that he would again offer a second-chance homes amendment when welfare reform
comes back on the schedule.
Senator Daschle called the Republican proposals "mean" and "ridiculously
short-sighted."
The second-chance homes report calls for the government to serve as a
catalyst for community action. These homes, with seed money and guidance from
the federal government, would bring together in one setting the three fundamental
elements teen mothers need if they are to have a chance to succeed: socialization,
nurturing and support, and structure and discipline.
Copies of "Second-Chance Homes: Breaking the Cycle of Teen Pregnancy"
are available by contacting the Progressive Policy Institute, 518 C Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20002; telephone, 202/547-0001.
#####
PPi
Executive Summary
June 1995
PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE
Second-Chance Homes
Breaking the Cycle of Teen Pregnancy
Kathleen Sylvester
For many Americans, teenage welfare mothers symbolize the tragedy of our nation's
failed welfare policy and the unraveling of our nation's social fabric. Growing numbers
of poor and uneducated young women, often still children themselves, are using public
support to bear and raise children outside of marriage. These young women are not only
a reminder of government's inability to address a fundamental social problem, but more
importantly, they are producing a new generation of poor and fatherless children who
will begin life with disadvantages from which they may never recover.
The current public debate over teen mothers offers Congress and the nation an
opportunity to break the cycle and move beyond the punitive solutions proposed by
conservatives and the defense of a failed welfare system offered by liberals.
The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) offers an alternative that invokes society's
values, requires responsibility and reciprocity from welfare recipients, and engages
communities in solving the problem.
PPI's proposal would create a national network of "second-chance homes"-group
residences in which teen mothers whose own homes are unstable or unsafe, live under
adult supervision with their children, while meeting their social and personal obligations
for receiving welfare support. These homes, with seed money and guidance from the
federal government, would bring together in one setting the three fundamental elements
teen mothers need if they are to have a chance to succeed: socialization, nurturing and
support, and structure and discipline.
Getting Started: How the Policy Would Work. Second-chance homes offer a unique
opportunity for a partnership among teen mothers, government, and communities:
Under PPI's proposal:
Participants would use portions of their welfare and foster care payments
and federal nutrition and housing subsidies, as program fees to offset the
costs of the homes.
Government would provide seed money, guidance, and evaluation, acting
as a catalyst for community action. The federal government would set
aside $20 million a year for three years to create a national network of
second-chance homes.
518 C Street, NE
Washington, DC 20002
202.547.0001
FAX 202.544.5014
INTERNET [email protected]
Communities, too, must, join the effort. Tens of thousands of "community"
members-from neighborhood clinics, women's groups, Rotary Clubs,
fraternal organizations, senior citizens' groups, and youth groups-would
join government and supply the element now missing in attempts to help
teen mothers and their children: a connection to the communities and their
values.
A Limited Experiment. PPI initially proposes second-chance homes serve teen mothers
under the age of 18 for three reasons. First, teen mothers under age 18 are the most
likely of any welfare recipients to become long-term recipients of welfare. In fact, nearly
half of long-term recipients are women who give birth before the age of 17.
Second, the requirement for many teen mothers to live in such homes sends a
strong message to young females: Society no longer offers unconditional, open-ended
financial support for teens who bear children out of wedlock. Government will help, but
only if they meet mutual obligations: learning to be good parents, finishing school, and
joining the workforce.
Third, mothers under age 18 represent only a small percentage of unwed teen
mothers. In 1993, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported that there
were nearly 296,000 unmarried teen mothers on welfare, 67,000 of whom were under age
18. Not only are these mothers in need of the most help, but their small number
represents a manageable start for communities ready to get involved.
Elements of a Successful Home. Across the country, successful prototypes for second-
chance homes already exist. These homes respond to the reality of teen mothers' lives.
Their designs incorporate all three elements necessary to offer them a chance to succeed:
socialization, nurturing and support, and structure and discipline. They create a sense
of order; help girls grow up to be women; require and support education and job
training; provide health care, mentors, protection from abusive men, and a sense of
family and belonging.
How do we Measure Success? PPI does not propose these homes as a guaranteed
solution to the problem of teen pregnancy, but rather as a promising idea. The
prototypes for these homes scattered across the country have produced some notable
results: fewer second pregnancies, dramatically increased school completion rates for
mothers, reduced incidence of child abuse, better maternal and child health, increased
placement for adoption, higher employment rates, and reduced welfare dependency.
The idea is worth trying. If we cannot find a way to help teen mothers, their
children will pay the price. The problem is urgent. There are now nine million children
living in welfare families. As those nine million children reach adolescence, many are
"scripted" to repeat the lives of their parents. We must intervene and break the cycle
before those children, too, become a new generation of disadvantage.
Kathleen Sylvester is the vice president of domestic policy for the
Progressive Policy Institute.
To receive a copy of the full report, please send á check or money order in the amount of $3.50 to:
Progressive Policy Institute, 518 C Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002, Attn: Publications Department.
For more information please call (202) 547-0001.
PPi
Policy Briefing
June 23, 1995
PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE
Second-Chance Homes
Breaking the Cycle of Teen Pregnancy
Kathleen Sylvester
For many Americans, teenage welfare mothers symbolize the tragedy of our nation's
failed welfare policy and the unraveling of our nation's social fabric.
Growing numbers of poor and uneducated young women-often still children
themselves-are using public support to bear and raise children outside of marriage.
These young women are a constant reminder of government's inability to address a
fundamental social problem. More importantly, they are producing a new generation of
poor and fatherless children who will begin life with disadvantages from which they
may never recover.
More than one million teenagers become pregnant every year; half will give birth
and most will not marry. Their children are likely to grow up poor, poorly nurtured,
and-because they are raised in virtual isolation from the rest of society-unsocialized.
These children are at high risk of dropping out of school, getting into trouble with the
law, abusing drugs, joining gangs, having children of their own out of wedlock, and
becoming dependent on welfare.
These young people will pay a high price for our nation's inability to help their
mothers: And society, too, will pay a high price. The problem is urgent. There are now
nine million children living in welfare families. As those nine million children reach
adolescence, many are "scripted" to repeat the lives of their parents. We must intervene
and break the cycle before those children, too, become parents too soon and create a new
generation of disadvantage.
The current public debate over teen mothers offers Congress and the nation an
opportunity to try to break the cycle with the help of communities. The debate offers an
opportunity to move beyond the punitive solutions offered by conservatives and the
defense of a failed welfare system offered by liberals. The debate offers an opportunity
to seek an alternative that can help teen mothers change their lives and-more
importantly-the lives of their children.
Conservative solutions, including such punitive steps as cutting off welfare to
mothers under age 18, are based on false premises: that teen mothers are entirely in
control of the circumstances that lead them to early childbearing, that their reasons for
childbearing are in large part financial, and that sanctions alone are enough to influence
their decisions.
Conservatives would needlessly risk the well-being of children. Ignoring the
inadequacy of the foster care system, they would break up families with no alternative
safety net in place. Ignoring the reality that the welfare system was designed to help
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families whose fathers are absent, they would reform it by absenting mothers as well,
substituting institutions such as orphanages for real parents.
Liberals now find themselves in the untenable position of defending a failed
welfare system. They are defending a system that makes no moral judgment about life
choices that are detrimental to children-a system that relies more on sex education and
condoms than on community values to deter teen pregnancy. They are defending a
system that by its offer of unconditional support for welfare recipients insulates those
mothers-and the fathers of their children-from taking responsibility for their own
actions. It insulates these parents from accountability to their families and communities
as well.
The answer is not to cut off the welfare checks of teen mothers. Nor, for many
young women, is the answer to continue their welfare support and send them back to
the homes where they grew up. Instead, communities must "take in" these young
mothers and their children.
The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) offers a third alternative: an approach that
invokes society's values, requires responsibility and reciprocity from welfare recipients,
and engages communities in solving the problem.
To do that, our nation must revive an old institution-the maternity home-in a
new form. With seed money and guidance from the federal government, communities
could create a national network of "second-chance homes," a new version of the homes
that once provided community support for unmarried mothers.
These second-chance homes would be group residences in which young teen
mothers would live-under adult supervision-with their children, while meeting their
social and personal obligations for receiving welfare support. These homes would offer
a rare institutional opportunity for bringing together in one setting the three
fundamental elements teen mothers need if they are to have a chance to succeed:
nurturing and support, structure and discipline, and socialization.
Second-chance homes would offer teen mothers a positive family environment
that gives them real opportunities to become good parents, finish school, and join the
workforce. By providing nurturing and support, second-chance homes would allow teen
mothers to establish emotional and familial bonds and find role models apart from their
own troubled families. In these homes, help and support would go hand in hand with
obligation and responsibility. Unless society finds a way to offer them an environment
that provides the socialization that many of these young women lacked in their first
homes, they are unlikely to succeed in meeting the obligations society now places on
them.
Finally, such homes would help ensure that the welfare system meets one of its
most important responsibilities: removing vulnerable children from dangerous
environments. Many teen mothers were themselves left too long in dysfunctional homes.
They were abused and neglected; many were shuffled from foster home to foster home.
Most have grown up poor and poorly nurtured.
The sad legacy of such childhoods is that many of these young mothers have
great difficulty developing parenting skills; some are emotionally incapable of bonding
with their own children. Others are so damaged by abuse and neglect that they are
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dangerous to their children because they repeat these patterns. And a small percentage
of these mothers are so damaged that they will never be able to learn to put the needs
of their children ahead of their own needs.
On any given day in this country, nearly a half million children are in foster care
or other temporary care because their biological parents are unable to care for them
properly. Federal law specifies that foster care should last no longer than 18 months,
with a decision about parental competence to be made within that period so that a child
is available for adoption. The reality, however, is that courts postpone final decisions
about parents' rights and leave children to languish in temporary care. In Illinois, for
example, the median time spent in first foster care placement is approximately 13 months
for white children, 18 months for Latino children, and 51 months for African-American
children.
Too many children spend years of their young lives waiting. These children wait
for a mother who needs to kick a drug habit, or to outgrow an attachment to an abusive
boyfriend-or simply to grow up.
For some of these children, the only solution is to terminate parental rights and
place them in new-and permanent-homes. This means adoptive parents, not foster
care. An unfortunate but necessary goal of second-chance homes would be to make
assessments about the capabilities of these young women to be good parents. Second-
chance homes must offer young mothers every opportunity to become good mothers.
Most will achieve this goal; those who cannot must not be allowed to damage the lives
of another generation of children.
Declaring a parent "unsafe" for a child and terminating parental rights is a serious
and irrevocable step. The existence of these homes would make it possible to gather
enough information to make such a grave decision a well-informed and wise one.
Getting Started: How the Policy Would Work
The federal government should set aside $20 million a year for three years as seed
money to create a national network of second-chance homes. These homes should be
designed by community-based organizations for teen mothers under age 18 who need
stable and supportive environments. Under strict adult supervision and with an array
of social services available, teen mothers will stay in school or job training, learn
parenting skills, and move toward self-sufficiency.
Communities can qualify for funds by pledging financial and in-kind support for
the homes. Participants should be allowed to use portions of their welfare or foster care
payments, as well as federal nutrition and housing subsidies as program fees.
These homes should be carefully evaluated to determine their effects on teen
mothers, the children of teen mothers, and younger teens who are not yet pregnant but
at risk of becoming pregnant.
This new national network of second-chance homes would be created with three
implementing devices:
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1) Leveraging the federal social welfare system. A large portion of continuing support
could be funded by fees paid from participants' welfare or foster care support. Current
law should be amended to give states the option of allowing designated second-chance
homes to cash out participants' food stamp coupons in order to create a flexible fund
that home administrators can use for food budgets. Housing subsidies, too, could be
cashed out and used by residents as part of the program fee they pay to a second-chance
home. The maximum median benefit per month for a family of two in 1994, for example,
was $294. Monthly food stamp benefits, child care subsidies, and housing subsidies can
bring the total typical monthly benefits for a family of two to more than $900.
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act, Title IV-E, should be protected
from being capped in a federal block grant. The foster care funding it now provides for
some teen mothers or their children could be redirected to second-chance homes, or
states could allocate some of the program's administrative funds to second-chance
homes. Title IV-B child welfare funding could also be made available for these purposes.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) could make property
available for second-chance homes as it now does for 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations.
Under HUD's "Dollar-a-Year" program, providers of services to homeless persons can
lease federally owned property for one dollar a year, with an option to purchase it. In
addition, nonprofits can buy some property from HUD at a 10 percent-30 percent
discount. Other federally owned property, such as closed military installations and
properties held by the Resolution Trust Corporation, might be made available for these
purposes as well.
Residents could also use Section 8 vouchers and certificates, available under the
National Housing Act, or cash out conventional low-income public housing subsidies to
pay for their share of a program fee in a second-chance home.
2) Using limited federal funds for seed money and evaluation. In creating a national
network of these homes, the federal role could be limited to offering seed money and
guidance about how existing models are structured and evaluating the effectiveness of
the programs.
Federal dollars for start-up costs could be designated from the Title XX Social
Services Block Grant or from Senator Nancy Kassebaum's proposed Youth Development
Block Grant, which is designed to support prevention programs and programs that serve
as catalysts for community support for families and children. Federal start-up funds,
however, would go only to communities that pledge matching funds and in-kind
contributions.
Most federal assistance for welfare now focuses on amelioration, with too little
spending and emphasis on prevention. States or communities that promote second-
chance homes and produce measurable results-such as reduced demand for foster care,
reduced numbers of second pregnancies, and shorter spells of welfare
dependence-should be allowed to retain a portion of the savings from reductions in
projected welfare caseloads.
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Thus, federal funds could provide seed money for more homes. As capacity in the
system builds, teen mothers might use their welfare support as "vouchers" to choose
homes that meet their needs.
3) Catalyzing community support: "Stone Soup." The model for these second-chance
homes comes from a children's story-the story of stone soup. When a traveler came
into a very poor village whose residents had little food, he went to the square in the
center of the village and began to stir up a pot of stone soup. His pot contained only
water and a large stone. As people gathered in curiosity, he suggested that with a little
bit of salt, the soup might be better. A bystander offered some salt. Next, the traveler
suggested a snip of parsley, and again, a villager came forward. After that, the traveler
asked for potatoes, and then beans, and then carrots. Within a short time, he had
convinced all of the poor villagers to share, and they had pooled their meager resources
to create a fine meal.
Government's role is to provide the stone for the soup: to be a catalyst for
gathering communities together to solve a problem that begins in those communities and
affects those communities.
The goal is achievable. There are more than 250,000 organized religious
congregations in this nation. There are 83,000 local governments. There are tens of
thousands of colleges, YMCAs, and neighborhood clinics; women's groups such as the
Junior League and Big Sisters; Rotary Clubs and fraternal organizations; senior citizens'
groups and youth groups. The members of this "community" must join government and
supply the element now missing in attempts to help teen mothers and their children:
connection to community and community standards.
While the costs for many of the programs cited in this paper run as high as
$50,000 a year for mother and child, many of the most effective programs cost far less
because they are supported by their communities. Albuquerque's Teen Parent Residence
(TPR), which costs just $67,500 for services to 14 teen mothers for one year, operates in
a cluster of HUD-subsidized low-income apartment units. The mothers pay below-
market rent for the apartments they share and the state picks up the cost of an
apartment for the resident "house mother," a night-duty nurse, and professional
counseling services. Everything else comes from the community.
Families from local church congregations invite the young mothers and children
home for Sunday dinner. A local family clinic provides "development assessments" of
the babies so their mothers can learn what to do to help them progress. The U.S.
Department of Agriculture's Cooperative Extension Service offers nutrition classes and
child development counseling; the Rotary Club paid the salary of a consulting
psychologist for a year; the local university's dental school offers free dental services. A
local Presbyterian church puts on an annual Mother's Day picnic; the Civitan youth
group offers babysitting services; another youth group collects cans and bottles for
recycling and donates the proceeds to the TPR program. Stores such as Kmart and Wal-
Mart offer huge discounts on their products, and often throw in extra groceries and
diapers. The manager of the local Cort Furniture store gave the residents a discount on
furniture, then loaned them one of his own trucks and a driver to pick up other
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furniture that had been donated to furnish their apartments. And the Albuquerque
Hispano Chamber of Commerce not only donates money to the program, it hires its
graduates.
Barbara Otto, New Mexico's director of Teen Family Services, says that these
donations and contributions are rarely one-time benevolent gestures. TPR has become
a part of the community; supporters and volunteers continually renew their support.
At Catholic Charities' Casa Maria in San Diego, five obstetrician/gynecologists
volunteer their time to serve the health care needs of the home; two social work masters'
students counsel the residents; foster grandparents come in every morning to help the
mothers and children begin their day; and volunteers help with group meetings and
nightly educational classes.
The Bridgeway program is a private, nonprofit organization in Denver. Director
Rich Haas keeps it going by cobbling together donations from individuals and
businesses and small foundations to create an annual $235,000 budget for three
residences, operated for $600 a month per mother and child. Programs and classes at
Bridgeway are run by experts who donate their skills and volunteers who donate their
time and goodwill. Despite its small budget, Bridgeway reports impressive statistics on
adoption rates, high school graduation rates, and reduced second pregnancies.
Second-chance homes will begin to remedy one of the unintended consequences
of the New Deal. When government became the primary safety net for fatherless
families, the importance of community values and community institutions was
diminished and the notion of reciprocal responsibility disappeared.
The parallel development has been equally destructive. When government
assumed primary responsibility for women and children in the welfare system,
communities were relieved of responsibility to care for their own citizens. Indeed, many
communities no longer consider welfare recipients to be citizens. They live in a separate
society; they are defined by their deficits rather than their capacities. For too long now,
government has been a wedge between communities and individuals, providing each
excuses to ignore their obligations to the other.
A Limited Experiment
Initially, these homes should be designed to serve teen mothers under age 18. The
current debate has frequently focused specifically on policies for welfare mothers under
age 18. Conservatives have used this focus to fuel public outrage at a welfare system
that appears to condone irresponsible decisions by very young girls. It is nevertheless
appropriate to focus on these young women. Teen mothers under age 18 are the most
likely of all welfare recipients to become long-term recipients. Nearly half of long-term
welfare recipients are women who gave birth before age 17.
PPI suggests another reason to focus on these mothers in particular. The existence
of these homes and the requirement for many teen mothers to live in them would send
a very strong message to younger teens-those not yet pregnant. The message would
be simple: Society no longer offers unconditional, open-ended financial support for
young women who bear children out of wedlock. Government will help unmarried
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mothers, but only if they meet mutual obligations: learning to be good parents, finishing
school, and joining the workforce.
There is a pragmatic reason as well to focus on mothers under age 18. In 1993, the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) reported that there were just
under 296,000 unmarried teen mothers on welfare. The large majority, however, were
18- and 19-year-olds; there were just over 67,000 welfare mothers under age 18. We
should begin our efforts to help this group of young mothers because they need the
most help, because their number is small, and the "community" with the potential to take
them in is large.
PPI does not propose these homes as a guaranteed solution to the problem of teen
pregnancy, but rather as a promising idea. The prototypes for these homes scattered
across the country have produced some notable results: fewer second pregnancies,
dramatically increased school completion rates for mothers, reduced incidence of child
abuse, better maternal and child health, higher employment rates, and reduced welfare
dependency.
These results, however, are self-reported, anecdotal, and short-term. None has
been tracked carefully enough to determine whether these results are valid in the long-
term. And none has been evaluated sufficiently to demonstrate their effects on the
children of teen mothers.
Reviving an Old Idea
Maternity homes are by no means a new concept. As early as the 19th century, white,
middle-class, evangelically oriented Protestant women with experience as missionaries
or teachers volunteered in these privately owned homes. African-American women
founded maternity homes in their own communities as well, including New York City's
Katy Ferguson Home, Boston's Harriet Tubman House, and Chicago's Phyllis Wheatley
House. National organizations such as the Florence Crittenton Mission and the Salvation
Army provided shelter and aid to young women in trouble. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln
signed a charter establishing St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home, a home for orphans
and "unprotected females during their confinement in childbirth," on Pennsylvania
Avenue just a few blocks from the White House.
Initially, most homes were loosely defined as "rescue homes," providing shelter
for prostitutes, alcoholics, and drug addicts as well as unmarried mothers. In order to
gain credibility for their efforts, these rescue-home workers developed relationships with
the judicial system; women were often sentenced to stay at Florence Crittenton or
Salvation Army homes as an alternative to jail or reform school. Life in the homes was
strictly supervised. In most cases, a mother could not receive visitors other than female
relatives, she could not leave the grounds unchaperoned, and both her incoming and
outgoing mail was censored.
Between 1910 and 1920, however, maternity care replaced redemption of
prostitutes as the primary function of rescue homes, largely because prostitutes proved
difficult to recruit and often left after a short period of time. Young pregnant women
were more likely to actually need the rescue homes, and the homes shifted their focus
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entirely to unmarried mothers. Most homes restricted their residents to mothers under
age 25 with one child, and they remained largely racially segregated.
While a few maternity homes achieved a degree of racial and socioeconomic
diversity, most homes served young women whose families were unable or unwilling
to support them. Rehabilitation and redemption were the primary goals, while refuge
from potentially abusive families was a secondary function. The homes sought to
transform young, helpless women into productive members of society and to give them
and their children a future.
Until the mid-1910s, maternity homes focused on marriage as a main goal. At
first, homes encouraged young mothers to marry the fathers of their children, but by the
early 20th century, most homes abandoned that practice. Still, the early maternity homes
recognized the positive influence of motherhood on otherwise "wayward" women, and
the commitment to keep mothers and children together became a sacred maternity-home
policy. Both Crittenton and Salvation Army homes required residents to sign contracts
in which they promised to keep their babies.
Abandoning marriage as a primary goal forced maternity homes to take on the
task of employment training. Domestic work was the occupation with the most appeal,
since it served young mothers' practical needs. The households in which the women
worked assumed many of the supervisory functions of the maternity home, providing
stable income and allowing them to keep their children with them.
By the late 1910s, old-fashioned benevolence gave way to the increasingly
professional field of social work. In an effort to prove their legitimacy as scientific social
experts, social workers attempted to abolish traditional charitable endeavors. Not
surprisingly, maternity homes, with their focus on domesticity, proved too
stereotypically feminine to survive the attacks of prominent social work leaders.
As social workers took on illegitimacy as their domain, the assumptions behind
the problem of unwed motherhood changed dramatically. Instead of perceiving the
problem as one of personal defects, the new school of thought attributed poverty and
unwed motherhood to social inequities.
The social insurance movement of the New Deal officially transferred welfare
functions from the private to the public sector. Not surprisingly, the clash between
private charities and mothers' pension advocates was intense. The new ideology stressed
the superiority of the home to the institution. The New Deal mothers' pensions were
intended to support mainly widows and orphans but quickly extended to benefit the
small population of unwed mothers as well. Ironically, both maternity home advocates
and mothers' pensions advocates sought the same goal: to keep mothers and children
together. The former exerted their efforts on personal defects, while the latter
concentrated on equalizing economic and social differences.
During the 1940s, the majority of unwed mothers relinquished their children for
adoption, and child welfare services began focusing on prenatal services only. Again, the
pendulum swung, and by the 1970s the majority of pregnant teenagers were giving birth
and keeping their children. But because most maternity homes had been phased out,
young women no longer had such refuges available.
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A handful of these homes, however, exist today. Lincoln's St. Ann's has never
closed its doors. Now located just outside Washington's city limits, it serves pregnant
teens and new mothers from abused and neglected backgrounds. It also has a nursery
full of boarder babies-tiny victims of the city's drug wars.
While the circumstances and needs of these young women are vastly different
from those of the home's first residents, they still meet Lincoln's definition. They are
"unprotected females," still in need of society's support if they are to make decent lives
for themselves and their children. The time has come for society to revive the old
maternity homes in a new form.
Who are Teen Mothers?
Policy should not be based on stereotypes and myths about teen mothers. Policy should
be based on what is true about teen mothers:
They are poor. Many come from families strained by poverty and
dysfunction. The Alan Guttmacher Institute reports that 83 percent of
teenagers who give birth come from economically disadvantaged
households, though only 38 percent of all teenage women are from such
families. As researcher Joy Dryfoos has noted, teenage pregnancy is just
one "marker" of disadvantage.
They are hindered by lack of socialization. Teen mothers are not the
promiscuous and "worldly" young women of the stereotypes. They do not
live in any "world" beyond the reality of their own neighborhoods. They
are products of the streets where they grew up; they learn how to treat
their own children from the parents who raised them; and they model their
social behavior after peers who come from the same neighborhoods. These
young women have little chance of emulating any other kind of life. They
have few models for any other life.
They do badly in school. For teen mothers, schools are rarely places where
they have found any measure of success; most are poor students. Data
from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth demonstrate that 36
percent of students who score in the lowest fifth in basic academic skills
become teen parents, compared with less than 5 percent of students in the
highest fifth. Contrary to popular belief, most teen mothers do not drop
out after becoming pregnant; most leave school before they are pregnant.
For many of these young women, a welfare check seems a more realistic
goal for obtaining an income than getting a high school degree.
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They suffer from poor health; so do their children. Young, poor, unmarried,
uneducated, and uninsured mothers are much less likely than older, more
stable mothers to obtain prenatal care. Only three in five teen mothers
received early prenatal care in 1992; one in 10 received late or no prenatal
care. The result is poor health for the adolescent mothers, whose own
nutritional needs compete with the needs of their unborn children. They
are more likely to deliver low-birthweight babies. Each low-birthweight
baby averages $20,000 in hospital costs; total lifetime medical costs for such
children can average $400,000. As they grow, low-birthweight babies often
suffer developmental problems that severely limit their school
achievement.
They have been badly nurtured. Many come from homes where they are
subjected to neglect or physical violence. In a nation in which there were
more than one million cases of child abuse or neglect confirmed in 1993,
many of those victims are young women who are teen mothers. Some are
destined to visit these same tragedies on their own children. Mothers
under age 20 were vastly overrepresented among families reported for
both abuse and neglect. In one survey, 30 percent of mothers who
neglected their children were under the age of 20-three times their
proportion of the population.
The majority are victims of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse and rape play a
significant-and largely ignored-role in teenage pregnancy. Studies show
that as many as two-thirds of teen mothers were victims of rape or sexual
abuse at an early age. These crimes are frequently committed by relatives
or other adult males living in the same household with the teen mother.
Many teen mothers, in fact, report that they became pregnant to stop
sexual abuse.
They suffer from mental and emotional problems. Their histories of abuse
damage the lives of young women in powerful and lasting ways. When
abuse goes unreported, these young women can manifest the long-term
effects of untreated abuse throughout their lives. Clinical evidence shows
that they are prone to psychiatric illnesses including spells of depression,
suicidal tendencies, drug addiction, and alcoholism. In addition,
researchers Debra Boyer and David Fine note that sexual abuse often
delays cognitive, social, emotional, and psychological development. Thus
mothers who have been abused not only have difficulty adapting to the
difficulties of their own lives; they may be impaired in their ability to
nurture their children.
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They are easy prey for older men. Young women who have been victims of
early sexual abuse often develop emotional patterns that make them
especially vulnerable to the attentions of older men. Most men who father
children by teen mothers are not adolescents themselves. The National
Center for Health Statistics reports that almost 70 percent of children born
to teens are fathered by men aged 20 and older. And while the average age
gap between teen mothers and the fathers of their babies is four years, the
very youngest girls-who are 11 or 12-are often victims of men in their
30s and 40s.
Elements of a Successful Home: A Social Contract
Successful prototypes for group homes respond to the reality of teen mothers' lives, and
their design incorporates all three elements necessary to offer them a chance to succeed:
socialization, nurturing and support, structure and discipline. And they begin with the
basics.
Creating a sense of order. New residents are quickly introduced to rules and regulations.
At the Teen Parent Residence program, the teens must sign an agreement to follow
house rules: to perform the household chores assigned to them in a timely manner, to
be responsible for their own actions, to be contributing members of the TPR community,
and to set and meet their individual goals with the help of the staff. If they break the
rules, the consequences are clear and swift-they lose their privileges. Repeat offenders
are evicted. Most homes have strict curfews and limited visitation policies; many have
zero-tolerance drug policies.
The idea that help and support are conditional on behavior is crucial to the
success of these programs. At the Casa Maria program in San Diego, CA, young mothers
are required to set goals for themselves and expected to live up to them. When a young
mother succeeds by following the rules and attains her goals, she becomes a senior
resident and assumes responsibilities normally assigned to a house mother. In addition,
she is rewarded financially with a reduction in her room and board payment.
Many programs have developed incentive strategies to acknowledge and reward
good work. The Father Pat Jackson House in Ann Arbor, MI, charts incremental steps
on the self-esteem ladder with concrete incentives. Teen mothers come into the program
as probationary "opals." As they adjust to the structure and routine of the home and
succeed in their daily tasks, they graduate to the ultimate status of "diamonds" and earn
telephone and weekend pass privileges. Privileges are promptly taken away if they
transgress.
One important component of self-worth and confidence-building, often overlooked
in institutional settings, is the need to celebrate and validate developmental experiences
and successes. At the Teen Mothers Program in Washington, DC, teen mothers who
graduate from high school are given a special party to mark their success.
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Helping teen mothers grow up. Most developmental psychologists agree that growing
up takes place in stages and that it involves learning and taking responsibility in ever
larger and more complicated doses. Young adolescents, girls up to the age of 14, develop
self-esteem by learning and mastering the basic social and cognitive skills required to
function at home, in school, and in society at large. They are socialized by learning to
play and negotiate with siblings at home and peers at school. They become responsible
by doing chores at home and homework for school. And they learn because they can go
to school and they have attentive and interested parents who expect them to do well.
These daily experiences and accomplishments, along with the acknowledgement
and celebration of successes, help young women shape their self-image and their
understanding of who they are and what they can accomplish. Without a sense of self-
worth, they lack the inner resources necessary to complete the next stage of development
which is to mature, become independent, and prepare for the world of work.
As Toby Herr and Robert Halpern point out in their descriptions of Chicago's
Project Match welfare reform program, a child takes steps toward independence, builds
self-esteem, and learns responsibility by catching a bus to get to school on time, taking
care of pets, getting a library card, setting the table each night, and contributing to a
savings account.
Unfortunately, many teen mothers come from unstable homes where there are few
such obligations and little discipline. Struggling with the responsibility of parenting
without having mastered lesser responsibilities can be an insurmountable task. To help
young parents grow up, second-chance homes offer them opportunities they did not
have at home for building new coping mechanisms and learning and mastering daily life
skills such as cooking, cleaning, budgeting, and eventually job preparation.
Houston's Teen-Age Mothers and Infants (T.A.M.I.) House has developed a point
system to give residents an opportunity to build a storehouse of small accomplishments
while learning to work cooperatively with other young mothers. Five points are awarded
for completing small tasks such as washing dishes or sweeping and mopping the kitchen
floor. With 115 points, a resident earns a weekend pass.
In the Teen Mothers Program, young teens learn how to groom themselves, make
their beds, and clean their rooms. Older teens take more responsibility for menu
planning, shopping, and cooking. When they are ready to leave the home and look for
a job, they learn how to use public transportation, and how to dress and conduct
themselves for a job interview.
Helping teens learn to be good mothers. Young mothers whose own mothers were
inadequate or absent need help learning how to nurture and discipline their children.
Most teen parent residences offer classes in child development, scheduling, and nutrition.
In a communal environment, young mothers also learn from each other and from the
adults who come into the home on a regular basis. A graduate of Teen Mothers Program
says it was a "foster grandmother" who visited her young daughter every day for several
years, read stories to her, and taught her ABCs and other childhood basics. When the
little girl went to school, she was well-prepared and she thrived.
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Frances Santiago, the house mother of the Teen Parent Residence program, is
always there for a basic question about mothering: Is it time for my baby to switch from
a bottle to a cup? When will she learn to roll over? What should I do about biting? And
she is there as well to celebrate with the young mothers as their children meet
milestones: a first tooth or a first step. Santiago, who calls the babies her grandchildren,
is a living example of how to show children affection and love while being firm.
At St. Ann's, lessons about child care are as basic as teaching young mothers
never to leave their babies unattended. Each morning, mothers go through the ritual of
feeding, bathing, and dressing their babies before their own classes begin. Throughout
the day, staff members provide ongoing coaching, prompting, and supervision. In
addition, the young mothers are required to participate in workshops and talks on
parenting and child development issues. St. Ann's also schedules a family night each
week during which mothers and children go on a group outing.
At the Northwest Maternity Center in Washington, DC, the majority of residents
were themselves victims of abuse. When they enter the program, they are taught to curb
their aggressive behavior and to treat the other residents with respect. They are not
allowed to hit or scream. In child development classes, they learn why babies cry and
what to do for them. And they are taught to put their babies back in their cribs when
they are too angry to hold them carefully. It generally takes six months for the young
mothers to learn to treat their babies gently and to demand that others treat them that
way too.
Requiring and supporting continued education and job training. Nearly all programs
require mothers to be in school or in job training. Some of the larger programs have
schools at their own facilities or offer General Equivalency Degrees (GED) on site. Many
teen mothers choose GED programs or alternative schools to better accommodate their
children's schedules.
Most teen mothers in these programs complete high school, and a significant
number go on to vocational school or college. The mothers report that the added
responsibility of a child gives them an incentive to succeed. These programs recognize,
however, that teen mothers often need help catching up in school. Most insist on
scheduled study time and offer tutoring or remedial classes. Many offer links to the
world of work as well, helping mothers find vocational programs in fields such as
nursing or welding-fields in which they can make enough money to support their
children and get health benefits.
At Homes for the Homeless in New York City, the program takes advantage of
its large size by offering "in-house" apprenticeships. Residents have part-time jobs in the
program's day care center or its housing office or administrative offices. They gain
marketable job skills while mastering basics such as learning to dress appropriately,
showing up on time, and dealing with co-workers.
Offering health care and mental health services. The majority of young mothers are
eligible for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Medicaid. Teen parent residences
make sure they get these services. Some of the larger homes are Medicaid providers and
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have health care professionals on staff; smaller ones bring in health care professionals
as needed.
Perhaps even more than physical health care, many adolescent mothers need
mental health care for depression or other psychological problems. At the Florence
Crittenton Services, licensed psychologists and psychiatrists provide ongoing clinical
supervision and case consultation. Health care is available through various providers in
the community. "Rap groups" led by social workers give parenting teens an opportunity
to discuss their problems with their peers in a group setting.
Offering opportunities to find mentors. Time after time, studies show that disadvantaged
children who are "resilient" and overcome their disadvantages have benefitted by the
presence of a strong, caring adult in their lives. Because so many teenage mothers have
lacked such a presence in their early years, second-chance homes offer opportunities to
introduce them to alternative mentors.
Each teen at Bridgeway is connected to a big sister "Bridger" who acts as a friend,
confidante, and role model during the program and in follow-up years. Moreover,
Bridgeway offers a curriculum of 104 courses all taught by volunteer "educators." The
Father Pat Jackson House Program takes advantage of its proximity to the University of
Michigan by recruiting college students to provide transportation and act as role models.
"Foster Grandparents" are a loving and caring presence at St. Ann's. Some of the
grandmothers have been coming for years to help with the babies and to nurture the
new mothers. "Mentor Mothers" is a volunteer program developed by the Maternity
Center in Washington, DC. While some mentor mothers are available only for occasional
transportation and tutoring help, others have bonded with their charges and provided
surrogate mothering for many years.
Offering protection from abusive and predatory men. For many teen mothers, protection
from controlling and abusive boyfriends is essential to success. These homes offer
physical protection and refuge from abusers; most have strict rules about male visitation.
Strict schedules and rules give young women an "out," a way to avoid contact with men
they don't want in their lives. They have an excuse to say no when they are most
vulnerable.
For those young women who want to establish stable relationships with their
babies' fathers, second-chance homes offer both a neutral place to negotiate; some offer
couples' counseling and parenting classes for fathers as well. And in the long-term,
perhaps the most important defense that these homes can offer to vulnerable young
women is the confidence and self-esteem that comes from positive achievements: raising
healthy and stable children and gaining the skills to become self-sufficient.
Providing a sense of family. The proposed name for this network of new
institutions-second-chance homes-has two elements. "Chance" implies opportunity.
"Second" implies a new home that substitutes for an original home. But for many of
these young women, second-chance homes are their first homes. These are the first
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opportunity these young women have had to form bonds of trust and caring. Staff and
volunteers and other residents are their families.
One of the best examples comes from a group home in Alamogordo, NM, that is
shared by elderly low-income women and teen mothers. After an initial period of
intergenerational friction, the residents settled into a comfortable arrangement. The
elderly women assumed the roles of grandmothers: cuddling babies, reading stories to
toddlers, and dispensing their wisdom on child care to the new mothers.
When one of the elderly women, Julia, became ill with cancer and was unable to
care for herself, the teen mothers took over her care so that she wouldn't have to leave
their home. They arranged class and work schedules to make sure that one of them was
always there to watch over her. After a brief stay in the hospital, the doctors released
Julia to go home to die with her family. Instead of going home to her blood relatives,
she choose to spend her last days with her grandchildren at the Alamogordo home.
Long after they graduate, teen mothers maintain their connections to the people
who have cared for them. They send pictures of their children and call to report on
successes-good report cards or new jobs or new apartments. They show up at holiday
time to be with their families.
The Long-Term Approach: Creating a Climate for Change
What would it take to make these programs work better? Program directors say they
need to have some real leverage over the teen mothers. The programs that work best are
those that function under true social contracts: Residents know that they must abide by
certain standards of behavior and contribute to their own success. House mothers or
other program officials must have the ability to discipline these young women and evict
them for persistent failure to follow rules and procedures.
Next, enough money to expand the programs to offer a continuum of care. Most
observers agree that an ideal program would provide a three-tiered approach. The first
tier would require strict 24-hour supervision and an equally demanding hour-by-hour
daily structure for teens between the ages of 13 and 15. During this phase, they might
live in traditional homes in which they would live and eat communally.
Older teens-including those up to age 18 and perhaps even older-would still
be supervised but allowed more independence commensurate with their willingness to
be responsible and fulfill their obligations. This phase of the program would be a
transitional one. Young mothers would learn to be responsible for managing their
children and their jobs and their budgets and households with minimal supervision and
support and some help with day care. During this phase, they might live in separate
apartments that are clustered in the same building or in a dormitory-style facility that
has kitchens.
When they move on to fully independent living, many of these young women still
need access to follow-up services-a support group to belong to or a monthly visit from
a mentor.
Building such a system will be a long process. But with the support of
communities, it is an achievable goal.
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How Do We Measure Success?
Even with all of these supports and services, homes for teen mothers have only limited
success in turning around the lives of teen mothers. Many of the mothers drop out or
are expelled from programs because they are unable to cope with the rigid rules and
requirements. Others cannot conquer drug abuse or mental health problems. Some are
"reclaimed" by families eager to cash in on their welfare checks. And many of these
young women cannot resist the power of old boyfriends who make new promises.
Many successes that may be measurable in the long-term-such as higher lifetime
earnings or shorter lifetime spells on welfare-have not been measured. But the
prototypes for second-chance homes around the country have produced measurable
achievements, unverified but promising.
School completion. It is clear that mothers with higher levels of education and training
are more successful at supporting their children. Accordingly, second-chance homes
make education a priority:
At the Florence Crittenton Homes and Services, they recently reported a
high school completion rate of 92 percent for teen mothers in the program.
At Amity Street in Lynn, MA, 50 percent of the residents have completed
a job training program or have reached an educational goal (GED, college,
high school diploma). Of those enrolled in high school, 90 percent
graduate.
At St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home, mothers must be in school and
can elect to attend the fully accredited high school located on campus, or
go to other local schools. Fully 96 percent of its residents graduate from
high school or obtain a GED.
At the Teen Parent Residence, 117 teen mothers completed educational
plans and vocational planning, 74 attended Job Corps, 14 completed
requirements for a high school diploma, 19 completed their GEDs, and 20
completed postsecondary training at Job Corps or a private vocational
education school.
At Bridgeway, half of the program's graduates not only complete high
school, but go on to college or other postsecondary education.
Independent living. In the long run, the main goal of a second-chance home is to help
teenage mothers make the transition to independence. There are several ways of
evaluating this aim:
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At St. Elizabeth's in New Albany, IN, 77 percent of participants are now
off the welfare rolls.
At Amity Street, 85 percent of the mothers made the successful transition
to independent living and were able to set up their own households.
At the Northwest Maternity Home, 65 percent of graduates have been
placed in permanent jobs.
Reducing second pregnancies. The national average for repeat pregnancies by teenagers
is 11 percent-26 percent within one year, and 50 percent in two years:
At Bridgeway, only 8 percent of the teens become pregnant again in the
two years following completion of the program.
At Seton Home, only 10 percent of the teen mothers who go through the
program get pregnant a second time within one year.
At the Teen Parent Residence, only six of 117 participants became pregnant
with another child while in the program.
At St. Elizabeth's, only 4 percent of program participants had a second
child within a two year follow-up period.
Increased placement for adoption. The national average for adoption placement by teen
mothers is less than 3 percent:
At Bridgeway, almost 20 percent of teen mothers choose adoption.
At the Teen Parent Residence, 11 of 117 placed children for adoption.
At St. Elizabeth's, 51 of 188 births resulted in adoption.
Healthier babies. Overall, the teenage mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care
and their babies are more likely to be born at a low birthweight and suffer from poor
nutrition:
At Seton Home, early prenatal care has raised the birthweight of its
residents' babies to nearly eight pounds.
-17-
At Bridgeway, a rigorous program that offers prenatal care and teaches the
young women better nutrition resulted in an average birthweight of over
7 1/2 pounds.
Saving money. While offering such programs with a full range of services can be
expensive, many programs reduce costs by using volunteers. And in the long run,
programs that keep families together are significantly less expensive than those that
separate mothers and children:
At the Teen Parent Residence, for $67,500 per year in state funding, TPR
provides services for 14 teens and their babies. The remainder of the
program's funds come from fees paid by program participants and
contributions from charity.
At Bridgeway, the cost for mother and baby is $600 per month or $7,200
per year.
At Homes for the Homeless, for $12,000 per person per year, shelter for
mothers and their babies is provided. The normal cost is $40,000 per child
for foster care and $18,000 per adult for emergency shelter services in New
York City.
At St. Elizabeth's, the cost for each mother and child is $80 a day.
Kathleen Sylvester is the vice president of domestic policy for the
Progressive Policy Institute.
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to all of my Progressive Policy Institute colleagues who contributed to this project. Policy
analyst Elke Mayer, research assistant Eliza R. Culbertson, and intern Stephanie Soler pulled together the
best ideas and the most salient facts so that I could weave them together in this document. Policy analyst
Lyn A. Hogan was generous in sharing with her expertise. And interns Amy Levey, Ken Shetter, and
David Powell provided valuable additional research.
Copy editor Sarah Jackson-Han polished the final product and production manager Julie Kizer Ball
skillfully guided it through all stages of production. Finally, PPI president Will Marshall and
communications director Chuck Alston offered many valuable insights and comments at all stages of the
project.
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APPENDIX
Examples of residential treatment centers for pregnant teens exist in a number of states.
These facilities can be small or large; they are usually funded by varying combinations
of private and public monies. Some are located in inner cities, others in more rural areas.
Some have large professional staffs, others are staffed mainly by volunteers. Most
accept teen mothers between the ages of 15 and 18 and limit their stay to about two
years. The majority accept only teens who already have children, although a handful
accept pregnant teens. Some programs must accept mothers assigned to them by the
courts or social service agencies; others simply accept all of the applicants or referrals
they can accommodate. All programs require participants to be enrolled in school or job
training. In general, services include classes in parenting and life skills as well as some
counseling and support services. Day care is an important component of these programs,
though not always provided on-site. Vocational training and job placement services are
sometimes available.
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Alamogordo United Futures
1815 N. Florida Avenue
Alamogordo, NM 88310
Mobile Telephone: (505) 430-8897
For more information contact: Richard Brandner, Director
The Group Home serves both low-income elderly women capable of living
independently and young women with their children. Family stability and
intergenerational experience are encouraged. The 12-unit facility housing the United
Futures Project is owned by Northwest Association for Retarded Citizens and mortgaged
under HUD Section 202 funding for facilities for special needs populations.
Various services are provided to both the elderly women and the teenage mothers.
Services available to seniors include transportation to the Alamo Senior Center, legal
services, health promotion, and recreation at the Senior Center. Young mothers are
provided child care assistance, assistance in enhancing life and parenting skills, and
financial assistance for school. The state spends $25,000 to pay a portion of the director's
salary; teen mothers are eligible for low-income rent subsidies; they pay their rent from
their welfare checks.
Amity Street, Transitional Housing for Parenting Teens
Catholic Charities, North Region
55 Lynn Shore Drive
Lynn, MA 01902
(617) 593-2312
For more information contact: Richard D. Muzzy, Director of Outreach and Youth
Services
Amity Street consists of a nine-unit building that houses young single mothers ages 18-
23 with one or two children under the age of five. The home opened in October 1987,
and has served a total of 42 young mothers and 55 children. They are able to maintain
their own residences with the support of Catholic Charities' staff for up to two years.
The program offers counseling, case management, support groups, and assistance with
employment training and education.
The program costs approximately $190,000 per year. Some funding for support
services is received through the Department of Social Services. Residents are eligible for
rent subsidies through the Massachusetts Rental Voucher Program administered by the
Lynn Housing Authority. United Way and local fundraising efforts further maintain the
program.
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Bridgeway
85 S. Union Boulevard - Suite 204
Lakewood, CO 80228
(303) 969-0515
For more information contact: Rich Haas, Executive Director
Founded in 1986, Bridgeway is a private, nonprofit organization that operates three
homes and an education center for 16 pregnant teenagers and their babies. Parenting
mothers can stay up to six months or more in a home supervised by live-in
houseparents. Bridgeway has an annual budget of approximately $235,000 and is funded
by workplace campaigns and business and individual donations.
Bridgeway provides counseling and classes in Lamaze childbirth, self-esteem,
nutrition, parenting, adoption options, prenatal care, resume-writing, job skills, and drug
abuse. Volunteers from the community serve as "Bridgers" who act as mentors.
Door of Hope
2799 Health Center Drive
San Diego, CA 92123
(619) 279-1100
For more information contact: Charlie Cox, Director
Door of Hope consists of two homes: one for pregnant teenagers, and one called Havens
for young women with emotional and psychological problems. The maternity home
serves approximately 50 residents per year, and Havens takes in an average of 25 young
women per year. The women are admitted only if they are wards of the court or are
legally emancipated from their guardians.
Door of Hope offers 24-hour supervision by residential managers, an on-campus
public school, counseling, prenatal care, day care, and classes in independent living
skills, parenting, alcohol and drug abuse, Lamaze childbirth, job placement, and
discharge planning. There are 40 paid staff members in addition to volunteer support.
The cost of the program per girl for the maternity home is $2,360 per month, and
for Havens it is $4,423 per month. The babies cost about $708 per month in both homes.
Havens costs more because the young women placed there have fairly severe emotional,
psychological, or behavioral problems and need more specialized care.
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Father Pat Jackson House Program
1014 South Main Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
(313) 761-1440
For more information contact: LaTresa Wiley
Father Pat's is a transitional home that houses five teenage mothers and their babies.
Residents can stay for up to two years, but the average stay is four to six months. The
house is staffed by a director, social worker, two house mothers, and two overnight staff.
Volunteers are generally University of Michigan students who provide transportation
and mentoring.
Due to Father Pat's affiliation with St. Mary's Parish, funding comes mostly from
grants in the Catholic community and from private grants. The cost of the program is
$260 a month per mother and baby, which is $15,600 a year for the total program.
Florence Crittenton Homes and Services of West Virginia
2606 National Road
Wheeling, WV 26003-5393
(304) 242-7060
For more information contact: Sharon Perry, Executive Secretary
FCHS of West Virginia was created in 1895 as a residential home for young mothers. In
the 1991-92 program year it served more than 1,100 young mothers throughout West
Virginia and Belmont County, Ohio. Pregnant teenagers are referred from the
Department of Health and Human Resources, the judicial system, high school
counselors, church leaders, and family members.
Located in a residential neighborhood, the facility is equipped with an alternative
on-site school, a day care center, a health clinic, and counseling and case management
services. The main facility is surrounded by three residential homes that are used for
transitional living programs and is staffed full-time.
Crittenton also offers 10 community, home-based service sites. Programs here
include maternity care, community outreach, pregnancy and child abuse prevention
programs, day care, health clinics, support groups, Lamaze childbirth, child care, parent
skills training, adoption and adoption counseling, family and group counseling, life skills
training, case management, and family preservation services.
FCHS is funded by foundations, corporations, private donations, and client fees.
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Homes for the Homeless
36 Cooper Square, 6th Floor
New York, NY 10003
(212) 529-5252
For more information, contact: Page Bartels, Director of Development and External
Affairs
Founded in 1986, Homes for the Homeless is a comprehensive, residential nonprofit
organization that has served 8,400 families including more than 18,300 children in New
York City. The cost of the program is $12,000 per person annually, or $36,000 per family
annually. Homes for the Homeless also operates two summer camps for homeless
children.
Homes for the Homeless operates four "American Family Inns," which offer
housing and comprehensive services to homeless mothers and their children. A needs
assessment is developed for each family upon entry to the centers. Assistance is offered
in the areas of health care, educational enhancement for both parents and children,
employment training, foster care, independent living skills, substance abuse treatment,
and follow-up services. Two innovative aspects of the program are a "safe nursery" for
children at risk of abuse and an in-house apprenticeship program, where residents learn
job skills by working within the organization.
Northwest Maternity Center
4010 12th Street, N.E.
Washington, DC 20017
(202) 483-7008
For more information contact: Elizabeth Segal
The Northwest Maternity Center is a private/nonprofit residential facility for five
mothers with one or two children, which operates in tandem with the Pregnancy Center.
The center has been open for two years, and 26 young women have completed the
program. The two facilities exist on a shoestring budget of $160,000 a year, with the
Maternity Center getting about $60,000 of that amount. Funding comes from private
individuals and corporate donors and includes donations of food, toys, and furniture.
The center has flexible admission and length of stay requirements. The mothers
are between the ages of 15 and 24, and stay less than two years. They are referred from
community agencies, schools, and the Pregnancy Center.
The only paid staff members are the director and the social services director, so
the home depends heavily on a volunteer staff of 18. The program includes counseling,
referrals, and classes in parenting, child development, basic skills, and self-esteem.
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Seton Home
1115 Mission Road
San Antonio, TX 78210
(210) 533-3504
For more information contact: Brenda Tatro, Executive Director
Licensed by the state of Texas, Seton Home is a group home for pregnant teenagers and
teenage mothers, aged 12-20. The facility consists of two cottages, each of which houses
eight mothers and their babies. Approximately 35 mothers go through the program each
year.
Each cottage is staffed by one house mother or independent living skills
instructor. In addition, Seton Home has a social service director, volunteer coordinator,
and an executive director. Volunteers perform such tasks as office work, yard work, and
mother's day out activities.
Seton Home has an annual budget of $330,000. The United Way provides 20
percent of the funding, while the remainder comes from grants, fundraising projects,
direct mail campaigns, and support for money for some mothers from the state.
St. Ann's Infant and Mothers' Home
4901 Eastern Avenue
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 559-5500
For more information contact: Peggy Howard Gatewood, Director
St. Ann's, a Catholic charity, has taken in pregnant women since its inception in 1860.
In 1983, it established a program for adolescent mothers and their babies. Currently 14
young women, aged 16-19, and their babies live at the home for up to two years. On
average, 23 young women go through the program annually. Many are referred from
foster care and other public agencies, while some are homeless and come in off the
street.
The cost is $175 daily for a mother and baby. Funding is provided by a
combination of state block grants, local government appropriations, allocations from the
United Way, and private grants. For those who can afford it, payment is based on
sliding scale.
The mothers are supervised 24 hours a day by a staff of 27, including social
workers, nurses, child care workers, a parenting specialist, a job placement specialist,
and a child psychologist.
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St. Elizabeth's Regional Maternity Center, Southern Indiana
621 E. Market Street
New Albany, IN 47150
(812) 949-7305
For more information contact: Joan Smith, Founder and Director
Established in 1989, St. Elizabeth's consists of two homes: a maternity home for pregnant
teenage women and an aftercare home for teen mothers and their babies. St. Elizabeth's
is funded by donations from private individuals and corporate donors, community
development block grants, HUD, the March of Dimes, and HHS. In the past six years,
182 babies have been born at St. Elizabeth's. There are no age restrictions, although most
of the mothers are aged 15-20. They are referred from schools, doctors, hospitals, and
word of mouth.
The cost per mother and child is $80 a day in the maternity home, and residents
who are able pay the home on a sliding scale. The aftercare home costs $4,800 per year
per mother and child, thanks to a $1.5 million grant from HUD and a multitude of in-
kind contributions from community groups. While it depends heavily on volunteer
support, St. Elizabeth's has 14 full-time staffers, including three with MSW degrees, and
two part-time employees.
The home offers parenting and child care classes, self-esteem classes, and
counseling. One staff member is a sex abuse therapist and provides individual
counseling as well as group sessions and family counseling.
T.A.M.I. (Teen-Age Mothers and Infants) House
509 Branard Road
Houston, TX 77006
(713) 527-0718
For more information contact: Barbara Reid, Executive Director
The Teen-Age Mothers and Infants House is a traditional home that houses up to six
mothers with their babies. Residents live in T.A.M.I. House for an average of 10-12
months, but others are there anywhere from six-18 months. Mothers can be 16-17 1/2
years old when they enter the program. Funding comes from the Child Protective
Services, Community Development Block Grants, the United Way, private donations,
and churches. The cost per resident is $15 a day for a baby and $35 a day for a mother.
The staff consists of a single female house parent and a nursery worker. In
addition, pro bono therapists are hired to council the residents. Volunteers are used only
to augment the professional staff, to help in the nursery, get food at the food bank, or
perform general office duties. The program encourages residents to enrich their lives by
attending plays, visiting museums, and participating in community events.
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Teen Mothers Program/Sasha Bruce Youthwork
701 Maryland Avenue, N.E.
Washington, DC 20002
(202) 675-9380
For more information contact: Brenda Lockley, Director
The Teen Mothers Program is a residential treatment facility for five teenage mothers
and their babies run by the Sasha Bruce Youthwork program, a private, nonprofit
agency. The Teen Mothers Program is funded directly by grants from the DC
Department of Human Services, Family Service Division. It costs approximately $110 per
day per person to run the program. The participants are aged 15-18 and stay from 18
months to two years. The teen mothers are referred by the court system and are wards
of the DC government. All court-remanded cases must be accepted into the home.
Residents are offered a number of classes in cooking, child care, female health and
sexuality, and living and parenting skills. Counseling, tutoring, art therapy, and referrals
are also available.
There are no resident staff members; supervision is provided by two staffers at
a time based on rotating shifts. Volunteers and foster grandparents are important
elements of the program.
The Teen Parent Residence
1750 Indian School Road, N.E.
Apartment 109
Albuquerque, NM 87104
(505) 246-2497
For more information contact: Barbara Calderon, Center Director, Albuquerque Job
Corps
The Teen Parent Residence is a referral-only home for 14 young mothers and their
babies, aged 14-22. During the four and a half years the program has been running, 117
participants have gone through the program. Professionals provide counseling and
training in health, nutrition, parenting skills, independent living, family planning, safety,
child development, self-esteem building, and necessary life skills such as budgeting and
shopping.
Each teen and her baby receive AFDC, Food Stamps, WIC, and Medicaid. Out of
the AFDC money, the rent and utilities are paid as well as other basic requirements.
Child care is provided by the Children, Youth, and Families Department during the day
to allow the mothers to attend school. The program is maintained through state funding
with community organizations providing furniture for the apartments and supplies for
the project.
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