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MEMORANDUM
To:
Bob Goodwin
Info.: John Dutton, Pat Bland, Kenn Allen
From: Bill Dell
Subj.: Preliminary Recommendations from Ad Hoc Advisory Group on National Service
Ref.: Your voice mail of 9/13/95
The Ad Hoc committee met on September 12, 1995 with the following present:
Mary Elizabeth Larson
Sr. Staff, Senator Nancy Kassebaum
Ellen Hargis
VC Tucson
Billie Ann Myers
Volunteer
Pat Kells
Exec. Dir. Kansas Commission on National Service
Laura Lee Geraghty
Volunteer
Sue Vineyard
President, VMSystems
Bill Dell
POLF
Cynthia Scherer
POLF
Kim Harper
POLF - YES Ambassador
Virginia Faulkner
POLF
The morning discussions centered around a candid discussion and briefing by Mary
Elizabeth on her perception of recent developments in the Senate re: funding for National
Service and the degree to which Senator Kassebaum would likely support re-authorizing
legislation. Mary Elizabeth frankly admitted that she was caught by surprise with the $0
funding recommendation coming out of the VA/HUD subcommittee. As late as last
Friday, she had been led to believe that there would be funding restored for national
service and that something had obviously happened over the weekend to change the
situation. Although she was not aware of what strategy had been developed, she still
thought there was room for compromise on national service. She did state however, that
any re-authorization action would totally depend upon whether or not some funding was
restored and there was in fact a National Service Bill to re-authorize. Mary Elizabeth
made it plain that although Kassebaum was generally supportive of national service in
some form, if the current program was in fact eliminated, Senator Kassebaum would not
attempt to start from scratch with an authorization for a new program.
Given the uncertainties surrounding the entire issue, the decision was made to continue the
groups deliberations betting that some accommodation and compromise would be made
between the White House and the republican leadership and that in fact there would be a
Bill to re-authorize for FY-97 through FY-99.
The group concurred that Senator Kassebaum's alternative national service bill, as well as
her current position as portrayed by Mary Elizabeth, was, save a clearer focus on
educational (service learning) issues, was not substantially different in concept than the
existing program. Kassebaum's primary concerns centered around the issues of size for an
unproved program; too much ($), too soon, too many (participants) and the belief that the
size of the educational stipend was too great. The message was to "perfect, improve"
and re-package a good idea that will be more palatable to the Republican leadership.
Concerns from the volunteer field leadership was primarily expressed in terms of current
program administration, lack of coordination/cooperation with field organizations, both
Volunteer Centers and direct service agencies and the need to expand the connection
with traditional volunteerism and the Volunteer Centers. Along this line, great care
must be taken to ensure the "traditional volunteer community" is not perceived as opposed
to national service. There are those in the field of volunteerism, primarily because of being
given the cold shoulder during the first two years of the program, that have few good
things to say about AmeriCorps. We must take care to present a united front because the
national service initiative has a prominent role to play in the continuation of the volunteer
II
sector. Other concerns were:
The need to make sure that the new Bill is one thing to all, as opposed to the current
one which is an education program to some, a jobs program to others, and a service
bill to the remaining.
The difficulty with going from the Act to implementation. Much of what is needed in
a new authorization is already in current law, but has been implemented differently
than the original intent.
The need to consider this as not creating something new, but instead building on
current and historical volunteer efforts, strengthening those efforts rather than
competing or weakening.
The following items were discussed regarding what would be "lost" if the current national
service program was to end:
The federal/state focus on service ethic and participation
Common view and movement toward service (National /State/ local)
Much needed service infrastructure
opportunities for youth service
impetus/networking (learning and sharing)
Fostering and/or renewing the non-partisan ethic of service as a right and responsibility
of citizenship
In the area of desired changes:
A possible change in the treatment of the monetary remuneration from "stipends" to
out of pocket expenses/ allowances. (would remove much of the aura of paid service
and change public/players perceptions)
A broader umbrella of service that includes/invites all manner of participation through
service
A vision/mission definition so that the vision becomes the goal of the national service
effort
Simplify the process /reduce the bureaucracy (Need single entity to manage. Some
states now have a State Office of Volunteerism, State Commission on National
Service, and other state/local agencies vying for control and limited funds.)
Re-emphasis and use of what works in the field (Historical Value/ best practices)
Support for 3-5 years
Empowerment/accountability at federal and local level
Creation of a federal pool of money from which local community projects can be
funded
Development of significant resources from the field/local community (Corporate
fundraising)
Block grants to states specific to the national service mission/vision
The following preliminary recommendations were discussed that might be included as
provisions/ initial elements to a "re-packaged national service program.
1.
Establish a clear vision/mission statement for the national service program that
would be more inclusive, (i.e.) "To foster and/or renew the non-partisan ethic of
service as a right and responsibility of citizenship".
2.
Convene a national (White House) conference on national service.
3.
Provision for the convening of national academies of service leadership (similar to
our VC-2000 leadership meetings) to obtain buy-in and support from local
communities.
4.
Provision for formalization of teacher education in the principles of service
learning.
5.
Provision for Block Grants to states to fund local projects specific to the national
service mission.
6.
Provision for the establishment of a single coordinating body within state
government to administer national service initiatives.
7.
Refinement of evaluation procedures to measure outcome/impact with a goal
towards increased citizen involvement in meaningful service-- ultimately without
government involvement.
8.
Provision for expansion of nonprofit board/executive leadership training at the
national and local level.
9.
Provision for local agency readiness training.
At this point we have no idea as to the ultimate acceptability of any of the above, but it's a
starting point. Without question, through our interaction with Mary Elizabeth, we are
well positioned to influence whatever happens with new authorizing legislation. Next
steps are to further flesh out the above and other ideas as yet to be developed. As a next
step, we need your help in having the Corporation help the discussions along by providing
answers to the following questions:
1.
What does the Corporation want?
2.
Other players?
3.
State Corporation/Executive Director input?
4.
Current spending patterns re: service learning programs/training, youth
development programs, programs for seniors, other categories
?
5.
Marketing plan for this fall?
Obviously we will need to have representation soon from the Corporation. Recommend
we wait until Harris is confirmed.
H: bdreauth.doc
MEMORANDUM
To: Shirley Sagawa
From: Emily Keller
Date: November 1, 1995
Re: Article Summaries
Attached are the article summaries that you requested from the October edition of Perspectives
on the Federal Role in National and Community Service.
Perspectives on the Federal Role in National and Community Service, October, 1995:
Article Summaries and Excerpts
"Setting the Context for the Discussion: An Introduction" by Fran Rothstein
The turmoil in this country makes now the ideal time for new service initiatives, crafted by
public and private organizations and supported by the federal government. Although national and
community service have their roots in the private sector, they deserve federal investment to ensure
that their initiatives will grow in scale. Although the authors of the following essays write from
different perspectives, there exists a startling unison about the value of national and community
service and the absolute necessity, timeliness, and correctness of a federal investment strategy.
National service offers youth a chance to redirect their lives in a positive way. National
service has proven its potential to build responsibility, compassion, and community involvement
among its participants. The federal government has a responsibility to ensure that every young
person has an opportunity to serve the community and country, as part of their civic education.
AmeriCorps, the centerpiece of the current federal investment strategy, will grow in
popularity as more people recognize that those providing valuable service are AmeriCorps
members. However, some agencies have found it difficult to balance their known and respected
identity with an AmeriCorps overlay. In addition, in the polarized political climate in which the
reauthorization debate is occurring, legislators may be more inclined to support the diversity of
homegrown programs over the perceived "AmeriCorps umbrella."
While the president's involvement with national service has boosted the scope and visibility
of national service, AmeriCorps has also become the opponent's most valuable hostage in this
fractious partisan climate. The challenge for the near future is to balance a principled stand on
federal support for service with political expediency. People must realize that, in the end, the
most compelling argument for national service is that "it's the right thing to do."
"National Service: An Opportunity Worthy of Government Investment" by Randi Shade
Voters' alienation, frustration and anger with government have created an ideal
opportunity to implement and strengthen national service. Politicians should be scorned for
failing to recognize the connection between national service and the idea of government creating
common highways by replacing the "old system" with a more flexible, grassroots system. Our
elected officials are ill-informed and motivated only by immediate political ramifications.
The national service debate is truly confusing. National service is not just one program,
but an entire movement. This movement refers to the federal government's fostering of
opportunities that bring diverse people together to find common ground and achieve positive
results in their communities. The debate should revolve around which initiatives to fund and how
to fund them, rather than whether to fund national service at all.
National service has the potential to inspire even the most alienated citizens to become
involve in our country. Government must support ventures that create value for society by
involving people with skills and talent to make opportunity out of chaos, contradiction, and
confusion, and provide the resources for these people to pursue that opportunity.
AmeriCorps has done more to attract individuals with vision, passion, commitment and
motivation than any other government program in recent history. Though not perfect,
AmeriCorps has done much to meet the public's demand for federally-funded initiatives that
inspire creativity, logical design, broad citizen involvement, and new solutions to problems.
AmeriCorps should not be judged for its individual failures because, as with venture capitalists,
not every investment will pay off. The federal government must give AmeriCorps a few years to
solidly establish itself.
National service is government's ideal opportunity to involve citizens in the process of
making our country run better, and now is the ideal time to implement national service.
Americans wants government to put sensibility ahead of politics. National service is a sensible
solution to many of society's current problems.
"The Importance of a Bipartisan Consensus for a Federal Role in the Service Movement" by
Roger Landrum
The central goal of the national and community service is to provide quality opportunities
for young people to serve their communities and country in various settings. Service provides
young people with active and positive roles in their communities, developing them as citizens and
bringing with them the valuable resources of energy and idealism.
National government plays an extremely important role in achieving the goals of national
service. Congress and the President must tell America's young people the importance of service.
Federal power and resources must be invested in national service to sustain large-scale
participation. The real challenge is to define the role the federal government should play in the
service movement and create a policy mix that will win bipartisan support.
Though finding the right policy mix to build consensus will take much time and care, any
feasible proposal must include key elements that can win bipartisan support. The identity and
marketing of national and community service are crucial for support. National service should be
marketed as a nongovernmental institution which government supports but does not own, operate
or dominate. Government should be seen as only one of many investors in this movement.
AmeriCorps must be viewed as a truly national effort instead of a Democratic program.
Many suggestions focus on separating the federal government and federal funds from
national service. There should be a mix of both public and private funding. A policy which limits
federal funds to no more than 49 percent of the budget of any service program could prove a
valuable way of reducing the intrusiveness of federal regulations and winning support of
Republicans. A balance of full-time stipended service and part-time volunteering could also win
the support of Republicans. Colleges and universities could become the primary investors by
giving volunteers priority eligibility for federal higher education grants and loans. The
Corporation for National Service could be moved outside of the government entirely or could
rely more heavily in nongovernmental organizations. Unless compromises can be reached to build
bipartisan support for national service, the movement risks losing federal support entirely.
"A Modest Proposal for Rescuing and Redirecting AmeriCorps" by Steven Waldman
The Republicans are missing a terrific opportunity to use national service programs to
eliminate "bureaucratic waste" such as the Welfare State. Programs such as AmeriCorps could
make it easier to slash social spending and undercut the handout mentality. Republicans should
propose cutting several billion dollars from social programs and adding half the amount to
AmeriCorps. National service programs have the added benefit of engendering a sense of
obligation to community among young Americans.
AmeriCorps is not a typical government program. Most to the money is distributed
through the states to local nonprofits which must compete for grants. Because AmeriCorps
programs are based in the private sector and staffed by hard-working idealistic youths, they tend
to be far more efficient than traditional government bureaucracies. Often times AmeriCorps
programs have been able to accomplish much more than many other government-run programs in
the areas of low-income housing, inner-city education, immunization of children, and reading
programs. AmeriCorps programs, therefore, could be used in conjunction with slashes in welfare
and Medicaid.
Service programs also offer subsidiary benefits, such as providing skills and confidence to
the participants. Participants may also benefit from a sense of discipline and self-worth. Service
brings people of different backgrounds together in pursuit of a common goal.
Some AmeriCorps programs have been and will be ineffective. Unlike stationary
bureaucracies, however, it is easy to defund ineffective AmeriCorps programs since they must
compete each year for continued funding. Republicans must resist their impulse to focus on the
negatives of AmeriCorps in order to kill a program associated with Clinton.
"How to Maximize the Impact of Federal Investment in National Service" by Robert K. Goodwin
The federal government must help fund national service. National service has shown itself
to be an investment, rather than an expense by signalling of importance of service and citizenship
in our society, encouraging innovative efforts to solve serious social problems that plague
communities, leveraging nonfederal resources, promoting service opportunities for the breadth
and diversity of our population, and providing both formal and informal opportunities for
personal, social, and academic development of young and old. Recent reports document that the
gains to society and the percentage of nonfederal funding leveraged by tax dollars of national
service rival even the most efficient government programs.
National service must retain bipartisan federal support over the long term. Even with this
support, national service must change in order to survive. In this article, some such changes
follow.
We must first change our perception of what national service is. The definition should be
made broad enough to include all manners of voluntary service, not just AmeriCorps. We must
focus on a vision of national service as a means, not an end. The vision of national service should
be inclusive and should help politicians and the public understand the importance of service to
individuals and to communities. People must also understand that national service costs money,
such as staff, transportation and food expenses.
We must restructure and simplify the funding process. There should be less bureaucracy,
less redundancy, and less competition among local, state and national entities. A federal pool of
money for community projects could be created and block grants could be provided to states to
fund local and state projects. We should not be unrealistic in our timeframe. Realistically, it will
take at least three years to build strong programs so we must therefore see the federal funds as a
long-term investment. We must increase the emphasis on the best practices. Successful practices
should be captured, analyzed and disseminated. Local agency readiness training must also be
provided to ensure quality service opportunities for national service participants. Excellent
planning and administrative structures at both the state and local level must be ensured through
single coordinating bodies in each state.
The Corporation for National Service, through partnerships with national and local
resources, should take some steps immediately. The Corporation along with the White House
should have a conference on national service. The Corporation could obtain buy-in and support
from communities by organizing national academies of service leadership which could increase the
visibility of service-learning. These steps could help national service achieve its goal of calling all
Americans to serve their communities and build a stronger country.
"Five Recommendations for National Service" by Suzanne Goldsmith
National service programs are in danger of elimination although they are at the cutting
edge of a movement to redefine the federal government's role in shaping social policy and
programs. They offer a decentralized, flexible, and responsive vehicle for increasing citizen
response to local needs. The model for national service does, however, present some serious
problems. Many Americans are not aware of the impact of national service because of the
diversified nature of the programs. If national service is to flourish, adjustments must be made.
Service and volunteerism must work hand in hand. Though unpaid volunteers can meet
many of the nations's needs, most Americans only have a few hours a week to volunteer. National
service targets people with time to give then offers them living stipends, educational incentives,
and bottom-line benefits to enable them to commit full- or half-time. Wages should not be paid
for service. Many national service participants are willing to work for less than minimum wage.
Stipends should be offered as a way of meeting expenses, not as wages.
National service should focus on bolstering important public services, such as hospitals,
police departments, schools, and long-term care institutions. As government reduces services,
national service an help fill in the gaps. National service will not be considered vital until it meets
vital needs.
National service should not be promoted as a reform program for youth for many reasons.
It sets up expectations that cannot possibly be met. For every reformed youth, there are probably
nine who are not reformed by national service. It also fails to recognize the important
contributions of college graduates, recent immigrants, and teenagers, who have taken time out of
their schedules or careers to serve their country. National service is concerned primarily with
accomplishing needed work. If lives are changed by national service that is just an added bonus.
National service can strengthen national identity by harnessing the energy and goodwill
that accompanies being part of a large national effort. Those who serve must be made visible, and
all Americans must be made aware of the role national service is playing in meeting community
needs. Standard uniforms and common language would help unify national service. National
service, in order to be successful, must learn from experience, keep improving, and tell its unique
story in such a way that the nation cannot fail to listen.
"What I the Ideal Role for the Federal Government in the National Service Field?" by Linda
Forsyth
There is an appropriate national service leadership and investment role for the federal
government. AmeriCorps, first of all, should be thought of as arms and legs for social institutions.
Linked with social institutions, AmeriCorps is a fitting way for us to deal with a tumultuous,
polarizing, highly volatile environment. Community members could come together to name their
most urgent needs and to figure out how to use this new domestic service corps to help. Every
school could develop a comprehensive plan that uses all of its resources to educate all of its
students. AmeriCorps could become the key tool for school improvement. AmeriCorps gives
core institutions, such as schools, flexibility, credibility, rapid response capacity, and mission.
The issues of fee-for-service and spiking must also be resolved. Ways must be found to
sustain corps-based teams of AmeriCorps, but the concept of AmeriCorps as responding to the
needs and that have been identifies and written into AmeriCorps proposals by community-based
collaboration must also honored. The AmeriCorps model "swat" teams could be legitimized and
brought into a community to meet specific needs. The best solution may be a separate subtitle for
swat team programs. Spiking, or allowing AmeriCorps members from one program to serve for a
specified time in another, could enhance the AmeriCorps experience if pre-planned and well-
organized spiking were incorporated into certain placements.
States should be responsible for designing and implementing a sound competitive grant
process, without the duplication of effort in having proposals read at both state and federal levels.
The federal leadership role should include approving the process and providing help and technical
assistance to states. The final approval of candidates should be made at the state level. The
federal agency must relinquish some authority, responsibility and accountability to the states, and
focus on leadership.
Apprenticeship placements for individuals who have completed and AmeriCorps term of
service and who wish to apply their trust award toward an apprenticeship wage could be
developed. The use of AmeriCorps members to extend existing services must also be examined.
AmeriCorps is only defensible if it fits into a plan carefully designed by a private-public
community partnership, but questions still remain as to whether to use teams of AmeriCorps
members only to do work that is qualitatively different form that preformed by regular employees.
The reauthorized Act should contain very clear delimiting language.
AmeriCorps could also be established as State Peace Corps, that address each state's
identified urgent needs. The federal government could assure that the "service army" is exempt
from unemployment insurance requirements, enjoys a national identity, has common health
coverage, and has sufficient training. The country could return to the idea of mandatory service,
with AmeriCorps as one of the options. In this post-Cold War era, the most urgent threats to our
freedoms are coming from within the country. National service could help protect these
freedoms.
"Streams Into A River" by Harris Wofford
In the 1980's all of the streams of national service in America put together fell far short of
being a mighty river. Though President Reagan called for the restoration of the American spirit of
voluntary service, membership in such organizations as the Peace Corps dwindled. Today's
AmeriCorps, which draws on the spirit of the Peace Corps, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and
the G.I. Bill, is different in that it based in the independent sector. It goes beyond government to
release the power to the people.
AmeriCorps has thousands of members working at programs throughout the country. In
addition to the programs of the Corporation for National Service, there are scores of other youth
corps and long-established civic and religious volunteer agencies throughout the country. In spite
of this wealth of opportunities, national service is not yet strong enough to overcome some to the
most urgent problems of our communities and country.
National service offers an opportunity to bring Americans together at a time in our
country where there are sharp racial and class divisions. National service also can help solve our
country's problems that are due to a lack of values. With the Welfare State being reduced, the
problems of education, public safety, health and environment can be helped by national service.
In order to galvanize citizens to do what urgently needs doing, we must show that
decentralized national service is a cost-effective way of getting things done. We must break
through the citizens' cynicism and thereby release the constructive power of people working
together. We must find ways and means to make citizen service the common expectation and
experience of all Americans.
We must begin at the school with well-organized programs. The senior programs must
also be supported and strengthened, because one's later years is a period when people can
dedicate a large part of time to their service. Seniors also bring a lifetime of practical experience
and community connection.
Full-time and part-time service complement one another. A substantial portion of
AmeriCorps assignments are directly geared to enlisting and organizing the volunteer service of
others. The Corporation should give a higher priority to AmeriCorps assignments that focus on
expanding the service of such unpaid part-time community volunteers.
AmeriCorps should aim to become less of a government bureaucracy and more of a trust
of the American people, like the American Red Cross. We must work together to get national
service established in the public mind as a nonpartisan institution in which all American people can
take pride. National service is not the property of any one President or party. If there is any idea
that is truly all-American it is national service. National service eventually will prove itself by the
deeds of Corps members and community volunteers who get things done.
Reauthorization Issues.
DRAFT
by Linda Forsyth
This paper covers only issues that should be part of the National and
Community Service Act of 1993 reauthorization discussion. It does not
include the many suggestions that are appropriate for Corporation
administrative policy and practice that would improve services for and
partnership with Commissions. It is a compilation of ideas and
recommendations from practitioners, commissioners and executive directors.
Later, suggestions from leaders in the foundation world will be added.
The final version of this paper will contain results from the attached
survey that is being sent with this draft to all state executive directors,
foundation leaders, and a broader constituency of program leaders. Please
use the attached survey to add your comments. We will certainly not gain
consensus on all of the ideas contained in this paper, but all ideas that relate
to the law have been included. There are some notable common themes, and
perhaps I can show the degree of agreement by summarizing your responses
on the survey. Should any suggestions that represent the views of only one
audience be so identified in the final version of this paper?
AmeriCorps Typologies
Before discussing the technical and structural areas for change in
reauthorization of the Act, it is useful to first discuss some of the ways that
people think about AmeriCorps. Several visions have emerged in my
discussions with others throughout the country. I have attempted to roll
these visions of AmeriCorps into two broad typologies. In any case, it is
necessary, in my opinion, to address the very different ways in which people
envision AmeriCorps in the reauthorized version of the Act---even if only to
allow States the authority to implement whatever model or vision they
choose.
The Leadership Typology
In this model, AmeriCorps members are placed within host agencies,
singly or in very small teams to help that agency implement its designed
services---reaching more people, or expanding that kind of service.
Generally, I see the leadership typology as an "ongoing service" model, in that
the services are provided as a continuous strand throughout the year, and
achievement of specific annual objectives is measured by noting qualitative
changes over time (benchmark changes are generally required for
demonstrating annual results). Examples might be Members acting as
Service-Learning Coordinators or school reform facilitatiors, using school-
community service as a tool. In these instances, schools have adopted a
service strategy, but need assistance with its implementation. AmeriCorps
1
Members provide that assistance, and leave behind a record of knowledge
about what they do and how someone else can do it when the Members are
gone.
Other examples include the Court Appointed Special Advocates
(CASA) and YMCA Pryde programs that use single or teams-of-two
AmeriCorps Member placements within the placement organization to
expand that organization's capacity to service its local community. CASA
Members, for example, act as advocates for children who are dependent upon
services ordered by a court; one YMCA Pryde program uses AmeriCorps
Members to teach swimming classes to students from the neighborhood
school, by agreement with the school district, at the local Y and to conduct an
after-school program that emphasize resiliency and character development to
resist the lure of gangs, in addition to strengthening academic performance.
The Corps Typology
This program type may or may not be found in a corps (local or state
conservation corps; City Year) but I see it as a group or crew-based model that
is characteristic of the corps. Corps models are usually also project-based
models, in that the team or crew undertakes specific projects, which, taken
together, meet the program's stated annual objectives. Most often, the
projects are tangible (unlike the services of the leadership model) and are
evident to the observer within the Member's service year. Examples of this
are City Year, the conservation corps, the Watershed Project, and the
Summerbridge summer school programs for students.
These two models derive from two visions of AmeriCorps: as
"extenders" that allow agencies providing needed community services to
reach more people, and as "teams" or "crews" of AmeriCorps members that
are organized to respond to the action plan of collaborations of community
organizations, public and private.
Another twist is that many of our currently operating corps model
programs face the question of whether or not they may accept fees-for-services
provided. At present, there seems to be acceptance of this practice if the
services are part of a community collaboration (partnership) funded
AmeriCorps plan or if the designated services are requested by an entity that
manages resources in the public domain or that acts on behalf of the general
public, such as the U.S Forest Service, the State Fish and Game Department,
or Housing and Urban Development. The fee-for-service issue still cries for
clarification, since one of the underpinnings of AmeriCorps is its prerequisite
for a community organizational partnership that assesses its community's
urgent, unmet needs and develops a plan (a proposal for AmeriCorps
funding) that shows how AmeriCorps intervention will address those needs.
2
This is conceptually different from taking a fee from one entity to provide a
specific service requested by that entity.
Reauthorization Issues
The reauthorization ideas collected over the past several months tend
to fall into two categories: technical, "clean-up" issues and fundamental
restructuring ideas. It should be noted here that many excellent suggestions
have been made for improving the Corporation-Commission partership, and
that those have found their way to the Corporation offices and to the Board.
The focus of this paper is on those issues that require changes in the law,
rather than suggestions for improved administrative policies.
National Level Technical Issues
Below are listed the technical clean-up suggestions from Executive
Directors of many states, Commissioners, discussions with program
implementors and state program officers:
1.
Amend all necessary bills to assure consistency nationwide that
AmeriCorps members are not entitled to unemployment insurance benefits;
therefore, payment of unemployment insurance premiums is not required of
AmeriCorps programs. Clarify (define) the difference, in law, between a
Member and an employee. Go beyond the intent language and inferred
understandings currently in the Act.
2.
State clearly, whatever structural changes may obtain in the new Act,
that the ADA disability funds are open to all AmeriCorps streams and to all
AmeriCorps funding sources equally.
3.
State clearly that the Member's education award is not taxable.
4.
Combine AmeriCorps*USA and AmeriCorps*VISTA into one funding
and programmatic bill. Use this as an opportunity to clarify the differences
between the kinds of service these two programs provide to an agency and/or
a community.
5.
As clearly as possible, set limits on the kind of high-risk service
environment to which Members may be assigned without first having the
necessary training and/or credentialing. If the project or services do require
advanced training, that becomes a prerequisite for recruitment.
6.
Update the Domestic Volunteers Act (Federal law that supersedes State
law) to assure ease in AmeriCorps contracting with VISTA and Senior Corps,
and to assure that the definition of AmeriCorps Member as neither a
3
volunteer nor an employee is clear, for purposes of unemployment
insurance, risk-management, or other relevant areas (as in item #1).
7.
Clarify the responsibilities of the Commissions for national direct
grantees and fund all administrative, training, and monitoring
responsibilities designated to Commission staff. (This may be better handled
through major restructuring of national service programs; in fact, one
recommendation is to cease funding of federal agency and/or all national
direct programs entirely. Another is to move that funding and responsibility
to the State Commissions.) Specific role clarifications offered in our surveys
include: requiring national directs to participate in Commission-sponsored
national identity and training activities; ensuring that national parent
organizations are clear about their relationship with the larger national and
state service organizations; either developing clear (and funded) relations
between national directs and State Commissions or completely separating the
two, with the Corporation taking full TA and monitoring responsibility for
the national directs. (This is not the preferred solution; States would strongly
prefer a restructured view of this, in which national directs become State-
selected and administered programs; i. e., national direct funds and
responsibilities are rolled into the State's formula and administrative grants.)
8.
Amend necessary Federal law(s) to permit the participation of welfare
participants in AmeriCorps programs and eliminate any disincentives that
may exist under Federal statute. States that want to use AmeriCorps as an
avenue to enhance the character and skills development needed to assure
employabililty should be encouraged to do so, as long as the program meets
AmeriCorps standards; i.e., it clearly differentiates AmeriCorps from other
jobs corps and workfare programs. Eliminating whatever constraints may
continue to exist federally (after welfare reform enactment) allows States to be
innovative in using service as a strategy to move individuals to self-support,
emphasizing the power of Member development through becoming the
"server" rather than always the recipient of services.
9.
Eliminate the binary approach of funding AmeriCorps* programs
(i.e., competitive and formula) to assure consistency and the incentive for
Commissions to invest equally in both as they carry out their program
monitoring responsibilities (for troubled programs, this can be a heavy staff
and resource investment). OR, alternatively, if the binary approach
continues, then clearly award Commissions the final authority and
responsibility for monitoring and providing the final recommendation for
funding status of its competitive grant programs to the Corporation Board. If
the Commission determines that a competitive grant program is unworthy of
continued investment (renewal funding), then another program that has
demonstrated a threshhold of excellence and is on a waiting list from that
state should be the first program recommended to the Corporation Board as a
substitute for the nonrenewed program. If the state has no alternative
4
program on the Competitive grant waiting list, the Corporation Board then
acts on the recommendation of Corporation staff. This rewards the time and
resources spent by a Commission to ensure maximum good faith effort to
help even the most troubled programs succeed.
10.
Emphasize the intent to promote the ethic of service by requiring States
to include general plans for Learn and Serve, AmeriCorps, VISTA, the Senior
Corps and traditional programs in their State Plan. Emphasize the landscape
of CNS programs in Federally sponsored evaluation, training, administrative
(including Corporation organizational design) and clearinghouse efforts.
Promote a seamless system of service by encouraging cross-stream
applications (devise one) and talking about the "seasons of service" or the
"citizens in service" so that one stream does not become the entire focal point
of the movement. (This may be an administrative, rather than a legal, issue.)
11.
Require Higher Education Learn and Serve applicants to apply for their
funding through the State Commission's grant process. This provides better
linkage across CNS programs, encourages Commissions to take a more
earnest interest in higher-ed-based service programs, and could encourage
innovative recruitment of AmeriCorps service-learning coordinators among
those who are also participants in service-learning (in their college courses).
12.
Use a portion of the T/TA funds to support training for and placement
of a young Program Officer Fellow in each Commission office for one year.
This could be done for $3 million (less than 25% of current T/TA funds) and
would be particularly helpful for small states that do not have sufficient
administrative funds to support the progam specialist staffing they need. It is
also a way to contract for centralized training (perhaps one week for the initial
training, with follow-up support trainings once or twice during the year). It
may be a prerequisite that Fellows have prior experience as participants in a
service program. This helps Commissions develop high-quality programs,
provides a vehicle for disseminating good administrative and program
technical assistance practices, and provides opportunities for those who are
interested in furthering their service program experiences at a policy and
State implementation level. Moreover, if States do assume responsibility for
national direct programs, additional staffing will be essential.
13.
Strengthen or emphasize the use of AmeriCorps Members as service-
learning coordinators in schools, and provide incentives for linkages between
AmeriCorps and Learn and Serve America programs.
14.
Require that data collected by the Corporation be available to
Commissions, upon request, as aggregate reports on Members, service hours,
etc. in their States. For example, data from Member entry and exit forms
should be forwarded to State Commissions.
5
15.
Base State Administrative Grants on the number of CNS projects (not
limited to AmeriCorps* operating in the State and requiring
coordination and/or technical assistance efforts.
16.
Clarify the fee-for-service issue; align it with the adopted vision of
AmeriCorps. If necessary, develop a special funding strand for corps-based
programs that allows greater latitude with this than is otherwise
contemplated for AmeriCorps programs.
Technical Issues That States Should Have the Authority to Decide
Commission should have increased flexibility and matching authority on a
number of issues, according our consitutents. Commission should have the
authority to decide:
1.
Whether, and under what limits, AmeriCorps members may (or may
not) engage in fundraising or soliciting of donations for their programs,
projects, or host agencies. Some programs allow Members to solicit donations
of materials needed for their projects. While this may be acceptable, one
source indicated that some Members said they were told that if they could not
raise the needed materials or funds for their project, they would have to
donate money themselves to support the project.
2.
Which applicants will receive Formula-funds and full authority to
design and implement their system for determining which programs will
not receive renewal funding. There would be no need to submit the Formula
applications in the State plan; a list of the names and locations of programs
selected for funding would suffice. The Act should also clearly delineate the
monitoring responsibilities of the Commissions and the Corporation for
Competitive grantees, if those two funding typologies continue to exist (see
item 9 above).
3.
The program match requirements within the State, particularly for
Formula-funded programs. Programs in some states may have no problem
making a 20% match the first year and moving to a 50% match by the last
grant year (another State decision---the maximum number of years, if any, for
any grant award). Other states may not have a sufficiently strong corporate or
foundation base to require a large, multi-year match, or they may decide that
the ultimate goal is for local area service programs to prove so worthy that
they garner local governmental (tax-base) support.
4.
The duration and transition terms of grants (particularly for Formula
grants, if the two kinds of AmeriCorps*USA grants are to continue in the
Act). That is, a State may elect to award a five-year grant, renewable upon
reasonable accomplishment of objectives, to a community-based partnership
6
that has (a) a given partnership make-up, and (b) accepts certain rather stiff
match requirements. This contemplates allowing a longer period for
"transitioning" the services to other community funding sources, and/or
allowing programs that emphasize long-range goals to have sufficient time to
attain those. Additionally, it allows programs with high upfront costs (such
as a project-based program) to amortize costs over a longer period of time.
5.
Whether there will be one administrative office or two for the
national service programs in the State. States should be free to consolidate
the current Corporation office with the Commission for efficiency. (This
may be better covered as a reauthorization issue.)
6.
How host agencies/programs should insert AmeriCorps into their local
(and State) identity. There is much unhappiness about this issue. One writer
stated that the obsession with national identity caused some problems for
programs in securing local agency or corporate support. Programs, for
example, should be encouraged to use a slogan that identifies the agency,
State, or key corporate supporter--i. e., "this is IBM-AmeriCorps," if IBM is a
major player in that program and partnership!
7.
All training and technical assistance required by the panoply of service
programs in the State, and control of the T/TA funds (and PDAT, to assure
strategic integration and coordination). Commissions are closer to the needs
of programs in various parts of their state, and should be required to develop
an effective system for delivering technical assistance. GET RID OF THE
CURRENT NATIONAL T/TA system. Suggestions from virtually all input
sources support this. Suggestions ranged from awarding States T/TA
vouchers to setting up a direct drawdown T/TA account to simply awarding a
T/TA grant to each state, on a formula basis. Small states may elect to
combine their funds to develop an efficient training and technical assistance
system, such as four. states in the Pacific Northwest have already done
(contracting with North West Labs in Portland). Other large states, like
California, have widely diverse T/TA needs and have developed, through a
public-private partnership, a system and the regional infrastructure to meet
those needs.
8.
Whether to approve an instate request from two or more programs
that seek to make "spiking" arrangements. Spiking refers to the temporary
assignment of AmeriCorps members from one program to serve in another
AmeriCorps program that has similar objectives for a specified (and limited)
amount of time.
9.
Whether higher education applicants can represent a single campus or
must represent a statewide (or collaborative) effort. Also, empower the
Commissions to read and select the Higher Education Learn and Serve
grantees. This creates a more cohesive State effort that crosses program
7
streams, including traditional programs and encourages Higher Education
institutions to participate in State conferences, trainings, regional networks,
etc.
Fundamental Restructuring Ideas
There is a movement in Congress to block-grant program dollars to
States, with general provisions that define the purposes for which the funds
are to be used (with delimitations and prohibitions), leaving the strategies for
meeting those purposes to each individual State. What might we
contemplate if National Service dollars are also moved to the States in a block
grant---or in some near-block grant form that provides greatly increasd
authority and flexibility to States in exchange for accountability?
Block Grant CNS funds to States on a formula basis, with a guaranteed
minimum grant to small States (should this be called a Consolidated
Programs Grant??)
1.
Consolidate all CNS programs (perhaps with the exception of the
NCCC which is located in a few States and which better lends itself to Federal
oversight) into one National Service Grant and award funding to States on a
formula basis, with a minimum base of funding guaranteed for small States.'
This has implications in particular for the national direct programs. Those
may be retained by States and operated with the other "multi-operating-site"
programs that Commissions presently administer. For example, one YMCA-
based program in California operates in over 40 locations, and may provide a
useful model for handling national directs that have more than one
operating site in a State and that operate under policies of their national
nonprofit host organization.
2.
Under the Block/Consolidated Programs Grant scenario, the
flexibilities listed above are a given. Basically, States would have full
decisionmaking authority to develop and manage their priority issues and
strategies, the grant process, a technical assistance and monitoring system, and
responsibly administer the program grants.
3.
Under terms of the Block/Consolidated Grant (or whatever it is called),
States should be encouraged to link program streams and tie CNS programs
into traditional service programs creatively. States should be required to
develop a plan for the coordinated use of the funds and show how their plan
meets the (given) intent of the Act. Even under a Block/Consolidated Grant,
there may be some caveats: for example, the Act may stipulate that funds be
distributed through a competitive grant process to assure maintenance of
quality and eventual rotation of these funds in and out of communities; a
certain percentage of funds may be earmarked for Governor's Innovative
Programs (per the intent of Subtitle H), or a percentage of the funds may be
8
earmarked for programs administered by a public-private partnership of
organizations (or by local governmental agencies), or a percentage may be
earmarked for service-learning (K-12 and higher education). The caveats
should be few and strategic, however, in order that the intended flexibility not
be greatly diminished.
Treat different States differently
1.
Block/Consolidate the grant to States that submit a plan for managing
one grant that meets the intent of the reauthorized Act (i. e., assures the
integrity of programs as contemplated by the Act, and assures fiscal
accountability) and allow other States to function with greater dependency on
the Corporation. Hold all States accountable for implementing their plan and
accomplishing their objectives.
A Change in roles for the Corporation and the Commissions
1.
The Corporation would assume a leadership, convener, information-
disseminator role, and the Commission would become the entrepreneurial
administrators of innovative, adaptive, effective programs. The Corporation
might fund and promote national research designed to add to the body of
knowledge about service from the viewpoint of political sciences, sociologists,
educators, psychologists, public policy specialists, etc. Commissions would
concentrate on statewide evaluations of the effectiveness of various program
models and demonstration projects, training and assisting programs with
data collection that, for example, uses common instruments so cross-
comparisons can be made.
2.
Commissions would be held accountable for the effectiveness of their
selected strategies; in exchange, they have the authority to make all of the
decisions in the discussion above, in addition to creating innovative
programs such as the apprenticeship-AmeriCorps, whereby the "education
award" can be used as an "apprenticeship award." Additionally, States may
elect to promote short-term planning grants to communities, or long-term
grants to assist communities move successful demonstration programs to
achieve local, public funding. In this example, a partnership operating a
successful AmeriCorps program for three years may seek additional years of
"transitional funding" during which time the cash match increases
dramatically. This gives the program leaders time to convince the city
council, the board of supervisors or citizens to support a local tax that assures
continuation of the partnership's services. This would demonstrate the
ultimate success in our communities: endorsement with cash from the
taxpayers!
9
Ideas States may want to try: States may elect to have a national
service effort that is a State Peace Corps model, or they may elect to develop
an all-corps model or an all-leadership model. They may establish "mobile
service teams" that specialize in environmental clean-up, emergency disaster
relief, or building houses for the homeless. These "mobile service teams"
would move to communities that request and can support their work and
provide leadership in getting the specific things done and rallying
community volunteers to help. The teams would be in a community for six
weeks and move on.
States may decide to use their national service corps as demonstrations
of effective ways to help other publically funded efforts meet their legislative
intent; for example, welfare reform, special education, school-to-work, post-10
high school reform, healthy start or public health efforts, domestic violence
and teen pregnancy prevention programs.
States may elect to create a challenge grant system, whereby a certified
program could be guaranteed a dollar for dollar match for local funds that are
raised beyond the minimum match required by the State.
Thanks to all of you whose ideas. are in this paper! More thoughts?
Please fill in the attached survey that is based on the content of this paper and
fax to Linda Forsyth, The California Commission on Improving Life Through
Service, at (916) 323-3227. E-mail comments should be sent to:
[email protected]
10
]
shirley -
Rick:
11/28/95
Patty pulled these
John Walters agreed to
Per your
be the "negative" editor
If you want to continue
request, here Are
w/ your dea of pro-con Congres-
statements 11 "in
Sional Urewpoints for Acms,
somebody should send this (El
support" of
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latty
E2186
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
November 15, 1995
that serves as an inspiration to us all. I ask my
REQUEST TO DISCHARGE COMMIT-
the future, while showing no compassion for
colleagues to join me today in paying tribute to
TEE ON APPROPRIATIONS FROM
the children who walk among us today-de-
this outstanding American. His contributions to
FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF
spite the fact that the Republican budget takes
freedom's cause cannot be forgotten.
HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 119,
food out of mouths of poor children; takes the
FURTHER CONTINUING APPRO-
roof from over the heads of door seniors; and
PRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR
takes away health care services from pregnant
1996
women. These senior's and children's future
TRIBUTE TO BOY SCOUT TROOP 283
will be crippled and their very survival jeopard-
ized.
SPEECH OF
Mr. Speaker, the Republicans have never
HON. JIM RAMSTAD
HON. LOUIS STOKES
had any intention of sending the President a
OF MINNESOTA
OF OHIO
clean continuing resolution measure, or a
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
clean debt limit bill. The Republican touted
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
crown jewel in their contract-the tax cut give
Tuesday, November 14, 1995
Wednesday, November 15, 1995
away for the rich-knows no bounds. As early
Mr. STOKES, Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong
as April, House Speaker NEWT GINGRICH
Mr. RAMSTAD. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to
opposition to H.R. 2621, the bill which the Re-
vowed to create a titanic legislative standoff
pay tribute to the proud history, rich tradition
publicans say is to enforce the public debt
with the President by adding vetoed bills to
and remarkable accomplishments of Boy
limit and to protect the Social Security Trust
must pass debt ceiling legislation. As recently
Scout Troop 283 of Wayzata, MN, in my Third
Fund, and other Federal Trust fund accounts
as July, the GOP admitted that default was a
Congressional District.
invested in public debt obligation. Once again,
major political weapon in their arsenal. The
more Republican smoke and mirrors. Make no
Republicans' escalating mean spirited attack is
This Sunday, November 19, Troop 283 will
mistake about it, H.R. 2621 is the Repub-
firm evidence that they think that no child's cry
be celebrating its 80th anniversary.
licans' measure to force the Government to
is too harsh, and no senior's pain is too bitter
I am particularly proud of Boy Scout Troop
default on its obligations.
to forgo their tax cut give away to the rich.
283 since it is based at my own Wayzata
It is appalling for the Republicans to hold
Over the past 11 months, the Nation has
Community Church. I know the great work this
the country, and the American people hostage
witnessed the unfolding of the Republicans'
troop has done and its commitment to excel-
to their politically contrived and premeditated
premeditated assault on the most vulnerable
train wreck. Is there no limit to the extreme
in our society-children and the elderly. Nearly
lence.
tactics that the Republicans will use to force a
6 weeks into the new fiscal year, work on 10
Boy Scout Troop 283 has represented the
tax cut for the wealthy. The Republicans have
of the 13 appropriations bills is still pending.
highest standards in Scouting for eight dec-
forced the Federal Government to shut down;
The Republicans are dragging their feet. If
ades. The hundreds of Scouts and their many
are striving to force the Government to renege
Speaker GINGRICH and his cohorts performed
volunteer leaders have displayed an inspiring
on its debts; are bent on forcing seniors to pay
their responsibilities in a timely and respon-
dedication through these past 80 years which
more for less health care; are set of forcing
sible manner, there would be no need to bring
has had a powerful and positive impact on the
poor children and pregnant women to go with-
the Federal Government to a halt.
quality of life in our area.
out critical health care services; and are set
With each day of the Republican-forced shut
on forcing college students to pay more for
down of the Federal Government, 20 thousand
The young people of today, who now more
their college education. Despite the fact the
new Social Security claims will not be proc-
than ever need strong adult guidance and pa-
Republicans' budget defies logic and common
essed. With each day of the Republican-
rental involvement in learning valuable skills
sense, they want to force the President to
forced shut down of the Federal Government,
that will help them mature into good citizens,
agree to their life threatening budget provi-
2,500 to 3,000 veterans' benefits claims will
have been extremely well-served by the gen-
sions.
not be processed. The American people must
erous and dedicated volunteers and parents
Now, they have introduced H.R. 2621 a
not be held hostage to the GOP's tax cut for
who have led Troop 283 through the years.
measure strictly designed to back the country
the rich.
Troop 283's emphasis on providing our
into a corner, and to force the Government to
Again, I applaud President Clinton for
young people with positive role models, the
default-all this destruction, just to give a tax
vetoing the Republicans' life threatening budg-
importance of community service to help peo-
cut to the rich. The Republicans' tantrum tac-
et and debt ceiling measures. I commend him
tics must end.
for his principled stand to protect the American
ple in the need and protect the environment,
Mr. Speaker, a family would not pay off its
people. And, I join President Clinton in con-
and the critical value of exercising active,
good citizenship has been truly remarkable.
mortgage in 7 years it if meant that they had
demning the Republican leadership for its
There is no price you can pláce on that kind
to take food out of the mouths of their chil-
shameful attempt to blackmail the oval office
of public service, leadership, and good citizen-
dren. Both food and shelter are a necessity, it
by holding seniors, children, veterans, and our
is not a one, or the other situation. The Re-
Nation's economy hostage.
ship.
publicans need to take a lesson from families.
Mr. Speaker, I strongly believe that it is the
The participation of adult volunteers and the
Families sensibly balance their responsibilities.
height of irresponsibility for the Republicans in
Scouts of Troop 283 will continue to make a
Families sensibly spread their debt-and their
Congress to force American citizens to suffer
huge difference in the future of our commu-
payments for services over time.
inconvenience and hardship simply because
nity, State, and Nation. These young people
The Republican budget measure is not a
they are trying to score political points. I
are tomorrow's leaders and they are getting
balanced budget mechanism-it is a measure
strongly urge my colleagues to vote "no" on
that is specifically designed to destroy the
H.R. 2621.
the skills, knowledge, moral guidance, and in-
spiration they need to keep America the great-
quality of life for the most vulnerable in our so-
est country in the world and a lighthouse for
ciety-children and the elderly. Those who
SALUTE TO AMERICORPS
freedom and liberty into the 21st century.
have entrusted us with their future, and who
PARTICIPANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA
are most vulnerable to the Republicans' as-
Everyone who has been involved with Boy
sault.
Scout Troop 283 through the years is to be
HON. TIM JOHNSON
I applaud the President for this strong lead-
congratulated on their invaluable 80-year in-
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
ership, and wholeheartedly support his veto of
vestment in the future of our Nation. Troop
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
the Republicans' front-loaded continuing reso-
283 has our deepest admiration and sincerest
lution, and debt limit measures.
Wednesday, November 15, 1995
gratitude for a job well done, as well as our
Day after day, we have heard our Repub-
Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Speak-
best wishes for the future.
lican colleagues refer to Medicaid and Medi-
er, I rise today to commend the participants of
On behalf of all the people in our area, I
care as "socialized programs." We have heard
the second AmeriCorps team in South Dakota.
wholeheartedly thank Boy Scout Troop 283 for
them use phrases like "we have to get on with
On October 24, 1995, at an Oath of Service
its contributions to making our area a great
it," "the pain is not so severe," and "we have
ceremony in Rosebud, SD, 15 dedicated indi-
place to live, work, and raise a family.
to hold the President's feet to the fire." We
viduals committed themselves to 1 year of
have also continuously heard the Republicans
community service in South Dakota as partici-
speak with concern for the unborn children of
pants in the AmeriCorps Program. I strongly
November 15, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
E2187
support the concept of national community
energies to making the Federal Government
this neglected area of Los Angeles. Through
service, and I commend each of the partici-
work better to serve the public. Trained at
the program's grassroots leadership training
pants who will provide much-needed assist-
Harvard and the University of Michigan, Dr.
and support of existing and emerging commu-
ance to communities all over the country.
Scarr chose to devote his considerable talent
nity based organizations, MALDEF plays an
The AmeriCorps team will be working on
to public service, and we are all the better for
important role in opening new doors of access
two projects both of which will help rebuild
it.
for Latinos.
rural America and protect the environment.
There are a number of sensitive positions in
Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me
The first project, headquartered at the Bad
the Federal Government that require a man-
today in honoring this distinguished graduates.
River watershed area in Ft. Pierre, SD, in-
ager with both skill and tact. Dr. Scarr held
From the Technical Assistance Program the
volves five members of the AmeriCorps team,
several of those posts. During the 1970's he
graduates are: Maria Alvarez; Marina Alvarez;
and focuses OR range and water quality im-
worked at the Department of Justice guiding
Sonia Alvarez; Rosa Avelar; Gloria Barragan;
provements, as well as youth and adult edu-
policy and planning decisions for research and
Maria Campos; Kwame Cooper; Eduardo
cation projects. The second project on the
statistics on the Federal Justice System.
Rosebud Reservation involves a 10-member
Cordero; Jeanette Lopez Escobar; Maria Flo-
Among the positions he held there were the
res; Grace Galindo; Rudy Garavito; Maria
team which is helping with locally identified
assistant director in the Office of Policy and
Gonzales; Vivian Harmon; Ramiro Hernandez;
projects. These projects include range im-
Planning, administrator of the Federal Justice
Letisia Mauricio; Bertha Melgoza; Gloria
provement, water quality activities, and other
Research Program, and Director of the Bureau
locally identified natural resource improvement
Mendez; Dina Moreno; Maria T. Palacios;
of Justice Statistics.
projects.
Faustina Palomares; Yolanda Perales;
In the 1980's he moved to the Department
I am confident that the experiences of the
Eduardo Peregrina; Sonia Ramos; Ana Maria
of Commerce Economic and Statistics Admin-
participants as members of AmeriCorps will
Rodriguez; Irma Rodriguez; Maria Rubalcava;
istration. He subsequently was appointed Dep-
establish a lasting ethic of civic duty in each
Gloria Saldana; Reina Schmitz; Leticia Vega;
uty and then Acting Director of the Census
of them. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I wish to rec-
Laura Villegas, and Enrique Carrillo.
Bureau. Dr. Scarr brought stability to the Cen-
ognize each member of the second
Graduating from the Leaders of the Future
sus Bureau which was without a director for a
AmeriCorps team of South Dakota: Matthew
Program are: Gloria Barragan; Maria Campos;
year and a half.
Blumer, Ft. Pierre, SD; Kevin Boyd, Rosebud,
Magdalena Cervantes; Maria Dubon; Maria
SD; Roger Brush Breaker, Rosebud, SD;
The Federal Government has many dedi-
Gonzalez; Evelia Landaverde; Margarita
Michele Edelbach, Ft. Pierre, SD; Harvey Elk
cated and hard working employees. The dedi-
Landeros; Rosalia Lucero; Gloria Mendez;
Looks Back, Rosebud, SD; Paula Hoerner, Ft.
cation and contribution of Dr. Harry Scarr was
Ana Alicia Munoz; Sara Olivera; Eduardo
among its best.
Pierre, SD; Kathy Knife, Rosebud, SD; Lester
Peregrina; Guillermina Perez; Alicia Ramirez;
Leader Charge, Rosebud, SD; Joseph Nich-
Estela Tortoledo; Hermelinda Gonzalez; Sonia
ols, Ft. Pierre, SD; Clarence Poorman, Rose-
Alvarez; Maria Alvarez; Wendy Rivera; Laura
IN RECOGNITION OF THE SECOND
bud, SD; Pat Buscher, Ft. Pierre, SD; John
Villegas; Fermin Rivera; Marina Meraz; Ivone
SOUTH CENTRAL LEADERSHIP
Sitting Bear, Rosebud, SD; Melvin Staples,
PROGRAM GRADUATION CERE-
Garcia; Maria Palacios; Ana Maria Rodriguez;
Rosebud, SD; Richard Traversie, Rosebud,
MONY
Enrique Carrillo; Marcos Aguilar; Pastel
SD; and Emily White Hat, Rosebud, SD. I am
Mireles; Maria Ortiz, and Salvador Rios.
confident that the work of these individuals will
HON. ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES
not only provide much-needed assistance to
the Rosebud Reservation and the Bad River
OF CALIFORNIA
IN HONOR OF S. REID GUSTAFSON
watershed project, but also that the next year
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
will be immensely rewarding for each of the
Wednesday, November 15, 1995
HON. ZOE LOFGREN
participants. I congratulate each participant on
OF CALIFORNIA
Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, on November
their commitment to service and to furthering
17, 1995, the Mexican American Legal De-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
their education-I firmly believe that education
fense and Educational Fund [MALDEF] will
Wednesday, November 15. 1995
is essential to a productive life and vital to
hold its second South Central Leadership Pro-
American efforts to remain a first-class eco-
Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Speaker, it is a distinct
gram Graduation Ceremony. At the ceremony,
nomic power.
privilege for me to rise today to recognize and
Today, I would also like to commend the
100 graduates of the program will be honored
honor S. Reid Gustafson, a man who, for
USDA for its innovative and extensive partici-
for their successful completion of the program
many years, has contributed greatly to the
and dedication to community service in the
pation in AmeriCorps, and the members of the
community of Santa Clara County, CA.
South Central Los Angeles area.
Rosebud Sioux Tribe. AmeriCorp-Team USDA
On Tuesday, the 21st of November, 1995,
This year were four projects: the Youth and
provides for a truly unique partnership involv-
Mr. Gustafson is being honored as the 1995
Parent Empowerment Conference, the Citizen-
ing tribal, State, and Federal Government, and
Distinguished Citizen, at the 21st Annual Dis-
ship Conference, the Economic Development
this effort will address a lot of the traditional
tinguished Citizen Award Dinner of the Santa
Conference, and Alternative Methods for Edu-
native concerns for the environment. So, as
Clara County Council of the Boy Scouts of
cation. The Youth and Parent Empowerment
the GOP threatens to terminate funding for
America. The dinner will take place in the Im-
Conference deserves special merit for its col-
AmeriCorp, I am proud that rural enhancement
perial Ballroom of the Fairmont Hotel in San
laborative effort with the leadership develop-
and environmental protection is taking place in
Jose, CA. I am honored to join with the Santa
ment in inter-ethnic relations program. The
the great State of South Dakota and I believe
Clara County Council of the Boy Scouts of
Citizenship Conference, with assistance from
that these programs are examples of why the
America in congratulating Mr. Gustafson on
the National Association of Appointed and
this momentous occasion.
continuation of the AmeriCorps program is
Elected Officials [NALEO], resulted in the
critically important.
As the Santa Clara County Council of the
processing of more than 100 applications for
Boy Scouts of America has noted in their
citizenship. The Economic Development Con-
event program from the Distinguished Citizen
IN APPRECIATION OF DR. HARRY
ference, working with L.A. Councilman Mark
Award Dinner, Mr. Gustafson is, "a person
SCARR
Ridley Thomas' district 8, enlisted several or-
who exemplifies a commitment to the commu-
ganizations, such as Bank of America, the
nity, integrity and leadership." Those who
HON. CARDISS COLLINS
Mexican American Opportunities Foundation,
know Reid Gustafson know that his spirit and
and the University of Southern California, to
OF ILLINOIS
dogged commitment of the community, make
name a few, and designed new strategies and
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
it a better place for all of us to live and work.
opportunities for local economic growth. The
By profession, Mr. Gustafson is a leader in
Wednesday, November 15, 1995
alternative method for education project, using
the housing industry, having been president of
Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I join
the Montessori School Model, shared the suc-
Shea Holmes of northern California for the last
with Chairman BILL CLINGER in expressing our
cesses of the tested and innovative approach
12 years. In spite of a very busy work sched-
deepest sympathy to the wife and children of
to education.
ule, Mr. Gustafson has also found the time to
Dr. Harry Scarr, the Deputy Director of the
The South Central Leadership Program is
become involved in numerous community pro-
Census Bureau.
another example of MALDEF's efforts to help
grams and activities, and is a role model for
Dr. Scarr is one of those outstanding indi-
the Latino community build and strengthen the
all of US in terms of his outstanding commit-
viduals who devoted his professional time and
social, economic, and political infrastructure in
ment to community service. From a personal
November 15, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
H 12387
somehow assert their will in the Con-
tional Endowment for the Humanities,
propriate funds with the right prior-
gress of the United States and some-
and as to the native Americans, it guts
ities.
how get through a bill that looks like
the programs that will help educate
Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Speaker. I
mining reform, smells like mining re-
their children. This legislation bars the
yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from
form, but is reform only in the sense of
listing of additional endangered spe-
California [Mr. FARR].
a piece of paper but has no substantive
cies. It does not extend the morato-
Mr. FARR. Mr. Speaker, I thank the
reform underneath it, then in fact the
rium on transferring the mineral-rich
gentleman for yielding to me this time.
moratorium disappears.
Federal lands to private owners. It
Mr. Speaker, this bill probably
The American people grow up being
overturns a key provision of the Cali-
speaks more to the values that we in
taught that pennies are made out of
fornia Desert Protection Act, which
Congress have toward the esthetics of
copper. But if you are a foreign mine
designates the Mojave National Pre-
America, its land, its people, and cer-
operator, they are made out of gold.
serve as a unit of the national park
tainly its arts. The gentleman from
The gold of the American taxpayer is
system.
Ohio [Mr. REGULA] is probably one of
being handed over to foreign mining
Yes, it places new restrictions on the
the finest Members of this House, and
operators simply because we do not
National Endowment for the Arts
it is a tough thing to bring this thing
have the will in the Congress of the
grant. This legislation wants to nega-
to the floor in the shape it is in.
United States to stand up to them. We
tively legislate the NEA out of exist-
Mr. Speaker, I stand today in opposi-
have got a Republican Congress sitting
ence. Nobody wants to talk about that,
tion to the rule, and hopefully it will
here telling us today that we have got
the question of the arts and the First
be defeated. If it is not, I hope that the
to raise Medicare premiums, that we
Amendment and the idea of children
bill is defeated and recommitted as it
have got to raise the rates on senior
understand their Art heritage, arts in
was once before, for several reasons.
citizens in elderly housing, that we
First of all, the taxpayers are still
rural and inner-city schools is being.
have got to raise the price of a college
This is not about obscenity. This is
ripped off under this bill, particularly
about the National Endowment for the
as the mining process goes. It defers to
education, that we are going to take
the authorizing bill, which makes it
the meals away from elderly people,
Arts providing programs for our rural
worse, so by adopting this bill and then
but when it comes to big foreign min-
hamlets and urban centers. In my dis-
leading us to the authorizing bill, we
ing operations, oh, boy, we can find the
trict this hurts the Ensemble theatre,
are not getting a fair shake for the
dollars to subsidize them.
MECA, the Houston Ballet, Kuumba
American taxpayer.
There is no real attempt to reform
House, and the Houston Grand Opera.
Second, the public gets cheated on
the foreign mining operations in this
This bill hurts our Museums national
the issue of the Endangered Species
bill. There is an attempt to pretend on
and local (like Houston's Museum of
Act. It prohibits adding species not in
the floor of the Congress of the United
Fine Arts). This bill cuts grants award
the jurisdiction of the appropriations
States that we have foreign mining op-
going to our starving artists so they
committee. It is in the jurisdiction
erations that are going to adhere to
will not be able to produce the Nation's
committee, and this bill prohibits any
some new standard, but underneath it
art. Yet we say we do not care about
endangered species from being added.
everyone knows that follows this place
this. We do not care about the art of
Third, the bill cripples the Columbia
that all those guys come in here with
this Nation or the history of this Na-
River Basin from the ability to create
their contributions, they come in here
tion, and we are not supporting the
a sustainable timber harvest, at the
and are able to somehow assert their
fact that our history is the very man-
same time protecting the salmon runs,
will on the majority and be able to get
ner by which we preserve our past.
which are so vital to the local econ-
the kind of consideration that no poor
1530
omy.
person in the United States of America
Fourth, it puts a moratorium on the
can expect to get in this Congress these
The National Service Program. the
development of Federal energy effi-
days.
AmeriCorps Program, which has been
ciency standards.
So I ask the people of this country,
so successful in helping young people
Fifth, and worst of all, it cuts the
to, please, wake up; please, recognize
help their communities and go to col-
subvention to State and local govern-
that if you want a balanced budget, let
lege too! They work in cities and rural
ments for acquisition of lands to en-
us go after foreign miners, not after
areas across this Nation. In Houston in
hance the quality of life issues, that
the working people and the poor of this
the 18th Congressional District, they
enhance the local economies. It locks
country.
work with those unable to read, teach-
up over $11.1 billion in the bank. This
Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Speaker, I
ing them to read as they work in inner-
money is made from the sale of public
yield 3 minutes to the gentlewoman
city schools. These AmeriCorps stu-
resources, and does not give it back,
from Texas [Ms. JACKSON-LEE].
dents, under this bill see their funding
does not reinvest, does not do what
(Ms. JACKSON-LEE asked and was
gutted.
most things do when you try to run
given permission to revise and extend
That is what is wrong with the appro-
Government like a business, reinvest in
her remarks.)
priations process. There are no prior-
its resources.
Ms. JACKSON-LEE, Mr. Speaker,
ities. We want this Government to
This bill locks that money up. These
what we are doing here as far as the
work, we want the doors to be open, we
moneys should be reinvested, allowing
American people are concerned is, yes,
want to bring people back to work so
us to create the esthetics that are es-
dealing with the question of appropria-
they can serve the American people,
sential for local communities to be a
tions, in this instance the Interior ap-
and, yes, we have agreed, over and over
nice place to live. It fails to reinvest in
propriations bill, and I guess the confu-
again, the Democrats, to a balanced
America. That is why the rule should
sion is that they are seeing the Govern-
budget. What we have not agreed to is
be defeated. If the rule passes, the bill
ment not work, and we are now on the
the list of priorities.
should be defeated.
House floor talking about appropria-
Mr. Speaker, I would simply ask my
Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Speaker, I
tions.
colleagues on the other side of the
yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
I wish this had been done some time
aisle, let the Interior bill conferees go
Minnesota [Mr. VENTO].
ago. But it is all a question of prior-
back, and be fair with the dollars that
(Mr. VENTO asked and was given
ities. I just voted for an appropriation
the American people have entrusted to
permission to revise and extend his re-
also bill on Treasury and Postal and
them. Do not give $270 billions in tax
marks.)
the reason is because there was a com-
cuts to the rich and then gut programs
Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, I rise in
promise there. But this has no sense of
governing our environment, our Arts,
opposition to this rule. The reason that
compromise. This has no understand-
our history and the American Indian.
this bill and appropriation bill needs a
ing of what the American people have
Do not take arts and history away
rule is because, as the ranking member
been saying.
from our children and deprive us of an
stated, this bill goes well beyond a
Because is guts energy conservation
environment that we can stand for and
straight appropriations bill. In fact, it
programs, it certainly guts the Na-
support. I just ask for a sense of fair-
gets into the heart of writing and re-
tional Endowment for the Arts, the Na-
ness in this whole process. We must ap-
writing almost 30 years of land use and
October 19, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S15367
business. How ingenuous can you get? Under
[NLRA] which authorizes the imposi-
Journal of October 11 be printed in the
the old loan system still being used by most
tion of forced union dues contracts on
RECORD.
schools, a student applies to a bank for a
employees.
The editorial follows:
loan. Checking his or her qualifications is a
loan guarantee agency. commonly run by
Nearly every poll taken on this issue
[From the Providence (RI) Journal, Oct. 11,
state governments, but also by private enter-
over the last few decades has shown
1995]
prise. The agencies then issue a guarantee of
that about 8 out of 10 Americans are
THE CHALLENGE OF AMERICORPS
repayment to the banks. The federal govern-
opposed to forcing workers to pay
(By Lawrence K. Fish)
ment pays banks subsidies to forgive part of
union dues. It is tough to get 8 out of
Not surprisingly, the debate in Washington
the interest payments and pays fees to the
10 Americans to agree on anything. I
over continued funding of the Corporation
guarantee agencies for their services.
think this is a call for action.
for National Service has become laser-fo-
If a student defaults on a loan, the bank is
reimbursed-making student loans the safest
And if you look at job creation in
cused on the politics of embarrassing Presi-
loans a bank can make. Loan guarantee
States that have implemented right to
dent Clinton, and not on the people for whom
agencies are paid fees to hound defaulters. Is
work laws, it is hard to ignore the re-
AmeriCorps has been a ringing success.
this not big government? Can this be free en-
sults. Hundreds of thousands of manu-
And the reason is not surprising. It is that
Washington, to the frustration of just about
terprise?
facturing jobs have been created in
everyone outside the District of Columbia,
There's more. The old system created a
right-to-work States. And in forced-un-
just can't resist playing an inside-the-Belt-
secondary loan business, including the huge
ionism States, hundreds of thousands
way version of Gotcha! From the politicians
public-private Sallie Mae association based
of jobs have been lost.
to the pundits to the press, the emphasis re-
in Washington. and smaller ones, like one
mains on the politics of issues, not on the
operated by the Illinois Student Assistance
I have supported this bill in the past
Commission. These groups make money by
and I truly believe that this is the year
substance of issues or their impact on real
buying loans from banks and packaging
to finally make this change. Working
people.
For whom has AmeriCorps been successful?
them in large blocks for resale. They were
men and women in Montana want the
It's been a success here in Rhode Island to
created by Congress and the states to free
freedom to work and they are not
the 250 AmeriCorps members who have
money for more student loans, but as was
alone. I urge my colleagues to listen to
signed up for this domestic Peace Corps and
said of some missionaries to Hawaii, Sallie
what their constituents are saying as
whose efforts. mostly in education, have
Mae and its emulators came to do good and
well. If you do, you will feel compelled
made better, dramatically better, the lives
ended up doing well. They are big businesses
to join me and the other cosponsors in
of thousands of our neighbors. Giver and re-
with highly paid executives.
supporting the National Right to Work
ceiver have been enriched by the effort, and
The direct loan program, a plan advanced
by Sen. Paul Simon (D-Makanda), elimi-
Act.
for that, Rhode Island is a better place.
Let me try to explain why AmeriCorps'
nated this entire pyramid. No government
success here in Rhode Island ought to serve
subsidy or risk-free lending for banks, no
as a model for programs in the 49 other
government payments to loan-guarantee
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUED
states, and why that success and our promise
agencies, no Sallie Maes with executives
FEDERAL
SUPPORT
FOR
for the future stand as far more compelling
paid from profits extracted from government
AMERICORP
points in the debate than political one-
loan subsidies.
upmanship.
But odds are increasing that Congress this
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, this month
AmeriCorps members have served in cities
fall will stop the direct loan program in its
marks the start of a new class of
and towns from Woonsocket to Newport,
tracks, led by the same people who claim
AmeriCorps members who are dedi-
bringing with them a wealth of desire, expe-
they are trying to get government off our
backs. And so far, it seems to be going down
cated to serving this Nation. As
rience and cultural diversity. They have got-
AmeriCorps celebrates its first success-
ten results-good results that are measur-
like a cold, sweet Coke on a hot summer's
day.
ful year and the new class begins its
able. You can see the results on paper and
service, I would like to take this oppor-
you can see them on the faces of children
getting their first "A's" and in adults read-
tunity to reiterate my support for con-
ing for the first time.
NATIONAL RIGHT TO WORK ACT
tinued Federal funding of this impor-
Rhode Island's AmeriCorps program has
Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I am
tant national service initiative.
been very successful-and has been recog-
pleased to add my name as a cosponsor
Over the past year, 20,000 AmeriCorps
nized as such. For the second straight year,
to S. 581, the National Right to Work
members worked in schools, hospitals,
after a very competitive process that pitted
Act. As a strong supporter of the right
national parks, and law enforcement
us against 49 other states, we received more
to work, I feel this legislation is vital.
organizations to meet the most crucial
AmeriCorps funding on a per capita basis
We have spent the first part of this
needs of individual communities.
than any other state. In this our second year
Rhode Island will field 250 AmeriCorps mem-
Congress fighting for freedom-the
AmeriCorps clearly helps to provide a
bers in eight programs that will touch the
freedom from Government interven-
more promising future for Americans
lives of thousands of our neighbors. Once
tion, the freedom of speech, the free-
by expanding educational opportunities
again, they will work predominantly in edu-
dom to choose your health care and
for the young whole simultaneously
cation, because that's where many believe
even the freedom to succeed. This bill,
improving the public services in hun-
the greatest need is.
though it does not add a single letter
dreds of communities.
Linking public service and education, we
In my own State of Rhode Island,
approached the leaders of the state's col-
to Federal law, guarantees the freedom
AmeriCorps has been particularly suc-
leges, universities and technical schools to
to work free of union imposition.
see if they would accept our AmeriCorps
Why is this important? Americans
cessful due to the efforts of Lawrence
challenge to inaugurate a public-private
have always been independent. No mat-
K. Fish, chairman of the Rhode Island
partnership from which they will get the les-
ter where they came from, they came
Commission for National and Commu-
sons of service and commitment from
to America to see their hard work pay
nity Service. Mr. Fish challenged high-
AmeriCorps veterans and to which they will
off. And they are not afraid of hard
er education institutions in Rhode Is-
provide a quality education.
work. This is especially true of Mon-
land to grant scholarships to
The Rev. Philip Smith of Providence Col-
tanans.
AmeriCorps members. Many of our col-
lege was the first to meet the challenge. and
But when a worker is forced to pay
leges and universities answered Mr.
Vartan Gregorian of Brown was close behind."
They were followed almost immediately by
union dues in order to get a job or keep
Fish's challenge and have begun lend-
our other higher-education leaders-Bob
a job, they have lost part of their free-
ing their support in the form of college
Carothers of URI, Sister Therese Antone of
dom. They may get some benefits from
scholarships. His endeavor to expand
Salve Regina, Bill Trueheart of Bryant,
joining a union-I am not saying there
AmeriCorps has offered more students
Roger Mandle of RISD, Jack Yena of John-
is no role for unions here-but they
access to an otherwise unaffordable
son and Wales and Ed Liston of CCRI. I men-
lose the freedom to choose.
education. Mr. Fish's exemplary work
tion them to dramatize that AmeriCorps
Mr. President, Congress created the
in Rhode Island serves as the quin-
runs cost-effective, successful, nonpartisan
law which allows union officials to
tessential example of building the nat-
programs.
I accompanied the presidents of seven of
force dues in any State back in 1935.
ural bridge between public service and
the state's public and private colleges and
Now we need to correct that. All we
educational opportunities. In this re-
universities to Washington for meetings on
need to do is to repeal that portion of
gard, I ask that an opinion editorial by
Capitol Hill and in the White House. There
the National Labor Relations Act
Lawrence Fish from the Providence
we outlined the Rhode Island Challenge to
S15368
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
October 19, 1995
Higher Education, a challenge to provide
by offering to build the SEC a new
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES EMER-
scholarships to AmeriCorps members that
headquarters building in Silver Spring,
GENCY LEAVE TRANSFER ACT
complement the stipends they receive for
MD. The plaintiff alleges in this law-
OF 1995
their year of service. The result is a win/win
for both sides: Higher education gets the
suit that the Government violated pro-
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan-
kind of committed students who are poten-
curement law in connection with the
imous consent that the Senate proceed
tial campus leaders; and AmeriCorps mem-
SEC headquarters procurement.
to the immediate consideration of Cal-
bers pass through another gateway to oppor-
The Government has determined that
endar No. 197, S. 868
tunity.
the group of individuals who may have
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
The foundation for the Rhode Island Chal-
relevant information about this case
lenge to Higher Education was laid a year
clerk will report.
includes two employees on Senator
ago. Rhode Island's bipartisan congressional
The legislative clerk read as follows:
SARBANES' staff. In addition to his in-
delegation, each member of which played a
A bill (S. 868) to provide authority for
role in the passage of the legislation that
terest in this matter arising out of the
leave transfer for Federal employees who are
brought about AmeriCorps, joined other dig-
SEC's potential selection of a site in
adversely affected by disasters or emer-
nitaries at Slater Junior High School in
Maryland for its headquarters building,
gencies, and for other purposes.
Pawtucket in AmeriCorps's debut. The set-
Senator SARBANES is the ranking mi-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
ting, a junior high school in the heart of one
nority member of the Committee on
objection to the immediate consider-
of our older, struggling cities, provided a fit-
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs,
ation of the bill?
ting backdrop for the Rhode Island
which has oversight jurisdiction over
There being no objection, the Senate
AmeriCorps members and the educational
the SEC.
proceeded to consider the bill.
programs they would serve.
Senator SARBANES would like the
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan-
In the year since, AmeriCorps members
have farmed out across the state, serving as
Senate to authorize the employees in
imous consent that the bill be deemed
teachers' assistants in public schools, tutors
his office to testify in response to the
read a third time and passed; that the
in after-school mentoring programs, and
Government's request. This resolution
motion to reconsider be laid upon the
teaching English as a Second Language and
would authorize them to testify with
table; and that any statements relating
GED classes to adults. And they've had an
representation by the Senate legal
to the bill be placed at the appropriate
impact, all because they are 100 percent be-
counsel.
place in the RECORD.
hind keeping their end of a bargain to make
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
AmeriCorps work the way in which Congress
sent that the resolution be agreed to;
objection, it is so ordered.
and the President intended.
that the motion to reconsider be laid
So the bill (S. 868) was deemed read
Rhode Islanders would have been proud to
have joined me and some of the presidents in
upon the table; and that any state-
the third time and passed, as follows:
the White House Cabinet Room recently
ments relating to the resolution appear
S. 868
when we introduced the Rhode Island Chal-
at the appropriate place in the RECORD.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep-
lenge to Higher Education to President Clin-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
resentatives of the United States of America in
ton. From the smallest state to the other 49
objection, it is so ordered. Without ob-
Congress assembled, That this Act may be
came the challenge for their colleges and
jection, the preamble is agreed to.
cited as the "Federal Employees Emergency
universities to match our commitment of
So the resolution (S. Res. 186) was
Leave Transfer Act of 1995".
scholarships to AmeriCorps members.
SEC. 2. (a) Chapter 63 of title 5. United
Our hope, and that of AmeriCorps members
agreed to.
States Code, is amended by adding after sub-
around the country and others committed to
The preamble was agreed to.
chapter V the following new subchapter:
public service, is that our Challenge to High-
The resolution, with its preamble, is
"SUBCHAPTER VI-LEAVE TRANSFER IN
er Education can help overcome the cyni-
as follows:
DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES
cism that has come to mark the debate in
S. RES. 186-
"§6391. Authority for leave transfer program
Washington.®
Whereas, the defendant in Triangle MLP
in disasters and emergencies.
United Partnership V. United States, No. 95-
"(a) For the purpose of this section-
430C, a civil action pending in the United
"(1) 'employee' means an employee as de-
ORDER OF PROCEDURE
States Court of Federal Claims, is seeking
fined in section 6331(1); and
testimony at a deposition from Charles Stek
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, first, I in-
"(2) 'agency' means an Executive agency.
and Rebecca Wagner, employees of the Sen-
"(b) In the event of a major disaster or
dicate there will be no further votes
ate who are on the staff of Senator Paul S.
emergency, as declared by the President,
this evening.
Sarbanes;
that results in severe adverse effects for a
Whereas, by the privileges of the Senate of
substantial number of employees, the Presi-
the United States and Rule XI of the Stand-
dent may direct the Office of Personnel Man-
AUTHORIZING TESTIMONY AND
ing Rules of the Senate, no evidence under
agement to establish an emergency leave
LEGAL REPRESENTATION
the control or in the possession of the Senate
transfer program under which any employee
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President. I ask unan-
can, by administrative or judicial process, be
in any agency may donate unused annual
taken from such control or possession but by
leave for transfer to employees of the same
imous consent that the Senate proceed
permission of the Senate:
or other agencies who are adversely affected
to the immediate consideration of S.
Whereas, when it appears that evidence
by such disaster or emergency.
Res. 186, submitted earlier by Senator
under the control or in the possession of the
"(c) The Office of Personnel Management
DOLE and Senator DASCHLE.
Senate is needed for the promotion of jus-
shall establish appropriate requirements for
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
tice, the Senate will take such action as will
the operation of the emergency leave trans-
clerk will report.
promote the ends of justice consistent with
fer program under subsection (b), including
The legislative clerk read as follows:
the privileges of the Senate:
appropriate limitations on the donation and
Whereas, pursuant to sections 703(a) and
use of annual leave under the program. An
A resolution (S. Res. 186) to authorize tes-
704(a)(2) of the Ethics in Government Act of
employee may receive and use leave under
timony by Senate employees and representa-
1978, 2 U.S.C. §§ 288B(a) and 288c(a)(2), the
the program without regard to any require-
tion by Senate legal counsel.
Senate may direct its counsel to represent
ment that any annual leave and sick leave to
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
employees of the Senate with respect to sub-
a leave recipient's credit must be-exhausted
objection to the immediate consider-
poenas or requests for testimony issued or
before any transferred annual leave may be
ation of the resolution?
made to them in their official capacities:
used.
There being no objection, the Senate
Now, therefore, be it
"(d) A leave bank established under sub-
proceeded to consider the resolution.
Resolved, That Charles Stek, Rebecca Wag-
chapter IV may, to the extent provided in
ner, and any other employee of the Senate
regulations prescribed by the Office of Per-
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, the U.S.
from whom testimony may be required are
sonnel Management, donate annual leave to
Government is the defendant in a pend-
authorized to testify and to produce docu-
the emergency leave transfer program estab-
ing case in the U.S. Court of Federal
ments in the case of Triangle MLP United
lished under subsection (b).
Claims arising out of a dispute with a
Partnership V. United States, except concern-
"(e) Except to the extent that the Office of
private real estate developer over the
ing matters for which a privilege should be
Personnel Management may prescribe by
Government's procurement to lease a
asserted.
regulation, nothing in section 7351 shall
new headquarters building for the Se-
SEC. 2. That the Senate Legal Counsel is
apply to nay solicitation, donation, or ac-
authorized to represent Charles Stek, Re-
curities and Exchange Commission.
ceptance of leave under this section.
becca Wagner, and any other employee of the
"(f) The Office of Personnel Management
The plaintiff developer responded to
Senate in connection with the testimony au-
shall prescribe regulations necessary for the
the Government's request for proposals
thorized by this resolution.
administration of this section.".
September 25, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S 14209
worst. But whatever the results, we are not
and Democrats alike have called for
TRIBUTE TO JASON REESE
going to give up on you. We're going to fight
greater personal responsibility, for in-
with you and for you all the way." I hugged
Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I would
creased involvement of citizens in our
her and thanked her for hanging in there
like to take the time today to com-
with me.
communities, for people pitching in to
mend a very special Tennessean who
If I have learned anything. it is that we
do what needs to be done to make
has shown tremendous strength of
never know when. how. or whom a serious
America as smart and safe and strong
character and a will to succeed. Jason
illness will strike. If and when it does, each
as we have dreamed it could be.
Reese is an 18-year-old from Morris-
one of us wants not simply the best possible
These are the very same goals of
town, TN, who has just been named the
care for our body but for our whole being.
I still am bound upon Lear's wheel of fire,
AmeriCorps, the new domestic Peace
Boys & Girls Club of America's 1995-96
but the love and devotion of my family and
Corps established by Congress only 2
National Youth of the Year for his
friends. and the deep caring and engagement
years ago. Just this past week, the first
commitment to community service,
of my caregivers, have been a tonic for my
20,000 AmeriCorps members completed
scholastic achievement, and leadership
soul and have helped to take some of the
their service in my State of Connecti-
skills.
sting from my scalding tears.
cut and all across the country. I know
Jason entered the competition for
how much they have achieved in Con-
National Youth of the Year when he
necticut.
became the Morristown Boys & Girls
TRIBUTE TO THE MISSOURI MER-
Club's Youth of the Month and later
CHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS
Forty percent of the 300 students tu-
their Youth of the Year. He was then
ASSOCIATION
tored by the University of Bridgeport
chosen Youth of the Year by the State
AmeriCorps members have increased
Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I rise
of Tennessee and the southeast re-
their levels of achievement in one or
today to pay a special tribute to the
gional representative for the national
more areas. AmeriCorps members in
Missouri Merchants and Manufacturers
competition. The finalists traveled to
the Leadership, Education and Athlet-
Association. I am very pleased to rec-
Washington. D.C. and were judged on
ics in Partnership [LEAP] program
ognize this organization for its 15 years
their activities in their local Boys &
trained 600 children to volunteer at the
of superior service to the Missouri
Girls Clubs, their values and integrity,
Special Olympics when they were held
business community.
their academic achievements, their
in New Haven. Community Action for
The Missouri Merchants and Manu-
service to their communities, and their
Greater Middlesex County was able to
facturers Association was formed in
commitment to their families.
bring over 60 volunteers to Christmas
As the National Youth of the Year,
1980. With hard work and untiring com-
in April, thanks to the presence of
Jason will have the opportunity to
mitment, the MMMA has grown into a
AmeriCorps members. They refurbished
meet with youth from Boys & Girls
strong, well respected voice in the leg-
15 bedrooms and 8 bathrooms at the
Clubs throughout the country and dis-
islative process representing over 5,000
Eddy Shelter and rehabilitated the
cuss the impact the programs can have
small and mid-sized businesses across
home of 90-year-old Alice Taylor, who,
on one individual. For years, Jason
the State of Missouri. It is actively in-
in her own lifetime has taken care of
lived without a male role model. But
volved in educating MMMA members
over 1,000 foster children, as well as
through drive and determination,
and serving as an advocate on State
raised her own 8 children.
Jason Reese overcame those obstacles,
legislative issues impacting businesses.
AmeriCorps offers an opportunity for
and he has become a role model for
While Governor of Missouri, I found
that the MMMA's active involvement
young people and Americans of all
other youths.
ages. It makes the dream of a college
Jason was abandoned by his father
in State legislative issues provided a
vital resource. As chairman of the
education a reality for families who
when he was a baby, and later his step-
work hard and play by the rules-while
father abandoned him and his two
Committee on Small Business, I highly
meeting compelling human needs in
younger stepbrothers. Jason grew up
value the insights they have shared on
numerous issues of great importance to
our communities in a cost effective
quickly. holding a part-time job, work-
America's business.
manner.
ing hard in school, and caring for his
brothers at home while his mother
The quality individuals that com-
Independent analyses show just how
worked and attended school. He also
prise the MMMA epitomize the kind of
cost-effective this initiative has been
joined the Boys & Girls Club in Morris-
dedication, work ethic and ideals nec-
in its first year. The GAO said that the
town, where he grew up in other ways.
essary to meet the ongoing challenges
Corporation for National Service's re-
There, he served as a junior staff mem-
and demands of the business commu-
sources total about $17,600 per member,
ber, a member of the Keystone Leader-
nity. Their leadership has influenced
which is not only in line with the Cor-
ship Club, and as a delegate to the
passage of important legislation and
poration's estimate of $18,800 per mem-
club's board of directors. He took part
provided dependable resources in many
ber but in line with what Congress au-
in most of the club's programs, and he
court cases to benefit employers. The
thorized.
learned the social and leadership skills
Missouri Merchants and Manufacturers
Mr. President. the only formal cost-
that he says gave him the motivation
Association will commemorate its 15th
benefit analysis of AmeriCorps, done
and self-esteem he needed to succeed in
anniversary at an annual fall dinner on
by four conservative economists, esti-
his school. community, and family.
September 30, 1995. It is my great
mated a return of $1.60 to $2.60 in direct
Outside of the Boys & Girls Club,
pleasure to congratulate the MMMA
benefits for every dollar AmeriCorps
Jason has volunteered in nursing
for this significant accomplishment.
invests.
homes, helped refurbish a local park,
and tutored younger children.
We need to build on this success, not
Throughout that time, he maintained a
THE AMERICORPS PROGRAM
walk away from it. The private sector
3.83 cumulative grade point average in
Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President,
poured $41 million in resources into
his advanced and college placement
over the last few months, there have
local AmeriCorps programs this last
curriculum at Morristown-Hamblen
been a number of speeches in this
year, a tremendous feat when you con-
School West. and he took on enough re-
Chamber and even more outside of it
sider that Congress had called for $32
sponsibilities at home to allow his
criticizing pointless partisanship. Al-
million in matching funds from all
mother to work and graduate from col-
though matters of philosophy and im-
sources. We've got an impressive pub-
lege with a degree in psychology.
plementation do frequently divide Sen-
lic/private partnership going here and
After 8 years in the Boys & Girls Club
ators on this side of the aisle from
we really need to nurture it.
and a lifetime of his own dedication,
those on the other side, the country
We won't find common ground or
Jason Reese has entered the University
has a right to expect that we will seize
reach higher ground if we turn national
of Tennessee at Knoxville as a fresh-
every chance to work together.
service into a partisan political foot-
man honors student in engineering. In
I would have thought that national
ball. We owe those 20,000 AmeriCorps
addition to being a National Merit
service provided a perfect opportunity
members-and all Americans-better
Scholar and a UT Centennial Scholar,
for that common ground. Republicans
than that.
Jason will receive a $10,000 scholarship
September 19, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
1807
I encourage similar action throughout the
THE ETHIC OF SERVICE
Politics can be expected to intrude upon
international community. A cursory look
will tell the casual observer that India is not
HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR.
nearly every policy debate. But Republicans
have alternative to killing AmeriCorps.
one nation. Rather it is a conglomeration of
OF INDIANA
They can recognize that the initiative's
many nations thrown together for adminis-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
foundations-responsibility, opportunity and
trative purposes by the British. With 18 offi-
cial languages, India is doomed to disinte-
Tuesday, September 19, 1995
citizenship-are distinctly Republican ideals
(advanced with eloquence in William F.
grate just as the former Soviet Union did.
Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, Leslie
Buckley's "Gratitude," although not an en-
Freedom for Khalistan and all the nations
Lenkowsky, president of the Hudson Institute
dorsement of a new program). And
living under Indian occupation is inevitable.
and member of the board of directors of the
AmeriCorps' structure places the bulk of the
The Sikh Nation's demand for an independ-
Corporation for National Service, has written a
money and much of the decisionmaking in
ent Khalistan is irrevocable, irreversible,
and nonnegotiable. We have been denied our
most enlightened and thoughtful article which
the hands of the states-thanks to Repub-
lican efforts when the legislation was drafted
right of self-determination too long. India's
was published by the Washington Times on
in 1993. Finally, despite the fracas within the
lip service to the principle holds no water.
August 4, 1995.
Beltway, in the heartland this thing is wild-
The time is now for the international com-
I insert the article in the RECORD.
ly popular-with Republican governors like
munity to pressure India with economic
[From the Washington Times, Aug. 4, 1995]
New Hampshire's Steve Merrill and many
sanctions to honor the freedom of Khalistan.
THE ETHIC OF SERVICE
others; with businessmen who like the re-
The time is now for the Indian government
(By Leslie Lenkowsky)
sults they see in their own markets; with or-
to sit down with the Sikh leadership and for-
dinary voters who (in Wall Street Journal
mally recognize the clear boundaries which
Today, the General Accounting Office is
polls) have wanted to defend AmeriCorps
separate Khalistan from India. Sikhs have
scheduled to issue the draft report of its
even more than Big Bird.
motto that says, "Khalsa Bagi Yan Badshah:
analysis of AmeriCorps, the 10-month-old na-
No. AmeriCorps won't revolutionize Amer-
Either the Sikhs rule themselves or they are
tional service program.
ica-whether it's Newt Gingrich's revolution
in rebellion." The Sikh nation will not rest
If some in Congress had their way. this
or Bill Clinton's. But it is making a dif-
until freedom is ours. It is our tradition. We
year would be AmeriCorps' last-the House
ference for America in a distinctly American
are secure in our right to self-determination,
voted Monday to provide no further funding.
way. And it deserves both time and construc-
and we will allow no foreign power to deter-
The GAO report, and my own experience as a
tive criticism. As the Congress and the presi-
mine our fate,
member of the board of directors overseeing
dent do the job they have been elected to
Thank you.
AmeriCorps, suggest the Senate should take
do-set national budget priorities-I would
a second look.
Here's what GAO concludes: AmeriCorps
encourage them to emphasize innovative
itself is investing slightly less per partici-
ways of using government to strengthen (not
CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE HONORED
pant than originally estimated. Other parts
overpower) communities and encourage the
FOR YEARS OF SERVICE
of the federal government are also providing
ethic of service. Those goals can provide real
support, in nearly exactly the amounts
meaning to the search for common ground.
HON. CAROLYN B. MALONEY
AmeriCorps had predicted.
Parts of the GAO Report will trigger de-
OF NEW YORK
bates between supporters and directors of
TRIBUTE TO THE 1995 INDUCTEES
AmeriCorps-including whether private sec-
TO THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
tor contributions, or state and local support,
HALL OF FAME
Tuesday, September 19, 1995
are a valuable benefit or just an addition to
cost. But the bottom line for Congress' con-
Mrs. MALONEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today
sideration should be that over which it has
HON. WILLIAM 0. LIPINSKI
to bring to the attention of my colleagues one
responsibility-the federal contribution-and
OF ILLINOIS
of New York City's great centers of Jewish re-
there, AmeriCorps is right on budget.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ligion and culture. Founded 156 years ago, the
GAO suggests that AmeriCorps is also on
Central Synagogue in Manhattan has played
mission. The audit teams found local pro-
Tuesday, September 19, 1995
an important role in the development and
grams doing exactly what Congress had in-
Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to
growth of New York's secular and religious
tended: rehabilitating housing, tutoring.
life.
analyzing crime statistics and developing
recognize the entrepreneurial achievements of
prevention measures, strengthening commu-
a select group of leaders from the Chicago
In addition to serving as a pillar of New
nities, encouraging responsibility and ex-
metropolitan business community. I am proud
York's Jewish community, the Central Syna-
panding opportunity.
to salute these entrepreneurs and founders of
gogue plays an active role in the community
These findings track an earlier cost/benefit
small and mid-sized businesses for their in-
at-large. The Synagogue, through its wonder-
study done by an impressive team of econo-
duction into the 11th Annual Entrepreneurship
ful members and staff, provides one-on-one
mists. Like GAO, the economists didn't es-
Hall of Fame, Thursday evening, October 19,
English lessons for recent immigrants, food for
tablish either AmeriCorps' costs or its bene-
350 homeless persons per week, and a city-
fits-but did present a well-reasoned esti-
1995, in Chicago.
mate of what AmeriCorps may produce, if
The Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies in
wide AIDS service.
programs are held to their contractual objec-
the College of Business Administration at the
Completed in 1872, the Syngogue itself is
tives.
University of Illinois at Chicago cofounded and
one of New York's greatest landmarks. The
Therein lies Congress' challenge. GAO
continues to sponsor the Entrepreneurship
imposing moorish sanctuary was designed by
shows that it would be disingenuous to kill
Hall of Fame, honoring outstanding business
Henry Fembach, the first Jewish American ar-
AmeriCorps on the basis of cost. It isn't cost-
leaders whose spirit and success help keep
chitect, and was subsequently designated as a
ing the taxpayer any more than was in-
America's business community strong and
National Landmark.
tended, and it is difficult to premise fiscal
vital.
salvation on a savings that amounts to less
Two years ago, the Synagogue embarked
than one-thirtieth of a penny on a tax dollar.
The sponsors, the Arthur Anderson Enter-
one of the most ambitious capital revitalization
Nor is it fair to attack AmeriCorps as the
prise Group, William Blair & Company, LaSalle
projects in the congregation's history. On Sep-
death-knell of selfless charity. AmeriCorps is
National Bank, Lord Bissell & Brook, and the
tember 28, 1995, the first step in this revital-
too small for that, and Americans are too
University of Illinois Chicago, have enabled
ization program will be completed when the
big. In the main, AmeriCorps members pro-
the university to cement this partnership and
sanctuary is finally rededicated. Having me-
vide local charities with useful resources
recognize outstanding entrepreneurs. The pro-
ticulously restored the stain glass window and
that can make more effective the voluntary
assistance you and I can provide.
gram is exceptional because it creates an ac-
facade, the Central Synagogue will once again
So should we worry about AmeriCorps
tive partnership between the academic and
assume its position as one of the most beau-
being a political Trojan Horse-or at least a
business communities. Students and entre-
titul and striking sights in New York.
stalking horse for Clinton-Gore '96. I have to
preneurs alike benefit from an exchange of
Mr. Speaker, there is a great deal to be
admit that I have been watching this topic
knowledge, experience and creativity.
proud of in New York City. The majesty, his-
very carefully. One test of intent and not
Today, I would like to congratulate these
tory and vitality of the Central Synagogue is
rhetoric came in the willingness to examine
leaders, each of whom is listed below, for
something that we can all take pride in. I con-
the activities of ACORN Housing Corpora-
tion. an investigation I pushed for as a Board
using their imagination and resources to foster
gratulate the Synagogue on the restoration of
Member. The Corporation for National Serv-
an excellent program which enhances the
its sanctuary and wish the entire congregation
ice did the right and thorough thing-and
quality of higher education and underscores
luck as it continues with its capital improve-
even the Washington Times praised the out-
the value of entrepreneurship in America. I am
ment campaign.
come.
sure that my colleagues join me in recognizing
September 12, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S13379
In my judgment, the questions raised
these investments. The returns from
sulted in this truly historic achieve-
by analysts about reducing the savings
investments other than municipal
ment.
deduction by the amount of tax-exempt
bonds would not be tax exempt unless
income can be resolved when the actual
the returns are reinvested in their en-
writing of tax reform legislation occurs
tirety. On the other hand, returns from
FEDERAL EXPRESS HUB AT SUBIC
in the future. It is my intention during
municipal bonds would be tax exempt
BAY
those deliberations to make sure that
and could be spent or reinvested with-
municipal bonds retain a preference.
out future income tax consequences. I
Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President. I rise
It is important to recognize that if
believe this is an equitable outcome re-
today to congratulate Federal Express
the USA tax plan were to be enacted it
garding the tax treatment of municipal
Corp. on the opening last week of its
would include significant incentives for
bonds. If another approach, consistent
new cargo hub at Subic Bay in the
savings and investment-the unlimited
with the overall goals of the USA pro-
Philippines. This is a very favorable
savings allowance-which defers Fed-
posal, especially revenue neutrality,
development for consumers of shipping
eral income taxes on any income saved
can be found in this area, I am more
services on both sides of the Pacific.
or invested. As individuals change
than willing to consider such propos-
As many will remember, Federal Ex-
their behavior to save and invest more,
als.
press had intended that its Subic Bay
the national savings pool will increase.
Mr. President, before yielding the
hub be fully operational in July. Unfor-
In addition, the USA tax removes the
floor, I would like to raise a final
tunately. even though the United
bias for companies to use debt financ-
point. I find it very interesting about
States/Japan bilateral aviation agree-
ing instead of equity financing. More
the absence of any concern about the
ment clearly authorized Federal Ex-
companies may choose equity financ-
elimination of any, I repeat any, pref-
press to do so, the Government of
ing. These changes in the business Tax
erence for municipal bonds under ei-
Japan refused to permit Federal Ex-
Code may lower the demand for bor-
ther the flat tax or the national sales
press to operate several flights from
rowing. Increasing the savings pool
tax proposals. I do not mind the criti-
Japan which were integral to its hub
will lower interest rates and the cost of
cism of our proposal. Constructive crit-
operation. In late July, Japan reversed
capital. Lower interest rates will bene-
icism is useful and can work to im-
its position and thereby enabled the
fit all Americans who have to borrow.
prove our proposal, but it would be re-
Subic Bay hub, the cornerstone of Fed-
Since States and municipalities are big
freshing to have an informed, factual
eral Express' intra-Asian network, to
borrowers because they issue large
comparison of all the tax replacement
become fully operational.
quantities of bonds, lower interest
proposals and their tax treatment of
As a result of the Subic Bay hub op-
rates should significantly benefit
municipal bonds, rather than a Chick-
eration, consumers will be able to rely
them, separate and apart from the spe-
en Little approach often evident today.
on expanded intra-Asian and trans-Pa-
cific USA tax provisions dealing with
cific service. However, consumer choice
the tax treatment of municipal bonds.
will not be the only benefit. A recent
I hope that this statement clarifies
MATCHING AWARDS FOR EDU-
article from the Journal of Commerce
matters for participants in the munici-
CATION
GRANTS
TO
predicts this expanded service will
pal bond market who may fear that ei-
AMERICORPS GRADUATES
come at a reduced cost to consumers.
ther the USA tax plan would penalize
Mr. PELL, Mr. President, I want to
One economist estimates the price of
them. or will make issuance of munici-
share with my colleagues an extremely
intra-Asian shipping may drop by as
pal bonds for legitimate governmental
exciting and momentous development
much as 25 percent as a result of com-
purpose more expensive in the future.
in regard to the AmeriCorps Program.
petition from Federal Express' intra-
Neither of those outcomes is the intent
Today, eight of Rhode Island's colleges
Asian network. I am confident the Fed-
of this Senator and I will do all I can
and universities are announcing that
eral Express experience in Subic Bay
to insure that neither occurs.
they have each agreed to match the
will again prove U.S. air carriers can
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I would
$4,725 education grant for every Rhode
compete effectively in any inter-
like join my good friend from New
Island AmeriCorps participant who
national market they have a chance to
Mexico in trying to alleviate the fears
successfully completes AmeriCorps
serve.
of those concerned about the USA tax
service and attends one of the partici-
With respect to the widespread bene-
proposal's treatment of municipal
pating Rhode Island institutions. As a
fits of the Subic Bay hub, the Journal
bonds. In crafting our proposal, we ex-
result of this commitment, the edu-
of Commerce article points out a very
plicitly elected to retain a preference
cation benefit for successful
interesting irony. By violating the
for investments in municipal bonds,
AmeriCorps participation will be at
United States/Japan bilateral aviation
and we did so primarily to preserve the
least $9,450.
agreement, the Government of Japan
ability of State and local governments
As one of the first proponents of na-
tried to prevent the Subic Bay hub
to obtain capital for needed infrastruc-
tional service and of linking successful
from opening. Yet, Japanese companies
ture improvements. It was never our
completion of service to an education
are among the first flocking to the
intention to undermine our country's
benefit, I believe this is a remarkable
Subic Bay area to set up operations so
municipal bond market.
and praiseworthy commitment to the
they can benefit from Federal Express'
As Senator DOMENICI pointed out,
concept of community service.
superior air delivery services. For ex-
some analysts believe the manner in
I take special pride in commending
ample, the Japan International Devel-
which our proposal is crafted could
each of those institutions for this su-
opment Organization is planning a 450-
erode substantially the current tax
perb commitment. They include: the
acre industrial park in the area which
preference for municipal bond invest-
University of Rhode Island, the Com-
will serve as a research and manufac-
ments. Others, including an editorial
munity College of Rhode Island, Brown
turing center for 10 Japanese compa-
at the Bond buyer, take a much more
University, Bryant College, Johnson
nies.
optimistic view and equate our pro-
and Wales University, Salve Regina
I ask unanimous consent that the ar-
posal as being far too generous in its
University. the Rhode Island School of
ticle from the Journal of Commerce to
treatment of municipal bonds. I believe
Design, and Providence College. I
which I have referred be printed in the
the truth falls somewhere in between
might add that several other institu-
RECORD at the end of my remarks.
these two analyses.
tions in Rhode Island are currently ex-
In the USA proposal. we have essen-
ploring this idea, and the number may
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
tially equalized the tax treatment of
well grow.
objection, it is so ordered.
all investments, including those invest-
I also want to pay special tribute to
(See exhibit 1.)
ments in municipal bonds. All invest-
Mr. Lawrence Fish, chief executive of-
Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, on
ments under the USA proposal are tax-
ficer of Citizens Financial Group in
several occasions during the pendency
deferred. However, the USA proposal
Providence, RI, who, as chair of the
of the United States/Japan cargo avia-
makes an important distinction about
Rhode Island Commission on National
tion dispute I cautioned that the eco-
the tax treatment of the returns from
Service, spearheaded the effort that re-
nomic stakes in that dispute were very
DeLAuro 60-minute Special Order ON Education
September 12, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
H8787
meaning your debt will go up by 25 per-
we are giving away 1 billion dollars'
the tuition paid, I had to take out
cent, and instead of owing $100,000 at
worth of public assets to a foreign com-
loans.
the end of your years in school, you
pany because the majority would not
If I had to face some of the chal-
will owe $125,000. That is being cut.
change a law that was passed in 1872?
lenges that we have heard about to-
Finally, the father in that family,
say he is one of those unfortunate ship-
2100
night, if I had to face immediate repay-
ment, I would not have been able, I
yard workers that our friend from
That is the priorities we have in this
would not have been able to succeed
Maine talked about or he is one of the
body today. It is wrong. And you have
and to get through the University of
workers at a Federal military installa-
given us a chance tonight to talk about
Louisville.
tion, gets laid off in the latest round of
that. Let us do more than talk about
What we have here is a situation
base closures. They are happening from
it, though. Let us vote this way. Let us
where maybe some who did have those
California to Maine, all over the coun-
convey this message to the American
opportunities, as we have heard from
try. And what that family decides is
people, and let us hope they remember
the gentleman from New Jersey. many,
that one of them would like to go back
in November of 1996 what is going on.
many of us here in this Chamber had
to school and learn how to be a com-
Ms. DELAURO. I thank you. You
the opportunity to get some help with
puter repair person or a person who
really have said it all. In addition to
student loans and grants and other
works a blood testing machine at a
reading the paper about giving away
kinds of assistance. But it seems that
hospital. and it takes money to do
our land and at what price and what we
there are some of us who want to pull
that. $5,000. $6,000. $7,000 to go back in
are cutting, there are numerous other
the ladder up behind them.
the middle of your life, when you are
examples.
When you take a look at just repeal-
Of course this goes across the whole
45, 47, 51 years old, and try to learn a
new skill in a job market that says you
ing the alternate minimum tax, which
range of things, whether it is a GI loan
was not requested, was not asked for,
that got people their first house or the
are too old to start all over again, but
put in by Ronald Reagan so the richest
GI bill that got them through school or
not old enough to retire.
That is being cut. So if you want to
corporations in this country could pay
other sorts of small government assist-
ance, small assistance that made the
talk about where the cuts are in this
the 20 percent rate, repealing that, giv-
ing the biggest, giving the richest cor-
difference, because none of us tonight
bill, they go almost from cradle to
porations in this Nation. and we want
is talking about the government pay-
grave. The reading teacher for the kid
to have them have a tax break so that
ing the whole way. None of us is talk-
in the first grade, cut. The auto me-
chanic class for the 16-year-old, cut.
they can invest and do this, but taking
ing about throwing money at a prob-
The student loan for the person who is
away all tax obligation to the richest
lem. Each of us is talking about gov-
smart enough to go to the finest
corporations in this country. And then
ernment helping to bridge the gap, to
make the difference, to do that little
school, cut, because she has to start to
you say to folks who are every day
pay her loan back the first day when
playing by the rules, who are doing
bit extra that can help, that can mean
the difference between success and fail-
she graduates. We did not have to do
three or four jobs, parents, my parents.
ure.
that, as my friend, the gentleman from
Congressman WARD'S parents, MAJOR
OWENS' parents, all of the folks who are
There is no question when you look
New Jersey [Mr. PALLONE], pointed out,
here today, they are willing to work
at the barometers of success and the
but she will.
The graduate school student who
those three or four jobs to give their
indicators of what opportunities some-
wants to go on and do something has to
kids the opportunity. But when they
one will have in our society, the one
pay interest in school. Finally the dad
are working three or four jobs and then
thing on which there is total agree-
or mom in that family, the latest per-
you deny them the opportunity. that is
ment is that important part of the
son to get a pink slip in the unending
why they are angry.
makeup of a person who succeeds is
hemorrhage of pink slips in this econ-
Mr. ANDREWS. Let me just say one
education.
omy today, tries to go to school to
more thing. My mother did not grad-
What really surprises me and grates
learn a skill, that gets cut.
uate from college. My father did not
on me is that the very issue that we
Mr. Speaker, I know there have to be
graduate from high school. But they
have talked about, people taking care
cuts in the budget and specifically cuts
sure were smart enough to know that
of themselves, people taking respon-
in education, I understand that. But
something is amiss in a country's pri-
sibility for themselves, is left out of
imagine how angry our constituents
orities when we cannot afford to help
this discussion. It is these very people
were when they picked up the news-
pay for reading teachers for children in
who have gotten themselves into a po-
paper last week and read the following
schools across this country we can af-
sition of getting into college, of going
story. The Secretary of Interior of this
ford to:guarantee $30 billion of debt of
through college, of making that com-
country, under duress and protest,
the Government of Mexico. There is
mitment of work and sacrifice who are
signed a deed conveying $1 billion
something very wrong with what is
going to be affected by this.
worth of mineral rights owned. by the
going on here.
So as one who had the opportunity,
people of the United States of America,
Ms. DELAURO. There is another
who spent 10 years paying back his
signed a legal document giving those 1
issue which I hope my friend from Ken-
loans, I can only say I cannot be part,
billion dollars' worth of public assets
tucky will mention, is to provide an ex-
I cannot imagine being part of an insti-
to a Danish mining company for the
clusion from taxes for billionaires, an
tution that says to everyone else, we
sum of $265, under a law passed here in
issue on which he has really been a
are pulling up the ladders because we
1872.
leading fighter to close that loophole
have got ours.
Mr. Speaker, I want to balance the
so that those folks who are billionaires
With that I thank the gentlewoman
Federal budget. I understand there are
can pay their fair share of taxes. Let
for allowing me this opportunity to
ways education could be cut to balance
me have my colleague from Kentucky
participate in this special order.
the Federal budget. I may disagree
[Mr. WARD] share his own life experi-
Ms. DELAURO. I thank my colleague
with some of my Democratic col-
ence with us on this issue of education
very, very much. I just want to, before
leagues as to how to do that. But all of
and student loans.
I introduce my colleague from New
us ought to understand that in an envi-
Mr. WARD. I thank the gentlewoman
York, MAJOR OWENS, just mention a
ronment where we are saying to that
from Connecticut very much. I appre-
couple of things.
kid, no reading teacher, no shop teach-
ciate this opportunity to participate in
One of the things that is going to be
er to teach auto mechanics, got to pay
her discussion on this very, very im-
eliminated here is something called the
your loan back the day after you grad-
portant issue.
direct loan program. And really by
uate from school, too bad you have to
I am a fellow who would not be here
targeting the extinction of that initia-
let the interest accumulate, and dad,
but for student loans. It was a situa-
tive, what we are seeing is the Repub-
you lost your job, you need retraining.
tion when I was in college that I
lican leadership in this House throwing
too bad, look in the want ads, that is
worked full time. My parents were able
away about $6.8 million in taxpayer
what we are saying in this budget. And
to help but just some. In order to get
savings.
H8788
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
September 12, 1995
We ought to be trying to take a look
destroy America because we do not rec-
going to remake America. What they
at expanding a new streamlined ap-
ognize the critical role of education.
are doing is destroying America.
proach to processing student loans.
These cuts are very mean, they are
Unfortunately, the powerful jug-
What we have tried to do here, and the
very extreme. They are very dan-
gernaut approach that is being taken
program is working, is to take the
gerous.
here will wreck education right across
bank out of this equation and, with the
The Republican majority in the
the country. it is most unfortunate.
institution and the family working to-
House of course proposes to wipe out
American voters, taxpayers should
gether, thereby making it more afford-
the Department of Education totally.
rally to stop the destruction of our civ-
able to deal with the loan, what we
Only the Senate prevailed and has
ilization, and the first place that we
should not be doing is limiting the
slowed the process down, but they are
should focus on is to stop the cuts in
growth of such a direct loan program
still moving with legislation to wipe
education.
or totally eliminating it after 1 year.
out the Department of Education; a
Ms. DELAURO. I thank my colleague,
There is just one other program that
modern society in this complex world
Mr. Speaker. My colleague has spent a
I want to mention, and that is the na-
of ours would not have some central di-
lifetime and his professional lifetime in
tional service program. AmeriCorps.
rection from a Department of Edu-
this body focused in on this area of
We often fault young people today
cation.
being part of the education committee.
when we say to them, you have got ad-
A Department of Education at the
It is truly hard to believe sometimes
vantages, you do not give anything
Federal level plays a small role com-
that we would wreck education, which
back. that you are taking only. that it
pared to the role played by centralized
is, as we know, the key to the future.
is the me generation. you are focused,
departments of education in other in-
to the success of this Nation, to the
self-centered on yourself, give some-
dustrialized societies, but that is a
success of individuals. Each succeeding
thing back to your communities.
very key role. It is a critical catalytic
generation has wanted to pass on in-
My God, the national service pro-
role. Only about 7 percent of the total
creased opportunities in this area. We
gram is exactly what was tailor made
budget spent for education is Federal
are finding ourselves in the position, I
to say to young people, you commit to
money. But it is key in terms of stimu-
think, parents are finding themselves
doing things in your community, help-
lating, in terms of pushing for reform,
in the position today where they are
ing in your community, providing a
and it is all very well packaged in
saying that their kids are not going to
real service, not make-work, not a no-
"Goals 2000," in title I and Head Start.
have the same kinds of opportunities
show, but providing a real service and
It is all very well packaged, but they
that they had.
taking an interest in your community.
have taken a sledge hammer to it all,
Chief among those opportunities are
We will provide you and your family
and they are destroying it all in the
the opportunities to increase their
with some assistance in order for you
to have an education.
process. In the process they will de-
ability through education, whether it
The Republicans want to totally
stroy the country.
is higher education or whether it is vo-
eliminate AmeriCorps, national serv-
We cannot have a society able to
cational education, but a route in
compete in this very complex and com-
which we allow people to aspire and to
ice, and the 4 million new service op-
petitive industrialized world of ours, a
dream, if you will.
portunities in the next 4 years alone.
global economy, without having great
I am really proud to stand with my
I would like to bring into the con-
emphasis on education: I applaud
colleagues here tonight in staunch op-
versation someone who has spent a
long time warring about a number of
President Clinton's proposal to make
position to the Republican leadership's
education a priority. When he laid out
plan to shut the door on educational
these issues and trying to expand op-
portunity for young people. That is my
his 10-year budget proposal, education
opportunity to America's working fam-
receives increases in that budget of $47
ilies. Speaker GINGRICH likes to por-
colleague from New York, Mr. OWENS.
billion over the 10-year period. Similar
tray the Republican budget as part of a
Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, I thank
the gentlewoman from Connecticut for
to the Congressional Black Caucus be-
revolution. There is nothing new here.
this special order.
fore where we increased over a 7-year
This is, it is not the least bit revolu-
period the education budget by 25 per-
tionary. It is nothing new, and it is not
I associate myself with the remarks
cent. Education deserves the priority.
revolutionary. It is, quite honestly, the
of my previous colleagues and will try
it has to have a priority. Not only
same old trickle down economics of
not to be repetitive. I have served on
the education committee for the whole
should we not have these cuts, we
old, which is that you provide a tax
13 years that I have been in Congress.
should be moving. forward with in-
break for the wealthiest in our Nation,
H.G. Wells said that civilization is a
creases.
and that is paid for by limiting the op-
portunities of working middle-class
race between education and catas-
The civilization of New York City
families in this country.
trophe. That may not be the exact
once boasted of having free univer-
quote but that is the gist of it. Catas-
sities. The city universities were free
2115
trophe has stared us in the face as we
without tuition when I moved there in
I started this hour by telling my own
go forward with these reckless cuts
1958. We do not have that any longer.
story, which is about my folks and
that have been proposed by the Repub-
But we are instead going rapidly back-
their beginnings. My dad is an immi-
lican majority in this House.
wards where not only do we have free
grant; my mother working in the old
Speaker GINGRICH says his objective
universities but even with all of the aid
sweatshops and her admonition to me
is to remake America. And in this
that is offered by the State and the
which was: Take the opportunity for an
process of remaking, this behavior has
city and the aid available from the
education, so that you will not have to
become very reckless. Education,
Federal Government, with it being cut
do this.
which is the cement, the glue, the ad-
so drastically and forcing tuition costs
That is essentially what we are deny-
hesive which helps to hold our society
up, large numbers of people in New
ing to parents today; their ability to
together, is being destroyed. We have
York City who want to go to college
help and provide their kids with a fu-
proceeded step by step, starting with
will not be able to go to college in New
ture. That is wrong. That is something
Ronald Reagan who offered the report
York City.
all of us here tonight are going to op-
or commissioned the report called "A
These same city universities compete
pose and we hope that the American
Nation at Risk" and moving from that
with Ivy League schools in terms of the
public will join us in that opposition.
to George Bush, "America 2000," and
number of Nobel Prize winners. Nobel
Mr. Speaker, let me thank my col-
moving from that to President Clin-
Prize winners have come out of these
leagues for participating in this con-
ton's "Goals 2000," all of which had
city universities. The numbers of
versation tonight.
some continuity. We were moving in
Ph.D.s that have come out of our city
the right direction.
universities are as great as the Ivy
Suddenly the Republican majority
League schools when you take a look
ISSUES OF IMPORT TO AMERICA
proposes to wreck all of that. Instead
at it and add it all up. So all of this is
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
of remaking America, we are going to
being wrecked when they say they are
the Speaker's announced policy of May
September 14, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S13571
new programs 80 that schools can offer
do their own administration, this
phased in over 3 years to allow States
an alternative to the street for our Na-
would continue to be the case.
the chance to adjust administratively.
tion's unsupervised youth. This com-
Mr. DOLE. Has the modification been
We have added in this modification a
panion program would complement the
sent to the desk?
opt-out provision for States by notifi-
Community Schools Program.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
cation of the Secretary of Health and
My second amendment would require
Chair reports the modification does not
Human Services, and also to make
parents to sign a parental responsibil-
appear to be at the desk.
clear the intent to conform to the
ity contract that would demand, in ex-
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I
modifications which Senator DOLE
change for benefits, that parents take
suggest the absence of a quorum.
made to his amendment No. 2280 last
an active role in the supervision and
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
week.
education of their children.
clerk will call the roll.
The bill before us requires recipients
Mr. President, these two amend-
The bill clerk proceeded to call the
to work within no more than 2 years of
ments are only first steps. But they are
roll.
receipt of benefits. Why wait that long?
steps in the right direction: toward the
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President. I ask
Why wait 2 years? Unless an able-bod-
brighter future of this Nation.
unanimous consent that the order for
ied person is in school or job training,
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I have no
the quorum call be rescinded.
why wait longer than 6 months to re-
objection to the amendments.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
quire that a person have a private job
Mr. MOYNIHAN. There is no objec-
objection. it is 80 ordered.
or be performing community service?
tion on this side. To the contrary.
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask
My amendment says 6 months in-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there
unanimous consent the amendment of
stead of 2 years.
be no further debate, the question is on
the Senator from California be tempo-
There is no doubt that there is a
agreeing to the en bloc amendments.
rarily laid aside so I can make a unani-
great need in local communities across
The en bloc amendments (Nos. 2662
mous-consent request and have my
the country for community service
and 2664) were agreed to.
amendment considered. It has been
workers. Last year. the demand for
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I move to
cleared.
community service workers from the
reconsider the vote.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
President's AmeriCorps Program was
Mr. MOYNIHAN. I move to lay that
objection, it is so ordered.
far greater than the ability to fund
motion on the table.
AMENDMENT NO. 2486, A8 MODIFIED
them. According to AmeriCorps, of the
The motion to lay on the table was
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I now ask
538 project applications requesting ap-
agreed to.
unanimous consent that a modification
proximately 60,000 workers, only appli-
Mr. KERRY. I thank the majority
to my amendment, No. 2486, be sent to
cations for about 20,000 workers could
leader and thank the Senator from New
the desk and be in order.
be funded. Projects ranged from envi-
York.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
ronmental cleanup, to assisting in day
Mr. DOLE. As I understand it, the
objection. it is so ordered.
care centers, to home health care
Senator from California has a dem-
The amendment (No. 2486), as modi-
aides. It is clear that there is no short-
onstration amendment.
fied, is as follows:
age of need for workers in community
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
On page 12, between lines 22 and 23. insert
service.
Chair recognizes the Senator from
the following:
The Daschle amendment which was
California.
(G) COMMUNITY SERVICE.-Not later than 3
marrowly defeated last week contained
AMENDMENT NO. 2479
years after the date of the enactment of this
a similar provision which was added as
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I
Act. consistent with the exception provided
a modification at my request. It would
call up amendment No. 2479.
in section 404(d), require participation by,
require that recipients work in commu-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
and offer to, unless the State opts out of this
nity service employment if not em-
clerk will report.
provision by notifying the Secretary. a par-
ployed in the private sector, engaged in
The legislative clerk read as follows:
ent or caretaker receiving assistance under
the program. after receiving such assistance
job training or in school, and it would
The Senator from California [Mrs. FEIN-
for 6 months—
require that States offer the commu-
STEIN] proposes an amendment numbered
(1) is not exempt from work requirements;
nity service option to such recipients.
2479.
and
Mr. President, I have long been con-
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I
(ii) is not engaged in work as determined
cerned about the cycle of dependency
ask unanimous consent that reading of
under section 404(c),
and the need to return welfare recipi-
the amendment be dispensed with.
in community service employment. with
ents to work. As long as 14 years ago,
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
minimum hours per week and tasks to be de-
in 1981, I was the author, along with
objection, it is so ordered.
termined by the State.
Senator DOLE, of legislation which was
(The text of the amendment is print-
Mr. DOLE. As I understand, the
enacted into law that put some welfare
ed in the Friday, September 8, 1995, edi-
amendment, as modified. is acceptable
recipients back to work as home health
tion of the RECORD.)
on this side.
care aides, thereby decreasing the wel-
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President,
Is that correct?
fare rolls and increasing the local tax
what this amendment does is essen-
Mr. MOYNIHAN. It most assuredly is
base.
tially assures that, in those large coun-
on our side.
This demonstration project called for
ties or groups of counties with a popu-
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President. if I could
the training and placement of AFDC
lation greater than 500,000, that there
spend 30 seconds, I have long believed
recipients as home care aides to Medic-
be provision. with permission of the
that work requirements should be
aid recipients as a long-term care al-
State-this is the modification in the
clear. strong. and applied promptly.
ternative to institutional care. and was
amendment-that the money, the
For too long we have permitted welfare
subject to rigorous evaluation in both
block grant, go directly to the county.
dependency to undermine the potential
the demonstration and post-demonstra-
So we have modified the amendment
productivity of too many able-bodied
tion periods.
from its original presentation. My un-
Americans. We have allowed too many
The independently conducted pro-
derstanding is that it is agreeable to
able-bodied welfare recipients not to
gram evaluation found that during six
both sides.
work. That is wrong.
of the seven demonstration projects,
The purpose of the amendment is,
The amendment which I am offering
trainees' total monthly earnings in-
really. so many of the innovative dem-
would add a requirement that welfare
creased by 56 percent to more than 130
onstration projects that are initiated
recipients be in job training and school
percent. Evaluations in following years
by counties, which I pointed out in my
or working in private sector jobs with-
indicated similarly positive and signifi-
opening remarks on this amendment,
in 6 months of receipt of benefits, and
cant income effects. Consistent with
can go ahead without an additional ele-
if private sector jobs could not be
the increase in employment, trainees
ment of bureaucracy.
found they be required to perform some
also received reduced public benefits.
Again. the State would have to ap-
type of community service employ-
All seven States moved a significant
prove this, but for those counties that
ment. The requirement would be
proportion of trainees off of AFDC. In
S13572
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
September 14, 1995
four of the States, a significant propor-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
determines is attributable to the residents of
tion of the trainees also were moved off
objection, it is so ordered.
such county: and
of the Food Stamp Program or received
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President. I think
"(C) the duration of the project shall be for
significantly reduced benefit amounts.
they are working out a modification on
5 years.
"(3) COMMENCEMENT OF PROJECT.-After the
Additionally. the program evaluation
the amendment of the Senator from
conclusion of the negotiations described in
indicated that it significantly in-
California, Senator FEINSTEIN. I under-
paragraph (2), the Secretary of Health and
creased the amount of formal in-home
stand there are four or five amend-
Human Services and the Secretary of Agri-
care received by Medicaid clients and
ments that will be cleared here mo-
culture may authorize a county to conduct
had significant beneficial effects on cli-
mentarily.
the demonstration project described in para-
ent health and functioning. The eval-
I would like to indicate that I will
graph (2) in accordance with the rules estab-
uation also indicated that clients bene-
consult with the Democratic leader and
lished during the negotiations.
fited from marginally reduced costs for
hopefully have a cloture vote here
"(4) REPORT.-Not later then 6 months
the services they received.
after the termination of a demonstration
within the next hour. I do not think we
As the 1986 evaluation shows, this
project operated under this subsection, the
are going to reach an agreement. And
Secretary of Health and Human Services and
type of demonstration had great poten-
we are not going to pass the bill if we
the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to
tial in allowing local governments to
have to accommodate every request
the Congress a report that includes-
respond to priority needs and assist
from the other side.
"(A) a description of the demonstration
members of their community in ob-
So I am prepared to have a cloture
project;
taining the training necessary to ob-
vote. If we do not get cloture, this bill
"(B) the rules negotiated with respect to
tain practical, meaningful private sec-
will go into reconciliation.
the project; and
tor employment and become produc>
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
'(C) the innovations (if any) that the coun-
tive, self-sufficient members of their
ty was able to initiate under the project.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
"(5) eligible countries are defined as:
community.
clerk will call the roll.
"(A) a county that is already administer-
Mr. President, I want to highlight a
The bill clerk proceeded to call the
ing the welfare program under this part;
particularly wise provision in Senator
roll.
"(B) represents less than 25% of the State's
DOLE'S bill. It is a provision which
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I ask
total welfare caseload."
states that any recipient may be treat-
unanimous consent that the order for
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I believe, Mr.
ed as participating in community serv-
the quorum call be rescinded.
President, that these modifications
ice employment if that person provides
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
have been cleared, and are as I reported
child care services to other individuals
objection, it is so ordered.
earlier.
participating in the community service
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I see
Mr. MOYNIHAN. I believe that is the
program. This is a good idea. It opens
the Senator from California has risen.
case on our side, Mr. President.
a way for many able-bodied persons
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Mr. DOLE. The amendment has been
currently on welfare, to provide a serv-
Chair recognizes the Senator from
cleared on this side.
ice to others, meet work requirements,
California.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
and, at the same time. free others to
AMENDMENT NO. 2479, AS MODIFIED
objection. the amendment is agreed to.
work who may otherwise have dif-
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I
The amendment (No. 2479), as modi-
ficulty locating affordable child care. I
send a modification to amendment No.
fied, was agreed to.
hope that many States will vigorously:
2479 to the desk.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I
exercise this provision and that recipi-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
move to reconsider the vote by which
ents will heed the encouragement to
objection, the amendment is so modi-
the amendment was agreed to.
provide child care services as a way of
fied.
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I move to lay that
engaging in community service em-
The amendment (No. 2479), as modi-
imotion on the table.
ployment.
fied, is as follows:
The motion to lay on the table was
Mr. President, I am hopeful that in
On page 69, strike lines 18 through 22, and
agreed to.
the 104th Congress, we will take the
insert the following:
Mr. MOYNIHAN. I thank the Chair.
necessary steps to get people off wel-
"SEC. 413. STATE AND COUNTY DEMONSTRATION
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, in an effort
fare and working. in the private sector,
PROGRAMS.
to protect the rights of the Senator
if possible, but in community service,
"(a) No LIMITATION OF STATE DEMONSTRA-
from North Dakota [Mr. CONRAD]. I ask
if necessary. Experience has shown we
TION PROJECTS.-Nothing in this part shall be
unanimous consent that in the event of
must be more aggressive in requiring
construed as limiting a State's ability to
a cloture vote. if cloture was invoked.
recipients to work. I believe my
conduct demonstration projects for the pur-
pose of identifying innovative or effective
his amendment would still be in order
amendment is a firm step in the right
program designs in 1 or more political sub-
under the same conditions, the same
direction.
divisions of the State providing that such
time limit as previously ordered.
Mr. President, I thank Senator Moy-
State contains more than one country with a
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
NIHAN and Senator DOLE and their staff
population of greater than 500,000.
objection. it is so ordered.
for working with us on this.
"(b) COUNTY WELFARE DEMONSTRATION
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President. I thank
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I
PROJECT.-
"(1) IN GENERAL.-The Secretary of Health
the majority leader for his usual gra-
urge adoption of the amendment.
and Human Services and the Secretary of
cious consideration.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection. the amendment is agreed to.
Agriculture shall jointly enter into negotia-
I thank the Chair. I yield the floor.
tions with all counties having a population
I note the absence of a quorum.
The amendment (No. 2486), as modi-
fied. was agreed to.
greater than 500,000 desiring to conduct a
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
demonstration project described in para-
clerk will call the roll.
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President. I move to
graph (2) for the purpose of establishing ap-
reconsider the vote by which the
The bill clerk proceeded to call the
propriate rules to govern the establishment
roll.
amendment was agreed to.
and operation of such project.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. I move to lay that
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President. I ask unan-
"(2) DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESCRIBED.-
motion on the table.
The demonstration project described in this
imous consent that the order for the
The motion to lay on the table was
paragraph shall provide that-
quorum call be rescinded.
agreed to.
"(A) a county participating in the dem-
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I
onstration project shall have the authority
KYL). Without objection. it is so or-
suggest the absence of a quorum.
and duty to administer the operation of the
dered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
program described under this part as if the
AMENDMENTS NOS. 2578, 2481, 2670; 2542, AS MODI-
clerk will call the roll.
county were considered a State for the pur-
FIED; 2551, AS MODIFIED; 2601, AS MODIFIED:
The bill clerk proceeded to call the
pose of this part:
"(B) the State in which the county partici-
2507, AS MODIFIED; AND 2280, AS FURTHER
roll.
MODIFIED
pating in the demonstration project is lo-
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President. I ask unan-
cated shall pass through directly to the
Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent
imous consent that the order for the
county the portion of the grant received by
that the Senate now proceed to the fol-
quorum call be rescinded.
the State under section 403 which the State
lowing amendments en bloc. that the
Thursday, September 14, 1995
Daily Digest
HIGHLIGHT
House passed Federal acquisition reform bill.
Senate
Chamber Action
forcement agreements between the States and Indian
tribes or tribal organizations.
Routine Proceedings, pages S13555-S13626
Pages S13565-67
Measures Introduced: Four bills were introduced,
(4) Nickles Modified Amendment No. 2556 (to
as follows: S. 1240-1243.
Amendment No. 2280), to provide for the trans-
Page S13620
mission of quarterly wage reports in order to relay
Measures Reported: Reports were made as follows:
information to the State Directory of New Hires to
Special Report entitled "Revised Allocation to
assist in locating absent parents.
Subcommittees of Budget Totals from the Concur-
Page S13567
rent Resolution for Fiscal Year 1996". (S. Rept. No.
(5) By 94 yeas to 6 nays (Vote No. 424), Exon
104-141)
Modified Amendment No. 2525 (to Amendment
H.R. 1976, making appropriations for Agri-
No. 2280), to prohibit the payment of certain Fed-
culture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Admin-
eral benefits to any person not lawfully present with-
istration, and Related Agencies programs for the fis-
in the United States.
cal year ending September 30, 1996, with amend-
Pages S13567-69
ments. (S. Rept. No. 104-142)
(6) Feinstein Amendment No. 2470 (to Amend-
H.R. 1868, making appropriations for foreign op-
ment No. 2280), to impose a child support obliga-
erations, export financing, and related programs for
tion on paternal grandparents in cases in which both
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, with
parents are minors.
amendments. (S. Rept. No. 104-143)
Page S13569
Page S13620
(7) Kerry Amendment No. 2662 (to Amendment
Family Self-Sufficiency Act: Senate continued con-
No. 2280), to provide demonstration projects for
sideration of H.R. 4, to restore the American family,
using neighborhood schools as centers for beneficial
reduce illegitimacy, control welfare spending and re-
activities for children and their parents in order to
duce welfare dependence, with a committee amend-
break the welfare cycle.
ment in the nature of a substitute, taking action on
Pages S13569-71
amendments proposed thereto, as follows:
(8) Kerry Amendment No. 2664 (to Amendment
Pages S13558-75, S13581-S13617
No. 2280), to require applicants for assistance who
Adopted:
are parents to enter into a Parental Responsibility
(1) Wellstone Modified Amendment No. 2584 (to
Contract and perform satisfactorily under its terms as
Amendment No. 2280), to exempt women and chil-
a condition of receipt of that assistance.
dren who have been battered or subject to extreme
Pages S13569-71
cruelty from certain requirements of the bill.
(9) Feinstein Modified Amendment No. 2479 (to
Pages S13561-62
Amendment No. 2280), to provide for State and
(2) Dorgan Amendment No. 2535 (to Amend-
county demonstration programs.
ment No. 2280), to express the sense of the Senate
Pages S13571-72
on legislative accountability for the unfunded man-
(10) Levin Modified Amendment No. 2486 (to
dates imposed by welfare reform legislation.
Amendment No. 2280), to require recipients of as-
Page S13565
sistance under a State program funded under part A
(3) McCain Amendment No. 2589 (to Amend-
of title IV of the Social Security Act to participate
ment No. 2280), to provide for child support en-
in State mandated community service activities if
D 1092
September 14, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-DAILY DIGEST
D 1093
they are not engaged in work after 6 months of re-
under the State program require such parents as a
ceiving benefits.
condition of receiving such assistance to live in an
Pages S13571-72
adult-supervised setting and attend high school or
(11) D'Amato Amendment No. 2578 (to Amend-
other equivalent training program.
ment No. 2280), relating to claims arising before ef-
Pages S13562-63, S13598-S13602
fective date.
(22) Bradley Amendment No. 2496 (to Amend-
Pages S13572-73
ment No. 2280), to modify the provisions regarding
(12) Feingold Amendment No. 2481 (to Amend-
the State plan requirements.
ment No. 2280), to provide for a demonstration
Pages S13602-03
project for the elimination of take-one-take-all re-
(23) DeWine Modified Amendment No. 2517 (to
quirement.
Amendment No. 2280), to provide for quarterly re-
Pages S13572-73
porting by banks with respect to common trust
(13) Kerrey Amendment No. 2670 (to Amend-
funds.
ment No. 2280), to allow a State to revoke an elec-
Pages S13594-96, S13604
tion to participate in the optional State food assist-
Rejected:
ance block grant.
(1) By 17 yeas to 83 nays (Vote No. 422),
Pages S13572-73
(14) McCain Modified Amendment No. 2542 (to
Faircloth Amendment No. 2609 (to Amendment
Amendment No. 2280), to remove the maximum
No. 2280), to prohibit teenage parents from living
length of participation in the work supplementation
in the home of an adult relative or guardian who has
a history of receiving assistance.
or support program.
Page S13562
Pages S13572-73
(15) Kohl Modified Amendment No. 2551 (to
(2) By 37 yeas to 63 nays (Vote No. 423), Jeffords
Amendment No. 2280), to expand the food stamp
Amendment No. 2581 (to Amendment No. 2280),
employment and training program.
to strike the increase to the grant to reward States
that reduce out-of-wedlock births.
Pages S13572-73
(16) Faircloth Modified Amendment No. 2601 (to
Pages S13563-65
Amendment No. 2280), to integrate the temporary
(3) By 34 yeas to 64 nays (Vote No. 426) Mikul-
assistance to needy families with food stamp work
ski Amendment No. 2669 (to Amendment No.
rules.
2280), to provide for the development of a program
Pages S13572-73
that encourages participation of both parents in the
(17) Wellstone Modified Amendment No. 2507
parenting of children and encourages two-parent
(to Amendment No. 2280), to exclude energy assist-
families.
ance payments for one-time costs of weatherization
Pages S13588-90, S13603-04
or repair or replacement of unsafe or inoperative
(4) By 37 yeas to 61 nays (Vote No. 427), Fein-
heating devices from income under the food stamp
stein Amendment No. 2478 (to Amendment No.
program.
2280), to provide equal treatment for naturalized
Pages S13572-75
and native-born citizens.
(18) Pryor Modified Amendment No. 2495 (to
Pages S13590-93, S13604-05
Amendment No. 2280), to modify the penalty pro-
(5) By 20 yeas to 78 nays (Vote No. 428), Fein-
visions.
stein Amendment No. 2513 (to Amendment No.
Pages S13583-84
2280), to limit deeming of income to cash and cash-
(19) Gramm Amendment No. 2614 (to Amend-
like programs, and to retain SSI eligibility and ex-
ment No. 2280), to provide for increased penalties
empt deeming of income requirements for victims of
for failure to meet work requirements.
domestic violence.
Page S13584
Pages S13596-98, S13605
(20) By 93 yeas to 5 nays (Vote No. 425), Shelby
Pending:
Amendment No. 2526 (to Amendment No. 2280),
Dole Modified Amendment No. 2280, of a per-
to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to pro-
fecting nature.
vide a refundable credit for adoption expenses and to
Pages S13558-75, S13581-S13617
exclude from gross income employee and military
Subsequently, the amendment was further modi-
adoption assistance benefits and withdrawals from.
fied.
IRAs for certain adoption expenses.
Pages S13572-73
Pages S13584-88, S13603
Daschle Amendment No. 2672 (to Amendment
(21) Conrad Modified Amendment No. 2528 (to
No. 2280), to provide for the establishment of a
Amendment No. 2280), to provide that a State that
Contingency Fund for State Welfare Programs.
provides assistance to unmarried teenage parents
Page S13558
D 1094
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-DAILY DIGEST
September 14, 1995
Faircloth Amendment No. 2608 (to Amendment
No. 2280), to provide for an abstinence education
Committee Meetings
program.
(Committees not listed did not meet)
Page S13558
Simon Amendment No. 2509 (to Amendment
APPROPRIATIONS-AGRICULTURE/D.C/
No. 2280), to eliminate retroactive deeming require-
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
ments for those legal immigrants already in the
United States.
Committee on Appropriations: Committee ordered favor-
Pages S13606-09
ably reported the following bills:
Simon Amendment No. 2681 (to Amendment
H.R. 1976, making appropriations for Agri-
No. 2280), to provide grants for the establishment
culture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Admin-
of community works progress programs.
istration, and Related Agencies programs for the fis-
Simon Amendment No. 2468 (to Amendment
cal year ending September 30, 1996, with amend-
No. 2280), to provide grants for the establishment
ments;
of community works progress programs.
H.R.
,
making appropriations for the
Page S13609
government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal
Graham Amendment No. 2568 (to Amendment
year ending September 30, 1996; and
No. 2280), to set national work participation rate
H.R. 1868, making appropriations for foreign op-
goals and to provide that the Secretary shall adjust
erations, export financing, and related programs for
the goals for individual States based on the amount
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, with
amendments.
of Federal funding the State receives for minor chil-
dren in families in the State that have incomes
APPROPRIATIONS-DISTRICT OF
below the poverty line.
COLUMBIA
Page S13609-10
A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro-
Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on the
viding for further consideration of the bill, certain
District of Columbia concluded hearings on proposed
amendments pending thereto, and certain further
budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for the govern-
amendments to be proposed, on Friday, September
ment of the District of Columbia, after receiving tes-
15, 1995.
timony in behalf of funds for their respective activi-
Page S13606
ties from Annice M. Wagner, Chief Judge, District
of Columbia Court of Appeals; Eugene N. Hamilton,
Messages From the House:
Page S13619
Chief Judge, Superior Court of the District of Co-
Measures Referred:
Pages S13619-20
lumbia; Andrew F. Brimmer, Chairman, District of
Communications:
Page S13620
Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management
Assistance Authority; Wilma R. Harvey, President,
Statements on Introduced Bills:
Pages S13620-23
District of Columbia Board of Education; and Frank-
Additional Cosponsors:
Page S13623
lin L. Smith, Superintendent, District of Columbia
Public Schools.
Notices of Hearings:
Page S13623
Authority for Committees:
Pages S13623-24
PUBLIC BROADCASTING REFORM
Additional Statements:
Pages S13624-26
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation:
Record Votes: Seven record votes were taken today.
Committee concluded hearings on proposals to pri-
(Total-428)
vatize the public broadcasting system, after receiving
Pages S13562, S13565, S13569, S13603-05
testimony from Frederick M.R. Smith, CS First Bos-
Recess: Senate convened at 9:15 a.m., and recessed
ton, New York, New York; George L. Miles, Jr.,
WQED Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Dela-
at 10:58 p.m., until 9:15 a.m., on Friday, September
no E. Lewis, National Public Radio, and Kenneth
15, 1995. (For Senate's program, see the remarks of
Robinson, both of Washington, D.C.; Burnhill
the Acting Majority Leader in today's RECORD on
Clark, KCTS Television, Seattle, Washington; and
page S13626.)
Newton N. Minow, Carnegie Corporation, Chicago,
Illinois.
S12708
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
September 6, 1995
is bipartisan. called the Republican
grant method proposed is particularly
received assistance any time during a
plan "the mother of all unfunded man-
harsh on a State like Nevada. Nevada,
10-month period.
dates." This is not something I
I repeat. is rapidly growing. From 1993
These provisions directly punish and
dreamed up or the Democratic Policy
to 1994. Clark County. NV. which is Las
hurt children for merely being born.
Committee came up with in some cute
Vegas, grew by 8.2 percent. That is tre-
over which they of course have no con-
little phrase. This comes from the U.S.
mendous in 1 year.
trol. The concept behind these provi-
Conference of Mayors, which is a bipar-
This equates to about 75,000 new peo-
sions seems to be that if women know
tisan group. He called the plan "the
ple coming to Las Vegas in 1 year. Our
they will not receive money for addi-
mother of all unfunded mandates."
growth rate is on the rise and shows no
tional children. they will not get preg-
For example, in order for States to
sign of slowing. The growth rate in
nant.
meet the new work requirements pre-
Clark County is expected to increase 23
This simply is not the case. To quote
scribed in the Republican bill. by the
percent over the next 5 years. We are
the Senator from New York, Senator
year 2000-fiscal year 2000-the Con-
going to have moneys frozen at the 1994
MOYNIHAN, "Anyone who thinks that
gressional Budget Office analysis esti-
level for 5 years?
cutting benefits can affect sexual be-
mates that the States would have to
Meanwhile. this block grant under
havior does not know human nature."
find up to $4.3 billion extra-more than
this underlying bill would freeze fund-
The family cap provisions were en-
the current State and Federal expendi-
ing, as I said, at the 1994 fiscal level. As
acted in New Jersey, I think in about
tures-to meet the new child care costs
Nevada's population soars, the funding
1992. After a study of mothers who are
alone. Overall. the unfunded work re-
for welfare will remain fixed with no
penalized if they had more children
quirements would result in $35 billion
consideration of changing it under con-
while on welfare, a Rutgers University
in additional cost to the States over
ditions of population growth or even
study recently found there is no reduc-
the next 7 years; $35 billion. Everybody
inflation. This rationale simply does
tion of birthrate of welfare mothers at-
within the sound of my voice should
not make sense and is not fair.
tributable to the family cap. Further.
understand that this is a lot of money
I have been listening to my col-
last month New Jersey officials an-
that is going to be picked up by State
leagues on the other side of the aisle
nounced that the abortion rate among
and local governments. For the State
speak about giving the States flexibil-
poor women has increased since the
of Nevada, the unfunded mandate will
ity and that one size does not fit all.
passage of their policy.
result in costs upwards of $110 million,
Well, I agree. States should have flexi-
I do not know the precise cause of
as we now see it, at least.
bility, but the plan that is now being
this increase, but I think common
Finally. the Congressional Budget Of-
debated here, that is, the underlying
sense dictates that it could be a result
fice estimates that a majority of the
Republican plan, does not allow this
of the message which is sent to poor
States will not be able to meet the
flexibility. They provide an insufficient
women under these provisions which is,
work requirements included in the bill.
amount of money to the States expect-
"Do not get pregnant. But if you do,
In fact, CBO assumes that given the
ing to fill the requirements tied to that
you better do something about it be-
cost and administrative complexities.
money. This is not flexibility. This is
cause you will not get any money to
States would choose to accept a pen-
an unfunded mandate. I agree that one
feed that child."
alty of up to 5 percent of the grant
size does not fit all. We do not live in
Obviously. many young people will
rather than implement the require-
a static society. Each State is chang-
turn to abortion rather than having a
ments.
ing rapidly.
child that they will not be able to feed
My primary concern with the under-
The City of Las Vegas grows 75,000 a
and clothe. Withholding welfare bene-
lying bill and the block grant plan in it
year. Why does this Republican plan
fits to prevent pregnancy is not the an-
is its unfairness and insufficiency. The
keep the funding level at the 1994 level
swer to illegitimacy problems.
plan simply shifts the problems of the
for 5 years? Block grants are not fair
The Democratic proposal does deal
current welfare program to the States,
and they do not make sense.
with teenage pregnancy-and we will
with limited Federal funding. This plan
Some would have us believe that this
talk about that a little later-in a
is inadequate for high-growth States
block grant program is some new idea.
firm. concise, and compassionate way.
like Nevada. In fact, Nevada may be
We are going to do the right thing, and
Furthermore, the family cap provi-
the best example of how unfair a block
we have come up with the great idea of
sions are focused on the actions of
grant frozen at fiscal year 1994 will be-
block grant. I do not know when block
women. What about the father of these
frozen for 5 years. Nevada is the fast-
grants first started, but in the Nixon
illegitimate children? Should we talk
est-growing State in the country. with
years they had block grants. We tried
about them at all? Should they be part
the fastest-growing city in the coun-
them in a number of different areas.
of this major legislation reform? Of
try, Las Vegas. It will not take long for
Most of them we got rid of, for reasons
course they should be.
high-growth States like Nevada to run
just like I talked about, because block
National Public Radio this morning
out of money. And then they will be
grants are an easy way to do things.
had on its program Prof. Richard
forced. under the terms of this bill. to
It is like we talked about balancing
Moran of Mount Holyoke College. Now.
borrow money from a so-called "emer-
the budget. It is easy to balance a
I ask my learned friend from the State
gency loan fund" which this plan pro-
budget if you use welfare. Social Secu-
of New York, is this a New York insti-
vides. The loan is limited to 10 percent
rity moneys, and do not make some of
tution. Mount Holyoke?
of the State's grant, and the State is
the hard choices we have been forced to
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Massachusetts.
required to repay the loan, with inter-
make this year with the balanced budg-
Mr. REID. Thank you. Professor
est, within 3 years.
et resolutions that now have passed.
Moran stated what most believe is sim-
Of course, if the State does not have
Those are tough decisions.
ply common sense. He said if we can
the money to repay the loan, what hap-
Block grants are an easy way, a buck
change the behavior of adult men who
pens? We know what happens. The
passer for the Federal Government.
father illegitimate children, we could
costs will be shifted to the State's resi-
Bundle up all the problems in a nice
make a substantial dent in the rate of
dents in the form of increased taxes.
little bundle and ship them to the
teenage illegitimacy. Instead of trying
There is no other alternative. This plan
States. That is what we are doing with
to limit teen pregnancy by reducing
has a very real potential of forcing
welfare.
welfare benefits for the girls, public
States into playing a catch-up game
Another primary concern of mine is
policy, according to Moran. should
that they will never win. This is not
the so-called child exclusion provi-
focus on holding adult males finan-
my definition or, I think. anyone's def-
sions. Under the majority's plan,
cially responsible for their children.
inition of State flexibility. It is the
States would have the option to deny
I think that is pretty sound reason-
definition of State destruction.
assistance to unmarried minor parents
ing. It is common sense and our bill
To add to this disturbing scenario is
and their children. States would also
does that.
the fact that the underlying bill cuts
be given the option to deny additional
Professor Moran went on to explain
back on welfare funding in order to
assistance to families who give birth to
that 25 years ago, two-thirds of expect-
give $270 billion of tax cuts. The block
a child while on assistance or who have
ant teenage mothers married. Today,
September 6, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S12709
less than a third marry. Of course, no
saying people must work and that we
way off welfare. Our plan eliminates
one is saying that early marriage is a
are going to give you some financial
the man-in-the-house rule, which pro-
solution to out-of-wedlock births.
assistance so that you can accomplish
hibits women from receiving benefits if
A new national study indicates fully
some of these things.
they have a spouse living in the same
one-half of the fathers of the babies
I repeat, States are provided re-
house who is working full or part time.
born to mothers are adults. This is not
sources for the work requirement.
Let us have this a family friendly wel-
a situation of teenagers having sex.
Under our plan, States are given the
fare package.
The facts are that these young girls are
resources so welfare recipients not only
We have talked about teen parents.
being impregnated by adult males, and
get a job but remain in the work force.
Under our plan the message to teen
they should be held responsible for
See, getting a job is not the key to ev-
parents is clear: Stay at home and stay
their actions. They should pay.
erything because you have to keep
in school. Stay at home and stay in
These statistics show that the prob-
them in the job. States have the flexi-
school. No longer will a teenage parent
lem of illegitimacy is not going to be
bility that I have outlined before.
be able to drop out of school and estab-
solved in an easy fashion. We must
One of the key facets of the Demo-
lish a separate household. creating the
focus on the family and do it in a way
cratic proposal that is not in the Re-
cycle of dependency that is difficult to
that is intelligent.
publican proposal is child care. That is,
break. Custodial parents under the age
The Democratic Work First program
to help recipients keep a job. child care
of 18 would be required to live at home
is called Work First-that is the
assistance will be made available to all
or, if there is some reason because of
amendment pending before the body at
those required to work or prepare for
an abusive situation or whatever other
this time-because that is what it is
work. There are three current child
reason that is meritorious that they
about. The Democratic Work First wel-
care programs. They would be consoli-
should not live at home, then there
fare plan will change the current wel-
dated into one program. We have had
would be an adult-supervised group
fare system dramatically by replacing
good work by Senator DODD and Sen-
home where parenting skills would be
the current system with a conditional
ator HATCH on this in years gone by. I
taught, where there would be employ-
entitlement program of limited dura-
conducted hearings in the State of Ne-
ment opportunities available.
tion requiring all able-bodied recipi-
vada on child care and how important
I say to my friends, a program like
ents to work, guaranteeing child care
it was. I learned firsthand, in hearings
this is not impossible. A few months
assistance. and requiring both parents
I held in Reno and Las Vegas, how crit-
ago I went to Fallon. NV. Fallon. NV.
to contribute to the support of their
ical it is, if we are going to have a suc-
is about 60 miles from Reno. It used to
children.
cessful welfare program, to have some
The Work First plan is a plan where
be an agricultural community and it
child care components.
assistance is continual. Assistance is
We also have to encourage clients to
still is. The largest naval training fa-
cility for airplanes in the world is
time limited. I think it is important
stay in jobs by making employment
that after 2 months we recognize cli-
more attractive than welfare. We have
there, Fallon Naval Air Training Cen-
ents who have signed the contract, the
talked about the importance of child
ter. It is a great facility.
Parent Empowerment Contract, are
care. We also have to talk about the
I had been asked to visit a Lutheran
working toward objectives and can con-
importance of health care. Under our
Church in Fallon. because it was part
tinue to receive assistance.
program. an amendment we will vote
of the AmeriCorps project. I went there
After 2 years, if the individual is not
on tomorrow afternoon at 4 o'clock,
and met with the priest who had moved
working, States will be required to
Medicaid coverage will be extended by
to Fallon several years before. He was
offer workfare or community service.
an additional 12 months beyond the
contacted first by the school across the
Again, tough sanctions arise to those
current 1-year transition period. It is
street from his church, saying we have
who refuse to participate in this wel-
needed. If you are going to give people
all these teenage pregnancies, could
fare program.
incentives to keep working and save
you help us? He did not know how to
The Democratic plan requires work
the Federal Government money, then
help. He said, "I cannot. I do not know
and establishes the Work First employ-
they must have the ability to have
what to do." Then he was contacted by
ment grants if States focus on work,
child care and health care.
the State Welfare Department. Finally,
providing the means and the tools
Also, we have to make sure the sta-
somebody said, "We have this
needed to get welfare recipients into
tistics are not phony. Our program
AmeriCorps project. Why do we not
jobs and to keep them in the work
counts actual work. As I have indi-
make a grant and see if we can get a
force. All able-bodied recipients must
cated earlier, the underlying bill is
program to help teenage pregnant
work.
kind of a moving target because it
girls." They made an application.
There are successful programs now.
keeps changing for reasons we have all
There is an AmeriCorps project there.
We do not know how successful; they
read about in the newspapers. But we
It brings tears to your eyes to go
have not been in existence long
must have a work performance rate
there. Mr. President, there is not a sin-
enough. We have a great program in
that is a real work performance rate.
gle person now on welfare who has been
Riverside. CA. They have sorted clients
I have talked about fathers, how they
through this program. It is right across
into two streams. Most programs put
also must be part of the program if we
the street from the high school. The
everybody in the same stream. What
are going to do something about absent
pastor, who came there to care for his
they have done is they sort clients into
parents. The burden has been on
flock, has now become devoted. His
two streams: one, those that need edu-
women. We have to divert the atten-
whole church is involved in taking care
cational assistance; and those that are
tion to make it a responsibility of par-
of these teenage girls who become
job ready.
ents, and parents includes the man.
pregnant. They are being educated.
It is a program we can look to see if
That is usually the one who avoids re-
They are getting their high school di-
it will have long-term benefits. We
sponsibility. Absent parents who are
plomas. There are people who are
have a program in Iowa that has re-
delinquent on child support payments,
working in the program. earning
ceived some rave reviews. It is a family
under our legislation, must choose to
money so they can use the money to go
investment type program designated to
enter into a repayment plan with the
to college. It is a wonderful program.
move families off welfare into self-suf-
State, community service, or try jail.
There are programs we can come up
ficient employment. The State of Or-
That is in our legislation. and I think
with to help teenage pregnant girls.
egon has a program. There are a lot of
that it is fair.
But these programs require funding.
programs that States, if they have re-
Under our legislation, we are going
So I ask everyone to take a close
sources, which will be given in this bill
to try to keep families together. Un-
look at our bill. It is a good bill. If this
that we have submitted in the form of
like the current system under which
amendment is defeated tomorrow
an amendment, States can do some
women and children receive more as-
afternoon at 4 o'clock, I hope we will
type of innovative programs.
sistance if parents are separated or di-
have an opportunity to vote on an
Our program does not say, States,
vorced. the Work First plan encourages
amendment dealing with child care and
you must do it this way. But we are
families to stay together to work their
the many other problems involved in
S12710
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
September 6, 1995
welfare reform. which are not properly
the underlying Dole amendment picks
RECESS
addressed by the Dole bill.
up our plan.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I ask
The Democratic plan addresses the
There is also a charge that the Demo-
unanimous consent that the Senate
problem of teenage pregnancy by in-
cratic substitute is weak on State in-
stand in recess for a period of 20 min-
cluding grants to States for design and
novation. The Democrat Work First
utes.
implementation of teen pregnancy pre-
plan provides States unprecedented
There being no objection. the Senate.
vention programs. I will not go into
flexibility. The States set benefit lev-
at 6:15 p.m., recessed until 6:33 p.m.:
more detail right now. but it is ex-
els. States set allowable asset limits.
whereupon, the Senate reassembled
tremely important.
States set income. Disregard policies.
when called to order by the Presiding
Paternity establishment is in our
States design their own work pro-
Officer [Mr. DEWINE].
bill. We cannot let these men escape
grams. In fact, there is a lot of similar-
Mr. SANTORUM addressed the Chair.
their responsibility. as they very often
ity here between the Democratic and
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
do. Child support enforcement is in our
Republican plans. So why do they
ator from Pennsylvania.
legislation.
charge Work First as being weak on
Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President. I
Also, I want to talk a little bit about
State innovation? It simply is not true.
suggest the absence of a quorum.
the provision in our legislation dealing
Another charge: The Democrat plan
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
with food assistance reform-food
is weak on savings.
clerk will-call the roll.
stamps-major provisions. We have one
Mr. President, the Democratic Work
The legislative clerk proceeded to
strengthening compliance, reducing
First plan saves over $20 billion. It is
call the roll.
fraud and abuse. It is an effort to
not weak on savings. The Breaux-Mi-
clamp down on the egregious abuses of
kulski plan saves as much as the Re-
the program. The Work First Program
publican plan, or as close. But it also
FAMILY SELF-SUFFICIENCY ACT
provides the following:
does not include a $23 billion unfunded
The Secretary of Agriculture may es-
The Senate continued with the con-
mandate to the States; that the States
tablish specific authorization periods
sideration of the bill.
are going to rue the day that this un-
so that stores have to reapply to con-
Mr. GRASSLEY. I ask unanimous
derlying legislation passes. They will
tinue to accept food stamp coupons and
consent that the order for the quorum
rue the day. As the Conference of May-
may establish time periods during
call be rescinded.
ors said, this will be the "mother of all
which stores have their authorization
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
unfunded mandates." The Democratic
revoked or, having had their applica-
objection, it is so ordered.
plan will result in deficit reduction
tion for authorization denied, will be
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President. a re-
without unfunded mandates to the
ineligible. Stores may be required to
cent paper by the Progressive Policy
States.
provide written verification of eligi-
Institute leveled three criticisms at
bility. The Secretary shall be required
Let me close by saying, yes, we
the Republican welfare reform plan. It
should change the present way welfare
to issue regulations allowing the sus-
is to generate short-term budget sav-
is handled. But we should not throw
pension of a store from participation in
ings, the first charge leveled: to satisfy
the program after the store is initially
the baby out with the bathwater. We
GOP Governors' demands for flexibil-
have to do a better job of being com-
found to have committed violations.
ity; and, lastly, to avoid making tough
Now they commit violations and, in
passionate but also have a bit of wis-
decisions.
effect, thumb their noses at the au-
dom in what we are doing with so-
Now, obviously. that last statement
thorities because nobody can stop them
called welfare reform.
is most ludicrous that the Progressive
from taking food stamps. Our bill
Mr. MOYNIHAN addressed the Chair.
Policy Institute leveled against us be-
changes this.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
cause we have seen the Federal Govern-
Stores that are disqualified from the
DEWINE). The Senator from New York.
ment fail on welfare reform. You know,
WIC Program shall be disqualified from
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, may
there was a massive effort made in 1988
participation in the Food-Stamp pro-
I first thank the Senator from Nevada
at the Federal level to move people
gram for the same period of time. Re-
for a careful and a thoughtful and, to
from welfare to work, to save the tax-
tail stores are disqualified perma-
this Senator, a wholly persuasive argu-
payers money. We have seen 3.1 million
nently from the Food-Stamp Program
ment.
more people on welfare now than before
for submitting false applications.
we passed our so-called welfare reform
There are other things that are impor-
plan in 1988.
tant to strengthen this provision: en-
VISIT TO THE SENATE BY SEN-
In the meantime, we have seen
hancing electronic benefit transfer,
ATOR EDUARDO MATARAZZO
States like Missouri, my State of Iowa,
strengthening requirements, and pen-
SUPLICY OF BRAZIL
the States of Wisconsin, Michigan.
alties. There are a number of things
Massachusetts, New Jersey-and I sup-
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, by a
that really make this legislation more
pose there are a lot of others that
happy circumstance, we have a visitor
important.
ought to be named-reform welfare in a
on the floor today, Senator Eduardo
I want to close by talking about a
Suplicy of the Brazilian Senate, who is
very ambitious way and in an ambi-
couple of things, in effect, to set the
the author of legislation in that Senate
tious way that we have not had the
record straight. People who oppose this
guts or the will to do here in Washing-
which will establish a guaranteed na-
amendment charge that the Work First
ton, DC, at the congressional level.
tional income in Brazil and is now in
plan is weak on work. This claim
And we have seen through State action
debate in that assembly. It is a matter
comes from the same people who only a
that has been discussed on this floor
people move from welfare to work and
short time ago approved and reported a
today. So it is very serendipitous in-
saving the taxpayers money. In my
plan out of committee with no partici-
own State of Iowa we have 2,000 less
deed.
pation requirements.
people on welfare than 3 years ago
So I say in response to that charge
RECESS
when we passed the welfare reform
that their plan was not even about
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President. I ask
plan. We have seen our monthly checks
workers; it was about shoveling people
unanimous consent that the Senate
go from an average of $360 down to $340.
from one program to another with no
might stand in recess for 1 minute in
And we have seen the highest percent-
emphasis on work, with no emphasis,
order to welcome our colleague from
age of any State in the Nation of peo-
no work requirement at all, and now
Brazil, Senator Eduardo Suplicy.
ple who are on welfare moving to work,
they have dropped their participation
[Applause]
at 35 percent.
requirements and instead have adopted
There being no objection, the Senate.
So can you believe it, Mr. President.
our work standards, the standards in
at 6:12 p.m., recessed until 6:15 p.m.;
that the Progressive Policy Institute
this amendment pending before this
whereupon, the Senate reassembled
would level a charge that we are trying
body. So try to explain to me how the
when called to order by the Presiding
to avoid making tough decisions when
Democrat plan is weak on work when
Officer [Mr. DEWINE].
we have failed at tough decisions or we
Wednesday, September 6, 1995
Daily Digest
HIGHLIGHTS
Senate passed Department of Defense Authorizations, 1996.
House passed Legislative Branch Appropriations conference report.
Senate
Chamber Action
(5) By 85 yeas to 13 nays (Vote No. 398), Nunn
Amendment No. 2425, to establish a missile defense
Routine Proceedings, pages S12649-S12751
policy.
Pages S12649, S12653-68
Measures Introduced: Eighteen bills were intro-
Senate insisted on its amendment, and requested
duced, as follows: S. 1201-1218.
Pages S12715-16
a conference with the House thereon.
Page S12675
Measures Passed:
Subsequently, S. 1026 was indefinitely postponed.
Page S12675
Department of Defense Authorizations, 1996:
The Committee on Armed Services was discharged
Department of Defense Authorizations, 1996:
from further consideration of H.R. 1530, to author-
Senate passed S. 1124, to authorize appropriations
ize appropriations for fiscal year 1996 for military
for fiscal year 1996 for military activities of the De-
activities of the Department of Defense, for military
partment of Defense, and to prescribe personnel
construction, for defense activities of the Department
strengths for such fiscal year for the Armed Forces,
of Energy, and to prescribe personnel strengths for
after striking all after the enacting clause and insert-
such fiscal year for the Armed Forces and, by 64 yeas
ing in lieu thereof Division A of S. 1026, as amend-
ed.
to 34 nays (Vote No. 399), the bill was then passed,
Page S12675
after striking all after the enacting clause and insert-
Military Construction Authorizations, 1996:
ing in lieu thereof the text of S. 1026, Senate com-
Senate passed S. 1125, to authorize appropriations
panion measure, as amended, and after taking action
for fiscal year 1996 for military construction, after
on amendments proposed thereto, as follows:
striking all after the enacting clause and inserting in
Pages S12649-76
lieu thereof Division B of S. 1026, as amended.
Adopted:
Page S12675
(1) Warner Amendment No. 2461, to state the
Energy National Security: Senate passed S. 1126,
sense of the Senate on negotiations between the Sec-
to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1996 for
retary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the
defense activities of the Department of Energy, after
Governor of the State of Idaho regarding the ship-
striking all after the enacting clause and inserting in
ment of spent nuclear fuel from naval reactors.
lieu thereof Division C of S. 1026, as amended.
Pages S12649-51
Page S12675
(2) Nunn (for Levin) Amendment No. 2462, to
Family Self-Sufficiency Act: Senate resumed con-
authorize the Secretary of Defense to use leasing in
sideration of H.R. 4, to restore the American family,
the acquisition of commercial vehicles when such
reduce illegitimacy, control welfare spending and re-
leasing is practicable and efficient.
Page S12651
duce welfare dependence, with a committee amend-
(3) Warner (for Kyl) Amendment No. 2463, to
ment in the nature of a substitute, taking action on
place a limitation on the use of funds for cooperative
amendments proposed thereto, as follows:
threat reduction for dismantlement and destruction
Pages S12680-S12715
of chemical weapons.
Pages S12651-53
Pending:
(4) Warner (for Thurmond) Amendment No.
(1) Dole Modified Amendment No. 2280, of a
2464, to make technical corrections.
Page S12653
perfecting nature.
Page S12680
D 1042
September 6, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-DAILY DIGEST
1043
(2) Daschle Modified Amendment No. 2282 (to
Transmitting the report on Federal Advisory
Amendment No. 2280), in the nature of a sub-
Committees for fiscal year 1994; referred to the
stitute.
Page S12682
Committee on Governmental Affairs. (PM-78).
A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro-
Page S12715
viding for further consideration of the bill on Thurs-
Messages From the President:
Pages S12715-16
day, September 7, 1995, with a vote on the pending
Statements on Introduced Bills:
Daschle Amendment No. 2282 to occur at 4 p.m.
Pages S12716-36
Page S12706
Additional Cosponsors:
Pages S12736-37
Removal of Injunction of Secrecy: The injunction
Amendments Submitted:
Pages S12737-45
of secrecy was removed from the following treaties:
Authority for Committees:
Page S12745
Investment Treaty with Albania (Treaty Doc. No.
Additional Statements:
Pages S12745-50
104-19).
Treaty with Hungary on Legal Assistance in
Record Votes: Two record votes were taken today.
(Total-399)
Criminal Matters (Treaty Doc. No. 104-20); and
Pages S12668, S12675
Treaty with Austria on Legal Assistance in Crimi-
Recess: Senate convened at 9:15 a.m., and recessed
nal Matters (Treaty Doc. No. 104-21).
at 7:43 p.m., until 9:30 a.m., on Thursday, Septem-
The treaties were transmitted to the Senate today,
ber 7, 1995. (For Senate's program, see the remarks
considered as having been read for the first time, and
of the Acting Majority Leader in today's RECORD on
referred, with accompanying papers, to the Commit-
page S12750.)
tee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed.
Page S12750
Committee Meetings
Messages From the President: Senate received the
(Committees not listed did not meet)
following messages from the President of the United
States:
RUBY RIDGE INCIDENT
Transmitting the report of the activities of the
Committee on the Judiciary: Committee began hearings
U.S. Government in the United Nations during cal-
to examine certain Federal law enforcement actions
endar year 1994; referred to the Committee on For-
with regard to the 1992 incident at Ruby Ridge,
eign Relations. (PM-77).
Page S12715
Idaho, receiving testimony from Randall and Sara
Weaver, both of Grand Junction, Iowa.
Hearings continue tomorrow.
House of Representatives
Chamber Action
H.R. 2150, to amend the Small Business Act and
the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 to re-
Bills Introduced: 15 public bills, H.R. 2259-2273;
duce the cost to the Federal Government of guaran-
and 4 resolutions, H. Con. Res. 99-100, and H.
teeing certain loans and debentures, amended (H.
Res. 213-214 were introduced.
Pages H8596-97
Report 104-239).
Page H8596
Reports Filed: Reports were filed as follows:
Speaker Pro Tempore: Read a letter from the
H.R. 1815, to authorize appropriations for the
Speaker wherein he designates Representative Everett
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
to act as Speaker pro tempore for today. Page H8539
for fiscal year 1996, amended (H. Rept. 104-237,
Part I, filed on August 4, 1995);
Recess: House recessed at 1:31 p.m. and reconvened
at 4 p.m.
Page H8555
H.R. 1594, to place restrictions on the promotion
by the Department of Labor and other Federal agen-
Legislative Branch Appropriations: By a recorded
cies and instrumentalities of economically targeted
vote of 305 ayes to 101 noes, Roll No. 638, the
investments in connection with employee benefit
House agreed to the conference report on H.R.
plans, amended (H. Rept. 104-238, filed on Sep-
1854, making appropriations for the Legislative
tember 1, 1995); and
Branch for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1996.
Pages H8572-78
E682
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
March 24, 1995
bill in this Congress should the latest diplo-
Princz and his family were American na-
uine Holocaust trial take place .n an Amer-
matic efforts to resolve the case founder.
tionals living in Slovakia in 1942 when the
ican courtroom.
Much has been written about the Princz
German SS-assisted by Slovak Collabo-
case, but a superb column by Eric Beindel,
rators-sent them to the Maidanek death
editorial page editor of the New York Post, de-
camp in Poland because they were Jewish.
COMMENDING NATIONAL SERVICE
Twenty years old at the time, Princz had
scribes the Princz story in especially eloquent
been born an American citizen. The Princz
and dramatic detail. Entitled "Germans stick to
family-blessed with valid U.S. citizenship
HON. GEORGE MILLER
'principle'-and the price is decency," it was
papers-should have been able to join a Red
OF CALIFORNIA
published in the Post on January 19, 1995.
Cross prisoner-exchange transport. But in
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mr. Speaker, I ask its inclusion in the RECORD
the night and go of war. Princz. his parents
and urge my colleagues to read it.
and five siblings were hustled onto
Thursday. March 23. 1995
I want to underscore one point made by Mr.
Maidanek-bound cattle cars.
Mr. M LLER of California. Mr. Speaker, in
Briendel. He rightly praises the key role in the
It's well to note that Princz and his father
tried many times to secure appropriate pa-
light of the continuing debate about increasing
Princz matter played by William R. Marks, a
pers for passage to America during the
Federal fiscal responsibility, it is extremely im-
D.C. attorney, and his firm, Atlanta-based
course of 1938 and 1939; despite their des-
portant that we recognize those programs that
Powell, Goldstein, Frazer & Murphy. Mr.
perate circumstances-as Jews under im-
offer a substantial national return on the Fed-
Marks and Powell, Goldstein-led in this effort
pending Nazi rule-they were rebuffed by the
eral investment. One such initiative, the Na-
by partner Simon Lazarus-have been tireless
U.S. embassy in Prague.
tional and Community Service Program, is a
champions of Mr. Princz since they took the
Apart from. the curious fact of their na-
successful Federal program which provides
case on 20 months ago. They have so suc-
tionality. the Princz family's fate was akin
volunteer placements for young people who
cessfully raised its profile on the political, dip-
to that experienced by most East European
Jews. Both his parents and his three sisters
choose to perform thousands of hours of work
lomatic and media fronts that a breakthrough
were shipped to Treblinka from Maidanek
serving their country in return for educational
may finally be possible. And that they accept-
and gassed on arrival. Hugo and his brothers
assistance. Unfortunately, this program is also
ed the case pro bono is a true testament to
spent most of the war as slaves at Auschwitz.
one of the many victims of misplaced Repub-
their commitment to resolving this unique hu-
Both brothers perished. Princz himself was
lican budgetary cuts.
manitarian issue.-I commend Mr. Marks, Mr.
tasked with stacking the bodies of his fellow
As my colleagues are aware, the National
Lazarus, and Powell, Goldstein, and look for-
Jews after they were murdered. Near the
and Community Service Program took a large
ward to continued work with them and with
war's end, he was marched into the German
interior and wound up as a slave laborer at
hit in the recent House-passed rescissions bill.
Steven Perles, Mr. Princz' top-notch litigation
Dachau-where he was liberated in 1945 by
In response to this action, I would like to draw
attorney, as we try and bring this case to a
U.S. troops.
your attention to Mary McGrory's article in to-
successful conclusion.
As an American. Prinez was spared inter-
day's Washington Post which complements
[From the New York Post. Jan. 19, 1995]
ment in a Displaced Persons camp: After
the program as a "model enterprise." The arti-
GERMANS STICK TO "PRINCIPLE"-AND THE
recuperating in a U.S. military hospital. he
cle describes "rampaging Republicans" in the
PRICE IS DECENCY
came to the U.S.-finally-in 1946.
House who would like to eliminate National
(By Eric Breindel)
This circumstance caused the German gov-
ernment to reject his original 1955 applica-
Service even though the program is over-
Tuesday's refusal by the U.S. Supreme
tion for reparations: Insofar as he hadn't
whelmingly supported by both Democratic and
Court to hear the case of Hugo Princz-a 72-
been either a German national or a DP.
Republican Governors across the Nation and
year-old Holocaust survivor who wants to
Princz was declared ineligible, notwithstand-
by the communities that are recipients of the
sue the German government in an American
ing Germany's professed willingness to rec-
valuable work performed.
court-will be hailed by well-meaning law-
ognize its moral obligation to make restitu-
yers as a victory for the ancient principle of
In 1994, approximately 20,000 AmeriCorps
tion to Holocaust survivors.
"sovereign immunity."
volunteers worked to confront unmet human,
After 37 years of humiliating application
In fact, Hugo Princz's story represents a
and reapplication. Princz filed suit in federal
educational, environmental and public health
case study in the abandonment of ordinary
court in 1992. The German government had
needs. Roughly 350 of these volunteers
decency for abstract principle.
broadened its eligibility criteria in 1965, but
worked in eight units of the National Forest
The Princz affair is almost a Manichean
failed to notify Princz. When he finally sub-
System to combat the severe backlog of main-
morality play. Princz himself, who endured
mitted new forms. the long-suffering survi-
tenance, improvement, and rehabilitation
the ultimate in barbarism as a Jewish in-
vor was told that the statute had lapsed.
needs-work which is important but far from
mate at Maidanek, Auschwitz and Dachau, is
Princz's lawsuit required him to advance a
driven by a quest to realize some semblance
glamorous. The task undertaken on our public
serious damages claim-thus, he's seeking
of justice-to make his tormentors pay. if
lands are those which are too undesirable or
$17 million for "false imprisonment; assault
only in a meager. monetary way, for abusing
and battery and infliction of emotional dis-
too costly for Forest Service personnel or con-
him and murdering his family.
tress." (It's wrenching to see the Holocaust
tract employees to perform. Yet, this work di-
The Germans are animated in part by par-
reduced to the language of tort law.) He also
rectly benefits all Americans. Some of the
simony and in great measure by a deter-
seeks payment from private German firms
AmeriCorps' accomplishments in the national
mination to close the book on a past they've
for the slave labor he performed.
forests include:
never fully been willing to face. Meanwhile.
The real debt may not be $17 million, if it's
In San Bernardino National Forest, in Cali-
handicapped by an addiction to absolute
calculated in accordance with what other
fornia, AmeriCorps volunteers have taken im-
order and an aversion to creative problem-
survivors were awarded. (Prinez insists that
solving. Berlin refuses to recognize that
his goal is retroactive parity.) Still. the debt
portant steps to prevent erosion by rehabilitat-
dealing with Hugo Princz as a special case
is a good deal larger that the $3,400 lump-
ing 12,000 acres-of land burned by fires;
would have spared Germany a good deal of
sum payment. plus a $340-per-month stipend.
In Six Rivers National Forest, also in Califor-
unhappy publicity.
that Germany's lawyers offered-Princz Tues-
nia, National Service volunteers have rehabili-
Notwithstanding the Supreme Court's rul-
day after the high court ruled against him.
tated 3.5 miles of hiking and horse trails and
ing. the Princz story isn't over-largely be-
The Germans claim they can't strike an
reforested and restored wildlife habit on 10
cause the aging survivor has managed to find
entirely separate deal with Princz, lest doing
acres of land which was once a gold mine
vocal champions. Two of them stand out
so invite additional litigation. ("The concern
Rep. Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.) and William
waste area;
is groundless. Princz's circumstances are en-
R. Marks. a young. Washington-based lawyer
tirely unique.") On a less than compelling
Volunteers planted 2,390 trees in several
who's taken on Princz as a pro bono client.
note. the Germans contend that the settle-
campgrounds, enhanced fish habitat, built a
Marks, a graduate of Harvard and George-
ment they're now offering is "all' the German
nature trail, and improved timber stands in the
town. persuaded his law firm colleagues that
government can afford."
Rouge River National Forest in Oregon.
Princz's struggle against the German gov-
This sordid business has gone far enough.
AmeriCorps volunteers have also improved
ernment deserved attention for humani-
If Berlin can find funds to pay military pen-
overall forest health on 55 acres by pruning
tarian reasons. Schumer, a powerful House
sions to ex-members of the murderous Lat-
second growth trees;
Democrat and skillful parliamentarian.
vian SS. it should be possible to locate
In Washington's Olympic National Forest,
means to introduce legislation that would
money to "compensate" Hugo Princz.
strip Germany of its sovereign immunity for
AmeriCorps volunteers have maintained 4
Schumer's bill-which has lots of cospon-
"acts of genocide" committed against Amer-
sors and supporters on both sides of the aisle
miles of trails, rehabilitated campground sites,
ican citizens. The bill. in short, would apply
and in both houses of Congress-may help
completed handicapped access in six recre-
only to Princz. There is not other living
concentrate Berlin's mind and promote a
ation sites, completed restoration of two his-
American who survived the Nazi Holocaust
focus on settling the case. After all, it's hard
toric sites, surveyed species habitat, and
as a U.S. citizen.
to imagine that Germany wants to see a gen-
pruned 120 acres of timber stands:
March 24, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
E683
In the Arizona National Forests, volunteers
socks. But a recent Washington Post-ABC
memorative. But it is worthwhile too for all
maintained 15 miles of trails, rehabilitated 10
poll shows that the public thinks Repub-
Americans to know that Judge Burke should
campground sites, improved wildlife habitat on
licans have gone too far. And in his effort to
also be honored as the author.
300 acres, and obliterated 2 miles of road, re-
save programs for the poor, Clinton has
picked up some unexpected allies; the
REAL FOUNDER OF SPECIAL OLYMPICS HAPPY
turning the land to its natural state; and
Roman Catholic bishops. They were reserved
WITH SELECTION OF SHRIVER
AmeriCorps volunteers improved paths and
about him during the campaign because of
(By Michel E. Orzano)
maintained roads in Bienville National Forest
his abortion rights stand. But they think
The woman who founded the Special Olym-
in Mississippi.
now that pitiless Republicans pose a worse
pics in 1968 is pleased that the games for
These accomplishments represent only
threat of increased abortions.
mentally and physically handicapped chil-
some of the projects AmeriCorps participants
The Republicans' greatest tactical mistake
dren and adults will be recognized with a
have completed. Elsewhere across the Nation,
was to meddle with the school lunch pro-
commemorative coin.
AmeriCorps volunteers have performed emer-
gram, a popular and scandal-free operation
But her portrait won't be the one on the
gency response work to mitigate the effects of
that has helped many a hungry child get
1995 Special Olympics silver dollar com-
through the school day. In vain. the Repub-
memorative. That's because Anne Burke of
floods, fires and earthquakes, cleaned-up our
licans protested that they had not cut the
Chicago-former Chicago physical education
urban areas, increased disaster prevention ef-
funds but merely slowed the increase in the
teacher, retired lawyer and judge-not Eu-
forts and worked with citizens to improve their
growth rate. Nonetheless, the ranks have
nice Shriver Kennedy. is the real founder of
quality of life.
begun to wince in the iron corset of the con-
the games.
Mr. Speaker, I would ask that my colleagues
tract. and this week, 102 members rebelled
The law authorizing the coin permits the
remember that the entire Nation reaps the
against tax breaks for the rich.
striking of 800,000 silver dollars and each will
bear a $10 per coin surcharge going to the
benefits of the National Service Program.
The Democrats, who have been having
their best week since the calamity of Nov. 8.
Special Olympics. The Citizens Commemora-
[From the Washington Post. Mar. 23, 1995]
were sporting "Save the Children" neckties
tive Coin Advisory Committee rejected the
CRIB DEATH FOR NATIONAL SERVICE
on the House floor.
Idea of a portrait of a living American but
(By Mary McGrory)
Ell Segal, the chief executive officer of the
Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin ap-
The -Republicans' strangling of na-
National Service Corps, has been summoned
proved the design choice. Shriver will be-
tional service in its crib has to be seen not
before the House Appropriations Subcommit-
come the first living American woman to
as a criticism of the agency's performance
tee on Housing and Urban Development and
have her portrait on a coin and only the fifth
Veterans Affairs for a discussion of the 1996
living American to bear that distinction.
but simply as another expression of the
budget, which since the House action stands
Chicagoan Burke, who now serves as spe-
party leadership's notion that no govern-
at $159 million. a sum that prohibits serious
cial counsel on child welfare to Illinois Gov.
ment program is worth a damn.
If they were going by performance, the Re-
action.
Jim Edgar, told Coin World that she's pleased
publicans might have to applaud AmeriCorps
He has been traveling the country inspect-
the program she started will benefit from the
as a model enterprise. It is modestly funded,
ing the workers, deriving solace from mod-
coin. But as far as the claim of founder goes,
locally directed and dramatic evidence that
erate Republican governors who are keen
that resides with Burke.
American youth is not cynical or self-serv-
about the corps' activities in conflict resolu-
In 1965, Burke, then Anne McGlone. was a
tion. environmental cleanup. tutoring and
young physical education teacher who
ing. AmeriCorps has had rave reviews from
other contributions to urban peace. They
taught mentally retarded youngsters in a
coast to coast for its 20,000 volunteers, who
agree with him that pulling the plug after
special summer program sponsored by the
are doing things nobody else tackles, every-
less than a year is bad practice. Segal's hope
Chicago Park District. By 1967. she said,
thing from helping to build housing for the
is that they will transmit their enthusiasm
there were 10 locations throughout the
poor and tutoring inner-city school pupils to
cleaning polluted streams in Baltimore's wa-
to their brother moderates in the Senate,
Chicagoland area with 150 children partici-
tershed.
which has become the haven for storm-tossed
pating in the free program.
Burke said she knew at the time there
A case in point is Howard Hogin, a 1994
programs.
were probably more people out there who
graduate of Georgetown University. He is
Republican Christopher Shays of Connecti-
could benefit from involvement in sports and
living in a cramped barracks at the Aberdeen
cut was the only member of his party to vote
other activities because there wasn't manda-
Proving Grounds. He spent September fight-
against the amendment that mortally
tory education for mentally retarded people.
ing forest fires in Idaho and much of the fall
wounded national service. He is a Peace
But, she said, she also knew families of men-
in helping build a riding ring for disabled
Corps alumnus and believes passionately in
tally retarded children and adults were often
children. Now he's trying to clean up Mary-
the importance of youthful involvement.
very protective of them and shunned involve-
land's polluted steams. He hopes to pay off
"A colossal mistake." he calls his party's
ment in public programs.
his college loans, AmeriCorps pays its work-
action. "I hope the president has the for-
But by the end of the summer of 1967, after
ers a minimum wage and an annual $4,725 to-
titude to veto the bill. I would support his
Burke and participants put on the play "The
ward college expenses.
veto."
Sound of Music," Chicago Park officials were
Service is in Hogin's genes, and by his fam-
80 pleased with the response they sanctioned
Ily's standards, he is a big success. His par-
her idea of a sponsoring a citywide track
ents are both social workers and his ances-
REAL FOUNDER OF SPECIAL
meet for mentally retarded youngsters the
tors experienced big trouble. like the Irish
OLYMPICS HAPPY WITH SELEC-
following summer.
famine and the Holocaust. He says lots of his
TION OF SHRIVER
Once she was given the official green light.
Georgetown classmates have the same im-
Burke turned her attention to planning the
pulse to leave the country a better place but
HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR.
event that fall and winter. Burke said while
"Just can't afford to do it."
refining the idea, a professor she was work-
Hogin is tactful about the mugging
OF INDIANA
ing with at Southern Illinois University sug-
AmeriCorps suffered when the House cut $416
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
gested she contact the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
million. or 72 percent, from its $575 million
Thursday, March 23, 1995
Foundation to request funding for the pro-
budget. He was voted outstanding teenage
posed program.
Republican in his high school class. "I under-
Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, if one were to
Shortly thereafter. Burke wrote to Shriv-
stand that we have tremendous deficits and
say that President John F. Kennedy launched
er, she said, who was living in Paris with her
the taxpayers are heavily burdened. but if we
the Peace Corps, one would be right. But if
husband, Sargent Shriver, then ambassador
give up what is best about America. what
one were to say that President John F. Ken-
to France. Burke said Shriver was intrigued
kind of a legacy do we leave?"
nedy thought up the Peace Corps, one would
with the Idea and suggested a meeting in
No such considerations figured in the
be mistaken. The author was Hubert Hum-
Washington, D.C.
thinking of House Republicans. The rap on
After meeting with Shriver, Burke said she
AmeriCorps was not just that It was a gov-
phrey.
re-wrote the proposal including Shriver's
ernment program. it is Bill Clinton's favor-
If one were to say that the nobly civil mind-
suggestion to involve children from other
ite program. Said Rules Committee Chair-
ed Eunice Kennedy Shriver brought her con-
states and re-submitted her funding request.
man Gerald B.H. Solomon, "It's get-even
siderable talents to bear in order to launch the
The foundation responded with $25,000 for the
time."
Special Olympics nationally, one would be
program. Burke invited Shriver to attend
It is also get-nervous time for the rampag-
right. But if one were to say that Ms. Shriver
the 1st National Chicago Special Olympics,
ing Republicans. They are winning victory
thought up the idea of a Special Olympics,
which were held July 20. 1968. Children from
after victory on the floor. but they are losing
In public opinion. They have long since
one would be mistaken. Judge Ann McGlone
23 different states participated that year
and, as Burke notes, "The rest is history."
maintained that they know exactly what
Burke is the author of the idea.
She said she is still actively involved with
Nov. 8 was about. that the country wanted
As Judge Burke has generously said, she is
the Special Olympics program in the Chicago
government to be shrunk and ordinary peo-
happy that Ms. Shriver is being honored by
area. Her concern for children has always
pie, especially the poor. to pull up their
the 1995 Special Olympics Silver Dollar Com-
seemed to touch her professional life as a
S5636
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
April 25, 1995
As of the close of business yesterday.
member and reaffirm that lesson every
of the world. He was a passionate advo-
Monday, April 24, the Federal debt
day of the year.
cate for refugees. and as executive di-
stood-down to the penny-at exactly
Why must we remember the lesson
rector of the Refugee Defense Commit-
$4.839,548,467,525.15 or $18,371.01 for
every day of the year? The reason is
tee from 1946 to 1947, he was instrumen-
every man. woman. and child on a per
simple: Community service programs
tal in ending the inhumane practice of
capita basis.
work.
forcible repatriation of war time refu-
Just look at the resounding success
gees to the Communist eastern bloc.
of AmeriCorps. AmeriCorps gives thou-
David was legendary in the Senate
A NATIONAL DAY OF SERVICE
sands of young Americans the tools to
for the breadth and depth of his exper-
Mr. ROCKEFELLER Mr. President, I
make a difference in their own lives
tise. During the 11 years he served on
commend Americans who are partici-
and in the lives of others.
my father's staff, David was a key
pating in the National Day of Service.
AmeriCorps participants perform
mover behind the eventual adoption of
Today, people all across this Nation
vital services in America. Just over 6
the limited test ban treaty. He also ad-
are working together in community
months ago, 85 West. Virginians were
vised my father on a range of foreign
service. As we speak, people of all ages
sworn into AmeriCorps. Today they are
policy hot spots, from Germany to Af-
and backgrounds are using their hands
working with 20,000 people nationwide
rica, from the Dominican Republic to
and hearts to show their American
to keep schools safe, restore natural re-
Southeast Asia.
spirit.
sources, tutor teenagers, and more-all
After working for my father, David
This day should remind us all of what
in exchange for education.
went on to the Senate Judiciary Com-
it means to be an American, for today,
Programs like AmeriCorps simulta-
mittee, where he organized hearings on
our people are standing side by side.
neously open doors to higher education
marijuana that are generally credited
They are gathering, not to discuss
and help build stronger communities.
with alerting the public to the true
their differences, but to pursue com-
They allow Americans to help. each
danger of the drug.
mon goals.
other, and build trust, understanding,
David's first wife, Judy Asti, whom
Today, Americans are standing side
and hope.
he married in 1947, died in 1971. He re-
by side immunizing infants. They are
Mr. President, I am proud to stand in
married in 1974 to Virginia Worek
standing side by side tutoring school-
support. of the National Day of Service.
Levy. He is survived by Virginia, as
age children. They are standing side by
I salute everyone working in commu-
well as his two children, Joe and Re-
side restoring urban parks, feeding and
nity service. I congratulate each of
becca: his brother, Maurice Manson:
sheltering the homeless, and rehabili-
them for making a difference.
and two stepsons, Ian and Raoul Levy.
tating housing and community centers.
Today we live in a better country and
Today, we stand united as Americans.
a better world thanks to David Martin.
In West Virginia, people in Braxton
TRIBUTE TO DAVID MARTIN
I think that is among the highest
County will work together to create a
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise
praise that can be given to an individ-
nature trail near the Braxton County
today to pay tribute to David Martin, a
ual who has passed away, and in David
Middle School so students can learn
distinguished public servant, an inquis-
Martin's case it is richly deserved.
more about their environment. In
itive adventurer, and a uniquely warm
Welch, people are working to clean a
individual.
vacant school so it can be converted in
I came to know David when he served
ANNIVERSARY OF COL. CHARLES
a facility to offer a safe shelter for vic-
on the staff of my father, the late Sen-
SHELTON CAPTURE IN LAOS
tims of domestic violence by the local
ator Thomas J. DODD. To my siblings
Mr. FORD. Mr. President, Saturday.
agency known as SAFE, Stop Abusive
and me, however, David Martin was
April 29 marks the 30th anniversary of
Family Environments. These activities
much more than an employee of one of
Col. Charles Shelton's capture in
for National Youth Service Day are
our parents. He was more like a be-
Southeast Asia.
just a few examples of important com-
loved uncle and insightful teacher
Colonel Shelton grew up in my home-
munity work sponsored by the West
wrapped into one.
town, Owensboro, KY, where you could
Virginia Commission National and
I recall spending a number of delight-
find him playing football for the high
Community Service.
ful evenings at David's home with my
school team, courting his wife, and de-
This day strikes a warm, familiar
family engaged in stimulating con-
veloping the values that would later
chord for me personally. From personal
versation. One could not come away
serve him so well as he served his coun-
experience, I know the benefit of work-
from talking with David Martin with-
try.
ing with others to build better commu-
out learning something new. He was a
Like so many other dedicated Amer-
nities.
gripping conversationalist.
ican soldiers, the day he left the United
In 1964, the VISTA program brought
He was very unassuming and did not
States to fly secret reconnaissance
me to a coal camp community in
aggressively advertise his superior
missions over Laos, he put his life on
Emmons. WV. There, I followed Ken-
knowledge. You had to probe to find
hold. whether that meant the dreams
nedy's call to service and worked with
that rich vein. but once you succeeded,
and ambitions of an individual life, or
the people of Emmons, trying to do my
your reward was real and immediate.
the simple pleasure of watching his
small part in building a stronger com-
David had such a dynamic and engag-
five children grow into adults.
munity.
ing intellect that he was a magnet for
But. when he was shot down on April
Together. we built a baseball field
some of the 20th century's foremost au-
29 and captured. the notion of putting a
and a community center. We brought
thors and thinkers. He counted Ralph
life on hold took on a new and horrible
the people much needed preventative
Ellison, George Orwell, Norman Mailer,
dimension for Colonel Shelton and his
health care. We rallied to bring a
William F. Buckley, Jr., and Edward
family. That's because for the next 29
schoolbus to Emmons and helped to
Teller among his friends.
years. Colonel Shelton remained an of-
keep Emmons' kids in school.
David's biography is so varied and
ficial prisoner of war-the final U.S.
From personal experience, I know
fascinating that it reads more like that
military personnel to be so listed by
that community service benefits par-
of a protagonist in a novel than a real-
the American Government.
ticipants as much as it benefits com-
life individual. He was a veteran, a war
Because of numerous reports of
munities. My work with VISTA taught
correspondent, a noted author of politi-
sightings and escape attempts well into
me a very important lesson: That I can
cal science, a human rights advocate
the 1980's. it wasn't until 1994 that his
make a difference.
and a legislative expert. He even co-
children requested the Pentagon to
Today. the people of America cele-
ordinated Richard Byrd's last expedi-
change his status to presumed killed in
brate that same lesson: Each and every
tion to the South pole. David Martin
action.
American can make a difference.
was a true renaissance man.
While we can't begin to imagine what
Let us all be careful not to forget
His three books on Yugoslavia are
this wait was like for Colonel Shelton
that important lesson at the end of the
still required reading for anyone who
or his family. we can pay tribute to his
National Day of Service. Let us re-
wants to understand that troubled part
service and to the ordeal he and his
March 14, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
I3089
Even if the employer makes a good-
level is model what the average family
We are totally taking away summer
faith effort to provide rescue services,
does at their kitchen table. At the av-
jobs. We are taking away many of the
he or she could still be hit with a pro-
erage family kitchen table when times
youth programs. We are cutting back
hibitive fine if it does not meet with
get tough, the last thing they do to
many of the others so that localities
OSHA's ambitious standard.
make budget ends meet is cut the chil-
are going to be really strapped. and I
Mr. Speaker, now OSHA claims that
dren. They will try to hold the children
must say, as the prior gentlewoman
the employers' compliance with this
harmless from budget cuts absolutely
from Oregon said, when you are taking
proposed revision will not be based
as long as possible, and yet this week.
63 percent of these cuts out of a group
solely upon a rescue service's actual
the first thing we are going to do as we
of programs that only make up 12 per-
performance during any single inci-
try to find the first round of budget
cent of the discretionary budget. I
dence, but rather upon the employer's
cuts, and these are just for big tax cuts
think we are going down real heavy on
total effort to ensure that the prospec-
and they are for disaster relief in Cali-
the kids.
tive rescue service is indeed capable in
fornia, we are going to cut children.
This is not across the board. We are
terms of timeliness and training and
That is going to be our very first thing,
not going after $600 toilet seats. Oh, no.
equipment of performing an effective
our very first budget cut act. Heaven
those are sacred cows. We are not going
rescue, but what we have seen in the
only knows what we will do to them
after other things. No no, those are sa-
past is that OSHA implements a rule or
when we get to the next round where
cred cows. Why? Because they have po-
a standard that sounds very reasonable
we are dealing with the deficit.
litical action committees that can
in the Federal Register or before a con-
Now I remind you that children did
come protect them with all sorts of
gressional hearing: however, when a
not cause this deficit, nor are they ask-
money for campaigns. They can orga-
rule is enforced out in the field, it is
ing for big tax cuts. They would just
nize and they can vote.
used as a big stick to harass hard-
like a school lunch, thank you, and
Children don't vote. They don't have
working Americans.
they did not cause the disaster in Cali-
political action committees, and I
Is this just another way for OSHA to
think if we are going to be the best
fine hard-working Americans and col-
fornia or other places. But I think the
that we can be, we have got to recon-
lect more money for the Federal Treas-
thing that is really harming and the
sider these cuts this week because I
ury? Not until a great outcry is heard
reason I think our priorities are so
think it is really-maybe you think it
does OSHA consider providing a clari-
wrong right now is that while this body
is penny wise, but it is long term and
fication of its standards or rules in
has been discussing risk assessment,
pound foolish.
order to ensure that it is not used.to
risk assessment, risk assessment, and
harass hard-working Americans. OSHA
we were doing this all across the board
has shown again and again that regu-
when it came to regulations, and many
RESCISSION CUTS ON JOBS
latory excess is an addiction and they
people agree, yes, we should look at
PROGRAMS
just cannot seem to kick the habit.
that, but why are we not looking at the
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
Mr. Speaker, I hope that in this case,
risk assessment on the next generation
the Speaker's announced policy of Jan-
OSHA's enforcement of its rules does
of children which will people America's
uary 4, 1995, the gentleman from Texas,
not cause more problems than it is in-
21st century if we continue on with
Mr. GENE GREEN is recognized during
tended to prevent. You can be sure that
these budget cuts?
morning business for 5 minutes.
I will be watching and listening just in
Now, what are some of the things
Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas. Mr.
case this is not true.
that we know? When I chaired the
Speaker, I rise today to talk about two
OSHA is one agency that has turned
Committee on Children, Youth and
programs. First this week we will be
a reasonable and an important mission
Families, we had all sorts of CEOs from
considering a rescission bill and the ac-
into a bureaucratic nightmare for the
corporate America join us looking at
tivities that I was involved in over the
American economy. Common sense was
the cost-effectiveness of Federal dol-
weekend, but also talk a little bit
long ago shown the door over at OSHA.
lars spent for children. and the best
about the School Lunch Program. But
OSHA is one agency that needs to be
money you can save is investing in a
first let me talk about the rescission
restructured, reinvented, or just plain
young child, because you are saving it
bill that Congress will be voting on
removed.
later on, saving it later on.
this week.
We got all sorts of incredible num-
This last Saturday in Houston, I had
bers that area big surprise. If you vac-
the opportunity to, at 8 o'clock in the
BE ALL YOU CAN BE
cinate every child-and as you well
morning, to go to our city hall in the
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
know, America is way behind in vac-
city of Houston and see hundreds of
the Speaker's announced policy of Jan-
cinating children. many Third World
young people and not so young people
uary 4, 1995, the gentlewoman from
countries do a much better job-the
who were there at 8 o'clock on a Satur-
Colorado [Mrs. SCHROEDER] is recog-
studies we have been showed is that it
day morning getting prepared to go out
nized during morning business for 5
is $14 to the taxpayer later on. So one
and work in the community.
minutes.
dollar for a vaccination, every one dol-
The rescission bill we are going to
Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I
lar spent on that saved $14 later on.
vote on this week will definitely cut
am very proud to take the well today
That is not a bad deal. I have never
part of the national service, the
wearing this ribbon which was given to
been able to invest my money like that
Americorps Program that serves Hous-
me by the Girl Scouts, because the Girl
in any other area.
ton, and I have served Houston Pro-
Scouts today are asking adults to wear
When you put children into Head
gram in Texas. We started with really
this ribbon and be the best that they
Start, for every dollar we spent on
no program last year and we have be-
can be. I think that that is a good
Head Start, you could show a $6 saving
come such a great serving institution
motto for all of us as Americans. We
in special education that the taxpayer
for the community.
probably ought to do it everyday, but
would pick up. For feeding children, for
Let me talk about the Corporation
this is a special day and I, as an ex-Girl
every dollar you spent in WIC and for
for National Service on a nationwide
Scout and a mother of a Girl Scout, am
every dollar you were spending in child
basis and then bring it down to how it
very, very proud to be here and be talk-
nutrition programs, you way more
affects Houston: AmeriCorps, Learn
ing about that.
than made the money back in not hav-
and Serve, and the Senior Corps. They
So I got to thinking, well, now, if you
ing to spend it in Medicaid.
work full or part-time in local organi-
took this and applied it to the Federal
You know, we go around all the time,
zations addressing community needs.
Government in Washington, why do
too, saying children must say no to
We have 60 of them in Houston that
people get so frustrated with this and
this, children must say no to this, we
serve Houston, 60 positions. I wanted
what would "be the best we could be"
must give them things to say yes to,
more but we couldn't do it as a startup,
mean at the Federal level?
and that is what we are doing. We are
33,000 more with 1995 moneys and 47,000
Well, it seems to me that one of the
taking a lot of the same "yes to's"
more with 1996 moneys, but again, the
things that we don't do at the Federal
away.
rescission bill will cut us back.
H3090
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 14, 1995
This would complete the contract
will lose the values of those talents of
baby. The, after the baby is born, for
that a bipartisan Congress made with
those young people whether it be in the
the next 5 years they come into WIC
our young people with the National
Summer Jobs Program and productive
regularly and are counseled about nu-
and Community Service Fund Act of
citizens or whether it be in the
trition and can get immunized, either
1993. but we cannot do it if we pass the
Americorps and Serve Houston where
there or are directed where they can
rescission bill this week with those
we are losing not only their talents
get immunized in the first 2 years of
cuts.
now in helping our community, but we
the baby's life; all the things that we
Learn and Serve America, elemen-
are going to lose the experience they
need for the future of this country.
tary and high school and college stu-
are getting now through Serve Houston
These people did not understand why
dents participate in activities that ad-
and through Americorps for the future
the extremists in Congress want to
dress community needs and they en-
of our country.
make these cuts. What they did under-
hance their own academic skills. Ap-
We cannot be penny wise and pound
stand is that School lunches, Chil-
proximately 375,000 elementary and
foolish and lose that effort right now.
dren's nutrition Programs, programs
secondary school and college students
And that is my concern, that the Con-
like counseling for WIC, immuniza-
participate, growing to over $588,000 if
gress this week needs to make sure
tions, all these things are the invest-
we had the 1996 funds.
that we do not cut these programs out
ment for the future and they make
The Senior Corps, Americans 55 or
of the rescission package. We do not
sense for this country.
older serve in local communities on a
need to cut those programs now and
They do understand that, OK, we
part-time basis and they provide, for
say we are going to provide for addi-
might save a few dollars making cuts
example, modest stipends for foster
tional tax cuts now and cut out those
now, but in the end, long term, we will
grandparents, and I have received a lot
2,000 young people in my own district
pay more money for welfare for chil-
of mail and phone calls this week from
who have a summer job for 6 weeks.
dren as they get older and have bad nu-
senior companions, 480,000 seniors par-
trition and did not have the advantages
ticipate today, and if we could take it
when they were younger. They are
out of the rescission bill, we would be
1300
more likely to be on welfare and more
able to increase that just a small
likely to be in prison. And these young
THE RESCISSION BILL
amount to 510,000.
families did understand that. That that
The cuts in the Americorps is wrong
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
simply is bad public policy long term.
and should not be because it is one of
the Speaker's announced policy of Jan-
I am a deficit hog. I voted for budget
the best programs we have. If we are
uary 4, 1995, the gentleman from Ohio
cut after budget cut after budget cut in
really going to reform welfare, we need
[Mr. BROWN] is recognized during morn-
this body. But we should not be stupid
to make sure we reform it by giving
ing business for 5 minutes.
about it. There is no reason to make
people that job experience and those
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker,
cuts that affect our children and affect
jobs.
yesterday I was in Twinsburg. OH, in
our future the way that cutting school
Let me talk about another example
my district, Ohio's 13th District in
lunches and cutting programs like WIC
of the Saturday I was with the Summer
northeast Ohio, visiting the commu-
and nutrition programs like that would
Jobs Program that is sponsored by
nity center and meeting with parents,
mean.
Houston, works at the cooperative ef-
children, teachers, and nurses and talk-
Three weeks ago this body passed an
fort in a number of our local govern-
ing about the Women, Infants and Chil-
increase in military spending of $3.2
ments. We have 2,000 jobs in my dis-
dren's Program and the School Lunch
billion. The extremists here are cutting
trict that are summer jobs that are
Program.
nutrition, children's long-term-for-the-
part of that program, 6,000 in Harris
Some of the people I met with, some
future programs on the one hand and
County alone. And my concern, by the
of the parents, were unemployed. Most
increasing military spending $3 billion
rescission bill that cuts those 6,000
of them were working part-time or full-
on the other hand, for a military in a
jobs, we are going to lose out and three
time, generally for minimum wage.
country where our military budget is
or four individuals who were there Sat-
Often many of these parents, basically
larger than the next nine countries in
urday who were graduates of the Sum-
all of those parents' children were get-
the world. Yet we are increasing mili-
mer Jobs Program.
ting school lunches, because their in-
tary spending, cutting school lunches
We have a young lady, Marilena, who
come was not high enough that they
and WIC Programs, and at the same
now works at a radio station in Hous-
paid full price for these lunches.
time the extremists in this body want
ton who got her start in the Summer
Those parents, those teachers, those
to see major tax cuts for the wealthiest
Jobs Program. Wilbert, who now is a
children, especially those nurses, could
taxpayers.
supervisor for the city of Houston in
simply not understand why extremists
Just recently the Republican leaders
waste water, got his start in a summer
in this body, in Congress, want to cut
in the Committee on Ways and Means
jobs program. Laquista is a young lady
school lunches, want to cut senior nu-
have called for an end to the alter-
who made the news in Houston who got
trition, want to cut programs like
native minimum tax. You may remem-
her start working at a summer jobs
Women, Infants and Children: Pro-
ber about 10 years ago President
program and now is supervising clean-
grams that have been in effect, in
Reagan and most of the country were
up in our community for the city of
terms of the School Lunch Program,
outraged that many large corporations
Houston. Arti, who not only works in
for literally five decades, started by
in this country were able, through all
my office, but is also a student who got
Harry Truman in 1946.
kinds of use of accountants and law-
her start in the Summer Jobs Program.
Other programs, like WIC, that have
yers and all their tax breaks and loop-
Too often we hear that the majority
been in effect and working for a couple
holes, literally to avoid paying any
party now says that there is no benefit
of decades. Programs that help young
Federal tax and sometimes actually
to these summer jobs program, but
people grow, help pregnant women,
getting the government to pay them
there is a benefit, and Saturday morn-
help those children with nutrition and
money through some rebate programs.
ing I had four people who were grad-
counseling. The WIC program, espe-
Many large corporations fell into the
uates who are now productive citizens
cially. And this was what was called a
category. So Congress and President
today because of the Summer Jobs Pro-
WIC center in Twinsburg.
Reagan enacted something called the
gram. And to cut out 2,000 young peo-
The WIC Program is not just a give-
alternative minimum tax to make sure
ple in my own district or 6,000 in the
away program. It is a program where
that every large corporation in this
county or thousands all over the Unit-
working class mothers come in with
country did, in fact, pay some cor-
ed States for a 6-week Summer Jobs
their children, come in while they are
porate income tax to the Government.
Program is wrong because what we are
pregnant and get some nutritional sup-
They want to eliminate that alter-
doing is we are having some short-term
plements and are counseled, generally
native minimum tax. On the one hand
savings that provides for some short-
less educated women are counseled
we are increasing military spending,
term tax relief; but in the long term,
about nutrition while they are preg-
we are eliminating a tax on major cor-
the American people in our country
nant to make sure they have a healthy
porations-these are corporations that
H3146
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 14, 1995
Mr. OWENS. If the gentlewoman
downsizing different agencies, we do
who work hard and play by the rules
would yield for a moment, I want to in-
not reject that. I do not reject it. But
would be especially hard hit because
quire of the Chair how much time we
I do reject taking from the most vul-
many of the members of the
have remaining.
nerable and undermining a State that
AmeriCorps are middle class. We
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
is trying so very hard to improve itself
designed it so it would not just be a
LUCAS). The gentleman has 8 minutes
and to serve the people in that commu-
program where young people who are
remaining.
nity. We must be the better one, the
poor were involved. It cuts across all
Mr. OWENS. I yield 4 minutes to the
Federal Government, to be able to
classes.
gentlewoman from Texas and I will
stand up with the moral fiber and fight
A year and a half ago, Congress man-
take the last 4 minutes. I just wanted
for those who are in need.
dated a 3-year phase-in for funding
to close out with a note and I neglected
I thank the gentleman from New
100,000 AmeriCorps members. It called
to put in before.
York but I think that we must cancel
for 20,000 members to begin a year of
Ms. JACKSON-LEE. See how good it
out this rescissions package and ensure
service in 1994 and 33,000 in fiscal year
is to be able to have time and it is also
that we stand up against this kind of
1995.
good to be able to share with those who
intrusion into the lives of American
This rescission. this heartless rescis-
are in need, and that is the problem we
citizens.
have here in the State of Texas.
sion, would require the corporation to
Mr. OWENS. I thank the gentle-
This is a gentleman who has no ax to
woman from Texas. I would like to un-
scale back existing programs already
grind. He is our State comptroller, and
in place, cutting approximately 2,000
derscore your last point. The
he has already assessed that we lose
defunding. the placing of zero in the
AmeriCorps members from the current
about a billion dollars in this rescis-
budget for the summer youth employ-
level of 20,000 and 15,000 from the
sion package for the State of Texas. We
ment project is probably one of the
phase-in level which has already been
lose some $763.7 million in Medicaid.
most cruel and dangerous and deadliest
authorized by Congress. The majority
Therefore, those who are trying to get
acts of this oppressive elite minority in
of those reductions would occur in
off welfare would not have health care,
control of the Congress now. It shows
those States with the most AmeriCorps
the elderly. the severely handicapped,
no vision. It betrays the very vital seg-
members: New York, California, Texas,
69 percent. Family nutrition programs,
ment of our population that needs help
Pennsylvania, and Michigan.
we are losing $170.6 million, 15.5 per-
the most.
Middle-class families with college-
cent, for our State.
They follow through on that, that ze-
age members willing to serve their
Then there is AFDC, there is train-
roing the budget for the summer youth
communities full-time for a full year
ing. emergency assistance, 10 percent,
employment program with a $210 mil-
who are counting on AmeriCorps to
we are losing $118.6 million. Then
lion rescission of the National Service
help them afford college educations
school nutrition in particular, dealing
Program. The National Service Pro-
would be especially hard hit if the con-
with our school lunches and school
gram is for a different set of youth but
gressional commitment is not kept.
breakfasts. By the way, I met with
it is basically program-oriented toward
We close with National Service, as
leaders of the local school community
young people.
just one more example. School lunch
and they are just up in arms about the
The National Service Program is not
programs, summer youth employment
children who will come to their doors
a program of Bill Clinton, it is not a
programs, National Service programs,
who are hungry, particularly the dis-
program that the Democrats fabricated
programs that would benefit all of
tricts that serve at-risk children. We
2 years ago and the Republicans stood
America a great deal are being very
are talking about the national impact,
on the sideline. I have been in Congress
hard hit by these heartless cuts.
but I know what it means. It is going
for almost 13 years and we have dis-
On the other hand, the F-22 fighter
to hurt the people in the State of
cussed a National Service Program for
plane is not touched, and neither is the
Texas. people in the State of New
10 of those 13 years. Both parties have
Seawolf submarine and a huge number
York, people all over this country. The
come forward with proposals, both par-
of other programs in the military
American people understand this. This
ties have worked together. Why do we
budget.
rescissions package should go nowhere.
all of a sudden have to throw overboard
I want to thank the gentlewoman for
As I conclude, let me talk about, and
and destroy a program which it took 10
joining me, and I hope that Americans
you have worked so hard on the sum-
years of deliberation and planning to
are listening. There is a vision offered
mer programs. summer job perhaps
develop?
by the oppressive elite minority and
that I have been actively involved in in
The National Service Program would
there is a vision offered by the caring
my community. We are getting ready
receive rescissions of $210 million out
majority. We will talk more about
to lose in FY 1995 and 1996, $66.6 million
of the $571 million that they have
those visions in the future.
in 1995 and $66.9 million. 43,000 jobs
available for this fiscal year. That is
Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Speaker, I rise this
each year. and in Houston, each year,
taking $210 million and leaving only
evening to speak unequivocally against the
1995 and 1996, 6,000 jobs. It was already
$365 million, crippling the program to
misguided, shortsighted, and unconscionable
not enough just last summer, 8,000
such an extent that it would hardly be
spending cuts proposed in H.R. 1158-the
youngsters showed up on the first day
able to operate because it is just get-
Republican rescissions bill-to be considered
to sign up. with stories of pain and ex-
ting off the ground now.
on the House floor on Wednesday and Thurs-
citement at the same time, excitement
And then there are bigger cuts com-
day of this week.
of trying to get a job, and pain for the
ing in the budget that begins October 1
This rescissions bill, as it is politely known,
need of the money during the summer
because the oppressive minority has
will cut to the bone many programs that man-
months, for rent for their families, for
made it quite clear that they want to
age- to maintain a minimal standard of living
clothing for their families, to take care
destroy the National Service Program.
and health care for America's most vulnerable
of younger brothers and sisters.
The American people have a right to
citizens.
This is serious. I worked extensively
know why. Why? We should challenge
Across the country, throughout my home
with anti-gang measures in Houston,
the high-technology barbarians and
State of Texas, and right in my hometown of
where there are some 3,000 gang mem-
say, You cannot do reckless things like
Houston, millions of children, elderly, and poor
bers, drive-by shootings. This is what
this, you cannot make reckless deci-
citizens will be devastated and forced to en-
gets our children off the street. This is
sions, you cannot just disregard all
dure Government-sanctioned hardships in
what prepares young adults for the 21st
reason without explaining to the Amer-
order to provide extensive tax cuts.
century. the opportunity to work. This
ican people why.
That's what it boils down to, Mr. Speaker.
changes their mind set.
A rescission of this magnitude for the
As though the unsettling dynamics and dis-
So when we begin to talk about
National Service Program would re-
placement of our rapidly changing, highly com-
where we are today and your detailing
nege on the bipartisan congressional
petitive global economy were not already bad
of what we should be looking at with
commitment of Americans who have
enough when it comes to driving the widening
an alternative budget and fairly we can
already committed to serving their
wedge between America's economic haves
look at possibly tax cuts, possibly
communities. Middle-class families
and have-nots.
March 10, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL of Remarks
E573
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
AMANDA SAPIR'S VISION FOR
woman, a middle-aged rather dirty looking
NATIONAL SERVICE CORPORATION
AMERICA
white man, and a young well-dressed black
woman all standing side by side." Appar-
HON. GERRY E. STUDDS
ently displeased by my answer. she yelled,
HON. ROBERT E. ANDREWS
OF MASSACHUSETTS
"No, no, no!" Wondering where I went wrong,
I asked, "Why what do you see?" She looked
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OF NEW JERSEY
at me with those eyes and without hesi-
Friday, March 10, 1995
tation said, "Three people. Keep walking up
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, 1 rise today to
this street and you'll find Wisconsin Ave-
nue."
Friday, March 10, 1995
honor an outstanding young woman from my
congressional district, Amanda Sapir of Kings-
I was stunned by her response, but learned
Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Speaker, a controversy
ton, MA. This week she won the national
that in Helen's answer was a translucently
has arisen recently over a protest staged by
clear message that now typifies my vision
Voice of Democracy Award from the Veterans
ACORN, a membership and advocacy group
for America, a nation where its citizens con-
of Foreign Wars for an essay she wrote and
for low- and moderate-income families. The
tinne to make great strides toward demolish-
recorded on her vision for America.
ing discrimination by understanding that it
Washington Times, in a March 7 editorial, as-
Amanda, an 18-year-old senior at Silver
is our differences which makes us similar.
serted that AmeriCorps members-whose sti-
Lake Regional High School, is the first Massa-
Although we may wear different clothes,
pends are subsidized by the Federal Govern-
chusetts student to win the award in the 48-
earn different amounts of money. walk or
ment-may have worked for ACORN and
year history of the Voice of Democracy Pro-
talk differently, we are all just people with
therefore participated in the protest. Unfortu-
gram. She prevailed over 125,000 other stu-
fears and hopes, struggles and joys. I feel
nately, the newspaper got its facts wrong.
dents from across the country to win the
that with this ideal in mind we as a nation
No AmeriCorps members work for ACORN,
$20,000 T.C. Selman Memorial Scholarship
can knock on the door to the next century
and none took part in the protest. Rather, 42
with confidence, knowing that we will han-
Award, sponsored by the VFW and its ladies
dile all changes and all challenges that will
AmeriCorps members are serving with
auxiliary. I was informed of the award by
arise. However, this confidence is only
ACORN Housing Corporation, an entirely dif-
proud local veterans who visited with me this
achievable if all Americans feel included and
ferent organization that helps working families
week.
worthy, without fearing discrimination.
find homes.
But more important than Amanda's winning
As I continued on my walk, I learned how
Eli Segal, the CEO of the National Service
a contest, or even the scholarship, is the vi-
this could actually happen. Looking at mu-
Corporation, clarified the facts in his March 7
sion she conveyed: that diversity is America's
seums, the White House, the Supreme Court
letter to the Washington Times. I have submit-
greatest strength and that our Nation's long
and the Mall, I saw why the United States is
ted his letter to set the record straight. I would
journey toward justice and equality for all citi-
the only global Superpower remaining. We
like to express my disappointment that mem-
rely on creative solutions, which are the re-
zens is not complete.
sult of educating and acting. My vision for a
bers of the press and of this body would
Amanda's words are SO eloquent, her mes-
unified America necessitates effort. In order
spread misinformation to discredit a program
sage so timely, that il wanted to include them
for compassion to prevail over discrimina-
as innovative, productive, and important as
in the RECORD as a reminder of how far we've
tion, the nation must first call on our edu-
AmeriCorps.
come and how far we have to go.
cators to teach about different places and
AMERICORPS NATIONAL SERVICE,
MY VISION FOR AMERICA
different cultures. We need our nation's
Washington, DC, March 7., 1995.
youth to further understand that we are all
TOD LINDBERG,
(By Amanda Sapir)
The air was thick and sweet smelling.
different. but that diversity is our greatest
Editor of the Editorial Page,
strength not only in problem solving but in
Washington Times.
Traffic was humper-to-bumper as usual. It
seemed like there were people everywhere;
fighting ignorance. Knowledge has a funny
DEAR MR. LINDBERG: In your editorial
way of operating minds, and in the future,
today (Federally funded Newt-bashing), you
people walking up and down the sidewalks,
bright open minds will be quintessential in
asked whether AmeriCorps Members partici-
shoppers peering hopefully into store win-
dows, tourists searching aimlessly for the
fighting prejudice. This knowledge is only
pated in the disruption of Monday's NACO
nearest landmark, and the homeless sitting
useful if put into practice. My vision relies
luncheon, which prevented Speaker Gingrich
on Americans to act with the same moral
from addressing the gathering. There is a
in the warmth of a typical hustle and bustle
impetus it took for civil rights to speak up
simple answer: Absolutely not.
summer in Washington, D.C. It was just an-
and for American soldiers to leave their fam-
AmeriCorps doesn't support advocacy. Our
other day when I was among the eternally
lost sightseers and Helen among the home-
illes to fight for our nation, we must also
statute and Regulations clearly prohibit it.
less.
speak up and fight for equal treatment for
Advocacy aims to make change through poli-
"Where's Wisconsin Ave.?" I asked a gen-
eweryone. As a country, we have already
tics, and is therefore inherently a process of
tleman who responded. "Isn't that near Q
made leaping bounds in the name of equal-
winners and losers. National service brings
street?" "Hmm, where's 0 Street?" "Beats
ity, but there is more struggling to do,
about positive change by helping local com-
munities solve common problems through
me. Do you know where Pennsylvania Ave.
whether we are employees helping a co-work-
collective effort-where everyone ends up
is?" By the end of the conversation we were
er cope with discrimination or an employer
benefiting.
both. if you can believe it. even more con-
concentrating on having qualified diverse
This is much more than rhetoric. Advocacy
fused than when we started. This is when I
employees. We must act until minorities,
organizations were furious when our Regula-
spotted another homeless looking woman
disabled and abled are all viewed as people.
tions came out, but we didn't budge. We have
sitting on the sidewalk clasping her most
America is only as strong as its weakest
also made it clear to all of our grantees that
precious belongings. On one of her bags was
link, and those links are tested by the way
this is a matter of principle, not technical-
a sticker that read, "Helen." I figured she
in which we treat people, be they friends or
ity. We will cut off funding to programs that
would know her way around this maze they
strangers. As this country enters a new mil-
do not comply. I have reminded all of our
call Washington.
lennia, progress will present many opportu-
programs of these matters, today, in writing.
"Excuse me, ma'am, do you know where
nities as well as obstacles. My vision is that
AmeriCorps aims to re-kit community.
Wisconsin Avenue is?" She was looking
on December 31, when the clock ticks the
That can't happen when basic freedoms of
straight ahead with an empty gaze, not ac-
past century away, Americans, no matter
speech are trampled. In the wake of yester-
knowledging me for quite a few seconds.
what ethnicity or sociopolitical or economic
day's disruption, we immediately inves-
After waiting patiently. I was startled when
status, together will unlock this potential of
tigated. Here's what we learned: No
she jerked her head towards me and staring
the 21st century with optimism and a re-
AmeriCorps Members participated in the in-
with intensely fierce brown eyes asked,
newed sincere commitment to educating and
cident (written conformation attached). In
"What do you see?" as she pointed to a per-
acting against discrimination and for open-
fact, the protesting organization is an en-
fectly maintained photograph. Surprised. yet
mindedness and unity, so that when any
tirely separate organization from our grant-
curious by her question. I answered, "Well,
American is asked, "What do you see?" the
ee-legally. and in Board, budget, staff and
there's an average looking older Asian
answer will be without hesitation, "People."
mission.
This "buller" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.
Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.
E574
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
March 10, 1995
AmeriCorps Members serve not with
Pelt of Fond du Lac; WI, on the occasion of
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF A BILL
ACORN. but with ACORN Housing Corpora-
his 90th birthday today.
AMENDING THE RAILWAY LABOR
tion. The latter is not an advocacy organiza-
A popular Member of Congress who was
ACT TO CLARIFY ITS APPLICA-
tion, but an entirely separate non-profit
helping working families find housing-espe-
known for his quiet common sense and integ-
BILITY TO WORK PERFORMED
cially buying their own homes. In the three
rity, Bill served Wisconsin's Sixth District from
BY FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS OF
months our AmeriCorps program has been
1951 through 1964, winning seven consecu-
U.S. CARRIERS ENGAGED IN
operating. AmeriCorps Members have al-
FOREIGN FLYING
tive terms with little serious opposition.
ready assisted hundreds of families inter-
Respected by colleagues on both sides of
ested in home ownership-and 84 families
HON. NICK J. RAHALL II
now have secured mortgages for their first
the aisle, Bill was proud of his record of serv-
OF WEST VIRGINIA
homes.
ice to his constituents and of his committee
This is the AmeriCorps mission: getting
work. When he left office, Bill was the second
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
things done. And this is the American
ranking Republican member of the Merchant
Friday, March 10, 1995
Dream: helping working families afford a
Marine and Fisheries Committee, which han-
Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, today, along with
home.
died all conservation issues coming before the
my distinguished colleagues, Representative
We agree with the Washington Times that
federal funds must not be abused, and that
House. He was also a senior member of the
JAMES OBERSTAR of Minnesota and Rep-
service must be distinct from advocacy.
Committee on Science and Astronautics,
resentative DON YOUNG of Alaska, I have re-
AmeriCorps is proud of its record-and
whose jurisdiction included policymaking and
introduced legislation to protect the public in-
unshakable in its adherence to these prin-
oversight of various facets of America's evolv-
terest in uninterrupted international air service,
ciples.
ing space program.
and the stability of collective bargaining rela-
Sincerely,
ELI J. SEGAL.
Bill's first term in Congress came after he
tionships between U.S. air carriers and their
won an upset victory in a four-way Republican
flight crew employees-flight deck crew mem-
Chief Erecutive Officer.
primary in 1950 in his first bid for public office.
bers and flight cabin crew members. It does
Before that time, Bill was in business for him-
so by confirming and clarifying that the Rail-
AUTHORIZING THE USE OF THE
self as owner and operator of City Fuel Co. of
way Labor Act applies to the U.S. air carriers
CAPITOL GROUNDS FOR THE
and their flight crew employees while operat-
Fond du Lac and was an active participant in
GREATER WASHINGTON SOAP
ing to, from, or between points outside the
Republican Party politics on the local level,
BOX DERBY
United States.
serving as chairman of the Fond du Lac Coun-
Historically, air carriers and labor organiza-
HON. STENY H. HOYER
ty Republican Party from 1944 to 1950.
tions have understood title II of the Railway
Throughout his tenure of office, Bill re-
Labor Act [RLA] to apply to U.S. air carriers
OF MARYLAND
mained true to his roots as a businessman
and their flight crews when engaged in oper-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
and advocate of Republican Party principles.
ations between the United States and foreign
Friday, March 10, 1995
He was a strong believer in the free enterprise
nations, and the terms of the act appear to
Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro-
system and in the need for a limited Federal
cover these operations.
ducing a resolution which authorizes the use
Government dedicated to fiscal responsibility
Such carriers are increasingly engaged in
of Constitution Avenue, NE., between Dela-
and a balanced Federal budget. He was not
providing service to additional points outside
ware and Third, for the Greater Washington
afraid to take unpopular stands, and was
the United States by engaging in beyond oper-
Soap Box Derby. The resolution also author-
called on the carpet by his political opponents
ations from one foreign destination to another.
izes the Architect of the Capitol and the Ser-
for daring to question the expenditure of Fed-
For this and other reasons, the status of nego-
geant at Arms, to negotiate the necessary ar-
eral conservation dollars on a Wisconsin
tiated contractual work rules applicable to the
rangements for carrying out this event in com-
project he and many others deemed to be of
overseas flight operations of U.S. air carriers,
plete compliance with rules and regulations
dubious value.
and the statutory scheme applicable to labor
governing the use of Capitol Grounds. The
In 1964, Bill Van Pelt was quoted as saying,
relations during such operations, need to be
Soap Box Derby has run on the Capitol
"The Federal Government does not have to
clarified.
Grounds for the last 4 years.
be a partner in a program to ensure its ulti-
Recent court decisions are troubling be-
This year marks the 54th running of the
mate success." Thirty years later, I think Bill
cause they have decided questions about the
Greater Washington Area Soap Box Derby,
reach of the RLA by relying upon a presump-
and the race is slated for July 15, 1995. Par-
would have felt right at home in the current
tion against extra-territoriality as well as the
ticipants ranging from ages 9 to 16 are ex-
congressional climate, working to advance the
uncertain terms of the statute itself. But this
pected to compete in the early summer race.
tenets of the Contract With America.
approach does not effectively guide the courts
They hail from Washington, DC and the sur-
Bill would probably be less comfortable,
or the parties in dealing with overseas flight
rounding communities of northern Virginia and
however, with the prevailing practices of politi-
operations of a U.S. carrier, which are essen-
Maryland. The winners of this local event will
cal campaigning. A gentleman known for his
tially extensions of the carrier's domestic oper-
represent the Washington, DC area in the na-
unpretentious manner and low-key sense of
ations and are conducted by flight crews who
tional race which will be held in Arkon, OH
humor, Bill prided himself on conducting cam-
operate interchangeably throughout the sys-
later this.year.
paigns free of personal attacks and disparage-
tem. As a result, neither the public nor the
The Soap Box Derby provides our young
ment. "I might say that I don't indulge in per-
parties can be certain that the industrial stabil-
people with an opportunity to gain valuable
sonalities," he said. "Never in eight campaigns
ity fostered by the RLA will protect the public
skills such as engineering and aerodynamics.
have I felt it necessary to go to name-calling."
while traveling in the foreign operations of
Furthermore, the derby promotes team work, a
On this his 90th birthday, I want to con-
U.S. carriers.
strong sense of accomplishment, sportsman-
gratulate Bill Van Pelt and to wish him contin-
It is the reluctance to fully apply title II of the
ship, leadership, and responsibility. As we all
ued health and happiness. In addition, on be-
RLA as it should be applied and as we have
know, these are all positive attributes which
half of the people of the Sixth Congressional
understood its application for many years, that
these young people can carry into adulthood.
District, I want to thank him for his 14 years
has brought us to where we stand today in in-
Again, I strongly urge my colleagues to sup-
of service in the House of Representatives
troducing this legislation. We hope to amend
port this resolution.
and for his legacy of integrity and common-
the act so as to effectively guide the parties
sense leadership.
concerned in dealing with overseas flight oper-
ations of U.S. carriers.
TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM K. VAN
Identical legislation (H.R. 4957) was intro-
PELT
duced last year, and hearings were held in
HON. THOMAS E. PETRI
October, 1994 by the House Aviation Sub-
committee, then chaired by the able Rep-
OF WISCONSIN
resentative JAMES OBERSTAR, who joins me as
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
an original cosponsor of today's bill.
Friday, March 10, 1995
This bill, as introduced, preserves the RLA's
Mr. PETRI. Mr. Speaker, I rise in tribute to
preference for systemwide collective bargain-
former U.S. Representative William K. Van
ing agreements and permits such agreements
March 8, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S3677
work in Romania. He was proud of his chil-
the preacher said, "Catholics oughtn't be
to the political affairs of this nation. We
dren and grandchildren, and he often talked
president," John C. was a Kennedy man.
thank you for all those who are ready to
of them.
When herds of Texas democrats stampeded
walk the lonely places of leadership. to be-
Nellie has asked me to share with John's
over to Goldwater and Nixon, John C. stood
come vulnerable to criticism. abuse. mis-
friends the letter she received, a personal
straight up for L.B.J. and Humphrey. "Hu-
representation and public failure and yet
letter. It says, "I'm glad we had a chance to
bert Umphrey" as he called him-and
who believes they are called to do this for
talk. I'll never forget the first time I met
McGovern. too. Over the years in campaign
love of country and party. For his commit-
John back in 1972. He had such a great bal-
after campaign, from Carter through Clin-
ment to his president, his party. and to the
ance of common sense and compassion with
ton, through the sunshine and the rain, he
whole nation we give you thanks. And we
an energy. and I was elated when he became
rode that same old horse. And he was as tall
thank you for his enjoyment of his family.
the DNC chair. and I am grateful for all he
in the saddle when he finally got off as when
For his dear wife, Nellie, for his children,
has given to our party and our country since.
he first got on.
whom he admired so much, for his sister and
All of us who know John are better for the
This is important to remember about John
for his grandchildren. We remember them all
experience and all of us will miss him. I
C. Not that he was blind to his party's warts
now tenderly and commit them to your lov-
know you will miss him most of all, and I
or deaf to its bologna, but rather that he
ing care. And we pray that as they sigh for
hope the memory of your great years to-
loved it for its promise. Not that he was in-
the touch of a vanished hand and the sound
gether and the love and support of your
different to its foolishness or insensitive to
of a voice that is still. they may know your
friends will help to sustain you. Hillary and
its folly, but rather that he was committed
living presence. And we thank you for our
I send you our thoughts and prayers. Sin-
to its possibilities.
Lord Jesus Christ who has defeated death
cerely. Bill"
John C. was the most hard-headed, down-
and brought life and immortality to light.
You know, it's hard to avoid all the clichés
to-earth, practical. realistic, commonsense
We thank you that we can say he is not here
when remembering John, because in his case
dreamer I ever knew. That was his strength
but he is risen again until we meet in your
they're all so true. His word was his bond. He
and the source of his stamina. This fierce
presence. So bless each one of us here mem-
would give you the shirt off his back. He did
embrace of an imperfect party as the perfect
bers of the family friends and colleagues and
light up a room when he walked in. And I'm
political expression of the ideas and ideals
keep us at it and with it and for it until our
proud to call him a friend. He's a friend we'll
that he cherished. Others might stray or waf-
work is done our course is run and on your
all miss, but we'll remember, I think. with
fle or wander or waiver: John C. always
kind arms we fall. And this we pray through
deep affection.
danced with the girl who brung him. He was
Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Mr. Jim Wooten. Here's a good rule for re-
a pol wasn't he? You can see that in the re-
Will the congregation stand for the bless-
porters: Don't be pals with pols. It doesn't
speet that other pols had for him; even if he
ing and the benediction and remain standing
mean that you can't enjoy their company.
wouldn't give a dime to their party. You can
while the family and speakers leave.
once in a while. It doesn't mean you can't
see that here today, look around. And you
Go forth on your journey, Christian soul.
have lunch with them. once in a while. It
can hear it too, in the unspoken affirmations
Go in the strengths of God and may He bring
doesn't mean you can't like them. once in a
of everybody who ever knew him or worked
you at last to the land of Promise, the-Coun-
while. It just means there needs to be some
with him or worked against him. that here
try of the Great King. The grace of our Lord
proper distance in space between us and
was one politician who gave politics a good
Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fel-
them. Between those of us who cover the
name.
lowship of the Holy Spirit be with us all ever
news and those who make it. Because the
Years ago over lunch at Duke's, he was
more. Amen.
closer you get, the less you see. So if you
scolding me for my appearance; "Listen
want to see clearly, don't get too close.
pal," he said, "you ain't a newspaper man no
Don't be pals with pols. This is a very good
more-you've got to get yourself some
NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY
rule for all reporters.
clothes. You need more than one suit and
Sometimes, though, he was a pol, wasn't
tie. Hell, I'll loan you the money!" And that
SERVICE ACT
he? You could tell that, because of the pure
progressed into us listing the real friends we
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, one of the
pleasure he derived from telling the political
had, the genuine pals, people who might even
more exciting and innovative programs
story. And not only that, from listening to
lend us money, folks in whom we could place
them. To yours. To Strauss's (now there's a
our complete trust. John C. had too many to
enacted during the 103d Congress was
real test). And to mine, too. I don't think I
count. he said, which was true; look around,
the National and Community Service
ever told my political stories to better lis-
and I had too few to mention and now one
Act proposed: by President Clinton.
teners that John C. Even if he knew they
less. He was a pol and he was pal.
Under the AmeriCorps program estab-
weren't exactly true (and what political
We argued about a lot of things over the
lished as a result of that act, young
story ever is). Even if he heard them before,
years. but there was one thing we agreed on
men and women are now able, through
he'd sit there and listen and help you along,
and that was that we were both literary-crit-
community service; to earn an edu-
and encourage you, and chuckle you, and
ics. And that we had found and read and
cation benefit to help defray the costs
then give a big rip of a laugh, and then he'd
reread the great American novel. A rough
say, "I knew some old boys like that." And
and tumble saga about two Texas rangers
of a higher education.
off he'd ride on some wonderful jaunt down
who went off up to Montana, far far away
I am concerned, however, that this
the trails of his remarkable life. For John C.,
from Lonesome Dove. How he loved that
program may now be the target of se-
a good story was like a pair of boots: the
book, how I and we'd recite from it
vere cutbacks. Because of this, I want-
more you worn them, the more comfortable
over lunch. Especially. its last few pages:
ed to bring to my colleagues' attention
they were. I loved his story about how much
"mortally wounded and down to his last, few
the correspondence I recently received
he grew in the eyes of Lyndon once he'd in-
breaths, Augustus McCray looked up at his
from Mr. George Graboys of Bar-
troduced him to Nellie. I loved listening to
long time pal and partner Captain Caw and
he whispered, 'My God, Woodrow, it was
rington, RI, where he is:a distinguished
him. His voice for me was like the distant
bell of a country church, always reminding
quite a party.'" My God, chairman. it was
and widely respected business leader.
me of home. And he said once, "Well, pal,
quite a party.
Having retired as the chief executive
they have fewer voters in Alabama, but I ex-
Reverend Dr. Gladstone. We have listened
officer of Citizens Bank, Mr. Graboys,
pect we come out about even on mules and
with gratitude, with admiration. and with
nevertheless, remains very active in
fools."
hope. Charles Haddon Spurgeon. the Vic-
civic affairs. Among many activities,
He was a pol, wasn't he? You could tell
torian Baptist preacher said of William
he serves presently as the vice chair-
that because he made it look so easy. Wheth-
Ewart Gladstone, four times Prime Minister
man of the Rhode Island Children's
er he was managing an unmanageable na-
of Britain, he said, "We believe in no man's
tional convention or untying some devilish
infallibility, but it is restful to believe in
Crusade for Higher Education.
knot in the party, or settling some bloody
one man's integrity. Let us pray. Eternal
Mr. Graboys' view on the operation
internecine squabble or just working the ta-
God before who's face-the generations rise
of AmeriCorps in Rhode Island merit
bles at Duke's-he made it look easy. And
and fall. Beneath who's will and within who's
careful and thoughtful consideration. I
politics never is. Not in this town, and not in
patience the story of our lives is told. In this
ask unanimous consent, therefore. that
Texas. And especially not for a man who felt
memorial service, for your servant John, we
the text of his Jánuary 31, 1995, letter
about his party the way most men feel about
lift up our hearts in gratitude, we thank you
to me be printed in the RECORD.
their mothers. It was where he came from,
for his character. We know that this is-the
There being no objection, the letter
and who he was. He was his party's son, and
true wealth of life. We may be festooned with
he would, by God, wear its name as proudly
the whole haberdashery of success and yet go
was ordered to be printed in the
as he wore his own. White, John C., Demo-
to our graves castaways. We thank you that
RECORD, as follows:
crat, Yellow-Dog. And in five separate dec-
we heard Senator Dole say that while it is
BARRINGTON, RI, January 31, 1995.
ades, in the stormy politics of Texas and
nice to be important, it is more important to
Hon. CLAIBORNE DEB. PELL.
America, those were John C.'s unimpeach-
be nice. And so we thank you for the de-
Washington, DC.
able credentials. When governor Shivers de-
cency, the integrity, and the loyalty of your
DEAR SENATOR PELL: I am writing to ex-
fected to Ike, John C. backed Adlai. When
servant John. We thank you his commitment
press my' strong support for the AmeriCorps
S3678
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
March 8, 1995
national service program and to enlist your
PEACE IN NORTHERN IRELAND
The I.R.A. declares that it is fighting for
assistance in light of the recent call by
House Speaker Newt Gingrich to eliminate
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, as we
Northern Ireland's Catholics. Mrs. Hegney,
who is Catholic, said she prays for them, and
the program.
approach St. Patrick's Day 1995, Irish
for the Protestant guerrillas too.
From my perspective. AmeriCorps is a re-
eyes are smiling as perhaps never be-
She told her children that "a sick man"
freshing new government initiative. I am im-
fore in the quarter century of violence
had killed their father and that he was now
pressed, particularly, by its grassroots na-
that has wracked Northern Ireland. In
in heaven with Granny, his mother. Her
ture and its ability to place 20,000 dedicated
celebrating the remarkable progress
daughter, Julie-Anne, said that at first she
individuals directly into community agen-
made toward peace during the past
hated Granny for taking him away and that
cies in its first year of operation.
year, we are also mindful of the respon-
she saw her father return to her room one
As Vice Chairman of the Rhode Island
sibility that all of us who care about
night. She said she wanted to die and go to
Children's Crusade for Higher Education. I
Northern Ireland have to the people
heaven with him. Lately Julie-Anne, who is
have had the opportunity to see the merits
there who have suffered so much from
now 8, says only. "I wish I could see him,
of the program first hand. The Crusade's 51
mummy, for one wee minute."
the violence. We must do all we can to
AmeriCorps participants-13 full-time and 38
Mrs. Hegney joined a group of Catholic and
part-time-have provided an infusion of new
make certain that a lasting peace is
Protestant widows of guerrilla war victims,
achieved.
energy to the organization. In less than two
and they exchange their feelings and prob-
months, they have built relationships with
Last Monday, the New York Times
lems.
carried an eloquent and very poignant
But the cease-fires that have raised the
over 40 schools and community agencies and
have created 23 new Crusade mentoring pro-
article by James Clarity about Pauline
hopes for peace and for a normal life for
grams in the seven Rhode Island commu-
Hegney, a Catholic mother in Belfast.
most people in Northern Ireland also left her
nities with the greatest numbers of low-in-
Her husband, the father of her four
and the other widows feeling depressed, she
said.
come children. At the same time, they have
children, was killed by Protestant
"During the trouble, we were all in it to-
been busy phoning parents whose children
paramilitaries more than 3 years ago.
gether," she said. "Everyone in Belfast was
may need services and going door to door to
She is one of the countless survivors of
affected. But when the peace came. I felt iso-
recruit new Crusaders. Presently, 324 chil-
the violence who, rather than harbor-
lated. Other people can get on with their
dren are being served through these
ing hatred. feverently hopes that no
lives. We can't."
AmeriCorps programs. Crusade Corps mem-
one else-Protestant or Catholic-will
Last October, as reports spread that the
bers are well on their way to reaching their
suffer her fate.
Protestant guerrillas, following the lead of
goal of creating 26 programs that will serve
780 children.
Clearly the people of Northern Ire-
the I.R.A., were going to call their own
land want the current cease-fire to con-
cease-fire. she hoped it would not be on Oct.
Newt Gingrich has called the program "co-
13. the third anniversary of her husband's
erced voluntarism." Based upon what I have
tinue and peace talks to begin. All of
killing. but it was announced on that day.
seen, nothing could be further from the
us share that hope as well.
"It didn't feel right," she said. "I was pray-
truth. Our AmericCorps participants rep-
Mrs. Hegney wrote an extremely
ing for peace, but I didn't want it on that
resent a racially diverse group of people
moving account of the death of her
day." Now, she said, she faces the prospect of
from ages 16-55, including 10 parents of Cru-
husband, and Mr. Clarity quotes at
seeing representatives of the guerrillas be-
saders. Within this diversity, all of them
length from her words in his article.I
come celebrated personalities as they ap-
share an intense desire to serve the commu-
believe that his story and her words
proach formal negotiations with the British
nity and to better themselves in the process.
will be of interest to all of us, and I ask
and Irish Governments and the other politi-
AmeriCorps and the Crusade provide a struc-
cal parties in the North.
unanimous consent that the article by
"I don't like the idea that after they've
ture and direction that meshes with their
James Clarity may be printed in the
killed so many people, they'll be sitting
sense of altruism. The modest living stipends
RECORD. I also ask unanimous consent
down to say what the future will be. when
they receive make it possible for them to
that a poem by W.H. Auden, which
people like these destroyed my children's fu-
dedicate a full year to community service-
rather than a few hours a week. This sub-
speaks to all such loss, may be printed
ture. But if it-stops people being murdered,
in the RECORD.
I've no objection."
stantive volunteer experience is something
that is likely to effect many participants'
There being no objection, the mate-
Her children still miss their father. Karl
Jr., who is 14, wants to be a lawyer. She said
choice of careers and to foster a commit-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
she asked him if he would defend someone he
ment to community service that will endure
RECORD, as follows:
knew to be guilty of a "terrible crime." Karl
as their careers advance.
[From the New York Times, Mar. 6, 1995]
said: "Would you serve him if he came into
Speaker Gingrich has also indicated that it
A WAR WIDOW'S THOUGHTS AT PEACE'S
the Europa. You do what you're paid to do."
is a "waste of money to give limited benefits
DOWNING
She shrugged.
to college students." Again, I think he has
"I'll get through it," she said. "I'm a
(By James F. Clarity)
missed the mark. The Crusade's AmeriCorps
struggler. I've begun to write about it."
participants cover a broad range of edu-
BELFAST. NORTHERN IRELAND.-Pauline
In her account of the night her husband
cational attainment. Approximately 30% do
Hegney, the mother of four young children
was killed, she wrote: We never know
whose husband was slain three and a half
not have an undergraduate degree, 53% have
what's to come for us, though, do we? I put
years ago by Protestant paramilitaries on a
earned or are in the process of earning a
the boys to bed when their daddy went out.
Belfast street, prays every day that the Gov-
I went into the kitchen and had a little
Bachelors degree, and 17% have or are work-
ernment peace effort will work and that
laugh to myself when I saw the saucepans
ing towards their Masters or Ph.D. Each of
there will be no more killings here in the
sitting on the cooker. One was full of pota-
the Crusade's participants has indicated,
name of patriotism.
toes and the other one had sprouts in it all
however, that they have a desire to further
She is among the tens of thousands of sur-
ready for the Sunday. He also had the roast
their education. For them, the educational
vivors of the 3,172 Protestants and Roman
cooked. I thought how organized my Karl is.
benefits. of AmeriCorps-$4,725 for full-time
Catholics who have been killed in sectarian
"A very curt male voice came on the phone
participants and $2,363 for part-time partici-
warfare here since 1969. She speaks with a
saying he was a police officer and asked if I
pants-will be of substantive help along the
soft Ulster lilt and there is passion in her
could make my way to the police station as
way. Moreover, the leadership and commu-
voice, but no hatred.
my husband was in hospital seriously ill. I
nity building skills they are acquiring
Her husband, Karl, an unemployed house
lost my mind at that moment and I don't
through their experience with AmeriCorps
painter, was gunned down in the street on
think I have actually found it all again.
will complement their formal education and
his way home from a pub. Both his widow
"The nightmare for me had only just
enable them to become more productive citi-
and the police say he had no involvement in
begun. I went to see Karl lying in that oper-
zens.
the Irish Republican Army. The police told
ating theater where he had died with the
I think the AmeriCorps program has pro-
her they had an idea who the killers were,
doctors fighting to save his life. He lay there
duced remarkable results in a very short pe-
but no proof, she said. No one has been ar-
still and cold, no life left in the body of the
rested.
riod of time. It has tremendous potential for
man who had taken the core of me, loved me
strengthening the nation's service ethic
She was left with their four young children
and made my life worth living. I thought
and a job at the Europa Hotel in the city
how could he leave me? What would I do
while impacting community needs in a cost
center, as head of the banquet dining room
of effective manner. I hope that I can count
without him? How was I going to live with-
staff. But the I.R.A. viewed the hotel as a
out him?
on your support in ensuring that the pro-
major economic target and bombed it fre-
"I held Karl's hand and it was like holding
gram nurtured and protected.
quently. The bombings often shut it down,
the hand of a wax dummy. It felt so strange.
Sincerely,
putting her out of work, sometimes for
I didn't cry. I just asked him to give me
GEORGE GRABOYS.
months.
strength to get through the next few hours.
E326
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Extensions of Remarks
February 13, 1995
UMass Dartmouth and has regained visita-
congregation were killed serving in World War
These community activities, which included
tion rights to his two children. "I learned
I and 22 were killed during the Second World
anti-drug marches, job fairs, drug education
that Wayne St. Pierre is more than my pro-
War. During this war, the temple established a
bation officer-he's a human being." he said,
and treatment workshops, all night prayer vig-
"and Judge Kane is a human being. and they
recreational canteen which ultimately served
ils, family nights, and cleanup efforts, took
cared about me. That's made me care about
1.3 million American men and women in uni-
place at all hours of the day and night. The
me and start making the right choices."
form. In recent years, the temple instituted
community leaders and residents worked to-
The program has strict rules. While study-
programs to address the pressing needs of
gether to take their streets back from drug
ing. participants are on probation and live at
New York City. The Sunday lunch program-
dealers. In addition to the planned activities,
home. Anyone who misses class or skips
developed in 1983-provides 140 homeless
the program included two ongoing events.
readings can be sent to prison. Program
citizens with a hot lunch each week. In 1988,
They were setting up lemonade stands and or-
graduates remain on probation and must at-
tend a one-day career workshop. They must
the temple opened a homeless shelter which
ganizing outdoor prayer services on corners
then make a career choice or plans that will
has become one of our city's most successful
where drugs were sold.
increase employment opportunities. such as
facilities of its kind.
The community leaders and the residents
obtaining a GED or going to college. If they
Over the years, the leaders of Congregation
found that their efforts paid off. The drug deal-
don't. they can be sent to prison.
Emanu-El has read like a "Who's Who" of
ers were pushed out of the area, the cleanup
The UMass Dartmouth program accepts
American civic leadership. Emanu-El members
effort greatly improved the aesthetic appeal of
only male offenders. There are now similar
have included Adolph Ochs, publisher of the
the neighborhood, and it was once again safe
programs. for men and women. in the state-
New York Times: Oscar S. Straus, the first
and more judges are studying it. "They
for children to play on the streets.
should try it." Judge Kane said, "The things
Jewish Cabinet Member, who served as Presi-
In addition to these short-term victories,
that are said here are more interesting than
dent Theodore Roosevelt's Secretary of Com-
there were significant long-term effects. One
the conversation in the judges' lobby."
merce and Labor; and Irving Lehman, who
of the greatest accomplishments of this pro-
Don Ross-the fan of Deliverance. the
served as chief justice of the New York State
gram was that the fear that residents had
book-said the course taught him to accept
Court of Appeals. More recently, Emanu-El
about getting involved in efforts to fight crime
responsibility for the first time. "The day I
president Maxwell Rabb served as U.S. Am-
were reduced. An estimated 800 residents got
came before Judge Kane was the turning
point. That transformation has been gradual.
bassador to Italy.
involved with the program because they could
week after week. book after book."
Mr. Speaker, for 150 years, Congregation
see their efforts were paying off. Their com-
"This has taught me." he said. "to use my
Emanu-El has served as a beacon of commu-
munity looked and felt safer.
mind."
nity spirit and religious commitment. It is an
The success of Bethel's program was a di-
honor to represent this institution in the U.S.
rect result of AmeriCorps involvement in the
Congress, and I sincerely hope that my col-
program. CANS' AmeriCorps-VISTA volunteer
CONGREGATION EMANU-EL:
leagues will join me in congratulating Temple
Charles Jackson, the community leader that
CELEBRATING 150 YEARS
Emanu-El on this auspicious occasion.
was assigned to Bethel New Life Inc., was es-
sential in developing block clubs, increasing
HON. CAROLYN B. MALONEY
interest in community policing, and developing
OF NEW YORK
AMERICORPS SUCCESSFUL IN
local leaders. The positive effect that the
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
VOLVEMENT IN A COMMUNITY
AmeriCorp-VISTA volunteer had on the com-
POLICING PROGRAM IN THE 7TH
Monday. February 13, 1995
munity will last long after his leadership is
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF
Mrs. MALONEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay
gone.
ILLINOIS
The involvement of AmeriCorps made a sig-
tribute to one of the most outstanding religious
nificant difference in the overall effectiveness
institutions in the United States, Congregation
HON. CARDISS COLLINS
of the program. Without AmeriCorps volun-
Emanu-El, which will soon be celebrating the
OF ILLINOIS
teers, it will likely be difficult for community po-
150th anniversary of its founding. This remark-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
licing efforts in other neighborhoods to experi-
able temple, which is located on Fifth Avenue
at East 65th Street in the heart of my district,
Monday. February 13. 1995
ence this degree of success.
I commend CANS, Bethel New Life, Inc.,
has tended to the spiritual needs of its
Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I rise
and AmeriCorps for their hard work and suc-
congregants as well as the social and philan-
today to acknowledge the success of a part-
cess at helping constituents in my district feel
thropic needs of the greater community for a
nership between AmeriCorps and community
safer and more confident about their right to
century and a half.
policing efforts in Illinois' Seventh Congres-
live in a drug-free neighborhood. As we review
I want to first congratulate Dr. Ronald B.
sional District. It is a pleasure to be able to
Federal programs in the weeks ahead, I hope
Sobel, who has served as the temple's senior
address the House today on the positive im-
that this success will be remembered by my
rabbi since 1973. Rabbi Soebl is a world-re-
pact that the Chicago Alliance for Neighbor-
colleagues who are quick to mislabel
nowned scholar and spiritual leader who de-
hood Safety [CANS] and Bethel New Life
AmeriCorps and community policing efforts as
serves enormous credit for helping to make
Inc.'s Take Back the Streets Program is hav-
ineffective and wasteful boondoggles and in-
Emanu-El into one of the largest and most re-
ing on Chicago's West Side. By recognizing
vite them to visit my district to find out what a
spected synagogues in the world.
the accomplishments of this Take Back The
positive impact these programs have had on
In fact, Temple Emanu-El is physically the
Streets Program, I hope to increase aware-
hundreds of Americans.
largest synagogue in the world and boasts the
ness and support for successful partnerships
largest membership of any reform temple. But
such as the one forged between AmeriCorps
its origins were indeed quite humble. In 1845,
and community policing programs in my dis-
a handful of German immigrants pooled $30
trict.
STATEMENT ON MISSED VOTES
and rented a small room on the Lower East
Bethel New Life Inc., a community-based
Side, thus becoming the fist reform Jewish
development corporation which was founded
HON. FORTNEY PETE STARK
congregation in the city. As the congregation
in 1979, is a member and partner organization
grew, its members found new locations, first a
of CANS. CANS has sponsored 21
OF CALIFORNIA
former Methodist church and then a former
AmeriCorps-VISTA volunteers who have
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Baptist church. In 1868, Emanu-El
helped organize community policing programs
congregants raised over half a million dollars
and who have played an essential role in the
Monday. February 13, 1995
and built a new facility on Fifth Avenue and
recent take back the streets campaign.
Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, Feb-
43rd Street. Finally, in 1925, construction
To implement this campaign, Bethel chose a
ruary 10, 1995, I missed six recorded votes
began on the Temple's final and current
drug-ridden 6-square-block area which in-
because of a bad case of the flu. Rather than
home. In 1930, this magnificent structure was
cluded a public elementary school, 3 church-
infect the rest of the House, I stayed home.
dedicated.
es, and a city park, as the target area for its
If I had been present, I would have voted as
The history of Temple Emanu-El is the his-
40-day campaign. The key to Bethel's plan of
follows:
tory of New York, the Nation, and indeed the
cleaning up the target area or neighborhood
On rolicall No. 112, the amendment by Mr.
entire World. Early in this century, the temple
safety zone was to organize high-visibility ac-
WATTS, to strike the automatic stay provisions
founded a committee to assist victims of the
tivities that encouraged residents to come out
relating to relief lawsuits brought by inmates,
Russian massacres. Seven members of the
onto the street.
"aye."
S1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
February 2, 1995
out the current fiscal storm. Why? Be-
these views to look carefully at the
them to put something back into the
cause they believe that the Mexican
new national service program's center-
community while also providing them
economy is fundamentally strong. A
piece, AmeriCorps. a national network
an opportunity to develop skills which
principle reason they hold that view is
of local youth service corps. Unlike
will serve them well throughout their
because NAFTA has ensured the con-
previous volunteer-based programs,
lives.
tinuity of fundamental market reforms
AmeriCorps is not one large Federal
As I have indicated through examples
that has made it possible for Ameri-
program. but a network of locally de-
in my own State, the national service
cans to sell products and do business
veloped and locally managed service
program is working. Nationwide, there
there. Were it not for NAFTA. the cri-
corps which will give thousands of
are other examples-the executive di-
sis in Mexico would be far deeper and
young people the kind of opportunity
rector of the National Association of
far more protracted.
earlier generations had to serve their
Police Organizations has called
I commend Majority Leader BOB
country and improve their own lives as
AmeriCorps a huge boost in the arm for
DOLE and Speaker NEWT GINGRICH for
well as those of their neighbors.
law enforcement: officials of the Fed-
their willingness to act in a bipartisan
I am proud that my own State of
eral Emergency Management Agency
fashion to assist the President in mov-
Maryland has been a leader in the area
say that participants in AmeriCorps
ing the original guarantee proposal
of national service. The tremendous
have helped thousands of disaster vic-
through the Congress. Regrettably
number of volunteer organizations
tims pick up the pieces of their lives:
they were unable to garner the nec-
across the State deserve credit for the
Habitat for Humanity says they could
essary bipartisan support required to
enormous difference that volunteers
not do their job without such individ-
pass the legislation in a timely fashion.
have made and continue to make in
uals.
I think that the President was right in
Maryland each and every day. Mary-
In my view, Mr. President, those who
the judgment that the Mexican econ-
land has very deservedly been the re-
have answered the call to service by
omy could not withstand the battering
cipient of a number of first round
participating in AmeriCorps and other
of another several weeks of uncer-
AmeriCorps grants. I was privileged to
national service opportunities are tak-
tainty over whether the United States
be with the President during the offi-
ing part in the oldest and best of Amer-
assistance would be forthcoming.
cial kickoff of the AmeriCorps Pro-
ica's traditions-a spirit of service. I
Mr. President. we engage in vigorous
gram at Aberdeen Proving Ground last
would ask those who have criticized
debate in this body day in and day out.
September. the first campus selected
legislation which has furthered na-
Debate is clearly an integral part of
under the National Service Act as a
tional service to look again at the im-
the legislative process. However, from
cite for the National Civilian Commu-
portant efforts underway which serve
time to time, an issue comes before the
nity Corps [NCCC]. Using a converted
to produce stronger families and
Congress that is so important and so
barracks, the NCCC campus at Aber-
stronger communities, and to join me
sensitive that it mandates that par-
deen houses 250 young adults who work
in commending those who are taking
tisan politics be set aside and that we
in 10-member teams on projects
part in this important renewal of serv-
come together in support of the Presi-
throughout Maryland, the Northeast.
ice to our Nation.
dent. I believe that the situation in
and the Mid-Atlantic. The program em-
Mexico is just such an issue.
phasizes conservation of natural re-
Mexico and the United States have
sources, public safety. and the edu-
THE RETIREMENT OF RICHARD
had a long and enduring friendship. We
cational and human needs of children
COLLINS
share a 2,000-mile common border. We
and older Americans.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, on Janu-
share a common commitment to de-
I was also privileged to meet earlier
ary 31, Richard Collins of the staff of
mocracy, liberty. and human freedom.
with members of Community Year in
the Senate Appropriations Committee
We are partners in a global economy
Montgomery County, Civic Works in
retired. Mr. Collins has served the com-
that has inextricably linked our fates.
Baltimore, and the Maryland Conserva-
mittee and the Senate for the past 20
For all of these reasons, United States'
tion Corps to discuss their critical ef-
years. It has been my pleasure to have
interests are served by helping Mexico
forts to rehabilitate housing for low-in-
worked closely with Richard through-
at its moment of need. I call upon all
come families. More recently, my wife
out that period. Richard served as the
my colleagues to get behind the Presi-
was able to visit an AmeriCorps site at
clerk and staff director of the two sub-
dent in support of this effort-it is in
Frostburg State University in western
committees I had the fortune to chair
the interest of all Americans that this
Maryland. The local program, named
in the 1980's and 1990's, Foreign Oper-
initiative succeed.
Appalachian Service Through Action
ations and Defense.
and Resources or A STAR, provides
In each of these positions Richard
many types of assistance in areas in-
has served me and the Senate profes-
NATIONAL SERVICE
volving social service and the environ-
sionally and faithfully. I will miss his
Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President. I was
ment. Participants perform duties as
knowledge and counsel in the days and
proud to cast my vote for the National-
varied as coordinating environmental
years ahead. I can take some solace
and Community Service Trust Act of
projects at Deep Creek Lake, develop-
knowing that Richard plans to remain
1993 when the conference report came
ing Victory Gardens in Garrett County,
in the Washington, DC, area. And, I
before the Senate for final approval
working with local Head Start pro-
know we shall call upon him often to
last September. This was important
grams in recruiting volunteers, provid-
provide the type of guidance that we
legislation intended to marshal the Na-
ing independent living assistance en-
have counted upon for the past 20
tion's best resources-its citizens-to
larging area food pantries, and estab-
years.
confront the many pressing problems
lishing youth literacy programs.
Last Thursday night, the friends of
facing communities across the country.
Mr. President, it is my view that na-
Richard Collins gathered to wish him a
The National Service Act, signed into
tional service. and those who partici-
farewell and happy retirement. On that
law on September 21, 1993, has helped
pate in it represent the best of our Na-
occasion, Richard spoke eloquently
renew the ethic of civic responsibility
tion. AmeriCorps and other programs
about his career in the Senate, his
and the spirit of community service
under the National Service Act of 1993
many and varied experiences. and what
throughout the United States while
carry forward an idea rooted in the
it meant to him to be a staff member
also providing critical assistance in
best traditions and values of America-
for this body. He spoke of his affection
meeting vital human, educational. en-
the tradition of serving others. the
and reverence for the institution, the
vironmental, and public safety needs.
value of taking personal responsibility
relationship between Members and
In light of this, I am troubled by re-
for ourselves and our communities, and
their staff and the importance of staff
cent statements by the House Repub-
the belief that to whom much is given,
in the operation of the Senate. I know
lican leadership expressing opposition
much is expected. Through programs
that many of my colleagues were in at-
to national service, describing it as
like AmeriCorps we are providing our
tendance that evening and had the
gimmickry and coerced voluntarism. I
Naiton's young people with both an op-
good fortune to hear this gentleman's
would urge those who put forward
portunity and an obligation. It asks
farewell remarks. but I believe the
H554
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
January 24, 1995
height of hypocrisy. the height of hy-
their education through the National
the House. He said. if I understood hin
pocrisy for the Democrats to come
Service Program. AmeriCorps.
correctly, that no piece of major legis
down here and complain about what
As a former Peace Corps volunteer, I
lation has ever passed under open rules
the Republicans are doing after the
know the value of serving our commu-
while the Democrat majority was in
way they have run this House for the
nity here in the United States as well
power.
last 40 years.
as around the world.
As a member of the Committee on
Mr. NADLER. Mr. Speaker. I demand
Despite its short existence. President
Armed Services and as a member of the
that the gentleman's words be taken
Clinton's National Service Program
Committee on Natural Resources, Mr.
down.
has already achieved remarkable re-
Speaker, I can tell my colleagues that
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
sults in terms of participation, serving
the gentleman from California [Mr.
SHAYS). The gentleman will be seated.
our communities, and extending the in-
DELLUMS] and the gentleman from
The Clerk will report the words.
valuable benefits of higher education
California [Mr. MILLER] conducted
1230
to tens of thousands of young Ameri-
every single piece of legislation under
cans.
The Clerk read as follows:
open rules. Every single hearing, in-
In my hometown of Louisville, the 22
cluding the budget hearings, were open.
But it is apparent to anyone who is paying
volunteers of the ACME Program.
Every single Member of the then-mi-
attention to what is going on that the Demo-
which is affiliated with AmeriCorps,
nority who wanted to offer an amend-
cratic Party is doing everything they can to
serves at-risk youths in local schools
derail the Contract With America. They are
ment was able to do so, no matter how
through safety and education pro-
proposing hundreds of amendments to slow
long, no matter how lengthy. That was
down the process. All I want to say is that it
grams. Also in Kentucky, AmeriCorps
the case.
is the height of hypocrisy. the height of hy-
sponsors a housing and homeless pro-
Also. Mr. Speaker, I think it is a
pocrisy for the Democrats to come down here
gram. This program seeks to provide
mischaracterization not to indicate to
and complain about what the Republicans
affordable housing for those in need.
the American people and to new Mem-
are doing after the way they have run this
I believe that programs such as
bers of the House here that time was
House for the last 40 years.
AmeriCorps can only make our Nation
equally divided always under the chair-
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
stronger and bring our people closer.
manships of the gentleman from Cali-
SHAYS). The Chair is prepared to rule.
Mr. Speaker. I call for a renewed com-
fornia [Mr. DELLUMS] and the gen-
It would be out of order for the gen-
mitment to AmeriCorps.
tleman from California [Mr. MILLER].
tleman to make reference to a particu-
Get the facts straight, get the proc-
lar Member. but precedent suggests
THE TIME TO DELIVER IS HERE
ess right, and good legislation will fol-
that reference to procedures, or amend-
low.
ments. or to parties is not out of order.
Mr. BROWNBACK asked and was
The House will proceed in regular
given permission to address the House
order please.
for 1 minute.)
PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY
Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Speaker, I
1240
Mr. NADLER. Mr. Speaker, I have a
rise to address the body to comment
U.S. INVENTORS THREATENED BY
about the elections on November 8 and
parliamentary inquiry.
NEW REQUIREMENT OF GATT IM-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen-
the clear statement the American peo-
PLEMENTATION LEGISLATION
tleman will state his parliamentary in-
ple spoke of at that point, which was to
reduce the size. the scope, and the in-
(Mr. ROHRABACHER asked and was
quiry.
trusiveness of the Federal Government.
given permission to address the House
Mr. NADLER. The second half of the
It has come that time to stand and de-
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
statement of the distinguished gen-
liver.
his remarks.)
tleman made reference to the hypoc-
I call on the administration to put
Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker.
risy of the Democrats. The context
forward proposals looking at all Fed-
pardon me for talking about legislation
clearly indicated that it was the Demo-
eral agencies for their continued work
for a few moments.
cratic Members of the House that he
and their efforts in questioning wheth-
Mr. Speaker, I am asking my col-
was referring to. My parliamentary in-
er or not we should reduce the Federal
leagues today to join with almost 100
quiry. therefore:
role in these areas, and I ask the ad-
Members of this body in cosponsoring
Since the rules prohibit the impugn-
ministration to address that and to ex-
H.R. 359. This legislation is aimed at
ing of motives of Members of the
amine whole roles of agencies and pro-
preventing a crime against the Amer-
House. and the gentleman impugned
grams. This body has been continually
ican people. That crime was made pos-
the motives of a group of Members of
focused on the costs of these programs.
sible by a provision, not required by
the House. just under half the Members
I would ask the body to consider the
GATT but snuck into the GATT imple-
of the House: so is it not permitted
responsibility of us to our children and
mentation legislation. that will have
under the rules then to impugn the mo-
the enormous deficit that has been put
the effect of decreasing the number of
tives of an individual Member of the
forth, the enormous debt that has been
years of patent protection enjoyed by
House, but to impugn the motives of a
accumulated "and what responsibility
American citizens.
group of Members of the House is per-
we have to the children of this country
H.R. 359 ensures that Americans will
mitted?
to free them of that debt.
have the 17 years of protection that has
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
Mr. Speaker, it is one thing to spend
traditionally been our right. Almost
Chair believes that collective political
our children's inheritance. It is quite
100 Republicans, Democrats, protec-
motivation can be discussed and it was
another to spend them in debt. as we
tionists. free-traders, liberals, and con-
not discernible that it was relating to
have. and also the opportunity we have
servatives have joined together to pre-
any particular Member.
to free the society of these strains.
vent this rip-off that could see billions
The House will proceed in regular
of dollars that should go to American
order. please.
inventors and investors instead ending
GET THE FACTS STRAIGHT
up in the bank accounts of foreign and
(Mr. ABERCROMBIE asked and was
multinational corporations.
CALLING FOR A RENEWED
given permission to address the House
Mr. Speaker, I ask the Members to
COMMITMENT TO AMERICORPS
for 1 minute.)
please join in cosponsoring H.R. 359.
(Mr. WARD asked and was given per-
Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker. to
mission to address the House for 1
correct the record. I believe the gen-
minute.)
tleman from the 18th District of Illi-
THE NEW ANTIFEMININE TRENCH
Mr. WARD. Mr. Speaker. I rise today
nois [Mr. LAHOOD] who surely is no
INFECTION PILL
in support of the President in his ef-
rookie to the process here. perhaps un-
(Mrs. SCHROEDER asked and was
forts to strengthen our communities
intentionally mischaracterized what
given permission to address the House
and enable young Americans to further
has happened in terms of the history of
for 1 minute.)
January 20, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S1261
limit spending as the way to imple-
expressing my continued strong sup-
Critics have tried to attack the Na-
ment the constitutional balanced budg-
port of the concept of national service.
tional Service Program in a number at
et amendment. Of course, as a mere
The passage of the national service bill
different ways. During the debate on
statutory program. Congress can over-
in the last Congress was an event that
the authorizing legislation, we heard
ride it. We can always unpass what we
I, along with a number of my col-
cries of how many more Pell grants we
just passed. But at least I think it sets
leagues, looked forward to for many
could fund with the money. or how
forth a blueprint, a guideline for
years. Since President Clinton signed
many more job training programs we
achieving the objective.
the legislation into law on September
could fund with the money. Though
Finally, Mr. President, I think al-
21, 1993, thousands of Americans have
these criticisms are valid as far as they
most all of us agree that If we pass this
served our country in projects which
go, they almost inevitably lose sight of
balanced budget amendment and send
range from teaching school in inner-
the fact that National Service does not
it to the States for ratification, we
city neighborhoods to preventing de-
exist for the purpose of simply provid-
have to begin achieving that balanced
struction of lands along our Nation's
ing student aid or even job training.
budget today. We have to go back to
National Service exists primarily to
rivers.
last year's budget and see if there is
provide service. And if the program is
anything in the appropriations we
"The case for this initiative depends
not providing service, then it does not
passed last year that we can pull
on understanding that it is uniquely a
deserve to exist. A good analogy is our
back-money that we can save. We
program that offers a triple investment
Nation's Armed Forces. We do not
need to look at this year's budget as
in the future productive capacity of
maintain Armed Forces in order to pro-
the first of the budgets that gets us on
our people and our communities-first
vide valuable skills and develop good
the glidepath to a balanced budget, and
of all, in the service performed: the
character in young men and women.
set the outside limit of perhaps 7 years.
service experience, No. 2; and the
Rather. Armed Forces personnel de-
But we probably ought to try to do it
postservice benefit for our young peo-
velop skills and character in the mili-
in a shorter period, if we can, so that
ple, No. 3. I know that the word "in-
tary as they carry out their primary
when the balanced budget amendment
vestment" has been much abused in de-
mission of providing our Nation's secu-
has finally been ratified by all of the
bate on the Senate floor in recent
rity.
States, it will not be an impossible
years. and for some it is just a code
The same is true of national service.
task for us; so that we will have al-
word for Government spending. We
Would critics have the Senate dis-
ready started the process and each year
must not, however, become so cynical
regard the benefits to society of na-
intervening will have brought that
that we cannot see a real investment
tional service participants providing
budget deficit down another ratchet.
with a real payoff when it is staring us
employment counseling and tutoring
If we do that, in the last couple of
in the face.
to homeless people in Atlanta? Should
years when we actually have to do it as
The idea for this investment came
we ignore the benefits of the first-time
a constitutional requirement, it will be
from recognition that many Americans
immunization of 33,000 children in Fort
an achievable objective, and in the last
have. for the first time, perhaps, in our
Worth. TX, in one month which was
year or two, we will be able to make
history, forgotten the relationship be-
carried out by those serving in the na-
the savings and limit spending in such
tween rights and responsibilities. We
tional service program?
a way that we can achieve that bal-
often see reports in the news media
I could go on and on with the kind of
anced budget at the time it is called for
about various groups proclaiming that
service being provided. That is the true
in the constitutional amendment.
this Government service or that Gov-
test of national service. Are we really
So these are some of the things we
ernment service is a right. We are so
serving people and helping commu-
are going to have to think about as the
often reminded of the rights all Ameri-
nities? Considering the benefits na-
balanced budget debate begins to un-
cans should enjoy that we often lose
tional service provides at the commu-
fold. I think it is important to at least
sight of the other side of the same coin,
nity level. it is difficult to see why
begin to think about them in the con-
and that is the responsibilities that we
there are so many objections to this
text of the debate we are having on un-
must share in order to make these
program. Indeed, given the debates we
funded mandates, because as the Gov-
rights possible. Just as we have rights
have heard on unfunded mandates and
ernors and State legislators that have
to freedom, to life, liberty and the pur-
we continue to hear that on legislation
to deal with the balanced budget
suit of happiness, those sacred rights
in this body, I would think that our
amendment tell us, they know we have
carry with them equally sacred respon-
colleagues would agree that national
to mean business and get on with the
sibilities. The National Service Pro-
service represents the type of program
balanced budget amendment.
gram was created to provide young
that we ought to support.
At this point, I suggest the absence
Americans with opportunities to fulfill
National service is not a Federal
of a quorum.
that obligation to give something back
mandate for any specific type of serv-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
to their country and to their commu-
ice, nor does it require that commu-
clerk will call the roll.
nities.
nities participate at all. National serv-
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr., who
ice gives communities and service or-
ceeded to call the roll.
dedicated his life to the cause of civil
ganizations and young people the
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask
rights and whose birthday we cele-
chance, voluntarily, to identify and
unanimous consent that the order for
brated this past Monday, understood
perform the kind of service which best
the quorum call be rescinded.
that only through assuming respon-
meets their local needs with the Fed-
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
sibilities that accompany our rights
eral Government providing the fund-
COATS). Without objection, it is so or-
can we help ourselves. He said in the
ing. So it is almost the opposite of a
dered.
last Sunday morning sermon before his
Government mandate.
The Chair recognizes the Senator
assassination:
At the same time, it provides mean-
from Georgia for up to 15 minutes in
Human progress never rolls in on the
ingful work for young people address-
morning business.
wheels of inevitability: it comes through the
ing real problems without Federal
tireless efforts of men willing to be co-work-
micromanagement. This real work for
ers with God, and without this hard work.
real value will ensure a strong payback
NATIONAL SERVICE
time itself becomes an ally of the forces of
for the taxpayers' dollar. In the proc-
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I rise
social stagnation. So we must help time and
ess, national service instills in young
today to discuss the national service
realize that the time is always ripe to do
people the strong traditional values of
program which has been the subject of
right.
hard work and responsibility. They
a good bit of discussion in recent media
National Service provides young peo-
learn those values because they are
accounts and which President Clinton
ple a means to meet the challenge to
serving. It is not a program to teach
addressed this last week.
do right while expanding their own ho-
those values. It is a program where the
From the outset, I want to make it
rizons and building opportunity for
values are learned because of service
clear that I join President Clinton in
their futures.
rendered.
1262
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
January 20, 1995
As for the claim that national service
together, bound by mutual respect and
cally has been delayed and stalled, is
is-quoting one of the critics-"coerced
mutual obligation.
very important business for the people
volunteerism," I would suggest that
In the Peace Corps Program in my
of the United States of America and
critics ask any of the more than 200,000
State the participants begin each day
certainly many communities around
people who requested applications for
with a chant announcing their readi-
the country who suffer from the un-
last year's AmeriCorps Program or the
ness to serve, to earn, and to learn.
funded mandates that they have to
20,000 that were selected and are now
That, Mr. President, is the most elo-
comply with.
serving, whether they were coerced.
quent summary of the concept of na-
I want to discuss that legislation
National service is not coercion any
tional service that I think we can offer:
today for a few minutes and also to say
more than was the Montgomery GI bill
To serve, to earn, and to learn.
that I sincerely hope that in the very
which provides educational benefits for-
I urge all Senators to listen to our
near future, hopefully some time early
hundreds of thousands of young Ameri-
young people, to visit these programs,
next week, that we will be able to pass
cans who serve and have served in our
to make sure that the criticism of the
that legislation and get it on through
Nation's All-Volunteer Force.
programs-which is welcome-make
the House and the Senate and get it to
Instead, like the Montgomery GI bill,
sure it is constructive, to make sure we
the President. Hopefully he will sign it.
national service is an opportunity. an
look at whether we are really getting
This is a major piece of legislation that
opportunity that young people all over
service in the communities where they
the majority, overwhelming majority
America have said they want. Nothing
are serving. rather than simply oppose
of the American people support.
is more evident of that than the over-
this program as another governmental
I do not understand why we are de-
whelming number of applications. I
program.
laying it. Apparently there seems to
think we will see even more of the ap-
I urge all Senators to particularly
be, based on those we talk with, a great
plications in the years to come. assum-
talk to our young people, listen to
number of people on the other side of
them. and see what they say about
ing this program continues.
the aisle who say they support the bill
As for the benefits of service, and to
what they are doing in serving and
yet when it came down to signing the
earning and learning and continuing to
me this must be the way we judge the
petition for cloture, we did not get
give them a chance in this regard.
much help at all. Indeed. we only had
program more than any other judg-
There is room for improvement in the
one vote. I find a strange inconsistency
ment. although there are, really, as I
program. There is room for construc-
here that those who say they support
said, three parts to the program, serv-
tive criticism. There is room, perhaps.
the legislation cannot bring themselves
ice is the No. 1 part. In my State alone
to even critique the program in a way
to bring the legislation to a vote. I
the excellent works that have been per-
that would affect the budget. In my
think sometimes we get criticized here
formed by these young people is very
view, blind opposition to this exciting
for not being able to accomplish any-
impressive. In Georgia, national serv-
concept is simply not the way to go at
thing and the American people look at
ice participants are working in Atlanta
this point in time.
this and say, why is it that a Senator.
area schools as teaching assistants, tu-
I think the main measure must be
perhaps my own Senator, would say, "I
tors. and mentors. They are aiding po-
whether we are getting service from
am for this bill but I do not want us to
lice in developing a community-ori-
these young people and whether they
vote on it."
ented police program in Albany, GA.
are helping the communities, helping
When we get criticized out there in
They are helping create an emergency
young people, helping those in need. It
the public, we really should not wonder
911 network in Douglas and Coffee
is my hope that if this program works
why that happens. There is nothing
County. They are identifying local en-
and I believe it is working, that it will
wrong with debate. All Senators have
vironmental programs in Decatur, GA,
be viewed in the future as not simply
every right to debate this legislation as
and developing plans to engage youth
an addition to the way we deliver serv-
long as they wish. Certainly, I stand
in solving them. They are tutoring
ices to those in need in our country
here today before one of the most his-
hundreds and thousands of young peo-
and in our communities but rather in
toric desks in the U.S. Senate. This
ple every day in elementary school.
lieu of some of the existing programs.
desk belonged to Daniel Webster, one
They are also in some of the rural
I can think of no better way to de-
of the few original desks in the Senate.
areas that I visited. They do not have
liver social services in this Nation to
Daniel Webster, of course, at one
any foreign language teachers in the
those in need. We are going to continue
time represented New Hampshire in the
schools there and they have found that
to have people in need. We are going to
House, was born in New Hampshire,
with the immigration that is growing
continue to have community demands
and represented Massachusetts in the
in our State and other States, these
that cannot be met with nominal fund-
U.S. Senate, one of the greatest orators
young people who are in school that
ing. I can think of no better way than
of the pre-Civil War time. He certainly
cannot speak English need help. In
unleashing the energy, enthusiasm,
stood on the floor of the U.S. Senate
many cases, in a couple of the rural
and idealism of tens of thousands of
before this desk and debated many of
communities, that help is coming from
America's young people in addressing
the great issues of the day and, I am
national service participants who have
these critical problems. To me this is
sure, frustrated a lot of people on the
a second language and who are able to
the way we ought to begin thinking
other side. That is the way it should
be the only ones in the community
about shaping our social services.
be. That is what the Senate is. There is
that can really communicate with the
At this point in time this program is
nothing wrong with that. I do not criti-
newly arrived legal immigrants in our
in addition to the existing programs.
cize that in any way.
school.
We should look at it more and more as
I will say that this is an issue, the
All of these efforts are duplicated in
a substitute to some of the programs
unfunded mandate issue, that is so
national service programs nationwide.
and a supplement to others.
overwhelmingly supported by the peo-
From aiding the American Red Cross
I thank the Chair. I know the Sen-
ple in this country-I hesitate to say
and providing food and clothing for
ator from New Hampshire would like to
this, but I think it is true-that the
California flood victims to building
speak. I yield the floor.
American people, I think, are going to
homes for needy families in the poorest
Mr. SMITH addressed the Chair.
exact a price from those who delay it.
sections of Miami, with Habitat for Hu-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
I think they do it under grave risks.
manity.
ator from New Hampshire.
This legislation places, very interest-
In conclusion, Mr. President. na-
ingly, increased and added responsibil-
tional service provides a triple payback
ities on those who want to create the
in valuable service to the community.
END DELAY ON UNFUNDED
new mandate. It would also increase
Higher skills and lower debts for our
MANDATES LEGISLATION
the cost of an existing one. In other
young people for attending colleges or
Mr. SMITH. Thank you, Mr. Presi-
words, they must get an estimate of
getting advanced education after high
dent.
the cost of the new requirement to
school and a much stronger sense that
Mr. President, the bill that has been
both State and local government and
we are all in the American enterprise
before
the
Senate
for 8 days now basi-
the private sector and provide the
January 19, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S1131
Mr. GRASSLEY. Thank you, Mr.
misinformation that it is very impor-
AmeriCorps Program is doing commu-
President.
tant to try to point out when the facts
nity work, doing legal work in the
(The remarks of Mr. GRASSLEY per-
are wrong when we talk about pro-
communities, working in a law en-
taining to the introduction of S. 243 are
grams.
forcement program, in'a drug rehabili-
located in today's RECORD under
I start off by making these comments
tation program, in a nursing program,
"Statements on Introduced Bills and
because I was really very surprised by
an environmental cleanup program, as
Joint Resolutions.")
the Senator from Iowa, who was on the
they are doing in my State of Louisi-
Mr. GRASSLEY: Mr. President, I
floor earlier, his remarks regarding na-
ana, as we are doing in Louisiana
suggest the absence of a quorum.
tional service that I read in the CON-
where we have young AmeriCorps stu-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
GRESSIONAL RECORD.
dents who are working in the sheriffs
clerk will call the roll.
I supported the program. It was the
department and local law enforcement.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
type of initiative that the President
Mr. President, they are giving some-
ceeded to call the roll.
ran on 2 years ago, the type of program
thing back to a Government that has
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask
that I think is a good program. When I
helped them go to college. It is a part-
unanimous consent that the order for
read the gentleman's statements in the
nership. It is not a giveaway program.
the quorum call be rescinded.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I was flab-
It does not cost $70,000 for one young
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
bergasted. I said, This cannot be true.
student to be able to participate in this
objection. it is so ordered.
In essence, what the Senator was
program. It is asking the local commu-
The Senator from Georgia is recog-
saying was that the AmeriCorps Pro-
nity to say, do you need these types of
nized.
gram. part of the National Service Pro-
students working in your local town?
(The remarks of Mr. NUNN pertaining
gram. was costing $70,000 per student-
Most of them are saying, Yes, we need
to the introduction of S. 244 are located
$70,000 per student-in order to help
some help. We need some help in the
in today's RECORD under "Statements
kids go to college. I said that is ridicu-
environment. We need some help in
on Introduced Bills and Joint Resolu-
lous; I am not going to spend $70,000 a
drug enforcement programs and drug
tions.")
year to send kids to college. I found
rehabilitation programs.
Mr. NUNN. I thank the Chair.
out some serious mistakes, in my opin-
So the AmeriCorps Program is not a
I yield the floor.
ion, were made about characterizing
giveaway program: it is a program that
Mr. President, I suggest the absence
this program that is costing $70,000 a
encourages young people to partici-
of a quorum.
student in Pennsylvania, in the city of
pate. We have an all-volunteer army.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Philadelphia.
They get paid, too. They get a salary
clerk will call the roll.
What I found out was that the mis-
so they can survive and so they can
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
take that was made in using these
live. I do not think they detract from
ceeded to call the roll.
facts was the fact that they did not
an all-volunteer military. The basic
Mr. BREAUX. Mr. President, I ask
take into eonsideration private law
fact is we should be encouraging young
unanimous consent that the order for
firms that were contributing to this in-
men and women to give something
the quorum call be rescinded.
dividual's salary; they did not take
back to a Government that has helped
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
into consideration the Philadelphia
them get an education.
objection. it is so ordered.
Bar Association's contribution in this
As President Clinton has said so
Mr. BREAUX. Mr. President, I ask
particular area. When he added up
many times in this country today,
unanimous consent that I be permitted
what the private sector was going to do
what you earn is going to be based on
to speak in morning business.
with up to 11 full-time workers, he
what you learn. The facts are dra-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
came up with the figure of $70,000,
matic, that a young person, a young
ator from Louisiana, Mr. BREAUX, is
when in truth the Federal Govern-
male in this country that graduates
recognized to speak for up to 15 min-
ment's contribution and the cost to the
from a 4-year college earns about 83
utes.
taxpayers was only $4,911. That is a big
percent more in his lifetime than a per-
Mr. BREAUX. I thank the Chair.
difference from $70,000.
son who has not been able to go to col-
The AmeriCorps Program, the Na-
lege; 83 percent more in a lifetime.
tional Service Program, is really what
That is not just pie in the sky. That is
NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAM
I think Republicans have always been
real facts.
Mr. BREAUX. Mr. President and my
talking about. Let us get away from
That is something that we as a na-
colleagues, I remember when I was
giveaway programs. Let Members ter-
tion should be encouraging. And we do
practicing law in Louisiana as a very
minate programs, and just give money
not encourage it under national service
young lawyer. One of the senior law-
away from Washington to get people to
by a giveaway program; we encourage
yers was explaining to me how we
do certain things. The essence of what
it to be a partnership by saying to that
should proceed in a courtroom. His sug-
AmeriCorps is all about-and we have
young man or young woman that if you
gestion was,
had up to 200,000 young men and women
would like to go to college and you
If you don't have the facts on your side
in this country volunteer to partici-
need some help. we will help you pay
when you are arguing your case, well, you
pate in the AmeriCorps Program. It is
for your tuition. But it is not free; it is
should talk about the law. But if you do not
a wonderful concept. It builds on the
not free. You have an obligation to try
have the law on your side and you are han-
Peace Corps Program.
to give something back to your Gov-
dling a case in court, you should talk about
By the way, Peace Corps Program
ernment-not in India, not in Japan,
the facts.
volunteers get a stipend; they are paid.
not in Europe, not in a Third-World
He went on to suggest if you do not
Just like the Vista Program has young
country, but right here in America.
have either one on your side, you ought
men and women in this program, that
That is why it is called AmeriCorps. It
to just stand up and shout and walk
participate in the program and do won-
is not a foreign aid program. We are
around the courtroom and act like you
derful things, they get a small salary,
not sending kids to other nations to
know what you are talking about.
as well. The concept of AmeriCorps,
help them solve their problems. We are
Mr. President, I would suggest that
and why I think Republicans and
saying that if you accept this chal-
some of the Republican rhetoric that I
Democrats alike should be supportive
lenge, we will let you work in your
have heard in talking about national
of it, is because it is a partnership be-
local community, back where people
service takes the approach if you do
tween the Government and the citizens
know you, where you may ultimately
not have the facts on your side, just
of this country.
end up working as a citizen in a part-
make them up and say whatever you
It talks about community, respon-
nership with your local citizens in your
want about a program in order to try
sibility, reciprocity; it talks about say--
local community.
to show that it is not a good program.
ing if the Government is going to help
That is why when someone says, well.
I think it is very important that we
me to go to college, I have an obliga-
this program costs $70,000 a student, it
stick to the facts when we talk about
tion to reciprocate and give something
is absolutely not factual. It does not
programs and things we do in Govern-
back. What they give back in the
cost $70,000 for the taxpayers of this
ment. I think the public gets so much
S1132
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
January 19, 1995
country. What we have in Philadelphia
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
were coping with the impending loss of
in this instance is a situation where
BURNS). Without objection, it is 80 or-
the Air Force.
the local bar association and several
dered.
What I found was a community that
law firms in the country have helped
desperately wanted to beat swords into
put up money to pay the salaries for up
plowshares. I found also a community
to 11 AmeriCorps students who will be
BASE CLOSINGS
that was receiving virtually no help
working in that community as lawyers
Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, in less
whatsoever from the Federal Govern-
and as law students, helping people
than 2 months the Secretary of Defense
ment. In fact, this community claimed
that have problems, helping people un-
will forward to the 1995 Base Closure
that Washington was their largest
derstand the Government and this sys-
Commission his so-called "hit list" of
roadblock to a speedy recovery. The
tem. The Federal Government is going
military base closings. Although it is
citizens of Blytheville needed the Air
to put out $4,900 to allow that student
an excruciating exercise, I think we
Force's cooperation and the Federal
to work in that community. We have
would all agree that closing obsolete
Government's resources. What they re-
helped them get a college education
military bases is a painful necessity.
ceived instead was bureaucratic lip
and they are paying back with their
With the end of the cold war, the
service and endless red tape.
services, and getting enough of a sti-
Pentagon estimated that 30 percent of
The same was true in other commu-
pend from the Federal Government to
our domestic military bases must be
nities across America. The problems
at least survive and to be able to con-
shut down. Due in large part to the ef-
were so severe that the former major-
tinue that work and do it full time. We
forts of Senator SAM NUNN, of Georgia,
ity leader, Senator George Mitchell,
are talking about full-time workers.
and former Senator Alan Dixon, of Illi-
decided to create a special task force
This is not a giveaway program. Does
nois, Congress created a bipartisan
to devise a strategy for easing the im-
it cost anything? Of course, it costs.
Base Closure Commission to help us
pact of defense budget reductions and
But how much does it cost to build a
make the necessary choices of which
for making a smooth transition to a
prison? We spend $300 million for a na-
bases to close.
post-cold war economy.
tional program to try to get people to
I believe the base closure process is
Senator Mitchell asked me to become
sound. It serves as a model of how to
the task force chairman. With 24
have a partnership with their Govern-
ment, to get a college education, and
make difficult and politically sensitive
Democratic Senate colleagues, we
budget-cutting decisions. The Base Clo-
began studying what the Federal Gov-
give something back to the commu-
sure Commission successfully com-
ernment's role should be, if any, to
nity. We spend billions of dollars, I sug-
pleted base closure rounds in 1988, 1991,
help in our Nation's ongoing transition
gest, building prisons in this country
and 1993.
from swords to plowshares.
and running prisons in this country, to
As this chart to my left indicates,
Our 1992 task force concluded that
incarcerate young men and women who
these three rounds of base closings
the end of the cold war had caught our
have gone by the wayside, maybe be-
eliminated some 70 military bases
country by surprise, and that we were
cause they did not have a National
throughout America. Some areas and
late in devising a national strategy for
Service Program, because nobody
some States were hit harder than oth-
helping our cold war workers. commu-
cared. Nobody told them they have a
ers.
nities and companies find a new direc-
reciprocal obligation to give something
On March 1, 1995, the Commission
tion.
back to a Government that has helped
will begin its very important delibera-
We also found that the United States
them get a college education.
tions once again, and before the year is
of America was better prepared to han-
I have heard Speaker GINGRICH in the
through, the Commission will seek con-
dle a much larger transition in the
other body talk, time and time again,
gressional and Presidential approval to
years following World War II. As early
about communities, family, and serv-
close dozens of additional bases. We
as 1943, 2 years before the war had
ice, and giving something back to the
have been told that this list will be
ended, President Roosevelt made the
communities. This program is an ex-
longer and painful. In fact, it has been
decision to begin planning for the war's
ample of giving something back to the
said that this base closure round will
end and the difficult conversion to a
communities, of national service, of
possibly be equal in size to the first
peacetime economy. He had created
saying: I want to help my Government
three rounds combined.
the War Demobilization Office and
do better. If my Government helps me
To be certain, base closings hurt. In
charged this new entity with devising a
get a college education, I am pleased,
communities that lose a base, thou-
national strategy. From this office
but I also recognize that it is not free.
sands of jobs are terminated, busi-
emerged the GI bill and many other
I will give back to my Government in
nesses close down, millions of dollars
initiatives that helped our country
the same ratio that they have given to
in annual revenue disappear from
grow and prosper in the years that fol-
me.
sight. Mr. President, I am personally
lowed.
I think that produces a stronger com-
aware of that pain caused by base clo-
In 1992, however, 3 years after the
munity. I think that produces stronger
sure announcements. The 1991 Commis-
Iron Curtain began to crack, our Gov-
families. I think that produces a sense
sion closed Eaker Air Force Base, a B-
ernment still had no comprehensive
of what America is all about. So I
52 base located in Mississippi County,
strategy for beating swords into plow-
would suggest when we talk about na-
AR. They also took away & majority of
shares. History, Mr. President, should
tional service, let Members first get
the work at Fort Chaffee near Fort
have taught us better. The lesson
our facts straight. Let Senators first
Smith, AR.
learned after World War II, and in
understand the real cost.
Most of our colleagues in the Senate
other periods of defense downsizing,
I suggest, second, let Senators join
have witnessed the departure of the
was that our Government has a duty to
together if there are problems, and let
military in at least one community in
provide comprehensive transition as-
us improve the program. Let us not, by
their State. My colleagues from Cali-
sistance to those affected by reductions
incorrect factual information. try to
fornia lost eight major military bases
in our Nation's defense expenditures.
kill a program that I suggest is in
in 1993 alone, as this map so indicates.
Some might say, Mr. President, that
keeping with what America is all
We have seen communities react with
this is not the function nor the role of
about.
anger and frustration to the news of
Government. I would submit. however,
I yield the floor, Mr. President. I sug-
base closings. We have witnessed their
that our Government should become a
gest the absence of a quorum.
fear about surviving such a tremendous
partner in this endeavor and not an ob-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
economic blow. For most base closure
stacle to economic recovery.
clerk will call the roll.
towns, the military was the largest em-
To compensate for our slow start and
The degislative clerk proceeded to
ployer. as in the case of Eaker Air
to finally allow our Government to be-
call the roll.
Force Base in Blytheville, AR.
come a partner instead of an obstacle,
Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I ask
Mr. President, I visited this base in
our 1992 task foroe recommended siz-
unanimous consent that the order for
1992. 1 year after the closure announce-
able increases in defense reinvestment
the quorum call be rescinded.
ment, to see how the local townspeople
funding and programs. That same year
S986
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
January 17, 1995
to war. who have served their country.
tempt by Republican leaders to distort
to bowling leagues. So, Senator MIKUL-
and indeed as in the wonderful men
a bold approach to solving our coun-
SKI. what does that have to do with na-
who fought at the Battle of the Bulge
try's problems.
tional service?
and saved western civilization. But I
It appears from these recent com-
The point is bowling alone is a meta-
wish to speak about another hero, a
ments and others made earlier on the
phor for the way Americans have come
hero by the name of Sister Mary Ade-
floor today, that some in this Congress
to view civic involvement and citizen-
laide Schmidt, school Sister of Notre
will try to lump national service in
ship. There has a been an absolute de-
Dame who taught me in Catholic ele-
with every other program headed for
cline in developing community involve-
mentary school. Sister passed away in
the chopping block as part of our insti-
ment. People have less time available
the last few days at age of 97. She was
tution's budget cutting fever.
because many households have two
born in 1898, when we did not even have
Well. I am here today to say that na-
wage earners instead of one. They are
the right to vote, but she certainly
tional service is not a Government-run
more mobile. We have a society that is
knew how to empower women, em-
social program. And that is the point
more influenced by TV. And they are
power us with the message of the gos-
that the Speaker and some of national
also less committed. There is a serious
pel. empower us with the skills that we
service's critics misunderstand.
lack of a sense of civic obligation.
needed to make it in the world, and to
It is not a program but a new social
Fewer people attend PTA. groups
know how to claim our womanly virtue
invention created to provide access to
like Red Cross and the Boy Scouts have
and at the same time make a dif-
the American dream of higher edu-
fewer volunteers.
ference.
cation and to help create the ethic of
My point in saying this is that na-
Sister Adelaide played a special role
service and civic obligation in today's
in my life. This booming voice that you
tional service is an idea that promotes
young people.
hear on the Senate floor today was a
exactly the values that the Republican
Under national service, young Ameri-
leader wishes to instill. The fact that
voice that was shy about speaking up
cans receive a reduction in their stu-
when I was in the sixth grade. The
we should not rely on Government.
dent debt. or a voucher for higher edu-
same kind of voice. low pitched, husky.
that there should be a role for non-
cation. in exchange for full- or part-
that can be heard throughout the Sen-
profit organizations, that there should
time community service. Service
ate Chamber, could be heard through-
projects are driven by the choices of
be for every opportunity. an obligation;
out the sixth grade at Sacred Heart of
local nonprofits organized around one
for every right, a responsibility. And
Jesus Elementary School. As a result. I
of four broad themes-public health,
that is what national service is about.
was shy about speaking up because my
the environment, public safety, or edu-
It is not coercive. Nobody is forced to
voice was lower than the other girls' in
cation.
get into the national service program.
the classroom, when boys voices were
National service began as a concept
But I will tell you what they do. Their
changing.
with the Democratic Leadership Coun-
lives are significantly changed by it
Sister Adelaide asked me to stay
cil and other Democrats like myself in
and their communities are signifi-
after school, brought this out in her
the 1980's. But its purpose was not born
cantly changed by it.
kindly way, to have me share that with
of political gamesmanship or partisan
Young American men no longer have
her. And then for the next couple of
advantage. It was designed to address
the shared experience of military serv-
weeks she said, let us make sure you
two of the most pressing needs that our
ice that served for the men of my gen-
know how you sound and how good it is
country faces. One, how can students
eration as a rite of passage into adult-
going to make you feel. She had me
pay off their student debt; and how can
hood. Where they learned that there
read poetry. she had me read passages
we create a sense of voluntarism.
was more to being a good citizen than
of the Psalms, she had me read out
The first is the issue of student in-
just staying out of trouble. That in-
loud from both the Bible and contem-
debtedness and access to higher edu-
stead, civic responsibility meant unit-
porary works of literature. By the time
cation. Most college graduates today
ing with people of all different walks of
I finished that stretch of time I knew
face their first mortgage the day they
life for a common purpose to help peo-
how to speak up; I was comfortable in
leave college-it is called their student
ple help themselves; to be part of an
doing it. Two years later I ran for class
loans. That debt often forces them to
American effort bigger than them-
president in the eighth grade and, as
make career choices oriented strictly
selves.
Paul Harvey says, "You know the rest
to getting them financially fit for
National service is the latest in a
of the story."
duty.
long series of social inventions we have
So today I would like to pay tribute
Worse yet, for many the high cost of
created to help provide access to higher
to Sister Mary Adelaide and the enor-
higher education simply denies them
education. We created night schools to
mous sacrifice that she made with her
access to college at all.
teach immigrants English. We created
life that made a difference in so many
By providing a post-service benefit.
the GI bill for returning veterans. and
others'. like my own. And for all of the
national service members can ease
we invented community colleges to
wonderful men and women who are
their student debt. or accrue savings
bring higher education close to home
teachers. and teach in religious day
that will help them go to school. It is
at a modest cost.
schools: Know that you have made a
not an entitlement. and it is not a hand
The argument that national service
difference. I believe that they are un-
out.
is coerced voluntarism is a knee-jerk
sung heroes.
Educational benefits are linked to
statement that belies the facts. I
So. Mr. President. I wanted to salute
work service. Participants are eligible
chaired the Appropriations Sub-
Sister Mary Adelaide.
only when they have finished their
committee which has funded national
work service commitment.
service in the past. In the first 2 years
The second problem national service
of the Clinton administration. no one
NATIONAL SERVICE
is designed to address is more idealis-
coerced anyone to participate. Instead,
Ms. MIKULSKI Mr. President. I
tic. It is how to instill in young Ameri-
people were knocking down the doors
wanted to speak on the issue of na-
cans what de Tocqueville called the
to join.
tional service. The new issue of News-
habits of the heart. To address the
Two facts make this point. First of
week quotes the new Speaker of the
sharp drop over the last two decades in
all, there are more people who want to
House as unequivocally opposing na-
the number of Americans who volun-
participate than there are opportuni-
tional service because it is, in his
teer in their own communities, a fact
ties.
words. "coerced voluntarism."
representative
of
Americans
In national service's first 2 years,
I believe the new Speaker does not
disinvesting in those social institu-
about 1,500 organizations applied for
understand national service or the
tions which helped build our country.
funds. Only 300 were selected because of
grounding that went on behind it.
Bob Putnam. a Professor at Harvard.
lack of funds. That is a selection rate
As one of the founding godmothers of
has written an article called "Bowling
of just 20 percent-a lower selection
this initiative. I rise this afternoon to
Alone." He says more people bowl
rate than peer-reviewed research
express my dismay at yet another at-
today than a decade ago but few belong
grants at either the National Science
January 17, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S987
Foundation or the National Institutes
their own community. primarily work-
does not identify with victims, but in-
of Health.
ing through nonprofits and enabling
stead calls people to self-responsibil-
Second. in the current fiscal year. we
themselves to pay off their student
ity-by helping not just yourself, but
provided enough funds to get about
debt, helping the community. Mr.
others too.
23,000 people participating in full- or
President, I believe their lives will be
What better way to help a young
part-time national service. Yet since
changed. I believe that when the
woman on welfare but to help her un-
the President launched his call for a
voucher part of this program is over
derstand that she can not only receive
season of service, the Corporation for
they will go on volunteering the rest of
help. but provide it to others as well.
National Service has received calls
their lives.
Benefits are earned through work.
from nearly 200,000 different persons
I think it is an important program. I
not a Government handout. There is no
wanting to participating in the pro-
hope that before we go around attack-
entitlement.
gram. So just 1 in 10 who have wanted
ing some of these programs that we
And national service promotes the
to voluntarily participate have been
take a look at their mission. If we have
kind of social cohesion-rich and poor,
able to do so.
to fine tune the administrative aspects
black and white-best achieved by peo-
Now some discount the kind of work
of it, so be it. But I believe national
ple working together, a theme the new
undertaken through national service.
service is an important part of our na-
Speaker outlines so eloquently in his
They say it is trivial, or unnecessary.
tional agenda and should have biparti-
maiden speech as Speaker.
or even irrelevant. But I can tell you
san support.
I worked for many years as a social
that in my own State of Maryland, na-
In rural, urban, and suburban places
worker and community organizer in
tional service is making a difference-
around Maryland, the Maryland service
Baltimore. I learned from that experi-
not with fancy bumper sticker pro-
corps-like the Maryland Conservation
ence more than I have ever learned
grams or activities that simply touch
Corps, Civic Works in Baltimore. and
from memos and briefings in Washing-
the surface of what is needed.
Community Year in Montgomery Coun-
ton. I am a better Senator because of
For example, 30 national service vol-
ty-are teaming up to rehabilitate
what I learned from the people and the
unteers in Montgomery County are
houses for low-income families.
communities I worked with every day.
working with cops as victim assistance
These are but two examples of hun-
The people who work in national serv-
advocates for 1,000 senior citizens.
dreds of ones that are taking place
ice are also learning and being changed
They help teach crime prevention tech-
across America in 49 of the 50 States.
by their experience too.
niques and organize neighborhood
They are fighting to make a difference
It was 35 years ago that President
watch activities. They work every day
in people's lives, 1 day at a time, one
Kennedy challenged Americans to ask
to make Montgomery County, MD, a
person at a time. Because in today's
not what their country could do for
safer place to live.
culture of mass marketing, mass pro-
them, but what they could do for their
National service is helping senior
duction, and mass advertising, we need
country. In that spirit, I will join the
citizens avoid, crime by teaching crime
to teach every young American that he
President and my colleagues on both
prevention. organizing neighborhood
or she can make a difference. Whether
sides of the aisle in fighting to preserve
watchdogs and rural, urban. In subur-
they are from a middle-class suburb, a
national service in the days and
ban areas they have service corps relat-
tough inner-city neighborhood, or a
months ahead.
ed to conservation. They are rehabili-
rural county that's economy is driven
I yield the floor under the unani-
tating houses for low-income families.
by the labor of the land.
mous-consent agreement that we had
When we were hit by tornadoes, the
Earlier today, one of my colleagues
agreed to.
National Service Corps moved in and
alluded to a General Accounting Office
helped families help themselves to be
study that I initiated when I chaired
able to pull themselves out of the trag-
the VA-HUD Appropriations Sub-
UNFUNDED MANDATE REFORM
edy that affected them. There are
committee. It is a routine review of the
ACT
many criticisms of national service,
administrative costs of national serv-
The Senate continued with the con-
and Senator GRASSLEY raised a few re-
ice activities designed to help us im-
sideration of the bill.
lated to bureaucracy. I do think we
prove it where possible, and guarantee
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
need to make sure that bureaucracy is
as much money goes into service ac-
ate from Idaho is recognized.
kept at a minimum.
tivities instead of overhead.
Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President,
Mr. President, regardless about how
The fact that we began it in the last
thank you very much.
one feels about it as an organization,
Congress demonstrates the long-stand-
Mr. President, it was going to be my
let us not lose sight of the mission. We
ing desire of those who support the pro-
intent to seek unanimous consent that
need new social inventions in this
gram to make it bipartisan, and fo-
we proceed to a vote of the pending
country to take us into the 21st cen-
cused on results. not rhetoric. It
amendment before us, which, as I un-
tury just like we need new techno-
doesn't indicate any evidence that this
derstand it, is the amendment on page
logical inventions. We have continued
initiative is off-track or funds wasteful
15, lines 23, 24, 25, and on page 16, line
creating social inventions that have
service efforts.
1. But it is my understanding that
provided access to the American dream
To suggest otherwise is simply to let
there would be objection to that.
around owning a home and acquiring
one's rhetoric get ahead of the facts.
Therefore, Mr. President, in order to
higher education. In terms of acquiring
So. I for one, look forward to the
continue to proceed forward. I move to
education, we in the United States of
GAO's findings and intend to use them
table this amendment and I ask for the
America invented night school 80 im-
to improve national service, not under-
yeas and nays.
migrants could be able to learn Eng-
mine it.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a
lish, citizenship, and move ahead. No
As the new Republican majority
sufficient second?
other country in the world had it until
takes shape in both Houses of Con-
There is a sufficient second.
we invented it. There is the GI bill that
gress. I hope that they keep an open
The yeas and nays were ordered.
said "thank you" to Americans who
mind on national service. Rather than
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
made sacrifices in World War II, and
criticizing it. national service seems to
question is on agreeing to the motion
part of that was to be able to have a
be the kind of program they should
of the Senator from Idaho to lay on the
VA mortgage and a VA opportunity to
like.
table the committee amendment on
seek higher education. We even in-
Service choices are selected on the
page 115, lines 23, 24, and 25, and on
vented the community college system
basis of merit, not political muscle.
page 16, line 1. On this question, the
to make sure that you did not have to
And those choices are made at the
yeas and nays have been ordered, and
go away to be able to learn.
State and local level. not by bureau-
the clerk will call the roll.
National service is an opportunity. It
crats in Washington.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
is an organization right now that is
It rewards the kind of values like
Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen-
providing volunteer slots of 20,000 peo-
sweat equity and hard work that are
ator from North Carolina [Mr.
ple a year to actually work hands on in
the heart of American family life. It
FAIRCLOTH]. the Senator from Texas
11/28/95
Rick:
These
Are the
negative
statements
per your request.
Patty
October 31, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORDSENATE
S16433
SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS
Superfund Program. While I share Mr.
Section 8 subsidizes the construction
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President. I ask unan-
LAUTENBERG'S concern for the environ-
and operation of apartment buildings,
imous consent that the Permanent
ment, very few Americans familiar
provided the owner agrees to rent a
Subcommittee on Investigations of the
with the Superfund Program would dis-
certain percentage of those apartments
Committee on Governmental Affairs,
agree that it is in need of reform. We
to low-income people. Currently, 1.5
be authorized to meet during the ses-
have spent billions of dollars on the
million units are subsidized in this
sion of the Senate on Tuesday, October
Superfund Program already, and the
fashion, and many of these contracts
31 and Wednesday, November 1, 1995 to
results have been minimal. Superfund
are due to expire. If they are not re-
hold hearings on Global Proliferation
has resulted in more lawsuits, more pa-
newed, many of the tenants will lose
of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
perwork, extreme cleanup mandates,
their homes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
and few cleanups. This is a classic at-
In order to pay for the increase in
objection, it is so ordered.
tempt to throw good tax dollars after
homeless funding. Senator SARBANES
bad. Without meaningful reform of the
would have reduced funding for renew-
program, I am not convinced that
ing section 8 contracts. By taking
ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Superfund dollars are being well-spent,
away from this account, this amend-
making it impossible for me to support
ment threatens to put people currently
this amendment.
housed under the section 8 program on
VA, HUD, INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Senator MIKULSKI offered an amend-
the street. The Federal Government
APPROPRIATIONS
ment which would have restored $425
has a role to play in helping the home-
Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I
million in funding for the Corporation
less, and in this case the underlying
would like to take this time to explain
for National and Community Service.
bill fills this role by addressing the
some of the votes I cast during consid-
While I applaud her efforts to encour-
needs of people already living on the
eration of the VA, HUD, independent
age Americans to provide more service
streets as well as ensuring we don't en-
agencies appropriations bill on Sep-
to their communities, this program
courage additional families to join
tember 27, 1995.
costs $26,000 per participant per year-
them.
Senator BUMPERS offered an amend-
a level which cannot be sustained in
Overall I believe we have produced a
ment to reduce the appropriation for
the current budget environment.
solid appropriations bill, one which
implementing the space station pro-
Furthermore, I could not support
stays within the budget limitations
gram with the intent of terminating
funding for this program upon learning
necessary to balance the budget by the
the program. The Bumpers amendment
that $14 million out of last year's
year 2002, delegates much of the fund-
raised the question as to what the
AmeriCorps funds were used to fund
ing to States in the form of block
United States fundamental goals and
Federal agencies. While the adminis-
grants so that spending is more effec-
needs are in exploring space. While it is
tration claims it is cutting staff, they
tive, and revises or eliminates pro-
clear that the space station has
are actually playing a shell game with
grams that simply have not been work-
spurred technological and scientific de-
taxpayers' dollars by using AmeriCorps
ing. I was proud to support final pas-
velopment unrelated to space, I am not
workers in the Federal Government. I
sage of this legislation.
convinced that these developments jus-
am confident that the original support-
tify the enormous taxpayer expense of
ers of this program did not intend for
the space station. Therefore, at this
these volunteers to choose Federal em-
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
time, I supported Senator BUMPERS'
ployment as their community service.
DEMOCRACY
amendment. Since the amendment
Forty percent of the dollars cur-
Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, on Oc-
failed, however, we will most likely
rently spent on AmeriCorps is used for
tober 20, a letter from four former Na-
continue to fund the space station for
administrative purposes by the Federal
tional Security Advisers was sent to
fiscal year 1996, and as we spend more
Government. These funds would be
the chairman and ranking member of
on this program we will come closer to
more efficiently and effectively spent
the Committee on Foreign Relations
a point at which it would no longer be
on a local rather than a national level.
expressing their support for the work
wise to discontinue funding. I believe
Another amendment which touched
of the National Endowment for Democ-
we are near that point and will review
on an important social issue was the
racy [NED]. According to these four
this budget request again next year to
Sarbanes amendment to transfer $360
distinguished experts, NED "has served
determine whether eliminating funding
million from section 8 contract renew-
our national interest well through its
for the space station would benefit tax-
als to homeless assistance grants to in-
timely support of those who advance
payers.
crease funding for Federal homeless
the cause of democracy."
Senator ROCKEFELLER offered two
programs. Most Americans share a
As we make the difficult budgetary
amendments regarding benefits for vet-
common concern regarding the plight
choices that will help guarantee for us
erans. One involved compensation for
of the homeless and agree that the
and our children a prosperous future, it
mentally incompetent service-related
Government should play a role in the
is essential that we not discard those
disabled veterans and the other would
solution. Nevertheless. I voted against
programs-particularly those that are
have increased funding for the general
this amendment for two reasons.
cost-effective-which enhance our
veterans medical account. My opposi-
First, the underlying bill provides
long-term security. As the following
tion to these amendments was not
$760 million for homeless grants, with
letter from Messrs. Allen, Brzezinski,
based on their content, but rather on
an additional $297 million in homeless
Carlucci, and Scowcroft points out, the
the fact that the funding mechanism
grants funding available from the ear-
National Endowment for Democracy is
for both of these amendments involved
lier rescission bill, which deferred this
such a program.
waiving the Budget Act. More than any
funding from fiscal year 1995 to fiscal
I ask that the letter be printed in the
veteran-specific funding we can pro-
year 1996. In total, homeless programs
RECORD. The letter follows:
vide, balancing the budget will benefit
will have $1.057 billion to spend in fis-
OCTOBER 20, 1995.
veterans and their children. Any
cal year 1996. The Sarbanes amendment
Hon. JESSE HELMS,
amendment which increases spending
would not increase this funding by one
Hon. CLAIBORNE PELL,
and puts our country further from
penny. All the funds he proposes to
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Washing-
achieving a balanced budget ought to
transfer would not be available until
ton, DC.
be rejected. And while I do not doubt
fiscal year 1997. In other words, this
Hon. BENJAMIN GILMAN.
that Senator ROCKEFELLER'S amend-
amendment would not have helped one
Hon. LEE HAMILTON,
ments have merit, his inability to find
homeless person next year.
House International Relations Committee,
other spending offsets made them im-
Second, I was concerned that an un-
Washington, DC.
As former National Security Advisers to
possible for me to support.
intended consequence of this amend-
the President, we are familiar with the work
Senator LAUTENBERG also proposed to
ment would be to increase homeless-
of the National Endowment for Democracy
waive provisions of the Budget Act in
ness. The bill provides $4.35 billion in
(NED). In our assessment, NED, established
order to provide more funding for the
funding for section 8 contract renewal.
under President Reagan as an instrument in
1890
CONGRESSIONAL of Remarks
September 29, 1995
placed a bomb on board. but a nation-wide
OTHER PROGRAMS SUFFER
would be safe to say, is the current major con-
investigation. costing an estimated $60-mil-
Despite that fact that we were able to fund
cern of seniors across America.
lion. has left the crime still unsolved.
the 20,000 AmeriCorps "volunteers." we could
The GOP has put out a plan to cut Medi-
According to Soft Target, some senior
not, for instance, fully fund either the Pell
care. Based on what is known or perhaps I
CSIS officials and one RCMP officer eventu-
Grant or the Stafford Loan program. both of
should say not known in terms of legislative
ally concluded that an Indian intelligence
which help thousands more.
language being unavailable, this plan is one
service was probably the real culprit. After
For every AmeriCorps participant who got
which it seems will have a devastating impact
all, a number of persons associated with the
education dollars, five students could get
on the most vulnerable of Americans-senior
Indian government had cancelled their res-
Pell Grants. Factor in other. noneducation
ervations on the doomed flight. And why did
costs for one volunteer to participate in
citizens.
the Indian consul-general in Toronto have a
AmeriCorps, and the number of Pell Grants
In a letter I received from the Families USA
near-perfect account of what happened so
that could be funded jumps to 18.
Foundation it spoke about how seniors will
soon after the event?
Some of AmeriCorps' high costs are di-
lose guaranteed health protections that they
Moreover, a similar bombing had occurred
rectly attributable to the way this "volun-
have today. It spoke about how these individ-
at the Madras airport in southern India
teer" program is administered. The non-
uals will lose out-of-pocket health cost protec-
about a year earlier, most probably caused
partisan, independent General Accounting
tions at the same time that pending proposals
by the Third agency, an Indian intelligence
Office estimates that it costs $27,000 per par-
would double Medicare premiums. We're talk-
group created in the early eighties to win
ticipant to run the program, and this figure
support for Indira Gandhi's government by
ing about out-of-pocket health costs which al-
jumps to $33,000 when the dropout rate is
encouraging Sikh extremists in Punjab. One
factored in.
ready consume more than one-fourth of sen-
group at CSIS concluded from the exclu-
AmeriCorps' overhead, including $2 million
iors' incomes.
sively circumstantial evidence available that
in payments to a public relations firm, ac-
What this says to me is that something is
most likely the Third agency ordered the
counts for some of the more than $10,000-per-
drastically wrong-that this is not the path to
bombing. knowing that suspicion would fall
participant cost overruns from the $17,000
pursue.
on Sikhs generally and Canadian ones in par-
originally estimated. More than half the cost
Allow me quote from a letter I received this
ticular. Another CSIS group inferred that
of the program goes to pay for the bureau-
week from a Texas senior:
the planting of a bomb was not authorized in
crats who administer It.
As a Senior Citizen and drawing Social Se-
New Delhi, but originated solely with local
According to the GAO, the price tag to the
curity, which I earned. I would like to input
security agents.
federal government for one AmeriCorps vol-
my viewpoint on Medicare. I am more fortu-
Some Canadians became convinced that
unteer is $15.30 per hour, including salary.
nate than some of my widow friends in the
Talwinder Singh Parmar, head of a tiny ex-
health and child care benefits. This doesn't
amount that I get each month, but with the
tremist Sikh group based in Vancouver, the
include the education stipend. training or
price of living today it is not very much. Out
Babbar Khalsa, was the Air-India murderer.
administrative overhead. When you plug in
of this Social Security deducts $46.00 per
The RCMP. say Kashmeri and McAndrew,
the money cities, states and private sources
month and believe me this covers very little.
eventually decided that Parmar was an
kick in, the cost per hour for one volunteer's
so in order to pay for health care I am forced
agent of the government of India. They
time jumps to $19.60, again minus education
to take a supplemental policy that costs me
query why, among numerous contradictions,
stipend, training and overhead. Originally,
$65.00 per month. If Congress cuts any part of
a major financial backer of Parmar in Van-
this number was supposed to be $6.43 per
this Medicare care it will force all of us to go
couver received a $2 million loan from the
hour.
on the county medical care for the indigent.
State Bank of India (Canada). By early 1989,
While government costs soar way over ini-
Can you imagine what that would do to the
Parmar had disappeared, and Joe Clark fl-
tial projections, private contributions have
whole country if all the people on Medicare
nally ordered several Indian diplomats to
been much lower than expected. Rather than
had to go that way. Most of us have worked
leave. Until then, as detailed carefully in
picking up half the costs, as was promised at
hard all our lives and paid our bills, but what
Soft Target. Clark and his officials had ac-
the outset, private funds make up only 7% of
the government has done is unforgivable
commodated the Indian government repeat-
the cost for each volunteer, the GAO now es-
and NOW they want to put us all on
edly in ways that seemed to have the effect
timates.
WELFARE.
of poisoning the minds of Canadians against
Rather than costly new government bu-
This is typical of what I am hearing. People
Sikhs.
reaucracies, we have a better way to encour-
are frightened. People are scared. And rightly
This controversial book examines some
age charity and foster community spirit. For
important issues and is largely convincing.
decades, we have used the tax code to create
so.
All who want Ottawa to do the correct thing
just such an atmosphere, through deductions
My party is closely identified with Medicare.
for correct reasons in both domestic and for-
for charitable contributions. And we have a
Democrats first conceived of Medicare and led
eign policy should read it.
better way to fund the education of middle
the effort to enact the program into law. We
and lower-income students-by fully funding
have been its champions ever since. This pro-
existing programs such as Pell Grants, to the
gram has been a success, helping to provide
IS AMERICORPS WORTH KEEPING?
extent resources will allow.
health care to millions of Americans who oth-
I admire the 20,000 young men and women
erwise could not afford it. That is not bad as
HON. NEWT GINGRICH
who have joined AmeriCorps, as I admire the
so many today would have us believe. It is
89.2 million Americans who volunteer-with-
out pay-their 19 billion hours worth of time
good. If changes need to be made then our
OF GEORGIA
each year. Trying to encourage volunteerism
goal must be to work together to determine
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
through a big-government approach, how-
what it is we need to do that is positive and
Friday, September 29, 1995
ever, does more to encourage bureaucrats
will continue to protect our Nation's seniors.
Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, I think you will
than community service.
That is what I am wholeheartedly committed to
find Susan Molinari's article on AmeriCorps in-
AmeriCorps participants do worthy work.
doing.
but the real substance of American-style vol-
formative:
unteerism is proven every day by those who
IS AMERICORPS WORTH KEEPING?
are willing to give their time to make oth-
INTRODUCTION OF BILL TO IN-
(By Susan Molinari)
ers' lives better.
CREASE
DEDUCTION
FOR
Volunteerism is a tremendously American
HEALTH INSURANCE COSTS OF
tradition. Few of us, however, would charac-
SELF-EMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS
terize a volunteer as someone who is paid
MEDICARE REFORM
(more than minimum wage) receives medical
HON. SUE W. KELLY
benefits and child care allowances, and gets
HON. E de la GARZA
a $5,000 education stipend.
OF NEW YORK
Welcome to the AmeriCorps world of vol-
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
unteerism.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, September 29. 1995
The Clinton administration's year-old
AmeriCorps program is riddled with prob-
Friday, September 29, 1995
Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to in-
lems, not the least of which is that it's too
Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I would like
troduce legislation that will restore equity and
expensive to administer. That's why the Sen-
to speak today about the subject of Medicare.
fairness in the tax treatment of the nation's
ate followed the House's lead and voted on
It is a topic that has been in the headlines and
small business entrepreneurs. The Self-Em-
Tuesday to completely de-fund AmeriCorps.
on the news every day now for weeks. It is on
ployed Health Fairness Act amends the Inter-
The government simply must stop making fl-
the minds of almost every constituent I see. It
nal Revenue Code of 1986 to increase the de-
nancial commitments it can't keep. espe-
is among the foremost issues we are address-
duction for health insurance costs of self-em-
cially when we have to rob other needed pro-
grams to do so.
ing here in this body, and definitely, I think it
ployed individuals to 100% of such costs.
September 29, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S14609
ask for 6, 7. minutes as in morning
entitlement programs that are out of
I do not think the Secretary or the
business at this point.
control-Medicare, Medicaid. I did not
President should read anything more
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
say cut them, I said reform them. In
into my statement than what I have
objection, it is so ordered.
addition, we must look at commodity
said. It is pretty clear that I am not
price supports and a whole list of pro-
running off in some kind of trepidation
grams that are on automatic pilot.
because we are being told about this
A BALANCED BUDGET
If we do not stop them and change
need to extend the debt limit. For
Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President. I
them, they just spin, some at a 10-per-
those who wonder about that debt
want to talk a little bit about the bal-
cent increase a year, some 12. We had
limit extension, let me suggest-none
anced budget that we have put forth
Medicaid in some States, increasing as
of which I advocate-but there are a
and that we all worked so hard for-at
much as 19 percent a year. I think we
number of ways the Secretary of the
least on this side of the aisle. I am
had as high as a 28-percent increase in
Treasury can pay some bills out there
going to put it into the framework of
one year in Medicaid-28 percent, auto-
after that debt limit is extended, with-
the Secretary of Treasury, Mr. Rubin,
matic. Experts on the Federal budget
out extending it. They know it. The
talking to the American people and us
know if you do not fix those and if your
Secretary knows it.
about that day sometime after October
assumptions are not honest, then you
There are at least four. A couple of
20, perhaps before November 15, in that
have a budget that is smoke and mir-
them have serious political ramifica-
timeframe, when the debt limit that we
rors, and ineffective.
tions. A couple of them they could use.
have imposed upon ourselves expires,
Now, what I am saying to Members
It may be they do not want to do that,
and in order to borrow additional
on the other side and others who will
even when push comess to shove. But
money, Congress has to act to raise
listen is do not jump to the conclusion
we do not want to abandon our bal-
that debt limit. Essentially. that is
that the most serious event is the day
anced budget. And I am repeating, the
being discussed with the American peo-
that we do not extend the debt limit
kind of balanced budget we are talking
ple. I am not sure they all quite under-
when it needs to be extended.
about involves no optimistic economic
stand what that means.
Actually, an equally important day
assumptions, no smoke and mirrors. It
I want to, in a sense, respond as I see
is coming when the President of the
is entitlement reform that is consist-
it to the fear that the Secretary of the
United States has to decide whether he
ent with what is happening to the
Treasury is pushing across this land in
wants to help us get a real-no smoke
budget under current entitlement pro-
terms of that debt limit day.
and mirrors-entitlement reform budg-
grams which, run unabated, have no re-
First of all, Congress has never given
et. Both of them are important events.
lationship to what we can afford, just
up the power to tell the President and
I will not place one above the other
merrily run along, causing the debt to
those who work for him, like the Sec-
because I believe we must do every-
increase at $428 million a day.
retary of Treasury how much they can
thing we can this year-not next year,
I yield the floor and I suggest the ab-
borrow. Occasionally, it seemed kind of
that is an election year; not 2 years
sence of a quorum.
strange to me because Congress passes
from now; right now, this year. We
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
all these laws to spend money, and ev-
have to get a balanced budget, with no
clerk will call the roll.
erybody votes on those, and then when
assumptions that are too optimistic,
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to call the roll.
it comes time to extend the debt, peo-
and one that changes entitlement pro-
Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I ask
ple say, "We will not extend the debt."
grams to reduce their ever dramatic in-
unanimous consent that the order for
But I am beginning to understand that
creases.
the quorum call be rescinded.
power to control the debt limit is very
Now, I cannot put it any better than
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
important, especially in this year and
that. I am not suggesting I am for a de-
objection, it is so ordered.
years like this one.
fault. I am suggesting that is an impor-
The Secretary of the Treasury is say-
tant event. I believe we have to put the
ing to us, "You'd better agree to ex-
other event right up there alongside it.
THE BUDGET AND SPENDING
tend that debt limit because if you do
We have to serve notice on the Sec-
Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, while
not, something very ominous might
retary of the Treasury and the Presi-
we are trying to arrange a vote here on
happen." Then he talks about such
dent that we are not just going to run
this important amendment, I would
things as default and we will not be
out on this balanced budget. We think
just revisit what our distinguished
able to pay interest on some bonds.
we have done a job. We think it is posi-
chairman of the Budget Committee was
First of all, let me make it very clear
tive. We think it is right.
talking about: the budget and spend-
from the standpoint of the Senator
Let me close by saying the reason
ing.
from New Mexico, who put this budget
that this is a big event is because for
Mr. President, the present budget for
resolution together, and look at it
the first time in 31 years, elected offi-
the fiscal year is $1.518 trillion, in
from my vantage point as to the seri-
cials are saying, "We care about the fu-
other words, one trillion five hundred
ousness of that contention on the part
ture. It is not about today only. It is
eighteen billion dollars. The budget
of the Secretary that we had better be
about the future. And we care about
under consideration, of which this
prepared to let that go up.
our children, not ourselves. We care
State, Justice, Commerce appropria-
Now, I see it this way. I think there
about those yet unborn as much as our-
tion is a part thereof, is $1.602 trillion.
are two major events that are coming
selves." If we really believe that, we
So, one trillion six hundred two billion
together in the month of November.
cannot continue to spend at what is
dollars means spending is going up $84
One is described by the Secretary of
currently, believe it or not, $482 mil-
billion.
the Treasury with all of those ominous
lion a day-a day. That is the amount
Which reminds me of my distin-
tones about what will happen; the
we are adding to the debt every day-
guished chairman of the subcommittee,
other is whether we are going to get a
$482 million. That is a lot.
the Senator from Texas, always talk-
balanced budget-no smoke and mir-
Who will pay it? If we are standing
ing about those in the wagon who are
rors-and entitlement reform.
up saying we do not care, well, some-
going to have to get outside the wagon
Frankly, many people are now ex-
body is going to pay it. Do you know
and start pulling it. The funny thing,
perts on this Federal budget. Interest
who is going to? The next generation,
like Pogo, "We have met the enemy,"
rates out there on bonds affect our
with a lost standard of living, because
we have met those in the wagon, "and
standard of living because it affects in-
too much of the income has to come
it is us." We have been spending lit-
terest rates on many things. Those who
back up here and pay for our prof-
erally hundreds of billions more than
look at that know precisely what is a
ligacy.
we are taking in each year. While the
balanced budget and what is not a bal-
That is not right. That is a big event
budget itself increases some $84 billion,
anced budget.
for adult leaders. It is just as big an
interest costs increase $348 billion, or
Mr. President, we know precisely
event as the event that is closing upon
$1 billion a day, as has just been re-
what the big ingredient in a balanced
us on whether we increase the debt
ferred to by the distinguished chair-
budget is. The big one is reforming the
limit, to let us borrow more or not.
man of the Budget Committee.
S14610
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
September 29, 1995
That is what is bothering this Sen-
now." That was before the 1992 election
clear waste all over again at Savannah
ator-the reality of it all. We push and
for President Bush's reelection.
River; going backwards.
pull and tug and talk about those in
Of course, we were up to then $400 bil-
That virus is at the local level, at the
the wagon, out of the wagon, and hard
lion deficits, and the Democrats did
Federal level and throughout the land.
choices and biting bullets. But the
not win the 1992 election so much as
We have to kill it if we are ever going
comeuppance is that we continue to
the Republicans lost that election. I
to-get competitive internationally.
spend way more, and we act like we
campaigned in it. I know it intimately.
If we can pay our bills, develop a
can actually eliminate the deficit by
Once again, we are going through the
competitive trade policy, cut out this
cutting spending. That is absolutely
tortures of big talk about how we are
nonsense about free trade and join the
false. It is going to take taxes.
really going to balance this budget by
real world and get a competitive trade
They do not want to say the word
the year-they put it out where nobody
policy-Cordell Hull said reciprocal
"taxes" around this town except to cut
can get their hands on it-2002; 7 years
trade policy-then we will begin to sur-
them, because a little poll you take,
hence. We used to do it in a year. Then
vive and rebuild this economy and
whether it is a Republican poll or a
we went to 3 years. Then we went to 5
clean up our cities and get rid of the
Democratic poll, says that is political
years. This crowd over here has it for 7
drug and crime problems and come for-
poison. A hot-button item is what they
years. And the President has it for 10
ward like a great America that I came
call it. So what you do is you get out
years. You meet another Congress and
into in my early years.
and you are for the family and you are
they will have it in 15 years and up, up
With this plan, these programs now
against taxes. You are against crime
and away.
have been taken over by the pollsters
and for prisons and on and on, this non-
But they do not want to write that.
and we are going right straight down
sensical charade we are engaged in.
They write in a very reverent, respect-
the tubes. We are talking nonsense.
The truth is, having been in the vine-
ful, studious term-the media does—
The media is going along with it. They
yards here, trying our dead-level best
that the present budget on which we
think it is great progress. It is not
with others. We tried a freeze. Then we
are now torturing would balance in the
great progress-a half a hair cut-be-
tried a freeze and spending cuts. Then
year 2002. That is absolutely false. It
cause we had that great progress last
we tried a freeze, spending cuts and
has no chance of doing it. Simple arith-
year and we had that great progress
loophole closings. Then we tried a
metic-it is not going to take care of
the year before. We had the great
freeze, spending cuts, loophole closings
the interest payments. The interest
progress the year before that. Like
and a value-added tax. And then just
payments are $1 billion a day. There is
Tennessee Ernie Ford, "another day
most recently, we opposed new pro-
no plan here. The cuts? You take the
older and deeper in debt." The debt
grams that we cannot afford-
consummate cuts right across the
continues to go and grow and go and
AmeriCorps.
board, there is not $1 billion a day to
grow. It took us 200 years of our his-
I stated yesterday the AmeriCorps
get on top of the increases.
tory before Ronald Reagan came to
Program took away 346,000 student
Like the famous character in "Alice
town. When he came to town after that
loans in order to fund 20,000 to 25,000
in Wonderland", in order to stay where
200 years and 38 Presidents, Republican
student loans. Actually, it is the Fed-
we are, we have to run as fast as we
and Democrat, we were less than $1
eral Government cost of some $20,000
can. In order to get ahead, we have to
trillion. And $903 billion was the deficit
per student on AmeriCorps, plus $6,000
run even faster.
and debt. We had with President Ford
from private and local government re-
That is the reality. Nobody wants to
an economic summit, and everything
sources, so it is $26,000. I remember
talk about it because the poison in pol-
else of that kind after the OPEC cartel
when I got out of law school, if I could
itics is taxes. I will never forget, back
crisis, and what have you. When Presi-
have gotten paid $26,000 I would have
in 1949, 1950, when Jimmy Byrnes—
dent Reagan came to town, he said,
jumped for joy. I would have jumped
former Senator Byrnes, Secretary of
"First I am going to balance the budg-
for joy.
State, Supreme Court Justice, Gov-
et in a year," and then said, "Oops-
I can tell you now-voluntarism? At
ernor-he had just come in as Gov-
this is way worse than I thought. It is
$26,000 a head, you call it volunteer?
ernor. I had a little committee. I said,
going to take 3 years. We are going to
Let us cut out the charade and get
"This is South Carolina, our little low-
get rid of waste, fraud, and abuse."
down to brass tacks and realize it is
est per-capita income State next to
We had the Grace Commission. I
going to be way, way more than any
Mississippi. We have ground to a halt.
served on the Grace Commission. I got
kind of spending cuts.
We need money. We are going to have
me a picture here earlier this year, but
The idea of a broad-based consump-
to put in a sales tax."
Peter Grace and I started implement-
tion tax I proposed over 10 years ago,
We could not even get the senators to
ing his savings. We had to report annu-
almost 15 years ago. Now they are
meet with us. We just had House mem-
ally. By 1989 we had implemented some
copying the idea to replace-I have
bers. I chaired that House group. We
85 percent of the Grace program. But
been through about seven tax reforms
sold the idea to Governor Byrnes, and
then we stopped, and we quit reporting.
in my 28, almost 29 years. The need is
he put it over. Mind you me, we never
But the truth is the Budget Commit-
not to replace; the need is to replenish.
could have done it without the Gov-
tees have come along. Republicans and
What we need is more money, not dif-
ernor's leadership. But we put in a
Democrats have voted for taxes in the
ferent money. So the flat tax is now a
sales tax at that particular time for
Budget Committee. We got eight votes
wave-a hot-button item, again in the
public education, so that then, when
for a value-added tax because back 5
poll, where we are just going to do it
we went out and solicited industrial de-
years ago, we could see the coming de-
one way and replace the income and re-
velopment in South Carolina, we could
fault and the debt growing up, up, and
place the corporate and replace every-
talk not only of good schools, but fis-
away.
thing, every other kind of tax. The
cally-responsible government.
So now after Reaganomics, voodoo,
truth of the matter is, rather than cut-
We did not balance that budget in
riverboat gamble, now we have voodoo
ting taxes, we need to increase the
South Carolina until I finally came in,
all over again. We are talking about it
taxes. And the bill to increase the
in 1958. I again raised taxes over the
again by the very author of voodoo, the
taxes is presently, and has been, in the
objections. What we did was we got the
chairman of the Finance Committee.
Finance Committee for the past 4 or 5
first triple A credit rating from Texas
That started off as-what is that foot-
years. I have introduced it right regu-
all the way up to Maryland. So, as a
ball player's name? Kemp. Yes. That is
larly. They quit having hearings on it.
young Governor, I had, as a calling
right. Kemp-Roth. I remember when
I will never forget the one hearing we
card, a triple A credit rating, which
the distinguished majority leader said
had 5 years ago with Senator Bentsen
South Carolina has now lost, again
we are not going that direction. He
as chairman. As I was leaving the Fi-
with this item of growth-growth. And
said, "You cannot go that way. We
nance Committee room, a couple of the
we are going to have a property tax cut
have got to start paying the bills." But
Finance Committee members said, "If
and we are not going to pay the bills
the Presidential political pressures
we had a secret ballot we would pass
and we are going to put the nuclear fa-
that come from GINGRICH to go to
that thing out unanimously. We need it
cility up for sale and start storing nu-
GRAMM to come to DOLE have got us all
September 29, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S14611
talking nonsense here on the floor of
ernment itself, take the departments
an unprecedented assault on the rights
the U.S. Congress. We are talking
and domestic discretionary spending, it
of our most impoverished citizens. It
again in the Finance Committee of
is right at $273 billion. We could double
would eliminate the Legal Services
devastating health care. Last year,
that budget, if we were not wasting it
Corporation, which Congress estab-
they were saying, "Oh. What is the
on the interest cost on the national
lished more than 20 years ago with the
matter? We have the best health care
debt.
active support of President Richard
on the planet." Last year, we had a
That interest is what I call "taxes."
Nixon.
survey by the very group they quote
This crowd that says. they are not
And though it would authorize the
this year that said Medicare was going
against taxes is really for taxes. There
Attorney General to make civil legal
broke by the year 2001. This year they
are two things in life: Death, and taxes.
assistance block grants to the States
are saying it is going broke by the year
You cannot avoid them. There is a
through the Office of Justice Pro-
2002. Now they say what they are try-
third thing. It is the interest cost on
grams, it would not earmark one penny
ing to do is save it.
the national debt. It cannot be avoided.
of funds for this program and it would
Well, they come in with a contract
So what we are doing talking about
impose unprecedented and excessive re-
that increases the deficit and Medicare
no, we are not going to increase taxes,
strictions on the ability of legal serv-
some $25 billion because, yes, without
is, yes, we are going to cut taxes. The
ices programs to represent poor people.
that contract crowd, we voted to in-
truth of the matter is we are going to
There are compelling reasons why
crease taxes on Social Security, liquor,
cut taxes in order to increase the taxes
the legal services program should be
cigarettes, gasoline, and everything
more so the debt can go up so the in-
administered by an independent Fed-
else and cut spending $500 billion which
terest costs or the taxes on that debt
eral corporation. First, and foremost,
has the stock market and the economy,
go up. You pay it, not avoid it, and you
litigation to protect the legal rights of
they say, going up and away. But the
do not get anything more.
poor people often antagonizes powerful
truth is that of that $25 billion that we
But we are in the wagon. All of us are
interests in the community. President
got from the increase in Social Secu-
in the wagon, and the children and the
Nixon recognized this when he intro-
rity taxes, we allocated it to Medicare
grandchildren, are hopefully going to
duced what later became the Legal
and they said, "Abolish that." No. We
pull it. I hope the country just does not
Services Corporation Act. He said,
do not believe in that. They are play-
come down in fiscal chaos. But what-
ever it is, we are in the wagon, and we
The program is concerned with social is-
ing the game, the pollster proposition
sues and is thus subject to unusually strong
of Social Security and saying that we
are raising taxes every day $1 billion.
political pressures
if we are to preserve
are trying to frighten the American
We have a tax increase on automatic
the strength of the program we must make it
people.
pilot in this Government of $1 billion a
immune to political pressures and make it a
The debt now has gone not just to $1
day. We are talking about cutting
permanent part of our system of justice.
trillion as it did in 1981, but to $2 tril-
taxes. That is how ludicrous, ridicu-
Many of my colleagues will recall
lion, to $3 trillion, to $4 trillion. It is
lous, and outrageous this whole rhet-
that Federal support for civil legal
right now at $4.9 trillion, and it is
oric has gotten in the treatment by the
services for the poor was first provided
going up $5 trillion and on and away,
media itself. They do not want to re-
by the Office of Economic Opportunity
because of what? We are in the wagon.
port the truth. They do not want to re-
[OEO] and later by the Community
The kids, the children, the grand-
port the facts. They go along with the
Services Administration, each of which
children are the ones pulling the
political charade.
was part of the executive branch. But
wagon. We are acting like the tax-
I yield the floor.
in the early 1970's, the Federal program
payers are the ones pulling the wagon.
Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair.
Well, they can hardly move the wagon.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
became the subject of heated political
debate.
The wagon is drifting back. It is not
SHELBY). The Senator from Massachu-
being pulled. It is gradually going
setts.
During this period, President Nixon's
Commission on Executive Reorganiza-
backward into debt, and we are on
tion concluded that the legal services
board.
For the last 15 years, the Senator
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, JUS-
program should not be maintained in
TICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICI-
the executive branch and that a new
from New Mexico and I have been
ARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES
structure should be created to admin-
working in the Budget Committee, and
it has gotten worse and worse. The
APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 1996
ister the program.
rhetoric has gotten better. We really
The Senate continued with the con-
Congress responded to that rec-
have them fooled-everybody out in
sideration of the bill.
ommendation with passage of the
the land, particularly in this editorial
AMENDMENT NO. 2819
Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974.
column crowd saying we are making
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I rise
In its Statement of Findings and Dec-
progress, that we are going to balance
in support of the amendment offered by
laration of Purpose, Congress found
the budget.
the Senator from New Mexico to re-
that "to preserve its strength, the
We are not even near it. We are doing
store funds for the Legal Services Cor-
legal services program must be kept
some cutting. We are devastating pro-
free from the influence of or use by it
poration.
grams. But we are not balancing any
The words inscribed on the wall of
of political pressures"; and "attorneys
budget because we will not do all of the
the Supreme Court building capture
providing legal assistance must have
above, and all of the above includes
the idea at the very heart of our con-
full freedom to protect the best inter-
taxes. And we need that tax increase
stitutional democracy: "Equal Justice
ests of their clients in keeping with
allocated to the deficit, and the debt.
Under Law."
[professional responsibility] and
Let us get on top of this fiscal can-
The Constitution guarantees to every
the high standards of the legal profes-
cer, excise it once and for all, and then
man and woman in this country the
sion."
start spending the amount of money
same rights and privileges before the
An independent Federal corporation
that we need on Government itself
law. Indeed, we require Federal judges
remains the best way today to assure
rather than on past profligacy and
to take an oath to render justice equal-
that powerful constituencies do not
waste. If you had a $74.8 billion interest
ly to the poor and to the rich.
pressure legal services lawyers not to
cost in 1980 and in 1996 in the Presi-
But our courts are largely powerless
protect their clients' legal rights. A
dent's budget, it is $346 billion, that
to render justice to persons who are
block grant program simply cannot in-
means the interest cost alone has gone
too poor to afford a lawyer to assist
sulate these lawyers from political
up to $273 billion. That is exactly the
them in protecting their legal rights.
pressure.
level of domestic discretionary spend-
And a constitutional right without a
Nothing in the bill requires States to
ing. You take Congress, the courts, the
remedy is no constitutional right at
apply for block grant funds. Nothing in
Presidency, you take the Department
all.
the bill prohibits States from denying
of Commerce, Agriculture, Interior,
The bill reported by the Senate Ap-
block grant funds to programs that
Treasury-go right on across the Gov-
propriations Committee would unleash
challenge unlawful State actions.
STATEMENT MADE DURING CONSIDERATION OF COMMERCE/STATE/JUSTICE
APPROPRIATIONS BILL
S14498
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
September 28, 1995
wrote the Congressional Budget Office.
Committee they were $80 billion shy
I remember when we used to balance
I said that my friends on the other side
last week.
the budget year to year. In fact. Presi-
of the aisle continued to talk in terms
Someone said, no, they got up, meet-
dent Reagan said, "I'm going to bal-
of a balanced budget by the year 2002.
ing last night, to about $15 billion, and
ance that budget in a year." He got
I ask unanimous consent that I may
they are still trying to find it. But if
into Washington and said, "Whoops,
include the letter in the RECORD dated
they go through with the contract and
this is going to take me 3 years. I did
September 25 from the Congressional
do away with the Social Security tax
not realize it was so bad."
Budget Office, June E. O'Neill.
increase, they will have to find another
Here was a gentleman who was going
There being no objection, the letter
$25 billion. They are shy there.
to do it in a year. Then we got to 3
was ordered to be printed in the
I can go to welfare reform. We passed
years. Then under Gramm-Rudman-
RECORD, as follows:
welfare reform. It was a $63 billion sav-
Hollings we got to 5 years. Now, this
U.S. CONGRESS,
ings. The budget that they say is going
crowd comes with 7 years. And I can
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.
to be balanced called for a $113 billion
tell you within the next election we
Washington, DC, September 25, 1995.
savings. That is $50 billion shy there.
will come and have-excuse me, Presi-
Hon. ERNEST F. HOLLINGS,
The agricultural and everything crowd
dent Clinton has already gotten to 10
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
said, no, we had not met our figure. It
years. Now he has come back to 9.
DEAR SENATOR: This is in response to your
is smoke and mirrors.
We are going up, up, and away; 15
letter of September 20 concerning CBO's
So what you see now is the moment
years. Say anything except to do the
scoring of the budget resolution for fiscal
of truth. And I only mention this to get
year 1996 adopted by the Congress. Because a
job and tell the American people that
that moment of truth out. We ought to
budget resolution represents a general plan
we have to deny programs and we have
level with each other. You cannot get
for future Congressional action rather than
to raise taxes. We have to cut spending.
specific legislative proposals, CBO cannot
on top of this cancer of interest costs
We have to freeze spending. We have to
provide estimates for a budget resolution in
on the national debt unless you do all
close loopholes. We have to do all of
the same sense that it estimates appropria-
of the above. All of the above includes
the above to save $1 billion a day. This
tion bills or bills that provide changes in di-
spending cuts, spending freezes, loop-
particular budget that we have that we
rect spending or revenues. CBO has compared
hole closings, tax increases, and deny-
are working on at this particular time
the spending, revenues, and deficits proposed
ing new programs.
by the budget resolution with those pro-
We just voted earlier this week-I
does not come near to saving $1 billion
jected by CBO in Chapter Three of its August
hated to vote against the distinguished
a day to get us really rid of any kind of
1995 report, The Economic and Budget Out-
Senator from Maryland, Senator MI-
deficit at any time during that 7-year
look: An Update. A copy of that report has
KULSKI, and her AmeriCorps Program-
period.
been enclosed.
Now, Mr. President, the distin-
If you wish further details about this com-
but I can tell you now that that pro-
parison, we will be pleased to provide them.
gram was going to cost billions and bil-
guished chairman of the subcommittee
The staff contact is Jim Horney.
lions. 1 did not think we ought to start
talks about philosophy-and I must
new programs that we could not afford
touch on that and then we can go to
Sincerely,
JAMES L. BLUM
and specifically not start an
these amendments-the philosophy
(For June E. O'Neill).
AmeriCorps Program for education
here that they are trying to justify
whereby in order to get 25,000 scholar-
these programs to get things back to
Mr. HOLLINGS. The Republican
ships we had to do away with 346,000
where they can do it as they please.
budget, the Kasich budget, the Ging-
rich budget, or whatever budget you
student loans.
They said, if they really want to buy
That is what we did. We took the
equipment, then they can do that. If
want to call it that they are talking
about balancing, has never been scored.
money from the student loans and put
they want to put policemen on the
it into a new program and talked about
beat, then they can do that. It is the
The distinguished chairman of the
Budget Committee is here and we
voluntarism. I happen to have been
old adage that the best government is
worked together when he was ranking
down there the Sunday after Hugo hit
that closest to the American people,
member and I was chairman. I can tell
us in our own backyard in South Caro-
the Jeffersonian philosophy. And I gen-
lina. There was the mayor and me and
erally adhere to that except through
you here and now, after we passed that
we had 1,500 to 2,000 volunteers that
hard experience.
budget in May, we sent over the as-
were working in the rain. We asked for
Within the field of law and law en-
sumptions so that the Congressional
a show of hands and we had them from
forcement, we have had our experience.
Budget Office could score it. Those
scores have never been sent over. From
38 States. People volunteer.
We had what you call the legal assist-
time to time they have asked ques-
When little Mr. Segal called me
ance enforcement program, LEAA, and
about this particular program and said
that particular program gave block
tions: If we do this, we save that; if we
we already have 2,000 out there work-
grants back to the States and commu-
do this, we save that.
ing in the flood year before last, I said,
nities. And when we looked around, we
But we do not have a CBO-scored fig-
"Young man, you have 2 million out
had-please, my gracious-down in
ure for President Clinton's budget and
there working without this program.
Hampton, VA, they bought a tank and
we do not have a CBO figure for the Re-
You do not need a program at the Fed-
put it on the courthouse lawn and
publican budget.
eral Government level to start volunta-
thought the courthouse was going to be
Watching all of this as it occurs, at
rism.'
attacked. The sheriff down in Alabama,
this particular time, I can guarantee
So the pressures brought on this par-
he bought a tank because he was going
you that it will not be balanced in the
ticular budget are really politically
to have crowd control. The Governor in
year 2002. And anybody who wants to
manufactured where we are not going
Indiana, he bought an airplane so they
bet me, pick out the odds and the
to balance anybody's budget. We are
could fly to New York and buy clothes.
amount. I will jump off the Capitol
just going to get rid of the Govern-
And they had all kinds of embarrass-
dome if this budget is balanced by the
ment. That has been the cry of the con-
ments where the money never got
year 2002. I can tell you that here and
tract-that the Government is not the
through to the policemen on the beat.
now.
solution, the Government is the prob-
Now, there is no education in the sec-
What happens is exactly what hap-
lem. the Government is the enemy.
ond kick of a mule. We learned from
pened, as the distinguished Presiding
So what you have here is a $283 bil-
hard experience. So we came around
Officer and I viewed it this morning in
lion estimated deficit for 1995. That is
with community policing and police-
the Committee of Commerce. We were
the accurate figure as between what we
men on the beat and said, in order to
allocated $15 billion. What did we do?
will take in and what we will spend. So
qualify, you have to come with a
We took $8.3 billion that we have al-
let us not get high and mighty and
match of 25 percent. And it is working
ready allocated in the telecom bill. So
start criticizing about how I got a bal-
extremely well.
we double-counted that already. Talk
anced budget 7 years from now when
Now they come with the philosophy
about smoke and mirrors. We are not
people will be lucky to be around 7
of getting the grants back, which re-
going to have smoke and mirrors. I un-
years from now and they will know
minds me-and I have. of course, a
derstand. of course. that in the Finance
good and well they will come again.
memory that is resented many, many
September 28, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S14499
times. But I am referring to the stimu-
well as our educational programs be-
armament Agency [ACDA]. More than
lus bill where when President Clinton
hind the wall.
three decades ago, President KENNEDY
came to town, we were going to stimu-
We agree on many, many things. But
and the Congress decided to create by
late the economy. And the distin-
generally speaking. we did not have a
statute the Arms Control and Disar-
guished chairman of my subcommittee,
chance to debate these things. Unfortu-
mament Agency-which was then and
now who believes in block grants, said,
nately, we had not conformed the ap-
remains now the only separate agency
heavens above, "We are going to use it
propriations to the basic statutes,
of its type in the world. If the Congress
for cemeteries, for whitewater canoe-
whatever. We have just run willy-nilly
eviscerates ACDA and perversely re-
ing, for fisheries, atlases, for studies of
through the programs trying to abolish
wards its employees by discharging
the sickle fin chub," and all these dif-
departments and the working programs
them, we will do grievous damage to
ferent other programs back at the local
that have done so much for our society.
our ability to lead the world in effec-
level. And the Senator slaughtered
I yield the floor.
tive arms control, to verify compliance
President Clinton's stimulus program-
Mr. PELL addressed the Chair.
of often hostile nations with their arms
just killed it dead in its tracks here on
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
the floor of the U.S. Senate.
ator from Rhode Island.
control obligations to us, and to deal
Mr. PELL. I thank the Chair.
effectively with new arms control and
Now we come with the philosophy:
Mr. President, the Senate is consider-
proliferation threats.
Whoopee, let us get the money back to
ing the appropriations bill for the Com-
As I said moments ago, it would be
the Government; we are not smart
merce, Justice and State Departments.
tempting to continue at length about
enough to do anything here in Wash-
It would be tempting to address this
the impact of this and other bills on
ington; only the people back home are
bill in the same fashion as I have other
programs such as arms control, the
smart enough. So here we go again.
measures during this session which
United Nations and U.N. peacekeeping.
Here we go again, changing the forma-
have contained drastic-indeed, draco-
Today, however, I want to discuss this
tive law and making it into block
nian-spending cuts. The natural incli-
bill in broader and more far-reaching
grants. Taking working programs like
nation is to talk about how the cuts
terms. Whether or not the Senate cares
policemen on the beat and the Legal
will affect specific programs or poli-
to admit it, our decisions and actions
Services Corporation. Abolishing these
cies, many of which are vital to the se-
this year are going to have a direct and
laws in that sense and providing mon-
curity of our Nation or the well-being
negative impact on America's place in
ies for a program that has already been
of our people.
the world, and on our fundamental re-
derided in the most expert fashion by
In this context, I would be led to talk
lationships with other world powers.
my distinguished chairman.
about how the CJS appropriations bill,
I can tell you now that we could not
I am very proud of the U.S. record of
as reported by the committee, lops off
possibly go along with the block
leadership, achievement, and engage-
more than $1 billion-I repeat, more
ment in international relations. Twice
grants. I think the President said he is
than $1 billion-from the President's
in the 20th century, our Nation stood
going to veto that particular approach.
request for the foreign affairs agencies.
with its allies to fight on a global scale
Maybe we can reconcile it. I hope some
There will be dramatic reductions in
of the defects of this particular bill can
against aggression. During the cold
spending for the administration of for-
war, the United States took the lead to
be cared for in Senator HATFIELD'S and
eign affairs, for the acquisition and
contain the hegemonistic designs of
my amendment. We worked until 1 in
maintenance of buildings. for the U.S.
the former Soviet Union. In the early
the morning on this particular amend-
assessed contributions to the United
1990's. the United States led an inter-
ment. I think it will meet generally
Nations, for U.S. contributions to U.N.
national coalition of forces in turning
with the approval of the colleagues.
peacekeeping, and for international ex-
And a reallocation here, I am grate-
back Iraq's illegal grab of Kuwait.
change programs.
ful for that help. Of course, there are
Equally as important, however, are
I understand that the chairman of
fundamentals still involved. And I will
the Appropriations Committee may
the battles we did not fight-the con-
say it right to the point. We will be de-
flicts that we avoided, the crises that
offer an amendment which may add ad-
bating these things, as the distin-
ditional funds to the foreign affairs ac-
we averted through diplomatic discus-
guished chairman says. What we have
count-which I applaud and will sup-
sion and pressure. Even if we made
done is really savaged Commerce and
port. I must speak now, however, to the
mistakes from time to time, we were
its programs, the State Department,
successful in all of these endeavors be-
bill as reported by the committee.
and, more or less, force-fed a goose in
Many of my colleagues know that
cause of our belief in principles, our
Justice. When I say "force-fed a goose
these are programs and functions that
commitment to do what we thought
in Justice," I look at the particular
are extremely important to me. When I
right and our willingness to be actively
figures.
recently announced my intention not
engaged. Our decisions, policies, and
I can see that it took us from 1789 to
to seek reelection to the Senate, some
programs were often costly in both
1983 or 1984 to get to a $3 billion Justice
of my fellow Senators graciously came
human and material terms, but they
Department budget. But it has only
to the floor to say some very kind
made our world a safer place, and our
taken us the last 15 years to quadruple,
things about me. For that I am deeply
Nation a better and more profitable
quintuple-excuse me-and go up, up
grateful, and indeed humbled. One
place to live.
and away to $16.95 billion in this par-
thing that struck me that day was how
Our motivation sadly seems to have
ticular 1996 appropriation. I know we
many of my colleagues mentioned my
changed. Decisions are being made out
have had various crime bills. I know we
support for the United Nations, and the
of political expediency rather than
have had the problems and everything
fact that I have carried a copy of the
sound judgment. Our impulse as politi-
else of that kind. But I can tell you
charter with me for many years.
cians-particularly this year-is to
now that we have, with all the budg-
I have not carried it with me all of
rush willy-nilly to make budget cuts
etary constrictions, to get a little bit
this time just for show and tell. I carry
for their own sake, without regard to
better balance in this particular meas-
it because I believe in it, and I think
the consequences. Instead of using rea-
ure.
that it has represented-and continues
son and analysis to construct a foreign
And in some of these, I am definitely
to represent-one of our best hopes for
policy, we are using calculators.
of a mind where the Senator from
international peace and security. If we
We must stop, think, and take a good
Texas and I agree that you should not
proceed with the reductions in funding
hard look at how the United States can
abuse the use of legal services money
for the U.S. contributions to the regu-
expect to project its power and influ-
to sue the State and Governor and Leg-
lar and peacekeeping budgets, however,
ence under the circumstances now pro-
islature of New Jersey over welfare re-
the charter will become nothing more
posed. The State Department and the
form. We agreed that we could work
than pretty words. There will be no
foreign affairs agencies-our Nation's
the prisoners. I have worked prisoners
point, and no joy, in carrying it in my
eyes, ears, and voice to the world-can-
as a Governor. I put in a laundry pro-
pocket.
not carry out its mission if they
gram. I put in a furniture repair pro-
I have also been a consistent advo-
haven't the personnel, resources, and
gram. I even had a Jaycee chapter as
cate of the U.S. Arms Control and Dis-
infrastructure required by the times.
September 12, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S13329
Mr. SANTORUM. I would be happy to
And I suggested reinventing it by
person who wants to make sure that
yield 5 minutes to the Senator from
doing these things. And I will just read
the taxpayers' dollars are used well.
Iowa.
from the letter six headlines of longer
whether it is in AmeriCorps or whether
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, be-
paragraphs that I have explaining ex-
it is in a defense program.
cause I do not want to speak on the
actly what I mean.
Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair.
amendment, I ask unanimous consent
No. 1, limit the enormous overhead in
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
to use my 5 minutes to speak as in
the Americorps program.
ASHCROFT). Who yields time to the
morning business.
No. 2, ensure that the private sector
Senator from Oklahoma?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
contributes at least 50 percent to the
Mr. SANTORUM. I yield 7 minutes to
objection?
cost of AmeriCorps. This was an impor-
the Senator from Oklahoma.
Without objection, it is so ordered.
tant point that the President was mak-
Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, first I
ing when the program started, that at
would like to compliment my colleague
REINVENTING AMERICORPS
least $1 or 50 percent of the total cost,
and friend from Iowa for his work on
would come from the private sector; $1
AmeriCorps. I hope that the American
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I had
of taxpayers' money leverages a dollar
people realize, according to the Gen-
an opportunity to read in the New
of private sector investment. I doubt if
eral Accounting Office, that the cost
York Times this morning that the
we would find fault with the program if
per beneficiary is $27,000. The Senator
President has been making speeches
it were to do that. Then I also sug-
from Iowa has been very diligent in
around the country and particularly in
gested limiting rising program costs by
trying to awaken America to this enor-
response to action yesterday by one of
not awarding AmeriCorps grants to
mously expensive program. It is a new
our subcommittees of appropriations,
Federal agencies. They say that they
program. I understand it is one of
because yesterday the National Service
get match on this-if EPA has a pro-
President Clinton's favorite programs,
Corps was zeroed out by the sub-
gram with an AmeriCorps worker, that
but it is enormously expensive-enor-
committee. And the statement that I
whatever the EPA puts in is part of the
mously expensive.
do not like is referenced to the fact
match. Well, that is the taxpayers'
So I compliment my colleague from
that we are just playing politics when
match; that is not a private sector
Iowa for bringing it to the attention of
a program like this is zeroed out. I
match.
this country, and, hopefully, we can
hope I can stand before this body as a
I said funds must be targeted to as-
stop wasting taxpayers' money and
person who has criticized the National
sist young people in paying for college
maybe do a better job either through
Service Corps or AmeriCorps with
because some of the money is going to
the student loan program or PELL
credibility and say that I can be watch-
volunteers who will either drop out or
grants and help lots of people go to
ful of how the taxpayers' dollars are
not use the money to go to college.
school and obtain a college education
spent without being accused of playing
Then I said to increase the bang for
instead of a few select receiving bene-
politics. Most of my colleagues would
education bucks by making sure that
fits in the $20,000-to-$30,000 category.
remember that during the Reagan and
the money is used for those who are
Bush years when we controlled the
going to go to higher education.
White House and even controlled this
Finally, I suggested that if the Presi-
FAMILY SELF-SUFFICIENCY ACT
body during part of that period of time
dent wants to reinvent the program. to
The Senate continued with the con-
I was not afraid to find fault with my
tell us where in the VA budget, VA-
sideration of the bill.
own Presidents-Republican Presi-
HUD appropriations bill the money
AMENDMENT NO. 2488
dents-when this was a waste of tax-
ought to come from because there is a
Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I rise
payers' dollars when it comes to ex-
lot of other money used. As Senator
in opposition to the amendment of my
penditures for defense.
BOND said yesterday. the money was
friend and colleague from Louisiana,
I think I have a consistent record of
taken from AmeriCorps and put in the
Senator BREAUX. I think if we adopt
pointing out boondoggles, whether it
community development block grant
the so-called Breaux amendment, we
be in defense or anything else. And I
program.
are preserving welfare as we know it.
have raised the same concerns about
I am suggesting to the President that
President Clinton said we want to end
AmeriCorps based upon the General
he needs to take into consideration-
welfare as we know it, and I happen to
Accounting Office saying that each po-
could I have 1 more minute, please?
agree with that line. But if we main-
sition costs $26,650 and that that is
Mr. SANTORUM. One additional
tain or if we adopt this maintenance of
about twice what the administration
minute.
effort, as Senator BREAUX has pro-
said that these would cost. And the
Mr. GRASSLEY. I suggested to the
posed-he has two amendments, one at
poor AmeriCorps worker getting $13,000
President that he, according to this
100 percent and one at 90 percent-if we
out of that $26,000 for their remunera-
chart, consider the fact that he has
adopt either of those amendments, we
tion so that much of the money is
20,000 volunteers of AmeriCorps: and we
are basically telling the States: "We
going to administrative overhead and
have got 3.9 million Americans who
don't care if you make significant wel-
bureaucratic waste. And I do not see,
volunteer. These are young people, vol-
fare reductions, you have to keep
when we are trying to balance a budg-
unteers who do not worry about get-
spending the money anyway."
et, that we can justify a program that
ting paid anything for volunteerism.
So, there is no incentive to have any
is going to have about 50 percent of its
A second thing that the President
reduction of welfare rolls; certainly, if
costs not going to the people that are
should consider is that for one
you had the 100-percent maintenance of
supposed to benefit from that program.
AmeriCorps worker we can finance 18
efforts. "States, no matter what you
And so I have pointed out to the Presi-
low-income people to go to college with
do, if you have significant reductions,
dent the General Accounting Office
a PELL grant. Those are some alter-
you spend the money anyway." That is
statement. I wrote a letter to the
natives that the President ought to
kind of like "in your face, big Govern-
President on August 29 of this year,
think about as he has a news con-
ment, we know best: Washington, DC is
more or less saying reinvent the pro-
ference today to expose what he says is
going to micromanage these programs
gram or it is going to be eliminated.
playing politics with his program.
anyway. Oh, yeah, we'll give money to
I have not heard a response from my
When I make a suggestion to the
a block grant, but if you have real suc-
letter to the President yet. I hope he
President that he reinvent the program
cess, you have to spend the money."
will respond. But I have suggested that
according to his own definition of how
I think that is so counter to what we
he needs to keep the costs of the pro-
that program should be financed and
are trying to do that I just hope that
gram within what he said it would cost
operated, I mean reinvent it. Just do
our colleagues will not concur with
a couple years ago when it was in-
what the President of the United
this amendment. This is a very impor-
vented, and that most of the benefits of
States said the program was going to
tant amendment.
it should go to the people that are
cost and who it was going to benefit or
I just look at the State of Wisconsin.
doing the work, not to administrative
it will be lost. I speak as a person who
Currently. they are saving $16 million a
overhead.
wants no playing of politics, but as a
month in State and Federal spending.
October 19, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S15333
is in a better position to make a fami-
ten to some Senators say that we have
Mr. KYL addressed the Chair.
ly's spending decisions and set their fi-
to increase taxes more.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
nancial priorities-Washington, or the
In fact. families with children are
ator from Arizona.
family itself?
now the lowest income group in Amer-
Clearly, that responsibility belongs
ica-below elderly households, below
with the family.
single persons, below couples without
BUDGET FANTASY VERSUS
We have the opportunity to take that
children.
REALITY
first step in the next few weeks, by
In 1950, the average American family
Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I would like
passing a $245 billion tax cut which in-
sent $1 out of every $50 it earned to
to continue discussing the same sub-
cludes the $500 per child tax credit I au-
Washington-today, the average family
ject that the Senator from Wyoming
thored and have fought for over the
sends $1 out of every $4 to feed the Fed-
and the Senator from Minnesota have
last 3 years.
eral Government.
been discussing, and to do so by. first
I welcome President Clinton's sup-
The marriage penalty targets fami-
of all, focusing on some of the myths
port for tax relief, and urge him to join
lies by taxing them at a higher rate
that have been created by the Presi-
our efforts. By letting taxpayers keep
than it does single filers.
dent and by some of his supporters here
what is rightfully theirs. we send a
And if the dependent exemption had
in the Senate. I am talking about the
strong message that our efforts to bal-
kept up with inflation, it would be
difference between the budget fantasy
ance the budget will always make tax-
more than $8,000 today instead of just
and the reality that faces us here
payers the first priority-not the last.
over $2,000.
today. It is almost an "Alice in Won-
The second area we must address
The message we're sending through
derland" exercise where words take on
when discussing reform of the Tax Code
our tax policy is that families are just
meanings that are only in the eye of
is simplification-and simplification
not as important today as they were in
the beholder and have no relationship
must be at the heart of any plan Con-
1950.
to actual reality.
gress considers.
That message must change.
There is nothing simple about our
We have the opportunity and respon-
Frankly. they are the last desperate
sibility in this Congress to repair the
attempts by proponents of big Govern-
tax system anymore.
The IRS manages a library of 437 sep-
fractured relationship between the
ment to cling to the status quo, which
Government and its owners-the tax-
means more spending. higher taxes,
arate tax forms and mails out 8 billion
and greater regulation. That is really
pages of tax instructions every year.
payers.
It is time we started to talk seriously
what this exercise in opposition to a
The distinguished House majority
leader, Representative ARMEY of Texas,
about cutting taxes, simplifying the
balanced budget and tax cuts is all
about.
system. and making it more equitable.
points out that American workers and
A recent Forbes magazine cover
Many of the Democrats cannot be-
businesses spent 5.4 billion hours in
story called tax reform a "broad politi-
lieve, let alone accept, that the Amer-
1990 just preparing their taxes-more
cal movement, gaining in popularity
ican people overwhelmingly rejected
time than it takes to build every car,
the way a hurricane gathers force as it
their approach to governing in that
truck and van manufactured in the
heads for land."
way in last fall's election. Rather than
United States each year.
The questions we should be asking
attempting to fulfill the mandate
This Congress has made shrinkage
ourselves are not will we ever break
which the American people gave us,
and simplification its primary goals,
form the past and will we ever have a
they are now cynically pandering to
and there is nothing that needs it more
Tax Code that treats all Americans eq-
the mandates while doing everything
than our current tax system.
uitably, but rather when.
they can to undermine it.
Today's Tax Code may be good busi-
Mr. President, the answer to that
In this topsy-turvy "Alice in Wonder-
ness for tax lawyers and accountants,
question is now, and the Senate Fi-
land" change, the meaning-of-words
but it is not good policy for the aver-
nance Committee has taken an enor-
situation they have created, spending
age American taxpayer.
mous step toward reaching that goal
cuts are increases; spending increases
Tax reform must include tax sim-
with its $245 billion tax cut package.
are cuts. For example, claiming that a
plification.
By cutting taxes for families and job-
Medicare spending increase of $2,000 per
The final consideration in building a
providers, simplifying the way those
person over the next 7 years is actually
better Tax Code is making it fairer and
taxes are collected, and ensuring a
a cut when, in fact, it is a $2,000 in-
more equitable for the taxpayers. Far
process that's fair, reforming the tax
crease.
too often, the current system is not.
system will go a long way toward mak-
Tax cuts, they say, are spending in-
The Government continually manip-
ing government more accountable to
creases. Tax relief for families become
ulates the Tax Code-not just to fund
the people.
tax cuts for the rich. A volunteer in
Government objectives, but to
Washington needs to be reminded
AmeriCorps is actually paid by the tax-
micromanage the economy and the ac-
that the money it collects is not theirs
payers $20,000, $30,000, or $40,000 a year.
tivities of the taxpayers.
by right-it is collected for use at the
Tax payments, the President says, are
If the Government wants to encour-
will of the taxpayers. And Congress
contributions. Preserving Medicare is
age a particular behavior, it offérs a
needs to be reminded daily that it rep-
slashing Medicare. And, of course,
tax benefit.
resents the taxpayers.
bankrupting Medicare is saving it.
If it wants to discourage a particular
The success of our efforts to reform
President Clinton is even now so bold
behavior, it sets a tax penalty.
the tax system won't be measured sole-
as to blame Republicans, not a single
The social engineers have had a field
ly by how much of their own dollars
one of whom supported his budget in
day with the Tax Code. Fairness seems
Congress allows families and job pro-
1993, for forcing him to raise taxes. It is
to have been left by the wayside, and
viders to keep. It will also be measured
like "the old devil made me do it" skit
families are paying the price.
by how equitable the system is, and
that we used to see on TV. He says he
Look how they have been manipu-
how the taxpayers fare under it.
wishes he had not increased the taxes.
lated through the tax system.
If we can successfully accomplish all
I, too, wish he had not increased taxes.
Families, who in 1947 paid just 22 per-
of that, then we will have heard the
But at least our attempt to reduce
cent of their personal income in the
message of last November and deliv-
taxes by $245 billion is a beginning, a
form of taxes, today send nearly 50
ered on the solemn promises we made
partial rollback of this tax increase
cents of every dollar they earn to Fed-
to the American people.
which he now wishes he had not im-
eral, State, or local government.
Mr. President, it is time that we get
posed upon the American people.
As someone who ran for Congress be-
behind this effort. It is time that we
Here are some examples of increases
cause of high taxes and what they are
balance the budget and stop passing
that the Democrats claim are cuts.
doing to this Nation, I am incensed
our deficits on to our children and
The Republican Party has said all
that middle-class American families
grandchildren.
year that we would not balance the
are being asked to bear the brunt of
Thank you very much. I yield the
budget at the expense of Social Secu-
our enormous tax burden, and then lis-
floor.
rity. The budget reconciliation bill will
S15334
CONGRESSIONAL RECORDSENATE
October 19, 1995
not touch Social Security retirement
are subsidized. That means they get money
The Democrats have fabricated the Medi-
benefits or cost-of-living adjustments,
that the tax man extracted from the tax-
care tax connection because it's useful po-
COLA's. Social Security will increase
payers.
litically. It allows them to attack and duck
43 percent, from $336 billion this year
"Next word: deduction. That's when
responsibility. both at the same time. We
to $482 billion 7 years from now.
you were allowed to count some of
think it's wrong.
Medicare-we are going to increase
your income as off limits to the tax
The editorial. by the way, was enti-
Medicare spending, not cut it. Medi-
man. You can take a deduction for
tled, "Medagogues, Cont'd."
care will grow from $178 billion in 1995
mortgage interest. A portion of your
It is no wonder, Mr. President, that
to $274 billion in 2002, a 54-percent in-
own money stays in the bank."
the American people are frustrated and
crease. Spending per beneficiary will
Democrats claim the tax relief for
angry. We need to keep the promise we
rise from an average of $4,800 today to
families is a tax cut for the rich. The
made to the American people to bal-
more than $6,700 in the year 2002, al-
fact is over 70 percent of the tax cuts
ance the budget by the year 2002.
most a $2,000 increase, as I said before.
included in the Finance Committee bill
The Congressional Budget Office has
Student loans-we have heard a lot
go to families with incomes of less
certified that our budget will do just
about that. Student loan volume will
than $75,000 a year.
that. We have abided by the Congres-
grow from $24 billion in 1995 to $36 bil-
Let us talk about the AmeriCorps for
sional Budget Office, the agency that
lion in the year 2002, a 50-percent in-
a moment. The GAO estimated that
the President praised for its accuracy
crease. The maximum Pell grant will
the program cost nearly $27,000 for
in budget forecasting in 1993. But while
be raised to $2,440 next year. the high-
each "volunteer," and I put quotation
we have abided by the CBO's
est level it has ever been.
marks around that word "volunteer"
scorekeeping. the same entity the
By the way, we could send a whole
since they are paid that salary. In fact,
President praised 2 years ago, the
lot more needy kids to school with Pell
that salary is more than the average
President himself has changed the
grants, eight or nine for every single
American earns in a year. Paying peo-
numbers to make his alternative budg-
AmeriCorps volunteer that we pay a
ple makes them employees, in my
et balance by the year 2005. He has used
salary to.
view, not volunteers.
the numbers from his own office rather
Here are some examples of cuts that
For the average of $20,000 to $30,000
than the Congressional Budget Office.
the Democrats claim are actually in-
cost per year for each student in
As former CBO Director Robert
creases.
AmeriCorps, as I said, eight needy stu-
Reischauer put it, "He lowered the bar
Defense spending declines from $270
dents could get Pell grants at $2,400
and then gracefully jumped over it."
billion in 1995 to $264 billion in 1996.
apiece. The fact is Americans aged 18
Let me close by saying that it is un-
That is $6 billion less. Defense spending
and up volunteer 19.5 billion hours of
fortunate that the President would
is not going up. It is going down.
their time, which is a 50-percent in-)
change the numbers in order to get his
Here is an example of spending in-
crease in the number of hours since
budget balanced rather than face the
creases that many of the Democrats
1981. We do not need to pay people to be
tough realities we have had to face in
not only call cuts but claim are tax in-
volunteers under AmeriCorps.
putting together a budget which we
creases as well. Only in Washington
Another one of these Alice in Won-
know will balance by the year 2002. I
can such distorted logic have any sem-
derland meaning changes is calling
think we owe it to our children and
blance of credibility.
taxes contributions. Referring to tax
grandchildren to do that, not to hand
Talking first about the earned in-
increases he would be proposing, Presi-
them the debt that we have accumu-
come tax credit, we will spend more on
dent Clinton, in an address to the pub-
lated over the years we have been here.
the EITC program every year between
lic from the Oval Office on February 15,
We have a historic opportunity this
now and the year 2002. Spending will
1993, said:
year. Not since 1969 has Congress had a
rise from $19.8 billion in 1995 to $22.8
We just have to face the fact that to make
chance to vote on a balanced budget.
billion in the year 2002. The maximum
the changes our country needs more Ameri-
And I do not think we can miss this op-
credit for families with one child will
cans must contribute today so that all
portunity. It is not just because of the
rise from $2,094 in 1995 to $2,615 in the
Americans can do better tomorrow.
politics of it. It is because of the chil-
year 2002. For families with two chil-
I have an idea, Mr. President. Let us
dren and grandchildren who are going
dren, it rises from $3,100 next year to
just call these contributions voluntary
to follow us and who do not deserve to
$3,888 in the near 2002, and the exam-
and we will see how much in the way of
have to pay off the debts that we have
ples go on.
contributions are received. There is
accumulated.
The Democrats not only call that a
nothing voluntary about the income
So I am very hopeful that we can
cut, but a tax increase on low-income
tax.
support the budget that will be pre-
families. If you are eligible. you get a
On Medicare, President Clinton says,
sented, the reconciliation bill that will
check from the Government to offset
"The Republican plan would dismantle
be before us next week. I think if we do
any income tax liability you might
Medicare as we know it"-the Washing-
that the American people will say
have under that program, plus any ex-
ton Post, September 16, 1995-despite
thank you for keeping the commitment
cess to which you are entitled. Eighty-
the fact that six Medicare Board of
that you made to us in 1994.
four percent of the program costs are
Trustees, five of whom are Clinton ad-
Mr. COCHRAN addressed the Chair.
cash grants. The program is run
ministration appointees, issued a re-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
through the Tax Code because it is
port in April, with which we are all fa-
ator from Mississippi.
more efficient. It requires less bureauc-
miliar, which stated that "The Medi-
racy. But it is just not possible that
care Program is clearly unsustainable
you can be hit by a tax increase if you
in its present form and will become in-
COMMENDATION OF SENATORS
get back all of your tax payments plus
solvent within the next 6 to 11 years."
Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President. let me
more. It cannot be a tax increase.
Mr. President, the reality is clear.
commend the distinguished Senator
Here are some examples of tax cuts
Medicare benefits will be cut off com-
from Arizona for his excellent state-
that they claim are spending increases.
pletely unless we act now. If Medicare
ment and the other Senators who have
They claim that allowing individuals
goes bankrupt, which could happen as
spoken on our side of the aisle tonight
and businesses to keep more of what
early as the year 2002, according to the
on the subject of the balanced budget
they earn is a subsidy that is equiva-
trustees, by law no payments could be
process, the reconciliation bill which
lent to direct spending. But as
made to Medicare beneficiaries for hos-
will be coming before the Senate next
Llewellyn Rockwell, Jr., pointed out in
pital care, doctor services, or any other
week, and the effort that has been
a column in the Washington Times on
covered benefit.
made to put together a plan to achieve
September 18 of this year, I am
Even the Washington Post has con-
a balanced budget by the year 2002.
quoting:
demned the duplicity of those who
This is a plan that is workable. It is de-
A subsidy means the Government is giving
would oppose solving this Medicare
fensible in every respect. It shows a
money to you that originally belonged to
problem. In a lead editorial on Septem-
new awareness and sense of responsibil-
somebody else. Dairy farmers, for example,
ber 25, 1995, the Post wrote:
ity for managing the fiscal policy of
July 20, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
10375
General Accounting Office." are reduced by
had a very close vote, and if I had had
sistance free of charge. counseling on
1.92 percent.
the proxies of absent Members, this
the various technological questions.
Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, will
amendment would not be necessary
If we go right to it, I think one of the
the Senator yield for just a moment?
today. It would have been adopted in
principal objections is that the needs
Mr. HOLLINGS. I ask unanimous
committee and on the bill at the mo-
for these studies will not go away. If
consent that I may yield to my col-
ment.
each committee crowds in on the tech-
league from Wisconsin without losing
Be that as it may, Mr. President, I
nological needs for information from
the right to the floor.
have now clarified the provisions of
the General Accounting Office, obvi-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
this $15 million. The President's budget
ously the General Accounting Office
objection. it is so ordered.
for the Office of Technology Assess-
will go out and hire all of these people
Mr. FEINGOLD. Thank you, Mr.
ment is some $22 million, and this con-
and meet themselves coming around
President. I thank the Senator from
tinues OTA but levels a 30-percent cut,
the corner having in all probability ex-
South Carolina very much.
at a level of $15 million, to be obtained
pended more money.
I just want to briefly comment on
from a 1.12-percent cut from the var-
Now, what is wrong? This crowd-and
what we just resolved with regard to
ious legislative accounts-the Office of
I guess I am in on it, too, because I get
the campaign finance reform issue.
the Architect of the Capitol, the Cap-
frustrated on figuring out where you
I am very gratified by the bipartisan
itol Building, Capitol Grounds, Senate
try to save money. I have been through
vote, very strong vote, including 11
office buildings, the Capitol Power
the exercise of freezes, the cuts of.
Members on the opposite side of the
Plant, the salaries and expenses of the
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings. a value-
aisle, against tabling the sense-of-the-
Superintendent of Documents, the Gov-
added tax allocated to the deficit and
Senate resolution with regard to the
ernment Printing Office, and a 1.92-per-
all the other attempts made to get us
issue of bringing up and considering
cent cut out of the GAO. We thought,
in the black. Unfortunately, in today's
campaign finance reform during the
twofold: one, we could make that a lit-
political climate, individual chairmen
104th Congress. It is one of the strong-
tle over 1-percent cut across the board.
come around and say, "Well, I have got
est bipartisan votes we have had on
obtain the $15 million, keep OTA in
to eliminate something." And more or
this floor during this 104th Congress.
harness, and otherwise, Mr. President.
less, if this amendment passes, it would
Now the majority leader has sug-
have a study recommendation made by
take away a Brownie point from their
gested that as a perfecting amendment.
the distinguished colleague from Alas-
political resume.
In addition to a number of items that
ka, who is no longer but served with
It is easy to go campaign next year
were originally in the Mack substitute
distinction as the chairman of the Of-
and say, "I am for economy, and I got
that did not include campaign finance
fice of Technology Assessment. His
rid of the Office of Technology Assess-
reform, they have now offered to in-
suggestion was that we have a study on
ment. That is saving $15 million."
clude in that list-for the first time-
how best to consolidate the various
Come on. Two nights ago ABC reported
campaign finance reform. It is some-
legislative or congressional services
on a particular misguided missile, $4
thing that should be considered during
within this segment of the budget and
billion. You never heard this crowd
the 104th Congress.
that is fussing about $15 million-we
save money.
Mr. President, this is precisely what
There is no question that this amend-
took almost 2 hours in the Appropria-
we had hoped for, a vote by the Senate.
ment not only saves OTA, but it saves
tions Committee trying to save $15 mil-
I hope, given the fact that it is the ma-
money. It is bipartisan. I offer this
lion or trying to sustain the need to
jority leader's intention to support his
amendment for myself, Mr. HATCH, Mr.
know of the Members of this Congress.
own proposal, that we will have very,
STEVENS, Mr. ROBB, Mr. LIEBERMAN,
But they do not talk about that $4 bil-
very strong bipartisan support to add
lion.
Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. WELLSTONE. and oth-
that to the list.
Now, that is where the Congress
ers who support this legislation. We
This is a shift from earlier in the day
ought to really be working. Do not
have now solved the problem relative
when the proposal by the Senator from
come around here to get a Brownie
to the Library of Congress; Dr.
Florida listed many important items
point on a political resume about how
Billington-and he is a good friend and
but did not include-in fact excluded-
we saved and got rid of the Office of
an outstanding librarian-has been
campaign finance reform.
Technology Assessment. That is good
So we are extremely pleased that we
doing his homework.
in the 20-second bite. They will not just
will have the vote, another vote in ad-
Mr. President, I do not have charts or
say how much they saved and every-
dition to the other one that we had,
prepared statements. I agreed to limit
thing else of that kind. But instead
with the vote which was very strong, to
my comments without charts so let me
they cry in frustration, "Well, if we
indicate that before we leave here in
get right to the heart of the matter.
can't cut this, where can we cut?"
the 104th Congress on a bipartisan basis
Back in the Nixon administration,
I can give them a list. I voted this
we should reform this terrible system.
they abolished the Office of Science
morning against the space station. I
I again thank the Senator from
Adviser. and at that particular time
was former chairman of Commerce,
South Carolina for his courtesy.
the various committees were crowding
Science, and Transportation. I do not
Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I
in saying we have to learn about this.
like to vote against the space station,
thank the distinguished colleague. I
we have to know about that. We always
but I am trying to maintain the space
thank the Chair.
referred it to the Office of Science Ad-
program. And you see, you learn from
Mr. President, this amendment is one
viser. We could depend on it; it had
experience. They came forward with
to retain the Office of Technology As-
credibility.
the space station at $8 billion. The next
sessment. It first occurred over on the
They said. let us get together in a bi-
thing you know it was at $17 billion.
House side. The bill came out of the
partisan fashion, which we did, with al-
The next thing you know it was $30 bil-
committee abolishing the Office of
ternating between the House and the
lion. We have had four revisions of cut-
Technology Assessment but on the
Senate as chairman, alternating be-
ting it back until all I think we are
floor the House added $15 million for
tween Democrats and Republicans. We
going to get is the booster or the
its continuance, taking it out of the
have had quite a successful administra-
thruster up in space and we'll call it a
hide of the Library of Congress.
tion at the Office of Technology As-
station before we get through.
On yesterday, Mr. President. at the
sessment.
Now they have a new angle-that it
full appropriations committee markup,
One way it saves us money is by hav-
is a matter of comity with the Soviets
I offered an amendment. I was not
ing these distinguished boards. advi-
and everything else. Fine business. If
quite prepared then, and I should be
sory panels, counseling the Office of
we were fat, rich, and happy, a space
better prepared at this moment. Yes-
Technology Assessment. They are com-
station could well be in order. But we
terday, I was not quite prepared be-
prised of college presidents, heads of
are broke. This Congress and Govern-
cause I wanted to present the amend-
the science departments from the insti-
ment around here for 15 years now has
ment without cutting the Library of
tutes of technology, and others around
been spending on an average of $200 bil-
Congress. The fact of the matter is we
the country who give outstanding as-
lion more than we are taking in. So we
S10376
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
July 20, 1995
are not paying our way, and we have to
Do not tell me that we can give ev-
Mr. President, if there has been one
not just cut; we have to forgo.
erything to GAO; we know GAO can do
entity that has been hit hard in the
Another one, AmeriCorps. I believe in
it. That is not true. I worked closely
legislative branch for the past 6 years,
voluntarism, but I expect it. We had it
for years as chairman of the Legisla-
it has been the General Accounting Of-
when we had Hurricane Hugo. I stood
tive Appropriations Subcommittee,
fice. Last year, the General Accounting
in the rain that weekend, and we
working with Elmer Staats and every-
Office was hit with $69 million in cuts.
counted up volunteers from 38 States
thing else. What we had to do was cut
This next year, it is $45 million in cuts.
that had come around to help us. The
out all the term papers that were being
It has been cut back about 25 percent,
first plane that landed in Hurricane
made for high school graduates and ev-
and that is a significant cut for the
Andrew or whatever it was down there
erything over there. They will take on
watchdog of Congress. The General Ac-
at Homestead was our plane that car-
anything to keep the work going. Let
counting Office has saved this country
ried generators, clean water, and per-
us not do that. Let us keep the Office
billions and billions and billions of dol-
sonnel. We had Spanish-speaking police
of Technology Assessment at an- eco-
lars. And they are now cut back to the
officers, and you saw them at Hurri-
nomical price and continue it and not
point where they have significantly cut
cane Andrew in the recovery. No cost
abolish it in the political urge to get
back on the work that they can do, the
to Florida, we sent them down from
rid of something here.
requests that we make to them that
Charleston.
I yield the floor.
they can meet. The Office of Tech-
The people of America believe in vol-
Mr. REID addressed the Chair.
nology Assessment did 50 major reports
unteering, and they will continue to
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
last year, 50 major reports for $22 mil-
work to help their neighborhoods. Oh,
ator from Nevada.
lion. Now, Mr. President, CRS, where
it is good to say on your resume I be-
Mr. REID. Mr. President, there is no
the money was originally to be taken,
lieve in voluntarism and I voted for
one in the Senate I have more respect
an example of a different workload,
AmeriCorps. But instead, I withheld
for than the junior Senator from the
CRS did 11,000 reports last year.
my vote. So I have been saving the
State of South Carolina. But having
The work the OTA does can be done
money.
said that, I am not sure who would
by other agencies. I have had the OTA
So do not come around here saying,
have won in the Appropriations Com-
do work for me. They do fine work. But
"Oh, if we cannot get rid of this." You
mittee if all the proxies had been
we do not have the ability to have in
are not getting rid of it. The need is
given. That is something we do not
our garage three Cadillacs. We have to
there. What you are doing is eliminat-
know. The fact of the matter is, this
start cutting back until we wind up
ing the most economical approach, the
amendment was brought up before the
with maybe two Chevrolets, or I should
most technologically adept approach
Appropriations Committee in an effort
say a Ford and a Chevrolet, or maybe a
to this technological need.
to remove this, and that amendment
Ford and a Chrysler. however you want
Now, that is the best statement I can
lost.
to combine it. But, Mr. President, we
make. I note that some of the other
Mr. President, I, for 6 years, served
cannot have three luxury automobiles
Senators want to talk, but I can men-
as chairman in the Legislative Branch
anymore. All we can have is the Gen-
tion some of the examples of where we
Subcommittee of the Appropriations
eral Accounting Office and all we can
save the Government not just millions
Committee. And we went through some
have is the Congressional Research
but billions.
very rough times. In prior years. there
Service, which the congressional staff
The distinguished Senator from Alas-
was quite a bit of money to pass
depends on around here to meet the re-
ka, I do not know whether he can ap-
around in the legislative branch. There
quests of constituents at home and
proach the floor. On yesterday, we
came a time when there had been cut-
Members of the Senate. Our staffs de-
talked about the spectrum auction, and
backs in Washington generally, and no
pend on the Congressional Research
that came out of the Office of Tech-
place has it been focused more than in
Service. They did not depend on the Of-
nology Assessment. And we put it up,
the legislative branch. So for my friend
fice of Technology Assessment.
and in the last 2 years now we have
from South Carolina to talk about
Now, Mr. President, I say that the
brought to the Government $12 bil-
going into the black box where all
work of the OTA can be done by other
lion-not $15 million, $12 billion-from
these secret things are, or the A-12, we
agencies. The General Accounting Of-
those auctions. So here is a money-
all know that we cannot do that here
fice can do their work. They are not a
making entity.
today. We are bound by what is in the
bunch of accountants. They have sci-
Those who are frustrated and say, "If
Legislative Branch Subcommittee of
entists there. They call in scientific
I cannot cut this, where can I cut?" I
Appropriations. That is all we can deal
panels all the time. We have been told
cannot understand those who are com-
with. We cannot deal with A-12's, space
in this debate that they have distin-
mitted to ignorance. We are trying to
stations, or black box matters. We
guished boards, advisory panels. Well,
find out. We are trying to learn. We.
have to deal with what we have in this
that is not hard to copy. That is not
who have been dealing with the Office
very tiny little Appropriations sub-
hard to do. The General Accounting Of-
of Technology Assessment, study very
committee.
fice does the same thing.
closely and look at their particular
And what we have is the fact that we
It is interesting to note, in one of the
commitments. We just do not take
have to cut $200 million from this sub-
most scientific matters we have had
anything and everything.
committee. This amendment will cut
before this body in a decade, namely.
In fact, all of the requests made are
approximately-this-what has been
the superconducting super collider, we
bipartisan. They come from the chair-
done on the subcommittee level takes
did not see a word from the Office of
men and the ranking members of the
approximately $22 million. It is a tre-
Technology Assessment on the
committees themselves. We get way
mendous step forward to arriving at
superconducting super collider-one of
more requests than we respond to and
the goals we have to meet.
the most scientific measures brought
cannot take on each and every ques-
Mr. President. the Office of Tech-
before this body in the last decade.
tion that would come. So it comes with
nology Assessment is a luxury. It is
OTA did not write a report on it.
a real need from the Congress itself.
something that would be nice to have if
I repeat the words of the Senator
OTA has responded. It has done a pro-
we had lots of money like we used to
from South Carolina: If we cannot cut
fessional job. There is no criticism in
have. But we do not have the money
funding for this agency, then we can-
this debate about the quality of work.
that we used to have, and we have to
not cut funding for anything. If this is
I am not going to try to overwhelm
look someplace to make cuts. The
not fat and something that we do not
you and bring all the studies and ev-
amendment offered in the Appropria-
need, then there is not anything we can
erything else. But we can get into a
tions Committee took the money from
do-$22 million in this very tiny little
few of them. I am pleased-I have
the Library of Congress. Well, it is ob-
subcommittee.
checked this amendment through with
vious that that has not sold very well.
The proposed amendment attempts
our distinguished ranking member, the
And now, there is an across-the-board
to keep OTA alive. We do not kill
Senator from Washington, and I will be
cut, cutting things like the General
things around here: we just kind of
glad to adjust it.
Accounting Office.
choke them to death. What we are
Thursday, July 20, 1995
Daily Digest
HIGHLIGHTS
Senate passed Legislative Branch Appropriations, 1996
Senate
Chamber Action
313), Senate earlier rejected a motion to table the
amendment.)
Routine Proceedings, pages S10329-S10444
Pages S10358-63, S10373-74, S10380, S10419
Measures Introduced: Two bills and one resolution
(4) By 91 yeas to 8 nays (Vote No. 314), Dole
were introduced, as follows: S. 1052 and 1053, and
Amendment No. 1807 (to Amendment No. 1803),
S. Res. 155.
Page S10426
of a perfecting nature.
Pages S10373, S10380
Measures Reported: Reports were made as follows:
(5) Specter Amendment No. 1806, expressing the
S. 919, to modify and reauthorize the Child
sense of the Senate regarding war crimes in the Bal-
kans.
Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, with an
Pages S10364-67, S10419
amendment in the nature of a substitute. (S. Rept.
(6) By 84 yeas to 13 nays (Vote No. 318), Murray
No. 104-117)
Modified Amendment No. 1826, to provide that
S. Res. 103, to proclaim the week of October 15
none of the funds in this Act may be used to award
through October 21, 1995, as National Character
Federal contracts to unqualified persons, in reverse
Counts Week.
Page S10426
discrimination, or in quotas, or is inconsistent with
the decision of the Supreme Court of the United
Measures Passed:
States in Adarand Constructors, Inc., V. Pena on June
Legislative Branch Appropriations, 1996: Senate
12, 1995.
Pages S10402-18
passed H.R. 1854, making appropriations for the
(7) Mack (for Dole) Amendment No. 1828, to re-
Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending Septem-
tain the Capitol Guide Service and Special Services
ber 30, 1996, after agreeing to committee amend-
Office.
Page S10419
ments, and taking action on amendments proposed
(8) Mack (for Simon) Amendment No. 1829, to
thereto, as follows:
repeal the prohibitions against political recommenda-
Pages S10340-67, S10373-86, S10400-20
tions relating to Federal employment.
Page S10419
Adopted:
(9) Mack (for Lieberman) Amendment No. 1830,
(1) By 60 yeas to 39 nays (Vote No. 312) Byrd
to amend the Congressional Accountability Act re-
Amendment No. 1802, to express. the sense of the
lating to the submission of a study by the Adminis-
Senate that the Senate should consider a resolution
trative Conference of the United States. Page S10419
requiring each accredited member of the Senate Press
(10) Mack (for Bingaman) Amendment No. 1831,
Gallery to file an annual public report with the Sec-
relating to the reduction in facilities energy costs.
retary of the Senate disclosing the member's primary
Pages S10419-20
employer and any additional sources and amounts of
(11) Mack Amendment No. 1832, to strike lan-
earned outside income.
Pages S10350-57
guage relative to law enforcement on Library of Con-
(2) Brown Amendment No. 1805, to prohibit the
gress property at Ft. Meade, Maryland.
hiring of new elevator operators to operate automatic
Pages S10419-20
elevators.
Pages S10363-64
Rejected:
(3) Feingold Amendment No. 1803, to express
(1) Hollings Amendment No. 1808, to restore
the sense of the Senate that the 104th Congress
funding for the Office of Technology Assessment.
should consider comprehensive campaign finance re-
(By 54 yeas to 45 nays (Vote No. 316), Senate re-
form legislation. (By 41 yeas to 57 nays (Vote No.
jected a motion to table the amendment.)
Pages S10374-86, S10400
887
888
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-DAILY DIGEST
July 20, 1995
(2) By 36 yeas to 61 nays (Vote No. 317).
Emergency Supplemental/Rescissions, 1995: Sen-
Gramm Amendment No. 1825, to ensure equal op-
ate resumed consideration of H.R. 1944, making
portunity and merit selection in the award of Federal
emergency supplemental appropriations for addi-
contracts.
Pages S10401-18
tional disaster assistance, for anti-terrorism initia-
Withdrawn:
tives, for assistance in the recovery from the tragedy
(1) Mack (for McConnell) Amendment No: 1804
that occurred at Oklahoma City, and making rescis-
(to Amendment No. 1803), in the nature of a sub-
sions for fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, tak-
stitute.
Pages S10358-63, S10374
ing action on amendments proposed thereto, as fol-
(2) Exon (for Murray) Amendment 1827 (to
lows:
Pages S10419-25
Amendment No. 1825), of a perfecting nature.
Pending:
Pages S10403-S10417
Wellstone/Moseley-Braun Amendment No. 1833,
U.S. Insular Areas Authorizations: Senate passed
to strike certain rescissions, and to provide an offset.
S. 638, to authorize appropriations for United States
Pages S10420-25
insular areas, after agreeing to an amendment in the
A unanimous-consent time agreement was reached
nature of a substitute.
Pages S10440-42
providing for further consideration of the bill and
the amendment pending thereto,- on Friday, July 21,
D.C. Transportation Projects: Senate passed S.
1995.
Page S10419
1023, to authorize an increased Federal share of the
costs of certain transportation projects in the District
Military Construction Appropriations, 1996—
of Columbia for fiscal years 1995 and 1996.
Agreement: A unanimous-consent agreement was
Pages S10442-43
reached providing for the consideration of H.R.
1817, making appropriations for military construc-
Bosnia/Herzegovina Self-Defense Act: Senate con-
tion, family housing, and base realignment and clo-
tinued consideration of S. 21, to terminate the Unit-
sure for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year
ed States arms embargo applicable to the Govern-
ending September 30, 1996, on Friday, July 21,
ment of Bosnia and Herzegovina, taking action on
1995.
Page S10420
amendments proposed thereto, as follows:
Pages S10386-87
Nominations Received: Senate received the follow-
Pending:
ing nominations:
Dole Amendment No. 1801, in the nature of a
James A. Joseph, of Virginia, to be Ambassador to
substitute.
Page S10386
the Republic of South Africa.
1 Air Force nomination in the rank of general.
Comprehensive Regulatory Reform Act: Senate
continued consideration of S. 343, to reform the reg-
31 Army nominations in the rank of general.
Routine lists in the Army, Navy.
Page S10444
ulatory process, taking action on amendments pro-
posed thereto, as follows:
Pages S10386-S10401
Messages From the House:
Page S10425
Pending:
Measures Referred:
Pages S10425-26
(1) Dole Amendment No. 1487, in the nature of
Executive Reports of Committees:
Page S10426
a substitute.
Page S10386
(2) Ashcroft Amendment No. 1786 (to Amend-
Statements on Introduced Bills:
Pages S10426-27
ment No. 1487), to provide for the designation of
Additional Cosponsors:
Pages S10427-28
distressed areas within qualifying cities as Regu-
Amendments Submitted:
Pages S10429-33
latory Relief Zones and for the selective waiver of
Federal regulations within such zones.
Page S10386
Authority for Committees:
Page S10433
(3) Hutchison/Ashcroft Amendment No. 1789 (to
Additional Statements:
Pages S10433-40
Amendment No. 1786), in the nature of a sub-
Record Votes: Seven record votes were taken today.
stitute.
Page S10386
(Total-318)
During consideration of this measure today, Senate
Pages S10357, S10373, S10380, S10399-S10400, S10418
also took the following action:
By 58 yeas to 40 nays (Vote No. 315), three-fifths
Recess: Senate convened at 9 a.m., and recessed at
of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having
11:27 p.m., until 9 a.m., on Friday, July 21, 1995.
voted in the affirmative, Senate failed to close further
(For Senate's program, see the remarks of the Acting
debate on Amendment No. 1487, listed above.
Majority Leader in today's RECORD on page
Pages S10399-S10400
S10443.)
H6838
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
July 12, 1995
House for 1 minute and to revise and
leagues on the VA-HUD Appropriations
ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER
extend his remarks.)
Subcommittee for stopping this new
PRO TEMPORE
Mr. MILLER of California. Mr.
entitlement program.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
Speaker, yesterday a special congres-
Chair will take one additional 1-minute
sional panel heard stories of growing
speech from each side.
threats and attacks against public offi-
CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION
cials, law enforcement officers, envi-
OF DOW CORNING NEEDED
ronmentalists, and women advocates
THE TRUTH ABOUT MEDICARE
by extremist right-wing groups and mi-
(Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was
CUTS
litia in this country.
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
(Mr. LEWIS of Georgia asked and was
This week the Nation was shocked by
extremist campaign material produced
his remarks.)
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
by the National Republican Congres-
Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, I
sional Committee in the name of
want to talk about Medicare, Medicaid,
his remarks.)
Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker,
Speaker GINGRICH that suggested
and SSI, because the taxpayers for
I rise today in support of a program
Democratic Members of the House are
those programs will be paying for the
that gives security to our Nation's el-
wanted criminals just for disagreeing
sins of Dow Corning-Dow Corning,
derly and hard-working families. I rise
with the Republican Contract for
that told hundreds of thousands of
in support of Medicare.
America.
American women that silicone breast
We beat you to death to keep some-
That extremist rhetoric endangers
implants were safe.
one else from killing you. The Repub-
democracy and encourages a lunatic
The Harvard Nurses Study just came
licans say that they are cutting Medi-
fringe of this Nation. As a Nation we
out and said there are no health risks.
care to save Medicare. But it is time to
have learned that when you preach
By the way, that was paid for by Dow
be honest with the American people.
hate; you get hate, when you preach vi-
Corning.
These cuts will not help Medicare.
olence, you get violence.
Mr. Speaker, is there any justice
These cuts pay for tax breaks for
Thirty-two years ago another wanted
left? If there is, ask Grace Nero's fam-
Americans earning over $200,000 a year.
poster was distributed in Dallas, TX,
ily in my district. Grace passed away
And, at the same time, the average
on November 22, 1963, accusing Presi-
on Independence Day after complica-
senior citizen will pay $1,000 more for
dent Kennedy of selling out America to
tions from surgery from breast im-
health care.
the United Nations and being anti-
plants, a blood clot.
We must help the Medicare Program,
Christian. This wanted poster ended in
Dow Corning manipulated Federal
and I have supported efforts to do so.
a tragedy.
bankruptcy laws to avoid a $4 billion
But we should not and must not take
We should understand that we cannot
settlement. Dow Corning in fact lied to
away the security of health care insur-
have the leading politicians of this Na-
the American people, and I am asking
ance for our elderly.
tion preaching hatred, preaching the
U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno to
These cuts to Medicare are not re-
suggestion that politicians who dis-
investigate possible criminal charges.
form. I know it, You know it, It's time
agree are somehow criminals. Speaker
Dow Corning lied to Congress. Does
the American people know it.
GINGRICH should repudiate this poster
Congress care anymore? Anybody just
Don't support Medicare cuts to pay
and withdraw this campaign rhetoric
from the public.
comes up here and lies to you? Do we
for tax breaks for the rich. That is not
really govern around here? To me, this
right. That is not fair.
is unbelievable. Congress should sup-
AMERICORPS PROGRAM A WASTE
port an investigation of Dow Corning.
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOP-
OF MONEY
MENT APPROPRIATIONS ACT,
(Mr. STEARNS asked and was given
1996
permission to address the House for 1
KEEP TWO ROCK COAST GUARD
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu-
minute and to revise and extend his re-
TRAINING FACILITY OPEN
ant to House Resolution 171 and rule
marks.)
(Ms. WOOLSEY asked and was given
XXIII, the Chair declares the House in
Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Speaker, last
permission to address the House for 1
the Committee of the Whole House on
night, NBC News did an expose on
minute and to revise and extend her re-
the State of the Union for the further
AmeriCorps that proved what a lot of
marks.)
consideration of the bill, H.R. 1905.
us have suspected for some time-the
Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Speaker, for
1028
program is way over budget and wast-
some reason that's beyond me, the U.S.
ing taxpayers' money at a phenomenal
Coast Guard is considering closing its
IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE
rate.
only west coast training facility-the
Accordingly, the House resolved it-
AmeriCorps may have worthy goals,
training base at Two Rock, CA.
self into the Committee of the Whole
but is has lousy execution. According
House on the State of the Union for the
No doubt about it, the Coast Guard
to a report by the General Accounting
further consideration of the bill (H.R.
needs to get rid of some dead weight. It
Office, the Clinton administration pro-
will be missing the boat, however, if it
1905) making appropriations for energy
jected AmeriCorps to cost $6.43 per
and water development for the fiscal
shuts down this important base.
hour for each so-called volunteer. The
year ending September 30, 1996, and for
actual cost: $15.65 per hour. Annually,
Any old coastie can tell you Mr.
other purposes, with Mr. OXLEY in the
the program was supposed to cost no
Speaker, that it makes sense to con-
chair.
more than $18,000 per participant. The
solidate one of the four east coast
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
final tab: $27,000 per participant.
training centers at the Two Rock Base.
The CHAIRMAN. When the Commit-
Mr. Speaker, these are large sums of
It makes sense because of Two
tee of the Whole rose on Tuesday, July
money. Most of the citizens in my dis-
Rock's expansion capacity, good cli-
11, 1995, the bill had been read through
trict, who work full-time jobs to sup-
mate, available housing, and, above all,
page 24, line 18, and title III was open
port their whole families, don't earn
the fact that taxpayers recently in-
for amendment at any point.
this kind of money. Why does it cost
vested $22 million to make the base's
Are there further amendments to
$27,000 to support just one AmeriCorps
computer and radar training facilities
title III?
participant?
state-of-the-art.
AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. OBEY
On Monday night, the VA-HUD Ap-
Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to
Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer an
propriations Subcommittee cut all
heed this SOS, and join the entire Cali-
amendment, numbered 25.
funding for President Clinton's so-
fornia delegation in ensuring that the
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des-
called national service program.
Coast Guard can fulfill its mission by
ignate the amendment.
Well, Mr. Speaker, the answer is that
having training facilities on both of
The text of the amendment is as fol-
it won't anymore. I applaud my col-
our coasts by keeping Two Rock open.
lows:
April 4. 1995
CONGRESSIONAL Extensions of Remarks
E765
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
AMERICORPS: ANOTHER FAILED
ever, is that the majority of these highly
Worse than President Clinton's good inten-
ELITIST PROGRAM
paid "volunteers" work in federal or state
tions gone awry and the litany of waste and
bureaucracies, government-funded programs
abuse is AmeriCorps' effect on the essence of
HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON
or even political action organizations.
volunteerism. Private sector community
For example, more than 2,800 AmeriCorps
service is thriving. The Labor Department
OF NEW YORK
participants work in federal departments or
estimates that there are currently three mil-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
agencies, including 1,200 in the U.S. Depart-
lion unpaid volunteers between the ages of 18
Tuesday, April 4. 1995
ment of Agriculture, 525 in the Interior De-
and 25, most of whom work for religious or-
partment, 210 in the U.S. Department of Jus-
ganizations, the backbone of community ac-
Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, in typical lib-
tice, 135 at the Environmental Protection
tivism.
eral fashion, the President 2 years ago chose
Agency and 60 at the National Endowment of
The laudable goals of AmeriCorps do not
to respond to declining voluntarism by throw-
the Arts.
match its reality. If the goal is to expand
ing Federal money and bureaucrats at the
The federally funded Legal Service Cor-
educational opportunity. the AmeriCorps
problem. At the time, I warned against this
poration, the chief litigator for the welfare
budget would be better spent on direct aid to
wasteful use of limited tax dollars because it
state (which for example. represents drug
students. If the goal is to stimulate service,
dealers when they are threatened with evic-
would jeopardize worthwhile and necessary
Congress should amend the tax code to allow
tion from public housing). was awarded 44
for tax credits or increased deductions for
projects.
AmeriCorps volunteers, cost the U.S. tax-
those who donate their time and money.
Lo and behold, 2 years later, that is exactly
payer $959,000 plus an additional $1,242,784 in
what happened. President Clinton's pet project
"matching funds." In San Francisco. the
was funded at the expense of needed veter-
AmeriCorps "Summer of Safety" program
ans' health care projects. Mr. Speaker, veter-
organized 40 groups to rally against the fed-
THE HOME RUN READER SUMMER
eral crime bill's "three strikes and you're
ans are people who know all there is to know
out" provision.
READING PROGRAM
about national service and deserve the assist-
More than half of the money spent on
ance our limited resources can' provide. To
AmeriCorps ends up funding bureaucracies
that end, my good friend and chairman of the
and paperwork. 'Educrats' at Northwestern
HON. JIM LIGHTFOOT
Veterans' Committee, BOB STUMP. and I spon-
University, for example. were given $140,000
by AmeriCorps to develop "a plan to com-
OF IOWA
sored an amendment to restore the funding for
VA outpatient clinics by rescinding funds from
plete for more AmeriCorps money next
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AmeriCorps.
year," without funding a single "volunteer."
Similarly. Americorps gave bureaucrats a
Like all other liberal programs, AmeriCorps
Tuesday, April 4. 1995
$100,000 planning grant to study a volunteer
is wrought with abuse and spends half its
corps in the Virgin Islands and gave the
Mr. LIGHTFOOT. Mr. Speaker, I would like
money en bureaucracies and paperwork. Just
Council of Great City Schools, which is de-
to bring the Members' attention to a reading
like their School Lunch Program, which sup-
voted to the "advancement of education in
program in my district which has done a great
ports bureaucrats instead of feeding hungry
inner-city public schools through public and
deal to motivate young people to read. It
children, this volunteer program, intended to
legislative advocacy," a $200,000 planning
seems commonplace to hear about American
provide student aid, funds even more bureau-
grant. Again. none of this money went to
students who do not meet the strenuous cri-
help students pay for college.
crats rather than directly aiding students. Fur-
Despite the rhetoric, AmeriCorps does lit-
teria we must require of them. Unfortunately,
thermore, Mr. Speaker, the liberals and Presi-
tle to help working families pay for college.
it is not unusual to hear about young Ameri-
dent Clinton have succeeded in exacerbating
At a 1993-94 price tag of $155.5 million. about
cans who graduate from high school without
the problem of voluntarism by throwing money
one-tenth of one percent of the 16 million
adequate reading skills.
at it. Their volunteers receive more money and
students enrolled in post-secondary edu-
This program is sponsored by the Daily
benefits than many of our hard-working citi-
cation participated in AmeriCorps. Even If
Tribune newspaper in Ames, IA, and the lowa
zens. On top of that, the tax dollars funding
Congress expands the program to 150,000 par-
this program often go to wealthy families,
ticipants by 1997 as the Clinton administra-
Cubs baseball team and is entitled, appro-
tion has requested, less than one percent of
priately enough, "The Home Run Reader
maintaining their elitist pool of feel-gooders in-
students will be able to participate.
Summer Reading Program." This program
stead of inspiring do-gooders. Supporting ex-
Furthermore, the majority of the students
was conceived with the sole purpose of help-
isting community based groups who already
recruited come from wealthy. not poor or
ing children discover the pleasure of reading.
perform charitable duties would incite civic vir-
needy, households. The AmeriCorps program
The program has been successful.
tue and activism amongst others.
is not means-tested (the liberals in Congress
Last year marked the launch of the program
Mr. Speaker, since my warning 2 years ago
defeated conservative efforts to develop a
and over 5,000 children and 26 libraries in 4
wasn't enough to discourage my fellow Mem-
means test). Thus, the children of wealthy
Iowa counties were involved. The students
bers from creating another wasteful, bureau-
and influential people can elbow out poor
students for participants in the program. As
ranged in age from 2 to 16 years of age and
cratic program, I would like to offer the follow-
Sen. Robert Byrd (D-W.V.) noted on the Sen-
read or had read to them an astounding
ing article that appeared in the Hill newspaper
ate floor, instead of sending one AmeriCorp
50,000 books, according to Mary
as evidence of its failure. "AmeriCorps: Rhet-
participant (who may or may not need finan-
Youngerman, a constituent in my district who
oric vs. Reality" provides justification for re-
cial assistance) to college, five needy stu-
served as the coordinator of the program. This
scinding valuable tax dollars from this mis-
dents could qualify for Pell Grants.
summer, the program will span eight counties
guided program.
Nor does AmeriCorps promote "volunteer-
and its estimated that 12,000 young people
[From the Hill, Mar. 29, 1995]
ism". Each AmeriCorps "volunteer" is paid a
$7,400 stipend and a $4,750 tuition credit,
will participate.
AMERICORPS: RHETORIC vs. REALITY
worth approximately $7.27 per hour. plus
It is my hope that participating in this pro-
(By Allyson Tucker)
medical benefits and free care. The
gram will initiate a love of reading in children
Thanks to a $1.7 million public relations
total, tax-free AmeriCorps package is worth
that will last them for the rest of their lives. Ac-
budget, AmeriCorps. the Clinton administra-
nearly $20,000 annually, more than the in-
cording to Ms. Youngerman, this program was
tion's national service program created in
come of 39.3 million working Americans. The
inspired by a similar program in Illinois.
1993, remains a sacred COW despite a cost of
total. non-taxable income of an AmeriCorps
Mr. Speaker, I hope other Members will feel
$30,400 per "volunteer" and abundant evi-
"volunteer" exceeds the median income of
free to contact me if they are interested in de-
dence of waste and abuse.
workers in the private sector, including
Consider the facts. In 1993-1994 AmeriCorps
those with years of experience. The edu-
veloping similar programs in their districts.
had about 20,000 "volunteers" who the Clin-
cational benefits also exceed those available
Hopefully, bringing attention to the Home Run
ton administration promised would be work-
to veterans. In addition, at least $15,000 per
Reader Summer Reading Program will moti-
ing as teachers, doctors and police officers to
participant goes for overhead and adminis-
vate others to get involved at the local level to
help improve communities. The reality. how-
tration.
encourage young people to read and learn.
This "buller" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.
Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.
S5050
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
April 3, 1995
The central bank chief-that is, Alan
interest on debt and then we would
days later, the terrible California dis-
Greenspan-also linked last week's pro-
have a surplus.
aster described so eloquently is not
jection-now 2 weeks ago-of the bal-
I was speaking to a group of business
going to require the $6.7 billion it did
anced budget amendment by the Sen-
people today, and I said:
last week. Now they only require $5.4
ate with the latest troubles facing our
You remember when you went before the
billion. Never have I seen $1 billion
dollar.
loan officer and the loan officer said, "I am
saved quite so quickly.
The Secretary of the Treasury has
sorry: I can't loan you any more money be-
I had to ask myself why. Well, I soon
gone before the world to try to
cause of your financial statement." And you
discovered it is not that they really
strengthen the dollar, and the world
turned to the loan officer and said, "Well, if
want to save that money. Instead they
did not pay any attention. The Chair-
you just forget the interest payments I am
want to spend it on some of their and
man of the Federal Reserve said our
making to you, I would have a great finan-
cial statement." You know what the reac-
the President's favorite programs.
dollar has suffered from the failure to
tion of that loan officer would be.
Today, instead of setting the money
pass the balanced budget amendment
aside to help disaster victims, they
Mr. President, the world has taken
and it is destabilizing our currency.
want to raid a rainy day fund and
In deference to time, Mr. President, I
note of the, "I'm for a balanced budget
spend it on so-called volunteers or
but I am going to oppose. a balanced
am not going to read from the seven
throw more money at HUD, an agency
budget amendment. I am going to sub-
different economists who are defining
in the midst of its own financial and
mit budgets to the Congress and to the
the problem with:our currency as being
management disaster. It is no wonder
people with huge and unending defi-
directly related, as the Reuter's story
that many of my colleagues agree with
cits." And the quickest way we could
acknowledged, to our budget deficits;
the Congressional Budget Office's anal-
turn this around would: be for the
more importantly, to our unwillingness
ysis of what happens when a rainy day
President to call the leaders of this
to do anything about.it, to the defeat
fund for disasters is set up. I believe we
Senate and say, "Pass it."
of the balanced budget amendment and
ought to set money aside, but there are
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
to spiraling trade deficits.
some questions I have about setting it
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Last week, in front of Emory Univer-
up.
Chair recognizes the senior Senator
sity students in Atlanta, my home city
Let me quote from the disaster task
from Missouri.
and State, the President and this same
force report which was issued only 3
Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I thank the
Secretary tried to tell those students
weeks ago. I had the pleasure of serv-
Chair. I would like to-get back to what
and America that we really are operat-
ing with the distinguished Senator, Mr.
I believe' the business before us. Are
ing an operational surplus. I said at the
GLENN, from Ohio as co-chair of that
we on the Daschle amendment as
time that was not factual and, more
disaster task force.: We brought to-
amended by the Dole amendment?
important, it was harmful because by
gether all of the information on disas-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes, that
telling the. Nation we have an oper-
ters and asked the agencies-CBO,
is correct.
ational surplus, you are sapping the
GAO, CRS-about what we might do. In
Mr. BOND. I thank the Chair. It
will of this country to do the things it
that disaster task force report prepared
seems as if we have been at this for
needs to do.
by the agencies there was a very pro-
some time, and we have had some very
Mr. President, in light of these re-
phetic statement. Our report said:
enlightening discussions in otherareas,
ports about the falling dollar today, I
but this bill, which the distinguished
A tendency to spend accumulated funds
would like to call on the President of
might be a problem unless the law restricted
Senator from South Dakota seeks to
the types of disasters that would qualify.
the United States to change his mind
amend, is an extremely important one.
Policymakers could become tempted. to be
and call the Congress to pass a bal-
I spent some time last week presenting
more generous in relieving small disasters or
anced. budget amendment. That is one
the details of this measure and talking
to raid the fund for spending in other pro-
of the strongest actions; these state-
about reasons why it was necessary for.
grams.
ments before the world are not having
us to rescind budget authority and out-
Well, Mr. President, that kind of
an effect: The world saw us defeat the
lays for the coming year. Having made-
looks to me like what we had. Only 3
balanced budget amendment. The
those points, I do not want to make
weeks from. the report and days from:
world saw the President's budgets with
them again. I wish to instead focus on
the discussion of the rainy day fund
$200 billion deficits as far as the eye
some of the basic underlying assump-
the first raid is being attempted on dis-
can see. The world is watching us argue
tions in the Daschle amendment..
aster relief.
about these minimal cuts right here
You will recall that this bill as we re-
So let me tell my colleagues, if this
today. Mr. President, the President
ported it out of the Appropriations
is what we can expect, regular, system-
should call on the six Senators on the
Committee provides in the current
atic raids on the disaster relief fund to
other side. of the aisle that voted for-a
year and next year about $6.7 billion
pay for political goals, then I for one,
balanced budget amendment 1 year ago
for the California disaster relief effort.
this Senator. is not going to support
who changed their mind this year, who
The Daschle amendment cuts $1.3 bil-
any sort of rainy day fund.
participated in what is now happening
lion out of that.
What kind of discipline does this
to our currency worldwide. And the
Mr. President, I would have to say
show to the American people, that just
best short-term signal we could send to
what a difference a week makes, be-
days after arguing for a $6.7 billion
this world about our currency is that
cause last week we heard from our col-
rainy day disaster fund, the same peo-
we are going to stand up and pass a bal-
leagues on the other side of the aisle
ple now want to raid the fund for other
anced budget amendment and send it
that what we needed was an across-the-
purposes? How many families set aside
to the States for ratification.
board cut in all Federal agencies as an
funds for emergencies and then suc-
The Senators from New Mexico,
emergency step in order to pay for the
cessfully resist the temptation to raid
North Dakota, California, Kentucky,
terrible natural disasters which have
them? How many communities and
and South Carolina decided to vote
afflicted the country this past year, In
small businesses set aside funds and
against it this year. They voted for it
particular, we heard a very compelling
then successfully resist the temptation
last year. The President said he was for
argument from the Senator from Cali-
to just dip in a little more for some
a balanced budget "but." And I would
fornia about the tragedies in her State
reason? But not our colleagues here
suggest to you, Mr. President, that the
and the need to provide the money so
today. They view the disaster relief
world has taken more notice of the
that the residents of California would
fund as a honey pot which lets them
word "but" than any of the other
get their lives and communities back
avoid tough choices of where else to
things that are emanating from the ad-
together. Thus, they offered an amend-
cut in order to spend more on the pro-
ministration such as we really have an
ment to provide $6.7 billion in disaster
grams they like.
operational surplus.
funding and cut elsewhere across the
Instead of standing up and saying,
For Heaven sakes. By the way, the
board.
"We don't like your proposed spending
reason they calculated that was they
Today. it appears maybe they do not
cuts; here are ours to replace them,"
said you would not have to add in our
need all that money. Today, just a few
our friends on the other side of the
April 3, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S5051
aisle, once again show their colors on
sistance, and related activities. They
where our money is going. And, in par-
spending cuts. They say, "We want to
received $575 million in last year's ap-
ticular, I am concerned about the
spend first and worry about the deficit
propriation for the current fiscal year.
money going to AmeriCorps national
and the debt later on".
That is a 58-percent increase for an
direct programs.
Again, I go back to the prophetic
untested program. I have not seen any
Under the act, in 1993, there are three
words of the disaster relief task force.
increase of that level in any other dis-
different ways that you can receive
In that report the agency said:
cretionary program. At a time when we
funds. One-third of the funds are avail-
Requiring the Congress to cut spending
are running budget deficits of hundreds
able to States according to a popu-
and other programs would raise the political
of billions of dollars each year on top
lation-based formula. The States then
cost of providing disaster relief. Now, in-
of a debt load of $4.8 trillion, we just
creases in disaster relief increase the budget
choose which programs receive funds.
cannot afford the increase.
deficit, which may impede economic growth
Another third of the funds are distrib-
over the long term. But the effects on the
This rescission will not affect any
uted to programs that are first selected
standard of living of future generations have
programs now in operation. The fiscal
by the States and then submitted to
far less direct influence on political deci-
year 1995 funds are not scheduled to be
the corporation for competitive consid-
sions than having to cut programs this year
spent until the start of the school year
eration. The final third of the funds for
or next year.
in September 1995. So we will not have
AmeriCorps are distributed directly to
No wonder our debt is nearly $5 tril-
to stop work that is now going on. We
the National Service Corporation to
lion. No wonder the President's budget
are simply proposing that the amount
programs operated by national non-
thought it would be OK to leave the
available to the programs scheduled to
deficit at $200 billion a year for the
begin this fall be the same as for those
profit organizations, programs operat-
that began last fall.
ing in more than one State, and to Fed-
next 5 years, adding another $1 trillion
to our national debt. This is a debt, Mr.
Under the Senate bill, none of the
eral agencies. I would like to focus the
volunteers-or, actually, employees—
attention of my colleagues on some of
President, that threatens our economic
currently serving will be affected. The
these programs.
stability.
Our distinguished colleague from
program would remain at the same
I think America would be surprised
Georgia has already spoken about what
level. The corporation could still in-
to learn where fully one-third of the
crease the number of those it hires and
funds for AmeriCorps is actually going.
judgment the international financial
chooses to fund in State and local pro-
I venture to guess that most Ameri-
markets are passing on the value of the
grams next year by reallocating the
cans believe that money in this pot is
dollar. And it is because we just do not
seem to be too concerned about adding
money provided.
going to help support the efforts of
another little $1 trillion to our na-
For instance, the corporation is now
some well-established, reputable, main-
tional debt.
spending $32 million on innovation,
stream volunteer organizations that we
Well, Mr. President, I think it is very
demonstration and assistance activi-
have all come to know and rely on. We
serious for our economy and it is very
ties, which includes training and tech-
would expect, Mr. President, the fund-
serious for our children and grand-
nical assistance for AmeriCorps pro-
ing would go to the Red Cross, the Girl
children who are going to be carrying
grams. Presumably, most not-for-prof-
Scouts, Boys and Girls Clubs, Big
the burden of that debt on their credit
its that receive funds are already expe-
Brothers and Big Sisters, and the 4-H;
card.
rienced themselves in training new em-
that they would be the ones receiving
Let me speak about one particular
ployees and providing services. And
funds from that source. That certainly
aspect of "the Daschle amendment. I
many. of them are working with true
was my expectation.
want to focus on that for, I hope, the
volunteers.
Needless to say, I was surprised to
enlightenment, perhaps, of my col-
The corporation also spent $3 million
learn that is not where the money is
leagues. But maybe they all know it.
this year on planning grants. Now,
going. So I asked, and the Corporation
I want to focus on the proposal to re-
those do not fund a single new position,
for National Service provided me, with
store national service funding. I be-
but simply allow an organization to
a list of all applicants in the "National
lieve this issue highlights the fun-
plan how they will use volunteers in
Direct" program for 1994, as well as a
damental differences between those
the future. And, both the National
list of those groups that receive fund-
who would shrink Government and
Service Corporation and the State
ing.
those who still believe in business as
commissions spend a good deal of
I have made a chart of some of the
usual.
money on public relations and recruit-
examples that we have found. I think
The bill before us proposed a cut of
ment of volunteers-read "employees."
they will-be illustrative.
$210 million to bring AmeriCorps and
I would argue that we can do less of
All of these groups applied for
other new programs authorized by the
that since the program is now well es-
"AmeriCorps Direct" awards for fiscal
1993 National and Community Service
tablished, if it is continued, and it is
year 1994, as well as many other
Act back to the fiscal year 1994 level.
well known.
groups. This is not the exclusive list.
The fiscal year 1995 appropriation for
In addition, the corporation awarded
Here is the list of who was funded
this year was $575 million; the rescis-
more than $14 million to Federal agen-
and this is a partial list of those who
sion currently in the bill would bring
cies this year, nearly 10 percent of the
were not funded. Many well-estab-
that funding level back to $365 million.
total amount available for AmeriCorps
lished, reputable, and noncontroversial
The National Service Corporation had
grants. Why are we padding the Fed-
voluntary organizations did not receive
hoped to have 33,000 volunteers en-
eral payroll with paid, they call them,
funds. But look at the list of those who
rolled by the end of fiscal year 1995.
volunteers-I call them employees-at,
did receive funds, in addition to those
The bill before us, as reported out of
the same time the administration
that are Federal agencies. Can you say
committee, would keep the number of
claims it is downsizing the civil serv-
"politically correct"?
volunteers-and I say "volunteers" in
ice?
Take a look at what we funded. This
quotes-at about 20,000. I urge my col-
We cut it on one hand, but we call
was our volunteer money. We are
leagues to vote against the Daschle
them volunteers and we spend $14 mil-
downsizing the civil service, cutting
amendment for the additional reason
lion hiring them on the other hand. I
the Federal Government, getting rid of
because I do not believe the increase in
think there is a good deal of room to
employees.
funds for AmeriCorps is justified.
make cuts in these areas if the cor-
So why is the money going to hire
The cut we have proposed is legiti-
poration wants to increase the number
people in the Department of Agri-
mate. We are not gutting the program,
of those serving in State and local pro-
culture, the Department of Energy. the
as some have suggested. The corpora-
grams, under the bill.
Department of the Interior, the De-
tion actually received a huge increase
I remain a great skeptic of the pro-
partment of Justice, the Department of
for the current fiscal year over the fis-
gram. I am looking forward to conduct-
Labor, the Department of Transpor-
cal year 1994 level. They had $365 mil-
ing oversight hearings, which we will
tation. the Environmental Protection
lion in fiscal year 1994 for AmeriCorps
have in our subcommittee during the
Agency, and the Department of Veter-
grants, education awards, technical as-
next few months, to determine exactly
ans Affairs?
S5052
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
April 3, 1995
Sounds like a good way to cut the
the volunteer work is actually being
agencies is a stark and compelling con-
civil service. If you get a program. call
done, where people volunteer their
trast. To think that the Future Farm-
it a "volunteer" program and use it to
time and their resources, that the deci-
ers of America applied and were turned
fund these.
sionmaking occurs, that is where deci-
down when the Department of Agri-
And then there are others, ACORN
sions to fund the Federal Departments
culture was funded; to think that the
Housing. Legal Services Corporation,
and those agencies which carry out the
4-H Council applied and was turned
National Endowment for the Arts, Na-
politically correct goals happen.
down while the Department of Energy
tional Community AIDS Partnership.
I suggest that the funding decisions
was funded; to think that the Depart-
These are the programs being funded
of the national corporation may not re-
ments of Interior, Justice, and Labor
by the AmeriCorps direct funding pro-
flect the priorities of American people.
were successful applicants when no
gram.
I have not examined the decision of the
"volunteers" were provided to the Girl
These are some of the ones that are
State commissions sufficiently to be
Scouts or the American Red Cross. In
not funded, and somehow it strikes me
able to comment on those. We will ex-
my mind, and I think my good friend
as passing curious that they chose not
plore those in the VA, HUD Appropria-
would agree, this reflects very poorly
to fund the Future Farmers of Amer-
tions Subcommittee during our fiscal
on the character and quality of the
ica, the National 4-H Council, the Girl
1996 oversight hearings.
AmeriCorp Program.
Scouts of America, the American Red
But for the purposes of the discussion
Mr. President, we are not talking
Cross, Big Brother/Big Sisters, Boys
of the Daschle amendment, I abso-
about rescinding Federal money in a
and Girls Clubs, National Audubon So-
lutely do not believe we should restore
vacuum. I believe this entire debate
ciety, Appalachian Mountain Club,
funding for the Corporation for Na-
must be placed in the context of Amer-
American Library Association, United
tional Service. In fact, considering
ica's financial condition. The American
Negro College Fund, United Way of
some of the other tough decisions we
people are alarmed at a $4.8 trillion
America, and United Cerebral Palsy
have made, there is room for further
debt. Last November, they said "It is
Association.
cuts. We are only bringing the program
time to stop this out of control spend-
I have had an opportunity to work
back to the 1994 level. Based on what I
ing, and put our fiscal house in order."
with many of these fine organizations,
described, I believe that is overly gen-
In family budgeting, what father or
and when you are talking about volun-
erous.
mother would say, "Even though we
teers, this is where I think you need
For these reasons, I urge my col-
are $72,000 in debt, business as usual
support, if you need support, to get
leagues to turn down the Daschle
will suffice." Despite our massive debt
people who are actually doing volun-
amendment. The Daschle amendment
and rising deficits, Bill Clinton has
teer work.
has one provision which has been called
suggested just that. The President has
Mr. SANTORUM. Will the Senator
to our attention by Senator INOUYE,
projected $200-billion-a-year deficits for
yield?
the problem with funding for Indian
as far as the eye can see. Mr. President,
Mr. BOND. Yes.
housing. I have been working with Sen-
this type of unrestrained spending
Mr. SANTORIIM. Are those not fund-
ator INOUYE and his staff. I believe we
must stop.
ed? Did they apply for grants and were
can accommodate the needs of Senator
So, I rise today in support of the ma-
refused?
INOUYE for the Indian housing.
jority leader's amendment. If enacted,
Mr. BOND. These are agencies all of
I think we need to take special rec-
this package would significantly de-
which applied. "Funded" are the ones
ognition of the problems which may
crease discretionary spending for this
which were funded by the AmeriCorps
arise there at a later time in the dis-
fiscal year. More importantly, it would
direct program. The ones "Not Fund-
cussion of this bill when we have an
achieve that end by attacking non-es-
ed" are the ones I just read, beginning
amendment, however we work it out
sential
government
services.
with the Future Farmers of America.
with Senator INOUYE, who has been a
AmeriCorp, which I discussed earlier, is
Mr. SANTORUM. That is amazing.
leader on this, and Senator MCCAIN.
a perfect example. This so-called vol-
Mr. BOND. That is exactly my point.
We will attempt to work out a good
unteer program, which costs $30,400 per
I do not believe that the priorities cho-
compromise to make sure that the cuts
participant per year, is not a volunteer
sen by the National Service Corps are
do not fall unnecessarily heavily on
program at all. It is a way of paying in-
the priorities of the American people.
our native Americans. I will discuss
dividuals to do things that people al-
Americans do choose where they give
the particular needs of that program.
ready do.
their time voluntarily. We know where
That, too, is included in the Daschle
Mr. President, out of the $30,000 used
people want to give and work as volun-
amendment.
to support each volunteer in this pro-
teers. Over 80 million Americans
But the main point of the Daschle
gram, $15,000 goes to administration
choose to donate unpaid time to chari-
amendment is to cut $1.3 billion from
and overhead costs. That means that
table volunteer work each week and
what was described last week by my
this is really just a program to support
they choose their churches, their
colleagues on the other side of the aisle
the Federal bureaucracy. Then, when
schools, their hospitals, the Red Cross,
as "critically needed, vitally impor-
you think of the rest of the money-
the Girl Scouts, the Big Brother/Big
tant, let's-do-it-now emergency relief"
the $15,400 that is left over for the vol-
Sisters. They do not choose to donate
so we can go back and spend money on
unteer after you have paid the $15,000
their time to the Environmental Pro-
HUD, which is already spending too
for overhead and costs-you have to
tection Agency, the Department of
much money, on the National Service
understand that 20 percent of all of
Transportation, or the Department of
Corporation, the AmeriCorps direct
those volunteers are working in the
Labor.
dollars, which are keeping all those
Departments of Agriculture, Energy,
I think the American people might
wonderful people employed at Federal
Labor, the Environmental Protection
well be shocked to learn that these
agencies.
Agency, or the National Endowment
Federal agencies were chosen over
Mr. President, I just do not believe
for the Arts.
other well-known, well-established and
we need to restore those cuts. So I urge
AmeriCorps. It sounds like you ought
much respected volunteer organiza-
my colleagues not to accept the
to stand up and salute. The truth is
tions which were turned down.
Daschle amendment.
that the American people ought to
I am sure that if you go back to the
I yield the floor.
stand up and grab their wallets because
State programs, my colleagues will un-
Mr. ASHCROFT addressed the Chair.
it represents a raid on their resources.
doubtedly show me examples of Girl
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
And not just the American people, but
Scouts and Red Cross programs funded
Chair recognizes the junior Senator
also the yet unearned wages of genera-
through the State commissions, one of
from Missouri.
tions to come.
two sources of funding, but that is not
Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, I
Mr. President. we hear over and over
the area of national priorities. The cor-
want to commend the senior Senator
again from the Democrat party that we
poration has clearly chosen not to fund
from Missouri for an outstanding pres-
have to save the children. Well, let us
those groups. The further away from
entation. The juxtaposition of the
save them from bankruptcy. Let us
States and local communities where
funded agencies and the volunteer
practice a little responsibility. The
March 8, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
2889
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
use of punitive damages in either one
ensued, and it was very interesting to
previous order of the House, the gen-
of those cases, but rather the more ap-
go over many different articles in the
tleman from Texas [Mr. GREEN] is rec-
propriate remedies of putting these
Nation's press.
ognized for 5 minutes.
people in jail.
One article, however, we failed to get
[Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas ad-
Mr. Speaker. I would now like to talk
to, and I would bring to your attention.
dressed the House. His remarks will ap-
about the Committee on Agriculture,
Mr. Speaker, and indeed the attention
pear hereafter in the Extensions of Re-
on which I serve.
of the American people. on the edi-
marks.]
Last night, the House Agriculture
torial page of the Wall Street Journal,
Committee passed H.R. 1135, the Food
an article entitled "Protest, Washing-
Stamp Program and Commodity Dis-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
ton Style." Quoting from the article
tribution Act.
previous order of the House, the gen-
now:
This legislation is a big first step in
tleman from Georgia [Mr. KINGSTON] is
Newt Gingrich and other speakers were
the direction of real welfare reform.
recognized for 5 minutes.
prevented from addressing the National As-
For 2 years now, Americans have
sociation of Counties in Washington on Mon-
[Mr. KINGSTON addressed the House.
been waiting for the current adminis-
day after 500 shouting protesters invaded the
His remarks will appear hereafter in
tration to end welfare as we know it.
hotel ballroom and used megaphones to call
the Extensions of Remarks.]
Last night, that process began.
for higher school lunch funding. Many of the
What this legislation will do is give
protesters had been bused in from out of
that States the choice to determine
town, prompting Mr. Gingrich to ask some
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
pointed questions. Why weren't they at
previous order of the House, the gentle-
how they want to run their Food
work? Who are they? Who paid them? Well,
woman from North Carolina [Mrs.
Stamp Program.
it turns out the protest was organized by the
CLAYTON] is recognized for 5 minutes.
One of the most important aspects of
left wing activist group, ACORN, a frequent
this legislation is that it would require
[Mrs. CLAYTON addressed the House.
recipient of Federal and state grants.
food stamp recipients must work to be
The Washington Times reports that 42 par-
Her remarks will appear hereafter in
eligible to receive food stamps.
ticipants in President Clinton's new national
the Extensions of Remarks.]
The hard-working taxpayers of my
service program are working for ACRON at a
district in Tennessee would agree that
cost to taxpayers of more than $1.1 million.
if an able-bodied person is going to re-
Several operate out of ACORN's Washington,
SUPPORT FOOD STAMP PROGRAM
AND COMMODITY DISTRIBUTION
ceive food stamps, then they should be
D.C. offices. We may never know if federally
funded 'volunteers' helped ruin meetings for
ACT
required to work to receive them.
2,000 county officials. but we hope Congress
It simply is not fair to stay on the
plans some oversight hearings on the groups
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
rolls and make no effort to better one's
involved in Mr. Clinton's service program.
previous order of the House, the gen-
self and try to become a productive,
tleman from Tennessee [Mr. BRYANT] is
tax paying citizen of society.
2300
recognized for 5 minutes.
Another important part of this legis-
It was interesting today, Mr. Speak-
Mr. BRYANT of Tennessee. Mr.
lation is that it contains stiffer pen-
er. to see yet more protesters arrive
Speaker, I would like to talk about
alties for those caught abusing food
here on Capitol Hill. And I find it espe-
something we did last night on the
stamps.
cially interesting that it appears that
Agriculture on which I
The Federal Government will now be
some of these protesters are subsidized
serve, but first, before I get into that,
allowed to seize property and proceeds
with tax money from you and me and
I would like to address briefly some of
from illegal food stamp traffickers
from the American people, so now we
the have heard on the debate
without having to go through moun-
have really reached a new low in the
this evening concerning the tort re-
tains of red tape.
concept of protest.
form bill, and particularly the punitive
As a former U.S. attorney. I once
And please don't misunderstand. I
damages aspect of that bill, the claims
prosecuted an individual who tried to
uphold the first amendment and ap-
being made on one side that sexual
purchase a vehicle with food stamps.
plaud the first amendment, and cer-
predators and drug dealers will no
So I know firsthand that we must
tainly people have a right to peaceably
longer be subject to punitive damages.
crack down hard on waste, fraud, and
assemble and petition the Government
Certainly as an emotional issue as
abuse in the Food Stamp Program.
for redress of grievances. But the prob-
this type of conduct, these types of
Mr. Speaker, the welfare reform
lem comes as certainly there is a cloud
conduct are, I wanted to clarify from
process has indeed begun.
of suspicion that what we have now are
my viewpoint and from my experience
The welfare system of the past and
protesters subsidized with tax money
as a civil attorney for about 20 years.
present has been a tragic failure.
here to champion the tired old policies
which included about 2 years as a U.S.
It has encouraged dependency, dis-
of the past.
attorney as a Federal prosecutor, my
couraged self-reliance, and created a
And what is even more true, and I
experience in the area of punitive dam-
burden for those of us who choose to be
will come back to this fact until the
ages and this type of conduct which I
productive.
American people have it clear in their
find was not really connected.
Only until our welfare system en-
minds, all this talk about cutting the
I never saw, in my experience, a sex-
courages work and self-dependence will
school lunch programs, about cutting
ual predator suit in civil court, but
it be truly beneficial to society.
the Federal nutrition programs, can
rather the more likely remedy the law
H.R. 1135 will do this.
only be characterized as false.
has there is a criminal prosecution, the
I urge my colleagues to support H.R.
Again, the numbers speak for them-
aggressive criminal prosecution of peo-
1135 when it comes to this Chamber for
selves. This new Republican majority
ple who sexually pray on children.
consideration.
is willing to fund these programs $200
Likewise with drug dealers. what we
million in excess of what President
come out there with drug dealers is
Clinton has called for this year. And
they are arrested and prosecuted under
DISCUSSION ON NEWSPAPER
moreover, we called for increases of 4.5
the criminal law, not suing them civ-
STORIES
percent.
illy. where we put these types of people
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
Now the guardians of the old order
in jail for their conduct. Certainly in
previous order of the House, the gen-
bankrupt of any new ideas come here
the area of drug dealers' civil forfeit-
tleman from Arizona [Mr. HAYWORTH]
and march to the will of this House and
ure, that was available to us as pros-
is recognized for 5 minutes.
say, No. no, those are cuts. Again. only
ecutors, to seize the ill-gotten gains
Mr HAYWORTH. Mr. Speaker, ear-
in Washington can it be considered a
that these people had, their assets,
lier today it was my privilege to appear
cut when you reduce a future planned
their homes and cars, things that were
on C-SPAN with one of our colleagues
increase.
gained through the sale of drugs. It was
on the other side of the aisle from Illi-
My friends on the other side are
certainly valid forfeitures. But not
nois to discuss the morning news-
upset because the increase will not be
again in my experience have I seen the
papers. and a rather lively discussion
5.1 percent. Instead, the increase is
H2890
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 8, 1995
only 4.5 percent. But I would ask,
[Mr. OWENS addressed the House.
Mr. TALENT for 5 minutes on March 9
amidst all of these allegations. amidst
His remarks will appear hereafter in
and 15.
the misreading of numbers, amidst this
the Extensions of Remarks.]
Mr. HAYWORTH for 5 minutes, today.
phantom number of $7 billion with
Mr. KINGSTON for 5 minutes, today.
imaginary money that is not even
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
Mr. BRYANT of Tennessee for 5 min-
there, who has been harmed?
the Speaker's announced policy of Jan-
utes, today.
We-know who has been scared. Name
uary 4. 1995, the gentleman from Flor-
for me the school children, show me
ida [Mr. SCARBOROUGH] is recognized
the schools that are being deprived of
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
for 60 minutes as the designee of the
lunches. They are not there. Again, it
majority leader.
By unanimous consent, permission to
is the policy of this new majority to
[Mr. SCARBOROUGH addressed the
revise and extend remarks was granted
empower people, to enfranchise people
to:
House. His remarks will appear here-
and not to hold down people in the
after in the Extensions of Remarks.]
(The following Members (at the re-
form of a permanent underclass but to
quest of Ms. JACKSON-LEE) and to in-
truly feed the needy and to give the op-
clude extraneous matter:)
portunities to feed the needy in the
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
Mrs. MEEK of Florida.
classrooms, the people who really need
the Speaker's announced policy of Jan-
Mr. KILDEE.
it, to have that opportunity at the
uary 4, 1995, the gentleman from Cali-
Mr. FOGLIETTA.
local level. But the money is not being
fornia [Mr. BECERRA] is recognized for
Mrs. SCHROEDER.
taken away.
60 minutes as the designee of the mi-
Mr. UNDERWOOD.
And with reference to people coming
nority leader.
Mr. MENENDEZ.
to lobby us, to come to see us, I
[Mr. BECERRA addressed the House.
Mr. DEAL of Georgia.
thought it was very interesting that in
His remarks will appear hereafter in
Ms. ESHOO.
previous weeks folks would come
the Extensions of Remarks.]
Mr. FILNER
bringing cut-out dolls of this nature
Mr. SANDERS.
and they would list names of very, very
Mr. STOKES.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
small children. Now, look, it is obvious
Mr. ROMERO-BARCELÓ.
previous order of the House, the gen-
a 3-year-old, precocious though she
Mr. TRAFICANT.
tleman from California [Mr. DORNAN] is
might be, did not assemble this doll.
Ms. LOFGREN.
recognized for 60 minutes.
This was something done by adults,
(The following Members (at the re-
from government bureaucrats who
[Mr. DORNAN addressed the House.
quest of Mr. TIAHRT) and to include ex-
have paid money into political action
His remarks will appear hereafter in
traneous matter:)
committees that have funded the tired
the Extensions of Remarks.]
Mr. CRAPO.
old order 10 to 1 over Republicans. That
Mr. SMITH of New Jersey.
is part of the problem. That is the real
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
Mr. GOODLING.
story. That is what we will move to
Mr: GALLEGLY.
correct.
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
Mr. GOODLATTE.
sence was granted to:
Mr. PACKARD in two instances.
Mr. BILBRAY (at the request of Mr.
Mr. BLILEY.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
ARMEY) after 3:30 p.m. today, on ac-
Mr. FIELDS of Texas.
DICKEY). Under a previous order of the
count of illness.
Mr. BAKER of California.
House, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
Mr. UNDERWOOD (at the request of
Mr. STUMP.
STOKES] is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. GEPHARDT) for today and the bal-
Mr. PORTER.
[Mr. STOKES addressed the House.
ance of the week, on account of official
Mr. FOLEY in four instances.
His remarks will appear hereafter in
business in the district.
Mr. RAMSTAD.
the Extensions of Remarks.]
Mr. DAVIS.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
Mr. EMERSON.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
Mr. SHAW.
By unanimous consent, permission to
previous order of the House, the gen-
Mr. SOLOMON.
address the House, following the legis-
tleman from Maryland [Mr. HOYER] is
Mr. CHRISTENSEN.
lative program and any special orders
recognized for 5 minutes.
heretofore entered, was granted to:
[Mr. HOYER addressed the House. His
ADJOURNMENT
(The following Members (at the re-
remarks will appear hereafter in the
quest of Ms. JACKSON-LEE) to revise
Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I
Extensions of Remarks.]
and extend their remarks and include
move that the House do now adjourn.
extraneous material:)
The motion was agreed to; accord-
Mr. WYNN, for 5 minutes, today.
ingly (at 11 o'clock and 5 minutes
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
Mr. GUTIERREZ, for 5 minutes, today.
p.m.), the House adjourned until to-
previous order of the House, the gen-
Ms. WOOLSEY, for 5 minutes, today.
morrow, Thursday, March 9, 1995, at 10
tleman from Virginia [Mr. SCOTT] is
Mr. REED, for 5 minutes, today.
a.m.
recognized for 5 minutes.
Mrs. LOWEY, for 5 minutes, today.
[Mr. SCOTT addressed the House. His
Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas, for 5 min-
remarks will appear hereafter in the
utes, today.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNCIATIONS,
Extensions of Remarks.]
Mrs. CLAYTON, for 5 minutes, today.
ETC.
Mr. STOKES, for 5 minutes today., for
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
5 minutes, today.
tive communications were taken from
previous order of the House, the gentle-
Mr. HOYER, for 5 minutes, today.
the Speaker's table and referred as fol-
woman from Ohio [Ms. KAPTUR] is rec-
Mr. SCOTT, for 5 minutes, today.
lows:
ognized for 5 minutes.
Ms. KAPTUR, for 5 minutes, today.
493. A letter from the Director of Legisla-
Mr. OWENS, for 5 minutes, today.
tive Affairs, Equal Employment Opportunity
[Ms. KAPTUR addressed the House.
(The following Members (at the re-
Commission. transmitting the Commission's
Her remarks will appear hereafter in
the Extensions of Remarks.]
quest of Mr. TIAHRT) to revise and ex-
fiscal year 1994 annual report on the oper-
tend their remarks and include extra-
ations of the Office of General Counsel, pur-
neous material:)
suant to 42 U.S.C. 2000e-4(e); to the Commit-
tee on Economic and Educational Opportuni-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
Mr. TIAHRT, for 5 minutes, today.
ties.
previous order of the House, the gen-
Mr. ENSIGN, for 5 minutes, today.
494. A letter from the President, U.S. En-
tleman from New York [Mr. OWENS] is
Mr. BATEMAN for 5 minutes on March
richment Corporation. transmitting the Cor-
recognized for 5 minutes.
13, 14, and 15.
poration's annual report for fiscal year 1994,
February 2, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- Extensions of Remarks
E257
The HEAP Act would allow parents to de-
'PAID VOLUNTEERISM": AN OXY-
In 1992 candidate Clinton endorsed increas-
posit up to $5,000 per child each year in a col-
MORONIC IDEA
ing the minimum wage. During 1993 and 1994.
lege savings account with a maximum allow-
when he had a congressional majority that
able deduction of $15,000 per year. When
HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON
would have done it, he did not ask for it, pri-
money is withdrawn from a HEAP account for
marily because some sensible Democrats
OF NEW YORK
told him it was a dumb idea. Al From. head
education purposes, one-tenth of that amount
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
of the centrist Democratic Leadership Coun-
would be included in the gross income of the
Thursday, February 2, 1995
cil, which once advertised Clinton as a New
beneficiary for tax purposes over a 10-year
period. The legislation also includes a 10-per-
Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I commend
Democrat, says of the minimum wage pro-
posal: "It's anachronistic, it's a loser, it's
George Will's article in the Saturday, January
cent penalty for money withdrawn from a
got no bite with the middle class. And it
28th edition of the Washington Post for your
screams old Democrat."
HEAP account for purposes other than paying
attention:
Now that there is a Congress that Clinton
for higher education.
Two LIBERAL LOSERS
knows will not enact an increase, he calls it
Mr. Speaker, this legislation provides a
(George F Will)
urgent. However, during Tuesday night's
HEAP of relief for middle class families who
President Clinton's turbid State of the
oration, when he was pitilessly detailed
are often not eligible for low-interest student
Union address was a metaphor for modern
about almost everything, he remained reti-
loans and other Government aid. By encour-
government-sprawling. metastasizing, un-
cent about how much the minimum wage
aging these families to save for their children,
disciplined. approaching self-parody. It un-
should be increased. Leaving aside the
derscored the fact that his administration
unwisdom of government telling employers
we help give future generations access to all
what to pay employees, it is generally true
the advantages of higher education. I urge my
now is politically almost harmless, but is aes-
thetically excruciating.
that when you increase the cost of some-
colleagues to support the HEAP Act and pay
The address was heavily larded-exactly
thing, people buy less of it. There is evidence
tribute to those who shaped this worthy legis-
the right word, that-with semi-conservative
that is true of labor at the low end of the
lation.
words about cutting taxes, spending and reg-
wage scale.
ulations. However, regarding two matters
The first federal minimum wage-25 cents
Clinton considers crucial-the American
an hour-was enacted in 1938. Since then. the
Corps "national service" program and the
longest time between increases was from 1981
ISRAEL H. MILTON HONORED
minimum wage-the address was half-baked
to 1990. During that span, teenage unemploy-
and half-hearted liberalism.
ment (teenagers are a third of all minimum
AmeriCorpos, says Clinton, will revive
wage earners) fell from 23.2 percent to 15.5
HON. CARRIE P. MEEK
American volunteerism. The approximately
percent, and black teenage unemployment
80 million Americans who volunteer their
fell from 48 percent to 31 percent. Then the
OF FLORIDA
time to religious and civic organizations
forces of compassion struck, raising the min-
may wonder who needs reviving and how
imum wage twice, in 1990 and 1991. In 1992
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
much it matters whether AmeriCorps even-
teenage unemployment went up to 20 per-
tually produces 100,000 more volunteers.
cent.
Thursday, February 2, 1995
Today 2.9 million of America's 80 million
Now, it is problematic establishing causa-
Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Speaker, next
volunteers are ages 18 to 25, the ages of
tion for any phenomenon as complex and
AmeriCorps "volunteers."
varied as joblessness. And some studies. in-
week Israel H. Milton, the Assistant Dade
To Americans who use the English lan-
cluding one by associates of the current sec-
County Manager responsible for human serv-
guage to communicate thoughts rather than
retary of labor, purport to show that the
ices programs, will retire from our county gov-
parody them. the use of the word "volun-
minimum wage can be increased somewhat
ernment. I want to join with his many friends
teer" in connection with AmeriCorps' re-
without increasing unemployment. However.
and admirers throughout our entire community
cruits must seem like the latest redundant
the question is academic because a former
in extending to him our thanks for his out-
evidence that Washington is stark raving
academic-Rep. Dick Armey, the ex-profes-
mad. To plain-speaking Americans, a volun-
sor of economics who now is majority lead-
standing service and our congratulations for a
teer is someone who contributes his or her
er-says he will oppose an increase "with
job well done.
unpaid labor. Clinton's "volunteers" will be
every fiber of my being," and he will have
Israel Milton is a public servant in the very
paid a $7,400 annual stipend, plus $9,450 worth
much company.
highest and best sense of the word. He is a
of college expenses over two years. And this
But this is of more than academic interest:
veteran of more than three decades hard work
is not all that Clinton's little puddle of gov-
The minimum wage is now $4.25 an hour.
ernment-manufactured "volunteers"-little
Clinton is said to be thinking about seeking
and achievement in the area of social serv-
relative to the 80 million true volunteers
$5 an hour. The New Citizenship Project cal-
ices.
who need neither financial incentives from,
culates that AmeriCorps "volunteers" earn
Never one to shy away from difficult assign-
nor organization by, government-will cost
more than $7 an hour.
ments, Israel Milton began his career in Dade
taxpayers.
County in 1967 as a social services adminis-
In addition to the health and childcare en-
trator at the Kendall Children's Home. He also
titlements for AmeriCorps members, and
SALUTE TO CHICAGO ATTORNEY
AmeriCorps' Washington bureaucracy,
AND FORMER ALDERMAN LEON
served as director of the Office of Neighbor-
money is spent to locate "volunteers" to
hood Service Centers and director of the
DESPRES, ON THE OCCASION OF
take AmeriCorps money. The Omaha World-
HIS 87TH BIRTHDAY
Model Cities Program; became director of the
Herald says that AmeriCorps gave Nebras-
Department of Human Resources in 1982; and
ka's state government a $457,622 grant to re-
cruit 23 AmeriCorps members. That $19,896.60
HON. BOBBY L. RUSH
rose to assistant county manager in 1992.
The talents and judgment he brought to
per recruit calls into question the effective-
OF ILLINOIS
ness of the $1.7 million AmeriCorps paid a
these jobs and the breadth and depth of his
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Washington PR firm for national advertis-
experience will be sorely missed; people of his
ing.
Thursday, February 2, 1995
calibre are not easily replaced. He has always
According to the New Citizenship Project.
Mr. RUSH. Mr. Speaker, I rise this afternoon
been accessible to the people of our commu-
a
conservative advocacy group, of
nity, constantly working to provide quality serv-
AmeriCorps' first 20,000 "volunteers," 1,200
to salute a gentleman who is a Chicago insti-
ices and a better life for all our citizens.
are working for agencies of the federal gov-
tution and a lifelong friend of the underdog
ernment. The New Citizenship Project warns
and of the working Chicagoan. Leon Despres,
Israel Milton is a graduate of Dorsey High
that AmeriCorps is ripe for politicization,
who turns 87 years young today, played a cru-
School in Miami and Bethune-Cookman Col-
citing a Washington Monthly report that a
cial role in the Chicago City Council during the
lege. He received his Master's Degree in so-
1993 pilot project became an exercise in iden-
senior Richard Daley's tenure as major of Chi-
cial work from Atlanta University.
tity politics and political correctness, devel-
cago. This role, that of the loyal and principled
Mr. Speaker, I want to extend my best wish-
oping ethnic and homosexual caucuses. And
opposition, is one that my Democratic col-
the Los Angeles Times reported that a 1994
es to Israel Milton and to his wife, Thelma Mil-
pilot project in San Francisco used its "vol-
leagues and I are growing to appreciate more
ton. Our community thanks you for your serv-
unteers" to protest "three-strikes-and-
and more as we settle into our new roles in
ice and for the contribution you have made to
you're-out" crime legislation."
the 104th Congress. Unfortunately, I did not
the lives of so many people.
Clinton calls AmeriCorps the achievement
have the honor of serving in the Chicago City
"I would say I was most proud of." No mini-
Council during the 20 years that Mr. Despres
mum wage increase will be rival for that
served there. However, he served as Par-
title.
liamentarian of that body under the late, great
January 17, 1995
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
S975
Senate bill 1. This is about a process so
As many of my colleagues know, I
in Philadelphia is, unfortunately. not
that we can finally start casting votes
spent several months investigating this
an anomaly. AmeriCorps has already
around here based upon information
whole matter. and I continue to review
provided me with many, many grants
before the act instead of after the act.
and will continue to review for a long
where the costs will be over $40,000 per
Therefore, Mr. President. with all
time into- the future the merits of
year per job.
due respect, I now move to table the
AmeriCorps. There has been bipartisan
I am very pleased to announce to my
amendment and I ask for the yeas and
criticism of this program and this con-
colleagues today that the General Ac-
nays.
cept of so-called voluntarism.
counting Office has agreed to my re-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a
This administration seems to have
quest made in behalf of myself and
sufficient second?
learned nothing from its recent efforts
Senator MIKULSKI to initiate an inves-
There is a sufficient second.
to force a top-down solution to pro-
Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I suggest
grams, for instance, like health care.
tigation into the actual costs of
the absence of a quorum.
The American people rejected at the
AmeriCorps. I am confident that the
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
ballot box last November a bureau-
GAO investigation into AmeriCorps
clerk will call the roll.
cratic solution that the administration
will help us all be better informed
The legislative clerk proceeded to
had for health care reform.
about the tremendous costs of this pro-
call the roll.
Now the administration believes the
gram.
Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I ask
answer to voluntarism is to have it
As I read reports on the President's
unanimous consent that the order for
driven from the top down. They want
remarks, he intends to draw a line in
the quorum call be rescinded.
to bureaucratize voluntarism. In
the sand on this program. He intends to
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
health care reform, they wanted to
use this program to delineate the two
objection? Without objection, it is so
make the choice for each citizen's
political parties. I welcome this chal-
ordered.
health care. In this program, they want
lenge because I believe the American
Mr. GLENN. Mr. President. under the
to make the moral choice for each vol-
people just repudiated the approach ex-
previous order, I believe it was agreed
unteer, and they want to pay him for
emplified by the AmeriCorps Program.
that we would go out for our recess for
that.
Just as they did not want to have a
the respective party conferences at
That subverts the concept of volunta-
top-down bureaucratic solution on
12:30. The hour of 12:30 having arrived,
rism, in my view. It turns the notion of
health care reform, they cannot fath-
is it the Chair's opinion we should re-
voluntarism on its head. Nevertheless,
cess?
the administration wants to go forward
om the same approach to voluntarism.
Mr. GRASSLEY addressed the Chair.
despite the fact that 1.9 million Ameri-
The American people do not want
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under
cans are already volunteering on their
Government to make their moral
the previous order, the Chair will re-
own and doing it without pay and they
choices for them. They do not want
cess.
are doing it all over the United States
Government telling them for whom
Mr. GLENN. The hour of 12:30 having
because they are doing it by making
they should and should not volunteer,
arrived. are we in recess now then, or
their own moral choices within their
and they certainly can see through the
does the Chair propose to put us in re-
own communities as they see the needs
rather thinly veiled attempt to subvert
cess?
of those communities.
voluntarism by paying for it rather
Mr. GRASSLEY addressed the Chair.
Mr. President, it is discouraging that
than using moral suasion.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under
the President has completely dis-
Mr. President, I have received much
the previous order, the hour of 12:30
regarded the findings of Vice President
data already from AmeriCorps pertain-
having arrived. the Senate is prepared
GORE'S National Performance Review
ing to their grants: That data only fur-
to stand in recess, but the Senator
when it comes to the question of
ther fuels my skepticism. I have also
from Iowa is seeking recognition.
AmeriCorps or the expansion of the
asked the General Accounting Office to
Mr. GLENN. Is it, Mr. President,
program. A founding principle of
independently analyze and evaluate the
under the previous order or is it the de-
reinventing Government is that, ac-
program. I will await their report this
sire of the Senator from Iowa to speak?
cording to Vice President GORE, you
spring until I render a final judgment
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
should not increase funding a program
about the program.
Chair. as a courtesy. will recognize the
until it is a proven success. This ad-
But I must say, the celestial bodies
Senator from Iowa first. The Senator
ministration has sought dramatic in-
seem to be aligned against the pro-
from Iowa is recognized.
creases for AmeriCorps with little to
gram, and the American people are
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask
no support the proposition whether or
against the approach embodied here.
unanimous consent that, irrespective
not it is succeeding.
The administration would do better to
of the previous order, I be granted 7
The problem with AmeriCorps is the
more accurately apply the principles of
minutes to speak as in morning busi-
same problem that I see in the boon-
reinventing Government to this con-
ness on a subject unrelated to unfunded
doggles of the Defense Department. As
cept. Rather than bureaucratizing and
mandates.
you remember, a decade ago, $500 ham-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
mers got a lot of attention. the $500
rather than drawing a line in the sand,
objection?
hammers that the Defense Department
we can be working together to make
Mr. BYRD. Mr. President. reserving
was buying.
voluntarism work the way it has-and
the right to object, and I will not ob-
In AmeriCorps, we recently uncov-
quite effectively and quite amazingly-
ject. on the condition that upon the
ered that President Clinton's
since the earliest days of the Republic.
completion of the Senator's statement.
AmeriCorps is paying over $70,000 for
I yield the floor and yield back the
the Senate then stand in recess under
one-yes. Mr. President, that is one-
remainder of my time.
the order.
volunteer for AmeriCorps. That $70,000
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
could instead be used to provide dozens
objection? Without objection. it is so
of young people Pell grants so that
RECESS
ordered.
they could attend college. This point
The Senator from Iowa is recognized
was made on this very floor 2 years ago
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under
for 7 minutes.
by the then chairman of the Appropria-
the previous order. the hour of 12:30
tions Committee. the distinguished
p.m. having arrived. the Senate will
Senator from West Virginia, and that
stand in recess until the hour of 2:15
AMERICORPS
was when we were considering author-
p.m. today.
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President. we
izing AmeriCorps at that particular
Thereupon. at 12:37 p.m., the Senate
have recently heard in the news quite a
time.
recessed until 2:15 p.m.; whereupon, the
bit about AmeriCorps, and that is
Instead, we are spending this money
Senate reassembled when called to
President Clinton's new program on
on creating one job with the Philadel-
order by the Presiding Officer [Ms.
voluntarism.
phia Bar Association. That $70,000 job
SNOWE].