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UPCOMING RESEARCH
FDR Memorial
- Statements by Presidents at every other major memorial
- Lincoln (coolidge?)
- Jefferson (FDR?)
- Vietnam
- Korea
- Holocaust
- Statements by FDR on his own memorial
- Burns, Lauchtenberg, Bernstein (on New Deal), Goodwin
- POTUS Speeches/Statements on FDR
- Hyde Park ('93)
- FDR Ceremony (White House)
Al Shanker Memorial Service
- Speeches etc... of Shanker (AFT)
- POTUS on Teachers
- Quotes on teachers/teaching
Jackie Robinson 50th Anniversary
- Biographical Info
- Historical Prospectives
Earth Day
- Past POTUS Speeches
- Information on Earth Day Festivities around country
National Service Summit (Philadelphia, PA)
- News Clips
- Philadelphia News
- Philadelphia Inquirer
- Newsweek (has been tracking participation)
- POTUS on National Service (ask Jonathan for copies of stuff)
De may
FOR - [DuRis Goodwing Shrum
Shanker -
Robinson -
Research:
RACE
Service: pull tyclure stuffon service
Earth Day
SCHEDULE FOR MICHAEL WALDMAN
THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 1997
10:45 am-
MEETING
7:30am
SENIOR STAFF MEETING
11:15 am
OVAL OFFICE DINING ROOM
Staff Contact: Stephanie Streett
8:30am
CHIEF OF STAFF SCHEDULING MEETI
9:00am
11:15 am-
MEETING
Chief of Staff' Office - West Wing
11:30 am
OVAL OFFICE DINING ROOM
Staff Contact: Erskine Bowles
9:00am
DAILY COMMUNICATIONS MEETING
11:30 am-
BRIEFING
10:00am
MICHAEL GORDON INTERVIEW
12:00 pm
OVAL OFFICE DINING ROOM
10:30am
Jordan's Office - OEOB 193
Staff Contact: Kitty Higgins, Bruce Reed
Prospective Speechwriter
12:00 pm-
MAMMOGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT
12:30 pm
OVAL OFFICE
12:35 pm-
MEETING
12:55 pm
OVAL OFFICE DINING ROOM
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
1:00 pm-
BRIEFING
1:15 pm
OVAL OFFICE DINING ROOM
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
1:20 pm-
MEETING
1:25 pm
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Stephanie Streett
1:30 pm-
PHONE/OFFICE TIME
2:00pm
ERSKINE SPEECH MEETING
5:30 pm
OVAL OFFICE
3:00pm
Chief of Staff's Office West Wing
5:30 pm-
BRIEFING
3:30pm
CONFERENCE CALL w/ MARK KATZ
5:45 pm
RED ROOM
Staff Contact: Maria Echaveste
4:00pm
Location Tba (Katz # 212/501-8041)
Katz, Waldman, etc
5:45 pm-
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GATORS
EVENT
6:30 pm
EAST ROOM
4:00pm-
HEALTH-CARE STRATEGY MEETING
5:00pm
Bruce Reed Office West Wing
EVENING OFF
BC RON
THE WHITE HOUSE
HRC RON
AFRICA
Bear Research needed
FDR Memorial
statements by Presidents every other major memorid
- Lincoln (Coolidge?)
-Jefferson (FDR)
- viet
- -Korea
- Holacaust
statements by FOR on his own memorid
look thru Burns, Leuchtenberg, Bernster (on New Doal), Goodwin
POTUS speeches/statents on FOR: Hyde Bule ('93), FOR wen com DWH
*
Shanker Memorial Service
get speeches etc from Shamler/AFT.
POTUS on teachers
fancy quote on teachers/teaching
Thomas More
Jackie Robinson
THE PUBLIC PAPERS AND ADDRESSES
OFFRANKLIND.RVEL
your
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
ruary 28, 1943, the remaining bor-
working men and women were
rowing authority under the existing
being stabilized and men were being
debt limit was 8.160 billion dollars,
drafted into the armed forces at
and it was estimated that by April
$600 per year, net incomes after
12 it would be down to 6 billion
taxes should not be tolerated over
dollars. On March 12, 1943, the
$25,000. Added to this was the
President had announced a pro-
President's objection on constitu-
gram designed to raise 13 billion
tional grounds to the rider method
dollars of new funds during the
of legislation, a form of shotgun
month of April in a Second War
action on the part of the Congress
Loan Drive. At the time, war ex-
which forced the acceptance of a
penditures were being made at an
manifestly bad bill because it was
average rate of more than 200 mil-
tacked onto a bill that had to be
lion dollars a day in excess of the
signed in order to win the war.
daily revenue from taxes. It was
The President could not possibly
essential that the Treasury be em-
veto the bill. Therefore he issued
powered to borrow the money neces-
the foregoing statement, and al-
sary for the huge war expenditures.
lowed it to become a law without
The President strongly felt that
his signature (57 Stat. 63).
during a period when wages of
37 [Address at Dedication of the Thomas
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D. C.
April 13, 1943
TODAY, in the midst of a great war for freedom, we dedicate a
shrine to freedom.
To Thomas Jefferson, Apostle of Freedom, we are paying a
debt long overdue.
Yet, there are reasons for gratitude that this occasion falls
within our time; for our generation of Americans can under-
stand much in Jefferson's life which intervening generations
could not see as well as we.
He faced the fact that men who will not fight for liberty can
lose it. We, too, have faced that fact.
He lived in a world in which freedom of conscience and free-
dom of mind were battles still to be fought through - not prin-
1 62
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
ciples already accepted of all men. We, too, have lived in such a
world.
He loved peace and loved liberty - yet on more than one OC-
casion he was forced to choose between them. We, too, have been
compelled to make that choice.
Generations which understand each other across the distances
of history are the generations united by a common experience
and a common cause. Jefferson, across a hundred and fifty years
of time, is closer by much to living men than many of our lead-
ers of the years between. His cause was a cause to which we also
are committed, not by our words alone but by our sacrifice.
For faith and ideals imply renunciations. Spiritual advance-
ment throughout all our history has called for temporal
sacrifices.
The Declaration of Independence and the very purposes of
the American Revolution itself, while seeking freedoms, called
for the abandonment of privileges.
Jefferson was no dreamer - for half a century he led his State
and his Nation in fact and in deed. I like to think that this was
so because he thought in terms of the morrow as well as the day
- and this was why he was hated or feared by those who thought
in terms of the day and the yesterday,
We judge him by the application of his philosophy to the cir-
cumstances of his life. But in such applying we come to under-
stand that his life was given for those deeper values that persist
throughout all time.
Leader in the philosophy of government, in education, in the
arts, in efforts to lighten the toil of mankind - exponent of plan-
ning for the future, he led the steps of America into the path
of the permanent integrity of the Republic.
Thomas Jefferson believed, as we believe, in Man. He be-
lieved, as we believe, that men are capable of their own govern-
ment, and that no king, no tyrant, no dictator can govern for
them as well as they can govern for themselves.
He believed, as we believe, in certain inalienable rights. He,
163
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
as we, saw those principles and freedoms challenged. He fought
for them, as we fight for them.
He proved that the seeming eclipse of liberty can well become
the dawn of more liberty. Those who fight the tyranny of our
own time will come to learn that old lesson. Among all the peo-
ples of the earth, the cruelties and the oppressions of its would-be
masters have taught this generation what its liberties can mean.
This lesson, so bitterly learned, will never be forgotten while
this generation is still alive.
The words which we have chosen for this Memorial speak
Jefferson's noblest and most urgent meaning; and we are proud
indeed to understand it and share it:
"I have sworn upon the altar of God, eternal hostility against
every form of tyranny over the mind of man."
NOTE: As the President pointed
The dedication of the Thomas
out during one of his press confer-
Jefferson Memorial was held on
ences (see Item 148, pp. 604-607,
Jefferson's birthday. The entire
1938 volume), there had been a
ceremony, including the President's
long delay in the authorization of
address, lasted fifteen minutes and
a memorial for Thomas Jefferson.
was staged with the simplicity which
The delay appeared to have been
Jefferson himself would have liked.
caused by political reasons. After
Two years later, the President
President Roosevelt's first inaugural
in 1933, there arose renewed inter-
had prepared an address for deliv-
est in the project; and the Congress
ery on Jefferson Day, 1945, in which
in 1934 authorized the construction
he set forth the hopes of humanity
of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial
for enduring peace. The President
on the edge of the Tidal Basin in
died the afternoon before this Jef-
Washington. The President deliv-
ferson Day speech was to have been
ered an address at ground-breaking
delivered (see Item 148, 1944-1945
ceremonies on December 15, 1938
volume, for the text of this unde-
(see Item 159, pp. 645-647, 1938
livered address).
volume).
1 6 4
THE PUBLIC PAPERS AND ADDRESSES
OF FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
ruary 28, 1943, the remaining bor-
working men and women were
rowing authority under the existing
being stabilized and men were being
debt limit was 8.160 billion dollars,
drafted into the armed forces at
and it was estimated that by April
$600 per year, net incomes after
12 it would be down to 6 billion
taxes should not be tolerated over
dollars. On March 12, 1943, the
$25,000. Added to this was the
President had announced a pro-
President's objection on constitu-
gram designed to raise 13 billion
tional grounds to the rider method
dollars of new funds during the
of legislation, a form of shotgun
month of April in a Second War
action on the part of the Congress
Loan Drive. At the time, war ex-
which forced the acceptance of a
penditures were being made at an
manifestly bad bill because it was
average rate of more than 200 mil-
tacked onto a bill that had to be
lion dollars a day in excess of the
signed in order to win the war.
daily revenue from taxes. It was
The President could not possibly
essential that the Treasury be em-
veto the bill. Therefore he issued
powered to borrow the money neces-
the foregoing statement, and al-
sary for the huge war expenditures.
lowed it to become a law without
The President strongly felt that
his signature (57 Stat. 63).
during a period when wages of
37 (Address at Dedication of the Thomas
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D. C.
April 13, 1943
TODAY, in the midst of a great war for freedom, we dedicate a
shrine to freedom.
To Thomas Jefferson, Apostle of Freedom, we are paying a
debt long overdue.
Yet, there are reasons for gratitude that this occasion falls
within our time; for our generation of Americans can under-
stand much in Jefferson's life which intervening generations
could not see as well as we.
He faced the fact that men who will not fight for liberty can
lose it. We, too, have faced that fact.
He lived in a world in which freedom of conscience and free-
dom of mind were battles still to be fought through - not prin-
1 6 2
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
ciples already accepted of all men. We, too, have lived in such a
world.
He loved peace and loved liberty - yet on more than one OC-
casion he was forced to choose between them. We, too, have been
compelled to make that choice.
Generations which understand each other across the distances
of history are the generations united by a common experience
and a common cause. Jefferson, across a hundred and fifty years
of time, is closer by much to living men than many of our lead-
ers of the years between. His cause was a cause to which we also
are committed, not by our words alone but by our sacrifice.
For faith and ideals imply renunciations. Spiritual advance-
ment throughout all our history has called for temporal
sacrifices.
The Declaration of Independence and the very purposes of
the American Revolution itself, while seeking freedoms, called
for the abandonment of privileges.
Jefferson was no dreamer - for half a century he led his State
and his Nation in fact and in deed. I like to think that this was
so because he thought in terms of the morrow as well as the day
- and this was why he was hated or feared by those who thought
in terms of the day and the yesterday.
We judge him by the application of his philosophy to the cir-
cumstances of his life. But in such applying we come to under-
stand that his life was given for those deeper values that persist
throughout all time.
Leader in the philosophy of government, in education, in the
arts, in efforts to lighten the toil of mankind - exponent of plan-
ning for the future, he led the steps of America into the path
of the permanent integrity of the Republic.
Thomas Jefferson believed, as we believe, in Man. He be-
lieved, as we believe, that men are capable of their own govern-
ment, and that no king, no tyrant, no dictator can govern for
them as well as they can govern for themselves.
He believed, as we believe, in certain inalienable rights. He,
163
37. Dedication of Thomas Jefferson Memorial
as we, saw those principles and freedoms challenged. He fought
for them, as we fight for them.
He proved that the seeming eclipse of liberty can well become
the dawn of more liberty. Those who fight the tyranny of our
own time will come to learn that old lesson. Among all the peo-
ples of the earth, the cruelties and the oppressions of its would-be
masters have taught this generation what its liberties can mean.
This lesson, so bitterly learned, will never be forgotten while
this generation is still alive.
The words which we have chosen for this Memorial speak
Jefferson's noblest and most urgent meaning; and we are proud
indeed to understand it and share it:
"I have sworn upon the altar of God, eternal hostility against
every form of tyranny over the mind of man."
NOTE: As the President pointed
The dedication of the Thomas
out during one of his press confer-
Jefferson Memorial was held on
ences (see Item 148, PP. 604-607,
Jefferson's birthday. The entire
1938 volume), there had been a
ceremony, including the President's
long delay in the authorization of
address, lasted fifteen minutes and
a memorial for Thomas Jefferson.
was staged with the simplicity which
The delay appeared to have been
Jefferson himself would have liked.
caused by political reasons. After
Two years later, the President
President Roosevelt's first inaugural
in 1933, there arose renewed inter-
had prepared an address for deliv-
est in the project; and the Congress
ery on Jefferson Day, 1945, in which
in 1934 authorized the construction
he set forth the hopes of humanity
of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial
for enduring peace. The President
on the edge of the Tidal Basin in
died the afternoon before this Jef-
Washington. The President deliv-
ferson Day speech was to have been
ered an address at ground-breaking
delivered (see Item 148, 1944-1945
ceremonies on December 15, 1938
volume, for the text of this unde-
(see Item 159, pp. 645-647, 1938
livered address).
volume).
1 6 4
News; papers
MeMillan
Commission
d
report
-
Page 2
LEVEL 1 - 1 OF 19 STORIES
Copyright 1997 Globe Newspaper Company
The Boston Globe
April 13, 1997, Sunday, City Edition
SECTION: FOCUS; Pg. D1
LENGTH: 1617 words
HEADLINE: MONUMENTAL EFFORTS;
The battle has been joined over building a new war memorial in Washington;
THE CAPITAL
BYLINE: By Mary Leonard, Globe Staff
DATELINE: WASHINGTON
BODY:
It's spring, this city's show-off season. The lacy dogwoods and lush crab
apple blossoms vie with man-made monuments for the tourists' eye.
So tranquil. Such trouble.
Here on the Mall, between the treasured monuments to Lincoln and Washington,
a 7.4-acre site has been dedicated by the president, and a design drawn, for the
capital's first World War II Memorial. No doubt it would join the Holocaust
Memorial Museum and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a crowd pleaser on the
federal city's grand, central park.
But an intense and widening political campaign opposing both the site (too
hallowed) and the design (too massive) makes it less likely by the day that a
visitor, much less the aging veterans of World War II, will ever find a memorial
to the seminal event of the 20th century, at least not at a central spot on the
Mall.
If the project falters, it's unfortunate because modern-day memorials do
much more than honor the dead. The Vietnam memorial has been cathartic, bringing
closure to a painful chapter of history. At the new Korean War Veterans
Memorial, 19 lifelike, stainless steel soldiers put grim faces on a forgotten
era. The uplifting lesson of the Holocaust Museum is that the human spirit will
soar above unspeakable evil.
Monuments also can be transforming. The early 20th-century design of the
Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River, literally linking the North to the
South, and anchoring that link to the Lincoln Memorial, not only delivered the
strongest symbolic message of union, but also took care of a polluted wetland
and beautified the capital city.
Curiously, the end of the Cold War has brought the biggest national building
boom in war memorials since the Civil War. Older generations, particularly the
World War II generation, want to ensure the traumas, tragedies and lessons of
its youth don't pass out of memory.
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LEXIS·NEXIS'
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A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
Page 3
The Boston Globe, April 13, 1997
"Monuments are the expression of one generation trying to pass down their
values to succeeding generations in durable materials: stone, marble and
bronze, says Gary Scott, chief historian of the National Park Service.
On May 2, the $ 48 million memorial to President Franklin D. Roosevelt opens
as "a living history for all generations to come" and will feature a maze of
gardens and waterfalls on a prime .5-acre piece of real estate next to the
Tidal Basin, near the Jefferson Memorial. Plans have been on and off the drawing
board for more than 50 years, at least since FDR suggested a simple stone marker
to his memory would do just fine.
Also coming soon, a memorial to black patriots. Raising $ 9.5 million has
been a struggle, says Wayne Smith, president of the Black Patriots Foundation,
but he expects on July 4, 2000, a memorial on the Mall will be dedicated to both
the 5,000 black soldiers and sailors who fought in the Revolutionary War and to
other black men and women who have died for freedom.
World War II veterans, content for years with their noble achievement abroad
and satisfied with their recognition at home, didn't begin mobilizing for a
national memorial on the Mall until the early 1990s. The plans moved forward;
the appropriate federal agencies approved an extraordinarily choice site at the
base of the Reflecting Pool and on a line with the Lincoln Memorial, the
Washington Monument and the Capitol. A design competition was won by architect
Friedrich St. Florian, former dean of the Rhode Island School of Design.
Then the trouble began. Some architecture critics have sniffed at the
proposed memorial's neoclassical design and cockeyed plans for a huge,
subterrranean museum. Preservationists fret that it will clutter the Mall and
make it into more of a memorial bazaar. Historians say a big war memorial has no
business either intruding on the 18th- and 19th-century themes of national unity
that bind the Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument or wrecking the view from
one to the other. Politicians say that while a World War II Memorial is a
splendid idea, there is no way its chairman, Bob Dole, former Republican Senate
majority leader and himself a disabled veteran of that war, can raise $ 100
million by the year 2000 for a flawed project.
"Controversy like this is inevitable in a free society, and there's never
been a memorial that hasn't been subject to it, says Haydn Williams, a former
US ambassador who heads the World War II Memorial's site and design committee
within the federal American Battle Monuments Commission.
"We believe our design enhances the Mall, preserves the view and will become
a national landmark, " Williams says. "Frankly, the opposition has taken us by
surprise."
Ironically, the Vietnam memorial, which recalls an unpopular war, has
complicated efforts to find a suitable way to remember the nation's most
glorious military victory. Democratic Senator Bob Kerrey of Nebraska, a Vietnam
war hero who lost a leg, is leading the fight against the World War II Memorial,
calling it a bad fit for a "sacred" site.
"I have a lot of respect for Senator Kerrey, but there are also a lot of
World War II veterans in Congress who support our effort totally," says Dole.
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Page 4
The Boston Globe, April 13, 1997
Still, he acknowledges, it's not easy raising $ 100 million for the project.
Dedicated in 1982 as the first new monument on the Mall in 50 years, the
Vietnam memorial sparked not only new interest in memorial-building but also
introduced landscape monuments that require acres for aesthetic design, not just
plots and pedestals for a soldier on horseback. The World War II Memorial is
caught in the current backlash to overbuilding and some bad architecture.
"We got our memorial because we really needed one; we felt crummy, and we'd
fought in a crummy war," says Jan Scruggs, a Vietnam veteran who led the drive
for the Vietnam memorial and still heads its foundation. "We were clever. We got
in there ahead of older wars and grabbed the Mall land. Then the veterans of
other conflicts came forward and said they needed their bronze and granite,
too."
Congress and federal agencies up to now have been accommodating: Memorials
to the women who served in Vietnam and Korean War veterans have joined the
Vietnam Veterans Memorial near the Lincoln Memorial. The Holocaust museum was
built in 1993 on a site midway between the Washington Monument and Jefferson
Memorial. And joining the FDR and black patriots memorials on the
soon-to-be-built list is a Museum of the American Indian, and a monument to
military women at the gates of Arlington Cemetery.
"As powerful and moving as it is, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial opened a
Pandora's box for every war veterans' group to demand a monument on the Mall,'
says Deborah Dietsch, editor of Architecture magazine. Dietsch has spoken out
forcefully against the World War II Memorial site and design.
"The Korean War memorial is just awful; the World War II Memorial is
inappropriate, and who knows what's next - a memorial to Desert Storm?"
Indeed, the National Capital Planning Commission, a federal agency, last
year issued a report estimating that at the rate Congress was approving
memorials, sites for 60 of them would have to be found on the Mall over the next
50 to 70 years. To avert monument gridlock, the commission adopted a policy of
urging groups to find monument or museum sites off the Mall, preferably in parts
of Washington that could benefit economically from the development and tourism.
The commission also produced a 21st century master plan to preserve and
enhance Washington's historical Mounumental Core, building on the fundamental
design of French engineer Pierre L'Enfant, who in 1791 created a city of broad
avenues, bold public spaces and statuary, all radiating out from the White House
and Capitol. A hundred years later, the McMillan Commission, named after a
Michigan senator, refined L'Enfant's plan.
The design of the Mall today is essentially McMillan's. Its openness is its
defining feature, perfect for a family picnic or a Million Man March. That,
critics say, would be jeopardized by the World War II Memorial's huge, sunken
plaza, 50 doric columns and two flower-covered earthen berms several stories
high.
Joseph Ellis, a Mount Holyoke College history professor and author of
"American Sphinx, The Character of Thomas Jefferson," says the historical
integrity of the site is what's at stake. "By intruding on the conversation
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A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
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Page 5
The Boston Globe, April 13, 1997
between Lincoln, Washington, and Jefferson with 20th-century claims, the
memorial planners have raised more questions than they ought to and cast doubts
on the whole project. "
The battle over the World War II Memorial will be officially joined later
this spring, when opponents formally challenge the design before several federal
agencies that must approve it. The National Park Service is under growing
pressure from Capitol Hill to review the Mall site. Dole said Friday he was
willing to be flexibile about the memorial's design.
Other memorials have weathered controversy and thrived. Architectural
student Maya Ying Lin's abstract design of the Vietnam memorial drew SO much
fire that a realistic statue of servicemen was added to the site. Some Jews
opposed the Holocaust museum, fearing it would trivialize the tragedy.
Historian Stephen Ambrose believes there is an easier way. He is heading a
campaign to raise $ 8 million to erect a D-Day memorial in rural Bedford, Va.
The tiny town lost 23 of the 35 sons it sent to Omaha Beach on June 6, 1944.
"Those of us who don't live in Washington think you've already got way too
many memorials. Hell, every circle has its two-bit Civil War hero on a horse, "
Ambrose said. "Move the memorials out and you'll see there's more to this
country than what goes on inside the Beltway.'
GRAPHIC: PHOTO MAP, Coming attractions 1. World War II Memorial 2. Black
Patriots Memorial 3. FDR Memorial
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE: April 16, 1997
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Page 15
LEVEL 1 - 3 OF 19 STORIES
Copyright 1996 The Washington Post
The Washington Post
March 23, 1996, Saturday, Final Edition
SECTION: STYLE; Pg. H01; CITYSCAPE
LENGTH: 2457 words
HEADLINE: A Capital That Improves With Age; Proposal's Unblinking Vision Brings
the Future Into Focus
BYLINE: Benjamin Forgey, Washington Post Staff Writer
BODY:
Eight years ago John Parsons got to grumbling about the number of new
memorials and museums being promoted for the Mall. It seemed as if every
imaginable cause was a candidate, and he wondered where they could be put.
Parsons wasn't just being cranky. He is a landscape architect who is paid by
the National Park Service to worry about such things. And it took little
prodding from Parsons to get his colleagues on the National Capital Planning
Commission worrying, too.
As the members and the staff pondered the problem, the realization gradually
dawned: The Mall, a work in progress for nearly 200 years, was just about
complete. Yet demand was accelerating for positions in the nation's great public
space.
From these basic perceptions grew a much-needed draft plan for the future of
Washington's core. The proposal was presented earlier this week to an
enthusiastic President Clinton at the White House and will be formally unveiled
Tuesday at Union Station.
The plan is nothing less than astonishing when first you look at a dramatic
overview of Washington as it might appear in the mid-21st century: My, what a
sight! The capital city unfolds as if in a dream, immensely complicated but
splendidly ordered.
Dreams do have a way of clarifying the complex, of transforming reality into
something better. Certainly, that's what this dream does.
Washington today is a striking sight from the air there's nothing quite
like it in the world. And if you study the imagined future view with today's
image in mind, you realize that what the NCPC and its advisers have done is in a
way quite simple. They've made a beautiful city more beautiful.
No one could accuse them of thinking small. Are the Southeast-Southwest
Freeway and the Maryland Avenue SW railroad tracks objectionable? Take 'em away.
Did Pierre L'Enfant err by not finding a fitting symbolic spot for the Supreme
Court in his grand plan for the city? Simple enough just move the court. Do
the 14th Street bridges interfere with views from Virginia, and are they ugly?
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Page 16
The Washington Post, March 23, 1996
Poof! They're gone.
And so it goes, a fascinating and inspiring game. But remember the NCPC's
time frame half a century. Lots of things change in 50 years. And controlling
urban change is by no means an exact science; this is not a prediction.
Rather, it is an illustration of how nicely things could turn out if, as we
decide the physical development of the city in particular, the placement of
federal facilities we would follow a few worthy, well-considered rules.
Some of these rules are time-honored in Washington. In its emphasis on
physical beauty, this vision much resembles its noted ancestor, the
turn-of-the-century McMillan Commission plan that shaped Washington's
"monumental core" the distinguished complex of monuments, federal buildings
and green spaces that now make up the Mall and nearby spaces. But the new plan
also is different from its predecessor in significant ways.
The McMillan plan named after a Michigan senator but conceived by two
architects, a sculptor and a landscape architect was an expression of the
powerful, aptly named "City Beautiful" movement. Proponents believed in august
civic centers (such as the Federal Triangle), in grand geometrical landscapes
(such as the Mall from the Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial), and in the need for
spacious urban parks (such as East Potomac Park).
Makers of the NCPC plan decided, first, to honor the McMillan Commission
within the monumental core in other words, to save or respectfully improve
what was built during the past 100 years. Very few major additions to the
existing core would be tolerated.
Second, they propose to "expand the monumental core," though in very
un-McMillan-like ways. New museums, memorials and federal office buildings would
be located outside the core, at strategic, scattered locations where they would
do most to stimulate private development and neighborhood renewal.
Third, as part of this overall "mixed-use" strategy, they endorsed a "new"
kind of federal office building "with a public life and an invigorating street
and neighborhood presence." Though not a widely emulated concept, this has been
done before.
The combination of commerce and bureaucracy in the vast courtyard of the Old
Post Office Building on Pennsylvania Avenue is one example. The restaurants and
trade expositions proposed for the huge International Trade Center recently
renamed the Ronald Reagan Building and currently under construction as the last
piece of the Federal Triangle are another.
The new plan, in short, is more urban in character than the McMillan
Commission's. Indeed, it is more like L'Enfant's original vision for the city,
embracing his system of broad diagonal boulevards slashing through the typical
American street grid, and his idea of using federal emplacements to jump-start
commercial and residential development.
Now You See 'Em
Of course, neither L'Enfant nor the McMillan commissioners had to deal with
what turned out to be the number one fact of 20th-century life in shaping
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America's towns, cities and suburbs the automobile. It follows, then, that
many of the more audacious proposals the razing of freeways and replacement
of bridges, for example have to do with the private car.
On the other hand, is the idea of doing away with the Southeast-Southwest
Freeway, for example, really that audacious? It would cost a lot of money, to be
sure, but then building roads and maintaining them is always costly. Joseph
Passonneau, a transportation architect not involved with the NCPC, points out
that, proportionate to the economic life they support, such public investments
are "very, very minor."
The intention, suggests NCPC Executive Director Reginald Griffith, is not
just to go out there and tear down a freeway. It is to plan for the day when
such major chunks of infrastructure are "near the end of their natural life
span, " a day when "maintainance costs begin to rival replacement costs."
A 28-page brochure summarizing the draft plan offers no clue as to when that
day might come vagueness is a flaw of the report. But it is sensational
even common-sensical! in treating that occasion as an opportunity. When
you're replacing infrastructure, this plan says, replace it with something
better.
Let's take, again, the Southeast-Southwest Freeway. Like many urban highways,
this one is a wall separating sections of the city. The railroad tracks along
Maryland Avenue SW are another sort of barrier an unsightly moat. How much
better the city looks, in that NCPC skyview and other illustrations, without
them.
And how much better the city would function. With the highways and the trains
gone, Maryland, Virginia and Delaware avenues would become what they were
intended to be: broad, tree-lined boulevards connecting diverse urban
neighborhoods.
As architect Arthur Cotton Moore demonstrated with a pro-bono proposal years
ago, there could be a sizable economic pay-back: There are plenty of "leftover"
sites on both sides of Maryland Avenue that wouldn't do for offices but would
accommodate apartment buildings. A dysfunctional eyesore could be transformed
into a thriving neighborhood.
And as cities such as San Francisco and Boston have shown, when you take away
the freeways, cars make do on existing city streets. Washington has a special
advantage in this respect. Thanks to L'Enfant (who couldn't have known just how
foresightful he was being), our streets are very, very wide.
Moving the trains, by contrast, would require two new tunnels one under
the Potomac and the other one under parts of Capitol Hill. This would be a major
undertaking with an interesting precedent: The McMillan Commission had to
persuade Congress to help build a tunnel to get the trains off the Mall.
Praises also can be sung of the proposals to depress much of Route 295 in
Anacostia and to eliminate the unsightly, dysfunctional mess of freeways that
separate the Kennedy Center from the rest of the city, retaining just enough,
underground, to allow for efficient bridge connections from downtown.
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The Washington Post, March 23, 1996
Likewise, the idea of consolidating the aging 14th Street bridges into one
beautiful span (plus a tunnel) is a superior concept. It's not simply that the
city deserves a significant, appropriate gateway at this spot. It is also that
eventually something will have to be done with these bridges and the confusing
spaghetti of roads on both sides of the river.
Getting Around Town
Another aim of these transportation changes is to accommodate a big increase
in visitors to Washington a reasonable prediction is that tourism will at
least double by 2050 while maintaining automobile traffic at present levels.
This would be an important feat.
To accomplish it, the NCPC proposes the usual -- increasing Metro ridership
with longer, more frequent trains, more peripheral parking and direct train
access to both Dulles and Baltimore-Washington airports. And also the unusual
a system of water shuttles and vastly improved surface transportation for
tourists in the monumental core, a system of buses or even magnetically
levitated vehicles called the "circulator."
The notion of water transport is simply enchanting. The "circulator," as
Passonneau points out, ought to focus on local residents by circulating
throughout the commercial heart of the city. "We should make the city nicer for
the people who live here, " Passonneau says. "Then the tourists would like it,
too."
Except for the mischievous suggestion to move the Supreme Court "if the court
wants to move, " the draft plan is pretty silent about what federal facilities
should be used to attract development in its expanded core. There's a bad reason
and a good reason for this.
On the minus side, the NCPC isn't terribly persuasive when it turns from the
general to the specific. The idea of moving the Supreme Court to a new plaza on
South Capitol Street is one example. The unconvincing sports complex proposed
for the RFK Stadium site is another.
On the plus side, it really doesn't make sense to get specific when there
aren't a whole lot of actual proposals on the table. It is the principle that
needs to be established. New museums, memorials and federal buildings can and
should be used to bring focus to areas outside the monumental core. And, at
least as starting points for discussion, the locations proposed seem apt the
revivified avenues, the RFK site, South and North Capitol streets, the Anacostia
side of the (new) Frederick Douglass Bridge.
Among the more fetching ideas by far are those concerned with improving the
existing monumental core and the waterfronts. Relatively minor changes, for
instance, would make the Federal Triangle complex more urbane and welcoming.
This may fly in the face of current security concerns, but it is a healthy idea
that comes up every so often, and needs to be kept alive.
Way beyond fetching captivating, maybe is the expansive proposal to
turn the city's riversides into "a continuous band of open space from Georgetown
to the National Arboretum." In one way, Washington is fortunate in its
waterfronts almost all of the Potomac and Anacostia shorelines are publicly
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The Washington Post, March 23, 1996
owned. In another way, the city suffers, for our river edges are far too
monotonous.
Suggestions so far include the water taxis with many stopping points, a
bridge from the Kennedy Center platform to the riverwalk (again, with a credit
to architect Moore), and a long-needed walking bridge from the dull southwest
waterfront to East Potomac Park. For the next six months or so, the NCPC is
asking for comments and ideas. Adding to this list would be a good place to
start, for surely we can do better.
A Future in Focus
The fact that this remains a draft plan, after all this time, says something
about bureaucratic inertia. L'Enfant sketched his best ideas in just a few
months, and then got fired. Those aristocratic men working for Sen. McMillan
took less than a year to come up with something that kept us busy for nearly a
century.
Yet it probably is unfair to make too much of the contrasts. Things are more
complicated today. The region is bigger. The District now has limited home rule.
There are more "stakeholders," to use the current term. And the plan, it needs
to be stressed, is far from perfect.
Among minor faults are the issues it does not take on the Whitehurst
Freeway, for instance, or the Pentagon. The overall vagueness is unsettling
the time will come pretty soon when definitions will be needed. And hard
priorities will have to be set, this first, that second, that in about 20 years.
And so on.
An even bigger problem may be that, so far, the NCPC has emphasized the need
for increased collaboration the preferred word is "partnership" among
itself, other federal agencies, Congress, the District and other local
jurisdictions, and the private sector. A cast of thousands. Yet the agency
hasn't come up with any very strong ideas about how to achieve this state of
togetherness.
As word spread about the NCPC's ambitious efforts, the impression grew that
it was out there all on its own, engaging in what was called, with oddly
derisive intent, "visionary" planning. Perhaps now that the draft plan is
finally hitting the streets, this impression will subside, and people will begin
taking the long, careful looks that the plan clearly deserves. This, in turn,
may lead to the kind of serious, in-depth discussions required for genuine
collaboration to occur.
The truth is, the NCPC has done us all a big favor. Three favors, to be
precise.
The first is to give us some remarkable visual images upon which we can hang
our dreams for the city. A large model will be on view in the Union Station's
West Hall from Tuesday through April 7. The model and other materials will then
be shown from June through November at the National Museum of American History.
Anyone interested in having a say should definitely take the time.
The second is to give strong voice to the federal presence in the city and
region. The fed's importance is so obvious we often tend to overlook it it is
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The Washington Post, March 23, 1996
just all over the place. This plan makes it clear that when properly channeled
and focused, the federal government can have immense, positive impact on the
area's development. Without such focus, it can have negative effects.
And third, the plan properly focuses on Washington as the center of the
region and, in a way, of the nation. The center has been downplayed way too much
of late. The NCPC plan helps revive our awareness that to have a healthy and
yes, beautiful -- Washington is vitally important.
GRAPHIC: Illustration, michael mccann for the national capital planning
commission, Prominent features of this imaginary aerial view of Washington in
the 21st century include: (1) improved connections to the riverside from
Georgetown to (2) the National Arboretum; (3) new span (and tunnel) replacing
multiple bridges at 14th Street crossing; (4) enlivened Southwest waterfront
with pedestrian bridge to East Potomac Park; (5) rebuilding of Maryland and
Virginia avenues, with Southeast-Southwest Freeway removed; (6) North and South
Capitol streets remade as broad, tree-lined boulevards; (7) suggested new
location for the Supreme Court or other federal facility; (8) new entryway to
Anacostia with better access to the river; (9) RFK Stadium site with a big new
sports complex. A street of dreams: In the draft plan for the city's future to
be unveiled Tuesday by the National Capital Planning Commission, South Capitol
Street (below, as it appears today) takes on a startling new look (above).
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE: March 23, 1996
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001
(202)504-20100 Commission of Fine Arts (coost C. Athertors)
28 April1997
noen
for : 456-2554 Lana Capps
Fax: 456-5709
STATE
COMM FINE ARTS
04/28/97 12:21 6202 504 2195
McMillm Commission Can Rongh 1901 outfine of original shouline
PAGE 3 -- PROGRAM PAGE
CEREMONY OF DEDICATION
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL
MAY 2, 1997
9:30 - 10:30 AM
WEST POTOMAC PARK
Washington, D.C.
United States Navy Band
Led by Lieutenant Commander John R. Pastin
Prelude
Mr. Mike Wallace
Master of Ceremonies
The United States Armed Forces Color Guard
Presentation of Colors
Ms. Denyce Graves
The National Anthem
The Very Reverend Nathan D. Baxter
Dean, Washington National Cathedral
Invocation
Retirement of Colors
Senator Mark O. Hatfield and Senator Daniel K. Inouye
Co-Chairs, FDR Memorial Commission
Welcoming Remarks
Her Royal Highness, Princess Margriet
The Netherlands
Remarks
Mr. David B. Roosevelt
Remarks
NP
Senator Mark O. Hatfield and Senator Daniel K. Inouye
Presentation of the FDR Memorial
The President of the United States
Address of Dedication
Ms. Denyce Graves
America The Beautiful"
Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein
Benediction
sabssis countries
debt that ar generation
ares to that generation
Acknowledgements
decades of work
Inouye
CCC
WWII veterans NSC
WPA alumnia
Lady Bird Jinnson
From:
Michael Waldman on 04/28/97 12:24:59 PM
Record Type:
Record
To:
Laura K. Capps/WHO/EOP
CC:
Subject: odds & ends
in addition to the things we discussed before (FDR speeches by Clinton, list of New Deal stuff still
standing, etc.)
111 need Terry please page him
2X I need to talk to Bruce Reed. Please get some time on his schedule (15 minutes) to get his
thoughts on the FDR memorial.
3) Arthur Schlesinger & William VandenHeuvel spoke at the FDR ceremony in Warm Springs in
1995, right befoer the President. Can we get their remarks? You may have to call their offices, or
the FDR site in Warm Springs but this is fairly important.
4) can you call the press office and get the transcript of potus' remarks in philly at Independence
Hall.
σ) Beltimare
6) June
B)Clinton 7) Jeffery und (historian) at
@ Gettysarg Lincoln.
Nancy address
Reed
Leany
VP
PITrs
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
TUESDAY, APRIL 29, 1997
SCHEDULING DIRECTOR:
STEPHANIE STREETT
HOME:
202-332-5651
OFFICE:
202-456-2823
WHCA PAGER:
4033
PRESS COORDINATOR:
JEREMY GAINES
HOME:
202-362-5475
OFFICE:
202-456-5771
WHCA PAGER:
4194
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
TUESDAY, APRIL 29, 1997
DAY AND EVENING OFF
tba
(T)
HOLD (1 HOUR)
BC AND HRC RON
THE WHITE HOUSE
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1997
SCHEDULING DIRECTOR:
STEPHANIE STREETT
HOME:
202-332-5651
OFFICE:
202-456-2823
WHCA PAGER:
4033
EVENT COORDINATOR:
LAURA GRAHAM
HOME:
703-212-7642
OFFICE:
202-456-2349
WHCA PAGER:
4809
PRESS COORDINATOR:
JEREMY GAINES
HOME:
202-362-5475
OFFICE:
202-456-5771
WHCA PAGER:
4194
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1997
10:00 am-
MEETING
10:15 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Erskine Bowles
10:15 am-
BRIEFING
10:30 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
10:30 am-
MEETING WITH VICE PREMIER QIAN QICHEN
10:50 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
PRESS TBD
11:00 am-
SPEECH PREP
11:30 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Michael Waldman
11:30 am-
PHOTOS WITH NATIONAL COMMANDERS
11:40 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Kitty Higgins
WHITE HOUSE PHOTO ONLY
11:45 am-
MEETING
11:50 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Stephanie Streett
12:00 pm-
BRIEFING
12:30 pm
MAP ROOM
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
12:30 pm-
RESTRICTED MEETING WITH PRIME MINISTER
12:50 pm
AZNAR OF SPAIN
DIPLOMATIC RECEPTION ROOM
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
POOL SPRAY (At the top)
1:00 pm-
LUNCH WITH PRIME MINISTER AZNAR OF SPAIN
2:00 pm
OLD FAMILY DINING ROOM
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
Event Coordinator: Setti Warren
WHITE HOUSE PHOTO ONLY
2:00 pm-
PHONE/OFFICE TIME
6:00 pm
OVAL OFFICE
OPTION:
Between
DROP-BY MEETING WITH DENVER CHAMBER OF
2:00 pm-
COMMERCE AND THE COLORADO FORUM
2:30 pm
ROOSEVELT ROOM
Staff Contact: Dan Tarullo
WHITE HOUSE PHOTO ONLY
6:00 pm-
DOWN TIME
7:00 pm
RESIDENCE
7:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs the White House via motorcade en route
the Jefferson Building, Library of Congress
[drive time: 5 minutes]
7:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives the Jefferson Building, Library of Congress
Greeters:
Dr. James Billington, Librarian of Congress
Paul Allaire, Chairman and CEO, Xerox Corporation
Kay Allaire
John Kluge, Chairman, James Madison Council
7:20 pm-
TOUR AMERICAN TREASURES EXHIBIT
7:40 pm
SITE TBA
Jefferson Building - Library of Congress
Staff Contact: Melanne Verveer
Event Coordinator: Laura Graham
PRESS TBD
The President, accompanied by Dr. James Billington,
Librarian of Congress, Curator, Library of Congress, Paul
Allaire, Chairman and CEO, Xerox Corporation, John Kluge,
Chairman, James Madison Council, tours exhibits.
7:45 pm-
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS GALA/REDEDICATION OF
8:45 pm
THE THOMAS JEFFERSON COLLECTION
NORTHWEST CURTAIN
Jefferson Building - Library of Congress
Remarks: Jordan Tamagni
Staff Contact: Melanne Verveer
Event Coordinator: Laura Graham
OPEN PRESS
NOTE:
THIS EVENT IS BUSINESS ATTIRE.
--
The President, accompanied by Dr. James Billington and Paul
Allaire, is announced into the room and proceeds to his seat at
at the table.
--
The Colors are presented.
--
The National Anthem of the United States is performed by
Michael Ryan.
--
Dr. James Billington makes welcoming remarks.
--
Paul Allaire makes remarks.
--
Senator Thomas Daschle makes brief remarks.
--
Representative Thomas makes brief remarks.
--
A reading is given by the Honorable William Rehnquist, Chief
Justice, United States Supreme Court.
--
A reading is given by Newt Gingrich, Speaker, United States
House of Representatives.
--
A reading is given by the President.
:
The President makes remarks.
:
Musical selections are performed by Marilyn Horne.
--
Dr. James Billington concludes the program.
--
The President departs.
8:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs the Library of Congress via motorcade en
route the White House
[drive time: 5 minutes]
9:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives the White House
BC AND HRC RON
THE WHITE HOUSE
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1997
SCHEDULING DIRECTOR:
STEPHANIE STREETT
HOME:
202-332-5651
OFFICE:
202-456-2823
WHCA PAGER:
4033
EVENT COORDINATOR:
LAURA GRAHAM
HOME:
703-212-7642
OFFICE:
202-456-2349
WHCA PAGER:
4809
PRESS COORDINATOR:
JEREMY GAINES
HOME:
202-362-5475
OFFICE:
202-456-5771
WHCA PAGER:
4194
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1997
10:30 am-
MEETING
10:45 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Erskine Bowles
10:45 am-
BRIEFING
11:00 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Sandy Berger
11:00 am-
MEETING
11:05 am
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Stephanie Streett
11:15 am-
HOLD FOR INTERVIEWS
1:30 pm
SITE TBA
Staff Contact: Michael McCurry
CLOSED PRESS
1:30 pm-
LUNCH WITH VICE PRESIDENT GORE
2:30 pm
OVAL OFFICE
2:30 pm-
BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB PHOTO
2:40 pm
OVAL OFFICE
Staff Contact: Maria Echaveste
WHITE HOUSE PHOTO ONLY
2:45 pm-
PHONE/OFFICE TIME
6:30 pm
OVAL OFFICE
OPTION:
5:00 pm-
DROP-BY FDR RECEPTION
5:15 pm
STATE FLOOR
Staff Contact: Melanne Verveer
Event Coordinator: Setti Warren
WHITE HOUSE PHOTO ONLY
Note: The First Lady is scheduled to address the group beginning
at 5:00 pm. Following remarks, the First Lady will do a
receiving line with guests.
6:30 pm-
DOWN TIME
7:00 pm
RESIDENCE
7:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady depart the White House via
motorcade en route the DC Armory
[drive time: 10 minutes]
7:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady arrive the DC Armory
Greeters:
7:20 pm-
PHOTO RECEIVING LINE
7:40 pm
SITE TBA
DC Armory
Staff Contact: Craig Smith
Event Coordinator: Laura Graham
CLOSED PRESS
--
The President and First Lady do a photo receiving line with
forty five guests.
7:45 pm-
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE GALA
8:40 pm
SITE TBA
DC Armory
Remarks: Laura Capps
Staff Contact: Craig Smith
Event Coordinator: Laura Graham
POOL PRESS (Remarks only)
Note: There is a pre-program.
Note: This is a black tie affair.
--
Off-stage announcement of the President and First Lady, Vice
President and Mrs. Gore, to "Ruffles and Flourishes" and
"Hail to the Chief" performed by person tba.
--
The President and First Lady, Vice President and Mrs. Gore
proceed to their seats at tables.
--
Band tba performs one song.
--
Tommy Lee Jones makes brief remarks and invites the
President and First Lady, Vice President and Mrs. Gore to join
him on stage.
(Pool Press enters)
--
Mrs. Gore makes brief remarks and introduces the First Lady.
--
The First Lady makes brief remarks and introduces the Vice
President.
--
The Vice President makes brief remarks and introduces the
President.
--
The President makes remarks.
:
Upon conclusion of remarks, the President and First Lady,
Vice President and Mrs. Gore depart.
8:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady depart the DC Armory via
motorcade en route the Hyatt Regency Hotel
[drive time: 5 minutes]
8:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady arrive the Hyatt Regency Hotel
Greeters:
8:55 pm-
REMARKS TO THE SAXOPHONE CLUB
9:35 pm
ROOM TBA
The Hyatt Regency Hotel
Remarks: Laura Capps
Staff Contact: Craig Smith
Event Coordinator: Laura Graham
POOL PRESS
--
Off-stage announcement of the President and First Lady, Vice
President and Mrs. Gore to "Ruffles and Flourishes" and "Hail
to the Chief".
--
Tracy Bonham performs one song.
--
Billy Baldwin makes brief remarks and introduces Mrs. Gore.
--
Mrs. Gore makes brief remarks and introduces the First Lady.
--
The First Lady makes brief remarks and introduces the Vice
President.
--
The Vice President makes brief remarks and introduces the
President.
--
The President makes remarks.
--
Upon conclusion of remarks, the President and First Lady,
Vice President and Mrs. Gore work a ropeline and depart.
9:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady depart the Hyatt Regency Hotel
via motorcade en route the White House
[drive time: 10 minutes]
9:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady arrive the White House
BC AND HRC RON
THE WHITE HOUSE