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241328105
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[03/04/1998 - 08/19/1998]
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241328105
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document
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[03/04/1998 - 08/19/1998]
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collections
Tape Restoration Project (TRP) Emails
Tape Restoration Project (TRP) Email from the White House Office (WHO) Bucket
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241328105
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26444828-20190159F-WHO-001-2022
[Socialism]
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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. email
From USIA_Media_Reaction, Re: Daily Digest: CHINA'S NEW
03/23/1998
P3/b(3)
LEADERSHIP [partial] [10 U.S.C. § 424] (1 page)
002. email
From USIA_Media_Reaction, re: Early Report: RUSSIA, MIDEAST
04/27/1998
P3/b(3)
PEACE [partial] [10 U.S.C. § 424] (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Tape Restoration Project [Email]
(WHO)
OA/Box Number: 500000
FOLDER TITLE:
[03/04/1998 - 08/19/1998]
2019-0159-F
bg283
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: SUNTUM_M ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
CREATION DATE/TIME: 4-MAR-1998 18:03:34.00
SUBJECT: RESEND of 1998-03/03 POTUS remarks at Time Mag. anniversary
TO: Reuben L. Musgrave_Jr. ( [email protected] [ oa ])
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"/R=OPUS/R=MRP/PR-L=AVUOEOB/PR-U=TDIXON/FFN=Timothy_Dixon/"@mr.eop.gov[_UNKNOWN 1)
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TEXT:
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
March 3, 1998
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT TIME MAGAZINE 75TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION
Radio City Music Hall
New York City, New York
10:59 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Thank you Walter,
Gerry Levin, and all the people at Time. Tonight, Time has paid
tribute to the time it not only observed but helped to create -- the
stunning years your founder, Henry Luce, so unforgettably called the
American Century.
To me, one man above all others is the personification
of our American century: Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Applause.)
Now, that choice might have pained Henry Luce, but surely he would
not be surprised. The story of this century we're about to leave is
really many stories -- of the ascendance of science and technology;
the rise of big government and mass media; the movements for equality
for women and racial minorities; the dynamic growth and disruptive
force of the Industrial Age.
But when our children's children look back, they will
see that above all else, the story of the 20th century is the story
of the triumph of freedom. Freedom, the victory of democracy over
totalitarianism, of free enterprise over state socialism, of
tolerance over bigotry and ignorance. The advance of freedom has
made this the American century; for in this century, America has made
freedom ring. The embodiment of the triumph, the driving force
behind it, was Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Today, with the happy outcome known to all, it is
tempting to look back and say the victory was assured, inevitable
--but it wasn't. In the face of the 20th century's greatest crisis,
decisively, irrevocably, President Roosevelt committed America to
freedom's fight. Because of that commitment and its embrace by every
American leader since, today we can say, for the very first time in
all of human history, a majority of the world's people live under
governments of their own choosing in freedom.
Winston Churchill said that Franklin Roosevelt's life
was "one of the commanding events in human history." He was born to
privilege, but he understood the aspirations of farmers and factory
workers and forgotten Americans. My grandfather came from a little
town of about 50 people. He had a 4th grade education. He believed
Franklin Roosevelt was his friend, a man who cared about him and his
family and his child's future. Polio put him in a wheelchair, but
he lifted our troubled nation to its feet and he got us moving again.
He was a patrician who happily addressed the Daughters
of the American Revolution as, "my fellow immigrants." He was a
master politician, a magnificent Commander-in-Chief Yes, his life
had its fair share of disappointments and failures, but they never
broke his spirit or his faith in God or his people. Because he
always rose to the occasion, so did we. FDR was guided not by the
iron dictates of ideology, but by the pragmatism by what he called
bold persistent experimentation. If one thing doesn't work, he said,
try another thing; but above all, try something. It drove his
critics crazy, but it worked.
He brought joy and nobility to public service as he
completed the mission of his kinsman, Theodore Roosevelt, forging a
progressive government for the Industrial Age, taming the savage
cycle of boom and bust, giving our citizens the economic security and
the skills they needed to build the great American middle class.
In our century's struggle for freedom, President
Roosevelt won two great victories.
By confronting the gravest threat capitalism had ever
faced -- the Great Depression -- he strengthened economic liberty for
all time, teaching us that free markets require effective government,
one in which individual initiative and the call of community are not
at odds, but instead are woven together in one seamless social
fabric.
By confronting and defeating the gravest threat to
personal and political liberty the world has ever faced, he forever
committed America to the front lines of the struggle for freedom. He
taught us that even the expanses of two great oceans could not shield
America from danger or absolve America from responsibility. He
taught us that our destiny, forever, is linked to the destiny of the
world, that our freedom requires us to support freedom for all
others, that humanity's cause must be America's cause.
Now we know what came of Roosevelt and his generation's
"rendezvous with destiny." What will come of ours? To this
generation of the millennium, in President Roosevelt's words, "much
has been given" and "much is asked."
When Roosevelt ran for President in 1932, he said, "new
times demand new responses from government." He saved capitalism
from its own excesses, so it could again be a force for progress and
freedom. Now we work to modernize government, saving it from its
excess of debt, so that again it is a force for progress and freedom
in a new era.
As Roosevelt gave Americans security in the Industrial
Age, now we work to give Americans opportunity in the Information
Age. As Roosevelt asked us to meet the crushing burden of the
Depression with bold persistent experimentation, now we must bring
the same attitude to the challenges and unrivaled opportunities of
this era to our schools, our streets, our poorest neighborhoods, to
the fight against disease, the exploration of space, the preservation
of the environment.
As Roosevelt established that security and opportunity
for ordinary Americans required our leadership and cooperation with
like-minded people throughout the world, now we must commit ourselves
to the common struggle against new threats to the security and
prosperity of ordinary people everywhere. For even more than in
President Roosevelt's time, our prospects are bound to the world's
progress.
Like FDR, we look around us and see a world that is not
yet fully free. The advance of democracy has been steady, but it
isn't irreversible.
For our generation, what does freedom mean? Well, at
least the long, delayed achievement of President Roosevelt's dream of
a Europe undivided, democratic and at peace for the first time in
history. What does "freedom from fear" mean? Well, at least,
freedom for our children from the worry of nuclear, chemical or
biological weapons. What does "freedom from fear" or "freedom from
want" mean? Well, at least, for the world, a fair chance for people
in every land to develop their minds, find reward in honest labor,
and raise their children in peace according to the dictates of their
conscience.
America must work to secure this kind of freedom with
our allies and friends whenever possible, alone if absolutely
necessary. We work today through the United Nations, which FDR
helped to create and which he named. I salute Secretary General Kofi
Annan tonight for what he has done. (Applause). Bearing an
unequivocal message from the international community, backed by the
credible threat of force, the Secretary General obtained Iraq's
commitment to honor United Nations' resolutions on weapons
inspection. Now the Security Council clearly and unanimously has
supported the agreement. Iraq must match its words and its deeds,
its commitment with compliance.
In the tradition of FDR, America and its partners must
make sure that happens. And in the tradition of FDR, America must
support the United Nations and other institutions for global security
and prosperity, and that means we ought to pay our fair share.
(Applause).
In the darkest hours of the Second World War, Franklin
Roosevelt proclaimed, "We have faith that future generations will
know that here in the middle of the 20th century, there came a time
when men of goodwill found a way to unite and produce and fight to
destroy the forces of ignorance and intolerance and slavery and war."
More than any other 20th century American, Franklin
Roosevelt fulfilled the mandate of America's founders. When
everything was on the line, he pledged our lives, our fortunes, our
sacred honor to the preservation of liberty, the pursuit of
happiness, the creation of a more perfect union.
The next century is now barely 700 days away. It will
be many things new: a time of stunning leaps of science; a century
of dizzying technology; a digital century; an era in which the very
face of our nation will change.
Yet in all the newness, what is required of us still is
to follow President Roosevelt's lead, to strengthen the bonds of our
union, widen the circle of opportunity, and deepen the reach of
freedom. That is the tribute we ought to pay to him. God willing,
we will. And if we do, we will make the 21st century the next
American century -- and the happy warrior will be smiling down on us.
Thank you and God Bless you. (Applause.)
END
11:12 P.M. EST
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: ProSpace ( Prospace <[email protected]> [ UNKNOWN )
CREATION DATE/TIME: 5-MAR-1998 01:02:18.00
SUBJECT: PROSPACE: Legislative ACTION Alert: Help the entrepreneurial space companies!
TO: Prospace Announcements (Prospace Announcements <[email protected]> [ UNKNOWN 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
Timothy L. Newell ( CN=Timothy L. Newell/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Note: Some recipients have been dropped due to syntax errors.Please refer to the "$AdditionalHeaders" item for the
complete headers.
To unsubscribe from this list, send a message to [email protected] with
"unsubscribe prospace-release" in the body of the message
ProSpace Legislative ACTION Alert
*
Alert No. 98-2, 3/03/98
*
*
Help the entrepreneurial space companies!
*
World Wide Web: www.prospace.org
*
Dear Prospace American,
In 1997, for the first time, world-wide commercial space revenues
exceeded government space expenditures. In 1998, U.S.
Department of Transportation projects that commercial space
launches will grow by over 50% from the previous year. Since
1992, over $1 Billion has been invested in commercial remote
sensing. FINALLY, there are at least 4 companies investing tens
of millions to hundreds of millions of private capital on commercial
spaceplane concepts.
ProSpace believes this is wonderful! The world is on the verge of
a commercial space revolution. For the first time our nation has a
serious chance of achieving "Cheap Access to Space".
Unfortunately, there is a problem. The U.S. government has some
bad habits. NASA has budgeted $760 million in FY 2001-03 to
give to an aerospace company to subsidize a commercial launch
vehicle. In other words, NASA wants to pick the winners of the
coming commercial space revolution -- the Steve Jobs', the Bill
Gates', and the Bill Boeing's of the 21st Century. ProSpace
believes this wrong.
The government is awful at picking winners (it tends to pick
companies which have the best lobbyists and who give the biggest
political contributions). In the process, the government will scare
away the private investors of all the other commercial spaceplane
concepts, and kill the entire industry.
Read the recent congressional testimony of Gary Hudson, Chief
Executive Officer of Rotary Rocket Company.
"Now, you are being asked to set aside $760 million in future
budgets so the aerospace prime contractors can continue at
the feeding trough Why? Because their own shareholders
don't believe their engineers have the skills to carry out
rocket development on a profitable basis.
I am here to testify that at least four companies do have
shareholders who believe in their skills. And these companies
have bankers andother investors who are putting hundreds of
millions of dollars at risk in the quest for affordable space
transportation.
I'm sure you can guess how all these privately-funded
companies feel about reserving three quarters of a billion
dollars to continue the aerospace welfare system.
It's time for NASA to simply put its launch needs up for
bid, as the law requires, and let competition decide what
companies and technologies are best suited to supply them."
In response, Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA), who is Chairman of the
House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, Chairman made the
following statement:
"So it bothers me when, before we've even flown the X-33,
NASA sends a potentially confusing signal to industry and
Wall Street about whether it wants commercially developed
RLVs or government-funded Shuttle upgrades or replacements.
Let me be clear: we can't achieve the scientific and
commercial goals we all have in space unless we change the
game in space transportation from socialism to capitalism.
That means free and honest competition, both in technology
demonstrations and development incentives."
For the full congressional statement of Gary Hudson or Chairman
Rohrabacher, visit <http://www.prospace.org>.
ACTION REQUESTED - Write to your Elected Leaders
The commercial space companies deserve an even chance!! Please
write now to your Member of Congress and 2 Senators! This is
your opportunity to give them a chance, and support "Cheap Access
to Space".
WHAT TO DO:
1) Get the Name and Address of your Senators and Member of
Congress by typing in your zip code at <http://www.vote-smart.org/>.
2) Use the following template, or write your own letter.
DATE
The Honorable XXXX
ADDRESS
Washington, DC ZZZZZ
Dear Honorable XXXX,
I am a constituent of yours from YYYYYY, and I am writing to
ask for your support for the coming commercial revolution in space.
Our country is on the verge of an historic achievement - Cheap
Access to Space.
A growing number of private companies are investing hundreds of
millions of dollars in totally reusable spaceplanes. This includes
companies like Kistler Aerospace, Rotary Rocket, Lockheed Martin,
Kelly Space and Technology and Pioneer Rocketplane.
At the same time, NASA is proposing to give taxpayer funds to
companies to build competing launch vehicles. In 1998, NASA is
looking at the giving $30 million in 1998 to one or two companies
with the Bantam Low Cost Boost Technology program. More
importantly, NASA has budgeted $760 million in FY 2001-03 to
give to a company of their choice to build a semi-commercial
launch vehicle.
I believe this is wrong. This will scare away all private investors
who are funding the wonderful commercial spaceplane concepts.
Why would Wall Street invest in a private company, when NASA
is giving the taxpayer's money to one of their competitors?
The commercial space companies need a level playing field. NASA
should put its launch needs up for bid, as required by law, and let
competition and free enterprise decide which company has the best
solution.
Please do something to help.
Sincerely yours,
Signature
FULL NAME
ADDRESS
CITY/State/Zip
An Opportunity to Lead
Ask your friends to write, too!
Forward this email alert to your prospace friends and colleagues,
and ask them to write letters. If you are part of a space group or
organization, get them actively involved (officially or un-officially)
as soon as possible.
For more information on these issues, including detailed transcripts
of congressional testimony and current commercial space legislation
being considered by Congress, visit <http://www.prospace.org>
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Jkaxiom3 ( Jkaxiom3 <[email protected]> [ UNKNOWN 1)
CREATION DATE/TIME: 7-MAR-1998 15:51:33.00
SUBJECT: Racism At Its Precipice
TO: OneAmerica ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
One America ( CN=One America/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Racism At Its Precipice
By Joseph Kellard
In his address last July that formally initiated his commission to
overcome racism in America, President Clinton announced that he would
continue
to uphold and defend affirmative action and racial "diversity" policies in
education and employment. This confirmed that his commission would
perpetuate
racism.
In 1996, the enactment of Proposition 209 required three law schools at
the University of California to drop affirmative action as part of their
admissions process. Thereafter admissions of black applicants plunged at
the
UCLA law school by 80 percent; at UC-Berkeley by 81 percent; and at
UC-Davis
by 26 percent; while admissions rose accordingly for white and Asian
applicants. Certain affirmative action and diversity proponents, such as
President Clinton and Jesse Jackson, have claimed that these measures
indicate
a return to "segregation", a claim that manipulatively ties the forced
segregation of students of years past to the abolishment of the forced
integration that affirmative action sanctions today. Ward Connerly,
however,
who led California's campaign to end affirmative action policies, wrote,
"This
shamefully underscores how much race and race alone has been used instead
of
merit in our halls of higher education."
"Unfortunately," Mr. Connerly added, "three decades and $5.4 trillion
of
Federal Government spending later, Dr.[Martin Luther] King's dream still
remains unfulfilled and nearly all of America knows that the Great Society
has
become an expensive failed tribute to the collective liberal imagination."
A
testament to its failure is that many Americans are increasingly choosing
to
live among people of their own race.
Affirmative action and diversity proponents agree that Dr. King's
professed dream, where children are judged by the content of their
character
instead of their race, is still unfulfilled. But, they maintain, that is
not
because of their policies and actions.
However, to the extent blacks are not improving scholastically and
economically, significant blame rests with the scapegoats created for them
by
their self-proclaimed spokesman. To justify the perpetual support of their
failed polices of reparations, these spokesmen invoke the falsehoods of
racial-group victimhood and guilt by resurrecting the past enslavement and
maltreatment of blacks; and assert that such maltreatment is still
pervasive.
All the while government has instituted their affirmative action, which
forcibly discriminates against innocents based on their race, and their
anti-
discrimination laws, which renders criminal any non-coercive
discrimination of
blacks, whether irrational or rational, by private property owners.
Thus, their careers have only been nominally devoted to combating
racism,
since they have refused to identifying/accept racism as essentially the
belief
that an individual's fundamental or complete identity is determined
primarily
or exclusively by his race/ethnicity- not by his individual virtues, values
and actions. They refused to accept this because it is their fundamental
premise.
When their policies have been demonstrated to be race-based, i.e.,
anti-
individualism, and welfare-socialist, and therefore impotent as remedies
for
racism, they act like children unwilling to admit their guilt and
embarrassment for their lies and failures. Instead, they project such
feelings
on others and blame anyone and anything but themselves for the plight of
many
blacks, as they maintain that their policies need *more* time, *more*
government money, and need to be run *more* efficiently by bureaucrats to
materialize.
They are analogous to the rationalizers who defend socialism in theory
but
claim its worldwide failure was due to its inefficient practitioners.
Affirmative action and welfare-socialist proponents, who are one and the
same,
refuse to grasp that their ideas failed in practice because they are false
in
theory. They nevertheless shamelessly scramble for anything to propagate
"race-consciousness," and now enshrine racial "diversity" as a standard of
value.
But observe how the concept of "diversity" is being manipulated to
smuggle into American minds fundamentally corrupt and racist ideas. In his
speech, President Clinton emphasized the racial diversity and excellence of
America's military; then he concluded, "No one questions that they are the
best in the world. So much for the argument that excellence and diversity
do
not go hand in hand."
Did America's military become the best because "diversity" was its
primary
purpose? Did basketball's Chicago Bulls win five NBA titles in the past
seven
years because they are a racially "diverse" team? Both the U.S. military
and
the Chicago Bulls are the best in their professions because ability,
competence and achievement, not "diversity", are their standards of value.
That both possess racial diversity is a meaningless consequence.
Mr. Clinton attempted to manipulatively mix as equal in standard racial
diversity with that which renders it irrelevant: individualism. The
diversity
proponents now simply have to find any example where racial diversity is a
consequence of these individual values, and then claim "diversity," at
least
in part, begets achievement.
This is another sign that their efforts to inculcate their ideas are
becoming more desperate; another sign that they're at their precipice. But
as
long as their intellectual con gams pass unnoticed and are embraced by most
Americans, their ultimate fall will only come with America's end.?
? Joseph Kellard is a freelance writer living in New York. To hire him or
to
be included on is e-mail list to receive his various articles, essays and
letters, write to him by e-mail at: [email protected] or by mail at: PO Box
334, Rockville Centre, NY 11571-0334
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. email
From USIA_Media_Reaction, Re: Daily Digest: CHINA'S NEW
03/23/1998
P3/b(3)
LEADERSHIP [partial] [10 U.S.C. § 424] (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Tape Restoration Project [Email]
(WHO)
OA/Box Number: 500000
FOLDER TITLE:
[03/04/1998 08/19/1998]
2019-0159-F
bg283
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: USIA_Media_Reaction ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
CREATION DATE/TIME:23-MAR-1998 16:23:01.00
SUBJECT: Daily Digest: CHINA'S NEW LEADERSHIP:
TO: 161JJS ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO:
(b)(3)
[ UNKNOWN ])
[001]
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TO: anderson 1 ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
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TO: foleyj ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN ] )
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TO: gbeas101 ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
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TO: gibney ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: glynn ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: herman ( herman%[email protected] [ UNKNOWN 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: ica ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: JCARPER ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: jcheverie ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: JGibson ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: K_Haley ([email protected][UNKNOWN])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: kandersn ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Lehman ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: libacq ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Lou Lantner ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: mconnell ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: rodriguezl ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: torda ( [email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
READ:UNKNOWN
Lori L. Anderson ( CN=Lori L. Anderson/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Media analysts in Asia and Europe detected signs of a "rejuvenated" and
"reform-minded" China following the nomination of Zhu Rongji and other key
members of the leadership hierarchy at the National People's Congress
meeting that concluded in Beijing last week. Praise for Mr. Zhu as China's
new premier was nearly unanimous, with most commentators describing him as
an "energetic reformer" capable of leading the world's most populous nation
into the 21st century. That said, few underestimated the magnitude of the
problems facing China and the new premier, with most writers outlining
projected massive unemployment and the reform of the state-owned
enterprises as the primary challenges facing the Chinese leadership. Some
pundits saw the selection of Tang Jiaxuan, described as a "recognized Japan
expert" as foreign minister, as a sign that China wished to "strengthen
further the China-U.S.-Japan tripartite relationship." Commentators also
noted two developments on the human rights front--China's announcement
earlier this month that it would sign the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, and the U.S.' decision not to sponsor a resolution
condemning China's human rights record at the UN Human Rights Commission
meeting in Geneva this month. The majority of available commentary saw
the U.S. decision as the "correct" way to influence a "giant" such as
China, but London's conservative Daily Telegraph condemned the move,
charging that "Western policy on human rights in China (had been)
corrupted by greed (and had) become miserably myopic." Following are
highlights from the commentaries:
LEADERSHIP FOR THE NEW MILLENIUM: 'AGE OF THE DRAGON?'--Editorials from
all regions agreed with Seoul's moderate Hankook Ilbo assessment that, "by
choosing Zhu Rongji as the new premier, China has demonstrated that it is
now moving solidly toward economic reform." Writers also saw the selection
of Hu Jintao, the youngest vice president in China's modern history, as
indicative of "a changing of the guard among the aging Communist Party
mandarins." Calcutta's centrist Telegraph observed that, under Mr. Zhu's
leadership--and the watchful eye of President Jiang Zemin--China was "on
the threshold of superpower status," predicting: "If Mr. Zhu does his job,
the new millenium may also mark the beginning of an age of the dragon."
HUMAN RIGHTS: 'COUNTERING CONTAINMENT WITH ENGAGEMENT'--China's official
media welcomed the U.S. decision not to sponsor that they called
"anti-China bills" at the UN Human Rights Commission meeting in Geneva "a
wise move" that would "promote the health and stability of the Sino-U.S.
relationship." The independent Hong Kong Standard viewed China's vow to
sign the covenant on civil and political rights as a "giant step forward"
for China. Germany's centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung judged that "seething
unrest" beneath China's "facade" had forced Beijing's leaders to decide to
sign the covenant, whereas New Delhi's centrist Hindu saw that same
decision as a clever move designed to "effectively neutralize" Western
criticism. "Quite simply," that paper stated, "China has countered
containment with engagement."
This survey is based on 75 reports from 19 countries, March 6 - 23.
EDITOR: Kathleen J. Brahney
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
CHINA: "Session Backs Reforms"
Official, English-language China Daily featured this commentary (3/20):
"The message from the concluded conferences is clear: China will continue,
at a pace it sets for itself, the bold policies of reform and opening with
even greater vigor, determination and confidence. This will undoubtedly be
a blessing, not only for China, but for peace and development through the
entire world."
"Striding Into The New Century"
This commentary appeared in official China Youth Party China Youth Daily (
Zhongguo Qingnianbao, 3/20): "Deputies of the NPC (National People's
Congress) and the CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference) held high the banner of Deng Xiaoping's theory...and further
mobilized the Chinese people to carry out the cause of building socialism
with Chinese characteristics."
"Efficient Government Leads China Into 21st Century"
Wang Yong wrote in official English-language China Daily (3/19): "With the
formation of a younger-than-usual cabinet, China put a group of specialists
in the political limelight for the 21st century.. Analysts said the
establishment of the new cabinet marks a consolidation of China's third
generation of leadership, with President Jiang Zemin at the core."
"Chinese Reform Enters New Stage"
Ji Wen wrote in official Central Legal And Political Commission Legal Daily
(Fazhi Ribao) (3/19): "Most in the United States view the Chinese economic
situation as annually improving. They believe that, at this crucial moment
of reform, the new Chinese leaders are capable of successfully fulfilling
the reform task."
"A Wise Decision"
Official Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin Ribao) declared (3/18):
"Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Zhu Bangzao said it is wise of the
United States to discontinue sponsoring anti-China bills at the UN Human
Rights Commission conference. That decision will promote the health and
stability of the Sino-U.S. relationship."
"A Wise Move"
Dong Zhenbang declared in official Central Legal and Political Commission
Legal Daily (Fazhi Ribao, 3/17): "The U.S. government declared on March
14, there will be no more U.S.-sponsored bills at the UN aimed at China
Human Rights status. The announcement is a significant and wise move in
the U.S.-China policy, as well as a new step in the development of the
Sino-U.S. relationship. Additionally, President Clinton has decided to
visit China ahead of schedule.. The U.S. announcement to give up bills
against China's human rights status will definitely promote the development
of Sino-U.S. relations."
"Non-State-Owned Enterprises To Play New Role"
Wang Chuandong pointed out in official, English-language China Daily
(3/16): "Vice-chairman of the ninth National Committee (of the NPC) Jing
Shuping stated that with the stronger financial support promised by the
government, prospects for the non-state owned economy are even brighter and
will play an important role in the development of the high-tech industry."
"Reform Doubters Out Of Line"
Bian Hongwei opined in official, English-language China Daily (3/13): "The
bill on institutional restructuring, one of the most important issues of
the ongoing Ninth National People's Congress, stirred nods of approval from
almost all delegates on Tuesday. However, some outsiders downplay the
significance of the bill (Such skeptics) failed to see the underlying
spirit behind China's latest move towards administrative reform. Anyone
with a reasonable understanding of China should be able to sense that this
time, the Chinese government is determined to cut bureaucracy and red
tape.... With the deepening of China's opening-up policy, common people
have become more aware of the rule of law in safeguarding their rights. An
efficient government with clearly defined functions can act as a bridge
between the general public and the law, providing high quality service in
accordance with the law."
"People's Congress Deputies Agree On Key Issues"
According to official, English-language China Daily (3/12): "Chinese
lawmakers attending the first session of the Ninth National People's
Congress, China's top legislature, have shown astonishing unanimity in
their view on a series of major issues. Most legislators pointed out that
the 'bottlenecks' in China's state enterprise reform at present are the
re-employment of laid-off workers and the early establishment of a social
security system."
"Bold Reforms Welcomed"
Official, English-language China Daily stressed (3/11): "Unlike the past
unsuccessful attempts to restructure government institutions, these reforms
focus on solving problems by redefining and redesigning government
functions in accordance with the needs of the developing market
economy... This institutional restructuring is truly a 'revolution' and
shows China's determination to move forward. The reforms (in both economic
and political structures) aim at establishing the socialist market
economy."
"Window Into China"
Jiang Chang pointed out in official Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin
Ribao, 3/8): "The National People's Congress and the Chinese People's
Political Consultative Conference have opened a window through which the
international community can learn about the new economic reforms of the
Chinese government. These include reforming the state-owned enterprises and
the move away from macroeconomic policies."
HONG KONG: "Signs Of Weakness In Clinton's Brave Act"
The independent, English-language South China Morning Post (3/20) had this
commentary by Simon Beck: "There is no doubt that in finally dropping the
hot coal of the Geneva ritual, the administration is pleasing the powerful
lobby, dominated by corporate America, which had always advocated a less
confrontational approach to the China question However, an equally
large lobby of China skeptics will argue that the world's only superpower
is allowing itself to be manipulated by a weaker opponent; and one does not
have to look further than last week's news that China was discussing a
further nuclear component deal with Iran-contravening an agreement with
the United States that is only four months old--to find ammunition for that
view."
"Visit Timed Too Early To Bear Fruit"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard (3/20) had this
commentary by Charles Snyder: "Several reports over the past week have
indicated that President Bill Clinton might have moved up his state visit
to China to late June because of the upcoming Paula Jones sex-scandal
trial. Unfortunately, those reports have the ring of truth.
"If so, it would be a pity, because U.S.-China relations are more important
than Mr. Clinton's ratings in the polls
The problem is, the earlier
the trip, the less that Mr. Clinton and President Jiang Zemin are likely to
be able to accomplish. Summits take a long time to prepare, especially
those between two countries whose relationship is so complex and sensitive
as China and America Nevertheless, when Mr. Clinton steps down at
Beijing airport, he will be the first American president to do so since the
1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown. That will be significant enough--both
symbolically and in fact--so that even a less-than-fruitful summit could
still be called a major success."
"A Rejuvenated China"
In the view of the independent, English-language South China Morning Post's
editorial (3/18): "Only a few years ago it would have been inconceivable
for Qian Qichen to declare he was too old to continue as foreign minister.
But times have changed in China The mainland is moving toward an era
where bureaucrats will have to justify their jobs or lose them, as part of
Mr. Zhu's ruthless drive toward efficiency. Gone are the days when
high-ranking officials could expect to walk into jobs for which they were
not qualified The rejuvenation of the Chinese leadership is good for
both the nation and the world. It has strengthened international ties,
with an improvement in Sino-U.S. relations already visible. And it has
produced a leadership more in tune with the entrepreneurial spirit of the
Chinese people and the increasingly free-market nature of the nation's
economy."
"Chinese Government Recognizes Basic Human Rights"
In the view of the independent Hong Kong Economic Journal (3/16): "China
and the United States have plenty of room to cooperate in terms of economy
and strategy. 'Human rights' is the stumbling block of the bilateral
relationship. People generally believe that after China signs the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, cooperation between
the two nations will be smoother. However, the outcome is still uncertain.
China's door is more and more open. Thus, it will be easier for the world
to learn the truth if China continues to trample on human rights. At such
a time, the West would not only accuse China of violating human rights, but
would also accuse it of violating its international pledge. If China is
not wholeheartedly trying to improve its human rights situation, it should
not sign the covenant."
"Curtain Falls On Sino-U.S. Human Rights War"
Independent Ming Pao Daily News drew these conclusions (3/16): "The U.S.
government decided to drop its censure motion in the UN against China's
human rights [record]. This indicates that the seven-year-long human
rights war between China and the United States will come to an end
Recently, Western countries, which originally sided with Washington, began
to differ. First of all, France revealed it was unwilling to set itself
against Beijing on the human rights issue. The countries of the European
Union also reached a consensus this year to give up their stand on
denouncing Beijing. Hence, the United States' human rights diplomacy could
hardly continue."
"Clinton Most Welcome To Visit"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard held (3/14): "The
White House has confirmed that Mr. Clinton's itinerary [when he visits
China] is likely to include a stopover in Hong Kong His visit would be
both a welcome boost to Hong Kong politically and an important endorsement
of the implementation of the 'one country, two systems' principle and the
Basic Law. It also would underline America's commitment to this part of
the world at a time when the region is suffering the effects of financial
turmoil The average Hong Kong resident would probably catch only a
fleeting glimpse of Mr. Clinton. That is the nature of such visits. But
let there be no doubt that a presidential visit here in late June would be
extremely welcome."
"Are Human Rights Becoming Part Of China's Thinking?"
An editorial in the independent, English-language South China Morning Post
said (3/15), "Mr. Qian's announcement [that China would sign the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights] should not be
dismissed as a public relations move. Beijing has understood that
promising to abide by international standards is an effective way of
winning friends and influencing trading partners--and part of China's
growing involvement in world affairs
This may not mean significant
changes in the short term. But it does signal that human rights may be
becoming an element in China's political thinking."
"A Big Step Forward On Basic Civil Rights"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard told its readers
(3/13): "Beijing yesterday reiterated that it intended signing the
International Covenant on Civil and Political rights While we do not
begrudge critics their right to skepticism, it is important to remind
ourselves that having given what amounts to a solemn pledge on severaloccasions it would indeed be difficult for
Beijing to go back on it
What is now being contemplated is a step forward. It might be a small step
forward for human rights in general. But it is a giant step for China."
TAIWAN: "Human Rights Missing?"
The centrist, pro-status quo China Times said (3/18): "The U.S. government
has decided not to support a UN committee resolution condemning
Beijing's violations of human rights. This decision is hardly surprising,
but it came much earlier than expected The United States (would) find
itself isolated and humiliated if it really did [support the resolution].
More importantly, when U.S. President Bill Clinton announced Washington's
engagement policy with Beijing at the end of last year, the underlying
logic of its China policy was changed--that is, the containment policy will
win no support from U.S. allies or from the Chinese people The
resolution condemning China would be, by nature, in conflict
with Washington's current policy, so Washington has had to forsake it
anyway. It is noteworthy that Washington-Beijing ties are heating up
quickly as Zhu Rongji, widely liked by the Western countries, has become
China's new premier. Taiwan sitting between the relationship [between
the United States and China] is sure to experience a more serious impact
than that following the meeting between Clinton and Jiang Zemin last year."
"Clinton, Jiang To Have June Wedding?"
In the editorial view of the centrist, pro-status quo China Times (3/13):
"What will Clinton get from this trip (to Beijing)? A big hope is that
the relationship between Washington and Beijing will move on steadily
without any more complications. It would certainly please Clinton if
Communist China could open its immense market for U.S. products, but that
will not be easy to turn into a reality. Beijing is eager to join the WTO,
and Taiwan's recent conclusion of WTO talks with Washington would bring
pressure on Beijing, who may be willing to make greater concessions in its
WTO bid. If both sides reach an agreement over the WTO talks, it would be
a centerpiece for Clinton's China trip."
JAPAN: "New Leadership Will Take China Into 21st Century"
Top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri concluded (3/20): "Vice Premier Zhu
Rongji's election as premier has come as a matter of necessity for China,
which needs his proven skills in management of the economy along with his
capacity for action. Zhu now faces daunting tasks of achieving 8 percent
economic growth amid the economic crisis in Southeast Asia, while
implementing major reforms--streamlining state enterprises, overhauling the
financial system and reorganizing the government structure.
"There is a growing need for Japan and China to cooperate in dealing with
the Asian financial crisis, the Korean peninsula problem and environmental
issues. There is also an obvious need for stable relations among Japan,
the United States, China and Russia. It is in Japan's interest that China
remain a responsible world power and stable neighbor. Tokyo should be
forthright in dealing with Beijing."
"Potential Pitfalls For Zhu Rongji"
Business-oriented Nihon Keizai's editorial indicated (3/19): "Unlike the
late Deng Xiaoping, Zhu lacks close or strong ties with the Chinese
military leadership. Should his leadership fail, he would invite strong
criticism from these adversaries. Zhu cannot make any errors if he wants
to make China an economic power in the 21st century."
"Under New Leadership, China To Strengthen Ties With U.S., Japan"
Top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri's former Washington correspondent
Sugiyama observed (3/18): "As a senior Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
official put it, the formation of a new Chinese diplomatic lineup of
President Jiang Zemin, Zhu and Tang will not only promote ties with Japan
in a more business-like manner but also lead to the further strengthening
of the tripartite China-U.S.-Japan relationship. Such Chinese diplomacy
would certainly have a favorable effect on the political and economic
situation in the Asia-Pacific region
Sino-Japanese relations should
'function as a starting point' to promote a cooperative U.S.-Japan-China
relationship. In reality, however, the two countries continue to have
several long-pending issues such as China's concern over the newly-revised
U.S.-Japan Defense (Cooperation) Guidelines."
"China Faces Three Major Reforms"
An editorial in top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri observed (3/6): "Li's
report stressed the importance of reform in three areas: state-owned
enterprises, the financial system and the administrative structure. But
reform is often accompanied by pain. An estimated 5 million people are
believed to be jobless, while another 10 million are being laid off. These
numbers are likely to grow. The employment issue will be China's biggest
challenge this year. If it is not handled properly, the country's
stability could be undermined."
"Difficulties Ahead For Chinese Leadership"
Liberal Asahi had these observations (3/6): "It will not be easy for China
to implement its goal to reforming state-owned enterprises Social
stability will be indispensable to attain this goal. Political reform and
democratization becomes all the more necessary to ensure the people's will
is reflected in politics."
AUSTRALIA: "Enormous Task For China's Zhu"
The liberal Canberra Times held (3/23), "The appointment of Zhu Rongji as
prime minister of China marks another step towards economic liberalization
in the world's most populous nation. It also gives grounds for optimism
that political reform will appear on the national agenda sooner rather than
later
Mr. Zhu apparently recognizes the dimensions of his task. 'What
is waiting in front of me may be landmines or an abyss,' he said, 'but I
will blaze my trail and I have no hesitation and no misgivings.' The
statement, made at an unusually relaxed press conference, also reveals a
strength of purpose which will stand him in good stead."
INDONESIA: "Learning From China"
Independent Berita Buana editorialized (3/20): "The replacement of key
figures and changes in policies during the People's Congress demonstrated
that the Chinese government is trying to gain support from all of its
people The Chinese parliament appreciated Qian Qichen's courage to
resign as foreign minister because of his age. Qian Qichen's ability to
evaluate his own capacity is characteristic of wise leaders The changes
now taking place in China are appropriate examples for other countries,
including Indonesia, to follow."
"Serious Preparations For 21st Century"
Leading, independent Kompas commented (3/20): "Recent development in China
show how a country can evolve with the times. Such flexibility enables
China to survive and manage to cope with each crisis without getting shaken
by too many jolts."
"China's New, Young Leadersip"
In the editorial view of independent, afternoon Suara Pembaruan (3/19):
"It is interesting to observe that in the world's largest country, with 1.2
billion people and a communist system, pure democracy is still maintained.
Zhu was elected in a vote, though there was some engineering The rise
of Zhu and other younger leaders are results of China's well-organized
regeneration program, and consequently has positive effects on Chinese
development and national welfare."
"Zhu's Bold Reforms"
The leading, independent Jakarta Post asserted (3/20): "The voting rights
granted to National People's Congress members reflects that gradual
political liberation is underway in a country often referred to as the
'Bamboo Curtain.' Many believe that greater political relaxation will be
introduced in China in the foreseeable future to boost its ambitious
economic reforms. Especially now that Zhu, who proved himself a capable
technocrat as mayor of Shanghai due to his broad outlook and deep faith in
market operation, said yesterday that he was in favor of democratic
elections of leaders in China."
"China Faces Upcoming Era"
Leading, independent Kompas said (3/18): "(China) will be facing very big
challenges ahead. Amid the looming economic crisis in Asia, China is aware
that it is dealing with a world with more aggressive political and economic
competitors. Strong leadership is obviously required to cope with the
challenge. Besides reinforcing experienced leadership, the Chinese elite
is also filled with those of the younger generation as part of a
regeneration process."
"Chinese Reforms"
Independent, afternoon daily Suara Pembaruan held (3/16): "If political
reforms face hurdles (in China), economic reforms surely will not succeed."
SINGAPORE: "Give China Due Credit"
The pro-government Straits Times opined (3/21), "As expected, the Western
world's human rights do-gooders are whining over the American decision not
to seek censure of China at the meeting of the United Nations Human Rights
Commission, now underway in Geneva. Amnesty International scolded the
U.S. government for exaggerating the few positive steps China had taken,
and said it should insist on concrete improvements that can be accepted
universally as real progress.
"These strictures are a mantra but, while a nuisance sometimes, they do act
as a brake on the worst instances of rights abuse. That granted, these
pressure groups have not kept up with the altered politics of the human
rights crusade if they give insufficient weight to what has been happening
(in China.)
"This week, in an announcement that was clearly timed to coincide with the
U.S. plan to abandon backing for the Geneva resolution, China said it would
sign the covenant on political and civil rights. This is of great moment,
as the covenant goes to the heart of China's attitude towards political
dissent This is why pressure, though in less objectionable forms, has
its uses. Without it, there must be doubt whether China (would) have
relaxed its control by this much. In this regard, the country will be on
notice to prove its intent in observing the covenant. The rights encoded
are guaranteed in China's constitution, but have suffered in the
observance. The United States took 15 years between the signing and
ratification of the document. For China, the time taken may matter less
than the tolerance it shows for dissenting views."
SOUTH KOREA: "Fourth-Generation Leaders Emerge For New Century"
Anti-establishment Hankyoreh Shinmun judged (3/20): "The Ninth National
People's Congress has concluded, and it has showed that China is no longer
in an 'era of charisma' in which one person makes all the decisions
The next three years, designated by China as the period of reform for its
administrative, state-run business and financial sectors, will be important
not only for China, but for the international community."
"China Is Changing"
Independent Dong-A Ilbo noted these developments (3/20): "The (National
People's) Congress shows a China very different from that of five years
ago. Many reform-minded technocrats were selected as leaders of the
country. That the congress saw a significant number of 'no' votes on
some proposals was a sign that the country is going through a significant
political transformation."
"China Riding Carriage Toward Reform"
Moderate Hankook Ilbo judged (3/19): "President Jiang's strengthened
leadership and the rise of the new premier, Zhu Rongji, were in fact the
two greatest achievements of the (National People's) Congress. With these
two men out in front, the 'China Reform Boat' now is launched and is
expected to pick up speed. Reformers, however, cannot expect smooth
sailing all the time. They face the problems of privatizing state-run
businesses and overcoming resistance to reform. In addition, there are the
unemployment and the economic crises from which neighboring countries are
now suffering. All these issues will be key tests."
"Winds Of Reform In China"
Anti-establishment Hankyoreh Shinmun had this assessment (3/18): "China,
which aspires to be a world power like the United States, is headed toward
ambitious reforms
The selection of high-level officials at the
National People's Congress and the reform blueprint laid out there are
clear indicators of where the country is headed. With Jiang re-elected as
president and Zhu as premier, China's post-Deng-era political system is now
in place. Conservative Li Peng is finally resigning his premier post,
paving the way for bold reforms by people like President Jiang and Premier
Zhu. The selection of Hu Jintao as Vice President drew most attention.
The most daunting challenge these reformers face is what to do with China's
massive state-run businesses."
"China Under Zhu Rongji"
Moderate Hankook Ilbo judged (3/18): "By choosing Zhu Rongji as the new
premier, China has demonstrated that it now is moving solidly toward
economic reform, including market liberalization The selection of Tang
Jiaxuan, a recognized Japan expert, shows that China considers Japan to be
a serious partner on regional economic and security issues."
"Hu Jintao Chosen As China's Vice President"
Conservative Chosun Ilbo made these observations (3/17): "The selection of
Hu Jintao as China's vice president implies that the country is already
beginning to prepare itself for the making of a fourth-generation national
leader who will succeed Jiang Zemin. Hu's sudden rise to the vice
presidency also indicates that China is fully committed to reforms and
ready to speed up the effort."
THAILAND: "Will Zhu Rongji Keep His Word?"
Kavi Chongkittavorn commented in the independent, English-language Nation
(3/23), "As far as ASEAN is concerned, the appointment of Tang [Jiaxuan]
as foreign minister is a welcome development in the region. He is
considered a friend of ASEAN. Tang told the Thai government when he was in
Bangkok in January that China would do its utmost to maintain the value of
the yuan Indeed, Tang knows that at this juncture, China's prestige
in Asia, especially within ASEAN, rests on China's ability to maintain the
value of the yuan. Devaluation of the currency would definitely have a
devastating effect on the economies of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and
South Korea, which are all being battered by a meltdown in their
currencies. Therefore, it is not surprising that China views its current
role as pivotal in helping to promote its global image as an unselfish or
non-hegemonistic power that pays attention to the well-being of the
region."
"Leadership Changes, But China's Ideology Remains The Same"
Elite Siam Rath remarked (3/15): "Despite deep divisions within the
Chinese Communist Party concerning the level of adherence to the core
communist ideology, party members have learned to bury the hatchet in favor
of national interests, thus preventing the Soviet-style disintegration from
occurring.. The dreams of those longing to see China turning into a
fulldemocracy, including the United States, will remain unfulfilled."
SOUTH ASIA
INDIA: "Riding The Dragon"
Calcutta's centrist Telegraph opined (3/23), "China's long march to
becoming the great Asian power is entering a perilous but exciting stage.
Politically, Beijing has put together a post-Deng Xiaoping leadership that
combines the best of party commitment and economic knowhow. Economically,
China is preparing to slay its public sector and civil bureaucracy
monsters. Simultaneously, it is making a strong but legitimate bid to be
recognized as a regional power on par with, if not replacing Japan
Mr.
Zhu's first and foremost task will be to restructure the galaxy of sickly
stars that constitute China's enormous public sector a job all the harder
because Mr. Jiang and other partymen will watch for unacceptable levels of
social unrest as Mr. Zhu wields pen and axe. He also needs to reform a
nationalized financial sector riddled with bad loans. If he succeeds, Mr.
Zhu can rightly claim a place with history's greats, earning a seat next to
Mao Zedong and Deng as a maker of modern China
"Not surprisingly, in the vacuum left by Tokyo, Washington is seeing China
as the country with both the will and the ways to be a true global player.
"This is in striking contrast to Japan which seems unable to see beyond its
coastline, even though its economy is four times the size of China's. The
Western countries are now beginning to admit China will have a key role in
ensuring there is no worldwide economic deflation. China is on the
threshold of superpower status. If Mr. Zhu does his job, the new millenium
may also mark the beginning of an age of the dragon."
"Third Revolution"
An editorial in the nationalist Hindustan Times stressed (3/18): "China's
National People's Congress bears more than a passing resemblance to the
imperial courts of yore, when emperors used to celebrate the advent of
spring with elaborate ceremonial rites to pray for continued stability and
prosperity for their cyclopean country. Perhaps the most important
change of guard amongst the aging Communist Party mandarins has been the
bestowal of the premiership on Zhu Rongji It (will) be interesting to
watch if, and how, Zhu becomes part of this important chapter in the
country's history with his brand of economic Chinese checkers."
"Destabilizing Developments"
Pundit K. Subrahmanyam put forth this analysis in the "Global Watch" column
in the pro-economic-reforms Economic Times (3/18): "The Washington Times
published a news report (3/13) that U.S. officials had uncovered new
evidence of China 'trying to sell' nuclear equipment with weapons
applications to Pakistan and Iran 'within the past several weeks.'
China has trapped the United States
China knows that the U.S.
president has no option but to certify China's non-proliferation
irrespective of the facts on the ground If, as is most probable, the
U.S. administration looks away as it did earlier on China-Pakistan nuclear
and missile relationships, it would be a clear signal to China that the
United States is prepared to swallow future Chinese proliferation
activity
The United States' permissiveness (with) respect (to the)
China-Pakistan nuclear and missile relationship (is) extremely
destabilizing in the southern Asian region
(With) the United States
keeping India in the dark, the new government in Delhi will have cause for
concern about the U.S. role in this region."
"China Scores Major Diplomatic Victory"
Under the above headline, the centrist Hindu's Tokyo correspondent, F.J.
Khergamvala, stressed (3/18): "Beijing's rulers have most effectively
neutralized Western opposition to its human rights record and the crowning
glory, or glory to crow about, comes this week in Geneva, where the annual
session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights has taken China
off its agenda
Quite simply, China has countered containment with
engagement."
"Realpolitik Assumes Primacy In Relations With China"
An editorial in the centrist Pioneer concluded (3/18): "In what can only
be termed as an extraordinary move, the United States has reportedly
expressed an inability to sponsor the routine resolution condemning China
for human rights violations Does this, then, let China off the
hook? Euphemistically, this is China's Third Revolution, another stage
in its permanent, ongoing revolution This is clearly not the time to
beat China with human rights stick Externally, too, the economic
crisis that the region experiences will impinge on China. It is left to
Zhu Rongji to better manage politics through judicious economics."
PAKISTAN: "New American Charge Against China And Pakistan"
According to an editorial in the second-largest Urdu-language Nawa-e-Waqt
(3/15): "The U.S. Under Secretary for Non-proliferation Einhorn, in a
written statement before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate, has
said that during the last few weeks, China tried to sell nuclear equipment
and material used in making nuclear arms to Pakistan and Iran.
"Since becoming the sole superpower, the United States considers China and
the Muslim bloc its rivals, is afraid of China's economic progress, and
views with great suspicion its progress in the defense field. Similarly,
countries of the Muslim world who are important because of economy, defense
or regional strategy also become the particular target of the United
States
It is time for Pakistan, among many other countries, to give
up a policy of depending solely on the United States and instead strengthen
its economic, diplomatic and defense relationships with their Chinese
neighbor If China and the Muslim bloc join forces to resist such
attempts at world domination, there is no reason why the United States and
Europe wouldn't change course and thereby eliminate the regional
imbalances."
NEPAL: "Wise Selection Of Zhu Rongji As Prime Minister"
According to government-owned Gorkhapatra (3/22): "The appointment of Zhu
Rongji as prime minister of China represents a wise selection of a
conscientious and result-oriented man for the post. His promotion to
premiership clearly reflects the Chinese objective to usher itself into the
twenty-first century with a high priority on China's economic
development. China seems determined to enhance its international
stature gradually, and is desirous of expanding its positive and useful
role in the world stage."
EUROPE
BRITAIN: "Greedy And Myopic"
Under the headline above, the conservative Daily Telegraph's editorial
commented (3/16): "First the European Union, now the United States, have
sold the pass on human rights in China At heart, the West is afraid
that criticism of China will deprive it of commercial opportunities in a
huge and rapidly growing market. That fear is apparent in Bill Clinton's
certifying that Beijing is not abetting countries seeking weapons of mass
destruction, thus opening the way to American exports to China; and in
(British Foreign Secretary) Robin Cook's plumping for the lowest common
moral denominator at last month's EU meeting. Mr. Clinton is due to visit
Beijing in June; Britain will host an Asia-Europe summit next month.
Neither government would like to puncture the conviviality of these
occasions by denouncing China Nearly nine years after Tiananmen,
Western policy on human rights in China, corrupted by greed, has become
miserably myopic."
GERMANY: "Reform Vs. Political Change"
Harald Mauss commented on the front page of centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung
(3/19): "In the spring of 1989, it had already become clear how great the
real dissatisfaction among the Chinese was with their government and the
mentality of its members to take care of themselves first. In the
beginning, the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square fought less for free
elections or freedom of opinion than against growing corruption in the
government and the party. Only later did their protests lead to political
demands for self-determination and democracy. But Zhu Rongji will by no
means grant these demands to his people. The Communist Party's claim to
leadership will probably not be touched under Zhu. It is true that Zhu
announced his fight against bureaucracy as a fundamental comprehensive
reform, but without political change, his chances for success remain
uncertain."
"Zhu's Election Elevates China's Credibility"
P. Goetting commented on national radio station Deutschlandfunk of Cologne
(3/17): "With his re-election, State President Jiang Zemin can finally
leave the shadow of his great mentor Deng Xiaoping.... This means that
China's future course is clear, since the economic and social problems have
been recognized. China is pinning its hopes on a speeding up of the
dynamics of change. But it is an open question whether this will be
successful. In any case, the successful model of China will increase in
credibility abroad with the election of Zhu Rongji."
"Thankless Task In Beijing"
Centrist Sueddeutsche Zeitung of Munich pointed out (3/18): "Once before,
Zhu Rongji achieved a minor economic miracle. That is why he is the ideal
man for the job as premier of China. But he is faced with a mountain of
new problems It is surprising how clearly the leadership in Beijing
has recognized the problems and calls them by name, (but) the recipes it is
suggesting are raising questions. The model of large-scale conglomerates
failed in South Korea; the number of unemployed (in China) is growing
faster than the government is willing to admit, and bureaucrats have
announced in public they will put up resistance to a restructuring of the
state apparatus. China's leadership knows where the problems are
But does (Zhu) know how to solve them?"
"China's Future"
Adrian Zielcke noted in an editorial in centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung
(3/17): "The United States and the EU have now for the first time given up
plans to condemn China at the UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva. For a
dissident such a Wang, this is simply a capitulation which means that the
West has given up its principles. But what sense would it make if
President Clinton and Chancellor Kohl gave up their plans to travel to
China? It is very difficult to influence a giant such as China. The more
(foreign countries) succeed in integrating the large empire into the
international community, the more difficult it will be for China to close
its gates to external influence. Beijing has now declared its willingness
to sign an international convention on human rights Beneath the united
facade Beijing is trying to lead us to believe in, there is seething
unrest among the people. During the annual People's Congress, Li Peng, the
one responsible for the massacre on Tiananmen Square nine years ago, got a
clear dressing down, while liberal forces were strengthened."
"An Energetic Reformer"
Right-of-center Fraenkischer Tag of Bamberg argued (3/10): "Zhu
Rongji intends to use all means in his power to keep the Asian crisis
from China. It may be part of the logic of this 'socialist market economy'
that giant, unprofitable state companies will be dissolved, but the price
will be high: Several millions of workers are threatened with dismissal,
and they will enter a job market that has a surplus of approximately 120
million rural workers already. It is easy to foresee that a storm is
brewing."
"Radical Chinese"
Peter Seidlitz observed in centrist General-Anzeiger of Bonn (3/10):
"Those familiar with Germany's half-hearted reforms realize what kind of
Herculean task Zhu Rongji has now shouldered and how radical the Chinese
really are. The reforms now being implemented cannot be overestimated.
They signify a giant step forward in reforming the country. The background
of this reform is clear: With a streamlined administration China wants to
modernize its system--without changing the power structure, as in the
collapsed Soviet Union."
"China's Message"
According to Werner Adam, writing for right-of-center Frankfurter
Allgemeine (3/6): "The greatest challenge for the new premier is what to
do with the millions of jobless who are about to develop in the context of
the partial privatization of large state companies."
RUSSIA: "China May Change Much In Five Years"
Sergei Guly judged in reformist Noviye Izvestia (3/20): "If reforms are a
success, the world will have an entirely different China in five years.
"But judging by Zhu's statements, this may happen even sooner. His
predecessors avoided tackling the many problems in the state sector, afraid
to touch this time bomb which, if disturbed, could blow the whole country."
BELGIUM: "Challenges For Manager Zhu"
Asian affairs writer Freddy De Pauw observed in independent Catholic De
Standaard (3/18): "China's new prime minister, Zhu Rongji wants to
consolidate the results of the recent period of growth with a reduced
growth of eight percent. But he is colliding with regional powers: The
poor provinces believe that they are entitled to a similar recovery; the
wealthy provinces believe that they cannot simply slow down. He must also
resist the temptation to devalue the currency. On the international
scene, Zhu may be in a state of grace in strong contrast with his
predecessor, Li (Peng). Consequently, he is in a relatively comfortable
position for improving the relationship with the United States, although
this chapter may be more in the hands of President and Party leader Jiang
Zemin, the man above him, who seemed to get along well recently with former
Prime Minister Li."
"Counting On Zhu"
Conservative Catholic La Libre Belgique had these thoughts (3/18) by
Philippe Paquet: "Mr. Zhu's announced appointment finally makes China
(more) predictable, which, for an international community increasingly
dependent on the behavior of that big power, is at least as important as
the economic reform initiated twenty years ago.... By refusing for the
first time to sponsor a resolution condemning human rights violations in
China before the ad hoc UN committee in Geneva, the Americans and the
Europeans have already rid Mr. Zhu of a preoccupation. It is now up to him
to prove that, on that level, he can be the engine of more than symbolic
change."
HUNGARY: "Owner Production In China"
Respected senior columnist Endre Aczel wrote in top circulation
Nepszabadsag (3/23): "The desire of people to own, in particular
societies, seems to be stronger than 'socialism'. Governments, naturally,
encouraged the privatization of the real estate markets not for mere
ideological reasons. Knowing this, the quite recent decree of the Chinese
government, which allows the privatization of estates in the second half of
this year, can certainly be called a historic move. The decree
illustrates well that in China, while it still calls itself a communist
country, the rationalization of the economy does not really respect anyprevious loan letters. The reformist Chinese
leadership believes that a
'socialist market economy' will not suffer any backlashes if social
services get separated from the national economy management and become
'marked-based.' I would just silently add that the separation of social
services and economic activity is a clever idea in itself, but this kind of
fundamental reform is not without risks."
"Beijing Balance"
An op-ed piece by centrist, conservative Magyar Nemzet's foreign editor
Lajos Pietsch pointed out (3/19): "The entire world has seen the latest
picture of the new Chinese prime minister, who, with hands folded for
prayer, is saying thank you for his election. Many understand his gesture
as the new face of a Far Eastern country and as a symbol of a tolerance and
pragmatism. The two-week assembly of the Chinese parliament has made very
important decisions on personal changes that are expected to be a key for a
more predictable development of the Chinese economy and politics. But the
new image of China might well mean that calls for political reforms become
more aggressive and voices demanding more tolerance toward human rights
ring louder. The biggest expectations appear, after all, in the sector of
economy and those expectations could count as the biggest challenge for the
junior prime minister.
"It became already obvious during the past couple of years that the acting
prime minister, a pragmatic economic expert otherwise, is not a dedicated
follower of a free market economy in its Western sense. He, on the other
hand, can be a pragmatists under limits set by a party dictatorship. And
this fact is cooling down too-high hopes of reforms a bit."
POLAND: "China's Shift Away From Communism"
Centrist daily Rzeczpospolita carried this analysis (3/20) by Krzysztof
Darewicz: "We are witnessing a generational shift right now in the
Chinese leadership. The changes mostly reflect the process the entire
society is undergoing--they prefer entrepreneurship to ideology and green
banknotes to dark blue uniforms A more professional and liberal
Chinese government does not necessarily mean an acceleration in the
transformation of the political system But even if Zhu Rongji focuses
only on the economy, China will continue to loosen its ties with
Communism With the maintenance of reform in this direction, one can
hope that the free market will force the democratization of public life in
China."
SPAIN: "Something Is Moving In China"
Independent El Mundo noted (3/20): "Yesterday (Zhu Rongji) claimed the
need for free elections, although he pointed out China's concept of
democracy is diferent from the occidental one and he 'justified' the
Tiananmen repression of 1989 The unknown will be to see if the
ambitious economic reform that Rongji proposes can cope with the extremely
conservative position of army leaders, who fear that challenges will end up
burying them."
"China Enters 21st Century"
Conservative ABC contended (3/18): "The election of Zhu Rongji as China's
prime minister represents an important turn by the communist regime in
Beijing towards entry into the 21st century on the road to reforms and
economic opening. [To carry it off], a 'magician' capable of working
miracles was required, and in Zhu Rongji they have found a technocrat who
has worked within a communist system without ever having believed in it
Notwithstanding China's praiseworthy decision to expand its economic
opening in the person of Zhu Rongji, however, the regime continues to
demonstrate reticence in adopting similar reforms in the political arena."
"Great Leap Forward"
Liberal El Pais opined (3/15): "After having sponsored the emergence of a
dynamic private sector during the last few years, the Chinese government
has decided to enter into an inevitable stage in its reform process:
public sector downsizing, and especially, thinning the ranks of the
bureaucracy. This represents a great leap forward, to use Mao's term,
although stiff resistance will have to be overcome and the cooperation of
regional and local public-sector employers will be required in order to
make it happen."
"China And Zhu Rongji"
Conservative ABC's Dario Valcarcel opined (3/10): "The PRC has entered a
period of rapid change, and Zhu is responsible for making change happen,
[including] reducing the Soviet-style public sector apparatus and reforming
its parastatal orporations undertaking a multi-billion-dollar
infrastructure building program to combat the effects of the Asian currency
crisis...and diminishing the income differences between persons and
regions, which are both serious and growing. Corruption has erupted like a
plague, and Zhu appears decided to combat it. Whether he will be able to
do so remains to be seen."
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FOREIGN MEDIA REACTION
DAILY DIGEST
USIA
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON DC 20547
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MEDIA REACTION
Bill Richey, Branch Chief Media Reaction, (202) 619-6511 Ann Pincus, Director
Archived at: www.usia.gov/products/medreac.htm
Monday, March 23, 1998
CHINA'S NEW LEADERSHIP: 'GREAT LEAP FORWARD' INTO 21ST CENTURY?
Media analysts in Asia and Europe detected signs of a "rejuvenated" and "reform-minded" China following the
nomination of Zhu Rongji and other key members of the leadership hierarchy at the National People's Congress meeting
that concluded in Beijing last week. Praise for Mr. Zhu as China's new premier was nearly unanimous, with most
commentators describing him as an "energetic reformer" capable of leading the world's most populous nation into the 21st
century. That said, few underestimated the magnitude of the problems facing China and the new premier, with most
writers outlining projected massive unemployment and the reform of the state-owned enterprises as the primary
challenges facing the Chinese leadership. Some pundits saw the selection of Tang Jiaxuan, described as a "recognized
Japan expert" as foreign minister, as a sign that China wished to "strengthen further the China-U.S.-Japan tripartite
relationship." Commentators also noted two developments on the human rights front--China's announcement earlier this
month that it would sign the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the U.S.' decision not to sponsor a
resolution condemning China's human rights record at the UN Human Rights Commission meeting in Geneva this month.
The majority of available commentary saw the U.S. decision as the "correct" way to influence a "giant" such as China,
but London's conservative Daily Telegraph condemned the move, charging that "Western policy on human rights in
China (had been) corrupted by greed (and had) become miserably myopic." Following are highlights from the
commentaries:
LEADERSHIP FOR THE NEW MILLENIUM: 'AGE OF THE DRAGON?'--Editorials from all regions agreed with
Seoul's moderate Hankook Ilbo assessment that, "by choosing Zhu Rongji as the new premier, China has demonstrated
that it is now moving solidly toward economic reform." Writers also saw the selection of Hu Jintao, the youngest vice
president in China's modern history, as indicative of "a changing of the guard among the aging Communist Party
mandarins." Calcutta's centrist Telegraph observed that, under Mr. Zhu's leadership--and the watchful eye of President
Jiang Zemin--China was "on the threshold of superpower status," predicting: "If Mr. Zhu does his job, the new millenium
may also mark the beginning of an age of the dragon."
HUMAN RIGHTS: 'COUNTERING CONTAINMENT WITH ENGAGEMENT'--China's official media welcomed the
U.S. decision not to sponsor that they called "anti-China bills" at the UN Human Rights Commission meeting in Geneva
"a wise move" that would "promote the health and stability of the Sino-U.S. relationship." The independent Hong Kong
Standard viewed China's vow to sign the covenant on civil and political rights as a "giant step forward" for China.
Germany's centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung judged that "seething unrest" beneath China's "facade" had forced Beijing's leaders
to decide to sign the covenant, whereas New Delhi's centrist Hindu saw that same decision as a clever move designed to
"effectively neutralize" Western criticism. "Quite simply," that paper stated, "China has countered containment with
engagement."
This survey is based on 75 reports from 19 countries, March 6 - 23.
EDITOR: Kathleen J. Brahney
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EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
CHINA: "Session Backs Reforms"
Official, English-language China Daily featured this commentary (3/20): "The message from the concluded conferences
is clear: China will continue, at a pace it sets for itself, the bold policies of reform and opening with even greater vigor,
determination and confidence. This will undoubtedly be a blessing, not only for China, but for peace and development
through the entire world."
"Striding Into The New Century"
This commentary appeared in official China Youth Party China Youth Daily (Zhongguo Qingnianbao, 3/20): "Deputies
of the NPC (National People's Congress) and the CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference) held high
the banner of Deng Xiaoping's theory...and further mobilized the Chinese people to carry out the cause of building
socialism with Chinese characteristics."
"Efficient Government Leads China Into 21st Century"
Wang Yong wrote in official English-language China Daily (3/19): "With the formation of a younger-than-usual cabinet,
China put a group of specialists in the political limelight for the 21st century... Analysts said the establishment of the
new cabinet marks a consolidation of China's third generation of leadership, with President Jiang Zemin at the core."
"Chinese Reform Enters New Stage"
Ji Wen wrote in official Central Legal And Political Commission Legal Daily (Fazhi Ribao) (3/19): "Most in the United
States view the Chinese economic situation as annually improving. They believe that, at this crucial moment of reform,
the new Chinese leaders are capable of successfully fulfilling the reform task."
"A Wise Decision"
Official Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin Ribao) declared (3/18): "Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Zhu
Bangzao said it is wise of the United States to discontinue sponsoring anti-China bills at the UN Human Rights
Commission conference. That decision will promote the health and stability of the Sino-U.S. relationship."
"A Wise Move"
Dong Zhenbang declared in official Central Legal and Political Commission Legal Daily (Fazhi Ribao, 3/17): "The U.S.
government declared on March 14, there will be no more U.S.-sponsored bills at the UN aimed at China Human Rights
status. The announcement is a significant and wise move in the U.S.-China policy, as well as a new step in the
development of the Sino-U.S. relationship. Additionally, President Clinton has decided to visit China ahead of
schedule. The U.S. announcement to give up bills against China's human rights status will definitely promote the
development of Sino-U.S. relations."
"Non-State-Owned Enterprises To Play New Role"
Wang Chuandong pointed out in official, English-language China Daily (3/16): "Vice-chairman of the ninth National
Committee (of the NPC) Jing Shuping stated that with the stronger financial support promised by the government,
prospects for the non-state owned economy are even brighter and will play an important role in the development of the
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high-tech industry."
"Reform Doubters Out Of Line"
Bian Hongwei opined in official, English-language China Daily (3/13): "The bill on institutional restructuring, one of the
most important issues of the ongoing Ninth National People's Congress, stirred nods of approval from almost all
delegates on Tuesday. However, some outsiders downplay the significance of the bill (Such skeptics) failed to see the
underlying spirit behind China's latest move towards administrative reform. Anyone with a reasonable understanding of
China should be able to sense that this time, the Chinese government is determined to cut bureaucracy and red tape
With the deepening of China's opening-up policy, common people have become more aware of the rule of law in
safeguarding their rights. An efficient government with clearly defined functions can act as a bridge between the general
public and the law, providing high quality service in accordance with the law."
"People's Congress Deputies Agree On Key Issues"
According to official, English-language China Daily (3/12): "Chinese lawmakers attending the first session of the Ninth
National People's Congress, China's top legislature, have shown astonishing unanimity in their view on a series of major
issues. Most legislators pointed out that the 'bottlenecks' in China's state enterprise reform at present are the re-
employment of laid-off workers and the early establishment of a social security system."
"Bold Reforms Welcomed"
Official, English-language China Daily stressed (3/11): "Unlike the past unsuccessful attempts to restructure government
institutions, these reforms focus on solving problems by redefining and redesigning government functions in accordance
with the needs of the developing market economy. This institutional restructuring is truly a 'revolution' and shows
China's determination to move forward. The reforms (in both economic and political structures) aim at establishing the
socialist market economy."
"Window Into China"
Jiang Chang pointed out in official Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin Ribao, 3/8): "The National People's
Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference have opened a window through which the
international community can learn about the new economic reforms of the Chinese government. These include reforming
the state-owned enterprises and the move away from macroeconomic policies."
HONG KONG: "Signs Of Weakness In Clinton's Brave Act"
The independent, English-language South China Morning Post (3/20) had this commentary by Simon Beck: "There is no
doubt that in finally dropping the hot coal of the Geneva ritual, the administration is pleasing the powerful lobby,
dominated by corporate America, which had always advocated a less confrontational approach to the China question
However, an equally large lobby of China skeptics will argue that the world's only superpower is allowing itself to be
manipulated by a weaker opponent; and one does not have to look further than last week's news that China was discussing
a further nuclear component deal with Iran-contravening an agreement with the United States that is only four months
old--to find ammunition for that view."
"Visit Timed Too Early To Bear Fruit"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard (3/20) had this commentary by Charles Snyder: "Several
reports over the past week have indicated that President Bill Clinton might have moved up his state visit to China to late
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June because of the upcoming Paula Jones sex-scandal trial. Unfortunately, those reports have the ring of truth.
"If so, it would be a pity, because U.S.-China relations are more important than Mr. Clinton's ratings in the polls The
problem is, the earlier the trip, the less that Mr. Clinton and President Jiang Zemin are likely to be able to accomplish.
Summits take a long time to prepare, especially those between two countries whose relationship is so complex and
sensitive as China and America Nevertheless, when Mr. Clinton steps down at Beijing airport, he will be the first
American president to do so since the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown. That will be significant enough--both
symbolically and in fact--so that even a less-than-fruitful summit could still be called a major success."
"A Rejuvenated China"
In the view of the independent, English-language South China Morning Post's editorial (3/18): "Only a few years ago it
would have been inconceivable for Qian Qichen to declare he was too old to continue as foreign minister. But times have
changed in China The mainland is moving toward an era where bureaucrats will have to justify their jobs or lose them,
as part of Mr. Zhu's ruthless drive toward efficiency. Gone are the days when high-ranking officials could expect to walk
into jobs for which they were not qualified The rejuvenation of the Chinese leadership is good for both the nation and
the world. It has strengthened international ties, with an improvement in Sino-U.S. relations already visible. And it has
produced a leadership more in tune with the entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese people and the increasingly free-market
nature of the nation's economy."
"Chinese Government Recognizes Basic Human Rights"
In the view of the independent Hong Kong Economic Journal (3/16): "China and the United States have plenty of room to
cooperate in terms of economy and strategy. 'Human rights' is the stumbling block of the bilateral relationship. People
generally believe that after China signs the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, cooperation between the
two nations will be smoother. However, the outcome is still uncertain. China's door is more and more open. Thus, it will
be easier for the world to learn the truth if China continues to trample on human rights. At such a time, the West would
not only accuse China of violating human rights, but would also accuse it of violating its international pledge If China
is not wholeheartedly trying to improve its human rights situation, it should not sign the covenant."
"Curtain Falls On Sino-U.S. Human Rights War"
Independent Ming Pao Daily News drew these conclusions (3/16): "The U.S. government decided to drop its censure
motion in the UN against China's human rights [record]. This indicates that the seven-year-long human rights war
between China and the United States will come to an end Recently, Western countries, which originally sided with
Washington, began to differ. First of all, France revealed it was unwilling to set itself against Beijing on the human
rights issue. The countries of the European Union also reached a consensus this year to give up their stand on denouncing
Beijing. Hence, the United States' human rights diplomacy could hardly continue."
"Clinton Most Welcome To Visit"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard held (3/14): "The White House has confirmed that Mr. Clinton's
itinerary [when he visits China] is likely to include a stopover in Hong Kong His visit would be both a welcome boost
to Hong Kong politically and an important endorsement of the implementation of the 'one country, two systems' principle
and the Basic Law. It also would underline America's commitment to this part of the world at a time when the region is
suffering the effects of financial turmoil The average Hong Kong resident would probably catch only a fleeting
glimpse of Mr. Clinton. That is the nature of such visits. But let there be no doubt that a presidential visit here in late
June would be extremely welcome."
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"Are Human Rights Becoming Part Of China's Thinking?"
An editorial in the independent, English-language South China Morning Post said (3/15), "Mr. Qian's announcement [that
China would sign the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights] should not be dismissed as a public relations
move. Beijing has understood that promising to abide by international standards is an effective way of winning friends
and influencing trading partners--and part of China's growing involvement in world affairs This may not mean
significant changes in the short term. But it does signal that human rights may be becoming an element in China's
political thinking."
"A Big Step Forward On Basic Civil Rights"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard told its readers (3/13): "Beijing yesterday reiterated that it
intended signing the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights While we do not begrudge critics their right
to skepticism, it is important to remind ourselves that having given what amounts to a solemn pledge on several
occasions it would indeed be difficult for Beijing to go back on it What is now being contemplated is a step forward. It
might be a small step forward for human rights in general. But it is a giant step for China."
TAIWAN: "Human Rights Missing?"
The centrist, pro-status quo China Times said (3/18): "The U.S. government has decided not to support a UN committee
resolution condemning Beijing's violations of human rights. This decision is hardly surprising, but it came much earlier
than expected The United States (would) find itself isolated and humiliated if it really did [support the resolution].
More importantly, when U.S. President Bill Clinton announced Washington's engagement policy with Beijing at the end
of last year, the underlying logic of its China policy was changed--that is, the containment policy will win no support
from U.S. allies or from the Chinese people The resolution condemning China would be, by nature, in conflict
with Washington's current policy, so Washington has had to forsake it anyway. It is noteworthy that Washington-Beijing
ties are heating up quickly as Zhu Rongji, widely liked by the Western countries, has become China's new premier.
Taiwan sitting between the relationship [between the United States and China] is sure to experience a more serious
impact than that following the meeting between Clinton and Jiang Zemin last year."
"Clinton, Jiang To Have June Wedding?"
In the editorial view of the centrist, pro-status quo China Times (3/13): "What will Clinton get from this trip (to Beijing)?
A big hope is that the relationship between Washington and Beijing will move on steadily without any more
complications. It would certainly please Clinton if Communist China could open its immense market for U.S. products,
but that will not be easy to turn into a reality. Beijing is eager to join the WTO, and Taiwan's recent conclusion of WTO
talks with Washington would bring pressure on Beijing, who may be willing to make greater concessions in its WTO bid.
If both sides reach an agreement over the WTO talks, it would be a centerpiece for Clinton's China trip."
JAPAN: "New Leadership Will Take China Into 21st Century"
Top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri concluded (3/20): "Vice Premier Zhu Rongji's election as premier has come as a
matter of necessity for China, which needs his proven skills in management of the economy along with his capacity for
action. Zhu now faces daunting tasks of achieving 8 percent economic growth amid the economic crisis in Southeast
Asia, while implementing major reforms--streamlining state enterprises, overhauling the financial system and
reorganizing the government structure.
"There is a growing need for Japan and China to cooperate in dealing with the Asian financial crisis, the Korean peninsula
problem and environmental issues. There is also an obvious need for stable relations among Japan, the United States,
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China and Russia. It is in Japan's interest that China remain a responsible world power and stable neighbor. Tokyo
should be forthright in dealing with Beijing."
"Potential Pitfalls For Zhu Rongji"
Business-oriented Nihon Keizai's editorial indicated (3/19): "Unlike the late Deng Xiaoping, Zhu lacks close or strong
ties with the Chinese military leadership. Should his leadership fail, he would invite strong criticism from these
adversaries. Zhu cannot make any errors if he wants to make China an economic power in the 21st century."
"Under New Leadership, China To Strengthen Ties With U.S., Japan"
Top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri's former Washington correspondent Sugiyama observed (3/18): "As a senior Ministry
of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) official put it, the formation of a new Chinese diplomatic lineup of President Jiang Zemin,
Zhu and Tang will not only promote ties with Japan in a more business-like manner but also lead to the further
strengthening of the tripartite China-U.S.-Japan relationship. Such Chinese diplomacy would certainly have a favorable
effect on the political and economic situation in the Asia-Pacific region Sino-Japanese relations should 'function as a
starting point' to promote a cooperative U.S.-Japan-China relationship. In reality, however, the two countries continue to
have several long-pending issues such as China's concern over the newly-revised U.S.-Japan Defense (Cooperation)
Guidelines."
"China Faces Three Major Reforms"
An editorial in top-circulation, moderate Yomiuri observed (3/6): "Li's report stressed the importance of reform in three
areas: state-owned enterprises, the financial system and the administrative structure But reform is often accompanied
by pain. An estimated 5 million people are believed to be jobless, while another 10 million are being laid off. These
numbers are likely to grow. The employment issue will be China's biggest challenge this year. If it is not handled
properly, the country's stability could be undermined."
"Difficulties Ahead For Chinese Leadership"
Liberal Asahi had these observations (3/6): "It will not be easy for China to implement its goal to reforming state-owned
enterprises Social stability will be indispensable to attain this goal. Political reform and democratization becomes all
the more necessary to ensure the people's will is reflected in politics."
AUSTRALIA: "Enormous Task For China's Zhu"
The liberal Canberra Times held (3/23), "The appointment of Zhu Rongji as prime minister of China marks another step
towards economic liberalization in the world's most populous nation. It also gives grounds for optimism that political
reform will appear on the national agenda sooner rather than later Mr. Zhu apparently recognizes the dimensions of his
task. 'What is waiting in front of me may be landmines or an abyss,' he said, 'but I will blaze my trail and I have no
hesitation and no misgivings.' The statement, made at an unusually relaxed press conference, also reveals a strength of
purpose which will stand him in good stead."
INDONESIA: "Learning From China"
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Independent Berita Buana editorialized (3/20): "The replacement of key figures and changes in policies during the
People's Congress demonstrated that the Chinese government is trying to gain support from all of its people The
Chinese parliament appreciated Qian Qichen's courage to resign as foreign minister because of his age. Qian Qichen's
ability to evaluate his own capacity is characteristic of wise leaders The changes now taking place in China are
appropriate examples for other countries, including Indonesia, to follow."
"Serious Preparations For 21st Century"
Leading, independent Kompas commented (3/20): "Recent development in China show how a country can evolve with
the times. Such flexibility enables China to survive and manage to cope with each crisis without getting shaken by too
many jolts."
"China's New, Young Leadersip"
In the editorial view of independent, afternoon Suara Pembaruan (3/19): "It is interesting to observe that in the world's
largest country, with 1.2 billion people and a communist system, pure democracy is still maintained. Zhu was elected in
a vote, though there was some engineering. The rise of Zhu and other younger leaders are results of China's well-
organized regeneration program, and consequently has positive effects on Chinese development and national welfare."
"Zhu's Bold Reforms"
The leading, independent Jakarta Post asserted (3/20): "The voting rights granted to National People's Congress
members reflects that gradual political liberation is underway in a country often referred to as the 'Bamboo Curtain.'
Many believe that greater political relaxation will be introduced in China in the foreseeable future to boost its ambitious
economic reforms. Especially now that Zhu, who proved himself a capable technocrat as mayor of Shanghai due to his
broad outlook and deep faith in market operation, said yesterday that he was in favor of democratic elections of leaders in
China."
"China Faces Upcoming Era"
Leading, independent Kompas said (3/18): "(China) will be facing very big challenges ahead. Amid the looming
economic crisis in Asia, China is aware that it is dealing with a world with more aggressive political and economic
competitors. Strong leadership is obviously required to cope with the challenge. Besides reinforcing experienced
leadership, the Chinese elite is also filled with those of the younger generation as part of a regeneration process."
"Chinese Reforms"
Independent, afternoon daily Suara Pembaruan held (3/16): "If political reforms face hurdles (in China), economic
reforms surely will not succeed."
SINGAPORE: "Give China Due Credit"
The pro-government Straits Times opined (3/21), "As expected, the Western world's human rights do-gooders are
whining over the American decision not to seek censure of China at the meeting of the United Nations Human Rights
Commission, now underway in Geneva Amnesty International scolded the U.S. government for exaggerating the few
positive steps China had taken, and said it should insist on concrete improvements that can be accepted universally as real
progress.
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"These strictures are a mantra but, while a nuisance sometimes, they do act as a brake on the worst instances of rights
abuse. That granted, these pressure groups have not kept up with the altered politics of the human rights crusade if they
give insufficient weight to what has been happening (in China.).
"This week, in an announcement that was clearly timed to coincide with the U.S. plan to abandon backing for the Geneva
resolution, China said it would sign the covenant on political and civil rights. This is of great moment, as the covenant
goes to the heart of China's attitude towards political dissent This is why pressure, though in less objectionable forms,
has its uses. Without it, there must be doubt whether China (would) have relaxed its control by this much. In this regard,
the country will be on notice to prove its intent in observing the covenant. The rights encoded are guaranteed in China's
constitution, but have suffered in the observance. The United States took 15 years between the signing and ratification of
the document. For China, the time taken may matter less than the tolerance it shows for dissenting views."
SOUTH KOREA: "Fourth-Generation Leaders Emerge For New Century"
Anti-establishment Hankyoreh Shinmun judged (3/20): "The Ninth National People's Congress has concluded, and it has
showed that China is no longer in an 'era of charisma' in which one person makes all the decisions The next three
years, designated by China as the period of reform for its administrative, state-run business and financial sectors, will be
important not only for China, but for the international community."
"China Is Changing"
Independent Dong-A Ilbo noted these developments (3/20): "The (National People's) Congress shows a China very
different from that of five years ago. Many reform-minded technocrats were selected as leaders of the country That the
congress saw a significant number of 'no' votes on some proposals was a sign that the country is going through a
significant political transformation."
"China Riding Carriage Toward Reform"
Moderate Hankook Ilbo judged (3/19): "President Jiang's strengthened leadership and the rise of the new premier, Zhu
Rongji, were in fact the two greatest achievements of the (National People's) Congress. With these two men out in front,
the 'China Reform Boat' now is launched and is expected to pick up speed Reformers, however, cannot expect smooth
sailing all the time. They face the problems of privatizing state-run businesses and overcoming resistance to reform. In
addition, there are the unemployment and the economic crises from which neighboring countries are now suffering. All
these issues will be key tests."
"Winds Of Reform In China"
Anti-establishment Hankyoreh Shinmun had this assessment (3/18): "China, which aspires to be a world power like the
United States, is headed toward ambitious reforms The selection of high-level officials at the National People's
Congress and the reform blueprint laid out there are clear indicators of where the country is headed. With Jiang re-elected
as president and Zhu as premier, China's post-Deng-era political system is now in place. Conservative Li Peng is finally
resigning his premier post, paving the way for bold reforms by people like President Jiang and Premier Zhu. The
selection of Hu Jintao as Vice President drew most attention. The most daunting challenge these reformers face is what to
do with China's massive state-run businesses."
"China Under Zhu Rongji"
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Moderate Hankook Ilbo judged (3/18): "By choosing Zhu Rongji as the new premier, China has demonstrated that it now
is moving solidly toward economic reform, including market liberalization. The selection of Tang Jiaxuan, a
recognized Japan expert, shows that China considers Japan to be a serious partner on regional economic and security
issues."
"Hu Jintao Chosen As China's Vice President"
Conservative Chosun Ilbo made these observations (3/17): "The selection of Hu Jintao as China's vice president implies
that the country is already beginning to prepare itself for the making of a fourth-generation national leader who will
succeed Jiang Zemin. Hu's sudden rise to the vice presidency also indicates that China is fully committed to reforms and
ready to speed up the effort."
THAILAND: "Will Zhu Rongji Keep His Word?"
Kavi Chongkittavorn commented in the independent, English-language Nation (3/23), "As far as ASEAN is concerned,
the appointment of Tang [Jiaxuan] as foreign minister is a welcome development in the region. He is considered a friend
of ASEAN. Tang told the Thai government when he was in Bangkok in January that China would do its utmost to
maintain the value of the yuan Indeed, Tang knows that at this juncture, China's prestige in Asia, especially within
ASEAN, rests on China's ability to maintain the value of the yuan. Devaluation of the currency would definitely have a
devastating effect on the economies of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and South Korea, which are all being battered by a
meltdown in their currencies. Therefore, it is not surprising that China views its current role as pivotal in helping to
promote its global image as an unselfish or non-hegemonistic power that pays attention to the well-being of the region."
"Leadership Changes, But China's Ideology Remains The Same"
Elite Siam Rath remarked (3/15): "Despite deep divisions within the Chinese Communist Party concerning the level of
adherence to the core communist ideology, party members have learned to bury the hatchet in favor of national interests,
thus preventing the Soviet-style disintegration from occurring The dreams of those longing to see China turning into a
full democracy, including the United States, will remain unfulfilled."
SOUTH ASIA
INDIA: "Riding The Dragon"
Calcutta's centrist Telegraph opined (3/23), "China's long march to becoming the great Asian power is entering a perilous
but exciting stage. Politically, Beijing has put together a post-Deng Xiaoping leadership that combines the best of party
commitment and economic knowhow. Economically, China is preparing to slay its public sector and civil bureaucracy
monsters. Simultaneously, it is making a strong but legitimate bid to be recognized as a regional power on par with, if not
replacing Japan Mr. Zhu's first and foremost task will be to restructure the galaxy of sickly stars that constitute China's
enormous public sector a job all the harder because Mr. Jiang and other partymen will watch for unacceptable levels of
social unrest as Mr. Zhu wields pen and axe. He also needs to reform a nationalized financial sector riddled with bad
loans. If he succeeds, Mr. Zhu can rightly claim a place with history's greats, earning a seat next to Mao Zedong and
Deng as a maker of modern China
"Not surprisingly, in the vacuum left by Tokyo, Washington is seeing China as the country with both the will and
the ways to be a true global player.
"This is in striking contrast to Japan which seems unable to see beyond its coastline, even though its economy is
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four times the size of China's. The Western countries are now beginning to admit China will have a key role in
ensuring there is no worldwide economic deflation. China is on the threshold of superpower status. If Mr. Zhu
does his job, the new millenium may also mark the beginning of an age of the dragon."
"Third Revolution"
An editorial in the nationalist Hindustan Times stressed (3/18): "China's National People's Congress bears more than a
passing resemblance to the imperial courts of yore, when emperors used to celebrate the advent of spring with elaborate
ceremonial rites to pray for continued stability and prosperity for their cyclopean country Perhaps the most important
change of guard amongst the aging Communist Party mandarins has been the bestowal of the premiership on Zhu
Rongji
It (will) be interesting to watch if, and how, Zhu becomes part of this important chapter in the country's history
with his brand of economic Chinese checkers."
"Destabilizing Developments"
Pundit K. Subrahmanyam put forth this analysis in the "Global Watch" column in the pro-economic-reforms
Economic Times (3/18): "The Washington Times published a news report (3/13) that U.S. officials had
uncovered new evidence of China 'trying to sell' nuclear equipment with weapons applications to Pakistan and
Iran 'within the past several weeks.'. China has trapped the United States China knows that the U.S. president
has no option but to certify China's non-proliferation irrespective of the facts on the ground If, as is most
probable, the U.S. administration looks away as it did earlier on China-Pakistan nuclear and missile relationships,
it would be a clear signal to China that the United States is prepared to swallow future Chinese proliferation
activity The United States' permissiveness (with) respect (to the) China-Pakistan nuclear and missile
relationship (is) extremely destabilizing in the southern Asian region (With) the United States keeping India
in the dark, the new government in Delhi will have cause for concern about the U.S. role in this region."
"China Scores Major Diplomatic Victory"
Under the above headline, the centrist Hindu's Tokyo correspondent, F.J. Khergamvala, stressed (3/18):
"Beijing's rulers have most effectively neutralized Western opposition to its human rights record and the crowning
glory, or glory to crow about, comes this week in Geneva, where the annual session of the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights has taken China off its agenda
Quite
simply,
China
has
countered
containment
with engagement."
"Realpolitik Assumes Primacy In Relations With China"
An editorial in the centrist Pioneer concluded (3/18): "In what can only be termed as an extraordinary move, the
United States has reportedly expressed an inability to sponsor the routine resolution condemning China for human
rights violations Does this, then, let China off the hook? Euphemistically, this is China's Third Revolution,
another stage in its permanent, ongoing revolution
This is clearly not the time to beat China with human rights
stick
Externally, too, the economic crisis that the region experiences will impinge on China. It is left to Zhu
Rongji to better manage politics through judicious economics."
PAKISTAN: "New American Charge Against China And Pakistan"
According to an editorial in the second-largest Urdu-language Nawa-e-Waqt (3/15): "The U.S. Under Secretary
for Non-proliferation Einhorn, in a written statement before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate, has said
that during the last few weeks, China tried to sell nuclear equipment and material used in making nuclear arms to
Pakistan and Iran.
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"Since becoming the sole superpower, the United States considers China and the Muslim bloc its rivals, is afraid
of China's economic progress, and views with great suspicion its progress in the defense field. Similarly,
countries of the Muslim world who are important because of economy, defense or regional strategy also become
the particular target of the United States It is time for Pakistan, among many other countries, to give up a
policy of depending solely on the United States and instead strengthen its economic, diplomatic and defense
relationships with their Chinese neighbor. If China and the Muslim bloc join forces to resist such attempts
at
world domination, there is no reason why the United States and Europe wouldn't change course and thereby
eliminate the regional imbalances."
NEPAL: "Wise Selection Of Zhu Rongji As Prime Minister"
According to government-owned Gorkhapatra (3/22): "The appointment of Zhu Rongji as prime minister of China
represents a wise selection of a conscientious and result-oriented man for the post His promotion to premiership clearly
reflects the Chinese objective to usher itself into the twenty-first century with a high priority on China's economic
development China seems determined to enhance its international stature gradually, and is desirous of expanding its
positive and useful role in the world stage."
EUROPE
BRITAIN: "Greedy And Myopic"
Under the headline above, the conservative Daily Telegraph's editorial commented (3/16): "First the European Union,
now the United States, have sold the pass on human rights in China At heart, the West is afraid that criticism of China
will deprive it of commercial opportunities in a huge and rapidly growing market. That fear is apparent in Bill Clinton's
certifying that Beijing is not abetting countries seeking weapons of mass destruction, thus opening the way to American
exports to China; and in (British Foreign Secretary) Robin Cook's plumping for the lowest common moral denominator at
last month's EU meeting. Mr. Clinton is due to visit Beijing in June; Britain will host an Asia-Europe summit next month.
Neither government would like to puncture the conviviality of these occasions by denouncing China Nearly nine years
after Tiananmen, Western policy on human rights in China, corrupted by greed, has become miserably myopic."
GERMANY: "Reform Vs. Political Change"
Harald Mauss commented on the front page of centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung (3/19): "In the spring of 1989, it had already
become clear how great the real dissatisfaction among the Chinese was with their government and the mentality of its
members to take care of themselves first. In the beginning, the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square fought less for free
elections or freedom of opinion than against growing corruption in the government and the party. Only later did their
protests lead to political demands for self-determination and democracy. But Zhu Rongji will by no means grant these
demands to his people. The Communist Party's claim to leadership will probably not be touched under Zhu. It is true that
Zhu announced his fight against bureaucracy as a fundamental comprehensive reform, but without political change, his
chances for success remain uncertain."
"Zhu's Election Elevates China's Credibility"
P. Goetting commented on national radio station Deutschlandfunk of Cologne (3/17): "With his re-election, State
President Jiang Zemin can finally leave the shadow of his great mentor Deng Xiaoping This means that China's future
course is clear, since the economic and social problems have been recognized. China is pinning its hopes on a speeding
up of the dynamics of change. But it is an open question whether this will be successful. In any case, the successful
model of China will increase in credibility abroad with the election of Zhu Rongji."
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"Thankless Task In Beijing"
Centrist Sueddeutsche Zeitung of Munich pointed out (3/18): "Once before, Zhu Rongji achieved a minor economic
miracle. That is why he is the ideal man for the job as premier of China. But he is faced with a mountain of new
problems It is surprising how clearly the leadership in Beijing has recognized the problems and calls them by name,
(but) the recipes it is suggesting are raising questions. The model of large-scale conglomerates failed in South Korea; the
number of unemployed (in China) is growing faster than the government is willing to admit, and bureaucrats have
announced in public they will put up resistance to a restructuring of the state apparatus. China's leadership knows where
the problems are But does (Zhu) know how to solve them?"
"China's Future"
Adrian Zielcke noted in an editorial in centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung (3/17): "The United States and the EU have now for
the first time given up plans to condemn China at the UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva. For a dissident such a
Wang, this is simply a capitulation which means that the West has given up its principles. But what sense would it make
if President Clinton and Chancellor Kohl gave up their plans to travel to China? It is very difficult to influence a giant
such as China. The more (foreign countries) succeed in integrating the large empire into the international community, the
more difficult it will be for China to close its gates to external influence. Beijing has now declared its willingness to sign
an international convention on human rights Beneath the united facade Beijing is trying to lead us to believe in, there
is seething unrest among the people. During the annual People's Congress, Li Peng, the one responsible for the massacre
on Tiananmen Square nine years ago, got a clear dressing down, while liberal forces were strengthened."
"An Energetic Reformer"
Right-of-center Fraenkischer Tag of Bamberg argued (3/10): "Zhu Rongji intends to use all means in his power to keep
the Asian crisis from China. It may be part of the logic of this 'socialist market economy' that giant, unprofitable state
companies will be dissolved, but the price will be high: Several millions of workers are threatened with dismissal, and
they will enter a job market that has a surplus of approximately 120 million rural workers already. It is easy to foresee
that a storm is brewing."
"Radical Chinese"
Peter Seidlitz observed in centrist General-Anzeiger of Bonn (3/10): "Those familiar with Germany's half-hearted
reforms realize what kind of Herculean task Zhu Rongji has now shouldered and how radical the Chinese really are. The
reforms now being implemented cannot be overestimated. They signify a giant step forward in reforming the country.
The background of this reform is clear: With a streamlined administration China wants to modernize its system--without
changing the power structure, as in the collapsed Soviet Union."
"China's Message"
According to Werner Adam, writing for right-of-center Frankfurter Allgemeine (3/6): "The greatest challenge for the new
premier is what to do with the millions of jobless who are about to develop in the context of the partial privatization of
large state companies."
RUSSIA: "China May Change Much In Five Years"
Sergei Guly judged in reformist Noviye Izvestia (3/20): "If reforms are a success, the world will have an entirely different
China in five years.
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"But judging by Zhu's statements, this may happen even sooner. His predecessors avoided tackling the many problems in
the state sector, afraid to touch this time bomb which, if disturbed, could blow the whole country."
BELGIUM: "Challenges For Manager Zhu"
Asian affairs writer Freddy De Pauw observed in independent Catholic De Standaard (3/18): "China's new prime
minister, Zhu Rongji wants to consolidate the results of the recent period of growth with a reduced growth of eight
percent. But he is colliding with regional powers: The poor provinces believe that they are entitled to a similar recovery;
the wealthy provinces believe that they cannot simply slow down. He must also resist the temptation to devalue the
currency On the international scene, Zhu may be in a state of grace in strong contrast with his predecessor, Li (Peng).
Consequently, he is in a relatively comfortable position for improving the relationship with the United States, although
this chapter may be more in the hands of President and Party leader Jiang Zemin, the man above him, who seemed to get
along well recently with former Prime Minister Li."
"Counting On Zhu"
Conservative Catholic La Libre Belgique had these thoughts (3/18) by Philippe Paquet: "Mr. Zhu's announced
appointment finally makes China (more) predictable, which, for an international community increasingly dependent on
the behavior of that big power, is at least as important as the economic reform initiated twenty years ago By refusing
for the first time to sponsor a resolution condemning human rights violations in China before the ad hoc UN committee
in Geneva, the Americans and the Europeans have already rid Mr. Zhu of a preoccupation. It is now up to him to prove
that, on that level, he can be the engine of more than symbolic change."
HUNGARY: "Owner Production In China"
Respected senior columnist Endre Aczel wrote in top circulation Nepszabadsag (3/23): "The desire of people to own, in
particular societies, seems to be stronger than 'socialism'. Governments, naturally, encouraged the privatization of the real
estate markets not for mere ideological reasons. Knowing this, the quite recent decree of the Chinese government, which
allows the privatization of estates in the second half of this year, can certainly be called a historic move. The decree
illustrates well that in China, while it still calls itself a communist country, the rationalization of the economy does not
really respect any previous loan letters. The reformist Chinese leadership believes that a 'socialist market economy' will
not suffer any backlashes if social services get separated from the national economy management and become 'marked-
based.' I would just silently add that the separation of social services and economic activity is a clever idea in itself, but
this kind of fundamental reform is not without risks."
"Beijing Balance"
An op-ed piece by centrist, conservative Magyar Nemzet's foreign editor Lajos Pietsch pointed out (3/19): "The entire
world has seen the latest picture of the new Chinese prime minister, who, with hands folded for prayer, is saying thank
you for his election. Many understand his gesture as the new face of a Far Eastern country and as a symbol of a tolerance
and pragmatism. The two-week assembly of the Chinese parliament has made very important decisions on personal
changes that are expected to be a key for a more predictable development of the Chinese economy and politics. But the
new image of China might well mean that calls for political reforms become more aggressive and voices demanding more
tolerance toward human rights ring louder. The biggest expectations appear, after all, in the sector of economy and those
expectations could count as the biggest challenge for the junior prime minister.
"It became already obvious during the past couple of years that the acting prime minister, a pragmatic economic expert
otherwise, is not a dedicated follower of a free market economy in its Western sense. He, on the other hand, can be a
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pragmatists under limits set by a party dictatorship. And this fact is cooling down too-high hopes of reforms a bit."
POLAND: "China's Shift Away From Communism"
Centrist daily Rzeczpospolita carried this analysis (3/20) by Krzysztof Darewicz: "We are witnessing a generational
shift right now in the Chinese leadership. The changes mostly reflect the process the entire society is undergoing--they
prefer entrepreneurship to ideology and green banknotes to dark blue uniforms A more professional and liberal
Chinese government does not necessarily mean an acceleration in the transformation of the political system But even
if Zhu Rongji focuses only on the economy, China will continue to loosen its ties with Communism With the
maintenance of reform in this direction, one can hope that the free market will force the democratization of public life in
China."
SPAIN: "Something Is Moving In China"
Independent El Mundo noted (3/20): "Yesterday (Zhu Rongji) claimed the need for free elections, although he pointed
out China's concept of democracy is diferent from the occidental one and he 'justified' the Tiananmen repression of
1989
The unknown will be to see if the ambitious economic reform that Rongji proposes can cope with the extremely
conservative position of army leaders, who fear that challenges will end up burying them."
"China Enters 21st Century"
Conservative ABC contended (3/18): "The election of Zhu Rongji as China's prime minister represents an important turn
by the communist regime in Beijing towards entry into the 21st century on the road to reforms and economic opening.
[To carry it off], a 'magician' capable of working miracles was required, and in Zhu Rongji they have found a technocrat
who has worked within a communist system without ever having believed in it Notwithstanding China's praiseworthy
decision to expand its economic opening in the person of Zhu Rongji, however, the regime continues to demonstrate
reticence in adopting similar reforms in the political arena."
"Great Leap Forward"
Liberal El Pais opined (3/15): "After having sponsored the emergence of a dynamic private sector during the last few
years, the Chinese government has decided to enter into an inevitable stage in its reform process: public sector
downsizing, and especially, thinning the ranks of the bureaucracy This represents a great leap forward, to use Mao's
term, although stiff resistance will have to be overcome and the cooperation of regional and local public-sector employers
will be required in order to make it happen."
"China And Zhu Rongji"
Conservative ABC's Dario Valcarcel opined (3/10): "The PRC has entered a period of rapid change, and Zhu is
responsible for making change happen, [including] reducing the Soviet-style public sector apparatus and reforming its
parastatal orporations undertaking a multi-billion-dollar infrastructure building program to combat the effects of the
Asian currency crisis and diminishing the income differences between persons and regions, which are both serious and
growing. Corruption has erupted like a plague, and Zhu appears decided to combat it. Whether he will be able to do so
remains to be seen."
##
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DOCUMENT NO.
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AND TYPE
002. email
From USIA_Media_Reaction, re: Early Report: RUSSIA, MIDEAST
04/27/1998
P3/b(3)
PEACE [partial] [10 U.S.C. § 424] (1 page)
COLLECTION:
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2019-0159-F
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RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: USIA_Media_Reaction ([email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
CREATION DATE/TIME:27-APR-1998 11:47:10.00
SUBJECT: Early Report: RUSSIA, MIDEAST PEACE
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Lori L. Anderson ( CN=Lori L. Anderson/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
The foreign press' collective sigh of relief following the Duma's
confirmation Friday of Sergei Kiriyenko as Russia's new prime minister was
immediately followed by many cautionary notes indicating that "there is
little reason for optimism" about Russia's future. Most observers
concluded that the vote-seen as a 'yes' not for Mr. Kiriyenko but for
keeping the lower parliament's jobs and special privileges--was no victory
for democracy, but another demonstration that, under the constitution, Mr.
Yeltsin "is tremendously powerful and that his power has become an obstacle
to reform in Russia." Moscow's reformist Izvestia and others predicted
that, as a result of the Duma's humiliation at the president's hands,
"political instability has come to stay" in Russia. Right-of-center Le
Figaro of Paris fretted over the prospects for "a president weakened by
illness but paradoxically wielding more and more authority; a weak prime
minister and an impotent parliament." Except for a couple of analysts who
voiced their confidence in Mr. Kiriyenko's skills, most emphasized with
Bonn's centrist General-Anzeiger that there are only two years left in the
Yeltsin term to "implement reforms" and that the new prime minister serves
at the Kremlin leader's whim. In Seoul, conservative Chosun Ilbo
underscored another glaring question mark for Russia's future: "Although
Kiriyenko's new role may remain that of Yeltsin's errand boy for a while,
it could go well beyond that any time, given Yeltsin's health problems."
MIDEAST PEACE: 'PERPETUAL STALEMATE?'
Editorialists in the Middle East and Europe turned their attention to
Assistant Secretary Indyk and special envoy Dennis Ross' latest round of
shuttle diplomacy to dislodge the stalemate in the Mideast peace process in
advance of talks in London May 4. Analysts saw little hope that the
Israeli leader would accept a U.S. proposal for additional Israeli troop
withdrawals from the West Bank in time for his and Palestinian leader
Yasser Arafat's London meetings with Secretary Albright. This left Tunis's
independent Ash-Shourouq wondering "why the American envoy (had) even come"
to the Middle East. And, while an Egyptian commentator stressed that the
peace process "would collapse" if the U.S. were to withdraw from the
process, Saudi Arabia's pan-Arab Al Hayat expressed amazement that
Washington, the "friend and donor of unlimited aid and support to Israel,
is unable to convince the Israeli prime minister to add two or three
percent to the territories he intends to withdraw his troops from? This is
nonsense," the paper exclaimed. In Israel, anti-Netanyahu Haaretz judged
that the American proposal "is the only alternative to the current
stalemate," a view challenged by nationalist Hatzofe, which retorted, "One
would have to be a complete moron to give Arafat what he wants
Our
prime minister deserves all the backing he can get from the nationalist
camp."
BRIEFS
-- 'Afghan Uncertainties'
-- Iraq: "Vigilance Is Not Superfluous'
-- France: 'Crucial Days' In Fight Against Economic Globalization
EDITORS: Mildred Sola Neely, Kathleen Brahney and Bill Richey
DUMA'S NOD TO KIRIYENKO: 'NO TIME FOR ILLUSIONS' IN RUSSIA
RUSSIA: "Crisis Over, Confrontation On"
Reformist Izvestia (4/25) front-paged this commentary by Aleksandr Privalov
and Sergei Chugayev: "It is a matter of two to three months. Unless they
(the new cabinet) bring tangible and clear results, the opponents (of a new
government) won't bide their time before they attack and destroy.
Political instability has come to stay. The past four weeks have shown
that our political and economic elites are divided, have no common ideas,
and are incapable of rising above their personal and corporate (or party)
interests. As long as the president was firmly in control, the divisions
'at the top' were not too obvious. With confidence in his ability to
control things shaken by now, power struggles may erupt over anything."
"Almost All Are Happy"
Igor Vandenko said on page one of reformist Noviye Izvestia (4/25):
"Looking back to what happened on Friday, you see it as a well-staged show.
Almost all are happy. The president, remaining adamant, has had his way in
the end; the deputies have secured continued deputyship; and the opposition
has remained what it really is, opposition in word, not deed."
"Letting Relations With U.S. To Grow Worse Is Fatal"
Daniil Osmolovsky asserted on page one of reformist, business-oriented
Kommersant Daily (4/25): "By having had the Duma approve Kiriyenko as prime
minister, Yeltsin has proved that he is still Number One among Russian
politicians. Therefore, the main thing now is to make the most
constructive use of his colossal constitutional powers. What a new Russian
government needs to think of now is how to retain good relations with
international financial institutions. Also, failing to bring the Duma to
ratify START II would dash all hopes for a kindly disposition from the
United States, in general, and the IMF, in particular. To let relations
with America grow worse could be fatal, so Yeltsin and Kiriyenko must do
what it takes to have START II ratified."
GERMANY: "This Is No Victory For Democracy"
Right-of-center Frankfurter Allgemeine (4/25) said in an editorial by
Werner Adam, "This is no victory for democracy: The fact that Russia,
after an extended period of haggling, got a new minister president with
experience in economics despite his political inexperience, is rather the
result of a constitution that concentrates power in the hands of the
president Faced with the alternative of bowing to Yeltsin's will or
(dissolution), the majority of Duma parliamentarians considered it better
to base their views less on political convictions but on the maintenance
of privileges Yeltsin again asserted his will, but the method he
employed does not bode well for the future relationship between
government and parliament. And even though we can hardly speak of a
democratic balance of forces in Russia, the power of the Duma has always
been great enough to slow down necessary reforms."
"Yeltsin Won Risky Poker Game"
Centrist General-Anzeiger of Bonn (4/25) argued: "Yeltsin played a risky
poker game and won. But his final battle has just begun: He has only two
more years to implement his reform policy definitively."
FRANCE: "Hard Times For Russian Democracy"
Jean-Paul Pierot maintained in communist L'Humanite (4/25): "In Russia,
where unbridled capitalism succeeded a watered-down socialism, democracy
is having a hard time, fighting as
it must against individual interests of one and all: those supporting
Yeltsin as well as those in the opposition
The Russian people
probably would have much to say, if only they had a chance to speak up."
"A Defeat Paved By Successes"
Charles Lambroschini offered this view in right-of-center Le Figaro (4/25):
"Yeltsin's success is giving way to a disturbing political landscape: a
president weakened by illness but paradoxically wielding more and more
authority; a weak prime minister and an impotent parliament. Mao used to
say that, from one defeat to another, he would fly toward victory. What a
paradox it would be if Yeltsin did the exact opposite."
BULGARIA: "Duma: More Conflicts Ahead"
Bulgarian Socialist Party Duma (4/25) observed, "If (some of the
Communists) voted for Kiriyenko in order to save the Duma, it does not
mean that they will be so collaborative when other important issues are
debated
During the next several months, the Russian Duma will be an
arena of conflicts again, something that Yeltsin is not likely to
approve."
HUNGARY: "No Time For Illusions"
Influential Magyar Hirlap's op-ed piece by foreign affairs columnist Csaba
Szedahelyi commented (4/25), "Yeltsin won battle yesterday. The very last
days of the Duma voting were quite exciting, after all But nobody can
have any illusions. Neither President Yeltsin, nor the newly elected
Kiriyenko, nor the Duma members can sit back in their chairs with a feeling
of being in heaven already. Could we now believe that Kiriyenko is going
to run and administer Russia, a country with problems double its size,
according to his own insights? Or will President Yeltsin make each decision
by the newly elected? The world can not deceive itself either: Even
Kiriyenko is not able to perform miracles."
LATVIA: "How Long Will New Prime Minister Last?"
Aris Jansons of centrist Diena wrote (4/27): "By the third vote, most
deputies without a doubt confirmed their fear of the possibility of
dissolving the Duma, or at least their (fear) of getting stuck in a new,
more dramatic oppositionary adventure I cannot agree with the majority
of observers that Yeltsin is once again demonstrating his phenomenal
talent for making the correct decision to put in place someone who would
fulfill any of (Yeltsin's) assigned tasks One must not forget
Kiriyenko's sharp mind and mathematical talents. The prime minister still
has many opportunities to surprise us."
THE NETHERLANDS: "Little Reason For Optimism"
An editorial in influential, liberal De Volkskrant (4/27) concluded, "A
35-year-old liberal has been appointed prime minister. His orders are to
boost the economic reforms. Those who don't know better could almost
believe that the appointment of Sergei Kiriyenko is a major turning
point
In fact, there is little reason for optimism. The recent
government crisis showed that President Yeltsin is tremendously powerful
and that his power has become an obstacle to reform in Russia
Yeltsin's autocratic style had some important results: He broke the power
of the Communist Party and implemented economic liberalization and
monetary stabilization. But Russia has become a hopelessly weak country.
Chances that this will change are very slim as long as Yeltsin holds so
much power."
POLAND: "Risky Business"
Slawomir Popowski noted in centrist Rzeczpospolita (4/25-26), "At the last
dealing [of cards],
the state Duma gave in--not only because the deputies feared losing their
jobs, official cars and apartments in the capital in the wake of an
unavoidable dissolution of the parliament. In practice, Kiriyenko's
success can even prove convenient to the Communist-nationalist opposition.
Nobody in Moscow doubts that the new prime minister, who without his own
political force is a figure much weaker than his predecessor Victor
Chernomyrdin, will be--at least at the outset--the instrument of Yeltsin
and the Kremlin clan now in power. This means, however, that the president
and his retinue assume for themselves responsibility for the work of the
government and attempts to heal Russia's economy. This decision, in light
of the nearing parliamentary election and presidential election--the most
crucial one--can turn out a very risky business. Both for the 36-year-old
Kiriyenko and for Yeltsin himself."
SPAIN: "Yeltsin's Victory"
According to liberal El Pais (4/26): "Yeltsin has won the standoff with
the Duma, but by imposing Kiriyenko he has contributed to the realization
that the constitution, which grants the president exorbitant powers, needs
to be amended. The deputies voted not for Kiriyenko rather against the
dissolution of parliament Yeltsin has gained a temporary respite: No
one is stealing his spotlight, he has an apparently docile prime minister,
the Duma has been weakened, and the Communist Party is divided. The only
thing he lacks is the good health he needs to govern the country until the
year 2000."
CHINA: "New Antagonism Inevitable"
Liu Gang said in the official, Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin Ribao
, 4/27), "Russian political infighting has been eased for the time being,
but other forms of dispute are inevitable
If there is no improvement
in Russia's political climate in the next two months, political antagonism
between the Duma and the cabinet will re-ignite."
SOUTH KOREA: "Yeltsin's Victory"
Conservative Chosun Ilbo (4/25) pointed out, "Although Kiriyenko's new role
may remain that of Yeltsin's errand boy for a while, it could go well
beyond that any time, given Yeltsin's health problems."
ISRAEL: "Victory For Russian Reform"
In the opinion of the independent Jerusalem Post's lead editorial (4/26):
"The United States has been quick to welcome the new prime minister.
President Clinton is hoping Kiriyenko will move to ratify the START II
arms control treaty, which would allow the parties to move ahead to START
III. As Russia's nuclear arsenal and the controls over it become older and
possibly unstable, formal efforts to make the world a safer place with
fewer weapons will become increasingly important. While everyone wishes
him well now, it remains dubious if, in three years' time, anyone will
remember the name of Sergei Kiriyenko."
MIDEAST PEACE: 'PERPETUAL STALEMATE?'
ISRAEL: "The Americans Try Again"
Anti-Netanyahu Haaretz's lead editorial pointed out (4/26): "America's
'package,' which includes a 13.1 percent Israeli withdrawal followed by a
third redeployment, is the only alternative to the current stalemate. It
reflects a sustained American effort to bridge the parties' positions,
which led to Arafat's waiving his demand for a 30 percent Israeli pullback.
But the prime minister has greeted this critical week of diplomacy with
grating threats and arrogant statements. A senior diplomatic source took
the trouble to clarify that even the prospect of a crisis in Israel's
relations with the United States would not move Netanyahu from his
position. 'So there will be another headline in the paper about the great
crisis,' the source sneered This appears to reflect a desire to
perpetuate the stalemate rather than move toward a permanent arrangement
with the Palestinians."
"Arafat's Old Tricks"
Nationalist Hatzofe told readers in its lead editorial (4/27): "One would
have to be a complete moron to give Arafat what he wants. Worse, one would
also have to not care a bit about Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria.
But our prime minister is made of different stuff and that's why he
deserves all the backing he can get from the nationalist camp. To that
end, his coalition government should be expanded, and the inclusion of the
Moledet Party is a step in that direction. Moledet may be a bit different
from other coalition partners but it, too, realizes that it is either
Netanyahu or a government which would run to Arafat on all fours, bowing to
all of his caprices."
EGYPT: "Clinton Administration Less Committed To Peace Process"
Ibrahim Nafie, editor-in-chief of pro-government Al Ahram, opined (4/26):
"The current American administration has not taken a decisive position
toward peace. Any comparison between Nixon and Kissinger, Carter and
Vance, and Bush and Baker with Clinton and his secretaries Christopher
andAlbright proves that the current administration has not played a serious
role in the process. Will the London meetings be the first serious
American step toward saving peace?"
"Peace Process Would Collapse Without U.S."
Ibrahim Nafie, editor-in-chief of pro-government Al Ahram, judged (4/25):
"If the United States were to withdraw from the peace process, the process
would totally collapse. The United States should learn from its
intervention in the Egyptian-Israeli peace agreement that its intervention
in sponsoring the peace process mainly serves American interests, before
any other."
SAUDI ARABIA: "Where Is The U.S.' Clout?"
London-based, pan-Arab Al-Hayat's editorial asked (4/27): "Who could
believe that Washington, the close ally, friend and donor of unlimited
financial, military and political aid and support to Israel, is unable to
convince the Israeli prime minister to add 2 or 3 percent to the
territories he intends to withdraw his troops from? This is nonsense
Washington is aware of the risk of wasting time. The talks have been
completely frozen for a year. Furthermore, Washington is fully aware that
the policies of the Likud government are behind this freeze in the talks,
but Washington is not prepared to move. More important, Netanyahu has
become aware that no one will hold him responsible
Certainly,
the
American-British silence on Likud's extremism provides it a sort of
international legitimacy."
TUNISIA: "So Why Did He Come?!"
Under the above headline, editor-in-chief Abdelhamid Riahi declared in
independent Ash-Shourouq (4/25): "Before the arrival of the American envoy
to the Middle East region, Israel renewed its refusal of the American
proposal, while the American administration emphasized its pessimism
So why did the American envoy even come? And what S the use of a new
mission that is already failing? The peace process negotiations have
become a farce since the election of Netanyahu Now that America has
admitted 'its failure and total inability' to change Netanyahu's
decisions the ball is in the Arabs' court Arabs should move fast to
find a solution and to play on American interests to make Washington put
pressure on Israel."
BRITAIN: "Ross Fails To Make Headway On West Bank"
The independent Financial Times had this from Jerusalem (4/27): "American
peace envoy Dennis Ross, who began another round of shuttle diplomacy at
the weekend, has so far failed to extract any concessions from Israel over
the delayed second Israeli pullback from the West Bank
State
Department officials said at the weekend that the peace process was
'increasingly moribund', reflecting Washington's growing pessimism and
frustration over the lack of a political will to bring both sides back to
the negotiating table However much Israel and the United States have
lowered Mr. Arafat's expectations, it seems Israel will not accept
Washington's plans, not yet formally presented but well known to both
sides."
GERMANY: "Formula For Peace"
Hubert Kleine Stegemann maintained in an editorial in centrist
General-Anzeiger of Bonn (4/25): "The Middle East should blow up. At
least the fundamentalists of Jihad and Hamas are hoping this and work for
this end. Yasser Arafat, the president without land, does not want such a
scenario. His only way out is to play the model pupil and to cooperate
with the United States, since otherwise, Israel's Premier Netanyahu would
never yield. This is the background for U.S. special envoy Dennis Ross,
who is to prepare the ground for the Israeli-Palestinian summit with
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in London. The Israeli premier is
now again been faced with the need to negotiate with Arafat. But if he
does not want to totally discredit Arafat, he must finally pay the
political price for security that he promised his compatriots."
ITALY: "Middle East Peace Process, Clinton And Blair In Action"
Rome's centrist Il Messaggero had this from Jerusalem (4/27): "This week of
celebrations in Israel is also full of meetings which may be decisive for
the future of the peace process. Clinton's envoys are here already and
have talked to Netanyahu twice without succeeding in convincing him
regarding the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the occupied territories.
They intend to continue their shuttle diplomacy between Jerusalem and
Arafat. The latter has already accepted the U.S. 'plan' and U.S. envoys
are obviously frustrated vis-a-vis the hesitation of the Israeli
leadership. In any case, however, the Americans continue to do everything
they can to accommodate their allies. Dennis Ross and Martin Indyk, the
two U.S. envoys, would like to achieve an agreement in principle before the
May 4 meeting in London."
"Netanyahu Rejects U.S. Plan: 'Only Israel Can Decide On Withdrawal"
Under the above banner, PDS (leading government party) L'Unita stated from
Jerusalem (4/27): "It does not seem that positions are closer as a result
of the first day of talks between Ross and Indyk with Netanyahu. The
Israeli prime minister's chief of cabinet let it be understood that Israel
will resist all U.S. pressure to increase the percentage of Israeli
withdrawal from the West Bank During his talks with Dennis Ross in the
next few days, Netanyahu hopes to dissuade the United States from
officially presenting its plan."
BRIEFS
'AFGHAN UNCERTAINTIES'
PAKISTAN: "Ominous Signals from Afghanistan"
An editorial in the Peshawar-based independent Frontier Post held (4/27):
"Fresh fighting has broken out in Afghanistan at a time when rival Afghan
factions were preparing to go into an American- sponsored peace
dialogue Pakistan is going along with America's new plan, for it has
little choice to act otherwise. Its Afghan policy has come a cropper. The
situation has now come to a head where its protege, the Taliban, are
becoming embarrassingly defiant. Islamabad is regarded with hatred and
abhorrence by the northern forces, some of whose leaders have actually been
its allies in the past. It is ironic to see Pakistan sit on the sidelines
as the Americans descend on the field with a white flag."
"Afghan Uncertainties"
An editorial in the center-right Nation held (4/26): "Fears are that the
Taliban have little interest in making peace on equal terms with the
Northern Alliance leaders, and have therefore agreed to talk only under
U.S. and UN pressure. Such a situation is not likely to inspire much
confidence in this new peace initiative It should by now be crystal
clear to everyone concerned that peace can only return to Afghanistan
through a negotiated settlement."
"U.S. And UN Conspiracy"
A column by editor Mahimd Mir in the Islamabad-based, Urdu-language Ausaf
(4/27) held: "U.S. circles are reviewing a proposal to divide Afghanistan
along linguistic lines. A cease-fire line would be drawn between Taliban
and Northern Alliance. And eventually this cease-fire line would be made a
permanent border."
INDIA: "U.S. Afghan Policy On Test"
Defense correspondent Atul Anejaanalysis commented in the centrist Hindu
(4/27): "While the present [ceasefire] violation may not upset the current
round of talks, a repeat of such violence may once again revert the
antagonists into digging their heels in the battlefield Given the high
level of interest, U.S. diplomacy over Afghanistan, is likely to be
extremely active at least till the year-end Not surprisingly,
Washington, over the last one month has 'stirred up things' in Afghanistan.
Richardson's success in fixing a date for a meeting of the Afghan
factions--something which the UN so far had been short of achieving, was
the first clear indication of Washington's revived interest in Afghanistan.
It wasn't as if there was no proposal earlier to hold a meeting of the
Afghan factions. The U.S. however played a significant role in
concretizing this proposal by getting the Taliban on board and fixing the
date
of the talks Despite all its serious intent the U.S. is likely to
encounter major hurdles on the way, discouraging a diplomatic breakthrough.
Washington, for instance, will have to find a way out to exercise
significant control over the ISI, the autonomous center in Pakistan,
sponsoring the Taliban operation."
NEPAL: "U.S. Interest In Afghanistan Alarmed Iranian Leadership"
Government-owned Gorkhapatra observed (4/25): "It is feared that the
increase of American influence in this west Asian country could serve as
an alarm to the orthodox Islamic rulers of Iran
Iran itself is
embroiled in internal conflicts conflicts between the orthodox and modern
thinking in Iran are being reported Modern-minded leaders are trying
to restore and expand relations with the U.S. The American initiative in
Afghanistan at a time when the internal conflicts are reported prevalent
inside Iran, is a sign of danger to the orthodox Mullahs."
IRAQ: 'VIGILANCE IS NOT SUPERFLUOUS'
SAUDIA ARABIA: "U.S. And Hussein's Special Affinity For Killing Iraqis"
Conservative Al-Riyadh commented (4/27): "It is the right of the Iraqi
people to demand the lifting of the economic sanctions against them, and it
is the duty as well of the Arab nation and the people of the world to
support them, because punishment is no longer a concern for the top man in
Baghdad But the problem is that truth has been lost between UNSCOM
head Richard Butler and Saddam Hussein. The first (Butler) talks about
evidence that Iraq still conceals weapons of mass destruction, and that his
reports to the UN should be considered as facts, even though his intention
is no more than an expression of American ideas, (Americans) who want to
take more than a sip from Iraqi blood. This is one of the reasons behind
Saddam Hussein's remaining in power and control, despite claims of (mutual)
animosity (between both sides), because both sides have a special affinity
for killing Iraqis."
GERMANY: "Vigilance Is Not Superfluous"
Klaus-Dieter Frankenberger commented in right-of-center Frankfurter
Allgemeine (4/27): "The critics of the U.S. Iraq policy will now quickly
raise accusations that the Clinton administration is pinning its hopes on
the military card alone without acknowledging the 'facts.' But the
decision to leave the U.S. contingency of 38,000 forces in the Gulf for the
foreseeable future is a kind of re-assurance. In the past, this policy
showed that the U.S. presence considerably promoted the willingness of the
Iraqi regime to cooperate with the United Nations concerning the
elimination of weapons of mass destruction. Without the military scenario
which the United States and Britain set up in the Gulf, the UN
secretary-general would not have been able to settle the latest
showdown with Iraq. The military presence is part of the U.S. strategy
to deny Saddam the possession of weapons of mass destruction. As long as
the United Nations does not issue a clean bill of health regarding Iraqi
weapons ambitions, vigilance is not superfluous."
THAILAND: "Iraq Warns Of Another Crisis"
Largest circulation, moderately conservative, Bangkok Post editorialized
(4/27): " It is clear a new Iraq crisis is brewing, and it could climax
quickly. Twice in the six months, the United Nations has backed away from
military confrontation with Iraq So long as it continues to prohibit
UN inspection of huge parts of its country, there can be no sympathy for
its claim that the UN, or America, is picking on it. Iraq should show the
world it has disarmed by opening all sites to the UN inspection teams.
The terms of the peace treaty Iraq signed with UN seven years ago are
clear enough. Iraq must be clearly disarmed of its weapons of mass
destruction, or it must suffer the consequences."
FRANCE: 'CRUCIAL DAYS' IN FIGHT AGAINST ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
FRANCE: "Paris Fights Against The MAI"
Herve Nathan commented in left-of-center Liberation (4/27): "For those
fighting against globalization, today and tomorrow are crucial days. The
negotiations under way at the OECD are mobilizing anti-MAI forces in Paris
and Luxembourg, where France will try to stop Leon Brittan's trade
liberalization project Paradoxically, the U.S. is helping MAI
opponents: 'We are not ready,' explained Alan Larson This is being
interpreted by the French Ministry of Commerce as 'the U.S. does not want
to dismantle its protectionist legislation."
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P6Qy&P#Monday, April 27, 1998
X' hp x DUMA'S NOD TO KIRIYENKO: 'NO TIME FOR ILLUSIONS' IN RUSSIA
X' hp x
The foreign press' collective sigh of relief following the Duma's
confirmation
Friday of Sergei Kiriyenko as Russia's new prime minister was
immediately foll
owed by many cautionary notes indicating that "there is
little reason for optim
ism" about Russia's future. Most observers
concluded that the voteseen as a 'y
es' not for Mr. Kiriyenko but for
keeping the lower parliament's jobs and speci
al privilegeswas no victory
for democracy, but another demonstration that, unde
r the constitution, Mr.
Yeltsin "is tremendously powerful and that his power ha
S become an obstacle
to reform in Russia." Moscow's reformist Izvestia and oth
ers predicted
that, as a result of the Duma's humiliation at the president's ha
nds,
"political instability has come to stay" in Russia. Rightofcenter Le
Figa
ro of Paris fretted over the prospects for "a president weakened by
illness but
paradoxically wielding more and more authority; a weak prime
minister and an i
mpotent parliament." Except for a couple of analysts who
voiced their confiden
ce in Mr. Kiriyenko's skills, most emphasized with
Bonn's centrist GeneralAnzei
ger that there are only two years left in the
Yeltsin term to "implement reform
s" and that the new prime minister serves
at the Kremlin leader's whim. In Seo
ul, conservative Chosun Ilbo
underscored another glaring question mark for Russ
ia's future: "Although
Kiriyenko's new role may remain that of Yeltsin's errand
boy for a while,
it could go well beyond that any time, given Yeltsin's health
problems."
MIDEAST PEACE: 'PERPETUAL STALEMATE?'
Editorialists in the Middle East and Europe turned their attention to
Assistan
t Secretary Indyk and special envoy Dennis Ross' latest round of
shuttle diplom
acy to dislodge the stalemate in the Mideast peace process in
advance of talks
in London May 4. Analysts saw little hope that the
Israeli leader would accept
a U.S. proposal for additional Israeli troop
withdrawals from the West Bank in
time for his and Palestinian leader
Yasser Arafat's London meetings with Secre
tary Albright. This left Tunis's
independent AshShourouq wondering "why the Am
erican envoy (had) even come"
to the Middle East. And, while an Egyptian commen
tator stressed that the
peace process "would collapse" if the U.S. were to with
draw from the
process, Saudi Arabia's panArab Al Hayat expressed amazement that
Washington, the "friend and donor of unlimited aid and support to Israel,
is
unable to convince the Israeli prime minister to add two or three
percent to
the territories he intends to withdraw his troops from? This is
nonsense," th
e paper exclaimed. In Israel, antiNetanyahu Haaretz judged
that the American p
roposal "is the only alternative to the current
stalemate," a view challenged b
y nationalist Hatzofe, which retorted, "One
would have to be a complete moron t
o give Arafat what he wants Our
prime minister deserves all the backing he
can get from the nationalist
camp."
BRIEFS
'Afghan Uncertainties'
Iraq: 'Vigilance Is Not Superfluous'
France: 'Crucial Days' In Fight Against Economic Globalization
EDITORS: Mildred Sola Neely, Kathleen Brahney and Bill Richey
DUMA'S NOD TO KIRIYENKO: 'NO TIME FOR ILLUSIONS' IN RUSSIA
RUSSIA: "Crisis Over, Confrontation On"
Reformist Izvestia (4/25) frontpaged this commentary by Aleksandr Privalov
and
Sergei Chugayev: "It is a matter of two to three months. Unless they
(the new
cabinet) bring tangible and clear results, the opponents (of a new
government)
won't bide their time before they attack and destroy.
Political instability h
as come to stay. The past four weeks have shown
that our political and economi
c elites are divided, have no common ideas,
and are incapable of rising above t
heir personal and corporate (or party)
interests. As long as the president was
firmly in control, the divisions
'at the top' were not too obvious. With conf
idence in his ability to
control things shaken by now, power struggles may erup
t over anything."
"Almost All Are Happy"
Igor Vandenko said on page one of reformist Noviye Izvestia (4/25):
"Looking b
ack to what happened on Friday, you see it as a wellstaged show.
Almost all ar
e happy. The president, remaining adamant, has had his way in
the end; the dep
uties have secured continued deputyship; and the opposition
has remained what i
t really is, opposition in word, not deed."
"Letting Relations With U.S. To Grow Worse Is Fatal"
Daniil Osmolovsky asserted on page one of reformist, businessoriented
Kommersa
nt Daily (4/25): "By having had the Duma approve Kiriyenko as
prime minister, Y
eltsin has proved that he is still Number One among
Russian politicians. There
fore, the main thing now is to make the most
constructive use of his colossal c
onstitutional powers. What a new Russian
government needs to think of now is h
OW to retain good relations with
international financial institutions. Also, fa
iling to bring the Duma to
ratify START II would dash all hopes for a kindly di
sposition from the
United States, in general, and the IMF, in particular. To 1
et relations
with America grow worse could be fatal, so Yeltsin and Kiriyenko m
ust do
what it takes to have START II ratified."
GERMANY: "This Is No Victory For Democracy"
Rightofcenter Frankfurter Allgemeine (4/25) said in an editorial by
Werner Ad
am, "This is no victory for democracy: The fact that Russia,
after an extende
d period of haggling, got a new minister president with
experience in economics
despite his political inexperience, is rather the
result of a constitution th
at concentrates power in the hands of the
president Faced with the alterna
tive of bowing to Yeltsin's will or
(dissolution), the majority of Duma parliam
entarians considered it better
to base their views less on political convictio
ns but on the maintenance
of
privileges Yeltsin again asserted his will,
but the method he
employed does not bode well for the future relationship be
tween
government and parliament. And even though we can hardly speak of a
dem
ocratic balance of forces in Russia, the power of the Duma has always
been gre
at enough to slow down necessary reforms."
"Yeltsin Won Risky Poker Game"
Centrist GeneralAnzeiger of Bonn (4/25) argued: "Yeltsin played a risky
poker
game and won. But his final battle has just begun: He has only two
more year
S to implement his reform policy definitively."
FRANCE: "Hard Times For Russian Democracy"
JeanPaul Pierot maintained in communist L'Humanite (4/25): "In Russia,
where
unbridled capitalism succeeded a watereddown socialism, democracy
is having a
hard time, fighting as
it must against individual interests of one and all: those supporting
Yeltsin
as well as those in the opposition The Russian people
probably would have
much to say, if only they had a chance to speak up."
"A Defeat Paved By Successes"
Charles Lambroschini offered this view in rightofcenter Le Figaro (4/25):
"Yel
tsin's success is giving way to a disturbing political landscape: a
president
weakened by illness but paradoxically wielding more and more
authority; a weak
prime minister and an impotent parliament. Mao used to
say that, from one def
eat to another, he would fly toward victory. What a
paradox it would be if Yel
tsin did the exact opposite."
BULGARIA: "Duma: More Conflicts Ahead"
Bulgarian Socialist Party Duma (4/25) observed, "If (some of the
Communists) V
oted for Kiriyenko in order to save the Duma, it does not
mean that they will
be so collaborative when other important issues are
debated
During the ne
xt several months, the Russian Duma will be an
arena of conflicts again, someth
ing that Yeltsin is not likely to
approve."
HUNGARY: "No Time For Illusions"
Influential Magyar Hirlap's oped piece by foreign affairs columnist Csaba
Szed
ahelyi commented (4/25), "Yeltsin won battle yesterday. The very last
days of t
he Duma voting were quite exciting, after all But nobody can
have any ill
usions. Neither President Yeltsin, nor the newly elected
Kiriyenko, nor the Du
ma members can sit back in their chairs with a feeling
of being in heaven alrea
dy. Could we now believe that Kiriyenko is going
to run and administer Russia
, a country with problems double its size,
according to his own insights? Or wi
11 President Yeltsin make each decision
by the newly elected? The world can no
t deceive itself either: Even
Kiriyenko is not able to perform miracles."
LATVIA: "How Long Will New Prime Minister Last?"
Aris Jansons of centrist Diena wrote (4/27): "By the third vote, most
deputi
es without a doubt confirmed their fear of the possibility of
dissolving the D
uma, or at least their (fear) of getting stuck in a new,
more dramatic opposit
ionary
adventure. I cannot agree with the majority
of observers that Yeltsi
n is once again demonstrating his phenomenal
talent for making the correct de
cision to put in place someone who would
fulfill any of (Yeltsin's) assigned t
asks One must not forget
Kiriyenko's sharp mind and mathematical talents.
The prime minister still
has many opportunities to surprise us."
THE NETHERLANDS: "Little Reason For Optimism"
An editorial in influential, liberal De Volkskrant (4/27) concluded, "A
35year
old liberal has been appointed prime minister. His orders are to
boost the ec
onomic reforms. Those who don't know better could almost
believe that the app
ointment of Sergei Kiriyenko is a major turning
point. In fact, there is 1
ittle reason for optimism. The recent
government crisis showed that President
Yeltsin is tremendously powerful
and that his power has become an obstacle to
reform in Russia
Yeltsin's autocratic style had some important results: H
e broke the power
of the Communist Party and implemented economic liberalizati
on and
monetary stabilization. But Russia has become a hopelessly weak countr
y.
Chances that this will change are very slim as long as Yeltsin holds so
m
uch power."
X' hp X POLAND: "Risky Business"
X' hp x Slawomir Popowski noted in centrist Rzeczpospolita (4/2526), "At the 1
ast
dealing [of cards],
the state Duma gave innot only because the deputies feared losing their
jobs,
official cars and apartments in the capital in the wake of an
unavoidable diss
olution of the parliament. In practice, Kiriyenko's
success can even prove co
nvenient to the Communistnationalist opposition.
Nobody in Moscow doubts that
the new prime minister, who without his own
political force is a figure much we
aker than his predecessor Victor
Chernomyrdin, will beat least at the outsetth
e instrument of Yeltsin
and the Kremlin clan now in power. This means, however
, that the president
and his retinue assume for themselves responsibility for
the work of the
government and attempts to heal Russia's economy. This decisio
n, in light
of the nearing parliamentary election and presidential electionthe
most
crucial onecan turn out a very risky business. Both for the 36yearold
Ki
riyenko and for Yeltsin himself."
SPAIN: "Yeltsin's Victory"
According to liberal El Pais (4/26): "Yeltsin has won the standoff with
the D
uma, but by imposing Kiriyenko he has contributed to the realization
that the
constitution, which grants the president exorbitant powers, needs
to be amende
d. The deputies voted not for Kiriyenko rather against the
dissolution of p
arliament Yeltsin has gained a temporary respite: No
one is stealing his
spotlight, he has an apparently docile prime minister,
the Duma has been weake
ned, and the Communist Party is divided. The only
thing he lacks is the good
health he needs to govern the country until the
year 2000."
CHINA: "New Antagonism Inevitable"
Liu Gang said in the official, Communist Party People's Daily (Renmin
Ribao, 4
/27), "Russian political infighting has been eased for the time
being, but oth
er forms of dispute are inevitable If there is no
improvement in Russia's
political climate in the next two months,
political antagonism between the Dum
a and the cabinet will reignite."
SOUTH KOREA: "Yeltsin's Victory"
Conservative Chosun Ilbo (4/25) pointed out, "Although Kiriyenko's new role
ma
y remain that of Yeltsin's errand boy for a while, it could go well
beyond that
any time, given Yeltsin's health problems."
ISRAEL: "Victory For Russian Reform"
In the opinion of the independent Jerusalem Post's lead editorial (4/26):
"The
United States has been quick to welcome the new prime minister.
President Cli
nton is hoping Kiriyenko will move to ratify the START II
arms control treaty
, which would allow the parties to move ahead to START
III. As Russia's nucle
ar arsenal and the controls over it become older and
possibly unstable, formal
efforts to make the world a safer place with
fewer weapons will become increasi
ngly
important
While everyone wishes
him well now, it remains dubious if, i
n three years' time, anyone will
remember the name of Sergei Kiriyenko."
MIDEAST PEACE: 'PERPETUAL STALEMATE?
ISRAEL: "The Americans Try Again"
AntiNetanyahu Haaretz's lead editorial pointed out (4/26): "America's
'packag
e,' which includes a 13.1 percent Israeli withdrawal followed by a
third redepl
oyment, is the only alternative to the current stalemate. It
reflects a sustai
ned American effort to bridge the parties' positions,
which led to Arafat's wai
ving his demand for a 30 percent Israeli pullback.
But the prime minister has
greeted this critical week of diplomacy with
grating threats and arrogant state
ments. A senior diplomatic source took
the trouble to clarify that even the
prospect of a crisis in Israel's
relations with the United States would not mov
e Netanyahu from his
position. 'So there will be another headline in the paper
about the great
crisis,' the source sneered This appears to reflect a des
ire to
perpetuate the stalemate rather than move toward a permanent arrangement
with the Palestinians."
"Arafat's Old Tricks"
Nationalist Hatzofe told readers in its lead editorial (4/27): "One would
have
to be a complete moron to give Arafat what he wants. Worse, one would
also ha
ve to not care a bit about Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria.
But our pr
ime minister is made of different stuff. and that's why he
deserves all the ba
cking he can get from the nationalist camp To that
end, his coalition gove
rnment should be expanded, and the inclusion of the
Moledet Party is a step in
that direction. Moledet may be a bit different
from other coalition partners b
ut it, too, realizes that it is either
Netanyahu or a government which would ru
n to Arafat on all fours, bowing to
all of his caprices."
X'
hp x EGYPT: "Clinton Administration Less Committed To Peace Process"
X' hp x
Ibrahim Nafie, editorinchief of progovernment Al Ahram, opined (4/26):
"The c
urrent American administration has not taken a decisive position
toward peace.
Any comparison between Nixon and Kissinger, Carter and
Vance, and Bush and B
aker with Clinton and his secretaries Christopher and
Albright proves that the
current administration has not played a serious
role in the process. Will th
e London meetings be the first serious
American step toward saving peace?"
X' hp x
"Peace Process Would Collapse Without U.S."
X' hp x
Ibrahim Nafie, editorinchief of progovernment Al Ahram, judged (4/25):
"If th
e United States were to withdraw from the peace process, the process
would tot
ally collapse. The United States should learn from its
intervention in the Egy
ptianIsraeli peace agreement that its intervention
in sponsoring the peace pro
cess mainly serves American interests, before
any other."
X' hp x SAUDI ARABIA: "Where Is The U.S.' Clout?"
X' hp x Londonbased, panArab AlHayat's editorial asked (4/27): "Who could
bel
ieve that Washington, the close ally, friend and donor of unlimited
financial,
military and political aid and support to Israel, is unable to
convince the Isr
aeli prime minister. to add 2 or 3 percent to the
territories he intends to wi
thdraw his troops from? This is nonsense
Washington is aware of the risk
of wasting time. The talks have been
completely frozen for a year. Furthermor
e, Washington is fully aware that
the policies of the Likud government are behi
nd this freeze in the talks,
but Washington is not prepared to move. More impo
rtant, Netanyahu has
become aware that no one will hold him responsible
C
ertainly, the
AmericanBritish silence on Likud's extremism provides it a sort o
f
international legitimacy."
X` hp x
TUNISIA: "So Why Did He Come?!"
Under the above headline, editorinchief Abdelhamid Riahi declared in
independe
nt AshShourouq (4/25): "Before the arrival of the American envoy
to the Middle
East region, Israel renewed its refusal of the American
proposal, while the Am
erican administration emphasized its pessimism
So why did the American en
voy even come? And what S the use of a new
mission that is already failing? T
he peace process negotiations have
become a farce since the election of Netany
ahu
Now that America has
admitted 'its failure and total inability' to cha
nge Netanyahu's
decisions the ball is in the Arabs' court. Arabs should m
ove fast to
find a solution and to play on American interests to make Washingto
n put
pressure on Israel."
BRITAIN: "Ross Fails To Make Headway On West Bank"
X' hp x
The independent Financial Times had this from Jerusalem (4/27): "American
peac
e envoy Dennis Ross, who began another round of shuttle diplomacy at
the weeken
d, has so far failed to extract any concessions from Israel over
the delayed se
cond Israeli pullback from the West Bank
State
Department officials said a
t the weekend that the peace process was
'increasingly moribund', reflecting Wa
shington's growing pessimism and
frustration over the lack of a political will
to bring both sides back to
the negotiating table However much Israel and
the United States have
lowered Mr. Arafat's expectations, it seems Israel will
not accept
Washington's plans, not yet formally presented but well known to bot
h
sides."
X' hp x GERMANY: "Formula For Peace"
X' hp x
Hubert Kleine Stegemann maintained in an editorial in centrist
GeneralAnzeiger
of Bonn (4/25): "The Middle East should blow up. At
least the fundamentalists
of Jihad and Hamas are hoping this and work for
this end. Yasser Arafat, the
president without land, does not want such a
scenario. His only way out is to
play the model pupil and to cooperate
with the United States, since otherwise,
Israel's Premier Netanyahu would
never yield. This is the background for U.S.
special envoy Dennis Ross,
who is to prepare the ground for the IsraeliPalesti
nian summit with
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in London. The Israeli
premier is
now again been faced with the need to negotiate with Arafat. But i
f he
does not want to totally discredit Arafat, he must finally pay the
politic
al price for security that he promised his compatriots."
ITALY: "Middle East Peace Process, Clinton And Blair In Action"
Rome's centrist Il Messaggero had this from Jerusalem (4/27): "This week of
ce
lebrations in Israel is also full of meetings which may be decisive for
the f
uture of the peace process. Clinton's envoys are here already and
have talked
to Netanyahu twice without succeeding in convincing him
regarding the withdrawa
1 of Israeli troops from the occupied territories.
They intend to continue the
ir shuttle diplomacy between Jerusalem and
Arafat. The latter has already acce
pted the U.S. 'plan' and U.S. envoys
are obviously frustrated visavis the hesit
ation of the Israeli
leadership. In any case, however, the Americans continue
to do everything
they can to accommodate their allies Dennis Ross and Mart
in Indyk, the
two U.S. envoys, would like to achieve an agreement in principle
before the
May 4 meeting in London."
"Netanyahu Rejects U.S. Plan: 'Only Israel Can Decide On Withdrawal"
Under the above banner, PDS (leading government party) L'Unita stated from
Jer
usalem (4/27): "It does not seem that positions are closer as a result
of the
first day of talks between Ross and Indyk with Netanyahu. The
Israeli prime mi
nister's chief of cabinet let it be understood that Israel
will resist all U.S.
pressure to increase the percentage of Israeli
withdrawal from the West Bank..
:. During his talks with Dennis Ross in the
next few days, Netanyahu hopes to
dissuade the United States from
officially presenting its plan."
BRIEFS
'AFGHAN UNCERTAINTIES'
PAKISTAN:
"Ominous Signals from Afghanistan"
An editorial in the Peshawarbased independent Frontier Post held (4/27):
"Fr
esh fighting has broken out in Afghanistan at a time when rival Afghan
factions
were preparing to go into an American sponsored peace
dialogue Pakistan i
S going along with America's new plan, for it has
little choice to act otherwis
e. Its Afghan policy has come a cropper. The
situation has now come to a head
where its protege, the Taliban, are
becoming embarrassingly defiant. Islamaba
d is regarded with hatred and
abhorrence by the northern forces, some of whose
leaders have actually been
its allies in the past. It is ironic to see Pakista
n sit on the sidelines
as the Americans descend on the field with a white flag.
"
"Afghan Uncertainties"
An editorial in the centerright Nation held (4/26): "Fears are that the
Tali
ban have little interest in making peace on equal terms with the
Northern All
iance leaders, and have therefore agreed to talk only under
U.S. and UN pressur
e. Such a situation is not likely to inspire much
confidence in this new peace
initiative It should by now be crystal
clear to everyone concerned that p
eace can only return to Afghanistan
through a negotiated settlement."
"U.S. And UN Conspiracy"
A column by editor Mahimd Mir in the Islamabadbased, Urdulanguage Ausaf
(4/27)
held: "U.S. circles are reviewing a proposal to divide Afghanistan
along ling
uistic lines. A ceasefire line would be drawn between Taliban
and Northern All
iance. And eventually this ceasefire line would be made a
permanent border."
INDIA: "U.S. Afghan Policy On Test"
Defense correspondent Atul Anejaanalysis commented in the centrist Hindu
(4/27
): "While the present [ceasefire] violation may not upset the current
round of
talks, a repeat of such violence may once again revert the
antagonists into di
gging their heels in the battlefield Given the high
level of interest, U.S
diplomacy over Afghanistan, is likely to be
extremely active at least till th
e yearend
Not surprisingly,
Washington, over the last one month has 'stirr
ed up things' in Afghanistan.
Richardson's success in fixing a date for a meet
ing of the Afghan
factionssomething which the UN so far had been short of achie
ving, was
the first clear indication of Washington's revived interest in Afghan
istan.
It wasn't as if there was no proposal earlier to hold a meeting of the
Afghan factions. The U.S. however played a significant role in
concretizing th
is proposal by getting the Taliban on board and fixing the
date of the talks
Despite all its serious intent the U.S. is likely to
encounter major hurdles
on the way, discouraging a diplomatic breakthrough.
Washington, for instance,
will have to find a way out to exercise
significant control over the ISI, the
autonomous center in Pakistan,
sponsoring the Taliban operation."
NEPAL: "U.S. Interest In Afghanistan Alarmed Iranian Leadership"
Governmentowned Gorkhapatra observed (4/25): "It is feared that the
increase o
f American influence in this west Asian country could serve as
an alarm to the
orthodox Islamic rulers of Iran
Iran itself is
embroiled in internal con
flicts conflicts between the orthodox and modern
thinking in Iran are being r
eported Modernminded leaders are trying
to restore and expand relations W
ith the U.S The American initiative in
Afghanistan at a time when the inter
nal conflicts are reported prevalent
inside Iran, is a sign of danger to the o
rthodox Mullahs."
IRAQ: 'VIGILANCE IS NOT SUPERFLUOUS'
SAUDIA ARABIA: "U.S. And Hussein's Special Affinity For Killing Iraqis"
Conservative AlRiyadh commented (4/27): "It is the right of the Iraqi
people t
o demand the lifting of the economic sanctions against them, and it
is the duty
as well of the Arab nation and the people of the world to
support them, becaus
e punishment is no longer a concern for the top man in
Baghdad
But the pro
blem is that truth has been lost between UNSCOM
head Richard Butler and Saddam
Hussein. The first (Butler) talks about
evidence that Iraq still conceals weap
ons of mass destruction, and that his
reports to the UN should be considered as
facts, even though his intention
is no more than an expression of American ide
as, (Americans) who want to
take more than a sip from Iraqi blood. This is one
of the reasons behind
Saddam Hussein's remaining in power and control, despite
claims of (mutual)
animosity (between both sides), because both sides have a S
pecial affinity
for killing Iraqis."
GERMANY: "Vigilance Is Not Superfluous"
X' hp x KlausDieter Frankenberger commented in rightofcenter Frankfurter
Allge
meine (4/27): "The critics of the U.S. Iraq policy will now quickly
raise accu
sations that the Clinton administration is pinning its hopes on
the military ca
rd alone without acknowledging the 'facts.' But the
decision to leave the U.S.
contingency of 38,000 forces in the Gulf for the
foreseeable future is a kind
of reassurance. In the past, this policy
showed that the U.S. presence consid
erably promoted the willingness of the
Iraqi regime to cooperate with the Unit
ed Nations concerning the
elimination of weapons of mass destruction. Without
the military scenario
which the United States and Britain set up in the Gulf,
the UN
secretarygeneral would not have been able to settle the latest
showdown
with Iraq. The military presence is part of the U.S. strategy
to deny Sadda
m the possession of weapons of mass destruction. As long as
the United Nation
S does not issue a clean bill of health regarding Iraqi
weapons ambitions, vig
ilance is not superfluous."
X' hp x
THAILAND: "Iraq Warns Of Another Crisis"
Largest circulation, moderately conservative, Bangkok Post editorialized
(4/27
): " It is clear a new Iraq crisis is brewing, and it could climax
quickly.
Twice in the six months, the United Nations has backed away from
military conf
rontation with Iraq
So long as it continues to prohibit
UN inspection of
huge parts of its country, there can be no sympathy for
its claim that the UN
, or America, is picking on it. Iraq should show the
world it has disarmed by
opening all sites to the UN inspection teams.
The terms of the peace treaty
Iraq signed with UN seven years ago are
clear enough. Iraq must be clearly di
sarmed of its weapons of mass
destruction, or it must suffer the consequences.
"
X'
hp x FRANCE: 'CRUCIAL DAYS' IN FIGHT AGAINST ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
FRANCE: "Paris Fights Against The MAI"
Herve Nathan commented in leftofcenter Liberation (4/27): "For those
fighting
against globalization, today and tomorrow are crucial days. The
negotiations
under way at the OECD are mobilizing antiMAI forces in Paris
and Luxembourg,
where France will try to stop Leon Brittan's trade
liberalization project
Paradoxically, the U.S. is helping MAI
opponents: 'We are not ready,' explaine
d Alan Larson This is being
interpreted by the French Ministry of Commerc
e as 'the U.S. does not want
to dismantle its protectionist legislation."
###Xx\ P6QyXP#
END ATTACHMENT 1
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Quick News ( Quick News <[email protected]> [ UNKNOWN ])
CREATION DATE/TIME:29-APR-1998 11:30:31.00
SUBJECT: CNN QuickNews - Text Version
TO: TEXTQUICKNEWS ([email protected] UNKNOWN 1)
READ:UNKNOWN
Jody J. Kaplan ( CN=Jody J. Kaplan/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO ])
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
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Top stories as of: Wed Apr 29 07:30:26 1998
(ET)
WORLD NEWS--
Washington, Beijing to establish 'hot line'
Castro rebuffs Chretien's call for reform
Thousands mourn slain Guatemalan bishop
Labor, management to meet on 3rd day of Denmark strike
U.S. NEWS--
Kaczynski just wanted to kill, prosecutors say
Appeals court considers McVeigh's bid for new trial
Two teens fatally shot in California
Thousands attend funeral for slain teacher
BUSINESS from CNNfn--
Pac Rim rides Dow slump
Bourses go separate ways
BMW to acquire Rolls-Royce
Microsoft against the wall?
SPORTS from CNN/SI--
Blackhawks fire coach Hartsburg
Timberwolves shock Seattle, take 2-1 series lead
Hawks avoid elimination, Lakers look to sweep
Interim no more, Pistons stick with Gentry
Also
POLITICS from AllPolitics
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WORLD NEWS
> WASHINGTON, BEIJING TO ESTABLISH 'HOT LINE'
U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright arrived in China on Wednesday
to lay
the groundwork for President Clinton's trip to China in June. Albright and
Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan signed an agreement to establish a
"hot
line" to link Washington and Beijing. The agreement was negotiated during a
summit in Washington last October. China is Albright's second stop on a
week-long trip to Asia.
-->Albright to pursue Tibet, other sensitive issues
http://cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9804/29/albright.china/index.html
> CASTRO REBUFFS CHRETIEN'S CALL FOR REFORM
Vowing to defend "our socialism," Cuban President Fidel Castro on Tuesday
rebuffed appeals by Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien for political
change
and prisoner releases during his visit to the island nation. Immediately
after
bidding Chretien farewell at Havana's international airport, Castro said:
"We
are not going to change. We are going to continue defending our cause and
our
socialism." In an impromptu news conference, Castro made it clear he will
not
bend to pressure for reforms.
-->"Let the blockade cease!"
http://cnn.com/WORLD/americas/9804/28/cuba.chretien/
> THOUSANDS MOURN SLAIN GUATEMALAN BISHOP
Thousands of candle-bearing Guatemalans marched in their capital on Tuesday
night, demanding justice in the grisly slaying of Bishop Juan Jose
Gerardi, 75,
whose head was crushed by a cement block two days after he presented a
study on
civil war atrocities. Mourners sang hymns, and priests said Masses over his
body. On Friday, the bishop presented a study blaming the army for nearly
80
percent of the 150,000 killings during Guatemala's civil war.
-->Silent procession in protest of the killing
http://cnn.com/WORLD/americas/9804/29/bishop.funeral/index.html
> LABOR, MANAGEMENT TO MEET ON 3RD DAY OF DENMARK STRIKE
Danish unions and employers agreed to talk Wednesday, the third day of a
nationwide general strike. It was unclear if the agreement to meet
indicated
the sides were moving closer to ending a dispute that has idled an
estimated
550,000 workers, or roughly one out of every 10 Danes, over their demand
for a
sixth week of paid vacation. Joern Neergaard Larsen of the national
employers'
confederation said Tuesday only that the meeting was to discuss "issues"
and
declined to elaborate.
-->Flights cancelled, but medicine moves
http://cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9804/29/denmark.strike.talks/index.html
More World stories at http://cnn.com/WORLD
U.S. NEWS
> KACZYNSKI JUST WANTED TO KILL, PROSECUTORS SAY
Federal prosecutors said Tuesday that convicted Unabomber Theodore
Kaczynski
simply wanted to kill people. Government attorneys, in a 30-page sentencing
memorandum, quoted extensively from Kaczynski's own writings. "I act merely
from my desire for revenge," Kaczynski wrote in April 1971. While a life in
prison sentence has already been decided, the sentencing memorandum was
prepared and released anyway "so that the public may have a full
accounting of
Kaczynski and his crimes."
-->Formal sentencing set for Monday
http://cnn.com/US/9804/28/kaczynski.sentencing.ap/
> APPEALS COURT CONSIDERS MCVEIGH'S BID FOR NEW TRIAL
A federal appeals court panel on Tuesday focused on possible juror
misconduct
as it heard an appeal for a new trial from attorneys for convicted Oklahoma
City bomber Timothy McVeigh. The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel
questioned why the judge in McVeigh's trial refused to order a hearing
after a
juror allegedly violated instructions against discussing the case.
-->Did Judge Matsch make an error?
http://cnn.com/US/9804/28/mcveigh.update/
> TWO TEENS FATALLY SHOT IN CALIFORNIA
Two teen-agers were shot and killed and a third was wounded Tuesday
afternoon
while playing basketball at an elementary school in Pomona, California,
police
said. The shooting at Philadelphia Elementary School occurred about 5:20
p.m.,
said police Cpl. William Tucker. The names and exact ages of the victims
were
not immediately available, he said. No other injuries were reported.
Pomona is
about 40 miles east of downtown Los Angeles.
> THOUSANDS ATTEND FUNERAL FOR SLAIN TEACHER
Thousands gathered in Edinboro, Pennsylvania, on Tuesday to mourn a popular
teacher who was shot to death in front of his students at a school dance.
John
Gillette, a 48-year-old science teacher and former football hero involved
in
numerous volunteer, church and business projects, was killed Friday when
14-year-old student Andrew Wurst allegedly opened fire with a .25-caliber
semiautomatic pistol. Classes were canceled at schools in the region so
students and faculty could attend a Mass for Gillette.
-->"Why did God let that happen?"
http://cnn.com/US/9804/28/teacher.funeral/
More U.S. stories at http://cnn.com/US
BUSINESS from CNNfn
> PAC RIM RIDES DOW SLUMP
A holiday for Japan's depressed markets gave the rest of Asia little
respite on
Wednesday as an overnight fall in U.S. stocks and continued domestic
concerns
pulled most regional markets lower. The blue chip Hang Seng Index closed
down
207.46 points at 10,471.15. Korean stocks were buoyant, with the Korea
Stock
Exchange composite index surging 14.66 points to end at 417.05.
-->Singapore up, Jakarta down
http://cnnfn.com/markets/wires/9804/29/asiawrap_vg/
> BOURSES GO SEPARATE WAYS
European bourses and bonds were mixed on Wednesday after the Dow's initial
rally on Tuesday turned sour and in the absence of key data to give further
clues on the direction of U.S. interest rates. London's FTSE 100 blue chip
index was up 10.9 points, 0.2 percent higher at 5,817.5 in thin morning
trading. German shares advanced early on Wednesday as strong interest in a
handful of blue chips supported an otherwise undecided market.
-->'The bulls are not in control anymore'
http://cnnfn.com/markets/wires/9804/29/europe_open/
> BMW TO ACQUIRE ROLLS-ROYCE
Britain's Vickers Plc said on Wednesday that it has reached full agreement
on
the sale of luxury carmaker Rolls-Royce Motor Cars to German car maker BMW
AG
for 340 million pounds ($566.2 million) in cash. BMW's bid beats an offer
for
Rolls-Royce from its German rival Volkswagen AG.
> MICROSOFT AGAINST THE WALL?
The federal government and some states could file coordinated new antitrust
charges against software powerhouse Microsoft Corp. as early as next week,
sources said Tuesday. Although the charges would be filed separately by the
states and the Justice Department, staff attorneys at both levels have been
discussing the best way to work together.
-->Justice Department has no comment
http://cnnfn.com/digitaljam/wires/9804/28/microsoft_wg/
More Business stories at http://cnnfn.com
For market numbers see http://CNNfn.com/markets
SPORTS from CNN/SI
> BLACKHAWKS FIRE COACH HARTSBURG
The Chicago Blackhawks fired coach Craig Hartsburg on Tuesday after the
team
missed the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time since 1969. Hartsburg,
38,
had two years left on his contract after signing an extension last June.
His
three-year record was 104-102-40. The Blackhawks finished 30-39-13 this
season.
Assistant coaches Lorne Henning and Newell Brown were also fired.
-->Team needs a total overhaul
http://cnnsi.com/hockey/nhl/news/1998/04/28/hawks_coach/
> TIMBERWOLVES SHOCK SEATTLE, TAKE 2-1 SERIES LEAD
The seventh-seeded Minnesota Timberwolves stunned the playoff-tested
Seattle
Sonics on Tuesday night with a 21-4 fourth-quarter run on the way to a
98-90
victory and a 2-1 lead in the best-of-5 series. Anthony Peeler, who
regained
his shooting touch led the Wolves with a career playoff-best 20 points.
Minnesota, which made its first trip to the Western Conference playoffs
last
season and won its first postseason game at second-seeded Seattle on
Sunday,
can win its first series Thursday night at home.
-->Is Karl's job in Jeopardy?
http://cnnsi.com/basketball/nba/events/1998/playofs/news/1998/04/29/sonics
_twolves_update/
> HAWKS AVOID ELIMINATION, LAKERS LOOK TO SWEEP
The Atlanta Hawks, playing with energy and emotion that was missing from
their
first two games, avoided elimination in the first round on Tuesday and
routed
the Charlotte Hornets 96-64. The Hornets matched the lowest-scoring playoff
game in NBA history. Charlotte leads the best-of-5 series 2-1. Game 4 will
be
played on Friday in Atlanta. Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Lakers can sweep
their
best-of-5 series against the Portland Trailblazers on Tuesday with a
victory at
the Rose Garden.
-->CNNSI's complete playoff coverage
http://cnnsi.com/basketball/nba/events/1998/playoffs/
> INTERIM NO MORE, PISTONS STICK WITH GENTRY
The Detroit Pistons announced on Tuesday that Alvin Gentry will be the
permanent head coach. Gentry, 43, took over the Pistons on an interim basis
after Doug Collins was fired on February 2. Detroit went 16-21 under
Gentry,
including victories over playoff teams Chicago, Indiana, Miami, San
Antonio and
Atlanta. The Pistons were expected to offer Gentry at least $1 million a
season
for two years with an option for a third.
-->Backed by Grant, Dumas
http://cmmsi.com/basketball/nba/news/1998/04/28/gentry_pistons/
More Sports stories at CNNSI.com
For scores see http://CNNSI.com/scoreboards
POLITICS from AllPolitics
> HEARING HIGHLIGHTS STORIES OF ALLEGED IRS ABUSES
A Senate committee will hold a second day of hearings Wednesday on alleged
Internal Revenue Service abuses. Lawmakers will hear from a Virginia
restaurant
owner who is suing for $20 million over an IRS raid. In the first of four
days
of testimony from taxpayers and agents on Monday, the Senate Finance
Committee
heard instances of the IRS stepping over the line, including stories of
retaliation against whistleblowers and criminal investigators using
excessive
force.
-->IRS agent claims questioned
http://allpolitics.com/1998/04/28/irs.hearings/
> CLINTON RAISES MILLION FOR DEMOCRATIC BIDS
President Bill Clinton made a brief and profitable jaunt to the Big Apple
on
Tuesday night, raising an estimated $1 million for Democratic Senate
candidates. Clinton, speaking at a $10,000-per-person fund-raiser, urged
Democrats to seize the opportunity created by the current economic boom.
"Good
times can be very deceptive," he said. The key issues for Democrats in the
fall
midterm elections, Clinton said, are Social Security and Medicare, global
warming, teen smoking and affordable health care.
-->Push to raise funds
http://allpolitics.com/1998/04/29/clinton.fundraiser/
> STARR ARRIVES IN LITTLE ROCK FOR GRAND JURY SESSION
Independent Counsel Ken Starr arrived in Little Rock Tuesday night for
consultations in advance of a hastily-arranged "extra" session of the grand
jury there Wednesday. The additional two-day grand jury session on
Wednesday
and Thursday was scheduled after Starr's Whitewater prosecutors arranged a
lengthy videotape deposition of first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton at the
White
House last Saturday.
> NEW FIGURES PROJECTED FOR SOCIAL SECURITY, MEDICARE
Unless reforms are enacted, Social Security will go bankrupt in 2032,
according
to the latest projections released by the Social Security Trust Fund.
That's
three years later than the 2029 projected date released last year. Medicare
will be broke in 2008, according to the Medicare Trust Fund. That's seven
years
later than the 2001 date projected last year before a bipartisan balanced
budget extended it. President Clinton on Tuesday will use the new numbers
to
call for major long-term reforms in both programs.
"Today's report is encouraging"
http://allpolitics.com/1998/04/28/social.security/
More Politics stories at http://allpolitics.com
Commentary & cartoons at http://allpolitics.com/1998/analysis.html
SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
> EXERCISE MAY REDUCE ALZHEIMER'S RISK
A study released Tuesday shows that regular exercise may reduce the risk of
developing Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that those who exercised
regularly throughout life were less likely to have contracted the
brain-deteriorating disease than those who were inactive. The study
examined
the long-term exercise habits of 373 people -- 126 with Alzheimer's and 247
healthy people. It was conducted by neurologists from the Case Western
Reserve
University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland.
-->Exercise does not guarantee immunity
http://cnn.com/HEALTH/9804/28/alzheimers.exercise/
> FIRST SATELLITE FROM AN AFRICAN COUNTRY PUT INTO ORBIT
An Ariane rocket carried Egypt's first satellite and a Japanese satellite
into
orbit overnight, the 108th successful launch of an Ariane, officials said
Wednesday. It was the first satellite from an African country put into
orbit.
The Ariane 4 blasted off Tuesday night from Europe's launch site in Kourou,
French Guiana.
-->Ariane's 109th mission planned for June
http://cnn.com/TECH/space/9804/29/ariane/index.html
> SPACE STATION LAUNCH DELAYED UNTIL FALL
The launch of the International Space Station will be delayed several
months
because of more delays in building a Russian module where astronauts will
live,
a top Russian Space Agency official said Tuesday. The launch will be
delayed
from June until autumn. The module was already eight months behind schedule
before the latest delays. Russia has been having funding problems, which
have
affected the $20 billion project.
-->Launch could be delayed until December
http://cnn.com/TECH/space/9804/28/russia_iss.reut/index.html
> SPACECRAFT FINDS SOLAR TORNADOES AS WIDE AS THE EARTH
The European Space Agency's SOHO spacecraft has discovered massive
earth-sized
tornadoes on the surface of the sun. SOHO detected a dozen tornadoes with
wind
gusts of up to 300,000 mph. "We see the hot gas in the tornadoes spiraling
away
from the sun and gathering speed. These spectacular events in the sun's
atmosphere must have widespread effects," said British scientist David
Pike.
SOHO, which was launched in December 1995, observes the sun from 900,000
miles
out in space.
-->Impact on earth
http://cn.com/TECH/space/9804/28/tornadoes.sun.reut/index.html
More Sci-Tech stories at http://cnn.com/TECH
What's new in high-tech? See http://CNN.com/TECH/index.html#tomtod
SHOWBIZ
> CELEBRITIES SING TO SAVE RAIN FORESTS
Sting, Madonna, Billy Joel and Elton John were among the celebrity singers
at
the ninth annual benefit for the Rainforest Foundation. The Monday night
concert at New York City's Carnegie Hall raised money to help indigenous
people
save the rainforests in which they live. The foundation, co-founded and
headed
by Sting's wife Trudie Styler, has raised over $10 million since 1989,
including an estimated $2 million from Monday's event.
Who sang what?
http://cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9804/28/rainforest/index.html
> TERI HATCHER CREATES CARD AGAINST CANCER
The recent death of Linda McCartney has put breast cancer awareness in the
spotlight. Now actress Teri Hatcher, whose grandmother also died of breast
cancer, hopes to urge women to get regular mammograms through her
involvement
as a Mother's Day Celebrity Card designer. The cards, designed by Hatcher,
Cheryl Tiegs and Stephen Baldwin, are available at all Rite-Aid drugstores
for
$1.99. Hatcher says her new status as a mother inspired her to get
involved.
->"Anything you can do to help women is good"
http://cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9804/28/showbuzz/index.html#storyl
> 'MERLIN' HELPS NBC WIN AS MAY RATINGS SWEEPS STARTS
"Merlin" gave NBC its best miniseries ratings since 1984 and helped it win
last
week's Nielsen ratings at the outset of the May "sweeps" period. NBC won
the
week with a 10.7 rating and 18 share, Nielsen Media Research said Tuesday.
Second-place CBS had a 9.3 rating and 16 share, followed by ABC's 7.5
rating
and 13 share and Fox's 6.6 rating and 11 share. "Merlin" was also the
highest-rated movie on television since "Jurassic Park" in 1995.
> CELEBRITIES FACE OFF FOR FAVORITE CHARITIES
For serious fans of the hit TV game show "Jeopardy," this week is time for
rest
and relaxation. Gone are the tense games between opponents who battle over
mind-bending answers concerning obscure facts, figures and names in
history.
They are replaced by the celebrity names of today, doing battle for their
favorite charities -- and vying for the biggest laughs from the studio
audience. The "Jeopardy Celebrity Invitational" is underway, with host Alex
Trebek seeking responses from such stars as Carol Burnett, Jason Alexander
and
Sinbad.
-->This is jeopardy?
http://cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9804/28/thisisjeopardy/
More Showbiz stories at http://cnn.com/SHOWBIZ
Your local U.S. TV listings are at http://CNN.com/SHOWBIZ/TV/
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Copyright 1998 Cable News Network Inc.
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CNN Interactive email id:237370730303950544
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: SUNTUM_M [[email protected] [ UNKNOWN )
CREATION DATE/TIME:18-MAY-1998 20:21:27.00
SUBJECT: 1998-5-18 WTO speech
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"/R=OPUS/R=MRP/PR-L=AVUOEOB/PR-U=TDIXON/FFN=Timothy Dixon/"@mr.eop.gov [ UNKNOWN 1)
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TEXT:
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Geneva, Switzerland)
For Immediate Release
May 18, 1998
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT THE COMMEMMORATION OF THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
Palais des Nations
Geneva, Switzerland
7:48 P.M. (L)
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much, Director General
Ruggiero, Federal Counselor Couchepin, your Excellencies, thank you for the
opportunity to address you on this most important occasion.
Near the end of World War II, as leaders and ordinary
citizens
began to dream of a system that would prevent a return to war, President
Franklin Roosevelt asked the people of the United States and the world to
look
ahead to peace with these words: He said, "A basic essential to permanent
peace is a decent standard of living for all individual men and women and
children in all nations. Freedom from fear is eternally linked with
freedom
from want."
It was that understanding that led a farsighted generation
of
postwar leaders, determined to avoid past errors of protectionism and
isolationism, to embrace what was then still a revolutionary idea, that
freedom -- freely-elected governments, free markets, the free flow of
ideas,
the free movement of people -- would be the surest route to the greatest
prosperity for the largest number of people.
They were also confident that growing economic
interdependence
would lead to greater peace among nations. The economic alliances and
institutions they created -- the IMF, the World Bank, the GATT -- built a
platform for prosperity and peace that has lasted down to the present day.
In the fullness of time, events have confirmed the
convictions
of the founders of the international system. World trade has increased
fifteenfold; average tarrifs have declined by
90 percent; the trading community has grown from 23 nations to
132, with 31 more working to join. Russia and China, where the
shackles of state socialism once choked off enterprise, are
moving to join the thriving community of free democracies. Trade
is creating prosperity among the nations of the Americas and
offers hope to the emerging economies of Africa and Asia.
On the edge of a new millennium, our people are
creating a new economy, a very different one from that our
founders faced 50 years ago. The new one is driven by
technology, powered by ingenuity, rewards knowledge and teamwork,
flexibility and creativity, and draws us closer across the lines
that have divided us for too long.
On any given day, over 3 million people take to the
air on commercial flights. Three decades ago, phone lines could
only accommodate 80 calls at one time between Europe and the
United States. Today, they can handle one million calls at one
time. In the United States alone, economic output has tripled
while the physical weight of goods produced has barely changed.
The world's new wealth largely comes from the power of ideas.
This new global economy of ideas offers the
possibility, but not the guarantee, of lifting billions of people
into a worldwide middle class and a decent standard of living,
the opportunity to give their children a better life. Yet it
also contains within it, as we all know, the seeds of new
disruptions, new instabilities, new inequalities, new challenges
to the balance of work and family, of freedom and security, of
equal opportunity and social justice, of economic growth and a
sustainable environment.
The challenege of the millennial generation here
gathered is, therefore, to create a world trading system, attuned
both to the pace and scope of a new global economy and to the
enduring values which give direction and meaning to our lives.
We took the first vital step when we created the World Trade
Organization in 1995, a goal that had alluded our predecessors
for nearly half-century. The Uruguay Round that founded the WTO
amounted to the biggest tax cut in history -- $76 billion a year
when fully implemented. Since that event, world trade has
increased by 25 percent. Since 1995, we also have begun to build
an infrastructure for this new economy, with historic agreements
on information technolgy, telecommunications, and finacial
services, which together affect trillions of dollars in global
commerce every year.
At the G-8 Summit just concluded in Birmingham, the
leaders worked on ideas to strengthen the international financial
architecture so that private capital markets can spur rapid
growth while minimizing the risk of worldwide economic
instability. Now, we must build on these achievements with a new
vision of trade to construct a modern WTO for the 21st century.
I would like to offer you my suggestions.
First, we must pursue an ever more open global
trading system. Today let me state unequivically that America is
committed to open trade among all nations. Economic freedom and
open trade have brought unprecedented prosperity in the 20th
century; they will widen the circle of opportunity dramatically
in the 21st. One-third of the strong economic growth we have
enjoyed in America these past five years was generated by trade.
For every country engaged in trade, open markets dramatically
widen the base of possible customers for our goods and services.
We must press forward.
Redoubling our efforts to tear down barriers to
trade will spur growth in all our countries, creating new
businesses, better jobs, higher incomes, and advancing the free
flow of ideas, information, and people that are the life blood of
democracy and prosperity. At the U.S.-EU Summit in London today,
we embraced this goal and committed ourselves to reducing
barriers and increasing trade in a dozen important areas.
No matter how much some people might wish otherwise,
globalization and the technology revolution are not policy
choices, they are facts. The choice is whether we shape these
forces of a new economy to benefit our people and advance our
values, or retreat behind walls of protection to be left behind
in the race for the future.
At a moment when, for the first time in all human
history a majority of the world's people live under governments
of their own choosing; when the argument over which is better --
free enterprise or state socialism -- has been won; when people
on every continent seek to join the free market system, those of
us who have benefitted most from this system and led it must not
turn our backs. For my part, I am determined to pursue an
aggressive market open strategy in every region of the world.
And I will continue to work with members of our Congress, in both
parties, to secure fast track negotiation authority.
Second, we must recognize that in this new economy,
the way we make trade rules and conduct trade affects the lives,
daily -- and the livelihoods, and the health, and the safety of
ordinary families all over the world. Therefore, our efforts to
make the trading system more open must themselves be made more
open.
In order to build a trading system for the 21st
century that honors our values and expands opportunity, we must
do more to ensure that spirited economic competition among
nations never becomes a race to the bottom -- in environmental
protections, consumer protections, or labor standards. We should
be leveling up, not leveling down. Without such a strategy, we
cannot build the necessary public support for continued expansion
of trade. Working people will only assume the risks of a free
international market if they have the confidence that the system
will work for them.
The WTO was created to lift the lives of ordinary
citizens. It should listen to them. I propose the WTO for the
first time, provide a consultative forum where business, and
labor, and environmental, and consumer groups can provide regular
and continuous input to help guide further evolution of the WTO.
The U.S. and the EU agreed today to provide such a forum as part
of our new trade agenda. It is far more important for the WTO to
follow suite. When this body convenes again, the world's trade
ministers should sit down with representatives of the broader
public to begin to do this.
Third, we must actually do more to harmonize our
goals of increasing trade and improving the environment and
working conditions. Expanded trade can and should enhance the
environment. Indeed, the WTO agreement, in its preamble,
explicity adopts sustainable development as an objective of open
trade, including a commitment to preserve the environment and to
increase the capacity of nations to do so. Therefore,
international trade rules must permit soverign nations to
exercise their rights to set protective standards for health and
safety, the environment, and biodiversity. Nations have a right
to pursue those protections, even when they are stronger than
international norms.
I am asking that a high-level meeting be convened to
bring together trade and environmental ministers to provide
strong direction and new energy to the WTOs environmental efforts
in the years to come -- a suggestion that has already been made
by Sir Leon Brittan of the European Commission.
Likewise, the WTO and the International Labor
Organization should commit to work together to make certain that
open trade does lift living standards and respects the core labor
standards that are essential not only to worker rights, but to
human rights. I ask the two organizations' Secretariats to
convene at a high level to discuss these issues.
This weekend, the G-8 leaders voiced support for the
ILOs adoption of a new declaration and a meaningful follow-up
mechanism on core labor standards when the ILO ministers meet
next month here in Geneva. I hope you will add your support. We
must work hard to ensure that the ILO is a vibrant institution.
Today, I transmitted to our Senate for ratification the ILO
convention aimed at eliminating discrimination in the workplace.
Because this new economy is based on ideas,
information, and technology, the return on investment in
education has never been higher. And the adverse consequences of
being without skills has never been greater. These trends cannot
be reversed. Our goal, therefore, must be to help more people
benefit from the possibilities of the new economy, even as we
ensure that the forces of technology and new trade patterns do
not aggravate inequality or reinforce poor labor conditions.
Here I must add -- even as we do more to harmonize
our goals of more trade and higher incomes for ordinary people,
each nation must do more to provide universal access to quality
education and training. Without that, no trade rules, however
wisely conceived or effected, can guarantee individual success to
the people we are really trying to reach.
Fourth, we must modernize the WTO by opening its
doors to the scrutiny and participation of the public. Through
long trial and error, we have learned that governments work best
when their operations are open to those affected by their
actions. As American Supreme Court Justice Lewis Brandeis said a
long time ago, "sunshine is the best of disinfectants."
The WTO should take every feasible step to bring
openness and accountability to its operations. Today, when one
nation challenges the practices of another, the preceeding takes
place behind closed doors. I propose that all hearings by the
WTO be open to the public, and all briefs by the parties be made
publicly available. To achieve this, of course, would require a
change in the rules of this organization. But each of us could
do our part now. The United States today formally offers to open
up every panel we are a party to, and I challenge every other
nation to join us in making this happen.
Today, there is no mechanism for private citizens to
provide input in these trade disputes. I propose further that
the WTO provide the opportunity for stakeholders to convey their
views, such as the ability to file amicus briefs to help inform
the panels in their deliberations. Today, the public must wait
weeks to read the reports of these panels. I propose that the
decisions of the trade panels be made available to the pubic as
soon as they are issued.
Fifth, we must have a trading system that taps the
full potential of the Information Age. This revolution in
information technology is the greatest force for prosperity in
our lifetimes. The Internet is the fastest growing social and
economic community in history, a phenomenon with unimagined
revolutionary potential to empower billions around the world. It
has been called the "death of distance," making it possible for
people to work together across oceans as if they were working
together across the hall.
When I became President, there were only 50 sites on
the World Wide Web. Four years ago, there were still less than 3
million people with access to the Internet. Today, there are
over 100 million people, with the number doubling every year.
Today, there are no customs duties on telephone
calls, fax messages, e-mail or computer data links when they
cross borders. We have spent 50 years tearing down barriers to
trade in goods and services. Let us agree that when it comes to
electronic commerce, we will not erect these barriers in the
first place. I ask the nations of the world to join the United
States in a standstill on any tariffs on electronic transmissions
sent across national borders. We cannot allow discriminatory
barriers to stunt the development of the most promising new
economic opportunity in decades.
Earlier today at the Summit of the EU, we agreed to
deepen our collaboration in this area. And last week, the
Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Hashimoto, and I, agreed to move
forward together with a market-oriented, private-sector-led
approach to enhance privacy, protect intellectual property, and
encourage the free flow of information and commerce on the
Internet. I hope we can build a consensus that this is the best
way to harness the remarkable potential of this new means of
communication and commerce.
Sixth, a trading system for the 21st century must be
comprised of governments that are open, honest, and fair in their practices. In an era of global financial markets,
prosperity
depends upon government practices that are based upon the rule of
law rather than beaurocratic caprice, cronyism, or corruption.
Investors demand it. And their loss of confidence can have
sudden, swift, and severe consquences, with ripples throughout
entire regional economies.
With its insistence on rules that are fair and open,
the WTO plays a powerful role toward open and accountable
government. But the WTO must do more. When we meet next year,
all members of the WTO should agree that government purchases
should be made through open and fair bidding. This single reform
can open up $3 trillion worth of business to open competition
around the world. And I ask every nation to adopt the
antibribery convention developed by the OECD. Both these steps
would promote both investor confidence and stability.
Finally, we must develop an open global trading
system that moves as fast as the global marketplace. In an era
in which new products lifecycles are measured in months, and
information and money move around the globe in seconds, we simply
can no longer afford to take seven years to finish a trade round
-- as happened during the Uruguay Round -- or to let decade pass
between identifying and acting on a trade barrier we all know
ought to fall.
In the meantime, new industries arise, new trading
blocs take shape, and governments invent new trade barriers every
day. We should explore what new type of trade negotiating round
or process is best suited to the new economy. There must be a
way to tear down barriers without waiting for every issue in
every sector to be resolved before any issue in any sector is
resolved. There must be a way to do this that is fair and
balanced to nations large and small, rich and poor. Surely we
can negotiate trade agreements in a way that is faster and better
than the way we have followed to date.
For example, agriculture -- which I understand has
been discussed quite a bit here -- is at the heart of our economy
and many of yours. Tearing down barriers to global trade is, I
believe, critical to meeting the food needs of a growing world
population. Starting next year, we should aggressively begin
negotiations to reduce tariffs and subsidies, and other
distortions that restrict productivity and the best allocation of
food. We must develope rules rooted in science to encourage the
full fruits of biotechnology. And I propose that even before
negotiations near conclusions, WTO members should pledge to
continue making annual tariff and subsidy reductions so that
there is no pause in reform.
We have to recognize that the fastest growing area
of economic activity in the world is services -- the one least
disciplined by WTO rules. So when services negotiations are
launched, I think it is essential to engage in wide-ranging
discussions to ensure openness for dynamic service sectors, such
as express delivery, environmental, energy, audiovisual, and
professional services.
We have to continue our strong momentum to dismantle
industrial tariffs. A good place to start would be an agreement
on the sectors from chemicals to environmental technologies
proposed by APEC. And we must move forward in strengthening
intellectual property protection.
These are my proposals for a 21st century trading
system -- one that is more open and accountable; one that listens
to the voices of citizens; that works to protect the environment,
and lift the lives and incomes of ordinary people; one that is in
sync with the Information Age; that promotes honest, effective
government; and that makes better, faster decisions. In short, a
trading system based on the new economy and old, enduring values.
To move forward, I am inviting the trade ministers of the world
to hold their next meeting in 1999 in the United States.
I ask you to think about the opportunity that has
been presented to all of us -- the chance to create a new
international economy in which open markets and open economies
spark undreamed of innovation and prosperity; in which the skills
of ordinary citizens power the prosperity of entire nations; in
which the global economy honors those same values that guide
families in raising their children and nations in developing good
citizens; in which poor people, at last, find opportunity,
dignity, and a decent life; in which increasing interdependence
among nations enhances peace and security for all.
This will be the world of the 21st century if we
have the wisdom and determination, the courage and the clarity of
our forebears 50 years ago.
Thank you very much. (Applause.)
END
8:13 P.M. (L)
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL (TRP NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Kaye_Swainbank ([email protected] (Kaye Swainbank) [ UNKNOWN 1)
CREATION DATE/TIME:19-AUG-1998 12:44:32.00
SUBJECT: NEWS BRIEF, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1998
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TEXT:
Lewinsky to Testify Again/In Vermont, Contributors 'feel
burned'/DC - Starr Looks for Holes in Stories
Directors Scouting Vermont, Big Studios Seek Foliage Season
ED - Presidential Shame
Preserving Peace and Quiet (re Green River Reservoir)
Letters - Clinton no Exception
Abuses Persist (re Africa Growth bill), PJL, P.9A
New Bill is Worse
"
" (Jeffords mentioned)
Soft on Crime (re Brady Bill)
Hemingway - Animal Welfare Goes on Trial
Manchester - Critics, Dean Face Off, Town Hosts Spirited
Talk on Act 60
Bus Line Runs Low on Funds, Temporary Support to End
Bolton - Decision Near in Tree-Cutting Case, Agency to
Decide Whether Logger Violated Development Laws
Environmentalist (Diane) Geerken Dies
Awards - Sen. Jeffords honored by YMCA
Etc Shocked Jock (re Howard Stern)
HERALD:
DC - Clinton Disappoints Leading Democrats, But Vice
President Expresses Support
Manchester - Governor Faces Act 60 Protesters, Defends
Stance
Ludlow Merchants Wary of Okemo Development
ED - Taking the Heat (re FDA/tobacco)
Letters - Favoring Sanders' Socialism
Giving Direction to our Government (re Sanders)
Bias Against Businessmen (Rome/McMullen mentioned)
VT Digest - (Patricia) Smith Seeks New House Term
Ready Launches Re-election Bid
Obit - Frank Sullivan, active in Brandon civic affairs
Racine Opens His Ears to Springfielders
Sale of Quechee Resort Inches Closer
-30-
Beautiful AM, clear, crisp and sunny, 44 in central Vermont,
50 in Burlington mid 60's later today..