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Source Description
Introducing Saint Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews, the text reads: <em>Multifariam et multis modis olim Deus loquens patribus in prophetis</em> (In many and various ways God spoke of old to our fathers by the prophets). The historiated initial <em>M</em> shows Saint Paul holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, in his right hand. According to tradition, Paul was beheaded outside the gates of Rome. In his left hand he holds a book, indicating that he is the author of the Epistles of the New Testament. A Roman citizen and Christian missionary, Paul wrote his Epistle to the Hebrews to a community of Hebrew Christians. Of the many manuscript workshops active in Paris between about 1200 and 1250, only a handful have been identified by actual name. The figural style of the Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop is noted for its treatment of hair and eyes, the red dots of the cheeks, and the draperies with hairpin folds. The artist has drawn his inspiration from the animal-shaped initials of the previous century by converting the second arch of the <em>M</em> into a winged dragon.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
169729
label
Leaf with Initial from a Latin Bible: Initial M: St. Paul with a Sword and a Book
core
obj
dtoType
manuscript
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
169729
contentType
manuscript
title
Leaf with Initial from a Latin Bible: Initial M: St. Paul with a Sword and a Book
description
Introducing Saint Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews, the text reads: <em>Multifariam et multis modis olim Deus loquens patribus in prophetis</em> (In many and various ways God spoke of old to our fathers by the prophets). The historiated initial <em>M</em> shows Saint Paul holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, in his right hand. According to tradition, Paul was beheaded outside the gates of Rome. In his left hand he holds a book, indicating that he is the author of the Epistles of the New Testament. A Roman citizen and Christian missionary, Paul wrote his Epistle to the Hebrews to a community of Hebrew Christians. Of the many manuscript workshops active in Paris between about 1200 and 1250, only a handful have been identified by actual name. The figural style of the Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop is noted for its treatment of hair and eyes, the red dots of the cheeks, and the draperies with hairpin folds. The artist has drawn his inspiration from the animal-shaped initials of the previous century by converting the second arch of the <em>M</em> into a winged dragon.
date
c. 1220
citation
rights
CC0
rightsUri
CC0
language
en
wikidata
Q80077392
creators
30101
genreSpecific
Manuscript
imageCount
1
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
tombstone
Leaf with Initial from a Latin Bible: Initial M: St. Paul with a Sword and a Book, c. 1220. Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop (French). Ink, tempera and burnished gold on vellum; leaf: 21.9 x 14.3 cm (8 5/8 x 5 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection, 2011.51
collection
MED - Manuscript Illuminations
dimensions
citations
citation
Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of Manuscript Illuminations</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.
page_number
Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 12, cat. no. 1
creditline
The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection
updatedAt
2026-05-29 08:42:48.707000
sourceId
169729
tec
ink, tempera and burnished gold on vellum
dept
Medieval Art
coll
MED - Manuscript Illuminations
cul
France, Paris
med
ink, tempera and burnished gold on vellum
accession
2011.51
creatorTags
male
thumbnail_url
image_url
dimensionsRaw
Leaf: 21.9 x 14.3 cm (8 5/8 x 5 5/8 in.)
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
photo
mediaId
f330cfa03cb4bad2